cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic lossy counting: an efficient algorithm for finding heavy hitters

Knowledge of the largest traffic ows in a network is important for many network management applications. The problem of finding these ows is known as the heavy-hitter problem and has been the subject of many studies in the past years. One of the most efficient and well-known algorithms for finding heavy hitters is lossy counting [29].In this work we introduce probabilistic lossy counting (PLC), which enhances lossy counting in computing network traffic heavy hitters. PLC uses on a tighter error bound on the estimated sizes of traffic ows and provides probabilistic rather than deterministic guarantees on its accuracy. The probabilistic-based error bound substantially improves the memory consumption of the algorithm. In addition, PLC reduces the rate of false positives of lossy counting and achieves a low estimation error, although slightly higher than that of lossy countingWe compare PLC with state-of-the-art algorithms for finding heavy hitters. Our experiments using real traffic traces find that PLC has 1) between 34.4% and 74% lower memory consumption, 2) between 37.9% and 40.5% fewer false positives than lossy counting, and 3) a small estimation error.
Piloting the use of teen mentors to promote a healthy diet and physical activity among children in Appalachia

Purpose. This study tested a mentoring model that paired trained teens with younger children in an after-school setting to deliver a curriculum aimed at promoting healthier patterns of dietary intake and physical activity. Design and Methods. Using a pretest–posttest design, group comparisons were made. Descriptive, independent, and paired t-test analyses with Bonferroni corrections were conducted in a sample of 72 children. Results. Group differences were noted with the intention to eat healthfully. Mentored children demonstrated greater improvement in knowledge, attitudes, efficacy, perceived support, and body mass index (BMI). Practice Implications. Teen mentors can effectively impact children's intention to improve health behaviors, which is foundational to normalizing BMI.
Effect of a main renal artery stenosis on the downstream doppler waveform in dogs

Rationale and Objectives. We evaluated the changes in the downstream Doppler waveforms caused by a proximal stenosis in the main renal artery of dogs. Methods. Renal parenchymal arterial waveforms downstream from mild ( Results. AT, AI′, and AT′ demonstrated significant differences between the severe stenoses and nonstenotic baselines ( p Conclusion. Quantitative evaluation of the downstream waveform parameters AI, AT, AI′, AT, DS, DD, and RD in the dog kidney is not sufficiently accurate, but calculation of the percentage of the monophasic and biphasic waveforms present may be useful to predict a hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis (≥50%).
Ectopic expression and oncogenesis of Mer tyrosine kinase in E2A-PBX1 expressing B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

9561 Background: Mer is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to a tyrosine kinase subfamily including Axl and Tyro-3. Mer is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and platelets, bu...
DD80: Liebe ist wichtig, aber wo kommt sie her? (Dezember 2008)

Oft muss ich ein bisschen weinen. Ich hatte gepredigt, dass Vertrauen und Liebe so wichtig waren, auch Ehre und Dankbarkeit. Dann sagen so viele JA! JA! JA! Und klagen sofort laut, dass es von all dem so wenig gabe, vor allem fur sie selbst nicht. Ach ja, das meinte ich nicht. Ich wollte nicht feststellen, dass ein Mangel herrscht, sondern aufrufen, ihn zu beheben.
Chicago, the Great Lakes, and the Origins of Federal Urban Environmental Policy

Just after midnight on 17 January 1900, a special train pulled out of Chicago carrying a contingent of public officials on a secret mission to Lockport, about 30 miles to the southwest along the Des Plaines and Illinois River Valleys. They were racing to beat an injunction that was expected to be issued later that day by the United States Supreme Court. The managers of the Sanitary District of Chicago (SDC) were headed for a dam that controlled the water level in a brand new, 30-mile ship canal and drainage channel. Touted as the world's largest earth-moving project, the $33, 000, 000 waterway promised not only to solve the city's sanitation problems but also to boost its economy as the centerpiece of a grand, deep-water highway from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Reaching their destination before noon, they ordered the dam's “bear trap” doors lowered, sending a rush of water down the Illinois River. The opening of the canal was so hurried that unfinished construction projects five miles downstream at Joliet were swept away in the ensuing flood, creating a sudden danger of inundating the city.
Effect of nose bluntness on flowfield over slender bodies in hypersonic flows

A parametric study has been conducted to determine the effects of nose bluntness on the enire flowfield over slender bodies under different hypersonic freestream conditions. The analysis is carried out for air under perfect- and equilibrium-gas assumptions. The analyses range from a few simplified approaches to the solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equations. Specific results obtained for spherically blunted cones and ogives demonstrate that there are significant differences in flowfield and surface quantities between sharp and blunted bodies. Depending upon the flow conditions and geometry, the differences are found to persist as far as 260 nose radii downstream.
Explaining the biasing effects of performance cues in terms of cognitive categorization.

