cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perfluoro-N-octylpalladium and -zinc bromides. remarkably stable coordinatively unsaturated organometallics

Abstract The novel compounds perfluoro-n-octyl palladium bromide and perfluoro-n-octylzinc bromide have been synthesized through the oxidative insertion reaction of palladium or zinc metal atoms into the alkyl carbon-bromine bond, using the metal atom (vapor) technique. These intermediates, R F MBr (MPd:Zn), are formally coordinatively unsaturated and thus extremely reactive with acetonitrile, tertiary-phosphines, -arsine or CO to form tetra- coordinated adducts. Although these C 8 F 17 MBr species were expected to be rather unstable due to their extreme coordinative unsaturation, the long perfluoroalkyl chain bound to the metal atom imparts a remarkable stability to them. Both electronic and steric effects appear to play a role in this stabilization.
Transcription factors and effectors that regulate neuronal morphology

Transcription factors establish the tremendous diversity of cell types in the nervous system by regulating the expression of genes that give a cell its morphological and functional properties. Although many studies have identified requirements for specific transcription factors during the different steps of neural circuit assembly, few have identified the downstream effectors by which they control neuronal morphology. In this Review, we highlight recent work that has elucidated the functional relationships between transcription factors and the downstream effectors through which they regulate neural connectivity in multiple model systems, with a focus on axon guidance and dendrite morphogenesis.
Vibration promotes heat welding of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract X-shaped junction formation between two crossed single-walled carbon nanotubes with various chiralities is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. By creating a junction not only with heat, but also with vibration, the required temperature is significantly reduced. The created junctions are characterized by bond number and bond order, which are compared with those formed without vibration.
Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone into the central nucleus of the amygdala induces gastric lesions in rats

Studies utilizing microinjections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were performed to determine potentially sensitive limbic brain sites to the ulcerogenic effect of TRH. Administration of TRH into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) produced a high (80%) incidence of gastric lesions and also significantly stimulated acid secretion. Microinjections of TRH into other brain sites including superior colliculus, medial septum, substantia nigra and the hippocampus (CA1 area) were ineffective. Intra-CEA TRH-induced gastric lesions and acid secretion were prevented by vagotomy. These results indicate that the amygdala is of importance for mediating the ulcerogenic effect of brain TRH through peripheral vagal pathways.
Conflicting sex-role expectations, housework dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms among full-time housewives

Little research has been conducted on the factors that influence a full-time homemaker's attitudes toward housework, and the influence of satisfaction with housework on psychological well-being. Data from a community survey of 134 full-time housewives showed that the greater the degree of conflict in the marital dyad over expectations for the female role, the greater the dissatisfaction of the housewife with housework. It was further demonstrated that the more dissatisfied a woman was with housework, the more likely she was to suffer from depressive symptoms. Finally, the results suggest that the greater the degree of conflict over sex-role expectations, the higher the depressive symptom score of the housewife.
Comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet: double blind and long-term open trial in parkinsonian patients with fluctuations.

"Wearing-off" effect, the most common form of levodopa-induced fluctuations, seems to be related to the short plasma half-life of the drug. More sustained plasma levodopa levels may be achieved with a new controlled-release formulation of carbidopa/levodopa, Sinemet CR4. We studied 20 patients, 12 men and 8 women, with Parkinson's disease complicated by "wearing-off" phenomenon. Mean age was 61.1 +/- 8.1 years, duration of symptoms 8.3 +/- 2.4 years, and the Hoehn-Yahr stage 3.0 +/- 0.9. In a 12-week double-blind study, the average number of tablets administered per day decreased from 5.7 +/- 1.2 to 3.8 +/- 0.7 when Sinemet CR4 (50/200) was substituted for the standard Sinemet (25/100) (p less than 0.001). However, this was at the expense of reducing the "on" time (without dyskinesia) from 9.3 +/- 4.6 to 7.5 +/- 4.3 (p less than 0.05), although the total "on" time did not significantly change. In a long-term follow-up of 18 patients, the "on" time with dyskinesia and morning dystonia significantly increased (p less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the total daily dosage of levodopa, but the daily number of doses and tablets significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). Despite increased dyskinesia, most patients preferred taking fewer tablets and have elected to continue taking Sinemet CR4 instead of standard Sinemet. Sinemet CR4 seems to offer a new and effective strategy for the management of levodopa-related fluctuations.
Samson's Body Politic

