cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental verification of interactions between randomly distributed fine magnetic particles

Abstract We experimentally examined whether or not a magnetic fluid (MF) is really superparamagnetic by comparing the initial magnetic susceptibilities of the mother MFs with those of their highly diluted solutions (more than 1000 times diluted) in which the dipole–dipole interaction between the particles was negligible. We used three mother MFs, SA 1 , SB 1 , and SC 1 , and their highly diluted solutions, SA 2 , SB 2 , and SC 2 , respectively. The particles’ dispersability was best in SA 1 and poorest in SC 1 . From the static field experiment, it was found that the mutual interaction between the particles in SB 1 , and SC 1 made clusters of particles with magnetically closed flux circuits even at zero field while no interaction was detected in SA 1 . The initial complex magnetic susceptibility, χ , as a function of temperature, T , under an AC field experiment revealed that the complex susceptibility of both the samples SA 1 and SA 2 showed peaks as a function of T . However, their χ vs. T curves were not similar, leading to the conclusion that the sample SA 1 was not superparamagnetic. Instead, SA 1 was a magnetic spin-glass induced by the weak interaction between the particle spins. The existence of the spin-glass state was also confirmed by the Volgel–Fulcher law dependence of the AC-susceptibility peak temperature, T p , or the frequency of the AC field.
Optimized Behavioral Interventions: What Does System Identification and Control Engineering Have to Offer?

Abstract The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest in applying systems science concepts for problems in behavioral health, and using these to inform the design, analysis, and implementation of optimized interventions. How can system identification and control engineering impact interventions for chronic, relapsing disorders such as drug abuse, cigarette smoking and obesity? The paper addresses this question by focusing on the problem of time-varying “adaptive” interventions. In an adaptive intervention, dosages of intervention components are assigned based on the assessed values of tailoring variables that reflect some outcome measure (e.g., number of cigarettes smoked, parental function) or adherence (e.g, days abstinent). Because time-varying adaptive interventions constitute closed-loop dynamical systems, they are correspondlngly amenable to control engineering solutions. System identification is enabled by intensive longitudinal data (ILD) that can be obtained in the field via ecological momentary assessment (EMA); this creates the availability of rapidly sampled, continuous-time assessments from which dynamical system behavior can be discerned and modeled. How can system identification and control be applied in this broad setting is demonstrated with a number of illustrative problems: dynamic modeling and hybrid model predictive control of low-dose naltrexone as treatment for fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition; modeling of a smoking cessation intervention involving bupropion and counseling; constructing a dynamic model of an intervention for preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and Model-on-Demand Model Predictive Control in a hypothetical intervention based on the Fast Track program for assigning the frequency of home counseling visits to families with at-risk children.
Optimization strategies for the reduction of non-spectroscopic interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract Simplex optimization has been used to optimize ion lens conditions for a VG PlasmaQuad inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for the reduction of non-spectroscopic interferences due to a uranium matrix at a concentration of 10000 μg g−1. The extraction lens voltage was shown to have the greatest effect on the extent of analyte signal suppression caused by the matrix. The use of a 0.4 mm orifice sampler (smaller than the 1.0 mm orifice sampler normally used) resulted in a large reduction in analyte suppression at all extraction lens voltages, whereas for the 1.0 mm and 0.7 mm orifice sampler a judicious choice of extraction lens voltage was necessary to ensure minimal analyte suppression. The main disadvantages of the 0.4 mm orifice sampler were the propensity for a secondary discharge to form in the orifice, resulting in elevated levels of doubly charged ions, and the tendency for the orifice to rapidly block in the presence of the 10000 μg g−1 uranium matrix. A reduction in the expansion stage pressure also decreased the degree of analyte suppression in some experiments, although the effects were not reproducible from day to day.
Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of a tetrahedral supramolecular Ti4L4 cluster

The analysis of self-assembled supramolecular clusters held together by metal-ligand interactions is a relatively new area in mass spectrometry. These complexes may have molecular weights exceeding several kDa, are often highly charged and their composition is most sensitive to their chemical environment. Electrospray ionization appears to be the ionization technique of choice for their mass spectral characterization. The analysis (positive and negative ion detection mode) of the prototype compound [Ti4L4]8− (L = a catechol-based tris-bidentate ligand; MW of cluster = 2293 u) using a Paul trap mass analyzer is reported. The combination of electrospray ionization and high resolution ion trap technology is a powerful tool which provides the unambiguous solution state characterization of this supramolecular cluster. The results are correlated with the known solid state structure of the cluster and reactions previously reported for mononuclear Ti(IV) catecholates.
Fluorescent-banded karyotype of a hybrid macaque