Previous research has consistently demonstrated that observers' ratings of various phenomena related to group processes are significantly biased when raters get bogus feedback about a group's perfo...
Underrepresented minority dental school enrollment: continued vigilance required.

Dr. Sinkford is Associate Executive Director and Director of the Center for Equity and Diversity; Dr. Valachovic is Executive Director; and Ms. Harrison is Director of Programs, Center for Equity and Diversity—all at the American Dental Education Association. Direct correspondence and requests for
Agile model driven development of electronic health record-based specialty population registries

The transformation of the American healthcare payment system from fee-for-service to value-based care increasingly makes it valuable to develop patient registries for specialized populations, to better assess healthcare quality and costs. Recent widespread adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in the U.S. now makes possible construction of EHR-based specialty registry data collection tools and reports, previously unfeasible using manual chart abstraction. But the complexities of specialty registry EHR tools and measures, along with the variety of stakeholders involved, can result in misunderstood requirements and frequent product change requests, as users first experience the tools in their actual clinical workflows. Such requirements churn could easily stall progress in specialty registry rollout. Modeling a system's requirements and solution design can be a powerful way to remove ambiguities, facilitate shared understanding, and help evolve a design to meet newly-discovered needs. "Agile Modeling" retains these values while avoiding excessive unused up-front modeling in favor of iterative incremental modeling. Using Agile Modeling principles and practices, in calendar year 2015 one institution developed 58 EHR-based specialty registries, with 111 new data collection tools, supporting 134 clinical process and outcome measures, and enrolling over 16,000 patients. The subset of UML and non-UML models found most consistently useful in designing, building, and iteratively evolving EHR-based specialty registries included User Stories, Domain Models, Use Case Diagrams, Decision Trees, Graphical User Interface Storyboards, Use Case text descriptions, and Solution Class Diagrams.
Epidemiological characteristics analysis on new reported HIV infected people in Jiangsu Province in 2008

Objective:To analyze epidemiological characteristics on new reported HIV infected people in Jiangsu Province in 2008. Methods:According to the data of surveillance reports on HIV/AIDS in 2008,Excel database was established and statistical analysis of data were performed with SAS 8.0 software. Results:Of 870 new reported HIV positive cases in 2008,65% were the resident of Jiangsu;76% were male;50% were married;27% were farmer;heterosexual transmission accounted for 40.57% ;men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 26.55%;the average age was 36±12 years;19.54% of cases were at the stage of AIDS patients. There were significant differences in the distribution of transmitted routes,occupation,marriage and region of residence between HIV and AIDS stage;CD4+ counts of 51.61% of cases were less than 350 counts/μl. Conclusion:Unprotected sexual contact was the major HIV transmitted mode,while the proportion of MSM has the trend to increase;the proportion of old people increased rapidly. It is necessary to devote greater efforts to control transmission of HIV among old people,farmer and student;HIV/AIDS,especially AIDS patients,were mainly found in medical organizations,measures of earlier finding of HIV positive cases need to be strengthened.
Improving Our Use and Understanding of Antibodies in B-cell Lymphomas

In this review, Ujjani and Cheson present a useful overview of the array of existing and developing roles for monoclonal antibodies in the management of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). These roles may be characterized as single-agent antibody therapy, use in combination with chemotherapy and/or other antibodies, and use following an initial regimen (consolidation/maintenance). Rituximab (Rituxan), the first monoclonal antibody approved for B-cell NHL, clearly has had greatest application in each of these arenas, but it has now been joined by alemtuzumab (Campath) and ofatumumab (Arzerra) as approved single-agent therapies. Also highlighted are a number of other antibodies aimed at B-cell targets: veltuzumab, GA101, AME-133 (CD20), epratuzumab (CD22), lumiliximab (CD23), galiximab (CD80), dacetuzumab (CD40), mapatumumab, lexatumumab (TRAIL), and approaches to improve antibody therapy such as conjugation with radioisotopes or toxins.
Host Cell Specific Adhesins of Group A Streptococci

The adhesion of group A streptococci to host cells is considered a prerequisite for subsequent infections and their sequelae. To date there are at least 11 surface components that have been identified as potential adhesins. These include lipoteichoic acid (LTA), M protein, protein F/Sfb, FBP54, glyceraldhehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase, a 28 kDa fibronectin-binding protein, a vitronectin-binding protein, a collagen binding protein, serum opacity factor, a galactose specific lectin, and C-carbohydrate. There is significant evidence indicating that LTA, M protein, protein F/Sfb, and FBP54 are adhesins, but the data for most of the others is less concrete.
The incidence of anaemia in dairy cows in relation to season, milk yield and age.

