cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of inoculation of vegetable processing wastes with lactobacillus plantarum on silage fermentation

Small amounts (450 g) of experimental silages were prepared from green beans and potato processing wastes. Green bean wastes were dried or mixed with peanut (groundnut) hulls to reduce the percentage of moisture in the silage. Potatoes were not treated to remove moisture. The effects of inoculating these food processing wastes with Lactobacillus plantarum (5 × 106 g−1 wet weight) on pH decline, microbial populations and volatile and non-volatile fatty acids were determined. The inoculum decreased pH, increased lactic acid and decreased acetic and other volatile acids in some silages. All silages had high numbers of streptococci initially and this population was succeeded by lactobacilli with higher numbers of the latter microflora observed in inoculated silages. Yeasts, moulds and clostridia were recovered in high numbers only in un-inoculated silages prepared with peanut hulls. Although control silages had pH declines probably adequate for preservation, the bacterial additive had an overall beneficial effect on these fermentations.
Integrity of five granular insecticide carriers in house sparrow gizzards

This study evaluated the integrity of five granular insecticide carriers in gizzards of house sparrows (Passer domesttcus). Bentonite clay and gypsum granules disintegrated very rapidly in gizzards, heat-treated clay and corncob particles were retained in gizzards for several hours, and silica granules were the most persistent. Granule integrity may influence granule consumption rates and thus should be considered in assessments of avian exposure to granular insecticides.
Is alarm calling risky? Marmots avoid calling from risky places

Alarm calling is common in many species. A prevalent assumption is that calling puts the vocalizing individual at increased risk of predation. If calling is indeed costly, we need special explanations for its evolution and maintenance. In some, but not all species, callers vocalize away from safety and thus may be exposed to an increased risk of predation. However, for species that emit bouts with one or a few calls, it is often difficult to identify the caller and find the precise location where a call was produced. We analyzed the spatial dynamics of yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calling using an acoustic localization system to determine the location from where calls were emitted. Marmots almost always called from positions close to the safety of their burrows, and, if they produced more than one alarm call, tended to end their calling bouts closer to safety than they started them. These results suggest that for this species, potential increased predation risk from alarm calling is greatly mitigated and indeed calling may have limited predation costs.
Superconductor RF filtering and CDMA capacity

This paper exploits how the interference suppression capability of the front-end RF filter in a cellular base station affects the performance characteristics of a dual CDMA cellular communication system. Analytical results of degradation on CDMA system performance in the presence of intersystem interference is analyzed, where the intersystem interference is caused by intermodulation between two neighboring channel signals associated respectively with two competing cellular service providers in a given geographic area. Because of user mobility and CDMA power control, such interference introduced by the rival system cars can be very significant at the cell site receiver and drastically impacts the performance. The superior intermodulation suppression ability of a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC) RF front-end filter at a CDMA base station receiver is shown to be critical for the system performance in this paper.
Marketing Madness, or How Marketing Departments Think they're in Two Places at Once when they're Not Anywhere at all (According to Some):

Marketing educators must examine the culture in their departments if they are to provide a high quality education in a changing environment. This article addresses the objectives of marketing education and evaluates the current culture of many marketing departments as it applies to those educational objectives.
Fluid-Mechanics Mechanisms in the Stall Process of Airfoils for Helicopters

The stalling of helicopter rotor blades occurs on the retreating side of the rotor disk. The lower velocity on the retreating side (typically 0.3 to 0.5 Mach number) is compensated for by higher lift coefficients, which require higher angles of attack. When stall occurs, the blade dynamic and elastic properties become important in determining the subsequent changes in angle of attack. The aerodynamics of dynamic stall govern the aeroelastic response and can lead to a dynamic response known as stall flutter. In describing the fluid mechanics involved in dynamic stall, the blade motions must be taken into account. The three basic structural modes that are excited by dynamic stall are the blade torsional mode, the bending (normal to the chord) mode, and the flapping mode. The excitation of these three modes is illustrated in Fig. 1 from Crimi’s aeroelastic analysis of a two-dimensional section of a helicopter blade in [5.83] and [5.84]. The three basic structural modes of motion, at three different frequencies, contribute to the angle of attack. The mixture of modes causes the sequence of stall and unstall occurrences to be at irregular time intervals. The structural response most important to the angle of attack is the pitching-angle displacement. The sharp spikes in the aerodynamic pitching moment act as a series of impulses to cause pitching oscillations.
The Role of the Cotton Textile Industry in the Economic Development of the American Southeast, 1900-1940

