cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organization of cortical microfilaments in dividing root cells

In order to assess the possible role of microfilaments (Mfs) in events preceding plant cell division, actin was localized in root cells of Allium cepa and Tradescantia virginiana by immunofluorescence microscopy. The distribution of Mfs was compared to that of microtubules (Mts) by means of dual localizations employing both antiactin and antitubulin. Cycling interphase cells contain Mfs that extend into all regions of the cytoplasm in random fashion. Prior to the rearrangement of the cortical Mt array into the initial broad preprophase band (PPB), the number of Mfs in the cytoplasm decreases, while a new population appears in the cortex. The cortical Mfs, which usually occupy the entire cell surface, are aligned parallel to the cortical Mts. When the initial PPB appears, these Mfs still cover the cortex or are arranged as a broad band encompassing the PPB. As the PPB narrows, the Mfs are also confined to an increasingly restricted zone usually wider than the PPB.than the PPB. When the PPB reaches its narrowest, densest configuration, aligned Mfs are excluded from the band proper, while others appear in flanking regions of the cortex. From prometaphase through anaphase, cortical Mfs are largely restricted to the ends of the cell overlying the spindle poles; they also tend to become more randomly oriented. Little or no actin is present in the spindle. During telophase, the two zones of aligned cortical Mfs over the ends of the cell gradually disappear and are replaced by new interphase networks. These changes provide additional data on the possible control of PPB organization by actin, and in addition indicate that the cortex may be the origin of the actin that aggregates at the spindle poles during cytochalasin treatment. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extra-tropospheric influences on ultra-short-wave radar operation

The influence of the ionosphere on ultra-short-wave radar operation is briefly discussed and an account is given of recent investigations on galactic radio noise and solar radio noise. Unwanted effects from both the ionosphere and extra-terrestrial noise sources are found to be less appreciable as the wavelength decreases.
Benevolent Intervention or Oppression Perpetuated: Minority Overrepresentation in Children's Services

Abstract Recent efforts prompted by both federal legislation and private lawsuits have directed the attention of bureaucrats, researchers, and practitioners to the existence of a disturbing and persistent phenomenon: the overrepresentation of minorities among children in state custody. The 1988 reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 recognized and legitimized the disproportionate representation of minorities in secure confinement as a national problem. Lawsuits and research projects in several states have identified a similar problem within the dependency system. Research from both fields has identified potentially devastating consequences for children who are placed in state custody by either system. These consequences may be devastating not only for individual children, but may actually serve to perpetuate many of the conditions generated by oppressive histories such as slavery, discriminatory immigration practices, and prejudicial legislation. These issues are cr...
Local Option Sales Tax (LOST) Policy on the Urban Fringe

Many state legislatures grant local governments the authority to enact sales taxes on retail sales transactions that occur within local juris- dictions. Local government reliance on these local option sales tax (LOST) revenues is increa sing. In many states, including Oklahoma, municipal governments are unrestricted as to the LOST rate that can be imposed. The ability to generate LOST revenues, however, may depend on many factors outside a local government's domain, including prox- imity to large, urban retail centers, and tax competition from other locali- ties. This paper investigates aspects of LOST policy for municipal gov- ernments located on the urban fringe using all Oklahoma municipalities that imposed a LOST from 1990 to 2001. An important finding is that the revenue impact of increasing LOST rates (i.e., the LOST tax elasticity) depends on the urban influence measure. The implications are impor- tant for guiding nonmetropolitan municipal governments in the deter- mination of LOST policy
How the immune system spots tumors

The receptor protein Dectin-1 recognizes structures found on cancerous cells, and then triggers an anti-tumor immune response.
An Extraordinary Maximizing Utilitarianism

This chapter interprets John Stuart Mill’s liberal version of utilitarianism, which is extraordinary in at least three respects. First, Mill distinguishes among different kinds of utilities conceived as pleasant feelings (including relief from pain) of different intrinsic qualities irrespective of quantity. A feeling of security associated with the moral sentiment of justice is said to be higher in quality as pleasure than any competing kind of pleasure, where justice is conceived in terms of a social code that distributes and sanctions equal rights and duties for all who have a voice in constructing the rules. Second, the utilitarian aggregation procedure is restricted to this higher moral kind of utility and may be depicted as a social welfare functional which operates within a limited sphere of morality and law. The sole purpose of the aggregation procedure is to generate an optimal social code of justice so that individuals are then free from coercive interference to act and pursue non-moral kinds of pleasures in accordance with their optimal rights and duties recognized under the code. Finally, Mill never discusses a standard utilitarian aggregation mechanism and seems instead to have in mind a democratic voting procedure, which can be seen as a purely ordinalist utilitarian procedure, for aggregating over the higher moral kind of utilities expressed by moral individuals who are competently acquainted with the different kinds of utilities.
Demographic and lifestyle variables associated with obesity