Samson both leads and represents Israel, a point conveyed by the position of his story in the book of Judges. The pericope both concludes the series of judges that gives the book its title and renarrates the whole. In Judges, the theopolitical takes center stage as Israel seeks to realize the ancestral promises yet rejects the identity as a distinctive people belonging to Yhwh that serves as the fundamental condition of those promises. This article uses a literary-theological approach to explore the way in which Samson lives out this struggle in his very person. By dramatizing Israel's ambivalence toward Yhwh and conflicting attitudes toward the inhabitants of the land, the Samson story manages to probe more deeply into the complexities of the situation and present a more nuanced and powerful picture than the book's summative statements.
Diffusion Coefficients and Polydispersities of the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid: Comparison of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, Pulsed-Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

Diffusion coefficients of the Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) obtained using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PFG-NMR), and flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) were compared as a function of pH (4.0−8.5) and ionic strength (5−500 mM). Diffusion coefficients of the SRFA ranged between 1.9 and 3.5 × 10-10 m2 s-1. These values were fairly constant as a function of both pH and ionic strength and comparable to the limited literature values available. Polydispersity data are shown indicating that there is some degree of size and chemical heterogeneity for this humic sample including a small fraction of SRFA components with a diffusion coefficient smaller than 1 × 10-10 m2 s-1. The results imply that the majority of SRFA components have hydrodynamic diameters between 1.5 and 2.5 nm.
The internalized primal scene

An important critique has been developing that questions the ways in which psychoanalytic theories have conceptualized gender and sexuality. Contemporary (postmodern) feminist theories and the work of gay and lesbian theorists have challenged the traditional psychoanalytic view of gender as formed primarily through fixed, unitary identifications. This paper reviews the classical concept of the primal scene and the Kleinian concept of the combined parent figure and recontextualizes these ideas within contemporary relational theory. The revised metaphor of an internalized primal scene challenges traditional notions of a unitary gender identity and lends support to the postmodern critique of the notion of a core or unified identity. This paper develops the idea that we need both a notion of gender identity and a notion of gender multiplicity; more broadly, we need an emphasis on people both as unified, stable, cohesive subjects and as multiple, fragmented, and different from moment to moment. In line with th...
Novel locomotor muscle design in extreme deep-diving whales

Most marine mammals are hypothesized to routinely dive within their aerobic dive limit (ADL). Mammals that regularly perform deep, long-duration dives have locomotor muscles with elevated myoglobin concentrations that are composed of predominantly large, slow-twitch (Type I) fibers with low mitochondrial volume densities ( V mt). These features contribute to extending ADL by increasing oxygen stores and decreasing metabolic rate. Recent tagging studies, however, have challenged the view that two groups of extreme deep-diving cetaceans dive within their ADLs. Beaked whales (including Ziphius cavirostris and Mesoplodon densirostris ) routinely perform the deepest and longest average dives of any air-breathing vertebrate, and short-finned pilot whales ( Globicephala macrorhynchus ) perform high-speed sprints at depth. We investigated the locomotor muscle morphology and estimated total body oxygen stores of several species within these two groups of cetaceans to determine whether they (1) shared muscle design features with other deep divers and (2) performed dives within their calculated ADLs. Muscle of both cetaceans displayed high myoglobin concentrations and large fibers, as predicted, but novel fiber profiles for diving mammals. Beaked whales possessed a sprinter's fiber-type profile, composed of ~80% fast-twitch (Type II) fibers with low V mt. Approximately one-third of the muscle fibers of short-finned pilot whales were slow-twitch, oxidative, glycolytic fibers, a rare fiber type for any mammal. The muscle morphology of beaked whales likely decreases the energetic cost of diving, while that of short-finned pilot whales supports high activity events. Calculated ADLs indicate that, at low metabolic rates, both beaked and short-finned pilot whales carry sufficient onboard oxygen to aerobically support their dives. * ADL : aerobic dive limit cADL : calculated aerobic dive limit COTTOT : cost of transport DLV : diving lung volume dMR : diving metabolic rate Hb : hemoglobin LMM : locomotor muscle mass Mb : myoglobin SDH : succinate dehydrogenase SOG : slow-twitch, oxidative, glycolytic TBM : total body mass TBV : total blood volume TLC : total lung capacity V li : lipid volume density V mt : mitochondrial volume density V mt,i : interfibrillar mitochondrial volume density V mt,s : subsarcolemmal mitochondrial volume density α-GPDH : α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase βBO2 : blood capacitance coefficient
Radial artery as conduit for distal renal artery reconstruction