The incidence of anaemia (defined as a haemoglobin concentration of 9.8 g/100 ml blood or less), in 7,075 dairy cows was 10.6%. The incidence in cows giving 0 to 7 kg, 8 to 16 kg, and greater than 16 kg of milk on the day of sampling was 4.4%, 9.8% and 15.9% respectively, and was higher between December and March (17.7%), regardless of milk yield, than at other times. Cows over 9 years old giving the highest milk yields and cows 2-3 years old giving the lowest milk yields were more prone to anaemia at this time than others giving similar milk yields.
Effect of planting date, fungicide timing and cultivar susceptibility on severity of narrow brown leaf spot and yield of rice

Abstract Narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is caused by Cercospora janseana (Racib). O. Const. (Synonyms: Cercospora oryzae Miyake, Passalora janseana Racib. U.). Experimental studies were conducted at Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University, and Agricultural Center, Crowley, to manage NBLS by fungicide application of propiconazole at different growth stages of rice cultivars having different susceptibility levels to NBLS in different planting dates. Results of these studies revealed that April (early) had less NBLS severity as compared to May (late) planting. Very susceptible cultivars, CL131 and Cheniere, had the highest and resistant cultivars, Della and Presidio, had the lowest NBLS severity at both the planting dates. Propiconazole application significantly reduced the NBLS severity in comparison to untreated. Fungicide application at panicle initiation was the most effective time to manage NBLS on the very susceptible and susceptible cultivars at both planting dates. NBLS on moderately susceptible cultivars was best managed by applying fungicide either at panicle initiation or early boot stage in early planting but panicle initiation was the best time to apply fungicide in late planting. Resistant cultivars did not need fungicide in April planting but did need in May planting. Rice yield was determined to be higher in April than May planting. Fungicide application at early boot stage protected the yield by 9.4% in April planting and 34.2% when applied at panicle initiation in May. Susceptible cultivar, Cheniere, exhibited the greatest yield and resistant cultivars had lowest yield in both the planting dates regardless of its susceptibility level to NBLS. Yield of very susceptible to susceptible cultivars was reduced in late planting but no effect was observed on yield of moderately susceptible and resistant cultivars.
Detect and Avoid (DAA) Mechanisms for UWB Interference Mitigation

Worldwide ultra-wideband (UWB) radio regulations are slowly taking shape, and are reaching the final stages of work. The main reasons for the continued debate has of course been the potential interference that can be caused by UWB radios to other radios with which they would share the spectrum. Specifically for the case of broadband wireless access (BWA) systems serving indoor subscriber stations (SS), it has been proposed to impose a require ment that UWB systems should detect and avoid interference to the downlinks of such BWA SS. In this paper we discuss some of the aspects of such solutions, and present some results and description of the ongoing work in this area.
History of Neuroprotection: Trials and Tribulations

Neuroprotection is a strategy of interference, antagonism, and slowing down the sequence of molecular pathophysiological processes eventually resulting in irreversible cerebral ischemia. Over the past two decades, neuroprotection in ischemic stroke has emerged as a central topic of intense experimental animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Although rigorous animal studies have provided the proof of principle that neuroprotection is achievable, the novel agents and mechanisms investigated in human clinical trials have consistently failed to demonstrate a significant beneficial effect. Here we survey key neuroprotective trials and consider the strengths and shortcomings of these studies. Agents and mechanisms considered include calcium channel blockers, glutamate antagonists, GABA agonists, antioxidants and free radical scavengers, nitric oxide signal-transduction, modulation of inflammation, hemodilution, hypothermia, albumin therapy, and magnesium therapy. These human trials of neuroprotection therapies have been disappointing, unlike successful acute stroke approaches using reperfusion therapies such as thrombolytics or clot-retrieving devices. We highlight how improved clinical trial design and translational strategies and lessons learned from these negative trials will guide future directions including better clinical trial design and patient selection, multiple agent-combination therapies, and pre-hospital intervention.
Using paired visual and passive acoustic surveys to estimate passive acoustic detection parameters for harbor porpoise abundance estimates.

Passive acoustic monitoring is a promising approach for monitoring long-term trends in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance. Before passive acoustic monitoring can be implemented to estimate harbor porpoise abundance, information about the detectability of harbor porpoise is needed to convert recorded numbers of echolocation clicks to harbor porpoise densities. In the present study, paired data from a grid of nine passive acoustic click detectors (C-PODs, Chelonia Ltd., United Kingdom) and three days of simultaneous aerial line-transect visual surveys were collected over a 370 km2 study area. The focus of the study was estimating the effective detection area of the passive acoustic sensors, which was defined as the product of the sound production rate of individual animals and the area within which those sounds are detected by the passive acoustic sensors. Visually estimated porpoise densities were used as informative priors in a Bayesian model to solve for the effective detection area for individual harbor porpoises. This model-based approach resulted in a posterior distribution of the effective detection area of individual harbor porpoises consistent with previously published values. This technique is a viable alternative for estimating the effective detection area of passive acoustic sensors when other experimental approaches are not feasible.
How to Mend a Fragmented City: a Critique of ‘Infrastructural Solidarity'

