cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between depression, exercise and subjective memory complaints.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the interrelationships between habitual engagement in exercise, subjective memory complaints (SMC) and depression symptomology. Methods A sample (N = 192) of young adults (Mage = 22 y; college students) completed a survey evaluating their current exercise (Physical Activity Vital Signs questionnaire), SMC (Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire), and depression levels (PHQ-9 questionnaire). Results Physical activity was not associated with prospective (β = 0.87, P = 0.28) or retrospective (β = 0.07, P = 0.92) SMC. However, those with higher depression symptomology had worse prospective (β = −0.27, P Conclusion This study provides suggestive evidence that, among young adults, higher levels of depression symptomology are associated with worse SMC. Further, habitual engagement in exercise was not directly associated with SMC, but may indirectly relate to SMC via its relationship with depression.
A movie monster evolves, fed by fear

Godzilla has endured in our collective imaginations even as other oversized movie monsters from the 1950s have faded from memory. What began as a pointed antinuclear fable has since evolved into a broader allegory for human folly and our reckless disregard for the natural environment. In this essay, we suggest that Godzilla—which has grown significantly since its debut— is evolving in response to a spike in humanity9s collective anxiety, and that the monster is more than a metaphor; it is a fable with a lesson for our times.
White Kids: Language, Race, and Styles of Youth Identity

1. White styles: language, race, and youth identities 2. Listening to whiteness: researching language and race in a California high school 3. Cliques, crowds, and crews: social labels in racial space 4. Say word?: Race and style in white teenage slang 5. I'm like yeah but she's all no: innovative quotative markers and preppy whiteness 6. Pretty fly for a white guy: European American hip hop fans and African American English 7. We're through being cool: white nerds, superstandard English, and the rejection of trendiness 8. 'Not that I'm racist': strategies of colorblindness in talk about race and friendship 9. White on black: narratives of fear and resentment 10. 'I guess I'm white': ethnoracial labels and the problem of whiteness 11. Conclusion: audible whiteness.
Electroencephalography and Epilepsy Course at UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Prof. Hans Luders organized the first International Electroencephalography (EEG)/Epilepsy course in Cleveland (Ohio, United States) in 1979. His vision was to impart a framework of basic knowledge in EEG and epilepsy. The course participants are assumed to have no prior knowledge of EEG or epilepsy. As such, the course is structured and paced to meet the expectations set forth by the organizing committee at the completion of the course. The curriculum has evolved over the years to reflect advancement of the field. There is an added emphasis on semiology (seizure semiology) and epileptic disorders. Also, the course content has expanded to include broader topics such as the intersection between epilepsy and sleep medicine for both adults and children. The course lasts 8 weeks and is offered twice a year, free of charge, in winter and summer at the University Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The average class size ranges from 25 to 30, composed of individuals from around the world. The class hours are generally from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Daily attendance is expected as new concepts quickly build on previous ones. Midterm and final examinations are used for evaluations. Both written and verbal feedbacks on homework assignments are given daily. At the end of the course, a certificate of completion is awarded. The purpose of this article is to discuss the structural details of this intensive educational course that has been offered for 40 years.
Endometrial cancer among a cohort of urban Haitian immigrants

BACKGROUND Black women are known to have a higher risk of aggressive endometrial cancers. Little data exist about the role of nativity as a determinant of survival outcomes in women with this disease. AIM Our objective was to evaluate a population of Haitian immigrants with endometrial cancer in an urban setting using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). METHODS A search of FCDS identified 107 women born in Haiti and who received treatment for invasive endometrial cancer in Miami-Dade County between 1989 and 2013. Clinicopathologic data were extracted to describe the cohort and assess associations with overall survival. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards models, the log-rank test, and the Kaplan-Meier method, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 65 years. 63.9% of the patients had a type II, high-grade, histology, and 52.6% presented with extrauterine metastatic disease. Nearly three quarters had health insurance. Within the entire cohort, only presence of extrauterine disease was associated with worse overall survival [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31-5.57, P = 0.007]. However, after stratification by histologic grade, both age (HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.81-0.96, P = 0.002) and extrauterine disease (HR = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.01-6.21, P = 0.049) were independently associated with worse survival, but only in women with type II malignancies. CONCLUSION Urban Haitian women with endometrial cancer have a high burden of aggressive histologies. Additional investigation to explain the etiology of these findings is needed.
Here, go read these papers: An approach to engage undergraduate and graduate research students with literature

