cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the GeroRich program for infusing social work curriculum with aging content.

ABSTRACT There is a national shortage of social workers who have the knowledge and skill competencies needed for practice with our rapidly growing older adult population. In the last decade, research has identified many reasons for the lack of interest in gerontological social work and steps that could be pursued within social work education to remedy the situation. The Geriatric Enrichment in Social Work Education (GeroRich) Program, funded through the John A. Hartford Foundation, engaged 67 social work programs throughout the United States in a process of curriculum change to increase the amount of gerontological content in the foundation social work curriculum. This study examined how the GeroRich program was instrumental in infusing gerontological content into the curriculum. Based on common outcome measures, the GeroRich program was found to be effective in (1) increasing the amount of gerontological content in the curriculum, (2) engaging faculty in the change process, and (3) exposing students to g...
Behavior therapy for urinary frequency in a patient with neurogenic bladder: A case report

Abstract A 32-year-old female with a seven year history of multiple sclerosis, was hospitalized due to an exacerbation of symptoms, and complained of a high frequency of urination and occasional urinary incontinence. A urologic consult was obtained, and the patient was diagnosed as having neurogenic (spastic) bladder, resulting in a reflexive voiding whenever the accumulation of urine in the bladder reacher 100 mls. A behavioral management program using feedback and goal-setting was implemented. Whenever she voided, the patient recorded the time of day, and measured the amount by using a graduated urinal. Following a 5-day baseline the patient and experimenter, on a daily basis, established a goal specifying a minimum waiting period between voidings, even when waiting might result in incontinence. Feedback on average duration between voidings was given daily. After 13 days of treatment, the duration between voidings had increased from a baseline of 58 min to 130 min and the average amount of urine had increased from 95 ml to 160 ml. At three and six month follow-ups, the patient reported that she was able to maintain treatment gains without difficulty; however, she had been unable to increase the time between voidings beyond approximately two hours.
Hydroxyapatite chromatography of phage-display virions

Hydroxyapatite column chromatography can be used to purify filamentous bacteriophage--the phage most commonly used for phage display. Virions that have been partially purified from culture supernatant by two cycles of precipitation in 2% polyethylene glycol are adsorbed onto the matrix at a density of at least 7.6 x 10(13) virions (about 3 mg) per milliliter of packed bed volume in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM NaH2PO4, pH-adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH). The matrix is washed successively with wash buffer I(150 mM NaCl, 125 mM phosphate, pH 7.0), wash buffer II (2.55 M NaCl, 125 mM phosphate, pH 7.0), and wash buffer I; after which virions are desorbed in desorption buffer (150 mM NaCl, 200 mM phosphate, pH 7.0), and the matrix is stripped with stripping buffer (150 mM NaCl, 1 Mphosphate, pH 7.0). About half of the applied virions are recovered in desorption buffer. Western blot analysis shows that they have undetectable levels of host-derived protein contaminants that are present in the input virions and in virions purified by CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation--the method most commonly used to prepare virions in high purity. Hydroxyapatite chromatography is thus an attractive alternative method for purifying filamentous virions, particularly when the scale is too large for ultracentrifugation to be practical.
Linear electrode impedance in the presence of non-faradaic heterogeneous reactions

Summary Equations are derived for the electrode impedance in the presence of a non-faradaic heterogeneous reaction converting two species present in solution. Major features of the predicted experimental behavior are discussed, some equivalent circuit representations are given, and results are compared with those for the similar faradaic case.
A forward bias method for lag correction of an a-Si flat panel detector.

Purpose: Digital a-Si flat panel (FP) x-ray detectors can exhibit detector lag, or residual signal, of several percent that can cause ghosting in projection images or severe shading artifacts, known as the radar artifact, in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstructions. A major contributor to detector lag is believed to be defect states, or traps, in the a-Si layer of the FP. Software methods to characterize and correct for the detector lag exist, but they may make assumptions such as system linearity and time invariance, which may not be true. The purpose of this work is to investigate a new hardware based method to reduce lag in an a-Si FP and to evaluate its effectiveness at removing shading artifacts in CBCT reconstructions. The feasibility of a novel, partially hardware based solution is also examined. Methods: The proposed hardware solution for lag reduction requires only a minor change to the FP. For pulsed irradiation, the proposed method inserts a new operation step between the readout and data collection stages. During this new stage the photodiode is operated in a forward bias mode, which fills the defect states with charge. A Varian 4030CB panel was modified to allow for operation in the forwardmore » bias mode. The contrast of residual lag ghosts was measured for lag frames 2 and 100 after irradiation ceased for standard and forward bias modes. Detector step response, lag, SNR, modulation transfer function (MTF), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) measurements were made with standard and forward bias firmware. CBCT data of pelvic and head phantoms were also collected. Results: Overall, the 2nd and 100th detector lag frame residual signals were reduced 70%-88% using the new method. SNR, MTF, and DQE measurements show a small decrease in collected signal and a small increase in noise. The forward bias hardware successfully reduced the radar artifact in the CBCT reconstruction of the pelvic and head phantoms by 48%-81%. Conclusions: Overall, the forward bias method has been found to greatly reduce detector lag ghosts in projection data and the radar artifact in CBCT reconstructions. The method is limited to improvements of the a-Si photodiode response only. A future hybrid mode may overcome any limitations of this method.« less
Extraction of welds from radiographic images using fuzzy classifiers