Abstract Fluorescent banding of the karyotype of the hybrid macaque offspring of a Macaca mulatta-Macaca nemestrina mating demonstrated homology of all chromosome pairs. Karyotype banding studies of other interspecific primate hybrids will lead to a better understanding of cytotaxonomic relationships.
Novel Action of Botulinum Toxin on the Stromal and Epithelial Components of the Prostate Gland

Purpose: Intraprostatic injection of BTX-A has demonstrated clinical improvement in men with bladder outlet obstruction. We investigated the mechanisms of action of BTX-A on the prostate.Materials and Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with varying doses of BTX-A into the prostate and the prostates were harvested after 1 or 2 weeks. The effects of BTX-A on prostate histology, and the proliferative and apoptotic indexes were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, proliferative cell nuclear antigen staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. Changes in α1A adrenergic receptor and androgen receptor were evaluated by Western blotting.Results: One week after BTX-A injection generalized prostate atrophy was observed. There was a significant increase in apoptotic cells (12, 16 and 22-fold), and decrease in proliferative cells (38%, 77% and 80%) and α1A adrenergic receptor (13%, 80% and 81%) for 5, 10 and 20 U, respectively. There was no significant change in androgen receptors. The ef...
The Healing Word: Its Past, Present, and Future:

After presenting a brief review of the history of helping people solely by language (listening and speaking), the author reemphasizes the intrinsically verbal, noncoercive nature of the cure of souls (and of psychoanalysis as a model of psychotherapy); the intrinsically non-verbal, voluntary nature of the cure of bodies (medical treatment); and the intrinsically physical-and-verbal, coercive nature of the cure of minds (psychiatric treatment). Commingling and confusing these distinct enterprises and the accompanying emphasis on diagnosis and treatment have destroyed the cultural and legal conditions required for the practice of purely verbal, noncoercive helping (psychotherapy).Psychoanalysis is, in toto, a language art, a language praxis. There can be neither mute patients nor deaf analysts. Psychoanalysis is as immediate to word and syntax as mining is to the earth.(Steiner, 1989, p. 107)
Wavelets based on splines: an application

In this paper, we describe the theory and implementation of a variable rate speech coder using the cubic spline wavelet decomposition. In the discrete time wavelet extrema representation, Cvetkovic, et. al. implement an iterative projection algorithm to reconstruct the wavelet decomposition from the extrema representation. Based on this model, prior to this work, we have described a technique for speech coding using the extrema representation which suggests that the non-decimated extrema representation allows us to exploit the pitch redundancy in speech. A drawback of the above scheme is the audible perceptual distortion due to the iterative algorithm which fails to converge on some speech frames. This paper attempts to alleviate the problem by showing that for a particular class of wavelets that implements the ladder of spaces consisting of the splines, the iterative algorithm can be replaced by an interpolation procedure. Conditions under which the interpolation reconstructs the transform exactly are identified. One of the advantages of the extrema representation is the 'denoising' effect. A least squares technique to reconstruct the signal is constructed. The effectiveness of the scheme in reproducing significant details of the speech signal is illustrated using an example.
Quantization of gauge field theories on the front form without gauge constraints. II. Perturbation theory and renormalization.

In this paper we work out the perturbation theory and the renormalization procedure for Abelian gauge fields quantized following the method inspired by the work of Penrose. We compute the fermion mass and wave-function renormalization as well as the photon mass and wave-function renormalization to one-loop order and find complete agreement with the usual canonical quantization results. We also prove the Ward identity, to one-loop order. We use transverse dimensional regularization for these results.
The triungulin larva of Meloe cicatricosus Leach (Col., Meloidae)

The triungulin larva of the meloid Meloe cicatricosus Leach, obtained recently by rearing in Czechoslovakia, proves to be very similar to, and perhaps conspecific with, previously unidentified larvae described from Russia and Hungary by Zakhvatkin and Orosi-Pal, respectively, and quite different from larvae attributed to M. cicatricosus by Lichtenstein and Cros, which now appear to represent one or, possibly, two unidentified species of Eurymeloe Reitter. On the basis of its triungulin larva, M. cicatricosus is removed from Eurymeloe and returned to its former position in the subgenus Meloegonius Reitter of the genus Meloe Linnaeus.
Developing Estimates of Economic Underemployment for the Rural Labor Force of Seven Southern States