One of the key tasks of a research mentor is to foster the skill of independent inquiry. Central to effective independent inquiry is the ability of students to extract meaningful value from the topical research literature. For several years, students applying to be part of the acoustics and vibrations lab at East Carolina University have been required to summarize a select research paper as part of the interview process. That task provides a valuable barometer to evaluate prospective research students. It also has provided the nucleus for an evolving system to mentor students through the process of learning how to effectively interact with topical literature. This system has been used both to onboard new research students and to support directed research and independent study courses. This talk will present the approach—implemented in an asynchronous and largely self-paced manner with the university learning management system—and some key case study examples.One of the key tasks of a research mentor is to foster the skill of independent inquiry. Central to effective independent inquiry is the ability of students to extract meaningful value from the topical research literature. For several years, students applying to be part of the acoustics and vibrations lab at East Carolina University have been required to summarize a select research paper as part of the interview process. That task provides a valuable barometer to evaluate prospective research students. It also has provided the nucleus for an evolving system to mentor students through the process of learning how to effectively interact with topical literature. This system has been used both to onboard new research students and to support directed research and independent study courses. This talk will present the approach—implemented in an asynchronous and largely self-paced manner with the university learning management system—and some key case study examples.
The Basic Physics of Waves, Soundwaves, and Shockwaves for Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract Introduction Over the past decade, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) has emerged as a treatment modality for erectile dysfunction (ED). To better appreciate the differences between the various devices for the treatment of ED, it is imperative for physicians to understand the underlying physics of the different shockwave generators. Aim In this article, we explain the physics of shockwaves by establishing a foundation regarding the basics of waves, specifically soundwaves. We also describe the different shockwave generators available and assess their potential clinical utility. Methods We reviewed basic principles of wave propagation, randomized controlled trials investigating Li-ESWT for ED and other medical diseases, and individual industry shockwave generator websites, in order to describe the basic physics underlying Li-ESWT. Main Outcome Measure We primarily aimed to describe the physics underlying shockwave generators and to provide a framework for understanding the relevant subtypes and adjustable parameters. Results A wave is a disturbance in a medium that transports energy without permanently transporting matter. In shockwaves, a soundwave is generated with a speed faster than the local speed of sound. Shockwaves are classically generated by three different types of energy sources: electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric, which all create a shockwave through the conversion of electric potential energy to mechanical energy. Importantly, radial pressure waves do not behave the same as conventional shockwaves and are more like “ordinary” sound waves in that they achieve a significantly lower peak pressure, a slower rise time, and propagate outwards without a focal point. Clinical Implications Li-ESWT is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is considered investigational in the United States. However, it is currently available to patients under clinical trial protocols and it is important to understand the basic physics of shockwaves to understand the differences between the different shockwave devices. Strength & Limitations This is a comprehensive review of the physics underlying Li-ESWT but only tangentially explores the biological impact of shockwaves. Conclusion Physicians currently using or those contemplating purchasing a Li-ESWT device should understand the basic physics underlying the device, as well as which treatment protocols were used to demonstrate clinical efficacy in treating ED. Katz JE, Clavijo RI, Rizk P, et al. The Basic Physics of Waves, Soundwaves, and Shockwaves for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:100–105.
Red Cell Membrane Alterations Associated with the Sickling Phenomenon

ABSTRACT This communication reviews work from this and other laboratories on hemoglobin S-membrane interaction and membrane abnormalities associated with the sickling phenomenon. Studies of hemoglobin A and S binding to inside-out vesicles demonstrate a saturable binding. The binding is inhibited by anion transport inhibitors, such as 4,4′-diisothiocyano-dihydrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (DIDS) that binds to the external side of band 3, the anion channel protein, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, that interacts with the cytoplasmic segment of this major transmembrane protein. Subsequent alterations in membrane cation permeability include an influx and a subsequent accumulation of calcium in the cells. Introduction of Ca 2+ (> 0.5 mM) into normal red cells or sickled erythrocytes produces membrane protein polymerization catalyzed by a Ca 2+ stimulated cytoplasmic transglutaminase; this crosslinking is capable of stabilizing deoxygenated hemoglobin S containing red cells in their sickled shape in vitro. However, irreversibly sickled cells (ISC), formed in vivo , do not exhibit membrane protein polymers (including the reducible disulfide-coupled complexes found in ATP depleted erythrocytes 2 ) despite the fact that they have permanently deformed membrane skeletons. Thus, other, yet to be defined perturbations in cytoskeletal protein assembly may be responsible for ISC skeletal deformation. Unlike permanently “fixed” sickled red cells in vitro , ISCs transform to spheroechinocytes when exposed to further calcium accumulation. Analysis of various ISC subpopulations on a stractan density gradient suggests that the ISC lesion is a dynamic one characterized by progressive ISC dehydration and a transformation of discocytic ISCs into echinocytic ISCs, presumably due to a progressive intracellular Ca 2+ accumulation and possibly, ATP depletion. The latter ISCs may represent an end-stage ISC lesion, resulting in a removal of such cells from the circulation.
P-bodies are sites of rapid RNA decay during the neural crest epithelial-mesenchymal transition