Cities in Latin America in particular have been investing in new transportation networks such as bicycle systems, metros and bus rapid transit (BRT) technologies in recent years. These infrastructures are promoted as cures for trenchant social and spatial divisions as much as for traffic gridlock and vehicular pollution. This article unpacks the theory that infrastructures might mend cities that have been fragmented into disparate parts by uneven capitalist development. I argue that this 'infrastructural solidarity' thesis relies on a troubled imagination -shared across urban design and strands of urban theory -that infrastructures are static, formal arrangements that concretize relations and enforce social cohesion or fragmentation. This article draws on qualitative research on the TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota, Colombia, as well as on the work of Bruno Latour, suggesting that the political life of infrastructure is better revealed when such systems are understood as dense knots of shifting relations with complex temporalities. Arguments for the value of this type of actor-network theory (ANT) reading often skew towards the esoteric, but the TransMilenio case shows how sorting through infrastructural ontologies actually matters in terms of how urbanists-academic and practicing-conceive of and work towards just and functional cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Persistence of inflammatory adipose tissue immune cells despite weight loss in obese mice

Obesity causes dramatic changes to the adipose tissue immune environment including the recruitment and activation of macrophages. The inflammatory polarization of these cells is thought to play a critical role in the severity of insulin resistance associated with obesity. Weight loss can improve insulin resistance, but little is known concerning the effects of weight loss on immune activity in adipose. Diet switch from a 60% high-fat diet to 13% normal-fat diet was used to induce weight loss in diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice. Adipose tissue structural changes were evaluated by histology. Leukocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, including sorting and comparing cytokine expression of adipose tissue macrophages before and after weight loss. Weight loss improved glucose tolerance and reduced serum insulin. However, extensive adipose fibrosis developed during weight loss and was associated with macrophage accumulation. Analysis of adipose macrophages after weight loss showed they retained an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to those found during obesity. These macrophages were derived primarily from older cells present during obesity. These macrophages were maintained though high proliferation and low apoptosis. The data indicate that inflammatory activation of adipose macrophages is not sufficient for whole body metabolic dysfunction, but the retained macrophages may promote adipose tissue fibrosis while impacting adipocyte health and function.
Glycosyl Stille Cross-Coupling with Anomeric Nucleophiles – A General Solution to a Long-Standing Problem of Stereocontrolled Synthesis of C-Glycosides

Aryl C-glycosides are common structural motifs found in bioactive natural products and commercially available drugs. Despite their importance, most chemical methods to prepare C-glycosides have relied on the nucleophilic addition/substitution of a glycosyl electrophile, which result in variable anomeric selectivities and yields. Furthermore, these methods are not compatible with saccharides containing free hydroxyl groups. Here, we describe a direct cross-coupling reaction of anomeric nucleophiles (anomeric stannanes) and aryl halides. This method is the first general approach to the synthesis of aryl C-glycosides resulting in exclusive anomeric selectivities for both anomers for a broad range of aryl and carbohydrate coupling partners (including unprotected saccharides). 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis of Anomeric Stannanes 3 Glycosyl Stille Cross-Coupling 4 Future Outlook 5 Summary
Author’s reply to Hill-Smith

Hill-Smith makes an excellent observation that reflects the different environments in which we work.12 Emergency doctors are trained to rule out the worst, before accepting a benign cause for the patient’s symptoms. This is at least in part because the pre-test probability of serious illness is higher in patients attending an emergency department than in those choosing …
Indentifying the Correlates of Pseudobulbar Affect in Patients with Parkinsonsonian Disorders and ALS (P05.125)

OBJECTIVE: To study whether cognitive and psychiatric co-morbidities correlate with pseudobulbar affect (PBA) in patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism (aP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BACKGROUND: PBA is a frontal disinhibition syndrome associated with inappropriate laughter and crying to a minor stimulus, independent of affective disturbance. PBA is common in ALS and recognised in PD and aP. Determinants of PBA have not been systematically studied. DESIGN/METHODS: Patients recruited from a movement disorders or ALS clinic completed a Montreal Cognitive Assesement (MoCA) and self-report questionnaires [Center for Neurological Study- Lability Scale for PBA (CNS-LS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Self and Other Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), and the Short form-36 (SF-36) quality of life (QOL) measure]. Statistical analyses included ANOVAs for group differences, Pearson correlations for relationships between PBA and co-morbidities, and Chi-square/t-tests for demographic variables. RESULTS: 53 PD, 20 aP and 21 ALS patients participated. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, education, race or age of disease onset. There were no statistically significant differences in CNS-LS scores between groups (PD: 10.11 ±3.83; aP: 12.15 ± 5.04; ALS: 12.25 ± 7.5; F=1.93 p=0.15). In the PD and aP groups, anxiety scores positively correlated with PBA, while this association was not found for the ALS group. Depression and Mental Health QOL impairments also positively correlated with PBA scores for only the PD group. MoCA scores were not correlated with PBA for any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its definition, PBA correlates with affective disturbance in PD and aP patients but not ALS, suggesting that individuals with Parkinsonian disorders and PBA symptoms should be evaluated and/or treated for co-morbid mood problems. Furthermore, this preliminary study suggests alternate pathophysiologic mechanisms for PBA in ALS compared to PD and aP. Disclosure: Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. York received research support from Medtronic, Inc. Dr. Phan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jimenez-Shahed has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Allergan, Inc, Merz Pharma, Medtronic, Inc., and Lundbeck.
Inactivation with UV-radiation and internalization assessment of coliforms and Escherichia coli in aquaponically grown lettuce

Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 can internalize in produce. Therefore, a food safety risk exists for lettuce grown using mixed water sources such as aquaponics, which combines aquaculture with hydroponics. Objectives were to determine antimicrobial efficacy of UV-radiation on reduction of E. coli /coliform in a pilot-scale demonstration aquaponic system and assessment for possibility of E. coli /coliform internalization in aquaponically-grown lettuce. Water from aquaculture and hydroponic was sampled for 6 weeks prior to lettuce harvest. Water and lettuce samples were spread-plated on 3-M petrifilm™ EC ( E. coli /coliform) and on m-Endo agar. The average bacterial counts in aquaculture raceways were approximately 10 2 CFU/ml and 10 4 CFU/L on 3-M petrifilm and m-Endo agar, respectively. Bacterial counts did not (p > 0.05) increase in the aquaculture raceways or hydroponic greenhouse, suggesting that neither fish nor plants contributed to bacterial growth. The coliform bacteria detected in the aquaponic system reflected their normal presence in the environment where the aquaponic system was located. UV treatment reduced (p E. coli were not detected in lettuce. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of coliform inactivation by UV-radiation in a pilot-scale real-life aquaponic system.
Changes in Influenza Vaccination Requirements for Health Care Personnel in US Hospitals.

Importance Annual influenza vaccinations are currently recommended for all health care personnel (HCP) to limit the spread of influenza to those at high risk of developing serious complications from the virus. Vaccination coverage has been shown to be significantly greater among employers requiring and encouraging HCP to receive the annual influenza vaccination. Objectives To compare the proportion of respondent hospitals requiring HCP to receive annual influenza vaccination between 2013 and 2017 and to assess the degree to which these proportions differed between Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA hospitals. Design, Setting, and Participants This national survey study included responses from 1062 infection preventionists between 2013 and 2017 from nationally representative samples of all VA and non-VA hospitals in the United States. Data analysis was conducted from November 17, 2017, to March 26, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Survey response indicating hospital requirement for annual influenza vaccination of HCP. Results The overall response rate for the 2013 survey was 69.3% (non-VA, 70.6% [403 of 571]; VA, 63.5% [80 of 126]) and in 2017 was 59.1% (non-VA, 59.1% [530 of 897]; VA, 58.9% [73 of 124]). Among all responding hospitals, mandatory influenza vaccination requirements for HCP increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 61.4% in 2017 (difference, 24.3%; 95% CI, 18.4%-30.2%;P Conclusions and Relevance Despite a substantial increase in mandates among non-VA hospitals, we found that many non-VA hospitals and nearly all VA hospitals are still not currently mandating influenza vaccinations for HCP. In addition to implementing other well-described strategies to increase vaccination rates, health care organizations should consider mandating influenza vaccinations while appropriately weighing and managing the moral, ethical, and legal implications.
Metal Coordination to Ligand-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acid Triplexes

A challenging goal in nanotechnology is the precise and programmable arrangement of specific elements in nanosystems in the three-dimensional space. The use of ligand-modified nucleic acids represents an accurate and selective tool to achieve this goal when it comes to metal ion organization. The synthesis of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers that contain ligands instead of nucleobases makes possible the creation of metal-mediated alternative base pairs and triplets at specific locations in PNA duplexes and triplexes, respectively. We report the formation of four- and six-coordinate metal complexes between PNA triplexes modified with 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy) or 8-hydroxyquinoline (Q) ligands and 3d metal ions. These metal complexes function as alternative base triplets or pairs in that they increase the thermal stability of the triplexes if the stability constants of the metal complexes are relatively high. The increase in the triplex melting temperature correlates with the stability constants of the metal complexes with ligand-containing PNA determined by UV-vis titrations. The metal complexes coordinate two or three ligands although three bidentate ligands are in close proximity of each other within a triplex. Metal coordination to ligand-modified PNA triplexes was further studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and circular dichrosim (CD) spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy indicated the formation of a square planar [CuQ2] complex between Cu2+ and Q-containing PNA triplex. Taken together, the spectroscopic results indicate that in the presence of 1 equiv of Fe2+ or Ni2+ the majority, but not all, of the Bpy-containing PNA triplexes contain [MBpy3] complexes, with a minority of them being metal free. We attribute this behavior to a supramolecular chelate effect exerted by the triplex, which favors the formation of tris-ligand complexes, that is balanced by the steric interactions between the metal complex and the adjacent nucleobase triplets, which decrease the stability of the complex and triplex. In contrast, the very high stability of square planar [MQ2] complexes of Cu2+ and Ni2+ leads to formation of bis-ligand complexes instead of tris-ligand complexes with Q3-containing PNA triplexes. The metal-containing PNA triplexes have a terminal l-lysine and adopt a left-handed chiral structure in solution. The handedness of the PNA triplex determines that of the metal complexes formed with the Bpy-containing PNA triplexes.
Morphology control of hierarchically ordered ceramic materials prepared by surfactant-directed sol-gel mineralization of wood cellular structures

