cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elektrisch leitfähige poröse Metall-organische Gerüstverbindungen

Aufgrund ihrer strukturellen, chemischen und funktionellen Vielfalt werden Metall-organische Gerustverbindungen (MOFs) seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten fur energierelevante Anwendungen erforscht. Bis vor kurzem mangelte es dabei aber an Anwendungen, fur die ein guter Ladungstransport zusammen mit Porositat und einer grosen Oberflache erforderlich ist. Die meisten MOFs sind elektrische Isolatoren, und erst unlangst wurde fur einige Materialien dieser Klasse ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfahigkeit und hohe Ladungsmobilitat gefunden. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir eine Ubersicht uber synthetische und elektronische Designstrategien fur Geruste mit permanenter Porositat und Ladungstransport uber grose Distanzen. Ferner diskutieren wir wegweisende Experimente zum elektrischen Ladungstransport und ausgewahlte Anwendungen fur diese spezielle Unterklasse von MOFs.
Preoperative Antidepressant Use: Prolonged Intubation and Reintubation after Cardiac Surgery

METHODS: All (2,092) patients undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in our STS Database from 2002-2013 were included, along with 29 variables, including demographics, comorbidities, operating room duration,and postoperative complications. Primary outcomes were PI (>24 hours), RI, and length of ICU stay. Univariate analysis was conducted with chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Independent predictors were analyzed via multivariable logistic regression.
Mitochondrial Dna Sequence of Cytochrome Oxidase II from Calliphora erythrocephala: Evolution of Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The complementary DNA sequence for the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene was determined for the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala Meigen. The sequence has a high A+T content (73%) typical of some insect mitochondrial genomes. The sequence is highly conserved with other Calliphoridae thus far examined, exhibiting between 5.1 and 8.9% nucleotide difference, 3 amino acid substitutions in the body of the protein, and length variation at the carboxy-terminus. Evolutionary analysis using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood supports the traditional monophyletic grouping of the Calliphoridae and suggests that the Calliphora sequence is more closely related to the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen than it is to Lucillia illustris Meigen or Phaenicia sericata Meigen.
Start-up vs. Diversifying Entrant:Industries with Potentials for Recombining Productive Activities

Between start-ups, de novo firms created in the focal industry context, and diversifying entrants, de alio firms with experience from other industries, who is more likely to survive? While the exta...
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Doppler Envelope Notching Predicts Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease

Introduction: Cardiac time intervals are sensitive markers of cardiac dysfunction. The usefulness of the systolic ejection time (SET) to predict incident heart failure (HF), however, is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that SET is a strong predictor of incident HF in a community based cohort free of HF. Methods: We studied middle-aged African-Americans from the Jackson cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n52,077) who underwent echocardiography between 1993 and 1995 and were free of heart failure. SET was measured by pulsed-wave Doppler. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59 years, 37% were men, 58% had hypertension, 22% diabetes and 4% prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD). SET ranged from 194 to 778 ms (mean 341 6 35 ms)(Figure 1). During median follow-up of 16.7 years, 394 (19%) had incident HF. In unadjusted analyses, the risk of incident HF increased with decreasing SET below the mean of the population (Figure 1); HF risk was approximately 40% higher for participants with a SET below the mean vs. above the mean (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.41 [1.16; 1.73], p50.001). Lower SET was also significantly associated with higher age, male gender, higher blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, lower fractional shortening (FS) and lower E/A-ratio (p for trend ! 0.001 for all). The SETwas similarly prognostic of FS and left atrium diameter (LAD) when assessed by c-statistics (0.58 for SET, 0.57 for FS and 0.59 for LAD). SET remained an independent predictor of incident HF after adjustment for age, gender, heart rate, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, CHD, systolic and diastolic BP and conventional measures of systolic and diastolic function (FS, LAD and E/A-ratio)(HR 1.06 [1.01; 1.11], p50.013, per 10 ms decrease). Conclusion: SET is an independent predictor of incident HF in a community based cohort and provides similar prognostic information on the risk of future HF when compared to conventional measures of systolic and diastolic function.
Analysis of breakpoints within the bcr gene and their correlation with the clinical course of Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. The breakpoints on chromosome 22 are clustered within a 5.8-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment known as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr), which encodes part of a functionally active gene. We analyzed the bcr in DNAs from 108 consecutive, unselected Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML patients by Southern blot and determined five restriction enzyme fragments within which breaks occur on chromosome 22. The exact sublocalization was determined in the DNA of 100 patients. It was found to be within the 5.8-kb in 99 patients and outside the bcr in only one. Within the bcr, most of the breakpoints occurred in fragments 1, 2, and 3. Overall, laboratory and clinical features of CML did not correlate with specific breakpoint fragments, but chronic-phase duration was longer in patients with a breakpoint in fragment 2 of the bcr. Large 3' bcr deletions were found in nine patients but did not influence clinical outcome. DNA from one of six patients analyzed both during chronic phase and blastic crisis showed an additional aberrant fragment, which suggested that a second abnormal clone developed in blastic crisis.
Mn2+-Doped Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Dual-Color Emission Controlled by Halide Content

