cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking of planning models using recorded dynamics

Power system planning extensively uses model simulation to understand the dynamic behaviors and determine the operating limits of a power system. Model quality is key to the safety and reliability of electricity delivery. Planning model benchmarking, or model validation, has been one of the central topics in power engineering studies for years. As model validation aims at obtaining reasonable models to represent dynamic behavior of power system components, it has been essential to validate models against actual measurements. The development of phasor technology provides such measurements and represents a new opportunity for model validation as phasor measurements can capture power system dynamics with high-speed, time-synchronized data. Previously, methods for rigorous comparison of model simulation and recorded dynamics have been developed and applied to quantify model quality of power plants in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). These methods can locate model components which need improvement. Recent work continues this effort and focuses on how model parameters may be calibrated to match recorded dynamics after the problematic model components are identified. A calibration method using Extended Kalman Filter technique is being developed. This paper provides an overview of prior work on model validation and presents new development on the calibration method and initial results of model parameter calibration.
In vivo characterization of the liver fat 1H MR spectrum

A theoretical triglyceride model was developed for in vivo human liver fat 1H MRS characterization, using the number of double bonds (–CH=CH–), number of methylene-interrupted double bonds (–CH=CH–CH2–CH=CH–) and average fatty acid chain length. Five 3 T, single-voxel, stimulated echo acquisition mode spectra (STEAM) were acquired consecutively at progressively longer TEs in a fat–water emulsion phantom and in 121 human subjects with known or suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. T2-corrected peak areas were calculated. Phantom data were used to validate the model. Human data were used in the model to determine the complete liver fat spectrum. In the fat–water emulsion phantom, the spectrum predicted by the model (based on known fatty acid chain distribution) agreed closely with spectroscopic measurement. In human subjects, areas of CH2 peaks at 2.1 and 1.3 ppm were linearly correlated (slope, 0.172; r = 0.991), as were the 0.9 ppm CH3 and 1.3 ppm CH2 peaks (slope, 0.125; r = 0.989). The 2.75 ppm CH2 peak represented 0.6% of the total fat signal in high-liver-fat subjects. These values predict that 8.6% ofm the total fat signal overlies the water peak. The triglyceride model can characterize human liver fat spectra. This allows more accurate determination of liver fat fraction from MRI and MRS.
Guitars Have Disabilities: Exploring Guitar Adaptations for an Adolescent with Down Syndrome.

The guitar has a high value in cultural capital and we are immersed in a culture in which the guitar is the predominant vehicle of music-making. Given the guitar's mass popularity, it follows that the guitar-learning community is vast and diverse. Subscribing to the social model of disability, I problematise the guitar as being disabled and conducted an instrumental case study using the ethnographic tools of video-based observation, field notes and a semi-structured interview to chronicle the experience of teaching an adolescent with Down syndrome how to play the guitar. Different approaches to enabling the guitar are examined including open-tuning, standard tuning and a modified two-string guitar. Findings discuss the importance of the guitar to the participant as a percussive and rhythmic instrument and additionally as support for singing in the context of jamming.
Evidence of Skyrmion excitations about nu =1 in n-modulation-doped single quantum wells by interband optical transmission.

A dramatic reduction in the spin polarization of a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field is observed when the Fermi energy moves off the midpoint of the spin gap of the lowest Landau level, $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$. The spin polarization is measured by magnetoabsorption spectroscopy which distinguishes the occupancy of the two electron spin states. The rapid decay of spin alignment over small changes to both higher and lower magnetic field provides experimental evidence for the presence of Skyrmion excitations where exchange energy dominates Zeeman energy in the quantum Hall regime at $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$.
Realization of Web Dynamic Geometry Intelligent Drawing System Based on Silverlight

Web dynamic geometry intelligent drawing is of great significance in the network distance education, particularly in the geometry distance education. On the analysis of the mutual relation between elements of dynamic geometry graphics and methods on how to save graphics in text mode and also strategy of inducting intelligently, this paper realizes a intelligent drawing system of dynamic geometry based on Web, which uses B/S structure and Silverlight as the drawing technique, having basic functions such as drawing geometry graphics dynamically and intelligently. Storing and retrieving graphics are also discussed.
Flat Fire Jump Performance of a 155-mm M198 Howitzer

Abstract : A jump experiment and analysis were performed for the M198 howitzer firing the M107 shell through short range, flat fire trajectories with a launch Mach number near 1.7. The objective was to characterize the jump performance of the system and provide a basis for identifying and possibly improving the largest contributors to jump over a broader range of firing conditions. For the short range, flat fire scenario of the present experiment, the jump performance of the system indicates that the center of gravity (CG) motion of the projectile as it exits the gun tube is a significantly larger contributor to dispersion than the aerodynamic jump. The data showed that the projectile CO motion relative to the muzzle itself is considerable and is a more dominant component of in-bore balloting in terms of dispersion compared to the in-bore angular motion. Measurements of the gun dynamics showed that while the large scale muzzle motion is more pronounced in the vertical plane than in the horizontal plane, the dispersion directly attributable to muzzle pointing angle and muzzle crossing velocity is about the same in the both directions. Measurements of muzzle velocity, drag, and yaw are also presented and can be used to determine the effect of jump components not directly measured here but important for longer ranges.
Color of uncooked and cooked broiler leg quarters associated with chilling temperature and holding time