Abstract We here report the synthesis of ordered ceramic materials with hierarchy produced by an in-situ mineralization of ordered wood cellular structures with surfactant-templated sol-gel at different pHs. At low pH, a silicic acid is coated onto inner surface of wood cellular structure and it penetrates into pores left, where degraded lignin and hemicellulose are leached out, to form a positive replica, while at high pH the precipitating silica particles due to fast condensation clog the cells and pit structures to form a negative replica of wood. The calcined monoliths produced in different pHs contain ordered wood cellular structures, multi-layered cell walls, pits, vessels well-preserved with positive or negative contrasts, respectively. The surfactant-templated mineralization produces ordered hexagonal mesopores with 2nm in the cell walls after calcination.
Varicella-Zoster Virus: Molecular Biology

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the Herpesviridae and one of the eight herpesviruses that infect humans as their natural host. VZV is the causative agent of varicella (chickenpox) during primary infection and zoster (shingles) after reactivation from latency. The site of latent VZV infection lies primarily in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia. Based on this, and in conjunction with the structure of the viral genome, VZV is designated as a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus, as are herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. The biology of VZV infection involves numerous organs and cell types of the infected host, including the lungs, skin, neurons, and T lymphocytes. In each of these organs and cell types, a careful balance is struck between the need for viral replication and propagation and the ability of the infected cell and the human host to survive the infection. Our understanding at the molecular level of the mechanisms by which VZV manages this balance has expanded rapidly over the past decade owing to intensive study of specific processes and the development of new genetic techniques and models of infection. This article describes our current understanding of the molecular biology of VZV infection with a concentration on recently obtained information.
Brain tissue temperature: activation-induced changes determined with a new multisensor probe.

Because of its high oxidative metabolic rate, the brain is a significant heat producer. As with all mammalian tissue, the operating temperature range of the brain must be kept at a nearly constant level for normal function. Brain function is especially sensitive to increases in temperature (Cabanac, 1986). The temperature of the brain tissue is determined by the heat conduction properties of the tissue, the heat produced by metabolism, and the heat and heat-transfer capacity of the blood flowing through the tissue. It has always been thought that one of the functions of the cerebral circulation was to act as a cooler of the brain, and some mammalian species have a carotid rete system to maximize this cooling effect (Baker, 1979; Cabanac, 1986). While there is data on the larger animals such as dog, cat, and primate which indicate that significant cooling of the brain during physical excercise occurs (Baker, 1979; Hayward, 1966), there is only sparse information concerning the relationships of metabolism and blood flew in the CNS of smaller mammals such as rodents.
Interpreting Secretary Perkins

This essay is my contribution to an exchange with Professor Daniel R. Ernst of Georgetown University Law Center concerning the timing of a visit by Chief Justice Hughes and his wife to the Pennsylvania summer home of Justice Owen Roberts. In the 1950s, former Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins recounted in the oral history interview she gave to Columbia University that Mrs. Roberts had reported to her that Hughes and Roberts had held extended, private conversations during that visit. It has been argued by some scholars that the visit took place during the summer of 1936, shortly after the Court had invalidated New York State’s minimum wage law for women in Morehead v. New York ex rel. Tipaldo, with some scholars suggesting that in those conversations Hughes was responding to the public outcry following that decision by attempting to persuade his junior colleague to be more supportive of social and regulatory legislation in future cases. In our exchange, Professor Ernst argues that the visit in question took place in the summer of 1936. I contend that the preponderance of the evidence locates the visit during the summer of 1935, nearly a year before Tipaldo was decided, in which case the conversations that Secretary Perkins described could not have proceeded as some have speculated they may have.
Potential Routes and Mitigation Strategies for Contamination in Interfacial Specific Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Studies

Attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) is a powerful tool for probing the electrochemical interface; however, inconsistencies in reported spectr...
25. KEYSTONES OF DEVELOPMENT ONLINE RESIDENCY CURRICULUM: WEAVING ATTACHMENT, AUTONOMY, AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION INTO WELL-CHILD VISITS, BIRTH TO 5.