Among the rural persons in the states to which this study is applicable, unemployment is generally less severe than the national average, but incomes of the rural population of these states are and long have been among the lowest in the country. The study on which this paper is based was, in part, undertaken to test an hypothesis that economic underemployment is a significant factor contributing to relatively low incomes among southern rural people. Aside from some limited data concerning "visible underemployment" or "partial unemployment," that is, those persons involuntarily working only part time, there have been few attempts to quantify underemployment in the United States. It seems probable that visible underemployment bears to total underemployment a relationship similar to that between the visible part of an iceberg and the whole. This absence of quantitative data concerning the principal dimensions of economic underemployment has, therefore, tended to render it a nonfunctional concept for broad program and policy evaluation in this country, despite its obvious relevance and honorable, if limited, place in economic and manpower utilization theory. Economic underemployment when quantified, however, permits additional and more exacting judgment of an economy's performance with respect to both efficiency and equity criteria than does the use of conventionally defined unemployment data alone. In general, farming and rural areas either have become declining employers of labor or have-while keeping pace in population growth-failed to grow in levels of employment at rates approximating the national average. Economic sectors or geographic areas having these characteristics may be expected to be repositories of underemployment of the nonvisible type. The general purposes of the study on which this paper is based are (1)
Recent developments in magnetic units

To overcome confusion in the use of electromagnetic units, the International Electrotechnical Commission through its subcommittee on electric and magnetic magnitudes and units has been working for several years toward standardization in definition and nomenclature. In this article, recent actions in that direction are discussed and a brief summary of earlier contingent actions is given.
Nonlinear evolution of the modified Simon-Hoh instability via a cascade of sideband instabilities in a weak beam plasma system

The modified Simon-Hoh instability is observed in a collisionless cylindrical plasma, produced by a weak electron beam, in which electrons are strongly magnetized and the ions are essentially unmagnetized. The nonlinear evolution of this instability occurs through a sequence of sideband instabilities, thought to be induced by trapped ions, and can lead to a chaotic state.
Metal–thiolate bonds in bioinorganic chemistry

Metal-thiolate active sites play major roles in bioinorganic chemistry. The M--S(thiolate) bonds can be very covalent, and involve different orbital interactions. Spectroscopic features of these active sites (intense, low-energy charge transfer transitions) reflect the high covalency of the M--S(thiolate) bonds. The energy of the metal-thiolate bond is fairly insensitive to its ionic/covalent and pi/sigma nature as increasing M--S covalency reduces the charge distribution, hence the ionic term, and these contributions can compensate. Thus, trends observed in stability constants (i.e., the Irving-Williams series) mostly reflect the dominantly ionic contribution to bonding of the innocent ligand being replaced by the thiolate. Due to high effective nuclear charges of the Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions, the cupric- and ferric-thiolate bonds are very covalent, with the former having strong pi and the latter having more sigma character. For the blue copper site, the high pi covalency couples the metal ion into the protein for rapid directional long range electron transfer. For rubredoxins, because the redox active molecular orbital is pi in nature, electron transfer tends to be more localized in the vicinity of the active site. Although the energy of hydrogen bonding of the protein environment to the thiolate ligands tends to be fairly small, H-bonding can significantly affect the covalency of the metal-thiolate bond and contribute to redox tuning by the protein environment.
Project Towards No Drug Abuse: generalizability to a general high school sample.

compared to 20% of the 8th graders. In order to curb Objectives. We examined the generalizability of a suc- such trends, a reassessment of school-based drug abuse cessful classroom-based prevention program devel- prevention strategies is needed [2]. oped for youth at alternative high schools (high risk) Adolescent drug abuse prevention programs fall into to youth at general high schools. three categories based on the risk groups for which they Method. A replication of a previously tested preven- were designed [3]. Universal programs are designed to tion program in a general high school population was prevent initiation of drug use in general populations, conducted with 1-year follow-up data. Classrooms such as all students in a traditional public school syswithin each of three schools were randomly assigned tem. Selective programs are designed to affect subto two conditions, classroom education or standard groups of students at elevated risk for developing a care control. problem, based on social, psychological, or other factors, Results. Statistically significant effects on alcohol such as children of drug abusers or poor academic and illicit drug use were achieved in this population achievers. Indicated programs are designed to affect through a 1-year period following the program, high-risk subgroups already identified as having some although effects were not achieved on cigarette smok- detectable signs or symptoms of a developing problem, ing and marijuana use. such as those students in nontraditional, alternative Conclusions. These results suggest that this program
Characterization of a Dual-Mode Horn for Submillimeter Wavelengths (Short Papers)

A simple dual-mode conical horn has been developed and tested at 0.5, 1.4, 3.1, and 34.2 mm. The horn has nearly equal beam shape in the E and H plane far field patterns with a 3-dB half angle of 6°. At 34.2 mm, the waveguide reflection loss and the phase center have been determined.
Gaining insights into reactive fluid-fractured rock systems using the temporal moments of a tracer breakthrough curve.