Previous studies of the textile industry in the South have generally emphasized the advantages to the industry of a southern location. In this study, the effect on the development of 207 counties in the Piedmont of heavy investment in textiles over the 1900-1940 period is considered. Since the region remained in 1940 the most underdeveloped in the nation by most indicators of economic progress, despite seven decades of rapid manufacturing growth, the role of the dominant manufacturing industry as a genuine transforming agent is questioned. Through cross-section regression analysis of the 207 counties, we saw that one of the significant factors explaining variations in levels of per capita output actually achieved in several census years over the 19001940 period was concentration in textile production.' But this does not allow us to conclude that the industry was, by that fact, a powerful "engine of growth." Rather, our study of the southern textile belt has demonstrated the need for at least two important modifications of the customary analysis of the industrialization process in the underdeveloped economy characterized by surplus labor. First, even though an industry may fall into the labor-intensive category, relative to other industries, in several historical periods, significant changes in its technology over time may greatly affect its potential as an agent of development. General technological advances in the intervening periods, if adopted by the industry, may also affect its organizational pattern. We selected for special examination several interrelated features of the southern textile industry which differed sharply from Lancashire and New England textile organization when the three regions are looked at in the aggregate: average plant scale, the level and rate of vertical integration, and the pattern of geographical settlement. The fact that the cotton textile industry, relative even to other laborintensive industry, is characterized by few economies of scale, is generally pointed out as one of its chief advantages for the labor surplus economy. But the question of relative efficiency in production methods arises here. Using average plant scale as a rough indicator of efficiency in production, we find that if only technical operations involved in cloth production are taken into account, the average southern mill met the minimum scale re-
Is concrete a poromechanics materials?—A multiscale investigation of poroelastic properties

There is an ongoing debate, in Concrete Science and Engineering, whether cementitious materials can be viewed as poromechanics materials in the sense of the porous media theory. The reason for this debate is that a main part of the porosity of these materials manifests itself at a scale where the water phase cannot be considered as a bulk water phase, but as structural water; in constrast to water in the gel porosity and the capillary porosity. The focus of this paper is two-fold: (1) to review the microstructure of cementitious materials in the light of microporomechanics theory by starting at the scale where physical chemistry meets mechanics, and which became recently accessible to mechanical testing (nanoindentation):(2) to provide estimates of the poroelastic properties (drained and undrained stiffness, Biot coefficient, Biot modulus, Skempton coefficient) of cementitious materials (cement paste, mortar and concrete) by means of advanced homogenization techniques of microporomechanics. This combined experimental-theoretical microporomechanics approach allows us to deliver a blueprint of the elementary poroelastic properties of all cementitious materials, which do not change from one cementitious material to another, but which are intrinsic properties. These properties result from the intrinsic gel porosity of low density and high density C-S-H, which yield a base Biot coefficient of 0.61<b⪯0.71 and a Skempton coefficient ofB=0.20–0.25. While the base Biot coefficient decreases gradually at larger scales, because of the addition of non-porous solid phases (Portlandite,..., aggregates), it is shown that the Skempton coefficient is almost constant over 3–5 orders of magnitude.
Transitions into Teaching: Learning to Teach Writing in Teacher Education and Beyond

This longitudinal study followed 10 beginning teachers from their last year of preservice education into their first 3 years of full-time teaching. Using sociocultural theory, we describe how these teachers appropriated a set of pedagogical tools for teaching writing. Data sources included approximately 5 interviews and at least 5 classroom observations a year, as well as observations and interviews with cooperating teachers, supervisors, and mentor teachers. The analysis suggests that teachers drew on pedagogical tools introduced during teacher education to develop their classroom practice. Conceptual tools that were buttressed with practical strategies proved to be most influential. The settings in which teachers taught also shaped teachers' developing understanding and practice. Finally, pedagogical tools developed during teacher education were even more evident during the teachers' 2nd year of teaching, as they tried to approximate their goal of good language arts instruction. The results of this stud...
The electrocardiogram in cor pulmonale with and without emphysema

Abstract The electrocardiograms of two groups of autopsy cases of cor pulmonale were studied. One group of 15 cases represents patients with severe pulmonary emphysema with cor pulmonale. The second group of 13 represents patients with pulmonary thromboembolism or idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Certain electrocardiographic features were virtually limited to the emphysema group: a P wave axis of 90 ° in the frontal plane, low voltage QRS complex in the limb leads or in leads V 5 or V 6 , lead I sign (very low P, QRS and T complexes in lead I), and a QS pattern in mid-precordial leads. An R to S ratio of less than unity in leads V 5 and V 6 was not specific for emphysema. An R wave of 7 mm. or more in lead V 1 was found in only 1 of the emphysema group, but in 7 of the group without emphysema. "P pulmonale" was found in one third of the emphysema group but was inconstant. Paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias were common in the group with emphysema and cor pulmonale, but chronic atrial arrhythmia was absent in both groups.
Changes in Plasma Volatile Fatty Acids in Response to Weaning and Feed Intake in Young Calves