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for extracting welds (linear or curved) from digitized radiographic images. The methodology consists of three major steps: feature extraction, pattern classification, and post-processing. Each weld image is processed line by line to extract three features for each object in the line image. These features are the width, the mean square error (MSE) between the object and its Gaussian, and the peak intensity (gray level). The fuzzy K -NN and fuzzy c -means algorithms are used as the pattern classifiers to recognize each object as weld or non-weld. Their performances are compared. The post-processing operation is applied to remove noises generated due to false alarms and to connect discontinuous weld lines due to misclassifications. The difficulties involved in post-processing results obtained by the fuzzy K -NN and fuzzy c -means algorithms are discussed. It is shown that both classifiers can successfully extract welds. However, the fuzzy K -NN classifier is concluded to be better because it gives fewer false alarms, and thus easier weld extraction.
Moving narratives: using online forums to study amenity out-migration in the American Midwest.

Rural amenity communities attract in-migrants with natural scenery, recreational opportunities, and cultural charm. But the demographic story of amenity destinations in the United States is not one of simply arrivals, but of cyclical and simultaneous arrivals and departures. While scholars of amenity migration paint detailed portraits of the people moving toward amenities, far less is written about those who leave amenity communities. Accessing a sample of reverse amenity migrants is both beyond the purview of most research and difficult to achieve logistically, but learning from these reverse migrants will sharpen the academic rendering of amenity communities. This paper analyzes content from online forums in which reverse amenity migrants from one region of the American Midwest reflect upon their experiences. It examines the extent to which they attribute their move to unmet social and material expectations, finding that divisions based on wealth are not only present among posts but addressed directly in posts. The paper considers the implications of contrasting expectations, and proposes that online forums can help researchers more easily investigate factors that influence modern migration decisions.
The 1901 St Louis Incident: The First Modern Medical Disaster

On October 19, 1901, Dr R.C. Harris, a St Louis physician, attended to a young girl named Bessie Baker who was suffering from advanced diphtheria. As was his routine, he injected diphtheria antitoxin into the child and, as a preventive, her 2 younger siblings and concluded that “she would soon be entirely well.” But 4 days later he was called back to the Bakers’ home to a terrifying discovery:“There I found that the little girl was suffering from tetanus (lockjaw). I could do nothing for her. The poison was injected so thoroughly into her system that she was beyond medical aid.”1 Bessie died of tetanus the following day, as did her 2 siblings within the week. So began one of the worst safety disasters in the history of American public health, in which, by the time it was over, some 13 children had died of tetanus from contaminated antisera. Diphtheria was a scourge throughout the 19th century. It primarily affected children, and it killed through the release of an exotoxin that creates a pseudomembrane inside the throat of affected patients. When death occurred, which it did in 10% to 40% of patients, it did so primarily through asphyxiation. In 1884, Friedrich Loeffler, a scientist in Berlin, discovered how to culture diphtheria in the laboratory and he grew it in guinea pigs. Loeffler’s colleagues in Germany and Paris developed experiments proving that a diphtheria toxin when injected into guinea pigs, and later dogs and horses, produced a substance in their blood that could be used to treat diphtheria in another species.2 … Address correspondence to Ross E. DeHovitz, MD, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301. E-mail: dehovir{at}pamf.org
Coordinate regulation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine dehydrogenase levels in chick liver

Abstract Previously it has been shown that the levels of xanthine dehydrogenase in chick liver can be increased by feeding high-protein diets, adenine, and allopurinol (a xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor). Also, it has been shown that starvation increases the level of xanthine dehydrogenase in chick liver and that unsaturated fatty acids in the diet suppress the levels of xanthine dehydrogenase in the liver. Results reported here show that starvation and high-protein diets enhance the levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and that unsaturated fatty acids suppress the level of this enzyme. In contrast with xanthine dehydrogenase, adenine and allopurinol have no effect on purine nucleoside phosphorylase levels. These results suggest that dietary protein and unsaturated fatty acids regulate more than one enzyme involved in the production of uric acid. Levels of xanthine dehydrogenase in the pancreas can be increased by feeding and decreased by starvation or feeding unsaturated fatty acids. None of these procedures has any effect on the level of pancreatic purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Use of Profound Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest for the Calcified Aorta

This case report discusses one method of dealing with the extensively calcified aorta in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest was used in a patient undergoing aortic valve replacement with severe calcification of the ascending aorta and transverse arch. This patient recovered from surgery and was discharged from the hospital with no neurologic deficits.
SCATTERING OF LIGHT BY PROTONS.