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) drives cellular movements during development to create specialized tissues and structures in metazoans, using mechanisms often coopted during metastasis. Neural crest cells are a multipotent stem cell population that undergo a developmentally regulated EMT and are prone to metastasis in the adult, providing an excellent model to study cell state changes and mechanisms underlying EMT. A hallmark of neural crest EMT during avian development is temporally restricted expression followed by rapid down-regulation of the Wnt antagonist Draxin. Using live RNA imaging, here we demonstrate that rapid clearance of Draxin transcripts is mediated post-transcriptionally via localization to processing bodies (P-bodies), small cytoplasmic granules which are established sites of RNA processing. Contrasting with recent work in immortalized cell lines suggesting that P-bodies are sites of storage rather than degradation, we show that targeted decay of Draxin occurs within P-bodies during neural crest migration. Furthermore, P-body disruption via DDX6 knockdown inhibits not only endogenous Draxin down-regulation but also neural crest EMT in vivo. Together, our data highlight a novel and important role for P-bodies in an intact organismal context−controlling a developmental EMT program via post-transcriptional target degradation.
Comparison and optimization of a novel larval rearing method for bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Abstract Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis is a species that is widely cultured throughout Asia, currently ranking 5th in overall global fish production. Despite the prevalence of this species culture it is considered invasive in North America and a threat to local fish communities. Investigations into the early life environmental requirements and optimization of intensive larval rearing have been limited. The present study attempts to establish most desired larval rearing conditions of bighead carp by investigating a novel static rearing method utilizing continuous light, salinity (2 parts per thousand; ppt), algal turbidity, and continuous food availability as compared to traditional recirculating culture system methods. Increased levels of salinity (3 and 5 ppt) were also examined in the novel rearing environment. A 2x2x3 full factorial ANOVA design was implemented to compare the main effects of larval rearing system, feeding regime, and stocking density (12.5, 25, and 50 fish L−1) and the interactions between the main effects on survival, biomass, length, weight, proportion of large fish (measure of heterogeneity), and specific growth rate over twenty days of feeding. A desirability function was then constructed to maximize survival (%), biomass (g L−1) and proportion of large fish to optimize larval rearing for diet nutritional requirement studies. Mortalities recorded in the experiment primarily occurred within the first ten days of feeding and leveled off during the second ten days of feeding. The desirability function identified the novel static rearing method, at high initial stocking density (50 fish L−1), and feeding with Artemia nauplii from inception as having the maximum desirability (0.733) for the selected variables. The predictions for biomass, survival and proportion of large fish from the desirability function were 2.38 g L−1 (95% CI, 2.14–2.62), 70.3% (95% CI, 60.1–80.6), and 0.768 (95% CI, 0.696–0.841) respectively. Elevated salinity, 3 and 5 ppt, was found to increase survival (51.3 ± 3.5 and 64.3 ± 10.1%, respectively) and proportion of large fish (0.76 ± 0.08 and 0.82 ± 0.02, respectively) i.e. decreased heterogeneity, as compared to 2 ppt (33 ± 3% and 0.63 ± 0.03) in the novel static rearing environment. This indicates that current results may further be improved if bighead carp are reared at higher salinities (3–5 ppt). The optimization methodology which was utilized in the current study could potentially be applied to any larval rearing program to select for treatments which meet specific desired outcomes.
‘I Can Create and Eat it for Snack’: How Can Cooking Activities Support Early Math Learning?

Cooking is a powerful teaching activity that can be used as an integral part of an early childhood curriculum. In this study, we designed and implemented a cooking-infused program in order to investigate the ways that such a program supports preschoolers’ math concepts and skills and their attitudes toward mathematics. Data were collected over three years through both quantitative and qualitative measures of the participants’ math gains. The study results show that the following characteristics of the cookinginfused program are central to improving preschoolers’ math understanding and positive attitude toward mathematics–child-centred learning, problem-solving, daily-life connections, and peer guidance. We highlight that preschoolers could explore high levels of mathematics concepts and develop positive attitudes toward math when their learning is supported with carefully-designed cooking activities.
The pharmacology of rapid eye movement sleep.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pharmacology of rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep is rest, quiescence, a time when bodily functions subside to a low point. Its purpose is surcease and restoration. Sleep can be defined as a rhythmical and temporary interruption of wakefulness, induced by internal, not external, factors, in which consciousness of environmental features subsides to a minimum; in which movement of the body is almost completely absent; in which there is an increase in the thresholds of reactivity and of reflex irritability; in which there occurs a continuum which leads from light sleep to deep sleep; in which there occurs, also, a rhythmical alternation of this light sleep-deep sleep cycle; in which at the peak of each of these cycles, certain functions become accelerated and, at least in the human, there occurs the phenomenon of dreaming; and in which there exists a built-in mechanism which after a time produces the phenomenon of arousal.
Hybrid Theory of Electron-Hydrogenic Systems Elastic Scattering