In this paper, we show that the tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs), when the tracer chemically interacts with the solid matrix of a fractured rock, are considerably different than when it does not. Of particular interest, is the presence of a long pseudo steady state zone in the BTCs, where the tracer concentration is more or less constant over a long period of time. However, such a zone of constant concentration is not visible when either the tracer does not interact with the solid, or does so at an extremely fast rate. We show that these characteristics of the BTCs could be correlated to the parameters of the system. We develop expressions for the mean residence time and its variance for a chemically active and inactive tracer. We show that chemical interaction between the tracer and the solid increases the mean residence time and the increase depends on the distribution coefficient. We also show that the variance of residence time for a chemically active tracer is much larger than that for an inactive tracer, and it depends on both the distribution coefficient and the rate of chemical reaction. We verify these calculations against synthetic tracer BTCs, where the temporal moments are calculated by numerically integrating the tracer evolution curves. Even though we developed the mathematical expressions assuming an idealized fracture–matrix system, we believe that the mathematical expressions developed in this paper can be useful in gaining insights into reactive transport in a real fractured rock system.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in cancer patients

Ninety-nine cancer patients underwent PEG placement attempt at Rosewell Park Cancer Institute between January 1, 1985, and December 1, 1987. Ninety-eight of these were successful and were retrospectively reviewed to determine if cancer patients constitute a high-risk group for PEG placement. Procedure-related mortality was 2% and morbidity was 19%. Morbidity of 17% was noted at less than 30 days and 2% had late complications. Six complications were considered serious with peritonitis in 3 and tube loss in 3 patients; an additional 4 patients had a failure of adequate GI tract decompression which was the indication for their PEG placement. Ascites was a major factor in morbidity with 4 of 5 patients with ascites having complications including the 2 deaths. Overall major morbidity was not increased in cancer patients without ascites including a group of patients with carcinomatosis (18 patients) and 22 patients requiring preoperative dilatation and/or tumor ablative procedures. We conclude that morbidity in cancer patients is not increased if one excludes those with ascites from the procedure
When is a matrix a difference of two idempotents

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a matrix A to be a sum or a difference of two idempotents. These conditions are expressed in terms of (i) the block structure of A under similarity, as well as (ii) the elementary divisor structure of A.
Automatic Classification of Canine PRG Neuronal Discharge Patterns using K-means Clustering

Respiratory-related neurons in the parabrachial-Kolliker-Fuse (PB-KF) region of the pons play a key role in the control of breathing. The neuronal activities of these pontine respiratory group (PRG) neurons exhibit a variety of inspiratory (I), expiratory (E), phase spanning and non-respiratory related (NRM) discharge patterns. Due to the variety of patterns, it can be difficult to classify them into distinct subgroups according to their discharge contours. This report presents a method that automatically classifies neurons according to their discharge patterns and derives an average subgroup contour of each class. It is based on the K-means clustering technique and it is implemented via SigmaPlot User-Defined transform scripts. The discharge patterns of 135 canine PRG neurons were classified into seven distinct subgroups. Additional methods for choosing the optimal number of clusters are described. Analysis of the results suggests that the K-means clustering method offers a robust objective means of both automatically categorizing neuron patterns and establishing the underlying archetypical contours of subtypes based on the discharge patterns of group of neurons.
Perceptions of Domestic Violence and Mock Jurors' Sentencing Decisions

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of the victim's provocation and hopefulness on the sentencing of a husband convicted of domestic violence. It was hypothesized that mock jurors would assign less-severe sentencing if the victim was provoking and hopeful. Mock jurors read one of four factorial court case combinations of provocation and hopefulness and rendered an individual predeliberation sentence and a group postdeliberation sentence. Analyses revealed a significant effect of provocation, indicating that participants reduced the sentencing for the defendant when the wife was provoking relative to when she was not provoking. The analyses also revealed an effect of gender on predeliberation sentencing, with women delivering more-severe sentences than men. The effect of gender was not present in the postdeliberation sentencing, indicating that deliberation produced a sentencing compromise between women and men. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Building an Annotated Textual Inference Corpus for Motion and Space

This paper presents an approach for building a corpus for the domain of motion and spatial inference using a specific class of verbs. The approach creates a distribution of inference features that maximize the discriminatory power of a system trained on the corpus. The paper addresses the issue of using an existing textual inference system for generating the examples. This enables the corpus annotation method to assert whether more data is necessary.
Left hemisphere specialization for word reading potentially causes, rather than results from, a left lateralized bias for high spatial frequency visual information