Within the framework of the Chew-Low-Wick development an analysis of the scattering of photons from a nucleon is carried out. It is shown that an exact relationship exists between the Compton effect amplitude and the experimental meson-nucleon scattering phase shifts for all multipoles except magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole provided that effects arising from currents inside the nucleon source (i.e., line currents) are slowly varying functions of photon energy. That part of the magnetic dipole scattering which can be described in terms of the isotopic vector part of the anomalous magnetic moments of the nucleon is also treated exactly. The cross section for the Compton process is evaluated on the basis of the electric and magnetic dipole contributions only, since a nonrecoil theory is clearly expected to be poor for photon energies greater than 300 Mev. Fairly good agreement with experiment is achieved.
Dimensions of the heads of the fast and slow sedimenting forms of bacteriophage T2L

Abstract Bacteriophage T2L undergoes a reversible conversion between two conformations having S20. w values of about 1000 s and 700 s. These are known, respectively, as the “fast” and “slow” sedimenting forms. Preparations of both forms of the bacteriophage were fixed with formaldehyde, negatively stained with uranyl acetate, and observed in the electron microscope. The tail fibers of the fast form generally extended upward, in proximity to the tail and terminating on the head. The tail fibers of the slow form extended outward, away from the tail. The morphology of the heads of both forms of T2L, as seen in these negatively stained preparations, depended markedly on the stain distribution surrounding a bacteriophage on the electron microscope grid; most of the heads seen were judged to be irregularly shaped and distorted in appearance. Selected examples of both fast and slow forms of T2L had heads which appeared polyhedral in shape, generally hexagonal in outline, and free from obvious collapse and distortion; these selections were constituted as samples of the fast and slow forms which best represented the native head structure of the bacteriophage. Comparison of the lengths and widths of the heads of the phages in these samples showed no significant differences in length or width. Mean dimensions obtained for the head of T2L were: length, 113 nm; width, 89 nm. These results, in the light of previous hydrodynamic evidence from other laboratories, indicate that changes in head dimensions of T-even phage do not occur in transitions between fast and slow sedimenting forms; these transitions are mediated solely by altered configurations of the tail fibers. Several models can be formulated which would account for the fact that some strains of T-even phage (e.g. T2L) have slow forms (extended tail fibers) sedimenting with S20. w of about 700 s, whereas extended tail fiber forms of other strains sediment with S20. w of about 800 to 900 s.
Renovascular injury: an argument for renal preservation.

Background:Renovascular injury is uncommon among children. This study hypothesized that preservation of the severely injured kidney can be achieved safely without renal insufficiency, postinjury hypertension, or the need for hemodialysis.Methods:Retrospective chart review of renal injuries seen betw
PREDICTING THE ACCEPTANCE OF DENTAL CARE BY RESIDENTS OF NURSING HOMES

Inasmuch as prediction should be simpler and cheaper than planning and completing a survey, you are advised to read this paper.
Personalizing and discussing algorithms within CS1 studio experiences: an observational study

Pedagogical algorithm visualization technology aims to assist learners in understanding the dynamic behavior of computer algorithms. A key trend in past experimental studies is that learners benefit most when they are actively engaged with algorithm visualization technology. Inspired by this trend, we are exploring the pedagogical value of a novel active learning activity-the Studio Experience-within the context of an introductory CS1 unit on algorithmic problem-solving. In a Studio Experience, student pairs are given algorithm design problems, e.g., "design two alternative algorithms that reverse the values in a list." They are tasked both with constructing algorithmic solutions and accompanying visualizations, and with presenting their visualizations for feedback and discussion in a session modeled after an architectural "design crit." Through an observational study of studio experience sessions in which students used two alternative forms of visualization technology-art supplies and a computer-based tool-we gained insight into (a) the processes by which students construct visual presentations of algorithms, (b) the characteristics of their visual presentations; (c) the nature of conversations mediated by visual algorithmic solutions; and (d) the kind of visualization technology that best supports these activities. Based on our results, we suggest improvements to the approach, and propose an agenda for future empirical studies.
Construct validity of the abuse-dependence distinction as measured by DSM-IV criteria for different psychoactive substances