Background Research has identified specific parenting behaviors that promote children's cognitive, social and emotional health. Per the AAP, pediatricians should counsel on these behaviors, but they may not do so without formal training during residency. An e-learning curriculum allows dissemination to multiple programs with little demand on faculty while providing a flexible learning experience for residents. Objectives To assess the likability and efficacy of an online resident curriculum focused on improving residents’ ability to promote positive parenting behaviors that foster optimal child development in their primary care practice. Methods/Design In this pilot study, pediatric residents at 5 institutions completed the Keystones of Development, an online 13-module curriculum, in their behavior and development rotation. We used a pre-posttest study design to assess intervention effect of self-reported behavioral outcomes (discussing, modeling, and praising positive parenting practices) and predictors of behavior with paired t-tests. Likability and use were assessed at posttest using a 5-point Likert scale. Results 24 pediatric residents (mean age=28.4yrs;79% female) participated. Within one-month post-intervention, there was a large statistically significant increase in the counseling behaviors that promote positive parenting, specifically, discussing (p Conclusion The Keystones of Development online curriculum was well received by pediatric residents and resulted in increased promotion of positive parenting practices during well-child visits. This study yields promising results that suggest benefits to the field through wider dissemination and use.
Is Balaam Also among the Non-Disabled?:

There have been few, if any, exegetically based arguments for why we should interpret biblical characters as non-disabled if the text mentions their involvement in an accident or states that they s...
The Role of Sensemaking and Organizational Identification in Employee Engagement for Sustainability

This exploratory study examines how sensemaking and organizational identification occur inside an organization and how they can affect how employees engage in managing for sustainability. Qualitati...
Evaluating S100B as a serum biomarker for central neurosarcoidosis.

Abstract Background S100B is a calcium-binding protein found primarily in glial cells. In the setting of neuronal injury and disruption of the blood brain barrier, S100B can leak into the cerebrospinal fluid and systemic circulation. Objectives To determine if serum S100B distinguishes patients with central neurosarcoidosis (NS) from patients with extra-neurologic sarcoidosis (ENS) and healthy controls, and if S100B levels correlate with MRI measures of disease burden. Methods Patients were enrolled from the Cleveland Clinic Sarcoidosis Center. Patients with traumatic brain injury, central nervous system (CNS) infections, CNS malignancy, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or melanoma were excluded. S100B levels were compared between patients with NS, ENS, and healthy controls, and between NS patients with varying degrees of post-contrast enhancement on MRI. Results Median (interquartile range) S100B levels were 101 pg/mL (92, 136) for 11 NS patients, 89 pg/mL (73, 107) for 11 ENS patients, and 60 pg/mL (39, 74) for 26 healthy controls. There was a significant difference between NS and control groups (p = 0.01). The difference between NS and ENS groups did not rise to the level of statistical significance (p = 0.178). S100B levels were significantly different between NS patients with varying degrees of enhancement on MRI (p = 0.04). Conclusions S100B deserves additional study as a biomarker for CNS injury in NS. It may be useful as a longitudinal measure of disease activity.
Communications via Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar in Millimeter Wave Band

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) is widely used in radar systems to measure range and speed due to its low cost, outstanding reliability and full automation. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to enable the communication functionality of millimeter wave (mmWave) FMCW radar. The symbol is modulated by the frequency slope of chirp pulse, when matched filter based approach is used to demodulate the information symbol. Theoretical analysis is provided for the upper bound of the symbol error rate by introducing the Fresnel integral. Based on the measurements of our mmWave FMCW radar test bed, a detailed simulation is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework.
Paint a Better Mood? Effects of Makeup Use on YouTube Beauty Influencers’ Self-Esteem:

Although 90% of women between the ages of 18 and 29 report using makeup, research on the motivation and effects of makeup use on self-esteem is lacking. The purposes of this qualitative study is to...
A tale of three SARS-CoV-2 variants with independently acquired P681H mutations in New York State

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have independently acquired some of the same Spike protein mutations - notably E484K, N501Y, S477N, and K417T - associated with increased viral transmission and/or reduced sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies. Repeated evolution of the same mutations, particularly in variants that are now rapidly spreading in various regions of the world, suggests a fitness advantage. Mutations at position P681 in Spike - possibly affecting viral transmission - have also evolved multiple times, including in two variants of concern. Here, we describe three variants circulating in New York State that have independently acquired a P681H mutation and the different trajectories they have taken. While one variant rose to high prevalence since later summer 2020 it appears to be in decline. The other two variants were more recently detected in New York and harbor additional Spike mutations that might be cause for continued monitoring. The latter two P681H variants have shown moderate increases in prevalence but ultimately all might be subject to the same fate as more competitive variants come to dominate the scene.
The prospect of orally administered monoclonal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies to prevent enteric bacterial infections