Accurate electron-hydrogen and electron-hydrogenic cross sections are required to interpret various experiments. Scattering from such simple systems allows us to test various scattering theories. The incident electron produces a distortion of the target which results into a long-range polarization potential in the Schrodinger equation for the scattering function. There are also short-range correlations. In this article, we show how to take into account these two effects at the same time variationally. The polarization is considered to take place whether the electron is outside the target-electron orbit or inside it. Phase shifts have been calculated for the scattering from hydrogen atom, He+ and Li++ positive ions. The S-wave phase shifts calculated here have lower bounds and they increase as the number of terms in the correlation function is increased. It is shown that only short expansions are needed to obtain accurate results. The results are compared with the previous calculations. Resonance parameters for the resonances in He and Li+ have been calculated by calculating phase shifts in the resonance regions. The results are compared with the previous calculations and the merit of the present approach compared to the previous approach is pointed out.
C/EBPα:AP-1 leucine zipper heterodimers bind novel DNA elements, activate the PU.1 promoter and direct monocyte lineage commitment more potently than C/EBPα homodimers or AP-1

The basic-region leucine zipper (BR-LZ or bZIP) transcription factors dimerize via their LZ domains to position the adjacent BRs for DNA binding. Members of the C/EBP, AP-1 and CREB/ATF bZIP subfamilies form homodimeric or heterodimeric complexes with other members of the same subset and bind-specific DNA motifs. Here we demonstrate that C/EBPalpha also zippers with AP-1 proteins and that this interaction allows contact with novel DNA elements and induction of monocyte lineage commitment in myeloid progenitors. A leucine zipper swap:gel shift assay demonstrates that C/EBPalpha zippers with c-Jun, JunB or c-Fos, but not with c-Maf or MafB. To evaluate activities of specific homodimers or heterodimers we utilized LZs with acid (LZE) or basic (LZK) residues in their salt bridge positions. C/EBPalphaLZE:C/EBPalphaLZK preferentially binds a C/EBP site, c-JunLZE:c-FosLZK an AP-1 site and C/EBPalphaLZE:c-JunLZK a hybrid element identified as TTGCGTCAT by oligonucleotide selection. In murine myeloid progenitors, C/EBPalpha:c-Jun or C/EBPalpha:c-Fos LZE:LZK heterodimers induce monocyte lineage commitment with markedly increased potency compared with C/EBPalpha or c-Jun homodimers or c-Jun:c-Fos heterodimers, demonstrating a positive functional consequence of C/EBP:AP-1 bZIP subfamily interaction. C/EBPalpha:cJun binds and activates the endogenous PU.1 promoter, providing one mechanism for induction of monopoiesis by this complex.
A Grounded Theory of Academic Affairs and Student Affairs Partnerships for Diversity and Inclusion Aims

This study explored how 18 participants at four institutions formed Academic Affairs and Student Affairs partnerships for diversity initiatives. These participants were also involved in a national Project launched by the Association of American Colleges and Universities in the 1990s. Using grounded theory methods, a conceptual model emerged, the Cycle of Making Lifelong Commitments to Diversity and Inclusion, that identifies and explains three distinct types of partnerships: complementary, coordinated, and pervasive. The findings offer implications for researchers and practitioners regarding partnerships to achieve diversity and inclusion goals.
Laser Effects On Dental Hard Tissues

The use of lasers in dentistry has been considered for over 20 years. Higher-energy density lasers were shown to fuse enamel but were potentially unsafe. Subsequently, low-energy density laser radiation was shown to affect artificial caries lesion formation.Recent studies have shown that carbon dioxide lasers can successfully be used at low-energy densities to fuse enamel, dentin, and apatite. Our studies have shown that specific wavelengths are highly efficient. These wavelengths are directly related to the infrared absorption regions of apatite. We have conducted studies with enamel and dentin, using pulsed CO2 laser radiation in the 9.32-μm to 10.49-μm region with energy densities in the 10 to 50 J.cm-2 range. This laser treatment caused surface fusion and inhibition of subsequent lesion progression and markedly improved the bonding strength of a composite resin to dentin. Similar studies have shown no pulpal damage or permanent deleterious effect on soft tissues.This improved understanding of the scie...
Computer interface and touch sensitive screens

The motivation for the use of touch screens is presented. Aspects of their specific human factors are discussed. An overview of current touch-screen technologies is given, including resistive membranes, capacitive panels, LED arrays, and piezoelectric touch panels. The implementation of the piezoelectric touch technology used in the IBM 4737 self-service banking machine is illustrated. >
Effects of Ultrasound Treatment on the Properties of Chymosin

When chymosin was extracted by ultrasound curd tension and syneresis were significantly lower for Berridge substrate coagulated by the ultrasound-treated chymosin than by the control. Experimental chymosin had a shorter induction period and was more heat-sensitive than the control. Activation energy of chymosin obtained by ultrasound treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. Ultrasound treatment did not significantly change the chromatographic patterns of chymosin. Only two distinct enzymatically active proteins were observed with DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Electrophoretic properties were similar for chymosins obtained by ultrasound and control methods.
Precise Intraoperative 60° Skin Z-plasty