This article used the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to compare the validity of a qualitative and a quantitative model of the abuse-dependence distinction for different psychoactive substances in samples of drug users drawn from drug treatment inpatients, general psychiatric patients, and the community. The hypothesis that DSM-IV abuse criteria differ from dependence criteria in kind rather than degree (a qualitative model) was only occasionally supported by confirmatory factor analyses of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, by patterns of correlations of the two kinds of criteria with Addiction Severity Score (ASI) composites and measures of frequency of substance abuse, and by concurrent/prognostic validity analyses. However, the findings were consistent with a quantitative model of the abuse-dependence distinction that posits that abuse is a mild form of dependence. Whether abuse and dependence categories of users were established from separate DSM-IV criteria for abuse and dependence or from scores from a severity-of-dependence scale based on the pooled DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, abusers generally used drugs less than users in the dependence category and reported less problems associated with substance abuse on the ASI.
The impact of numeracy ability and technology skills on older adults' performance of health management tasks using a patient portal

Patient portals, which allow patients to access their health record via the Internet, are becoming increasingly widespread and are expected to be used by diverse consumer populations. In addition to technology skills, numeracy skills are also likely to be critical to performing health management tasks, as much of the data contained in the portal are numeric. This study examined how factors such as Internet experience, numeracy, and education impacted the performance of common tasks using a simulated patient portal among a sample of older adults. In addition, information was gathered on the ability of older adults to estimate their numeracy skills. Results indicated that numeracy and Internet experience had a significant impact on their ability to perform the tasks and that older adults tended to overestimate their numeracy skills. Results from this study can help to identify interventions that may enhance the usability of patient portals for older adults.
CHELATION OF TRACE METALS IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS.

The effect of chelating agents added to nutrient solutions on plants growing in these solutions was investigated. Chelating chemicals used were: 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (carbamate), sodium 1:8 dihydroxynaphthalene 3:6 disulphonate (chromatropic salt), sodium 1-nitroso-2-naphthol 3:6 disulphonate (nitroso-R-salt), tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (quinalizarin), and hydroxy-benzoic acid (salicylic acid). Germination and seedling studies with tomato, pea, bean, corn, and radish, and water culture tests with tomatoes, using various concentrations of the chelating agents, are described, and plant responses to these reagents examined. Iron was the only metal ion effectively removed from solution at low concentrations of oxine, carbamate, nitroso-R-salt, and quinalizarin. Iron was not effectively chelated by either chromatropic salt or salicylic acid. Concentrations of chelating agents in which plants would grow did not chelate metal ions effectively, while concentrations of chelating agents which chelated effectively produced severe plant injury. This injury resulted from heavy metals being extracted from the root cells. Since effective chelation in the nutrient solution results in severe plant injury, the use of such agents in nutrient solutions in direct contact with the roots of growing plants is not a feasible method of controlling trace metal contamination in such solutions.
Effects of Estradiol on Prostaglandin F2α Levels in Primary Monolayer Cultures of Epithelial Cells from Human Proliferative Endometrium

Primary monolayer cultures of glandular epithelial or stromal cells isolated from human proliferative endometrium release prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) into the medium. In epithelial cell cultures maintained in medium containing charcoal-stripped calf serum, estradiol (10(-8) M) increased the levels of PGF2 alpha 2.5- to 5-fold during the first 24 h and as much as 40-fold during the second and third days in culture. A similar response was seen with estradiol at a concentration of 10(-10) M. The response to estradiol was only about half as great in medium containing untreated calf serum. Preliminary measurements of PGF2 alpha levels in stromal cell cultures showed that estradiol did not increase PGF2 alpha levels in the medium and even reduced it in some preparations. The estradiol-stimulated increase in PGF2 alpha levels in the epithelial cell cultures contrasts with the lack of responsiveness of proliferative endometrium in organ culture. This finding suggests that the ability of glands to respond to estradiol is repressed in proliferative endometrium.
Abstract 5228: Characterization of miR-21 as a potential circulating biomarker for osteosarcoma

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that are implicated in various important biological processes by regulation of gene expression. Aberrant miRNA expression is suggested to be associated with various human disorders including cancer. In this study, we studied if miRNAs can be used as biomarkers in osteosarcoma (OS). OS is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Despite the use of surgery and multi-agent chemotherapy, OS patients who respond poorly towards chemotherapy or develop relapses have a dismal outcome. Thus, it is of clinical significance if a biomarker approach can be developed to monitor tumor burden and detect early relapses in the patients, so that they can be treated as early as possible to improve the survival. To achieve this goal, we performed miRNA profiling on a cohort of OS plasma samples collected from the Texas Children's Hospital. miR-21 and other miRNAs were identified to be elevated in OS patients relative to a group of healthy controls. Circulating miR-21 has been detected in other types of cancer and in the tumor it is known to negatively regulate tumor suppressor genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis and invasion; however, its role in OS is still unclear. Hence, we first validated that miR-21 was elevated in a set of independent osteosarcoma plasma samples but not in the control samples. Using serial plasma samples from a group of patients, we found that the circulating miR-21 level was lower in the posttreatment plasma samples than in the pretreatment samples. These results suggest that circulating miR-21 may correlate with tumor burden of the patients. In addition, miR-21 was expressed in many OS tumors as detected by in situ hybridization on an OS tissue microarray. When tested on two OS cell lines, miR-21was significantly increased in the culture media between 24 and 48 hours after plating in a cell number dependent manner, suggesting that miR-21 could be released from the tumor cells. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-21 is expressed in OS and its level in plasma may reflect tumor burden in OS patients. Citation Format: Manjula Nakka, Yiting Li, Colin McGee, Ching Lau, Tsz Kwong Man. Characterization of miR-21 as a potential circulating biomarker for osteosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5228
A NOVEL METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RESTRICTED-ACCESS MEDIA-ALKYL-DIOL SILICA (ADS)