Impurity doping has been widely used to endow semiconductor nanocrystals with novel optical, electronic, and magnetic functionalities. Here, we introduce a new family of doped NCs offering unique insights into the chemical mechanism of doping, as well as into the fundamental interactions between the dopant and the semiconductor host. Specifically, by elucidating the role of relative bond strengths within the precursor and the host lattice, we develop an effective approach for incorporating manganese (Mn) ions into nanocrystals of lead-halide perovskites (CsPbX3, where X = Cl, Br, or I). In a key enabling step not possible in, for example, II–VI nanocrystals, we use gentle chemical means to finely and reversibly tune the nanocrystal band gap over a wide range of energies (1.8–3.1 eV) via postsynthetic anion exchange. We observe a dramatic effect of halide identity on relative intensities of intrinsic band-edge and Mn emission bands, which we ascribe to the influence of the energy difference between the cor...
Abstract A49: Tumor-associated interstitial flow promotes macrophage migration and pro-metastatic M2 phenotype in 3D ECM

The growth of solid tumor is often accompanied by an increase in the flow of interstitial fluid (interstitial flow) from the center of the tumor to the surrounding stroma. Recent studies have shown that elevated interstitial flow can influence the migration of cancer cells and fibroblasts. Despite these findings, the effects of interstitial flow on macrophages, one of the key metastasis-promoting tumor-associated stromal cell types, have not been explored. We used microfluidic and transwell flow assays to investigate how high level of interstitial flow (~3 μm/s) often observed in tumor affect macrophage migration and protein expression. We found that interstitial flow not only enhanced macrophage migration speed, but also directed macrophages to migrate against the flow in 3D extracellular matrix. Moreover, we discovered that interstitial flow activated Akt and FAK, two kinases that are crucial for cell migration. Interestingly, interstitial flow also up-regulated macrophage expression of M2 markers Arg I and TGFβ through the activation of JAK1-STAT3/6 pathway. Finally, macrophages treated with interstitial flow were shown to have enhanced abilities to promote cancer cell migration and protrusion formation. Taken together, these results suggest that interstitial flow can promote metastasis through its effects on macrophages. Specifically, since macrophages migrate against the flow, interstitial flow, which emanates from the tumor, can act as a mechanical stimulus to recruit macrophages into tumor tissues. Moreover, interstitial flow can activate macrophages and polarize them toward pro-metastatic M2 phenotype to further promote tumor metastasis and immunosuppression. Citation Format: Ran Li, Hao Xing, Tara A. Lee, Hesham Azizgolshani, Roger D. Kamm. Tumor-associated interstitial flow promotes macrophage migration and pro-metastatic M2 phenotype in 3D ECM. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A49.
Benralizumab for the treatment of asthma.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The classification of asthma into phenotypes and endotoypes allows for the use of targeted therapies, including three biologics which target interleukin 5 (IL-5) signaling in eosinophilic asthma.Areas covered: As of December 2016, two monoclonal antibodies, mepolizumab and reslizumab, are approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration and one, benralizumab, is in clinical development. Two phase 3 trials for benralizumab, SIROCCO and CALIMA, were published in September 2016. Although there are no direct comparisons among these three anti-IL-5 therapies, the goal of this review is to summarize the current data and discuss their potential similarities and differences, with a focus on benralizumab.Expert commentary: Compared to mepolizumab and reslizumab, the possible advantages of benralizumab are less frequent dosing and a potential to reduce exacerbations irrespective of the blood eosinophil count. Some improvements in asthma symptom scores and quality of life occur with all three biol...
Making Sense of the Growing Block View