The primary objective of this tip is to assist foot and ankle surgeons in performing a precise 60° lengthening Z-plasty in the operating room without the use of a template or protractor. A ruler and basic trigonometric principles are applied to the line of contracture to obtain consistent and reliable results.
Derivation of a scale-independent parameter which characterizes genetic sequence comparisons

A new method of quantifying the similarity between genetic sequences is presented. The method makes use of the finding that sequence comparisons expressed in binary vector form have an associated scale-independent parameter, D. This parameter is represented in the function M(S,n) = (N) (en/enD), where S is the vector, n represents the window size which is allowed to vary, N is a constant, and D is the scale-independent measure of homology. By comparing two sequences using this method, a unimodal, symmetric distribution of D values associated with the frameshifted vectors is obtained. The degree of sequence similarity is determined by the distribution of these parameters. A set of sequences of evolutionary interest coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases and mammalian insulins is compared using this methodology. The results confirm evolutionary tree distances calculated using different procedures. Since a z score can be calculated for each comparison, the method allows for the rapid identification of sequence homologies ranked according to the probability of occurrence. This unique scale-independent measure of similarity allows contrasts and comparisons between any two sequence fragments using all available order information.
A shock tube study of methyl decanoate autoignition at elevated pressures

Abstract A shock tube study of the autoignition of methyl decanoate, a candidate surrogate for biodiesel fuels containing large methyl esters, has been carried out. Ignition delay times were measured in reflected-shock-heated gases by monitoring electronically-excited OH chemiluminescence and pressure. Methyl decanoate/air mixtures were studied at equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, at temperatures from 653 to 1336 K, and for pressures around 15–16 atm. The experimental results illustrate negative-temperature-coefficient behavior characteristic of alkanes, with ignition delay times very similar at high temperatures and somewhat longer at low temperatures than those for n-decane. Experimental results are compared to the kinetic modeling predictions of Herbinet et al. [Combust. Flame 154 (2008) 507–528] with remarkable agreement. Both reaction flux analysis and the comparison of experimental methyl decanoate and n-decane ignition delay times illustrate the importance of the long alkyl chain in controlling methyl decanoate overall reactivity and the subtle role the methyl ester group has on inhibiting low-temperature reactivity.
Oral histoplasmosis: Diagnostic complication and treatment

Intraoral histoplasmosis is difficult to diagnose, both because the clinician fails to be aware of it and because the lesion has clinical similarities to other disease entities, creating a misleading clinical impression. Effective communication between clinician and pathologist is essential, if one is to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and provide the best treatment. A new antimycotic agent, ketoconazole, is now available for oral administration. Studies indicate that it has major therapeutic advantages and significantly lower toxicity than comparable antimycotic agents.
Dental abnormalities in children of fathers with substance use disorders.

Abstract Very little is known about whether parental substance-use disorders (SUDs) affect the prevalence of dental abnormalities among their offspring. This study examined the prevalence of various dental abnormalities in sons of fathers with SUDs (the high average risk, or HAR, group) versus the prevalence of these abnormalities among sons of fathers without SUDs (the low average risk, or LAR, group). A total of 385 sons and their families were comprehensively assessed at five different ages, 10–12, 12–14, 16, 19, and 22. All of these participants were participating in an ongoing longitudinal NIDA-funded center study (CEDAR) evaluating the etiology of SUDs, in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh Dental School. The data from this study provide evidence that paternal SUDs (HAR vs. LAR status) is associated with poor dental condition, poor oral hygiene, a greater need for dental treatment, and inadequate levels of dental treatment utilization.
Si(001) surface variation with annealing in ambient H 2

Monohydride termination and surface variation of $\mathrm{Si}(001)\ensuremath{-}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ by annealing in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ ambient has been investigated with scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM). A clean $\mathrm{Si}(001)\ensuremath{-}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ surface was annealed and cooled to room temperature in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ ambient with various partial pressure of $P({\mathrm{H}}_{2}).$ Hydrogen termination of the surface is observed when $P({\mathrm{H}}_{2})$ exceeds ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{torr},$ and complete monohydride termination is obtained with $P{(\mathrm{H}}_{2})\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sim}}0.1\mathrm{}\mathrm{torr}.$ The results are reproduced well by the calculation using the temperature-dependent sticking coefficient of molecular ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on Si(001). [Kolasinski et al., J. Chem. Phys. 101, 7082 (1994)]. The surface obtained by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ annealing shows characteristic ${S}_{B}$-step shape, which has a long kink-free portion connected by a long kink. It is shown that the etching of Si surface by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is not responsible for the determination of the shape of ${S}_{B}$ steps. Instead, the presence of passivating hydrogen at the temperature above the frozen temperature of step motion on Si(001) is the origin of the characteristic step shape.
Distinct domains in ribosomal protein L5 mediate 5 S rRNA binding and nucleolar localization