A novel method had been developed to prepare ADS packings. Different alkyl-chains were bound onto Develosil60-5μ silica (particle size dp = 5 μm, s = 400–450m2/g) with γ-glycidoxypropy-ltrimethoxysilane as coupling agent and hydrophilic diol phase precursor. Characterization of the packings was carried out with elemental analysis, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), solid-state 13C, and 29Si CP-MAS NMR. Chromatographic tests confirm the essence of the packings and RAS behavior.
Fast binary and gray-scale mathematical morphology on VLIW media processors

Mathematical morphology has proven to be useful for solving a variety of image processing problems and plays a key role in certain time-critical machine vision applications. The large computation requirement for morphology poses a challenge for microprocessors to support in real time, and often hardwired solutions such as ASICs and EPLDs have been necessary. This paper present a method to implement binary and gray-scale morphology algorithm sufficiently on programmable VLIW mediaprocessors. Efficiency is gained by (1) mapping the algorithms to the mediaprocessor's parallel processing units, (2) avoiding redundant computations by converting the structuring element into a unique lookup table, and (3) minimizing the I/O overhead by using an on- chip programmable DMA controller. Using our approach, 'C' implementation of gray-scale dilation takes 7.0 ms and binary dilation takes 1.2 ms on a 200 MHz MAP1000 mediaprocessor, and more than 35 times faster than that reported for general-purpose microprocessors. With comparable performance to ASIC implementations and the flexibility of a programmable processor, this real-time image computing with mediaprocessors will be more widely used in machine vision and other imaging applications in the future.
Nkx3.1 and Myc crossregulate shared target genes in mouse and human prostate tumorigenesis

Cooperativity between oncogenic mutations is recognized as a fundamental feature of malignant transformation, and it may be mediated by synergistic regulation of the expression of pro- and antitumorigenic target genes. However, the mechanisms by which oncogenes and tumor suppressors coregulate downstream targets and pathways remain largely unknown. Here, we used ChIP coupled to massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) and gene expression profiling in mouse prostates to identify direct targets of the tumor suppressor Nkx3.1. Further analysis indicated that a substantial fraction of Nkx3.1 target genes are also direct targets of the oncoprotein Myc. We also showed that Nkx3.1 and Myc bound to and crossregulated shared target genes in mouse and human prostate epithelial cells and that Nkx3.1 could oppose the transcriptional activity of Myc. Furthermore, loss of Nkx3.1 cooperated with concurrent overexpression of Myc to promote prostate cancer in transgenic mice. In human prostate cancer patients, dysregulation of shared NKX3.1/MYC target genes was associated with disease relapse. Our results indicate that NKX3.1 and MYC coregulate prostate tumorigenesis by converging on, and crossregulating, a common set of target genes. We propose that coregulation of target gene expression by oncogenic/tumor suppressor transcription factors may represent a general mechanism underlying the cooperativity of oncogenic mutations during tumorigenesis.
The effect of carbon dioxide on spontaneous locomotor activity in normoxic and hypoxic atmospheres

Eleven male Sprague-Dawley rats were run in an activity wheel for three 20 min sessions under each of four atmospheres varying in O2 concentration (21% or 8%) and CO2 concentration (0% or 5%), remainder N2. Results indicated an interaction of CO2 and O2 levels. The addition of 5% CO2 to a normoxic atmosphere reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. The addition of 5% CO2 to a hypoxic atmosphere increased the level of activity. These data are consistent with the findings of other investigators concerning the effects of CO2 and O2 on the central nervous system.
Phloretin and phloretin analogs: Mode of action in planar lipid bilayers and monolayers

Phloretin and other neutral phloretin-like molecules are able to decrease the electrostatic potential within neutral lipid bilayers and monolayers. The relationship between the change in the dipole potential and the aqueous concentration of the molecule is well described by a Langmuir isotherm. From the Langmuir isotherm, the apparent dissociation constants (K D A ) and the maximum dipole potential change (ΔΔψ max) are obtained for the different phloretin-like molecules tested. Considering the phloretin analogs as derivatives of acetophenone containing two kinds of substituents, one on the benzene ring and another on the carbon chain, it is found that (a)K D A is related to the hydrophobicity of the compound and is also a function of the position of the hydroxyl substituent in the ring; (b) from the dependence ofK D A on the length of the acyl chain, it is estimated that the free-energy change is ∼650 cal/mole CH2; (c)ΔΔψ max is not a simple function of the dipole moment of the molecule but depends on the substituent on the carbon chain and on the position and number of hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring; (d) phloretin adsorption parameters are a function of membrane lipid composition. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of these compounds on chloride transport in red blood cells.
Developmental, social and behavioral characteristics of speech and language disordered children