In this paper, I try to make sense of the growing block view using Kit Fine’s three-fold classification of A-theoretic views of time. I begin by motivating the endeavor of making sense of the growing block view by examining John Earman’s project in ‘Reassessing the prospects for a growing block model of the universe’ (section 2). Next, I review Fine’s reconstruction of McTaggart’s argument and its accompanying three-fold classification of A-theoretic views (section 3). I then consider three interpretations of Earman’s growing block model: the hybrid growing block (section 4), the purely tensed growing block (section 5), and Michael Tooley’s growing block (section 6). I argue for three claims. First, Finean ‘standard’ versions of these views are less congenial to the growing blocker than ‘non-standard’ ones. Second, the hybrid view is problematic on either version. And third, ‘non-standard’ versions are not fully intelligible. I provide further support for the first and third of these claims and explain why I take them to support a minimal account of passage as succession, which undercuts some of the motivation for Earman’s project (section 7). Lastly, I answer three objections (section 8).
Quantitative real-time imaging of glutathione

Glutathione plays many important roles in biological processes; however, the dynamic changes of glutathione concentrations in living cells remain largely unknown. Here, we report a reversible reaction-based fluorescent probe-designated as RealThiol (RT)-that can quantitatively monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics in living cells. Using RT, we observe enhanced antioxidant capability of activated neurons and dynamic glutathione changes during ferroptosis. RT is thus a versatile tool that can be used for both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry based high-throughput quantification of glutathione levels in single cells. We envision that this new glutathione probe will enable opportunities to study glutathione dynamics and transportation and expand our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of glutathione in living cells.
Probability and Cumulative Density Function Methods for the Stochastic Advection-Reaction Equation

We present a cumulative density function (CDF) method for the probabilistic analysis of $d$-dimensional advection-dominated reactive transport in heterogeneous media. We employ a probabilistic appr...
The Short-Run Effects of Instalment Credit Control

In an earlier paper, I presented an analysis of the intermediate-run effects of instalment credit control, that is, the effects prevailing after the new credit terms have fully replaced the old ones. Although brief reference was made there to the effects of control in the short run, that is, in the time periods immediately following the change in credit terms, yet several interesting questions regarding the short run had to be ignored because of the scope of that paper. One may ask, for example: Does the down-payment effect tend to grow or diminish in strength from one period to the next during the transition from old credit terms to new ones? What about the maturity effect? Do these effects change with time, if at all, at a steady rate? In one direction only, or with reversals)? And how will different types of consumer reaction to new credit terms, as reflected in the amount of credit purchases, modify the down-payment and maturity effects, especially when there is perversity? These questions are important because for purposes of credit control policy, the short-run effects are in many cases more relevant than the intermediate-run effects. The present paper seeks to answer these questions. As the questions themselves suggest, the following discussion will be principally concerned with the delineation of the time paths of effects of credit term changes. In this sense, then, the paper pertains to the realm of “dynamics,” in contrast to the comparative-statics orientation of the earlier article. As in the earlier paper, I shall assume (a) a constant rate of growth of credit purchases before control, (b) uniform down-payment and maturity terms on all credit purchases, (c) straight-line amortization of all instalment debts, and (d) the absence of secondary effects. But instead of assuming that new credit terms will always result in a new (fixed) rate of growth of instalment purchases, I shall also consider several other types of consumer reaction. Finally, to make the analysis more general, the concept “marginal propensity to cut outlays for down payments” will be introduced, to supplement the “marginal propensity to cut outlays for instalments” used in the other paper.
Geotechnical Data Visualization and Modeling of Civil Infrastructure Projects