Discoloration of raw or cooked tissue can occur from cell disruptions and blood migration caused by slow or variable chilling rates. Color parameters established by the Commission International D'Eclairage for measuring lightness, redness, and yellowness (L*, a*, and b* respectively) were determined on two groups (A and B) of uncooked and cooked leg quarters chilled at +4, 0, -3, -12, or -18 C. At Day 7, group A was evaluated for color, and group B was moved to -18 C for seven additional days and then evaluated. Group B represented cooling, freezing, thawing, and cooking steps. Color was measured on surfaces of thawed, uncooked parts (UCS), on surfaces of cooked parts (CS) 75 or 85 C internal temperature), and on cooked meat (CM) adjacent to the femur. UCS samples at -3 C were significantly redder (a* = 8.91) than -18 C samples (a* = 5.04). The A-CS a* values showed a significant interaction between chill temperature storage and internal temperature (IT). Samples at 75 C IT had higher a* values (redder). CM samples held at +4 and 0 C were significantly lighter (higher L* values). A significant interaction effect occurred for CM a* values due to storage chill temperature and IT. Generally, 75 C IT samples were redder (higher a* values). UCS and CS color was not influenced by chilling at +4 to -18 C for 7 d and then at -18 C for 7 d. CM was affected by a combination of chill temperature history and IT.
Combining dynamic fault trees and event trees for probabilistic risk assessment

As system analysis methodologies, both event tree analysis (ETA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) are used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), especially in identifying system interrelationships due to shared events. Although there are differences between them, ETA and FTA, are so closely linked that fault trees (FT) are often used to quantify system events that are part of event tree (ET) sequences (J.D. Andrew et al., 2000). The logical processes employed to evaluate ET sequences and quantify the consequences are the same as those used in FTA. Although much work has been done to combine FT and ET, traditional methods only concentrate on combining static fault trees (SFT) and ET. Our main concern is considering how to combine dynamic fault trees (DFT) and ET. We proposed a reasonable approach in this paper, which is illustrated through a hypothetical example. Because of the complexity of dynamic systems, including the huge size and complicated dependencies, there may exist contradictions among different dynamic subsystems. The key benefit of our approach is that we avoid the generation of such contradictions in our model. Another benefit is that efficiency may be improved through modularization.
Mood and cognition after electrical injury: a follow-up study.

Individuals who have experienced an electrical injury have been reported to demonstrate both acute and delayed cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. The present study assessed 20 electrically injured patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluations twice following their injury. Time since injury, time between assessments, and longitudinal mood changes were evaluated for their potential impact on simple and complex attention outcomes. As an overall group, there was little change over time from low average to average baseline attention/concentration performance. However, results indicated that longitudinal increases in depressive symptoms were consistently associated with poorer performance on a measure of simple and complex attention. Loss of consciousness, litigation status, baseline injury status (acute vs. post-acute), and time between evaluations were not significant predictors of changes in cognitive performance. Implications for the treatment of comorbid psychiatric issues and for future research on victims of electrical trauma are discussed. Language: en
Pattern-shift visual evoked responses and EEG in migraine.

SYNOPSIS Visual evoked responses (VERs) and spectral analysis of background EEG were obtained from 20migraine patients and their age-matched controls. Full- and half-field reversing checkerboardstimulus presentations elicited no substantial differences between the subject groups for any of themajor component (N75, P100, N145) latencies or amplitudes. No VER differences were found forpatient subcategories based on side of headache, symptom history, or age. However, migrainepatients demonstrated slight but significantly higher mean frequency in their background EEG in the4–8 Hz frequencies in leads C 3 -P 3 and C 4 -P 4 , and a lower mean frequency in the 8–12 Hz band inleads F 3 -C 3 and F 4 -C 3 relative to controls. The results are discussed and compared to previousstudies of visual evoked potentials and EEG in migraine patients.
Implications for Teacher Supply and Methodological Lessons for Research

Attempts to determine whether enough qualified teachers will be available to staff the nation's schools in the coming years have been hampered by methodological difficulties that are inherent in the study of teacher career patterns. In this article, we have applied an analytic technique rarely used in educational research, proportional hazards modeling, to resolve these problems and to investigate the relationship between teachers' background characteristics and their career durations. We find that teacher demographic characteristics and subject specialty are important predictors of length of stay in teaching. Our results call into question several assumptions about teacher career persistence implicit in the national teacher supply and demand model. We also argue that proportional hazards modeling has wide applicability to many educational research questions.
On Manasse, Price, and Lerner, ‘Loss of signal detectability in band-pass limiters’