Ribosomal protein L5, a 34-kDa large ribosomal subunit protein, binds to 5 S rRNA and has been implicated in the intracellular transport of 5 S rRNA. By immunofluorescence microscopy, L5 is detected mostly in the nucleolus with a fainter signal in the nucleoplasm, and it is known to also be a component of large ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm. 5 S rRNA is transcribed in the nucleoplasm, and L5 is thought to play an important role in delivering 5 S rRNA to the nucleolus. Using RNA-binding assays and transfection experiments, we have delineated the domains within L5 that confer its 5 S rRNA binding activity and that localize it to the nucleolus. We found that the amino-terminal 93 amino acids are necessary and sufficient to bind 5 S rRNA in vitro, while the carboxyl-terminal half of the protein, comprising amino acids 151-296, serves to localize the protein to the nucleolus. L5, therefore, has a modular domain structure reminiscent of other RNA transport proteins where one region of the molecule serves to bind RNA while another determines subcellular localization.
Phase shift cavity ring down at low temperatures: Vibration–rotation overtone absorption of H–D (Δv = 4) at 297 and 105 K

Abstract Phase shift cavity ring down (PS-CRD) spectroscopy has been used for the detection of a vibrational–rotational overtone transition ( v = 0 → 4) of H–D at 297 and 105 K. The PS-CRD technique at low temperatures involves an optical cavity attached to a cryostat where the static cell and mirrors of the optical cavity are all at the same temperature. A novel design allows the alignment of the mirrors of the optical cavity at low temperatures without disrupting the vacuum in the chamber surrounding the cell. The peak absorption lines were corrected for distortion because the bandwidth (fwhm) of the laser in our experiment exceeds the width of the absorption lines. The calculated line strengths of the rotational transitions are in good agreement with literature values.
Disordering of the ordered structure in MOCVD-grown GaInP and AlGaInP by impurity diffusion and thermal annealing

Ga0.5In0.5P and (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at temperatures below 700 °C show an ordered arrangement of the group III atoms on the column III sublattice. A periodic compositional modulation along the growth direction is also observed under certain growth conditions. This paper presents data showing that epitaxial layers of both Ga0.5In0.5P and (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P grown on (001) GaAs substrates and containing the ordered phase can be converted to disordered alloys by thermal annealing under a variety of conditions at temperatures not exceeding the growth temperature. The disappearance of the ordered phase, as determined by TEM, is accompanied by a sift of the bandgap to higher energy by ≈90 meV. Ga0.5In0.5P and (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P have been annealed in sealed ampoules under the following conditions: (1) thermal anneal with P4 overpressure, (2) Zn diffusion with Zn3P2 only, and (3) Zn diffusion with both Zn3P2 and P4. Similar bandgap shifts are obtained under all three conditions. It is further shown that selective disordering with either Zn or P4 can be achieved by using a patterned dielectric mask. The relative stabilities of the random and the ordered alloys are discussed in light of these disordering data.
Federalists, Abolitionists, and the Problem of Influence

Recent scholarship on the emergence of antebellum American abolitionism tends to trace this movement’s intellectual genealogy to one predominant ancestor. But close analysis of the impact of New England’s Federalists on its abolitionists highlights the complexities that too often elude this scholarship. The evidence for this influence is more often suggestive than conclusive. New England Federalists’ style and many of their concerns echoed in abolitionism. But this conclusion requires a much shorter inferential leap than to declare that Federalism made abolitionism. This article serves as a case study not only of the complex roots of abolitionism, but also of the many obstacles scholars typically face when attempting to solve the problem of influence.
Prostaglandin E specifically upregulates the expression of the mannose-receptor on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Abstract The macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) facilitates the binding and internalization of microorganisms and glycoproteins with terminal mannose residues. The receptor is progressively upregulated as bone marrow precursor cells mature into macrophages and thus may serve as a marker of differentiation. Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) are known inhibitors of monocyte and macrophage precursor proliferation, an effect often associated with cellular maturation. MMR expression was therefore assessed after exposure of bone marrow macrophage precursor (BMMP) cells to these prostanoids. Receptor expression was determined by ligand binding and via immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized receptor molecules. PGE1 and PGE2 at 10(-9)-10(-6) M upregulated MMR surface expression and biosynthesis four- to sixfold in a dose-dependent manner. BMMPs responsive to prostaglandins were characterized by plastic adherence, F4/80 antigen expression, and nonspecific esterase activity. Prostaglandins accelerated the expression of the MMR in cells by 48-72h, with maximal levels of receptor expression being identical in control or treated cells. Thus, prostaglandins enhanced mannose receptor expression in adherent but not fully differentiated macrophage precursors. This effect is specific for PGE and is mimicked by dibutyrl cyclic AMP. These results indicate that prostaglandins accelerate MMR expression and hence the differentiation of macrophage precursor cells. Cells resident in the bone marrow secrete abundant prostaglandins, suggesting that a paracrine mechanism may exist to regulate MMR expression and function.
The Unorthodox SNAP50 Zinc Finger Domain Contributes to Cooperative Promoter Recognition by Human SNAPC