Geomaterial data analysis and visualization are important tools as they can provide geotechnical information in a visualized way that will help design and practice engineers understand the site to materials conditions in a holistic manner so they can make prudent decisions on foundation infrastructure to ground improvement options. With the advancements made in the computational arena, the use of material property sets including those of large data sets, one can expect a nicer presentation of site to material characterization if they are presented in a visual manner. GIS-based visualization tools are often used in many areas of the geotechnical engineering including terrain digital elevation modeling, subsurface material characterization, infrastructure monitoring and hazard mapping. Tests including laboratory and field studies on geomaterials, sensor instrumentation, remote sensing and photogrammetry studies, and others have provided geomaterial characterization to performance details in the visualization models. This paper highlights a few of these highlights and advancements made for better understanding of construction and performance of infrastructure using geospatial and visualization tools. Case studies ranging from data captured from photogrammetry-based measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) platforms to material characterizations to in-situ cone penetration tests are described to illustrate the significance of 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional based visualization analyses. Future applications are also briefly covered.
Genetic variation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA1

Isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been applied to studies of genetic relationships and germplasm management in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, isozymes identify relatively few polymorphisms, and RFLPs are technically complex, expensive, and not compatible for the high through-put required for rigorous assessment of this narrow-based germplasm. Since random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers do not manifest such shortcomings, a study was conducted in cucumber to examine genetic relationships in diverse germplasm, assess the usefulness of RAPD markers in distinguishing elite accessions, and compare the relative effectiveness of RAPD markers to that of isozyme and RFLP markers. One hundred and eighteen C. sativus accessions were analyzed using variation at 71 RAPD loci (44 mapped and 27 unmapped). Genetic distances among accessions were estimated using the simple matching coefficient complement, and analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling. Each accession had a unique marker profile, indicating that RAPD analysis was useful in genotypic differentiation. Germplasm grouping patterns were consistent with individual accession origins, theoretical dispersal routes and discriminating morphological characters (i.e., sex expression and fruit length to diameter ratio). Although elite accessions were discriminated by RAPD profiling, their genetic distances were relatively small (between 0.01 and 0.58), indicating limited genetic diversity in this germplasm array. Assessment of a subset of the germplasm array using RAPDs resulted in genetic distance measurements more similar to published genetic distance estimates by RFLP markers (Spearman rank correlation, rs = 0.7–0.8) than estimates by isozyme markers (rs = 0.4). Data indicate that RAPD markers have utility for analysis of genetic diversity and germplasm management in cucumber.
A “polar contact” tent for reduced perturbation and improved performance of NIF ignition capsules

In indirectly driven Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions conducted on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the imploding capsule is supported in a laser-heated radiation enclosure (called a “hohlraum”) by a pair of very thin (∼15–45 nm) plastic films (referred to as a “tent”). Even though the thickness of these tents is a small fraction of that of the spherical capsule ablator (∼165 μm), both numerical simulations as well as experiments indicate that this capsule support mechanism results in a large areal density (ρR) perturbation on the capsule surface at the contact point where the tent departs from the capsule. As a result, during deceleration of the deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel layer, a jet of the dense ablator material penetrates and cools the fuel hot spot, significantly degrading the neutron yield (resulting in only ∼10%–20% of the unperturbed 1-D yield). In this article, we present a hypothesis and supporting design simulations of a new “polar contact” tent support system, which reduces the contact area between the tent and the capsule and results in a significant improvement in the capsule performance. Simulations predict a ∼70% increase in neutron yield over that for an implosion with a traditional tent support. An initial demonstration experiment was conducted on the NIF and produced highest ever recorded primary DT neutron yield among all layered DT implosions with plastic ablators on the NIF, though more experiments are needed to comprehensively study the effect of the polar tent on implosion performance.
Dynamic time-kill curve characterization of spectinamide antibiotics 1445 and 1599 for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Abstract Spectinamides are a novel class of antibiotics under development for the treatment of MDR- and XDR-tuberculosis, with 1599 and 1445 as early lead candidates within this group. In order to evaluate and differentiate the pharmacological properties of these compounds and assist in candidate selection and design of optimal dosing regimens in animal models of Mtb infection, time kill curve assessments were performed in a previously established in vitro PK/PD model system. The performed studies and subsequent pharmacometric analysis indicate that the anti-mycobacterial activity of 1599 exhibits concentration-dependent killing whereas 1445 shows time-dependent killing. These findings are supported by the fact that the PKPD index that best describes bacterial killing is T > MIC for 1445, but fCmax/AUC for 1599. The differential killing behavior among the lead candidates can be rationalized by the differences in post-antibiotic effect: 15.7 h for 1445 compared the 133 h for 1599. Overall, the PK/PD based analysis of the in vitro pharmacologic killing profile of spectinamides 1599 and 1445 on mycobacteria provided valuable insights that contributed to lead candidate selection and preclinical development of these compounds.
A Case Example of District-Wide Adoption of the Tier 2 Identification and Intervention Framework