Manasse, Price, and Lerner have recently demonstrated1 the remarkable fact that it is possible to reduce the signal-detectability degradation factor of a band-pass limiter to unity by adding strong noise of low spectral intensity and sufficient bandwidth to its input. The purpose of this letter is to elucidate the phenomenon.
Corneal epithelial cell growth over tethered‐protein/peptide surface‐modified hydrogels

In this study, we investigated the corneal epithelial cell growth rate and adhesion to novel hydrogels with (1) extracellular matrix proteins [fibronectin, laminin, substance P, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] and (2) peptide sequences [RGD and fibronectin adhesion-promoting peptide (FAP)] tethered to their surface on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. The growth rate to confluence of primary rabbit cornea epithelial cells was compared for plain polymethacrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA/MAA) hydrogels, PHEMA/MAA hydrogels coated with extracellular matrix proteins or peptides, and PHEMA/MAA hydrogels with tethered extracellular matrix proteins or peptides on the surface. The development of focal adhesions by the epithelial cells grown on the surfaces was determined by F-actin staining. Little to no epithelial cell growth occurred on the plain hydrogel surfaces throughout the 15-day culture period. Of the coated hydrogels, only the fibronectin-coated surfaces showed a significant increase in cell growth compared to plain hydrogels (p < 0.009). However, even these surfaces reached a maximum of only 20% confluence. Laminin, fibronectin adhesion-promoting peptide (FAP), and fibronectin/laminin (1:1) tether-modified hydrogels all achieved 100% confluence by the end of the culture period, although the rates at which confluence was reached differed. F-actin staining showed that focal adhesions were formed for the laminin, FAP, and fibronectin/laminin tether-modified surfaces. The results support the hypothesis that tethering certain extracellular matrix proteins and/or peptides to the hydrogel surface enhances epithelial cell growth and adhesion, compared with that seen for protein-coated or plain hydrogel surfaces. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 198–205, 2005
Bifurcation lesions: two stents versus one stent—immediate and follow-up results

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate two different techniques of stent placement in bifurcation lesions. BACKGROUND Although stent placement with dedicated techniques has been suggested to be a useful therapeutic modality for bifurcation lesions, limited information is available if stent placement on the side branch and on the parent branch provides any advantage over a simpler strategy of stenting the parent vessel and balloon angioplasty of the side branch. METHODS Between March 1993 and April 1999, we treated a total of 92 patients with bifurcation lesions with two strategies: stenting both vessels (group B, n = 53) or stenting the parent vessel and balloon angioplasty of the side branch (group P, n = 39). Paired angiograms were analyzed by quantitative angiography, and clinical follow-up was obtained. RESULTS Stent placement on both branches resulted in a lower residual stenosis (7.4 ± 10.9% vs. 23.4% ± 18.7%, p CONCLUSIONS For the treatment of true bifurcation lesions, a complex strategy of stenting both vessels provided no advantage in terms of procedural success and late outcome versus a simpler strategy of stenting only the parent vessel.
Comparison of Texture Analysis Schemes Under Nonideal Conditions

Several recent advancements in the field of texture analysis prompt some fundamental questions. For instance, what is the true impact of these novel advancements under real-world environments? When do these novel advancements fail to perform? Which methods perform better and under what conditions? In this work, we investigate these and other issues under nonideal image acquisition environments, specifically, environments with changing conditions due to illumination variations and those caused by both affine and nonaffine transformations. We study the performance of nine popular texture analysis algorithms using three different datasets, with varying levels of difficulty. Experiments are performed on nonideal texture datasets under five different setups. We find that most state-of-the-art techniques do not perform well under these conditions. To a large extent, their performance under nonideal conditions depends critically on the nature of the textural surface. Moreover, most techniques fail to perform reliably when the number of classes in the dataset is increased significantly, over the regular-size datasets used in previous work. Multiscale features performed reasonably well against variations caused by illumination and rotation but are prone to fail under changes in scale. Surprisingly, the performance for most of the algorithms is generally stable on structured or periodic textures, even with variations in illumination or affine transformations.
Capacitance scaling system

A capacitance scaling system has been developed and consists of a commercially available four-terminal-pair LCR meter, an inductive voltage divider (IVD), and a 1000 pF air dielectric capacitor. It can calibrate capacitors up to 1 /spl mu/F in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 100 kHz. The combined standard uncertainty for the 0.01 /spl mu/F at 100 kHz is estimated to be /spl plusmn/73 fF (7.3/spl times/10/sup -6/).
Decay of Cr 48