There is considerable evidence showing that efficient visual word recognition relies on high spatial frequency (HSF) visual coding in the left posterior fusiform gyrus. But whether the bias for HSF in the left hemisphere (LH) causally contributes to the LH superiority for word recognition or possibly results from it remains unknown. To assess whether the lateralization for HSF information exists prior to the left lateralization for reading, we used a divided-visual field task to examine the LH bias for orthographic processing and for HSF Gabor patches in young children (mean age 4.5 years) with variable letter knowledge, and in adults. If LH specialization for orthographic processing results from a pre-existing HSF bias in the LH, then LH specialization for HSF information should be evident even in those young children with minimal, if any, letter knowledge. The adult participants showed the predicted LH lateralization for both HSF information and word recognition. Neither of these hemispheric biases, however, was statistically significant in the group of young children. Further investigation, however, revealed a correlation between these biases such that those children with the somewhat more developed LH advantage for orthographic representations also evinced an LH bias for HSF information. These findings suggest that, rather than serving as a precursor for the LH superiority for word recognition, the LH bias for HSF input might emerge in concert with it or potentially even be a consequence of the acquisition of orthographic competence.
Psychosocial Issues in the Era of New AIDS Treatments from the Perspective of Persons Living with HIV

In the past, HIV disease meant an almost invariably downward health course. New highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens have improved the health outlook for many persons living with H...
Clinical Utility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, leading to considerable diversity in clinical course including the most common cause of sudden death in young people and a determinant of heart failure symptoms in patients of any age. Traditionally, two-dimensional echocardiography has been the most reliable method for establishing a clinical diagnosis of HCM. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), with its high spatial resolution and tomographic imaging capability, has emerged as a technique particularly well suited to characterize the diverse phenotypic expression of this complex disease. For example, CMR is often superior to echocardiography for HCM diagnosis, by identifying areas of segmental hypertrophy (ie., anterolateral wall or apex) not reliably visualized by echocardiography (or underestimated in terms of extent). High-risk HCM patient subgroups identified with CMR include those with thin-walled scarred LV apical aneurysms (which prior to CMR imaging in HCM remained largely undetected), end-stage systolic dysfunction, and massive LV hypertrophy. CMR observations also suggest that the cardiomyopathic process in HCM is more diffuse than previously regarded, extending beyond the LV myocardium to include thickening of the right ventricular wall as well as substantial morphologic diversity with regard to papillary muscles and mitral valve. These findings have implications for management strategies in patients undergoing invasive septal reduction therapy. Among HCM family members, CMR has identified unique phenotypic markers of affected genetic status in the absence of LV hypertrophy including: myocardial crypts, elongated mitral valve leaflets and late gadolinium enhancement. The unique capability of contrast-enhanced CMR with late gadolinium enhancement to identify myocardial fibrosis has raised the expectation that this may represent a novel marker, which may enhance risk stratification. At this time, late gadolinium enhancement appears to be an important determinant of adverse LV remodeling associated with systolic dysfunction. However, the predictive significance of LGE for sudden death is incompletely resolved and ultimately future large prospective studies may provide greater insights into this issue. These observations underscore an important role for CMR in the contemporary assessment of patients with HCM, providing important information impacting diagnosis and clinical management strategies.
Compiler Optimizations for Fault Tolerance Software Checking

In this work we propose a set of compiler optimizations to identify and remove redundant checks from the replicated code. Two checks are considered redundant if they check the same variable. In this work we evaluate two levels of hardware or system support: memory without support for checkpointing and rollback, where memory is guaranteed to not be corrupted with wrong values and memory with low-cost support for checkpointing and rollback. We also consider the situation where register file is protected with parity or ECC, such as Intel Itanium, Sun UltraSPARC and IBM Power4-6 because software implementations can take advantage of this hardware feature and reduce some of the replicated instructions. We have evaluated our approach using LLVM as our compiler infrastructure and PIN for fault injection. Our experimental results with Spec benchmarks on a Pentium 4 show that in the case where memory is guaranteed not to be corrupted, performance improves by an average 6.2%. With more support for checkpoint performance improves by an average 14.7%. A software fault tolerant system that takes advantage of the register safe platforms improves by an average 16.0%. Fault injection experiments show that our techniques do not decrease fault coverage, although they slightly increase the number of segmentation faults.
Effect of Rewards on Lake Trout Tag Returns in Northwestern Lake Michigan

Abstract We determined the effect of a reward of one free case of Stroh's beer (retail value of US$7.50 in 1986 dollars) on lake trout Salvelinus namaycush tag returns made by two voluntary-return fisheries (recreational and commercial) in northwestern Lake Michigan during 1984–1990. To examine the effect of the reward, which was offered in 1986 and 1987, we determined the proportion of tags that were returned by assessment, recreational, and commercial fisheries. We used the log-likelihood G-statistic to test for homogeneity of recapture rates among years for the three fisheries. Comparison of individual G-statistics in the reward years versus the nonreward years yielded the impact of the reward. Recapture rates varied significantly among years for assessment, recreational, and commercial fisheries, and were also significantly different among the three fisheries. The reward of a free case of Stroh's beer increased the recapture rate in both of the voluntary tag-return fisheries (recreational and commerci...
Evolution of cooperative behavior in simulation agents