Abstract Effects of weaning age on plasma VFA were examined using 16 Holstein heifer calves. Animals entered the study at 6 ± 3.5 d of age and were fed 1.8 kg milk twice daily to 28 (early weaning) or 56 d (late weaning) and a commercial pelleted calf starter from 0 (early) or 28 (late) d. Blood was sampled once weekly for 14 wk Total blood concentrations of VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate were higher in calves weaned early. Difference between treatments was greatest during wk 5 to 8, after early calves had been weaned. Total VFA and acetate were both highly correlated with grain intake (r = .77), whereas propionate (r = .47) and butyrate (r = .56) were less highly correlated. Data indicate that blood VFA responded rapidly to dry feed intake, and adaptation to high grain diets was complete by 1 to 2 wk postweaning.
Automatically characterizing resource quality for educational digital libraries

With the rise of community-generated web content, the need for automatic characterization of resource quality has grown, particularly in the realm of educational digital libraries. We demonstrate how identifying concrete factors of quality for web-based educational resources can make machine learning approaches to automating quality characterization tractable. Using data from several previous studies of quality, we gathered a set of key dimensions and indicators of quality that were commonly identified by educators. We then performed a mixed-method study of digital library curation experts, showing that our characterization of quality captured the subjective processes used by the experts when assessing resource quality for classroom use. Using key indicators of quality selected from a statistical analysis of our expert study data, we developed a set of annotation guidelines and annotated a corpus of 1000 digital resources for the presence or absence of these key quality indicators. Agreement among annotators was high, and initial machine learning models trained from this corpus were able to identify some indicators of quality with as much as an 18% improvement over the baseline.
Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte/agarose culture

This study focuses on the effect of static and dynamic mechanical compression on the biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes cultured within agarose gel. Chondrocyte/agarose disks (3 mm diameter) were placed between impermeable platens and subjected to uniaxial unconfined compression at various times in culture (2-43 days). [35S]sulfate and [3H]proline radiolabel incorporation were used as measures of proteoglycan and protein synthesis, respectively. Graded levels of static compression (up to 50%) produced little or no change in biosynthesis at very early times, but resulted in significant decreases in synthesis with increasing compression amplitude at later times in culture; the latter observation was qualitatively similar to that seen in intact cartilage explants. Dynamic compression of approximately 3% dynamic strain amplitude (approximately equal to 30 microns displacement amplitude) at 0.01-1.0 Hz, superimposed on a static offset compression, stimulated radiolabel incorporation by an amount that increased with time in culture prior to loading as more matrix was deposited around and near the cells. This stimulation was also similar to that observed in cartilage explants. The presence of greater matrix content at later times in culture also created differences in biosynthetic response at the center versus near the periphery of the 3 mm chondrocyte/agarose disks. The fact that chondrocyte response to static compression was significantly affected by the presence or absence of matrix, as were the physical properties of the disks, suggested that cell-matrix interactions (e.g. mechanical and/or receptor mediated) and extracellular physicochemical effects (increased [Na+], reduced pH) may be more important than matrix-independent cell deformation and transport limitations in determining the biosynthetic response to static compression. For dynamic compression, fluid flow, streaming potentials, and cell-matrix interactions appeared to be more significant as stimuli than the small increase in fluid pressure, altered molecular transport, and matrix-independent cell deformation. The qualitative similarity in the biosynthetic response to mechanical compression of chondrocytes cultured in agarose gel and chondrocytes in intact cartilage further indicates that gel culture preserves certain physiological features of chondrocyte behavior and can be used to investigate chondrocyte response to physical and chemical stimuli in a controlled manner.
Sectoral Strengths and Weaknesses of Advanced Countries in Science

In the previous Chapters the sectoral specialization of technological activities of advanced countries is investigated by means of patent-based indicators. In this Chapter, the same approach will be followed in the analysis of the sectoral strengths and weaknesses of national scientific activities; the main indicators used to describe the countries’ specialization will be publications and citations in the scientific literature. The interest of a comparison between the sectoral patterns of specialization in science and technology lies in the complex interrelations existing between the research activities of more fundamental nature taking place in institutions (universities, public and private research laboratories, etc.) devoted to the advancement of science on the one hand, and the research and development activities taking place in firms and other institutions (applied research laboratories, technical universities, etc.) focusing on technological innovation on the other.
Approximate Power for Repeated-Measures ANOVA Lacking Sphericity