The nuclide ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ has been produced by spallation of Ni. It decays by electron capture only with a half life of 23 hours and emits gamma rays of 116 kev ($M1$) and 305 kev ($E2$) of equal intensity, which are in coincidence. The genetic relationship with 16.2-day ${\mathrm{V}}^{48}$ establishes the mass assignment. The total decay energy of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{48}$ can be estimated as 1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 Mev. Two alternative decay schemes are proposed.
Narrow Backdoor Entry: The Use of Cultural Integrity to Ground Indigenous Claims Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Rising as actors of and transcending objectification by international law, indigenous peoples explored and negotiated all avenues to enforce their land rights at a time when indigenous demand for international status flashed the morgana of secession inspiring pictures of atavistic irredentism, fragmented territories and watered-down sovereignty, and figurative salt waters between States and their indigenous populations. They filed cases before the Human Rights Committee (HRC) under Optional Protocol I raising self-determination claims as the umbrella for their land rights. Exercising extreme caution from a slip of the tongue tantamount to an affirmation of peoplehood of indigenous peoples which would foment fears of political instability and national security issues, the HRC serially dismissed their complaints as if adopting a template with the standard statement: “The Optional Protocol provides a procedure under which individuals can claim that their individual rights have been violated, but that these rights do not include those set out in article 1 of the Covenant.” What the HRC did was to mainstream a tangential approach by addressing land rights under article 27 where it could be shown that the land is necessary for the protection of indigenous cultural integrity. The force of the cultural integrity argument is felt on occasion especially in the domestic arena. In the HRC, it worked in Lubicon and Poma. As pointed out by Anaya, it “has developed to entitle indigenous groups to affirmative measures to remedy the past undermining of their cultural survival and to guard against continuing threats in this regard...” Veritably, invoking the right to culture to ground indigenous rights as a strategic riposte to Lubicon serves a pragmatic purpose. Yet, it is fraught with limitations as well as drawbacks. This paper asserts that as a foundation for indigenous land rights, article 27 is friable. The biggest draw back is that as a generic minority right, it disconnected from indigenous self-determination which is claimed to rectify historical injustices by addressing structural issues of power and authority and land control. While minority and indigenous rights intersect, the overlap does not respond to specific issues of indigenousness.
Combined trabecular metal acetabular shell and augment for acetabular revision with substantial bone loss: A mid-term review

Trabecular metal (TM) augments are a relatively new option for reconstructing segmental bone loss during acetabular revision. We studied 34 failed hip replacements in 34 patients that were revised between October 2003 and March 2010 using a TM acetabular shell and one or two augments. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 69.3 years (46 to 86) and the mean follow-up was 64.5 months (27 to 107). In all, 18 patients had a minor column defect, 14 had a major column defect, and two were associated with pelvic discontinuity. The hip centre of rotation was restored in 27 patients (79.4%). The Oxford hip score increased from a mean of 15.4 points (6 to 25) before revision to a mean of 37.7 (29 to 47) at the final follow-up. There were three aseptic loosenings of the construct, two of them in the patients with pelvic discontinuity. One septic loosening also occurred in a patient who had previously had an infected hip replacement. The augments remained stable in two of the failed hips. Whenever there was a loose acetabular component in contact with a stable augment, progressive metal debris shedding was evident on the serial radiographs. Complications included another deep infection treated without revision surgery. Good clinical and radiological results can be expected for bone-deficient acetabula treated by a TM cup and augment, but for pelvic discontinuities this might not be a reliable option. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:166–72.
Connochaetes gnou (White-tailed gnu)

Skin biopsies of one male and one female animal were kindly provided by Dr. H. Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA. The pairing is arbitrary. The Y chromosome was identified by its late DNA synthetic pattern, but no radioautographic experiment was performed in the female cells; hence the identification of the X chromosomes is tentative.
CrossBridge: Finding Analogies Using Dimensionality Reduction

We present CROSSBRIDGE, a practical algorithm for retrieving analogies in large, sparse semantic networks. Other algorithms adopt a generate-and-test approach, retrieving candidate analogies by superficial similarity of concepts, then testing them for the particular relations involved in the analogy. CROSSBRIDGE adopts a global approach. It organizes the entire knowledge space at once, as a matrix of small conceptand-relation subgraph patterns versus actual occurrences of subgraphs from the knowledge base. It uses the familiar mathematics of dimensionality reduction to reorganize this space along dimensions representing approximate semantic similarity of these subgraphs. Analogies can then be retrieved by simple nearest-neighbor comparison. CROSSBRIDGE also takes into account not only knowledge directly related to the source and target domains, but also a large background Commonsense knowledge base. Commonsense influences the mapping between domains, preserving important relations while ignoring others. This property allows CROSSBRIDGE to find more intuitive and extensible analogies. We compare our approach with an implementation of structure mapping and show that our algorithm consistently finds analogies in cases where structure mapping fails. We also present some discovered analogies.
Diet Restriction Retards the Age-related Loss of Beta-adrenergic Receptors and Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rat Lung