This paper reports on an epidemiological study of psychiatric disorder in children with speech and language disorders. Earlier preliminary analyses of data on the children presenting to a speech clinic suggested that these children are at risk for the development of psychiatric disorder. Data on a larger number of children is analyzed in the present paper, and particular attention is given to the developmental, demographic and linguistic factors which may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric disorder or communication disorder. The data confirms that communication disordered children are at risk for the development of psychiatric disorder, and indicates that adverse environmental conditions do not seem to be responsible for this risk. A subgroup of children who are at greatest risk is identified and described.
Abstract 4315: Enrichment of xenotransplantable clonal cells in CD38high/CD138+ cells of multiple myeloma patients

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by frequent relapse following initial therapy, implying the presence of a therapy-resistant and tumor-initiating cell population. While tumor-initiating cells have been reported for human multiple myeloma, the data provide conflicting information regarding the surface immunophenotype of these cells. Here, we analyzed bone marrow myeloma and B-lineage cells of patients for fractionation, examined engraftment of myeloma cells in various mouse models, and finally investigated myeloma-initiating population by examining the repopulation of human myeloma cells in recipient mice. The clonality of repopulating cells was also determined by RT-PCR of immunoglobulin gene variable regions. First, the examination of immunophenotype of patients’ bone marrow cells allowed us to fractionate myeloma/plasma cell-enriching CD138+/CD38high plasmacytic cells and CD19+CD38low/− B lymphocytic cells in 82% (31/38) of human samples. Then, we transplanted patient bone marrow cells into RAG2−/−γc−/−, NOD/scid or NOD/scid/γc−/− mice with/without human fetal bone pieces and examined the engraftment of myeloma cells. While human bone-bearing mice engrafted myeloma/plasma cells of 10 out of 19 samples, none of 18 samples gave rise to the repopulation of clonal myeloma/plasma/B cells in human bone-free immunodeficient mice. Further analysis of fractionated cells demonstrated that CD38high/CD138+ cells led to production of clonal human antibodies (2/10 samples) and a repopulation of clonally-related CD19+CD38low or CD138+CD38+ B lineage cells (5/10 samples) in grafted human bone of recipient mice. However, CD19+CD38low/−CD138− cells did not engraft clonally-related cells in human bone-bearing mice (0/9 samples). The analysis of CD38high/CD138+ myeloma cells demonstrated that more than 70% of patients still have heterogeneous plasmacytic cells in the expressions of CD45, CD19 or CD27. Our results suggest that human bone marrow microenvironment may be required for the survival and the engraftment of primary myeloma cells into recipient mice and that CD38high/CD138+/− plasmacytic cells but not CD19+CD38low/− B cells enrich clonal myeloma cells engrafting into recipient mice which may be responsible for tumor-initiation of multiple myeloma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4315.
A distinct kinase modulates the expression of IFN-inducible genes in human breast cancer cells.

The biological activity of interferons (IFNs) is presumed to be mediated through the induction of a number of IFN-inducible genes. IFN-mediated gene induction was examined in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and BT-20. Both these cell lines were remarkably responsive to IFNs as a number of IFN inducible genes were rapidly induced. We examined the sensitivity of these genes towards 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a known inhibitor of double-stranded (ds) RNA dependent protein kinase. 2-AP has also been reported to inhibit the induction of IFN-β1 in response to dsRNA and the genes c-myc and c-fos in fibroblasts. In both MCF-7 and BT-20 cell lines, 2-AP selectively inhibited the IFN-induced gene responses. 2-AP did not affect levels of the oncogene, HER-2/neu. Tamoxifen (TAM), an antiestrogenic drug, which is known to inhibit the activity of protein kinase C at high concentrations, did not affect IFN-mediated gene induction. Our data is consistent with the concept that the 2-AP sensitive kinase is primarily associated with the IFN-induced gene systems and that positive and negative growth regulating stimulii in breast cancer may require the participation of distinct kinases.
Myoinositol Kinase: Partial Purification and Identification of Product

Myoinositol kinase found in plant, animal, and microbial extracts has been partially purified by densitygradient centrifugation. The product of the enzymic reaction has been tentatively identified by paper chromatography. as myoinositol-1-phosphate.
Design and Fabrication of Argonne/KICP Detectors for CMB Polarization