The multitiered framework for preventing and addressing discipline and school climate, school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports, is widely adopted across the United States with mu...
Surgical Management Strategies for Pseudotumor Cerebri/Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Although a rare condition generally, we have seen a growing population of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients over the years. We have evolved better management strategies and improved on our options for diagnosis and treatment. These patients all have elevated intracranial pressures (ICP). Symptomatic presentation varies. The possibilities of visual deterioration and blindness drive our therapeutic interventions. When patients have reached the point where their condition is no longer effectively managed by medical means and lifestyle adjustments, we have developed procedural strategies and surgical interventions to assist in the management. We hope to share these in this presentation.
IL-21 Controls ILC3 Cytokine Production and Promotes a Protective Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Colitis

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have dual roles in intestinal health, acting in both protective and pathogenic capacities, and importantly, modulations in this population of innate lymphoid cells have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. Further, subpopulations of ILC3s have been described as serving specific functions in maintaining homeostasis or responding to infection, and aberrant activation of one or more of these subpopulations could exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease. However, the signals that enforce the protective and pathogenic features of ILC3s are not fully elucidated. In this article, we show that IL-21, a cytokine primarily produced by CD4 T cells, acts on a subpopulation of intestinal ILC3s to promote a protective phenotype. IL-21 signaling does not affect the MHC class II-expressing ILC3 subset but promotes ILC3s that express Tbet and are poised to produce IL-22. Consistent with a protective phenotype, IL-21 deficiency dampens cytokine-induced IL-17A production. We show that exacerbated colitis develops in mice lacking the IL-21 receptor, in agreement with a protective role for IL-21 signaling on ILC3s. To our knowledge, these data reveal a novel role for IL-21 in shaping innate lymphoid cell responses in the intestine and provide one mechanism by which effector CD4 T cells can influence innate immunity.
Difference – or Deficiency – in Judgment? Evaluations of Auditors, and the Joint Effects of Approach Punitiveness and Wise Thinking Disposition

Evaluations of auditors’ professional judgments by persons outside of audit teams (e.g., PCAOB inspections, AICPA peer reviews, audit firms’ internal quality reviews) are a pervasive means of helping ensure audit quality. We examine how three important psychological factors jointly influence evaluators’ assessments, moderating whether bias and unwarranted inconsistency occur for evaluations of identical, plainly acceptable audit work. We test our theory in an abstract experiment in which we manipulate whether or not the judgments evaluated by participants happen to differ from the judgments they made during an earlier stage of the experiment. We also manipulate the punitiveness of the evaluation approach and measure evaluators’ disposition for wise thinking. Consistent with psychology theory, evaluators exhibit myside bias in that they less favorably assess judgments that differ from their own, relative to the control participants who also provide evaluations for those same judgments. On a more encouraging note, high wise thinkers exhibit less myside bias than low wise thinkers under a more punitive, inspection approach and, unlike low wise thinkers, logically recognize that judgments differing from their own simultaneously can be less reasonable than their own but still of sufficient quality to pass an inspection. Regulatory bodies and audit firms should be interested in these results, as bias and inconsistency for identical, acceptable audit judgments reduce the capacity of these evaluations to advance the public interest by ensuring audit quality.
Associations between national financial trends and facial plastic surgery procedural volume.

OBJECTIVE(S) To characterize procedural trends in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures in relation to the United States economy. METHODS Retrospective cohort study examining annual procedure rates were determined from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Procedural Statistics from January 1 2007 to December 30, 2017. Procedures were compared to economic activity of the United States as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) were compared using Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit testing and piecewise multivariate regression modeling. RESULTS Annual trends in procedural rates showed an overall decrease in the rates of rhinoplasty (284,960 to 218,924), blepharoplasty (240,660 to 209,571), and otoplasty (28,571 to 23,433) from 2007 to 2017. Total cosmetic surgery remained fairly stable, while minimally invasive cosmetic surgery increased in frequency over the study period. On piecewise regression analysis, rhinoplasty (P = .02), rhytidectomy (P = .007), invasive cosmetic surgery (P < .001) were significantly associated with GDP, whereas otoplasty (P = .98) and reconstructive surgery (P = .11) were not associated with GDP. CONCLUSION Cosmetic plastic surgery procedures show a greater correlation to GDP than reconstructive procedures. Trends in plastic surgery cases over the last decade show a decreasing number of rhinoplasty, otoplasty, and blepharoplasty, with stabilization in the last few years. An increasing number of reconstructive cases are found. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:632-636, 2020.
Preliminary development of a questionnaire measuring patient views of participation in clinical trials.