In the rat, dietary restriction prolongs life span and retards a variety of physiological processes that change with age. Beta-adrenergic responsiveness declines with age. We assessed beta-adrenergic receptor density and adenylate cyclase activity in lungs of 6-, 18-, 24-, and 27-month-old rats fed ad libitum or restricted to 60% of the ad libitum food after 6 weeks of age. Beta-adrenergic receptor density declined in the ad libitum group (M +/- SE, 417 +/- 30, 349 +/- 23, 297 +/- 19, 260 +/- 30 fmol/mg protein, p less than .01). In the diet-restricted group, beta-adrenergic receptor density declined between 6 and 18 months (493 +/- 35, 370 +/- 28, p less than .05) but remained unchanged from 18 to 27 months (370 +/- 28, 333 +/- 19, 360 +/- 16). Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity declined with age in the ad libitum group (53.4 +/- 7.5, 46.8 +/- 8.8, 38 +/- 3.9, 27.8 +/- 3.3 p mol cAMP/mg protein, p less than .05) but not in diet-restricted group (45.1 +/- 8.9, 44 +/- 7.9, 41.8 +/- 2.4, 47.3 +/- 5.1). Changes in forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with age were not affected by diet restriction. These data suggest that diet restriction retards some of the age-related changes in the beta-adrenergic pathway.
Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism Molly Worthen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism Molly Worthen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.If we can rightfully make any sort of generalizations about the movement, Evangelicalism in the West is a study in contradictions. Although influenced by Enlightenment thinking, it remains skeptical of reason. While it places a premium on individual revelation and a personal relationship with a Creator, it is deeply anxious about those believers who eschew authority, Biblical or institutional. Believing that their faith stands apart from the world, they nevertheless fear that the world itself wants little to do with them. It is within this matrix of contradictions that Molly Worthen's Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism provides a scholarly yet accessible exploration of contemporary Protestantism in the West and as a global movement. This is no small feat as the subject matter itself defies an easy narrative. Histories often depend on well-defined institutional structures and the individualistic and schismatic character of the evangelical church makes the story a difficult one to tell. Worthen, however, rises to the challenge.Her book begins in 1942 with the founding of the National Association for Evangelicals in St. Louis. She very successfully captures the excitement of forming a group that hoped to combine the insights gleaned from science and the study of history with the message of the Gospel and to offer it to a world its members felt was hungry for such a message. Immediately, however, as Worthen skillfully recounts, doctrinal differences between Baptists, Presbyterians, and Pentecostals laid bare the problems of the intellectual traditions in these denominations. The book treats in great detail the schism between fundamentalism and "modernism" in the evangelical churches and how that rupture affects the church some seventy years later.The book covers all the familiar history of American evangelicalism with the impact of Barth, the rise of Billy Graham and the conservative intellectual backlash to his Crusades, William F. Buckley (albeit a Roman Catholic) with his efforts to wrest American universities from secularism, and the rise of the Religious Right. Worthen shows quite ably that evangelicalism's unresolved problems with authority and its relative inability to offer a cogent viewpoint that ran counter to the dominance of European Reformed the- ology in seminaries and universities hampered its ability to forge an intellectual tradition. …
Agglutination in Influenza

Studies of the agglutination reaction in influenza have not given uniform results. The first attempt to find specific antibodies in influenza serum was made in 1903 by Cantani1 who examined three patients, two with acute influenza pneumonia, and their serum failed to cause agglutination; the serum of the third patient with uncomplicated influenza caused agglutination at 1: 200. No further study was made until 1916, when Levinthal2 found a strongly positive agglutination in 6 cases of uncomplicated influenza of which 3 were positive in a dilution of 1: 400, 2 in 1: 200 and 1 in 1: 100. A seventh patient had a complicating pneumonia and caused agglutination 1: 200. Levinthal emphasizes the diagnostic value of this test. I shall mention a few only of the studies that have been made recently. Flemming3 obtained positive agglutination in all of 21 cases but in low dilution, once at 1: 1,000, twice at 1: 128, three times at 1: 64, in ten at 1: 32, in four at 1 : 16, and in one at 1:8. Most of the patients were convalescent from 7 to 10 days after the onset of influenza. His control tests were all negative. Duval and Harris4 found agglutination in most instances, but not in a dilution above 1: 80 and often as early as the third day of the disease. Normal blood reacted in a few instances but never above 1: 20. Martha Wollstein6 examined serum from 11 patients during the second week of illness ; 5 mild cases of bronchopneumonia gave positive results in a dilution of 1: 100. Of 6 patients with uncomplicated influenza, 4 gave negative results and two positive, in dilutions of 1: 40. The control serums sometimes gave a positive reaction in dilutions of 1: 10. The tendency to spontaneous clumping, which was the chief difficulty, suggests that agglutination reactions with bacillus of Pfeiffer may not be satisfactory. Wollstein, like most of the authors who have worked with vaccinated patients, found that agglutinins are developed in the blood from 6 to 10 days after inoculation.
Photocarrier Transport and Recombination in Amorphous Silicon