Objective: Overweight and obesity rates are associated with chronic diseases and higher rates of disability and continue to rise in the United States and worldwide. The purpose of this study was to...
Financing Higher Education in Australia

Even before Australian lawmakers abolished university tuition in 1973, students in Australia had long benefited from low tuition and large government subsidies. By the early 1980s, however, the nation's universities faced growing budget challenges and an apparent shortage of capacity as demand for higher education surged. Policymakers, cognizant of a growing budget deficit as well as a hard-hitting recession, hesitated to provide increased funding to higher education. The debate over how best to finance Australian higher education finally came to a head in the late 1980s, following publication of the Report of the Committee on Higher Education Funding (commonly known as the Wran Report). Although the Wran Committee had considered several potential funding schemes, it ultimately proposed a radical system in which students would pay tuition financed through income-contingent loans provided by the government. The Wran Report proved to be of particular interest to the Australian Prime Minister, Robert Hawke. The government's fiscal position seemed to demand that educational financing be overhauled, but there was no consensus on how best to do this. Could the Prime Minister convince his Australian Labor Party to abandon the free-education plank in its platform? And even if he could, how could he be sure that the Wran Committee's strategy was the right one and that its recommendations were workable? Would following an American model of full tuition for higher education and government-guaranteed student loans make more sense? These were just a few of the questions that the Prime Minister confronted as he contemplated new approaches for financing higher education in Australia.Learning Objective:To explore the financing of higher education and a range of public policy options toward this end, including income-contingent lending.
STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE: current perspectives and potential roles in cardiac function and pathology

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is critical for Ca2+ signaling in nonexcitable cells; however, its role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis has only recently been investigated. The increased understanding of the role of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in regulating SOCE combined with recent studies demonstrating the presence of STIM1 in cardiomyocytes provides support that this pathway co-exists in the heart with the more widely recognized Ca2+ handling pathways associated with excitation-contraction coupling. There is now substantial evidence that STIM1-mediated SOCE plays a key role in mediating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, both in vitro and in vivo, and there is growing support for the contribution of SOCE to Ca2+ overload associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the molecular regulation of SOCE and discuss the evidence supporting the role of STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE in regulating cardiomyocyte function.
Reciprocity and Dating Explaining the Effects of Favor and Status on Compliance With a Date Request

A robust finding in compliance-seeking message effects research is that providing an unsolicited favor to a target before making a direct request for compliance is more effective than a direct request alone. Explaining this effect, however, has proven a more elusive goal. Most existing studies either do not examine potential mediators of the favor-compliance relationship or restrict their focus to one or two potential mediators. In this study, the authors extend compliance research by testing five potential explanations for the favor-compliance relationship and examine the relationship in an untested context, a cross-sex date request. We also examine the impact of another important predictor of compliance, socioeconomic status (SES). Findings suggest that favor and SES interact to affect compliance with a date request and that the positive affective mechanisms of gratitude, liking, and physical attraction best explain these effects. Implications for understanding human reciprocal behavior and its explanat...
Radiant heat transfer in packed beds

The effective scattering and absorption cross sections were determined from measurements of radiant transmission through isothermal beds of glass, aluminum oxide, steel and silicon carbide spheres, cylinders, and irregular grains. The radiant conductivities were calculated from these cross sections. Back scattering was found to be the principal mechanism of attenuation for all of the packings. Absorption was a significant mechanism only for the silicon carbide grains. At 2,000°F. The radiant contribution to the total heat flux was estimated to vary from 35% for the silicon carbide packings to 85% for the glass packings.
A tangible platform for documenting experiences and sharing multimedia stories

Stories are a cultural universal that allow us to reflect on the way we live. Through the act of storytelling, we structure and express our personal experiences and understandings of the world in a form that can be passed on to others -- as words, imagery, sounds and gestures. In today's increasingly digital and networked society, we can create media platforms that allow our personal stories to become public and shared. In this paper, we present a tangible platform that has been designed to support the sharing of collaboratively constructed multimedia stories in a social setting. We discuss the way this platform was used in two large-scale personalized storytelling workshops, and examine how it served to engage participants in a self-reflective story revealing process.
The dosimetry of 60Co total body irradiation

Abstract The dosimetry characteristics of a single source 60 Co total body irradiation (TBI) facility have been studied. The dose distribution for AP-PA irradiation in an adult size and an infant size phantom was measured in detail using thermoluminescent dosimeters. A 10% homogeneity relative to the midline dose was found over most of the body. An increase of 10% relative to midline dose was noted in the thoracic region because of lower density lung tissue. A relative decrease of more than 10% was found in the head region because of the reduced beam intensity away from the central axis and reduced scatter volume. Dose in the abdomen was homogeneous to ± 5%.
Molecular Genetic Approaches to the Study of Human Cardiovascular Disease