A simulated automobile factory paint shop is used as a testbed for exploring the emulation of human decision making behavior. A discrete events simulation of the paint shop as a collection of interacting Java actors is described. An evolutionary cognitive architecture is under development for building software actors to emulate humans in simulations of human dominated complex systems. In this paper, the cognitive architecture is extended by implementing a persistent population of trial behaviors with an incremental fitness valuation update strategy, and by allowing a group of cognitive actors to share information. A proof of principle demonstration is presented.
Impact of ant control technologies on insecticide runoff and efficacy

BACKGROUND: Insecticides are commonly used for ant control around residential homes, but post-treatment runoff may contribute to contamination of surface water in urban watersheds. This study represents the first instance where runoff of insecticides was directly measured after applications around single family residences. During 2007, houses were treated with bifenthrinorfipronilsprays following standardpractices. During 2008,pin streamapplicators, spray-freezones andrestricting sprays to the house foundation were considered as management options. RESULTS: During 2007, the resulting runoff from the bifenthrin spray in the irrigation water had a mean concentration of 14.9 µ gL −1 at 1 week post-treatment and 2.5 µ gL −1 at 8 weeks, both high enough to be toxic to sensitive aquatic organisms. In comparison, treatments with bifenthrin granules resulted in no detectable concentrations in the runoff water after 8 weeks. The mean concentration for fipronil used as a perimeter spray was 4.2 µ gL −1 at 1 week post-treatment and 0.01 µ gL −1 at 8 weeks, with the first value also suggesting a potential for causing acute aquatic toxicity to sensitive organisms. During 2008, insecticide runoff was reduced by using spray-free zones and pin stream perimeter applications. CONCLUSIONS: It is shown that insecticide runoff from individual home treatments for ants can be measured and used to improve techniques that minimize runoff. The pin stream application and applications limited to the house foundation should be further evaluated for their potential to reduce pesticide runoff from residential homes. c � 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Update to Terwilliger and Göring's “Gene Mapping in the 20th and 21st Centuries” (2000): Gene Mapping When Rare Variants Are Common and Common Variants Are Rare

Our Lasker Prize winning article from 2000 was a discussion of the myriad factors that influence the success or failure of gene mapping studies, and in it we sug- gested that the reasons we geneticists have had so little success in unraveling the etiology of complex traits had more to do with biology than technology and that many of the decisions about future strategies were being made based on unrealis- tic and untested assumptions. At the time, the common variant/common disease (CVCD) hypothesis (Reich and Lander 2001) was widely believed to provide a
Semi-supervised Hierarchical Models for 3D Human Pose Reconstruction

Recent research in visual inference from monocular images has shown that discriminatively trained image-based predictors can provide fast, automatic qualitative 3D reconstructions of human body pose or scene structure in real-world environments. However, the stability of existing image representations tends to be perturbed by deformations and misalignments in the training set, which, in turn, degrade the quality of learning and generalization. In this paper we advocate the semi-supervised learning of hierarchical image descriptions in order to better tolerate variability at multiple levels of detail. We combine multilevel encodings with improved stability to geometric transformations, with metric learning and semi-supervised manifold regularization methods in order to further profile them for task-invariance -resistance to background clutter and within the same human pose class differences. We quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of both descriptors and learning methods and show that each one can contribute, sometimes substantially, to more reliable 3D human pose estimates in cluttered images.
Performance bounds for the rate-constrained universal decentralized estimators in sensor networks

We consider the decentralized estimation of a noise corrupted deterministic parameter using a bandwidth constrained sensor network with a fusion center (FC). The sensor noises are assumed to be additive, zero mean, and spatially uncorrelated. Assuming that each sensor sends to the FC a one-bit message per sample, we derive a Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the rate-constrained decentralized estimators using the noise probability distribution functions (pdfs) and local quantization rules. We then optimize this CRLB with respect to the noise pdfs and local quantization rules to obtain a lower bound for the mean squared error (MSE) performance of a class of universal decentralized estimators [Z-Q. Luo (2004), A. Ribeiro et al. (2004)]. Our results show that if the noises and the parameter to be estimated both have finite range in [-U, U], then the minimum MSE performance of any rate-constrained universal decentralized estimator is at least in the order of U/sup 2//(4K), where K is the total number sensors. This bound implies that the recently proposed universal decentralized estimators [Z.-Q. Luo (2004), A. Ribeiro et al. (2004)] are optimal up to a constant factor (of 16).
Revisiting bias due to construct misspecification: different results from considering coefficients in standardized form

Researchers in a number of disciplines, including Information Systems, have argued that much of past research may have incorrectly specified the relationship between latent variables and indicators as reflective when an understanding of a construct and its measures indicates that a formative specification would have been warranted. Coupled with the posited severe biasing effects of construct misspecification on structural parameters, these two assertions would lead to concluding that an important portion of our literature is largely invalid. While we do not delve into the issue of when one specification should be employed over another, our work here contends that construct misspecification, but with a particular exception, does not lead to severely biased estimates. We argue, and show through extensive simulations, that a lack of attention to the metric in which relationships are expressed is responsible for the current belief in the negative effects of misspecification.
Oocyst production of Eimeria lettyae in northern bobwhites following low-dose inoculations.