We present the design, microfabrication and assembly of dual‐polarization absorber‐coupled Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer detectors for cosmic microwave background B‐mode polarization studies. The device consists of two separate dies incorporating suspended silicon nitride membranes within silicon frames, carefully aligned perpendicularly and fixtured face‐to‐face. Polarization sensitivity around 95 GHz is provided by a single dipole‐like absorber element; we briefly analyze this absorber‐in‐waveguide configuration in closed form using the EMF method. Proximity effect Mo/Au bilayers provide control of the TES critical temperature between 400 mK and 600 mK, with a normal resistance Rn∼1Ω. DC magnetron sputtering, wet etching, and liftoff were employed for TES fabrication. Optimization of the superconducting Mo thin film utilized independent RF bias applied to the substrate during deposition in a confocal geometry. This technique allows outstanding thin film uniformity and stress to be achieved simu...
Serum morphine levels in cats during dorsal horn neuron suppression by spinally administered morphine.

The degree of serum uptake of morphine following spinal morphine administration was measured in cats. Total serum morphine levels (free plus conjugated) were determined during suppression of noxiously evoked wide dynamic range neuron activity by spinally administered morphine and compared with total serum morphine levels following i.v. administration of similar doses. The serum levels at 30 minutes after spinal application of morphine (a time at which there was significant suppression of noxiously evoked neuronal activity) were low; after 0.1 and 0.25 mg the levels were 6.5 (n=6) and 12.5 (n=5) ng/ml respectively. In contrast, intravenous administration of the same doses (0.1 and 0.25 mg) produced levels at 30 minutes of 24 and 36 ng/ml respectively, while an intravenous dose commonly used in earlier neurophysiologic studies (2 mg/kg) produced serum levels in excess of 400 ng/ml. These results indicate that although there is systemic uptake following spinal administration of morphine, the serum levels achieved are much lower than those following intravenous administration of a comparable dose, and are insufficient to explain the resultant suppression of wide dynamic range neurons.
Efficacy of a Latino mother-child communication intervention in elementary schools.

Children of Latino immigrants in the United States encounter ecological stressors that heighten their risk for depressive symptoms, externalizing behavior, and problems in school. Studies have shown that affirming parent-child communication is protective of child depressive symptoms and accompanying problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of an adapted mother-child communication intervention for Latino immigrant mothers and their fourth- to sixth-grade children delivered after school. The intervention, Family Communication ("Comunicacion Familiar"), was delivered at children's elementary schools in six sessions lasting 2 hr each. Significant improvements were found in children's reports of problem-solving communication, with their mother and mothers' reports of reduced family conflict. Strengths of the intervention are improved mother-child communication, acquisition of communication skills that can transfer to relationships within the classroom, and a design that allows delivery by nurses or other professional members of the school support team.
Mozart in the Ballroom: Minuet‐Trio Contrast and the Aristocracy in Self‐Portrait

A defining feature of Viennese ballroom minuets in the second half of the eighteenth century is the marked contrast between the first and second minuet (commonly called the trio). The type of contrast was standardised within a rather narrow and predictable range. Minuets were loud, employed the full orchestra and had walking bass lines in predominantly crotchet motion. Trios were soft, employed a reduced orchestra and used a slower harmonic rhythm. Focusing on Mozart's minuets written for the ballroom, an argument is advanced as to why such sharp contrast might have been desirable. Drawing on historical and analytical evidence, it is suggested that the music of the first minuet establishes the historical authority, political power and social status of the participants of the dance, while the trio is centred artistically on the grace and beauty displayed by the individual couple on the ballroom dance floor.
Complexes of Iron(II) and Iron(III) Containing Aryl-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands

Iron(II) and iron(III) complexes containing the 1,3-dimesitylimidazole-2-ylidene (IMes) and 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) ligands have been prepared and characterized. Four-coordinate iron(II) carbene species are sensitive to the steric bulk of the carbene ligand and can adopt both monomeric and halide-bridged dimeric structures with 2:1 and 1:1 carbene to iron stoichiometries, respectively. Iron(III) carbene complexes bind a single carbene ligand, which is easily exchanged in solution. The structural and solution phase characterization of all compounds is reported, and their relevance to iron-catalyzed C–C coupling reactions is discussed.
Prediction of coronal structure of the solar eclipse of October 23, 1976

PREDICTION of solar eclipse coronal structures began in 19681 as an offshoot from suggestions by Chapman2 and Gold3 that the magnetic field in the vicinity of the Sun could be calculated. A degree of success was achieved with these early attempts1,4–6. Cowling7 states that “a sketch showing the corona observed at the eclipse … agrees well with the prediction; had Schatten drawn his streamers more nearly radial, the agreement would have been almost perfect”.
Neuropsychological testing of older persons with dementia