For most of the twentieth century, disorders of the cardiovascular system have been the leading cause of death in developed countries; this burden will be magnified as traditional cultures become more westernized. Cardio­ vascular disorders , like those that affect virtual ly all other organs systems, are comprised of many rare conditions and far fewer relatively common ones. The rare disorders become evident over a wide age spectrum, but often emerge early in life, and many are congenital. Teratogen exposures, defects in single genes and chromosome aberrations, account for the majority of early-onset cardiovascular diseases. The common disorders, on the other hand, are more likely to be diagnosed in adulthood and to have no single identifiable cause. For decades the familial predisposition to common dis­ orders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus has been well appreciated. While relatives share environment and experiences, which could account for exaggerated familial risks, considerable evidence from studies of nuclear pedigrees and twins has pointed to genes as the principal determinants of familial predispositions. Given that about 500 genes, or nearly 10% of all human genes catalogued, have been associated with human cardiovascular phenotypes (76), it is likely that all diseases of the heart and
Ambulatory physical activity performance in youth with cerebral palsy and youth who are developing typically.

Background and Purpose Assessment of walking activity in youth with cerebral palsy (CP) has traditionally been “capacity-based.” The purpose of this study was to describe the day-to-day ambulatory activity “performance” of youth with CP compared with youth who were developing typically. Subjects Eighty-one youth with CP, aged 10 to 13 years, who were categorized as being in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III and 30 age-matched youth who were developing typically were recruited. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, participants wore the StepWatch monitor for 7 days while documenting average daily total step counts, percentage of time they were active, ratio of medium to low activity levels, and percentage of time at high activity levels. Results The youth with CP demonstrated significantly lower levels of all outcomes than the comparison group. Discussion and Conclusion Daily walking activity and variability decreased as functional walking level (GMFCS level) decreased. Ambulatory activity performance within the context of the daily life for youth with CP appears valid and feasible as an outcome for mobility interventions in CP.
Chronic ethanol intake alters circadian period-responses to brief light pulses in rats.

Although chronic alcohol intake is associated with widespread disruptions of sleep‐wake cycles and other daily biological rhythms in both human alcoholics and experimental animals, the extent to which the chronobiological effects of alcohol are mediated by effects on the underlying circadian pacemaker remains unknown. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that both adult and perinatal ethanol treatments may alter the free‐running period and photic responsiveness of the circadian pacemaker. The present experiment was designed to further characterize the effects of chronic ethanol intake on the response of the rat circadian pacemaker to brief light pulses. Ethanol‐treated and control animals were exposed to 15‐min light pulses during either early or late subjective night on the first day of constant darkness following entrainment to a 12:12 light‐dark cycle. Relative to pulses delivered during early subjective night and to “no‐pulse” conditions, light pulses delivered during late subjective night resulted i...
Molecular Identification Key for Pest Species of Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Effective plant quarantine and biological control initiatives require rapid and accurate identification of exotic and potentially invasive taxa that may cause high economic losses or environmental damage. The genus Scirtothrips Shull includes several species that are serious agricultural pests, and, because of their minute size and cryptic behavior, prone to undetected transport through international trade of plant material. Although assigning specimens to the genus Scirtothrips is straightforward using traditional taxonomic methods, identification of species is much more difficult and requires expert knowledge of the genus. Furthermore, the validity of some Scirtothrips species is questionable. Therefore, an easy, accurate, and highly reliable technique is desirable for Scirtothrips identification. Here, we provide a simple molecular key based on the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Individual specimens can be identified by amplification of their ITS1 and ITS2 regions with general primers and determining the size of the products by using standard agarose gel electrophoresis, followed in some instances by DNA digestion with the restriction enzymes SacII or PspOM I. The advantage of this identification system is that nonspecialists are able to quickly and cheaply identify individual specimens. Material analyzed for this work was collected in the United States (California), India, South Africa, Kenya, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Australia, New Zealand and Raiatea (Society Islands French Polynesia). We have identified seven pest species with the molecular-based methods described here. It is hoped that this system can be extended to other members of the genus as their ITS1 and ITS2 sequences become available. We also provide molecular confirmation for two new Scirtothrips species, one species from Honduras and one species from New Zealand.
Effects of Bathymetry, Friction, and Rotation on Estuary-Ocean Exchange