Abstract Reconstruction of the renal artery with both saphenous vein and prosthetic material as bypass graft is durable in atherosclerotic disease. Extensive experience with saphenous vein grafts in pediatric patients and patients without atherosclerosis reveals a disturbing incidence of vein graft aneurysm degeneration. Distal renal artery reconstruction involving small branch vessels is generally not amenable to prosthetic reconstruction. We report a new approach to distal renal artery bypass grafting to avert these limitations. Case A 43-year-old man with previously normal blood pressure had malignant hypertension, which proved difficult to control despite use of a β-blocker and an angiotensin II inhibitor. At renal angiography a fusiform aneurysm was revealed in a posterior branch of the right renal artery. The renal artery aneurysm was resected, and the left radial artery was harvested and used as a sequential aortorenal bypass graft to the two branch renal arteries. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient now has normal blood pressure with a calcium channel blocker for maintenance of the radial artery graft. Pathologic analysis revealed a pseudoaneurysm with dissection between the media and external lamella, consistent with fibromuscular dysplasia. Conclusion Autologous artery is the preferred conduit for renal reconstruction in the pediatric population. On the basis of cardiac surgery experience, we used the radial artery and found it to be a technically satisfactory conduit for distal renal reconstruction in a patient without atherosclerosis.
A Proposed Roadmap for Inpatient Neurology Quality Indicators

Background/Purpose: In recent years, there has been increasing pressure to measure and report quality in health care. However, there has been little focus on quality measurement in the field of neu...
Stoichiometric binding of diacylglycerol to the phorbol ester receptor

The major phorbol ester receptor is the Ca++-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C. Diacylglycerol stimulates protein kinase C in a fashion similar to the phorbol esters. Likewise, it inhibits phorbol ester binding competitively. Both results suggest that diacylglycerol is the/an endogenous phorbol ester analogue. Alternatively, the diacylglycerol might simply be acting to modify the phospholipid environment of the protein. If diacylglycerol were indeed functioning as an analogue, it should interact with the receptor stoichiometrically. This interaction can be quantitated by measuring the perturbation in apparent diacylglycerol binding affinity as a function of the ratio of diacylglycerol to receptor. We report here that 1,2-dioleoylglycerol interacts with the receptor with the predicted stoichiometry.
Targeting cancer with telomerase: commentary re Q. Huang et al., a novel conditionally replicative adenovirus vector targeting telomerase-positive tumor cells. Clin. Cancer Res., 10: 1439-1445, 2004.

During the past 50 years, the development and widespread use of antibiotics, vaccines, and other antimicrobial agents has dramatically reduced the mortality caused by infectious agents. These therapeutic successes were achieved, in large part, by the identification and development of approaches that
How knowledge representation meets software engineering (and often databases)

This paper surveys a selection of personal research projects which addressed problems related to Software Engineering, and whose solution was inspired by ideas from the field of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Surprisingly often, the research was also related to problems in Databases. We discuss, in part, to what extent did the KR ideas provide ready-made solutions to SE and DB problems, and how frequently we had to invent new KR techniques.
Vertical extension of the subglacial drainage system into basal crevasses

Water plays a first-order role in basal sliding of glaciers and ice sheets and is often a key constituent of accelerated glacier motion. Subglacial water is known to occupy systems of cavities and conduits at the interface between ice and the underlying bed surface, depending upon the history of water input and the characteristics of the substrate. Full understanding of the extent and configuration of basal water is lacking, however, because direct observation is difficult. This limits our ability to simulate ice dynamics and the subsequent impacts on sea-level rise realistically. Here we show that the subglacial hydrological system can have a large volume of water occupying basal crevasses that extend upward from the bed into the overlying ice. Radar and seismic imaging combined with in situ borehole measurements collected on Bench Glacier, Alaska, reveal numerous water-filled basal crevasses with highly transmissive connections to the bed. Some crevasses extend many tens of metres above the bed and together they hold a volume of water equivalent to at least a decimetre layer covering the bed. Our results demonstrate that the basal hydrologic system can extend high into the overlying ice mass, where basal crevasses increase water-storage capacity and could potentially modulate basal water pressure. Because basal crevasses can form under commonly observed glaciological conditions, our findings have implications for interpreting and modelling subglacial hydrologic processes and related sliding accelerations of glaciers and ice sheets.
Decision-Based Approach for Reliability Design

We propose a decision-based approach for reliability design when there is insufficient information for constructing probabilistic models. The approach enables a designer to perform reliability-cost trade-offs and to assess the importance of variability and epistemic uncertainty. A method for decision under epistemic uncertainty is first presented and justified by presenting axioms on a decision maker’s (DM’s) preferences and by assuming that the DM’s goal is to find the most immune act (in terms of having undesirable consequences) to deviations of the state of the world from an expected state. Thus, the philosophy of the method is similar to that of robust reliability (Ben Haim, Y., 1996, Robust Reliability in the Mechanical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin). A new formulation of reliability design problems is proposed based on the above decision method and is compared to two reliability-based design optimization formulations that minimize cost given a maximum acceptable failure probability or maximize expected utility. The method is demonstrated on a decision where a designer has to choose between two materials for a structure.
Appropriate high tech: Scientific communication options for small third world countries