The effect of microstructure in undoped a-Si:H films on carrier transport, recombination, densities of midgap states and solar cell characteristics has been investigated. Extended state mobilities of electrons were obtained from photo and dark conductivity measurements between 40° C and 190° C and the gap states characterized using Dual Beam Photoconductivity. In these films the estimated room temperature electron mobilities increase from about 1 to 30 cm2/V sec as the dihydride concentrations and void volume fractions decrease. It is found that the carrier mobility-lifetime products are not solely determined by the dangling bond states. The effects of changes in the mobilities and midgap states on p-i-n homojunction solar cell characteristics are presented and discussed.
Theoretical Study of Magnetic Damping and Anisotropy of Fe/Pd (001) Superlattice

The material properties, magnetic damping and anisotropy, which are critical to spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory device performance, are theoretically explored for Fe/Pd superlattices deposited in the (001) orientation. Various superlattice geometries at different Fe and Pd layer thicknesses show perpendicular anisotropy. With the inclusion of the shape anisotropy, thin-film structures with an effective anisotropy of $1.4\,\times \, 10^{7}$ erg/cm3 have been observed. The damping is enhanced due to the broken symmetry at the Pd interface. This interfacial contribution increases when more Pd monolayers are deposited in the superlattice. The superlattice damping is relatively smaller than damping ( $\alpha )$ in the L10 phase FePd. The optimized superlattices are 3Fe/3Pd or 3Fe/2Pd: these multilayers have sufficient energy barriers ( $\sim 1$ eV) to maintain thermal stability in very small devices, yet the switching currents are low ( $\! A/cm $^{2})$ and, thus, expected to lower the energy consumption.
Simultaneous determination of atrazine and benzo(a) pyrene in water by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with double detector

Objective Establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) analysis method with double detector to simultaneously determine atrazine and benzo( a) pyrene in water. Methods Atrazine and benzo( a) pyrene. In was enriched by large volume solid-phase extraction column and eluted by methylene chloride.Gradient elution was performed on Eclipe XDB-C18( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) analytical column with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. The products were then determined by diode array detector( DAD) and fluorescence detector( FLD).Results The linear range of the method of atrazine and benzo( a) pyrene was 50-800 μg / L and 5. 19-83. 04 μg / L,respectively. The correlation coefficients( r) were both over 0. 999. The limits of detection were 0. 01 and 0. 000 5 μg / L,the limits of quantification were 0. 03 and 0. 001 5 μg / L,and the average recoveries of atrazine and benzo( a) pyrene in water were 88. 9% and 90. 4%,respectively. The relative standard deviation was less than 6. 8%. Conclusion This method was accurate,sensitive and applicable for determining atrazine and benzo( a) pyrenein water samples.
Structure-based prediction of transcription factor binding specificity using an integrative energy function.

UNLABELLED Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression through binding to specific target DNA sites. Accurate annotation of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) at genome scale represents an essential step toward our understanding of gene regulation networks. In this article, we present a structure-based method for computational prediction of TFBSs using a novel, integrative energy (IE) function. The new energy function combines a multibody (MB) knowledge-based potential and two atomic energy terms (hydrogen bond and π interaction) that might not be accurately captured by the knowledge-based potential owing to the mean force nature and low count problem. We applied the new energy function to the TFBS prediction using a non-redundant dataset that consists of TFs from 12 different families. Our results show that the new IE function improves the prediction accuracy over the knowledge-based, statistical potentials, especially for homeodomain TFs, the second largest TF family in mammals. CONTACT jguo4@uncc.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Paleoenvironmental distribution of Paleocene palynomorph assemblages from brackish water deposits in the Ludlow, Slope, and Cannonball formations, southwestern North Dakota