An analytical model that includes pressure gradient, friction, and the earth’s rotation in both components of the flow is used to study the transverse structure of estuarine exchange flows and the nature of transverse circulation in estuaries of arbitrary bathymetry. Analytical results are obtained for generic bathymetry and also over real depth distributions and are compared with observations. This study extends previous efforts on the topic of transverse structure of density-induced exchange flows in three main aspects: 1) the analytical model explores any arbitrary bathymetry; 2) the results reflect transverse asymmetries, relative to a midchannel centerline, associated with the effects of the earth’s rotation; and 3) the transverse circulation produced by the analytical model is examined in detail. Analytical results over generic bathymetry show, in addition to the already reported dependence of exchange flow structure on the Ekman number, two new features. First, the transverse structure of along-estuary flows shows the earth’s rotation effects, even in relatively narrow systems, thus producing transverse asymmetries in these flows. The asymmetries disappear under strongly frictional (high Ekman number) conditions, thus illustrating the previously documented pattern of inflow in channels and outflows over shoals for typical estuaries. Second, transverse flows resemble a ‘‘sideways gravitational circulation’’ when frictional effects are apparent (Ekman number greater than ;0.1) responding to a transverse balance between pressure gradient and friction. These transverse flows reverse direction under very weak friction and reflect Coriolis deflection of along-estuary flows, that is, geostrophic dynamics. All examples of observed flows are satisfactorily explained by the dynamics included in the analytical model.
Low-level visual attention and its relation to joint attention in autism spectrum disorder

Visual attention is integral to social interaction and is a critical building block for development in other domains (e.g., language). Furthermore, atypical attention (especially joint attention) is one of the earliest markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study assesses low-level visual attention and its relation to social attentional processing in youth with ASD and typically developing (TD) youth, aged 7 to 18 years. The findings indicate difficulty overriding incorrect attentional cues in ASD, particularly with non-social (arrow) cues relative to social (face) cues. The findings also show reduced competition in ASD from cues that remain on-screen. Furthermore, social attention, autism severity, and age were all predictors of competing cue processing. The results suggest that individuals with ASD may be biased towards speeded rather than accurate responding, and further, that reduced engagement with visual information may impede responses to visual attentional cues. Once attention is engaged, individuals with ASD appear to interpret directional cues as meaningful. These findings from a controlled, experimental paradigm were mirrored in results from an ecologically valid measure of social attention. Attentional difficulties may be exacerbated during the complex and dynamic experience of actual social interaction. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Cracking the brain’s genetic code

In PNAS, Fjell et al. (1) reveal a remarkable connection between genetics and neuroscience—a new discovery that reveals how genes shape our path through life. Their article draws thought-provoking links between modern genetics and how our brains develop, and even how we age: They find unsuspected patterns in how our genetic code drives childhood development; these patterns may even explain why our brains decline in characteristic ways late in life.
Asymptotic Stability Analysis of Viscoelastic Systems

Based on the equivalent energy stability criteria formulated elsewhere by the writer and by others, three approximate techniques are presented herein for the asymptotic stability analysis of the equilibrium of viscoelastic or damped elastic systems subjected to nonconservative and gyroscopic forces. Two of them give sufficient stability loads while the third, which is analogous to the familiar Rayleigh-Ritz method, provides approximate critical loads. It is shown that the Ritz method yields reasonably good results if dissipative (damping) forces are finite. However, further effort must be made to improve the lower bound of the approximate critical loads, which here are shown to be, in general, smaller, or at the most equal to the minimum actual critical load.
Facial injuries in sports F=MV2

Abstract Facial injuries should be diagnosed with regard to fractures as well as lacerations. Appearance, examination, palpation, testing of occlusion and roentgenograms are needed. Fractures are best reduced early, along with closure of lacerations. Lacerations should be cleanly prepared with minimal debridement saving all tissue, and closed in layers to avoid scarring, distortion and abnormality of function.
Evaluation of pea accessions and commercial cultivars for fusarium root rot resistance

Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (Fsp) can result in major yield losses in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Currently no fungicides effectively manage this disease. Previous studies evaluated the Pisum germplasm collection for resistance to Fsp, however, evaluations of commercial market classes of pea cultivars grown in the US, and elsewhere, have not been reported. This study evaluated pea accessions and commercial cultivars for Fsp resistance under greenhouse conditions. Accessions evaluated included pigmented lines with high levels of partial resistance to Fsp. Based on root disease severity (RDS) values, the most Fsp-resistant Austrian winter, green fresh, green dry, yellow dry, green winter and yellow winter pea were: PI 125673, 5003, ‘Banner’, ‘Carneval’, PS 05300234, and ‘Whistler’, respectively. Genotypes with a RDS value of 3.05, on a 0–6 scale with 6 being severe, or less had no significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in plant height, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, compared to non-inoculated controls, establishing an important disease threshold value for pea breeders. Plant height, more than shoot dry weight or root dry weight, was the most highly negatively correlated growth parameter related to RDS in repeated tests based on Pearson’s Correlation coefficients. However, root dry weight was also a highly sensitive growth parameter affected by Fsp since 14 of 33 genotypes had significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in root dry weight compared to non-inoculated controls, while only 5 of 33 genotypes had significant reductions in plant height and/or shoot dry weight in combined tests.
The Love of a Woman and a Nation: Desire, Progress, and Reform in Salim al-Bustani's Al-Huyam fi Jinan al-Sham