Abstract Information and communication technologies have transformed the nature of scientific communication. This article examines the suitability of print, microform, online, and CD'ROM technologies for providing access to scientific serials by Third World scientists. Findings from an investigation of the technological and institutional options available to the scientific information system of Sri Lanka, a small country with a poor telecommunications infrastructure, are reported. Online is found most appropriate, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed‐price regimes of the other modes disadvantageous. Policy responses, including the setting up of an online information bureau to gradually build up domestic and international communication levels to justify the introduction of internal and external data communication facilities, are discussed. The recommendations are user‐centered and emphasize the need for continuous monitoring o...
Demonstration of nearly non-degenerate electron conduction in InN grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Electrical characterization of undoped single crystal InN has always exhibited degenerate n-type conductivity. InN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and their resistivity and Hall coefficient were measured as a function of magnetic field. The variable magnetic field Hall measurements coupled with multiple-layer modeling allowed the separation of surface, film, and near surface film electrical conduction, and thus was used to remove degenerate conduction associated with surface and interfacial layers. This approach resulted in the measurement of a temperature–dependent mobility and carrier concentration, and constitutes the first detailed measurement of conduction in InN which is only partially degenerate. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE STRUCTURE OF THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FROM A SWARMING STRAIN OF PATHOGENIC PROTEUS VULGARIS

The structure was determined for the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) isolated from a swarming strain of Proteus vulgaris, CP2-96, which was obtained from the spleen of an infected mouse. The CPS was extracted from the cell pellet by hot water, precipitated with ethanol, and further purified by gel-permeation chromatography. The structure was established by glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, and by NMR spectroscopy. The sequence of the glycosyl residues was determined by a NOESY experiment. The CPS is composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: OAc [symbol: see text] 4 -->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-al pha- D-GlcpA-(1-->.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score at admission independently predicts infection in blunt trauma patients.

Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score has been demonstrated to be an accurate predictor of outcome in critical surgical illness. To our knowledge, there is a paucity of data using SIRS score as a tool to predict posttraumatic infection. Our goal was to determine whether the severity of SIRS score at admission is an accurate predictor of infection in trauma patients. Methods: Prospective data were collected on 4,887 blunt trauma patients admitted to a primary adult resource center designated trauma center over an 18-month period. Patients were stratified by age and Injury Severity Score (ISS). SIRS score was calculated at admission. SIRS was defined as an SIRS score ≥ 2. Each patient was screened for infection by an infectious disease specialist. Those at high risk for infection were then monitored daily throughout their hospitalization. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were used to diagnose infection. Results: Of the 4,887 patients, 1,850 (38%) were admitted > 24 hours and evaluated for subsequent infection (mean ISS, 16 ± 9; mean age, 43 ± 19, SD). Thirty-one percent (577) of the patients acquired an infection. The mean hospital length of stay (20.2 days vs. 6.5 days) and mortality (7.8% vs. 2.7%) were significantly greater in the infected group (p < 0.001). Of the four SIRS variables (temperature, heart rate, white blood cell count, and respiratory rate), hypothermia and leukocytosis were the most significant predictors of infection (p < 0.001) when adjusted for age and ISS. SIRS scores of ≥ 2 were increasingly predictive of infection when analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: An admission SIRS score of ≥ 2 is a significant independent predictor of infection and outcome in blunt trauma. Daily SIRS scores may be a meaningful method of assessing postinjury risk of infection, and may initiate earlier diagnostic intervention for determination of infection.
Cover Picture: Sequential Nucleation and Growth of Complex Nanostructured Films (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2006)

A sequential nucleation and growth process has been developed to construct complex nanostructured films step-by-step from aqueous solutions, as reported by Liu, Voigt, and co-workers on p. 335. This method can be applied to a wide range of materials, and can be combined with top–down techniques to create spatially resolved micropatterns. The cover figure shows images of oriented nanowires, nanoneedles, nanotubes, nanoplates and stacked columns, wagon-wheels, hierarchical films based on wagon-wheels, hierarchically ordered mesophase silicate, and micropatterned flower-like structures. Nanostructured films with controlled architectures are desirable for many applications in optics, electronics, biology, medicine, and energy/chemical conversions. Low-temperature, aqueous chemical routes have been widely investigated for the synthesis of continuous films, and arrays of oriented nanorods and nanotubes. More recently, aqueous-phase routes have been used to produce films composed of more complex crystal structures. In this paper, we discuss recent progress in the synthesis of complex nanostructures through sequential nucleation and growth processes. We first review the use of multistage, seeded-growth methods to synthesize a wide range of nanostructures, including oriented nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoneedles, as well as laminated films, columns, and multilayer heterostructures. We then describe more recent work on the application of sequential nucleation and growth to the systematic assembly of large arrays of hierarchical, complex, oriented, and ordered crystal architectures. The multistage aqueous chemical route is shown to be applicable to several technologically important materials, and therefore may play a key role in advancing complex nanomaterials into applications.
Ziprasidone monotherapy is ineffective for bipolar-associated anxiety.