Abstract Violation of sphericity of covariance across repeated measures inflates Type I error rates in univariate repeated-measures analysis of variance. Hence the use of Geisser—Greenhouse or Huynh—Feldt is now common (to provide improved Type I error rate). With nonsphericity, no method has been available to compute power. A convenient method is suggested for approximating power and test size under nonsphericity. New approximations are suggested for (a) a weighted sum of independent noncentral χ2,s, (b) the trace of a noncentral Wishart (or pseudo-Wishart) matrix, (c) the expected values of and , and (d) the noncentral test statistic, whether corrected or uncorrected. The new approximations are extensions of the work of Box (1954a,b) and Satterthwaite (1941). The method performed well when evaluated against published and new simulations.
Rewriting Marie de France: The anonymous Lai du conseil

Interrelationships among the lais of Marie de France and the anonymous Old French narrative lais have elicited controversy over a number of fundamental literary-historical and methodological issues. Was Marie de France-whose iden tity remains an open question' -the exclusive author of the lais in London, British Library, MS Harley 978 ?2 Which lais belong to each corpus?3 A long-standing "working notion" conventionally attributes the twelve lais in Harley 978 to "Marie de France" and some twenty others to an unknown author or authors.4 This distinction has in recent decades been progressively reinforced by numerous
The Early Intellectual Growth and Development of William Leo Hansberry and the Birth of African Studies

William Leo Hansberry's early years (1894-1916) and his search for Africa occurred during what historian Rayford W. Logan described as the "nadir" of postslavery race relations. In addition, his early development in Mississippi coincided with "Negrophobia" among Whites, the period of constitutional disfranchisement of African Americans, and the rise of Jim Crow. Nevertheless, Hansberry emerged committed to study African peoples in Africa and the diaspora. The initial stages in his development as an academician and intellectual derived from the foundation he received from his family, the tradition of resistance and black nationalism in the African American community in Mississippi, and the succession of committed administrators and educators at Alcorn State University. Later, while attending high school and college at Old Atlanta University, Hansberry discovered and read W.E.B. Du Bois's book The Negro (1915/1975), and he suddenly felt freed from a state of psychological bondage. This new insight, along with his ethnocentrism or, more accurately, his African-centrism, unleashed a relentless fervor toward African Studies. Young Leo migrated from Atlanta, Georgia, to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Harvard University (1916-1920), on a mission to read all of the books on Du Bois's suggested reading list. Interestingly, his Harvard tenure provided more than he anticipated. This migration north marked a fundamental turning point for African Americans in general and Hansberry in particular. While he read the
The state model of communication networks

Finite state automata (FSA) are frequently used as modeling tools to describe the essential characteristics of a wide variety of communication networks. This paper presents a state model for the class of n-Star Graphs (n-SG). The primary application of modeling n-SG's by FSA is the development of node-independent algorithms for mapping various topologies into the n-SG network. These algorithms are rule-based and their outputs are not influenced by the initiating node labels.
Prehistoric animal use on the Great Hungarian Plain: A synthesis of isotope and residue analyses from the Neolithic and Copper Age

The archaeological record of Eastern Hungary indicates that settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, ceramic style, trade patterns and mortuary customs changed from the Late Neolithic to the Copper Age (5000–2700 cal BC). Despite a rich archaeological tradition, questions remain regarding the management and use of domesticated animals and the role animal husbandry played in social change during this transition. Some researchers have hypothesized that these changes reflect a shift towards an economy that intensified its focus on primary and perhaps secondary animal products. Here we synthesize isotope data from human and animal remains and residue analysis from pottery sherds from Neolithic and Copper Age assemblages. Results indicate that the consumption and use of animal protein and fat was relatively high for both periods, with an increase in animal fats in ceramic vessels during the Middle Copper Age; however, milk products do not appear to have played an important dietary role. We conclude that livestock management remained small-scale during the Neolithic and Copper Age and that dairy use was minimal. It is proposed that the cultural changes that occurred at this time were associated with the emergence of smaller, independent farmsteads and perhaps the innovative use of secondary products like manure.
Orientation-tuned fMRI adaptation in human visual cortex

Adaptation is a general property of almost all neural systems and has been a longstanding tool of psychophysics because of its power to isolate and temporarily reduce the contribution of specific neural populations. Recently, adaptation designs have been extensively applied in functional MRI (fMRI) studies to infer neural selectivity in specific cortical areas. However, there has been considerable variability in the duration of adaptation used in these experiments. In particular, although long-term adaptation has been solidly established in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies, it has been incorporated into few fMRI studies. Furthermore, there has been little validation of fMRI adaptation using stimulus dimensions with well-known adaptive properties (e.g., orientation) and in better understood regions of cortex (e.g., primary visual cortex, V1). We used an event-related fMRI experiment to study long-term orientation adaptation in the human visual cortex. After long-term adaptation to an oriented pattern, the fMRI response in V1, V2, V3/VP, V3A, and V4 to a test stimulus was proportional to the angular difference between the adapting and test stimuli. However, only V3A and V4 showed this response pattern with short-term adaptation. In a separate experiment, we measured behavioral contrast detection thresholds after adaptation and found that the fMRI signal in V1 closely matched the psychophysically derived contrast detection thresholds. Similar to the fMRI results, adaptation induced threshold changes strongly depended on the duration of adaptation. In addition to supporting the existence of adaptable orientation-tuned neurons in human visual cortex, our results show the importance of considering timing parameters in fMRI adaptation experiments.
Development of an Epithermal Neutron Detector for Non-Destructive Measurement of Concrete Hydration