Eliminating diarrheal diseases as a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will require multiple intervention strategies. In this review, we spotlight a series of preclinical studies investigating the potential of orally administered monoclonal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies (MAbs) to reduce disease associated with three enteric bacterial pathogens: Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. IgA MAbs targeting bacterial surface antigens (flagella, adhesins, and lipopolysaccharide) were generated from mice, humanized mice, and human tonsillar B cells. Recombinant SIgA1 and/or SIgA2 derivates of those MAbs were purified from supernatants following transient transfection of 293 cells with plasmids encoding antibody heavy and light chains, J-chain, and secretory component (SC). When administered to mice by gavage immediately prior to (or admixed with) the bacterial challenge, SIgA MAbs reduced infection C. jejuni, ETEC, and S. Typhimurium infections. Fv-matched IgG1 MAbs by comparison were largely ineffective against C. jejuni and S. Typhimurium under the same conditions, although they were partially effective against ETEC. While these findings highlight future applications of orally administered SIgA, the studies also underscored the fundamental challenges associated with using MAbs as prophylactic tools against enteric bacterial diseases.
Diurnal mRNA fluctuations of nuclear and plastid genes in developing tomato fruits.

Abstract Steady-state transcript levels of nuclear (rbcS, cab) and plastid (rbcL, psbA) encoded photosynthesis-specific genes were determined at noon and 05.00 h in different developmental stages of tomato fruits (7-35 days after anthesis). Small alterations are observed in mRNA levels for the small subunit (ssu) and large subunit (lsu) of RuBPC/Oase and the QB-binding protein of photosystem II at these two time-points, while significant steady-state transcript level fluctuations are detectable for the light harvesting complex protein. LHCP II transcripts accumulate during the day, and decline to low levels during the night. In contrast, the LHC II protein levels remain constant during the same period of development. A detailed analysis of transcript levels of the nuclear and plastid genes at 4-h intervals throughout a 38-h period demonstrates that LHCP II mRNA accumulation is highest at noon and lowest at 04.00 h. The transcripts of the ssu and lsu of RuBPC/Oase, photosystem I and II reaction center proteins, as well as the beta-subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase and the beta-subunit of tubulin, accumulate during the night and decrease to low levels in the afternoon. The transcript levels of the genes examined in this study fluctuate with certain periodicities. We suggest that gene expression in developing tomato fruits is at least partially controlled by diurnal rhythms, which are therefore also operational in other organs, besides leaves, of higher plants.
Tryptophanyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase of Escherichia coli II. MOLECULAR WEIGHT, SUBUNIT STRUCTURE, SULFHYDRYL CONTENT, AND SUBSTRATE-BINDING PROPERTIES

Abstract The molecular weight of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli is 74,000 by Sephadex gel filtration and 81,000 by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel filtration in 8 m urea reveal subunits of 37,000 in molecular weight. In addition only one protein band is observed after polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the presence if 8 m urea. By these criteria the enzyme is a dimer composed of subunits identical in mass and charge. The enzyme catalyzes synthesis of the unusual product, tryptophanyl adenosine triphosphate ester (tryptophanyl-ATP). In attempts to form complexes with tryptophan, ATP, and enzyme we recovered the enzyme in a complex with tryptophanyl-ATP, 1.7 to 1.8 moles of tryptophanyl-ATP per mole of active enzyme. A symmetric dimer model was supported by studies with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The reagent detected two sulfhydryl groups per mole of enzyme, and both thiols reacted with the same first order rate constant. The sulfhydryl groups were essential for enzymatic activity and were protected from 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) by tryptophan and ATP together but not individually. A complex of tryptophanyl-tRNA-enzyme (0.9:1.0) is isolable by sucrose gradient centrifugation.
Design of a high resolution and high sensitivity scintillation crystal array with nearly perfect light collection

Spatial resolution improvements in Positron Emission Tomography can be achieved by developing detector arrays with finer resolution elements. To maintain high sensitivity and image quality, the challenge is to develop a finely pixellated scintillation crystal array with both high detection efficiency and high light collection. High detection efficiency means the crystals must be relatively long and tightly packed. Extracting a high fraction of the available scintillation light from the ends of long and skinny crystals proves to be very difficult and there is a strong variation with light source depth. The result is inadequate energy resolution. To facilitate light collection, the crystals must be highly polished, which significantly increases costs and complexity. In this paper we examine this poor light collection phenomenon in more detail. We also describe a novel solution we are developing for readout of an array of 1/spl times/1/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ crystals using avalanche photodiodes (APD). We demonstrate through optical photon tracking simulations that the crystal light collection for this new design is nearly perfect (/spl ges/95%) and is independent of the crystal length, width, and surface treatment and origin of the light created.