Anxiety disorders are common among patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar patients with anxiety disorders have poorer treatment outcomes, greater numbers of suicide attempts, higher rates of substance abuse and lower quality of life.1 Complicating treatment, standard antianxiety agents, such as antidepressants, may worsen the course of bipolar disorder, and there is conflicting evidence about antipsychotics. Some data support the use of quetiapine2 or olanzapine for the treatment of bipolar anxiety, while one trial found risperidone to be ineffective.3
Biofuels and agriculture: a past perspective and uncertain future

The US corn ethanol industry has grown from virtually nothing in the early 1980s to over 14 billion gallons in 2011. Subsidies have been an important impetus for the industry, and they have existed in one form or another throughout the life of the industry. This paper provides (1) a brief look at the history of the linkages between energy and agriculture and how they have changed with biofuels; (2) a review of some of the major impacts of the US corn ethanol program; and (3) analysis of prospective impacts of cellulosic biofuels. There is no doubt that biofuels have brought about a new era for global agriculture. Historically, the prices of agricultural and energy products moved in response to supply and demand factors relevant to each market, but moved largely independent of one another. Corn ethanol has changed that, and today there is a link between crude oil and corn that is driven by the demand side. Since agricultural commodity prices are linked both on the demand and supply sides, the corn–crude oi...
The relationship between Luder's strain, testing system compliance and other phenomenological variables affecting serrated yielding of recrystallized iron

Abstract Constant cross-head speed uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on recrystallized iron wires (0.0016 m diameter) which exhibited serrated yielding as a single Luder's band front advanced intermittently from one grip to the other. The ranges of temperature and cross-head speed were, respectively, 383 and 508 K and 8.3 × 10−7−8.3 × 10−6m/s. Average load drop amplitude, ΔL , was about 25 per cent of the peak stress. The effect of testing system compliance, C, on the number of equal load drops, n, during serrated yielding was determined. It was found that the number of load drops decreased as compliance increased. The following relationships for average Luder's band front advance during a single load drop was established, a i = l0/n where l0 = gagelength. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that average Luder's strain during the ith load drop, \ g3 i is given by \ g3g i = C i ΔL i / a i = nC i ΔL i /l 0 . It was concluded that analysis of the ith load drop is a valuable new method for studying Luder's strain during serrated yielding.
The Politics of Termination: Concepts and Process

This article clarifies some of the theoretical issues relevant to the concept of termination of public policies. It distinguishes between functional and structural termination, considering the first to reflect an end to policy or program activities, the second to reflect an end to institutional arrangements that have responsibility for policies or programs. Their Interrelationship is analyzed. The authors find that few programs or policies are terminated; fewer bureaus, agencies, or departments are eliminated. In fact, efforts at termination occasionally lead to an expansion of resources. An application of these concepts and this framework in the case of community health care in Nebraska demonstrates their potential utility for understanding termination.
Diagnostic use of B-cell alloantigen D8/17 in rheumatic chorea

Two unrelated patients with a family history of rheumatic fever had isolated, acquired chorea. Both index cases, as well as affected family members, had increased expression of the rheumatic B-cell alloantigen D8/17. This test may help differentiate Sydenham chorea from lupus chorea.
PMU deployment for optimal state estimation performance

The future ‘smart’ grid will see increasing deployments of intelligent electronic devices (IED), that sense the grid state variables so as to support enhanced, real-time monitoring and control within a service area for achieving increased operational efficiency, reliability and security. Increasing penetration of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) like devices within the distribution grid are anticipated; however, due to the high cost of PMU installation, their deployment will continue to be selective for the foreseeable future. Previous work has largely focused on achieving full topological observability with (appropriately placed) minimal number of PMUs for a given network. We observe that there typically exist multiple minimal-PMU sets that achieve full observability, affording an additional degree of freedom to select an optimal choice among this set. We define the desired solution as the placement that also achieves best state estimation performance. Accordingly, we propose two approaches — a greedy algorithm and an integer programming method to determine the PMU locations that minimize the mean-squared state estimation error.
Past and Possible Future Earthquakes of Significance to the San Diego Region