Portland cement concrete technology depends on the reactions between water and the constituents of the Portland cement powder, which are primarily tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate. The main reaction, involving tricalcium silicate, is given by: $$ 3CaO \bullet SiO_2 + zH_2 O \to xCa \bullet SiO_2 \bullet y\left( {OH} \right) \bullet nH_2 O\, + \,\left( {3 - x} \right)Ca\left( {OH} \right)_2 $$ (1) where:z = n+2y+(3-x).
Visceral oxygen consumption during chronic feed restriction and realimentation in sheep.

The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to estimate the time required to reach equilibrium in splanchnic tissue oxygen (O 2 ) consumption rates after a feed restriction that maintained BW; and second, to estimate the time following a subsequent realimentation required to reach equilibrium. Catheters were placed in a cranial mesenteric vein, the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, and the abdominal aorta of six wethers. Wethers were allowed to eat ad libitum 2 h/d. At 49.9±2.7 kg two wethers were assigned to the high group, which continued to receive the 2 h/d ad libitum meal. Four wethers were assigned to the low group for 80 d and were restricted to 70% of the average meal each consumed during the week before restriction. Hepatic and portal-drained viscera (PDV) O 2 consumption rates were determined the day before restriction (day 0) and on d 10, 24, 38, 52, 66, and 80 of restriction. After d 80 of restriction, wethers assigned to the low group were fed the 2 h/d ad libitum meal, and hepatic and PDV O 2 consumption rates were determined on d 7, 14, 28, and 42 of realimentation. At 80 d of restriction, PDV and hepatic O 2 consumptions were 60 and 65%, respectively, of the d-0 rate. Hepatic tissue required 21 d and PDV required 29 d to be within 5% of the new steady-state O 2 consumption rates after restriction
Component choices in primary knee arthroplasty

Abstract Total knee arthroplasty implant systems are numerous and differ in morphology, kinematic function, fixation, and biomaterials. This article discusses the most pertinent literature regarding high-flexion, mobile bearing and gender designs, bi-cruciate retaining TKA, PS and CR designs, anterior-lipped and ultra-congruent bearings, cementless fixation, highly cross-linked and vitamin-E polyethylene, and patella resurfacing. At this point in time, it remains difficult to substantiate that one particular implant design is superior to another, likely due to the currently available outcome measures not being sensitive enough to discern clinically meaningful differences.
The Bedtime Pass

Publisher Summary The bedtime pass is a viable and effective strategy to employ for children who present with bedtime struggles or bedtime refusal. Bedtime difficulties typically include resistance to going to bed and falling asleep. Such behaviors are reinforced or sustained by delaying bedtime, and maintaining contact with caregivers. The pass is an appropriate intervention or strategy for children who are able to initiate sleep independently in their own beds or rooms. Some children exhibit independent sleep onset skills, but resist remaining in bed or falling asleep for an extended period of time. Bedtime refusal includes resisting getting ready for bed and engaging in the bedtime routine, and/or calling out from bed or coming out of the bedroom after bedtime, or upon awakening during the night. These children have the skill to fall asleep on their own, but they demonstrate insufficient motivation to do so.
Physical impairments and physical therapy services for minority and low-income breast cancer survivors

Purpose We describe impairments after breast cancer and its treatment for African American (AA), non-Hispanic white and low-income breast cancer survivors (BCS) and whether physical therapy (PT) was utilized to address these impairments.
Polymers and Molecular Wires as Chemical Sensors

Conjugated molecular wires and polymers represent an exciting area of research in chemosensors and biosensors. Based on rapid electron and energy transfer paths, these highly correlated one-dimensional systems have been found to demonstrate “million-fold” sensitivity compared to monomolecular sensor analogs. More significantly, modifications in the polymer backbone, intermolecular interactions, and electrostatics have recently been used to dramatically improve selectivity as well. In this review, we explore advances in the area of molecular wire polymer chemosensors from the past decade to provide insight for the design of future more sensitive and selective systems.
Virtual Tests for Facilitating Steering Wheel Development