As part of a broad evaluation of dementia that includes a medical and neurological examination, neuropsychological assessment provides standardized ways to understand the nature and extent of cognitive deficits, and is a powerful adjunct in establishing a diagnosis. Also, neuropsychological assessment is a quantitative measure of disease progression and an indicator of the efficacy of interventions, and consequently, directly hinges on crucial issues of treatment and behavior management. Administering tests to elderly demented patients requires special skills from an examiner Attention must be paid to the needs of elderly people as well as to those people with an insidious, emotionally charged illness. This paper proposes some guidelines for testing the demented person in ways that clarify interpretation of performance.
Epitaxial electrodeposition of thallic oxide on single crystal gold

Abstract Thin films of thallic oxide Tl2O3 (Ia3, a=1.0534 nm) were electrodeposited on the three low-index surfaces of single crystal Au (Fm3m, a=0.4079 nm). Epitaxial films of Tl2O3 with a strong out-of-plane (100) texture were obtained in the case of the (100) and (111) Au substrates, while the film on the (110) Au substrate did not show a preferred out-of-plane orientation. Studies of the in-plane orientation of the films revealed that the large lattice mismatch between Au and Tl2O3 is accommodated by the formation of the coincidence lattices on (100) and (111) Au.
Determination of Products in Hydroxyl Addition of Phenol Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract Methods for quantification of the products formed in the hydroxyl addition of phenol by reverse phase chromatography are described. The sample was detected by electrochemical detector connected in tandem with UV detector. HPLC analysis indicated that the probabilities (p) for attachment of OH to the para, ortho and meta positions are 11: 8: 1. The hydroxyl radical is seen to exhibit a strong preference for addition at the positions activated by the OH group. This preference results from the electrophilic character of hydroxyl radical.
Diffusion theory of electrons in a uniform electric field: Time-of-flight analysis.

A different approach to time-of-flight (TOF) analysis is described in this paper. The view is adopted that average energy must obey a conventional continuity equation like that obeyed by electron density, leading to a pair of coupled equations consisting of an isotropic diffusion equation with two nonuniform transport coefficients and an isotropic-heat-flow equation with three nonuniform transport coefficients. By a finite-difference technique, these equations are solved simultaneously for density and average energy, both of which vary in time and space. This approach is based on energy moments of the scalar equation for the isotropic part of the velocity distribution function ${\mathit{f}}_{0}$ that results from the well-known two-term Legendre expansion. The nonuniform transport coefficients are expressed as functionals of the average energy of the electrons. These functionals are obtained by evaluating certain integrals involving ${\mathit{f}}_{0}$, which must be assumed, and the energy-dependent momentum transfer collision frequency. The method is applicable primarily to those gases for which the collision frequency can be expressed as a power of electron energy. In the special case of constant cross section, the predicted transit time of a TOF pulse agrees with the accepted value obtained by the density-gradient-expansion technique of solving the Boltzmann equation, while the predicted pulse width is 11% larger than the accepted value obtained by the same technique. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.
Actinomycin D binding by calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid and nucleoprotein

Abstract Evidence based on optical density changes is presented which suggests that in nucleoprotein only the DNA participates in binding actinomycin D. In dilute salt solution the optical density changes indicate that only half of the DNA binding sites present in nucleoprotein react with actinomycin. In l M NaCl, where the protein of nucleoprotein is known to be largely dissociated, the optical density changes suggest that the DNA and nucleoprotein bind about the same amount of actinomycin D. Evidence is presented which suggests that the optical density changes reflect the amounts of actinomycin bound. It is speculated that the protein in nucleoprotein selectively blocks all the sites on one of the strands of DNA, and that the protein may function as a selective inhibitor of all RNA synthesis from one of the strands.
New Developments in the Medical Management of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a substantial public health burden and a leading cause of cancer—related morbidity and mortality in the United States despite the observation that annual prostate cancer—specific mortality rates have been declining during the previous decade. Although the reasons for this positive development are unclear, a combination of factors may have contributed. This update will review ongoing developments and summarize therapeutic advances in prostate cancer treatment on the basis of the current understanding of prostate cancer biology. Literature for this review was selected in 2009 by searching PubMed for the following keywords: prostatic neoplasms, castration, androgen receptor, hormonal, and chemotherapy. Emphasis is placed on published clinical studies in advanced prostate cancer therapeutics in the past 5 to 10 years. Also included in the review are novel hormonal agents targeting the androgen receptor currently in development for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Evaluating travel times beneath an artificial recharge pond using sulfur hexafluoride

Draft rules for artificial recharge operations, which use recycled waste water as a source water, require minimum travel times to production wells in California. Deliberate tracer experiments are the accepted method for determining travel times. An example of a tracer experiment using sulfur hexafluoride is discussed at an artificial recharge site located within a regional water table depression. The study shows the complexity in interpreting travel times because of the influence of recharge rates and water production. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of recovering recharged water at spreading basins surrounded by production wells.