Abstract The potential for earthquakes that may significantly affect the San Diego, California, region is examined from the viewpoint of geology, seismic history, and strong ground motion. We have compiled the best available data on slip rates and recurrence times for all major faults in southern California and northern Baja California, identified possible fault segments that might rupture in single earthquakes and obtained repeat times for these events which are consistent with (or at least not contradicted by) trenching studies. The most important faults for San Diego's seismic hazard are the Rose Canyon fault, the Elsinore fault, and faults immediately offshore (Coronado Banks, San Diego trough). There have not been any major earthquakes on any of these nearby faults in historical time, but the geological evidence is clear that such events will eventually occur. San Diego is located on the western flank of the Peninsular Range batholith, and there is weak evidence that attenuation in this batholith mig...
Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation (ABBI): analysis of published experience.

mammographically evident lesions that are suspicious or highly suggestive ofmalignancy [2]. Percutaneous biopsy is less invasive, less expensive, and less deforming than surgery, and has a shorter recovery time. Although most imaging-guided biopsy in the 1980s was performed with fine-needle aspiration. many radiologists subsequently began using instruments that acquire larger volumes of tissue, reducing the frequency of insufficient samples and enabling more accurate characterization ofbenign and malignantlesions [2]. A I 4-gauge automated needle was first used for performing stereotactic breast biopsy in 1990. Studies of automated 14-gauge core biopsy under stereotactic or sonographic guidance showed 87-100% concordance between results of core biopsy and surgical biopsy. Directional vacuum-assisted biopsy technology was subsequently developed; this method facilitates acquisition of larger volumes of tissue and allows placement of a localizing marker at the lesion site. Compared with the 14-gauge automated needle. directional vacuum-assisted biopsy devices showed a higher frequency of calcification retrieval, better characterization of lesions containing atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ, lower rebiopsy rate, and a higher frequency of complete removal of the mammographic lesion. In theory, percutaneous acquisition of even larger volumes of lesional tissue than can be obtamed with current core or directional vacuumassisted biopsy technology may be advantageous in selected cases. Theoretic advantages of wider sampling include the possible decrease in rates of sampling error, imaging-histologic discordance, histologic underestimates, and rebiopsy; higher frequency of complete removal of the mammographic lesion, which may eliminate the need for short-term mammographic follow-up and delay rebiopsy for interval growth detected on subsequent mammograms; and increased potential for complete excision of small infiltrating carcinomas with clear margins, establishing the groundwork for percutaneous treatment of small breast carcinomas in the future.
Behavioral strategies for the reduction of pain and anxiety associated with orthopedic trauma.

This study examined the efficacy of behavioral strategies in alleviating pain and anxiety associated with severe orthopedic trauma. Sixty-four patients with multiple fractures were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) attention only, (3) EMG biofeedback-assisted relaxation, and (4) audiotaped relaxation training. All were measured over at least six sessions, or as long as hospital stay permitted. Significant between group differences were found on the following: systolic blood pressure, pheripheral temperature, subjective units of discomfort, state anxiety, with a trend for use of sleep medications. No differences were found on other vital signs, EMG recordings, or other medications. EMG-biofeedback relaxation and relaxation training were relatively equivalent for all measures, and little or no change was observed for those patients who received attention only or served as controls.
The paradigm of nationalism in Kyrgyzstan. Evolving narrative, the sovereignty issue, and political agenda

Abstract In Kyrgyzstan, nationalism combines a narrative on the titular ethnic group and its relation to a civic, state-based, identity, feelings of imperiled sovereignty, and a rising electorate agenda for political forces. Nationalism has therefore become the engine of an interpretative framework for Kyrgyzstan’s failures and enables the society indirectly to formulate its perception of threat, both on the Uzbek and Kyrgyz sides. To this end, this article first analyzes the double identity narrative, civic and ethnic, of Akayev’s regime, followed by the transformation toward a more ethno-centered Kyrgyz patriotism under Bakiyev, the growing role of the theme of imperiled sovereignty—which culminated with the events in Osh—and how nationalism is today becoming a key element of the political agenda and the public scene.
Depth and focused image recovery from defocused images for cameras operating in macro mode

Depth From Defocus (DFD) is a depth recovery method that needs only two defocused images recorded with different camera settings. In practice, this technique is found to have good accuracy for cameras operating in normal mode. In this paper, we present new algorithms to extend the DFD method to cameras working in macro mode used for very close objects in a distance range of 5 cm to 20 cm. We adopted a new lens position setting suitable for macro mode to avoid serious blurring. We also developed a new calibration algorithm to normalize magnification of images captured with different lens positions. In some range intervals with high error sensitivity, we used an additional image to reduce the error caused by drastic change of lens settings. After finding the object depth, we used the corresponding blur parameter for computing the focused image through image restoration, which is termed as "soft-focusing". Experimental results on a high-end digital camera show that the new algorithms significantly improve the accuracy of DFD in the macro mode. In terms of focusing accuracy, the RMS error is about 15 lens steps out of 1500 steps, which is around 1%.
Gauge-invariant forms of the nonrelativistic Compton amplitude

Various forms of the long-wavelength, nonrelativistic nuclear Compton amplitude are discussed. Simple manipulations allow the usual low-energy theorem for the amplitude to be cast into a manifestly gauge-invariant form, which facilitates interpretation.
Endoparasites and selected infectious agents in bobcats (Felis rufus) from West Virginia and Georgia.