Human small nuclear RNA gene transcription by RNA polymerases II and III depends upon promoter recognition by the SNAPC general transcription factor. DNA binding by SNAPC involves direct DNA contacts by the SNAP190 subunit in cooperation with SNAP50 and SNAP43. The data presented herein shows that SNAP50 plays an important role in DNA binding by SNAPC through its zinc finger domain. The SNAP50 zinc finger domain contains 15 cysteine and histidine residues configured in two potential zinc coordination arrangements. Individual alanine substitution of each cysteine and histidine residue demonstrated that eight sites are important for DNA binding by SNAPC. However, metal binding studies revealed that SNAPC contains a single zinc atom indicating that only one coordination site functions as a zinc finger. Of the eight residues critical for DNA binding, four cysteine residues were also essential for both U1 and U6 transcription by RNA polymerase II and III, respectively. Surprisingly, the remaining four residues, although critical for U1 transcription could support partial U6 transcription. DNA binding studies showed that defects in DNA binding by SNAPC alone could be suppressed through cooperative DNA binding with another member of the RNA polymerase III general transcription machinery, TFIIIB. These results suggest that these eight cysteine and histidine residues perform different functions during DNA binding with those residues involved in zinc coordination likely performing a dominant role in domain stabilization and the others involved in DNA binding. These data further define the unorthodox SNAP50 zinc finger region as an evolutionarily conserved DNA binding domain.
Le Chant De L'Abîme Et La Voix Chamanique Dans Le Procès-Verbal et Dans Voyages de L'Autre Côté de J. M. G. Le Clézio

(1999). Le Chant De L'Abime Et La Voix Chamanique Dans Le Proces-Verbal et Dans Voyages de L'Autre Cote de J. M. G. Le Clezio. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 37-50.
Biomechanics of osteoporotic fractures

There is increasing evidence that fracture risk in osteoporosis is not only related to bone mineral density but also to a compilation of factors that are often referred to under the legendary terminology “bone quality”. This article reviews initially the biomechanical aspects of trauma and then the current understanding of the many characteristics of bone that give it strength to resist trauma, including those characteristics that can currently be measured in vivo, those that will shortly be assessable, and those that yet defy measurement in the intact human. The mechanism by which antiresorptive and anabolic therapies for osteoporosis may affect bone strength are also discussed.
Fast Determination of Regional Myocardial Strain Fields From Tagged Cardiac Images Using Harmonic Phase MRI

Background—Tagged MRI of the heart is difficult to implement clinically because of the lack of fast analytical techniques. We investigated the accuracy of harmonic phase (HARP) imaging for rapid qu...
Graduate Education in Gerontological Psychology: Results of a Survey.

A questionnaire concerning graduate offerings in the psychology of aging was mailed to 238 departments of psychology throughout the United States. Of the 191 responses (a return rate of 80%), 16 departments were found to offer a formal program of graduate study in ger‐ontological psychology. An additional 11 departments reported new or planned programs in this specialty area. Of the remaining respondents, 22% reported one or more course offerings in the psychology of aging or one or more faculty with interests in this topic. However, approximately one‐half of the departments of psychology in American universities provided no opportunity for the study of adult development and aging. Information concerning postdoctoral study, programs of study in Canadian universities, and specialization in the clinical psychology of aging was also obtained. Such opportunities do not appear to be plentiful, especially in clinical gerontology.
The Theme-Centered Interactional Group Model in Professional Education.

This report describes a small group program in a nursing curriculum utilizing the Theme-Centered Interaction model. This approach attempts to combine and balance the cognitive, subjective-affective, and interactional modes. In accordance with systematic and observational data, it is indicated that the method appears uniquely suited to the needs of student nurse clinicians who are expected to acquire and integrate psychomotor and affective skills as part of their socialization into a new role.
Biologically Active Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Studies of 3′‐Terminal Phosphorothioate Monoester Analogues

Multiple phosphorothioate oligonucleotides containing a 3'-terminal negative charge were synthesized and characterized. Influence of the added negative charge on activation of duplexes by RNase H was investigated. No additional help in recruitment of RNase H was observed.
Encoding and Retrieval Effects of General Person Characterizations on Memory for Incongruent and Congruent Information