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire for measuring patient perceptions of participating in clinical trials. Development was based on earlier research on patient views of involvement in medical care and a literature review. Patients were recruited from an ongoing clinical trial focused on cardiovascular illness and from an outpatient psychiatry department. Factor analysis was conducted on a pilot version of the questionnaire in 2016 and on a revised version in 2017. A total of 53 patients were recruited for the pilot study and 55 were recruited for the main study, substantially below the goal of 100 participants. Factor analysis revealed six factors measuring aspects of patients’ perceptions of participating in clinical trials, including motivation, risks and benefits, the nature of the trial itself, and practical considerations, such as cost and convenience. Inter-scale correlations ranged between 0.06 and 0.64, indicating acceptable scale independence. Reliability scores (Cronbach’s alphas) ranged from 0.62 to 0.85. Factor analysis results were somewhat unstable, with shared variance for several items across scales. This is likely due to the small sample sizes. In larger, more diverse patient samples, this questionnaire can be useful for measuring and incorporating patients’ views into the design and execution of clinical trials.
Flame retardant performance of carbonaceous nanomaterials on polyester fabric

Abstract Flame retardants (FRs) are applied to select consumer products such as baby clothing, construction materials, electronics and furniture upholstery to slow or prevent fire ignition or growth by physical/chemical mechanisms. The most commonly used FRs have historically been halogenated molecules. However, their bioaccumulation in mammals has been investigated, leading to some of them to be banned. As an alternative FR, this study investigated the potential of carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) coating material on polyester fabric. CNMs mass loadings on fabrics were verified by programmed thermal analysis (PTA) and tested for flame retardancy using a new assessment approach based on National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) method 705. Compared with traditional FRs, select CNMs showed similar flame retardancy at lower mass loadings. The oxygen content of CNMs, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), emerged as a critical parameter with higher oxygen content resulting in reduced flame retardancy of the coating. Non nano-sized carbonaceous materials such a carbon black did not exhibit the same flame retardant properties as CNMs. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (e.g., NH2-MWCNT) required significantly lower mass loadings to achieve flame retardancy similar to traditional FRs and hence are promising alternatives that warrant further investigation.
Examining the Role of Individual Differences & Motivation in Predicting Social TV Viewing Behaviors among Young Adults in the U.S.

Social TV is the modern media multitasking behavior in which audiences engage in simultaneous social media use while watching linear or streaming television. This emerging trend in media consumption is growing as both the use of social media and integration of social media in television content becomes ubiquitous. An online survey (N = 276) utilized Uses and Gratifications theory as a framework for examining motivations closely associated with television consumption and social media use. Multiple regression results reveal that Passing Time and Personal Innovativeness positively influence the likelihood of using Social TV.
Integrating high fidelity patient simulation into a skills-based doctor of pharmacy curriculum: A literature review with focus on the bedrock pilot course.

Abstract Introduction Simulation-based teaching is an effective instructional strategy gaining momentum in pharmacy education but remains variable across programs. This is the first known report depicting the development of a multifaceted, integrated simulation program during concurrent initiation of a new skills-based pharmacy curriculum. Methods A significant infrastructure expansion created simulation areas whose availability corresponded with the initiation of a new skills-based curriculum. Integration of simulation occurred with existing personnel resources using area pilots. Pilots developed operational and educational design standards spanning the pre-simulation, simulation, and debriefing phases. The value of high-fidelity simulation pilots detailed here was assessed through both student survey and successful transference of tools to other courses. Results The pilots developed core operational and educational design standards, super-user faculty groups, and created an operational director position, essential for simulation promulgation throughout the curriculum. In the high-fidelity patient simulation pilot, operational elements included mannequin and equipment procedures, best practices for faculty and confederate engagement, and formulary development. Educational design standards addressed objective development, session flow, team roles, and debriefing. A grading rubric template aligned goals and assessed outcomes. All elements were structured into a planning worksheet. Student survey reflected the perceived value of this pilot. Conclusions Operational support, integration coordination, and perceived value are all essential elements for successful curricular integration of simulation in a pharmacy curriculum. The pilots created the operational and educational structure establishing standards and defining required resources to sustain success. These pilots allowed for rapid curricular proliferation of simulation across the first and third professional years.
Exploring how couples navigate the COVID-19 pandemic using Wefulness Theory