Discusses the formative influences on Salim al-Bustani's novel "Al-Huyam fi Jinan al-Sham" (Passion in the Damascene Gardens), often considered the first modern Arabic novel. "Salim's romance expresses how Arabic literature was a fundamental space in which to contest colonial intrusions and, in so doing, configure new possibilities for an Arab subjective ideal, that can be both progressive and authentic."
Atypical benign migratory glossitis: Report of a case with histologic and electron microscopic evaluations

A case of benign migratory glossitis atypically confined to only one side of the tongue is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeated histopathologic evaluation. Electron microscopic studies revealed a striking intimacy between sensory nerve processes and the basal lamina of the lingual epithelium.
Directions and beliefs of self-presentational bias

The target article tends to conflate self-deception and self-enhancement, but biased self-presentation can be negative as well as positive. Self-deceiving self-diminishers may be depressed and non-self-deceiving self-diminishers may project false modesty. The article's otherwise brilliant argument for the advantages of self-deceptive self-enhancement for deceiving others may underemphasize the risks it entails for poor decision making.
Maturation of auditory neural processes in autism spectrum disorder - A longitudinal MEG study.

Background Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical brain activity, perhaps due to delayed maturation. Previous studies examining the maturation of auditory electrophysiological activity have been limited due to their use of cross-sectional designs. The present study took a first step in examining magnetoencephalography (MEG) evidence of abnormal auditory response maturation in ASD via the use of a longitudinal design.
Frequency-Resolved Range/Doppler Coherent LIDAR with a Femtosecond Fiber Laser

We present a frequency-resolved coherent LIDAR (FReCL) based on a frequency comb source that provides higher performance than that of conventional pulsed range/Doppler LIDARs, reduces local oscillator timing requirements, and compensates for path dispersion.
Reversible, Light Induced Changes in a-Si:H Films and Solar Cells

Continuous progress is being made in the conversion efficiencies of a-Si:H solar cells and efficiencies in excess of 11% have been achieved. Because of these advances and the development of a-Si:H cell technologies there is an increased interest in the long term performance of a-Si:H cells and the mechanisms responsible for their degradation. The reversible light-induced changes in a-Si:H solar cells are generally associated with the Staebler-Wronski effect (SWE) (1). This effect has been studied on a wide range of a-Si:H materials using a variety of different experimental techniques and this talk reviews the results that have been obtained on a-Si:H films and solar cells (2). It discusses in greater detail recent studies on a-Si:H solar cell structures in which simultanous measurements have been made on the changes in both the photovoltaic properties as well as their electronic properties and densities of gap states. In particular it focuses on several results obtained with semitransparent metal-undoped a-Si:H Schottky barrier solar cell structures (3).
Complementation analyses of Pseudomonas solanacearum extracellular polysaccharide mutants and identification of genes responsive to EpsR

Many plant-pathogenic bacteria require extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) for successful infection. For example, mutations tht prevent EPS production in the bacterial wilt pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum, will reduce the ability to wilt plants. While several P. solanacearum EPS genes have been identified and characterized, a systematic analysis of EPS mutants has not previously been performed. We have screened over 12,000 transposon-tagged mutants and categorized 66EPS::lacZ mutants into nine complementation sets. Five of these are composed of previously characterized EPS structural and regulatory loci; four contain newly described EPS loci. One of the four novel complementation sets has been determined to be defective for both EPS and lipopolysaccharide production. We also used the EPS::lacZ mutants to examine the interaction between P. solanacearum EPS genes. Overexpression of the previously described regulator EpsR was found to down-regulate the expression of genes encoding production of the major acidic form EPS.
Bioavailability and biochemical effects of diclofenac sodium 0.1% ophthalmic solution in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Objective To determine if topical ophthalmic diclofenac sodium 0.1% solution alters renal parameters in the domestic chicken, and to determine if the drug is detectable in plasma after topical ophthalmic administration. Animals Thirty healthy domestic chickens. Procedures Over 7 days, six birds were treated unilaterally with one drop of artificial tear solution (group 1), 12 birds were treated unilaterally (group 2) and 12 bilaterally (group 3) with diclofenac sodium 0.1% ophthalmic solution. Treatments were provided every 12 h in all groups. Pre- and post-treatment plasma samples from all birds were evaluated for changes in albumin, total protein, and uric acid. Post-treatment samples of all birds, collected 15 min post-administration, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for diclofenac sodium detection. A randomly selected renal sample from each group was submitted for histopathologic review. Results Changes in pre- and post-treatment plasma albumin were significant (P < 0.05) in groups 2 and 3, but not for group 1. Pre- and post-treatment changes in total protein and uric acid were not significant for any group. Diclofenac sodium was not detectable (limit of detection = 0.10 ng/mL) in plasma samples from birds in group 1. Post-treatment concentration of diclofenac in group 3 was statistically greater than group 2 (P = 0.0008). Histopathologic changes did not identify diclofenac-induced acute renal tubular necrosis. Conclusions Ophthalmic diclofenac sodium 0.1% administered topically every 12 h in one or both eyes for 7 days is detectable in systemic circulation in the domestic chicken, but does not cause overt significant changes in plasma uric acid or total protein.
Flexible germanium nanomembrane metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes

We demonstrate flexible Ge nanomembrane (Ge NM) based metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes. The effect of uniaxial tensile strain on Ge NM based photodiodes was investigated using bending fixtures. Dark current density is decreased from 21.5 to 4.8 mA/cm2 at 3 V by a tensile strain of 0.42% while photon responsivity is increased from 0.2 to 0.45 A/W at the wavelength of 1.5 μm. Enhanced responsivity is also observed at longer wavelengths up to 1.64 μm. The uniaxial tensile strain effectively reduces the direct bandgap energy of the Ge NM, leading to a shift of the absorption edge toward a longer wavelength.
Combined transcatheter aortic valve implantation and type II endoleak repair after endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm

This report describes an elderly severe aortic stenosis (AS) patient, who had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and endovascular repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Type II endoleak with enlargement of AAA was diagnosed and ligation of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) was recommended. Because aortic valve replacement (AVR) was high risk, we planned transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Considering risks of IMA ligation under dual antiplatelet therapy, increased blood pressure after TAVI, and general anesthesia, we performed combined TAVI and IMA ligation. TAVI could be useful for AS patients who are at high risk for AVR before non-cardiac surgery.
Dynamic hysteresis in a coherent high-β nanolaser

The quest for an integrated light source that promises high energy efficiency and a fast modulation for high-performance photonic circuits has led to the development of room-temperature telecom-wavelength nanoscale lasers with a high spontaneous emission factor β. The coherence characterization of this type of laser using the conventional measurement of output light intensity versus input pump intensity is inherently difficult due to the diminishing kink in the measurement curve. We demonstrate that the transition from incoherent to coherent emission of a high-β pulse-pump metallo-dielectric nanolaser can be determined by examining the width of a second-order intensity correlation peak that shrinks below and broadens above the threshold. Our photon fluctuation study, the first ever reported for this type of nanolaser, confirms the validity of this measurement technique. Additionally, we show that the width variation above the threshold results from the delayed threshold phenomenon, providing the first observation of dynamical hysteresis in a nanolaser.
Flavopiridol, a transcription inhibitor, induces apoptosis in multiple Myeloma

3788 Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease and even with the current therapies, the median lifespan after diagnosis is approximately three years; thus, it is imperative that new therapies be developed. These new therapies could be targeted on molecules that act as survival factors for MM. Previous studies have shown that MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor plays an important role in survival, migration, and proliferation of MM cells. In addition, our studies suggested that in MM1.S cells, transcription inhibition of MET expression promotes cytotoxicity (Proc. AACR 46:5878, 2005). Flavopiridol is a drug that impedes transcription initiation and elongation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the heptamer repeats at serine residues 2, 5, and 7 in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which also is an indolent B-cell neoplasia, RNA directed therapies, such as flavopiridol, have shown a lot of promise and are now being pursued in the clinic for the treatment of this disease (Clin. Cancer Res. 11:4176, 2005). Therefore, this current study was done using MM1.S to determine if flavopiridol can be effective in inducing apoptosis in the MM cell line by inhibiting transcription of MET. When analyzed for [ 3 H]-uridine incorporation, 1 μM and 3 μM flavopiridol treatment of MM.1S cells inhibited total RNA synthesis, in a dose and time dependent manner. At 6 hrs with 1 μM flavopiridol, there was a 40% decrease of RNA synthesis and at a 3 μM, there was a 70% decrease. At 24 hrs for both these concentrations, there was more than a 90% reduction of RNA synthesis. Concurrent to the RNA synthesis inhibition, flavopiridol inhibited the phosphorylation of the serine residues 2 and 5 of the heptamers in CTD as demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. To determine if total RNA synthesis will diminish MET transcripts, real-time (RT) PCR assays were done on total RNA. These data showed that MET transcripts decreased with the treatment of flavopiridol. At 12 hrs of treatment with flavopiridol, there was a reduction of MET transcripts by more than 60% with both 1 μM and 3 μM. Furthermore, flavopiridol was able to rapidly induce apoptosis in MM1.S cells, which was seen as PARP cleavage in as little as 4 hrs at both concentrations. At 20 hrs, there was almost total PARP cleavage at 1 μM. Whereas, at about 16 hrs there was complete PARP cleavage at 3 μM. Consequently, flavopiridol shows strong potential as being an effective therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma that targets MET.
Shadow stereo -- locating object boundaries using shadows