A total of 143 bobcats (Felis rufus) from West Virginia and 10 bobcats from Georgia was examined for parasites and selected infectious agents. A total of 31 species of parasites was recovered including 1 protozoan, 1 trematode, 4 cestodes, 1 acanthocephalan and 24 nematodes. Results indicate bobcats are important definitive hosts for Sarcocystis sp. and Toxoplasma gondii. Thirteen species (Paragonimus kellicotti, Spirometra mansonoides, Taenia macrocystis, T. rileyi, Capillaria putorii, Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara mystax, Ancylostoma braziliense, A. tubaeforme, Osierus rostratus, Molineus barbatus, Physaloptera rara, and Troglostrongylus wilsoni) were considered common components of the helminth fauna of southeastern bobcats. Host age and/or host density had significant relationships (P≤0.05) to the prevalences of infection of some parasites. Salmonella spp. were isolated from six bobcats, and Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from a single bobcat. Bobcat populations studied did not have overt clinica...
Differential modulation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell function by photodynamic therapy of extracellular matrix: novel insights into radical-mediated prevention of intimal hyperplasia.

Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to inhibit experimental intimal hyperplasia and to lead to expedient reendothelialization but negligible repopulation of the vessel media. The mechanism that underlies the differential ingrowth of cells into PDT-treated vessel segments is not undertood. Because the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to modulate specific cell functions, this study was designed to determine whether PDT of isolated ECM affects the function of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods: PDT of bovine aortic EC-ECM was performed with chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine and 675-nm laser light. Control specimens included untreated ECM, ECM-free plates, and ECM exposed to either light or photosensitizer only. Cell function was characterized by attachment, proliferation, and migration of ECs or SMCs that were plated onto identically treated matrixes. Results: SMC attachment (86%±0.4% vs 95%±0.4%), proliferation (46%±0.5% vs 100%±1.4%), and migration (40%±1.0% vs 100%±0.9%) were significantly inhibited after PDT of ECM when compared with untreated ECM (all p p Conclusions: This report establishes PDT-induced changes in the ECM with a result of inhibition of SMCs and stimulation of EC functions. It provides insight into how PDT-treated arteries can develop favorable EC repopulation without SMC-derived intimal hyperplasia. These findings may help provide a better understanding of the interactions between cells and their immediate environment in vascular remodeling.
Clinical and economic outcome of mechanically ventilated patients in New York State during 1993: analysis of 10,473 cases under DRG 475.

Study objectives To examine and describe the relationship between age and disposition in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Design Retrospective analysis of a statewide database. Setting All acute-care hospitals in New York State. Patients All patients (n=10,473) aged ≥18 years discharged from hospital during 1993 with a final diagnosis related group (DRG) coding of 475. Interventions None. Measurements and results The final disposition, according to six codes (other acute-care facility, residential health-care facility, other health-care facility, home, home health-care services, and death) were examined for the whole population. Cost per case was assumed to equal the average statewide Medicaid rate. An inverse relationship between survival rate and age was observed and this resulted in an age-related increased cost per survivor. Also, survivors in older age groups have an increasing rate of hospital discharge to residential health-care facilities. Conclusion Patients who undergo mechanical ventilation are expensive to care for. The older they are, the less satisfactory is the outcome both from clinical and economic perspectives.
Recovering Substance Abuse Staff Members' Beliefs About Addiction

Abstract This study of 329 substance abuse treatment staff assessed how recovery status, in combination with other variables, influences beliefs about the causes and treatment of substance abuse. About 15% (n = 47) of participants were “in recovery” from substance abuse problems; these staff members were not significantly different than nonrecovering staff members on education, age, race/ethnicity, years of clinical experience, or amount of client contact. When examined in a multiple regression equation that also included age, education, and treatment program goals and activities, staff members' recovery status was not associated with endorsement of disease and psychosocial models of substance abuse. However, being in recovery was associated with endorsing an eclectic approach to substance abuse treatment. The importance of recognizing the diversity of beliefs about substance abuse among recovering staff and of acknowledging that multiple influences affect all staff members viewpoints on treatment is discussed.
Secrecy and Openness in Psychotherapy