A steering wheel is an indispensable component in an automobile. Although the steering wheel was invented about one hundred years ago and its structure has since become more and more complex with numerous innovations, documented analysis on steering wheel performance is very limited. Today, a steering wheel is not only a wheel that controls where your car goes; it also plays an important role in a vehicle occupant protection system. Therefore, many requirements have to be met before a steering wheel goes into production. With the development of computational mechanics and increasing computer capability, it has become much easier to evaluate the steering wheel performance in a totally different way. Instead of running prototype tests, steering wheel designs can be modeled virtually in various scenarios using finite element analysis, thus facilitating the development cycle. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the modeling, simulation and challenges faced in the analysis of steering wheels.
The Knight Stick Trap and Knight Stick Sticky Wraps: New Tools for Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Management.

Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), management can be difficult, especially in situations where pesticide usage is restricted or disallowed. Traps have been used for monitoring stable flies, but have rarely been used for management. The Knight Stick (KS) trap recently became available, and preliminary studies indicated that it might be an improvement to traps currently in use. The Olson Sticky Fly trap was chosen as the control trap for the purpose of comparisons. Both traps attract stable flies by alteration of light waves and capture flies on a sticky wrap covering the trap base. The KS trap captured 3× more stable flies than the Olson trap, whereas the Olson trap base covered with the KS Sticky wrap captured 3-5× more stable flies than the Olson trap base with the standard Olson Sticky wrap. This indicated inherent attraction from the KS Sticky wrap. This was supported when KS Tank wraps, a larger version of the KS Sticky wraps, applied to 51 kg of liquid propane (LP) tanks on Mosquito Magnet Independence traps producing CO2, captured significantly more stable flies and significantly more stable flies per square centimeter of sticky wrap than Olson Sticky Sleeve wraps applied to the LP tanks. In a final study, when two configurations of KS Tank wraps were applied to white plastic barrels and compared with three standard KS traps, mean numbers of stable flies captured were numerically similar. The significance of findings and potential uses for the traps are discussed.
Positive correlation of anti-herpes simplex type I virus antibody levels with pemphigus vulgaris disease status and activity in a large patient cohort.

It is well accepted that pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is genetically linked to specific HLA class II subtypes. Environmental factors, including the role of herpes simplex virus (HSV1) in disease manifestation, have also been implicated, but in a limited number of patients and with inconsistent results. To clarify an association between HSV1 and PV in a large data set, including a stratification by dynamic and static clinical parameters, including disease activity, therapy status, HLA association, and gender. Serum HSV1 IgG levels from PV patients and healthy controls were measured by ELISA. Subjects were typed for HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles, and categorized as HLA-matched if homozygous or heterozygous for either one of the known PV-susceptibility alleles, DRB1*0402 and DQB1*0503. Our data indicate that PV patients carry significantly higher levels of anti-HSV1 antibodies than healthy controls, and that this effect was more pronounced in the active phase of disease when compared to remission.Amild positive association could also be observed for carriers of the PV-associated HLA alleles versus HLA-unmatched controls, as well as for femalePVpatients when compared to female control subjects. Our data suggest a role of HSV1 in the expression of PV and further show that HLA status and gender may influence HSV1 susceptibility and/or expression of anti-HSV1 antibodies. Additional research with larger datasets is required to determine whether HSV is causally linked to PV pathogenesis and conclusively link HLA status and gender to HSV1 antibody levels.
Groupy versus Non-Groupy Social Preferences: Personality, Region, and Political Party

This paper replicates results that some people, when allocating income, are "groupy" and discriminate between in and out groups, but many show no such bias. The paper explores psychometric, demographic, and political correlates. In an M-Turk experiment, no "Big Five" personality trait relates to this individual difference. Gender, education, and political party are not predictive. Political independents, however, are more likely to be non-groupy, and participants in deindustrialized counties or Deep South Republicans are more likely to be groupy. The results indicate (i) psychological notions of personality do not capture this heterogeneity and (ii) groupiness might relate to political and social contestation.
Patient Recall of Information on a Third Molar Informed Consent Video.

Purpose Experience has shown that in malpractice cases patients often claim certain information was not provided during the informed consent process. The purposes of this study were to determine how much of an informed consent video patients initially remember and how much is recalled when there is a hiatus from viewing the video to the surgery. Patients and Methods In this prospective cohort study, patients presenting for impacted third molar removal in an academic setting (n = 50) or a private office (n = 50) viewed an informed consent video and then met with the treating doctor for further discussion and signing of an informed consent form. Then, they were given a 10-item test containing questions relating to the information provided on the video. At the subsequent time of surgery, they were again given the same test. The number of correct answers at the 2 points was compared. Results There was a significant difference in the number of correct responses between the 2 time points ( P = .0212) and between patients from the 2 practice settings ( P = .0076). However, these differences were less than 0.5 of a possible 10. The number of correct responses was not associated with age ( P = .1203), gender ( P = .6647), or number of days between testing ( P = .7272). Conclusion Patients have good recall of the information provided by the informed consent video. However, because some information was forgotten, a presurgical review of the information is advisable.
Ideal affect in daily life: implications for affective experience, health, and social behavior.