Shadows are a useful source of information about object structure. Shadows cast under oblique lighting often indicate the location of the silhouette of an object. This paper describes a method for reliably detecting shadow edges corresponding to object edges. It is able to distinguish between detected edges due to shadows and those due to surface markings. The basis of the technique is to observe the differences in shadows due to changes in the direction of illumination. Analysis is further aided by a simple stereo technique that does not require a solution to the general correspondence problem. Both the multilight source and multi-camera methods can be implemented in an extremely efficient manner.
“A Cataract on the Zambezi”: The Waterfalls in Precolonial Context

When David Livingstone “discovered” Victoria Falls in 1855, he was part of a larger British mission to explore the parts of Africa still unknown to Europeans. British explorers were responsible for bringing Africa into the British public’s imagination and helped create a discourse about the future of the British Empire in Africa. Victoria Falls was a hugely significant find, in part because it was the renowned David Livingstone who identified and named it, but also because of the way early visitors described the Falls. To readers in South Africa and throughout Britain, Victoria Falls represented a place deemed mysterious, remote, and awe-inspiring. American and European readers too were enthralled with the site, made famous first by David Livingstone and the many others who followed. The writings, photographs, paintings, and sketches of the waterfalls produced by early travelers to the site stimulated and sustained mid-nineteenth-century enthusiasm for this notable feature of the south-central African landscape. Victoria Falls captured the attention and imagination of Britons and inspired British interest in African imperial expansion. There was enthusiasm to chart the unmapped sections of Africa and this activity was connected to a sense of British superiority. As one writer in 1864 surmised,
A National Survey of Service Providers Who Work with Young Children with Visual Impairments.

This survey sought to determine which service providers work with young children with visual impairments, the children they serve, their roles and responsibilities, and the professional competencie...
The children of converts: Beyond the first generation of contemporary Pagans:

Very little is known about the adult religious retention of children and adolescents in New Religious Movements (NRMs). The current study seeks to examine the factors that determine the success of ...
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and analysis of observational studies.

Objectives The goal of this study was to provide a systematic review and analysis of observational studies on percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion for stroke prophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Background A recent randomized controlled trial in patients with NVAF suggested noninferiority of percutaneous LAA occlusion versus medical management for stroke prevention. However, the use of percutaneous devices remains controversial because of limited literature on their efficacy and safety. We performed a systematic analytical review of existing observational studies to assess the rate of neurological events for patients treated with occlusion devices. Methods A comprehensive search of the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception through August 1, 2013, was conducted using pre-defined criteria. We included studies reporting implantation in at least 10 patients and a follow-up of 6 months or more. Results In 17 eligible studies, a total of 1,052 devices were implanted in 1,107 patients with 1,586.4 person-years (PY) of follow-up. The adjusted incidence rate of stroke was 0.7/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3 to 1.1/100 PY), of transient ischemic attacks was 0.5/100 PY (95% CI: 0.1 to 1.8/100 PY), and of combined neurological events (strokes or transient ischemic attacks) was 1.1/100 PY (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.6/100 PY). Access site vascular complications and pericardial effusion were the most commonly observed procedural complications at a rate of 8.6% (95% CI: 6.3% to 11.7%) and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.1% to 5.9%), respectively. Conclusions Our systematic review suggested comparable efficacy of LAA occlusion devices compared with historical controls treated with adjusted-dose warfarin and other anticoagulation strategies for prevention of stroke in patients with NVAF.
The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on conditional survival (CS) among patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

520Background: Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) with NAC for MIBC is associated with a favorable prognosis. Patients with pathologic residual disease (pRD) generally have poor outcomes. However, prognosis after radical cystectomy (RC) improves with ongoing survivorship. Whether the difference in prognosis of patients with pCR and pRD is sustained over time has not been explored. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for patients who received NAC and RC for clinically localized MIBC (cT2-T4aN0M0) between 2002-2010. We identified patients with pCR (</= pTis) and pRD. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, we assessed CS up to 5 years given survivorship of 0-4 years using log-rank test with multiple comparison adjustment. Results: The cohort comprised 1,554 patients (pCR: 314, pRD: 1,240). The median follow up was 2.38 (0.04-9.60) and 2.76 (0.01-9.97) years for pCR and pRD, respectively. Patients with pCR had lower stage (cT2= 79% vs. 72%; cT3= 14% vs. 18%; cT4= 7% vs. 10%), more recent diagno...
Preface: Special Topic on Ions in Water