Two brackish water tongues of the Cannonball Formation (Fort Union Group) are exposed in badlands of the Little Missouri River in southwestern North Dakota. These brackish water deposits are intercalated with lignite-bearing, fluviolacustrine rocks of the Ludlow and Slope Formations (Fort Union Group) and, in total, represent a fluviodeltaic complex that prograded eastward into the Paleocene Cannonball Sea. The invertebrate fauna, lithology, and vertical lithologic sequences indicate that lacustrine, coal swamp, interdistributary bay or interlobe basin, and lake or bay fill depositional environments are represented by the brackish water deposits; the sub- and superjacent strata are of freshwater origin. Cluster analysis and ordination statistical techniques demonstrate that paleoenvironment is a factor that exerted control on the taxonomic composition of palynomorph assemblages. In general, brackish water deposits are characterized by rare-to-abundant dinoflagellate cysts. Differences among assemblages within brackish water deposits appear to be related to salinity and the rate of clastic influx. Slightly brackish to fresh water deposits that received low clastic input are characterized by abundant freshwater algae, low diversity of dinoflagellate cysts, and few terrestrial palynomorphs. Brackish water deposits receiving high clastic input are characterized by abundant terrestrial palynomorphs and more diverse dinoflagellate assemblages. Lacustrine environments that had high clastic influx are dominated by terrestrial palynomorphs. Palynomorph assemblages recovered from coal swamp environments are variable, possibly reflecting localized plant communities. The rare presence of dinoflagellate cysts within the lignites suggests marine influence during peat deposition.
Endoscopic ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract.

Summary EUS is a proven effective tool in the diagnosis and characterization of pancreatic tumors. It demonstrates the extent of disease, nodal involvement, and in many cases vascular encasement.6, 30 It is quite useful in the detection of small neuroendocrine tumors not easily detected by other diagnostic modalities.15
Rent burden and the Great Recession in the USA

In the aftermath of the recent recession, the percentage of households facing rent burden in the USA reached historically high levels, while cost burden for owners has shrunk. This study uses two panels from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to compare the prevalence, distribution and household responses to the phenomenon of rent burden in the USA in the years immediately before and after the Great Recession. Results suggest that rent burden has become more prevalent after the recession and that income, household composition and location are major drivers of this phenomenon, both before and after the recession. Results also indicate that exiting rent burden was more difficult in the years after the recession and that an increasingly common coping mechanism for rent burdened households is to increase their household sizes. These results indicate that renters have experienced increased financial stress related to their housing. This finding is notable given the lack of policy responses t...
Did the Cost of Living Rise Faster for the Rural Poor? Evidence from Egypt

Inflation has been rising in Egypt over the last decade once again reaching double digit levels, and this has been a top concern for large segments of society. Furthermore, inflation in this period hit the rural areas harder, which is unusual for the Egyptian economy. Rising food prices were a major factor behind higher prices over this period. Since the poor spend more of their budget on necessities than the rich it is plausible to expect that the cost of living might have increased faster for households at the lower end of the income distribution over this period, and especially those residing in rural areas. Rising prices, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), do not accurately measure changes in the cost of living. When inflation is high, people resort to substitution to hedge themselves against a declining standard of living. To accurately monitor changes in the cost of living, variations in the cost of attaining a given utility level, not a fixed basket of goods, should be measured. We construct True Cost of Living Indices and use them to examine whether households at different income and expenditure levels experienced different rates of cost of living changes, and whether one group consistently fared worse than the others. We also examine the extent of the substitution bias in the CPI and how it might affect the measurement of key economic variables when compared over time.
Cyber risk and the changing role of insurance

ABSTRACTA brief look at how the cyber risk landscape is evolving and what this means from a risk and insurance perspective, particularly as businesses accept they cannot hope to prevent all cyber intrusions regardless of the sophistication of their IT security. While cyber insurance is currently a stand-alone product, we are moving to a future where all classes of risk and insurance will be touched by cyber. Meanwhile, the rapid pace of technological change, increasing connectivity through the internet of Things and the changing MO of cyberattackers introduce new vulnerabilities and increase the potential for systemic and risk aggregation complexities that will need to be measured and monitored by insurers. As cyber underwriters scrutinise the IT security of firms seeking insurance, they also have an important and growing role as a de facto regulator. They are setting the bar for the cyber hygiene standards necessary in order to qualify for insurance, and in so doing, encouraging organisations large and s...
CT-derived indices of canine osteosarcoma-affected antebrachial strength.

Objective To improve the prediction of fractures in dogs with bone tumors of the distal radius by identifying computed tomography (CT) indices that correlate with antebrachial bone strength and fracture location. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals Dogs with antebrachial osteosarcoma (n = 10), and normal cadaver bones (n=9). Methods Antebrachia were imaged with quantitative CT prior to biomechanical testing to failure. CT indices of structural properties were compared to yield force and maximum force using Pearson correlation tests. Results Straight beam failure (Fs), axial rigidity, curved beam failure (Fc), and craniocaudal bending moment of inertia (MOICrCd) CT indices most highly correlated (0.77 > R > 0.57) with yield and maximum forces when iOSA-affected and control bones were included in the analysis. Considering only OSA-affected bones, Fs, Fc, and axial rigidity correlated highly (0.85 > R > 0.80) with maximum force. In affected bones, the location of minimum axial rigidity and maximum MOICrCd correlated highly (R > 0.85) with the actual fracture location. Conclusions CT-derived axial rigidity, Fs, and MOICrCd have strong linear relationships with yield and maximum force. These indices should be further evaluated prospectively in OSA-affected dogs that do, and do not, experience pathologic fracture.
Factors Associated with Korean Immigrants' Medical Tourism to the Homeland.