Over the last decade, researchers have increasingly demonstrated that ideal affect — the affective states that people value and ideally want to feel — shapes different aspects of daily life. Here I briefly review Affect Valuation Theory (AVT), which integrates ideal affect into existing models of affect and emotion by identifying the causes and consequences of variation in ideal affect. I then describe recent research that applies AVT to the valuation of negative states as well as more complex states, examines how ideal affect shapes momentary affective experience, suggests that ideal affect has both direct and indirect effects on health, and illustrates that people's ideal affect shapes how they judge and respond to others. Finally, I discuss the implications of cultural and individual differences in ideal affect for clinical, educational, work, and leisure settings.
The Association between PCAOB Inspection Reports and SEO Discounting

We examine the association between Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspection reports and a firm’s cost of equity capital, measured using seasoned equity offering (SEO) discounting. SEO discounting occurs when the offer price is lower than the prior day’s market price of the firm’s shares and represents ‘money left on the table’ for issuing firms. SEO discounting is a non-trivial cost to an issuing firm, and its occurrence is increasing in both frequency and magnitude. We document an economically significant, positive association between SEO discounting and the use of an auditor found to be deficient by the PCAOB, and this association is most pronounced for clients of smaller, triennially inspected auditors for which few other signals of quality exist. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that, for clients of triennially inspected auditors, this relation is stronger for timelier inspection reports and smaller auditing firms. In conclusion, our evidence is consistent with PCAOB inspections providing meaningful information about audit quality to market participants, particularly for clients of smaller, triennially inspected auditors.
Synthetic generation of equilibrium boundary layer turbulence from modeled statistics

Abstract An improved synthetic digital filtering method (SDFM) for the generation of equilibrium turbulence is described, with emphasis on the ease of application to complex configurations. This is achieved by facilitating the use of modeled (RANS) statistics for the mean flow and Reynolds stress profiles, instead of simulated (DNS or LES) statistics that are not readily available for three-dimensional flows. The effects on boundary layer relaxation with modeled statistics are first quantified for a well-known canonical situation, specifically, Mach 2 equilibrium turbulent boundary layers over 250
Centrifuge tests on liquefaction potential and slope stability of mine tailings

Several factors have led to the extended need for investigation of the static and dynamic behaviour of mine tailings and include the rising generation and surface storage of mine waste, its frequen...
High-resolution trade-off analysis and optimization of ecosystem services and disservices in agricultural landscapes

Abstract Agricultural land management often involves trade-offs between ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (EDS). Balancing these trade-offs to achieve low-impact production of agricultural commodities requires rigorous approaches for quantifying and optimizing ES and EDS, reconciling biophysical constraints and different management objectives. In this study, we demonstrate a high-resolution spatially-explicit analysis of ES and EDS trade-offs for irrigated corn production systems in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado, USA, as a case study. The analysis integrated a biogeochemical model (DayCent) with optimization algorithms to assess trade-offs between multiple ES and EDS indicators, including net primary production, soil organic carbon, water use, nitrogen leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions. Our results show a large fraction of total potential system productivity (up to 21 Mg ha−1 year−1) can be realized at minimal ecosystem impacts through careful land management decisions. Our analysis also explores how different land management objectives imply different landscape configurations.
Safe zone for irrigation and debridement of psoas abscess through a dorsal spinal approach

This cadaver study was initiated to identify safe zones for psoas abscess debridement using a dorsal spinal approach. Twenty total specimens were dissected and lumbar transverse process (TP) and psoas muscles were identified. The distance from the lateral psoas muscle to the transverse process tip was measured. The lumbar plexus was dissected from the psoas and the distance from the TP to the lateral border of the lumbar plexus was measured. The area between the lateral edge of the psoas and lumbar plexus at each lumbar level was considered a safe zone of approach for entry into the psoas muscle for abscess debridement. The most lateral portion of the lumbar plexus was 9.3 mm medial to the superior tip of the L1 TP and 9.2 mm medial to the inferior tip at L1, it was 11.8 and 11.7 mm medial at L2, 10.5 and 9.8 mm medial at L3, 6.6 and 6.2 mm medial at L4, and 1.0 and 0.9 mm medial at L5. The distances from the TP tip to the lateral edge of the psoas muscle were 5.7 and 5.5 mm medial to the superior and inferior tip of the TP at L1, 5.1 and 4.7 mm medial at L2, 2.5 and 1.8 mm medial at L3, 0.4 and 0 mm medial at L4 and 3.7 and 3.8 mm lateral at L5. This study provides landmarks to avoid the critical structures in the lumbar spine.
An Analysis of Early Intervention Expenditures in Massachusetts.