This special topic contains a diverse collection of 40 articles that span the vast range of subjects that fall under the heading “Ions in Water,” a longstanding mainstay of chemical physics. The investigations reported herein employ state-of-the-art theoretical, computational, and experimental techniques, as well as combinations thereof, to provide new insights into the fundamental aspects of ion solvation and the important roles that ions play in mediating physicochemical processes occurring in solutions and at interfaces in a wide variety of settings relevant to biological, environmental, and technological applications.
A Generalized Approach for Determining Fuzzy Temporal Relations

Fuzzy temporal relations have been defined to support temporal knowledge representation and reasoning in the presence of fuzziness, which are still open issues. In this paper, we propose a generalized approach for determining fuzzy temporal relations assuming that fuzzy temporal intervals are all fuzzy. We firstly present the basics of representation of fuzzy temporal relations from two aspects: fuzzy time point and fuzzy time interval, and then give definitions of their fuzzy relations. On this basis, correspondences between fuzzy and crisp temporal relations are investigated. Finally, a general formalized algorithm for determining fuzzy temporal relations is proposed.
The Generalized Eigenproblem

These papers describe Stewart’s original and fundamental contributions on the generalized matrix eigenvalue problem. In these papers, Stewart systematically presented perturbation theory and sensitivity analysis for the problem, and (with Moler) introduced a landmark algorithm, namely the QT algorithm, for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Multitrophic interactions in wetlands infested by an invasive species Lythrum salicaria L.

The suitability of Myzus lythri (Schrank) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Galerucella calmariensis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), herbivores of purple loosestrife, for preimaginal development and survival of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) was quantified to provide a more complete understanding of predator-prey relationships in the purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) system. Individual first or second instar predators were assigned to one of four diets; 1) a control diet— Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) or a combination of A. pisum and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, 2) M lythri nymphs and adults, 3) G. calmariensis eggs, or 4) G. calmariensis larvae. Preimaginal survival of C. carnea was similar for all diets and ranged from 61-76% on G. calmariensis larvae, M lythri, and the control diet. Preimaginal survival of H. axyridis ranged from 27% on G. calmariensis larvae to over 80% on M. lythri and the control diet. Preimaginal survival of C. maculata was over 90% on M. lythri and the control diet. Harmonia axyridis larvae reared on G. calmariensis eggs and C. maculata larvae reared on G. calmariensis eggs or 1 Author for Correspondence 2 Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky
Abstract TP398: Hemodynamic Predictors of Early Neurological Worsening in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Early neurological worsening is common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and associated with increased morbidity. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that early hemodynamic factors are ...
Computational legal studies, digital humanities, and textual analysis

Digital humanities tools, designed to dissect and measure formal and topical elements of digitized texts, are well-suited to legal textual data. Legal studies can benefit from these tools, and also from the humanist sensibilities that inform them. Humanists are highly attuned to the importance of formal and stylistic elements of texts, and to the relationships between form and other variables of interest. This chapter begins with a discussion of computational textual analysis in the humanities, focusing on stylometry, and elaborates the promise of these methods for legal studies. Part two presents a quantitative analysis of now-Justice Kavanaugh’s opinion writing. And part three delineates some of the limitations of computational textual analysis. Overall, the chapter represents an effort to connect the fields of digital humanities and computational legal studies, and in particular to highlight and exemplify the digital humanities methods and sensibilities that legal scholars might wish to borrow and adapt.
Restructuring of Proto-Omagua-Kukama kin terms

Abstract This article reconstructs the system of kin terms in Proto-Omagua-Kukama (POK), the ancestral language of the Omagua and Kukama-Kukamiria, and compares it to Tupinamba, a former language of the Brazilian Atlantic coast and their closest relative in the Tupi-Guarani language family. I identify semantic shifts, analogy-based innovations, calques, and borrowings. I suggest that some of these changes are likely due to concomitant changes in pre-POK social structure. The identification of borrowings is potentially fruitful in determining which languages contributed to the setting that gave rise to POK. Detailed study of the evolution of the divergent grammar and lexicon of POK is crucial to understanding this social and linguistic history.
Restructuring Democratic Infrastructures: A Policy Approach to the Journalism Crisis

Democracy requires a free press. However, most people rarely reflect on the requisite infrastructures and policies that maintain a healthy press system. Today, as we look to journalism to protect u...