We hypothesized that general person characterizations exert different effects on the recall of characterization-relevant information, depending on whether the information is encountered before or after exposure to the characterization. We predicted that when the general characterizations are presented prior to exposure to information about specific incidents, more characterization-incongruent than characterization-congruent incidents would be recalled; we also predicted that when the characterizations are presented after exposure to specific information, more characterization-congruent than characterization-incongruent incidents would be recalled. Subjects heard an audiotape of a list of positive and negative events, some characterization-relevant (social encounters) and some characterization-irrelevant (fortuitous events), in the life of a fellow college student either before or after exposure to written information that characterized that person in either a generally positive or negative way. Subjects' ...
Drug-Eluting Stents versus Bare-Metal Stents for Treatment of Bare-Metal In-Stent Restenosis

Objectives We compared the long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) for treatment of bare-metal in-stent restenosis (ISR).
Presence and Persistence: Poverty Ideology and Inner-City Teaching.

This paper examines the role of poverty ideology in determining whether a teacher comes to teach at a poor school (presence) and whether s/he remains at this type of school over time (persistence). A sample of 400 teachers in San Diego California was administered a questionnaire that evaluated respondents’ attitudes toward poverty. Teachers who believed poverty was rooted in social structure were more apt to be present in and to persist at poor schools. It is argued that this presence and persistence in poor schools was because these teachers had developed a “structurally mitigated sense of occupational competence”. This sense of competence made these teachers more likely to understand the problems they encountered in the classroom in structural terms, and thus they were more likely to be both satisfied with and persist at their jobs.
Towards Excellence in Computing in Five Years at Sacred Heart University: Year One.

Abstract This article describes the experiences of the authors as directors of the Writing Program, the English as a Second/Foreign Language Program, (ESL/EFL) and the Learning Center—with its Adaptive Technology Lab (ATL)—when their comprehensive university decided to require laptops for all incoming first-year students. They detail the difficulties and rewords of implementing the requirement, including training students and faculty, coping with the failures and learning from the successes of the first year, and judging the impact of the program on the university and on each segment of its writing program. The authors offer advice to other universities who may be contemplating a similar move.
OH AND FORMALDEHYDE ABSORPTION IN THE DIRECTION OF CYGNUS X-3.

OBSERVATIONS of all four 18 cm lines of OH were made between the hours 0620 and 0650 UT on September 4 and September 5, 1972, during the latter stages of the first outburst of Cygnus X-3. Observations of the 6 cm line of formaldehyde were made during the interval 0330 to 0410 UT, September 21, 1972, which corresponded with the latter phases of the second outburst of Cygnus X-3. The 140-foot telescope of the NRAO and the 413 channel autocorrelation receiver were used for both sets of observations and the beamwidth was 19 arc min and 6.2 arc min at 18 cm and 6 cm, respectively. All temperature calibrations were with respect to Virgo A and velocities are relative to the LSR.
Mechanisms and Molecules of the Mitotic Spindle

In all eukaryotes, morphogenesis of the microtubule cytoskeleton into a bipolar spindle is required for the faithful transmission of the genome to the two daughter cells during division. This process is facilitated by the intrinsic polarity and dynamic properties of microtubules and involves many proteins that modulate microtubule organization and stability. Recent work has begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind these dynamic events. Here we describe current models and discuss some of the complex repertoire of factors required for spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.
Critical and “subcritical” magnetic states of an amorphous rare earth spin glass

Small angle neutron scattering from amorphous TbFe2 above the magnetization-determined Tc = 409 K shows a conventional Lorentzian line shape with a spin correlation length which increases to only about 135 A at Tc. Below Tc the scattering is no longer Lorentzian but can be represented by a sum of Lorentzian and Lorentzian squared terms as predicted theoretically for a random anisotropy field amorphous magnet. Application of an external field in the range 2−12 kG at 295 K sharply suppresses the scattering reflecting an increase in the ferromagnetic component with field. The residual magnetic scattering exhibits a prolate distortion of the intensity with respect to the direction of H, with a marked reduction in the correlation length with field indicating a spin-cluster-like response. From the magnitude of the distortion, an average number of spins per cluster as a function of field has been calculated using a super-paramagnet model.
EOLITHIC AND PALEOLITHIC MAN

The last two years have witnessed important developments in the domain of prehistoric anthropology. This is particularly true of the European field and of discoveries in which skeletal remains of early man have figured. One such was discussed by me recently in this journal,1 viz., that of Homo Mousteriensis. Two others form the subject of the present paper. The first of these was made by Dr Otto Schcetensack2 on October 21 , 1907, in a sand-pit near the village of Mauer, ten kilometers southeast of Heidelberg. Mauer lies in the valley of the Elsenz, a tributary of the Necker. The human lower jaw was found in situ in the so-called Mauer sands, at a depth of 24. o meters and .87 meter from the bottom of the deposit. The first 10.92 meters at the top of the section are composed of loess which is classed as upper Quaternary, while the Mauer sands forming the rest of the section are lower Quaternary. The loess itself represents two district periods, an older and a