Early intervention expenditure data from Massachusetts were linked to service data on a 157-member sample of Massachusetts early intervention service recipients. The findings revealed an enormous variability in the total expenditure per child estimate. Regression analyses identified specific child, family, and program characteristics that were significant predictors of the hours of service received. These results were then used to estimate expected hours of service and per child expenditures for eight subgroups. Variations in total expenditures by subgroup reflected differences in the distribution of service hours by service type. The implications of these findings for the implementation of Part H of P.L. 99-457 were discussed.
Patients' Perceptions of Proton Pump Inhibitor Risks and Attempts at Discontinuation: A National Survey.

OBJECTIVES:Little is known about how reports on the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) impact patients' perceptions of these drugs and medication use. We sought to determine patients' level of concern about PPI adverse effects and its association with attempts to discontinue these drug
The Impact of Early Neuroimaging and Developmental Assessment in a Preterm Infant Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy

Premature infants are at risk for cerebral palsy (CP) that is typically diagnosed between 18–24 months. We present a case study of an infant who was discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) without obvious neurological deficits but was later diagnosed with hemiplegic CP. The infant was enrolled in an infant motor study, which included neuroimaging and developmental motor assessments. At term, anatomical MRI showed bilateral periventricular leukomalacia, abnormal brain metabolites in frontal white matter via MR spectroscopy (MRS), and low fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained from diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in several cortical white matter tracts compared to a group of typically developing infants without neuroimaging abnormalities. In addition, the infant scored below average on a developmental assessment administered at term and three months as well as on the standard Bayley III assessment at 12 months. Abnormal neuroimaging and low scores on the early developmental assessment prompted referral for intervention services at two months. With intensive therapy, by 45 months, the infant was average in self-care, mobility, and communication skills, although below average in visual motor and gross motor coordination. This case highlights the clinical impact of early detection and referral using combined neuroimaging and developmental testing.
Studies in phosphinemethylene chemistry

Abstract The action of phenyllithium on (bromomethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide results in a nearly equimolar mixture of triphenylphosphinebromomethylene (formal H ÷ abstraction) and triphenylphosphinemethylene (formal Br ÷ abstraction). With (iodomethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide a mixture of triphenylphosphineiodomethylene and triphenylphosphinemethylene is formed in which the latter is favored by a factor of about three. A new route to haloolefins based on phenyl(halomethyl)mercurial reagents is summarized by the equations below (X  Cl and Br). C 4 H 3 HgCX 2 Br ÷ (C 6 H 5 ) 3 P ÷ RR′CO → RR′CCX 2 ÷ C 6 H 5 HgBr ÷ (C 6 H 5 ) 3 PO C 6 H 5 HgCHXBr ÷ (C 6 H 5 ) 3 P ÷ RR′CO → RR′CCHX ÷ C 6 H 5 HgBr ÷ (C 6 H 5 ) 3 PO
High-Mobility Indirect Excitons in a Wide Single Quantum Well Heterostructure

We present wide single quantum well (WSQW) heterostructures and the achievement of record-high mobility of indirect excitons (IXs). WSQW heterostructures provide low-disorder platform both for exploring basic IX properties and for developing high-mobility excitonic devices.
May Prosecutors Take Direction From the President

What would happen if the President could control federal prosecutors and directed them to make discretionary decisions that are normally reserved to trained professionals familiar with the facts, law, and traditions of the Department of Justice? We have argued, in a companion article, that the President has no such power. In this Article, we play out the consequences if we are wrong. If they follow the President’s direction, prosecutors would likely violate ethical rules and norms. Because these professional obligations are created by courts and endorsed by federal statute, presidential control over prosecutorial decision making would lead to serious separation of powers concerns. Particularly, the integrity of the judicial system depends on the ethical rules at issue. By exploring these separation of powers concerns, this Article contributes to a growing debate about the power of the executive over prosecution and further supports the independence of DOJ and federal prosecutors.
ADAPTED FROM THE ORIGINAL: ESSAYS ON THE VALUE AND VALUES OF WORKS REMADE FOR A NEW MEDIUM Edited by Laurence Raw. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2018. 258 pp. $49.95 paper.

The late Laurence Raw helped pioneer adaptation studies, a field where media studies, literary criticism, history, psychology, sociology, and even philosophy intersect. Drawing on the metaphor of t...