In the previous two chapters, I described the benefits of revealing secrets in a journal or diary, and in these remaining chapters, I move into a more complex analysis of what happens when revealing secrets to another person, starting with one′s therapist. Psychotherapy clients could be expected to reveal their secrets completely to their therapists, no? Actually, even though they were paying a good deal of money for their treatment, 46% of a sample of clients in long-term therapy (Hill et al., 1993) and 60% of a sample of short-term therapy outpatients (Kelly, 1998) reported keeping some major secret from their therapists.
ACL Research Retreat V: An Update on ACL Injury Risk and Prevention, March 25–27, 2010, Greensboro, NC

It has been well recognized that multiple factors, whether individually or in combination, contribute to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The ongoing mission of the ACL Research Retreat is to bring clinicians and researchers together to present and discuss the most recent advances in ACL injury epidemiology, risk factor identification, and injury-risk screening and prevention strategies and to identify future research directives. The sixth retreat held March 22–24, 2012, in Greensboro, North Carolina, was attended by more than 70 clinicians and researchers, including representatives from Canada, Iceland, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, and South Africa. The meeting featured keynote presentations and discussion forums by expert scientists in ACL injury risk and prevention and 34 podium and poster presentations by attendees. Keynotes delivered by Ajit Chaudhari, PhD (The Ohio State University), Malcolm Collins, PhD (Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, South Africa), and Tron Krosshaug, PhD (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norway) described their ongoing work related to proximal trunk control and lower extremity biomechanics, genetic risk factors associated with ACL injury, and methodologic approaches to understanding ACL loading mechanisms, respectively. Discussion forums led by Jennifer Hootman, PhD, ATC, FNATA, FACSM (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and Scott McLean, PhD (University of Michigan), focused on strategies for implementing injury-prevention programs in community settings and took a critical look at the strengths and limitations of motion-capture systems and how we might continue to refine our research approaches to increase the relevance and influence of our biomechanical research, respectively. Podium and poster presentations were organized into thematic sessions of anatomical, genetic, and hormone risk factors; the role of body position in ACL injury risk; pubertal and sex differences in lower extremity biomechanics; injury-risk screening and prevention; and methodologic considerations in risk factor research. Substantial time was provided for group discussion throughout the conference. From these discussions, the 2010 consensus statement1 was updated to reflect recent advances in the field and to chart new directions for future research. Following is the updated consensus statement. The presentation abstracts organized by topic and presentation order appear online at http://nata.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/nata/jat.
Variational integrators and the Newmark algorithm for conservative and dissipative mechanical systems

The purpose of this work is twofold. First, we demonstrate analytically that the classical Newmark family as well as related integration algorithms are variational in the sense of the Veselov formulation of discrete mechanics. Such variational algorithms are well known to be symplectic and momentum preserving and to often have excellent global energy behavior. This analytical result is veried through numerical examples and is believed to be one of the primary reasons that this class of algorithms performs so well. Second, we develop algorithms for mechanical systems with forcing, and in particular, for dissipative systems. In this case, we develop integrators that are based on a discretization of the Lagrange d'Alembert principle as well as on a variational formulation of dissipation. It is demonstrated that these types of structured integrators have good numerical behavior in terms of obtaining the correct amounts by which the energy changes over the integration run.
Implementation of a screen and treat program for child posttraumatic stress disorder in a school setting after a school suicide

To provide effective treatments for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) children with PTSD must first be identified. The authors implemented a "screen and treat" program following a widely witnessed school suicide. Three months after the suicide, exposed students received the Child Trauma Symptom Questionnaire at school. Parents received the questionnaire to rate their children's PTSD symptoms. Children with scores >/=5 received follow-up interviews and those diagnosed with PTSD were referred for treatment. Ninety-six percent of exposed students were screened, 14% screened positive, and 6% had PTSD. Child and parent agreement was generally poor. All children with PTSD were successfully referred to treatment. Screen and treat programs using existing clinical instruments are efficient and acceptable for use in school settings following trauma. Language: en
Promoting self-awareness and reflection through an experiential mind-body skills course for first year medical students.

Background: This research examines student evaluations of their experience and attitudes in an 11 week mind-body skills course for first year medical students. Aims: The aim is to understand the impact of this course on students’ self-awareness, self-reflection, and self-care as part of their medical education experience. Methods: This study uses a qualitative content analysis approach to data analysis. The data are 492 verbatim responses from 82 students to six open-ended questions about the students’ experiences and attitudes after a mind-body skills course. These questions queried students’ attitudes about mind-body medicine, complementary medicine, and their future as physicians using these approaches. Results: The data revealed five central themes in students’ responses: connections, self discovery, stress relief, learning, and medical education. Conclusions: Mind-body skills groups represent an experiential approach to teaching mind-body techniques that can enable students to achieve self-awareness and self-reflection in order to engage in self-care and to gain exposure to mind-body medicine while in medical school.