Objectives This study examined factors associated with first-generation Korean immigrants' medical tours to the homeland, which has emerged as a field of study in immigrant medical transnationalism and immigrant healthcare behaviors. Methods This paper reports survey data from 507 Korean immigrants and indepth interviews with 120 Korean immigrants in the New York-New Jersey area. Results About one-fourth of survey respondents have visited their home country for medical care since their migration to the US. Of those with relatives in Korea, 29% have experienced at least one medical tour, compared to only 9.2% of those without relatives in Korea. Having frequent contacts with relatives in the home country was positively associated with the number of medical tour visits. Conclusion Except for social transnational ties, other types of transnational ties with the home country were marginally related to Korean immigrants' medical tourism. Surprisingly, their health insurance status itself, which is assumed to be important, was not statistically associated with medical tourism. Although this study has the limitation of analyzing a convenience sample, it contributes to the literature on immigrant transnationalism and immigrant healthcare behaviors by using a mixed-methods approach to focus on one ethnic group's medical transnationalism.
Still I rise: The need for self-validation and self-care in the midst of adversities faced by Black women with HIV.

Objectives Psychosocial factors of trauma and abuse, racial discrimination, HIV stigma, and gender-related stressors (e.g., prioritizing others' needs) have been associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) nonadherence and poor viral suppression among Black women living with HIV (BWLWH). To inform the development of an intervention addressing these psychosocial factors to improve ART adherence, the authors sought the insight of BWLWH. Method Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 BWLWH to gather information on their experiences with trauma, racism, HIV stigma, gender-related stressors, ART adherence, and coping strategies, and their insights on the proposed intervention. Participants' interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic content analysis and grounded theory. Results Participants shared (a) their experiences with trauma/abuse, racism, HIV-stigma, gender-related stress, and medication adherence; (b) coping strategies they use (e.g., social support, awareness [acknowledging systemic racism], assertiveness, selective disclosure of HIV status, and prioritizing the self); (c) how each of these adversities relate to their medication adherence and how they found ways to self-validate and practice self-primacy and self-care, including medication adherence in spite of adversities; and (d) enthusiasm for the proposed intervention. Conclusions Culturally adapted interventions are needed to improve the health of BWLWH by enhancing coping strategies for the multiple adversities they face and promoting self-validation, self-primacy, and self-care in spite of adversities. (PsycINFO Database Record
Securing Binary Code

The Zipr tool reverse-engineers binary code and applies specific and generic code transformations, with the goal of securing binary code.
Development and Validation of a Short-Form Safety Net Medical Home Scale.

Objective To develop a short-form Safety Net Medical Home Scale (SNMHS) for assessing patient-centered medical home (PCMH) capability in safety net clinics. Data sources/study setting National surveys of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Interviews with FQHC directors. Study design We constructed three short-form SNMHS versions and examined correlations with full SNMHS and related primary care assessments. We tested usability with FQHC directors and reviewed scale development with an advisory group. Data collection Federally qualified health center surveys were administered in 2009 and 2013, by mail and online. Usability testing was conducted through telephone interviews with FQHC directors in 2013. Principal findings Six-, 12-, and 18-question short-form SNMHS versions had Pearson correlations with full scale of 0.84, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively. All versions showed a level of convergent validity with other primary care assessment scales comparable to the full SNMHS. User testers found short forms to be low-burden, though missing some PCMH concepts. Advisory group members expressed caution over missing concepts and appropriate use of short-form self-assessments. Conclusions Short-form versions of SNMHS showed strong correlations with full scale and may be useful for brief assessment of safety net PCMH capability. Each short-form SNMHS version may be appropriate for different research, quality improvement, and assessment purposes.
Antithrombotic Therapy: Evaluation of the Safety of Performing Core Needle Biopsy of the Breast Without Suspending Medication .

BACKGROUND Patients are increasingly presenting for outpatient breast biopsy while taking medically necessary antithrombotic therapy. Cessation of this medication prior to biopsy increases patients' risk of vascular complications. . OBJECTIVES This article evaluates the safety of performing core needle biopsies of the breast in patients without suspending prescription antithrombotic therapy. . METHODS In this retrospective chart review study, patients continued prescription antithrombotic therapy prior to and including the day of biopsy. Follow-up telephone assessment, relying on patient self-report, was completed on the same or next business day. The chart review included report of bleeding as a postprocedure complication. . FINDINGS None of the 42 women who completed core needle biopsy of the breast while on antithrombotic therapy reported postdischarge bleeding, and 2 reported hematoma, supporting the safety of continuing antithrombotic therapy in patients who undergo core needle biopsy of the breast.