Abstract Inoculation of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) with low doses of Eimeria lettyae oocysts stimulates a protective immune response, suggesting immunization may be an option for controlling coccidiosis. However, the oocyst production of inoculated birds could be considerable, leading to subsequent outbreaks. To determine the oocyst production following inoculation with E. lettyae, we orally infected 12-wk-old bobwhites with 100, 1,000, or 10,000 sporulated oocysts. Fecal materials were collected on days 5–9 post-inoculation, and total oocyst production was counted in McMaster chambers. Oocyst production/bird was 49.75, 89.5, and 436 × 106 for 100, 1,000, or 10,000 oocysts administered, respectively. Estimated oocysts produced/oocyst administered was 49.75, 8.95, and 4.36 × 104 for 100, 1,000, or 10,000 oocysts administered, respectively. These findings not only illustrate the crowding effect of larger oocyst inocula but also illustrate the fecundity of E. lettyae at low doses. This sug...
Manufactured Gas Plants—Processes, Historical Development, and Key Issues in Insurance Coverage Disputes

Abstract Gas production from solid and liquid hydrocarbon fuels was once a major industry. The gas manufacturing process produced a variety of wastes including tars, oils, and wastewater. An important issue in insurance litigation over who pays the cost of cleaning up these wastes is whether contamination was “expected and intended” or whether it resulted from accidental spills and leaks. After presenting a review of gas manufacturing processes and the historical development of this industry, we present 13 known intentional disposal practices for tar and oil and wastewater at manufactured gas plants (MGPs). We then introduce the concept of differential diagnosis, a method used in medicine and in medical/legal settings, and show how this method can be used to help determine if the cause of contamination at MGP sites was accidental or intentional.
Stability of the Global Ocean Circulation: Basic Bifurcation Diagrams

Abstract A study of the stability of the global ocean circulation is performed within a coarse-resolution general circulation model. Using techniques of numerical bifurcation theory, steady states of the global ocean circulation are explicitly calculated as parameters are varied. Under a freshwater flux forcing that is diagnosed from a reference circulation with Levitus surface salinity fields, the global ocean circulation has no multiple equilibria. It is shown how this unique-state regime transforms into a regime with multiple equilibria as the pattern of the freshwater flux is changed in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. In the multiple-equilibria regime, there are two branches of stable steady solutions: one with a strong northern overturning in the Atlantic and one with hardly any northern overturning. Along the unstable branch that connects both stable solution branches (here for the first time computed for a global ocean model), the strength of the southern sinking in the South Atlantic changes su...
Percutaneous treatment of late‐aortic pseudoaneurysm resulting from surgical repair of aortic coarctation

We describe the case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath that had worsened over the previous 6 months and was found to have a large pseudoaneurysm (PSA) of the thoracic aorta. She underwent surgical repair of aortic coarctation at the age of 16 and a revision of her bypass graft at age 28 when she presented with hemoptysis due to aortic PSA and aortobronchial fistula. Our cardiothoracic surgical team deemed a third surgery very high risk; therefore, she was referred to us for percutaneous repair of aortic PSA. We describe the successful treatment of the PSA using a technique of microcoil embolization and Amplatzer® vascular plug (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN).© 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autopsy Study of Metopic Suture Incidence in Human Skulls in Western Rajasthan

Introduction: Metopic suture which is placed between frontal bone and usually disappear during infancy and childhood, may persist from nasion to anterior angle of bregma, this is called metopism. Objective: To find the incidence of metopism in western Rajasthan and to compare it with other study in other parts of India and Abroad. Methodology: Present study was autopsy done on 200 dead bodies of all age group who were brought to J L N Medical college, Ajmer for autopsy during the period of 6 months. Vault was observed morphological for presence of metopism on both outer and inner side after removal of periosteum. Results: The incidence of metopism was 6.5% in all observed skull in this study. The incidence of metopism was observed more in child age group i.e. 100% in 0-5 years & 80% in 6-10 years as compare to the adults and old age groups i.e. 3.4% in 41-50 years. Conclusion: The presence of metopic suture simulates the fracture of frontal bone, therefore it should be properly ruled out in x-rays by radiologists and neurosurgeons.
An Analysis of Adverse Event Reporting in Balloon Sinus Procedures.

Objective(1) Become familiar with reported adverse events related to balloon dilation of the paranasal sinus ostia. (2) Understand the sequelae occurring with these events.Study DesignRetrospective...
Deconstructing commit

Many modern processors execute instructions out of their original program order to exploit instruction-level parallelism and achieve higher performance. However even though instructions can execute in an arbitrary order, they must eventually commit, or retire from execution, in program order. This constraint provides a safety mechanism to ensure that mis-speculated instructions are not inadvertently committed, but can consume valuable processor resources and severely limit the degree of parallelism exposed in a program. We assert that such a constraint is overly conservative, and propose conditions under which it can be relaxed. This paper deconstructs the notion of commit in an out-of-order processor, and examines the set of necessary conditions under which instructions can be permitted to retire out of program order. It provides a detailed analysis of the frequency and relative importance of these conditions, and discusses microarchitectural modifications that relax the in-order commit requirement. Overall, we found that for a given set of processor resources our technique achieves speedups of up to 68% and 8% for floating point and integer benchmarks, respectively. Conversely, because out-of-order commit allows more efficient utilization of cycle-time limiting resources, it can alternatively enable simpler designs with potentially higher clock frequencies.
Diffuse T-Cell Lymphoma Preceded by Nodular Lymphoma

A patient with a nodular lymphoma morphologically indistinguishable from follicular B-cell lymphoma subsequently developed a diffuse T-cell lymphoma. This T-cell lymphoma displayed characteristics analogous to mature T-lymphocytes, and typed as a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell with monoclonal antibodies. The light and electron microscopic morphology of the T-cell lymphoma was similar to that reported for node-based T-cell lymphomas. There was a polymorphous proliferation of variably transformed lymphocytes including immunoblasts. This case could represent either a nodular form of T-cell lymphoma converting to a diffuse T-cell lymphoma, or a follicular B-cell lymphoma preceding, and possibly inducing, a suppressor T-cell lymphoma.
Neuropsychiatric Issues in Parkinson’s Disease

Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Parkinson’s Disease and may surpass motor symptoms as the major factors impacting patient quality of life. The symptoms may be broadly separated into those associated with the disease process and those that represent adverse effects of treatment. Symptoms attributed to the disease arise from pathologic changes within multiple brain regions and are not restricted to dysfunction in the dopaminergic system. Mood symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and apathy are common and may precede the development of motor symptoms by years, while other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and psychosis are more common in later stages of the disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms attributed to treatment include impulse control disorders, pathologic use of dopaminergic medications, and psychosis. This manuscript will review the current understanding of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease.
Ribosomal mutation affecting the streptomycin phenotype of str A1 str A+ merodiploids in E. coli.

A class of mutants with SmR (streptomycin resistance) phenotype has been isolated from a strA1/strA+ (streptomycin resistant allele/streptomycin sensitive allele) heterozygote merodiploid. The mutation is located in the strA gene of the E. coli chromosome. However, the streptomycin phenotype of the haploid strain is not altered. It has been suggested that the alteration in the structure of the strA+ gene product (protein S12 which forms an integral part of the 30S subunit) leads to a change in the assembly of the smaller subunit. Thus, a possible mechanism for the mutation is postulated in the regulation of ribosomal subunit formation at the assembly step.
HOPE-3 and SPRINT: two landmark trials with different outcomes?

clinical trials beginning with the landmark VA trial. 1 In this trial, 143 men with a diastolic pressure 115‐129 mm Hg were randomized to active treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) plus reserpine plus hydralazine or placebo. Dramatic reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes (two cases of cerebrovascular thrombosis and multiple drug toxicity) occurred in the active treatment group compared to 27 CVD outcomes (hypertensive retinopathy, congestive heart failure, increasing azotemia, cerebrovascular thrombosis, transient ischemic attacks, cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, and severely elevated blood pressure (BP)) and four deaths in the placebo group. This study soundly refuted that the then prevailing hypothesis that ‘‘hypertension may be an important compensation mechanism which should not be tampered with.’’ 2 Many subsequent controlled clinical trials have shown the CVD benefit of lowering BP in patients with various forms of hypertension, diastolic and isolated systolic, severe and less severe, among different racial/ethnic and age groups and associated with a variety of comorbid
The progress in the medicinal using of the Geographic Information System

With the development of information science, the Geographic Information System technology (CIS) has been used in many fields such as transport and agricultural planning, environment and natural resources management, etc. It has been reported that this technology has been applied to showing the cause effect relationships between environmental conditions and health. Generally, the objectives of a GIS are the management (acquisition, storage, maintenance), analysis (statistical, spatial modeling), and display (graphics, mapping) of geographic data. As health is largely determined by environmental factors, it always has an important environmental and spatial dimension. The spatial modeling capacities offered by GIS can help one understand the spatial variation of the incidence of diseases and its covariation with environmental factors and the health care system. GIS in health-related activity can play a role at disease study, health planning and health education.