Framed by Wefulness Theory (WT; Nuru & Bruess, 2022), the present study explores the COVID-19 global pandemic as a context for examining relational struggle and strength during times of challenge. ...
Losses, Dissonances, and Distortions.

In this paper I present a study in using the losses and gradients obtained during the training of a simple function approximator as a mechanism for creating musical dissonance and visual distortion in a solo piano performance setting. These dissonances and distortions become part of an artistic performance not just by affecting the visualizations, but also by affecting the artistic musical performance. The system is designed such that the performer can in turn affect the training process itself, thereby creating a closed feedback loop between two processes: the training of a machine learning model and the performance of an improvised piano piece.
MECHANISM AND IMPLICATIONS OF SELECTIVE NEURAL LESIONS BY ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ANTIBODIES IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS

We are exploring the use of monoclonal antibodies to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a means of targeting cholinergic neurons for destruction. By administering such antibodies to experimental animals one can create highly selective cholinergic deficits in brain and spinal cord as well as in the peripheral nervous system (Brimijoin and Lennon, 1990; Bean et al., 1991; Brimijoin et al., 1993; Rakonczay et al., 1993). The immunologically induced deficits show promise as models of natural neurologic disorders in human patients and as tools for neurobiology.
C-Reactive Protein As a Predictor Of Bacterial Disease In Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Fever

Introduction Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of serious bacterial disease compared to children without SCD. Children with SCD and fever are recommended to undergo prompt evaluation, including a physical exam, complete blood count, blood culture, and sometimes chest x-ray. These children often receive empiric parenteral antibiotics until blood cultures show no bacteremia for forty-eight hours. Studies in this population have identified clinical and laboratory features that are associated with low rates of bacteremia or that predict bacteremia. C-reactive protein is an acute phase reactant that has been studied as a predictor for bacteremia in a variety of clinical situations. Crp, however, has not been evaluated as a predictor of serious bacterial disease in children with SCD. Method Retrospective chart review of children age 0 – 18.9 year old admitted to Baystate Children’s Hospital with a diagnosis of SCD and fever who had crp and blood culture drawn between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011. SCD included homozygous SS disease, SC disease, or Sβ-thalassemia. Bacterial disease was defined as bacteremia, osteomyelitis, pneumonia/ acute chest syndrome, pyelonephritis. Parental report of fever was accepted. Age, maximum temperature, white blood count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), percent of neutrophils (ANC/WBC), and crp were evaluated. Results 80 cases met inclusion criteria. 18 cases had bacterial disease. Compared to children without bacterial disease, those with bacterial disease were older (mean age 11 vs. 4.8 yr, p Conclusions Children with SCD hospitalized for fever and diagnosed with bacterial illnesses are older and have higher crp compared to those without bacterial illness. The ROC curve based age and crp has characteristics of a good screening test. Because children with SCD and fever will usually receive empiric antibiotics regardless and the repercussions of a missed bacterial illness are great, using crp to determine antibiotic administration is likely limited. Rather, a low crp, especially in a younger child, may be helpful to determine patients who are candidates for early discharge or those who can be managed as an outpatient. Prospective use of crp for fever in this population, including outpatients, is warranted in order to identify the best sensitivity and specificity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Single Intracerebroventricular Injection of Dexamethasone Elevates Food Intake and Plasma Insulin and Depresses Metabolic Rates in Adrenalectomized Obese (ob/ob) Mice

A single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of dexamethasone rapidly (within 30 min to 3 h) increases plasma insulin and suppresses oxygen consumption in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice with minimal effects in lean mice. Food intake of these adrenalectomized ob/ob mice was unaffected by ICV dexamethasone during these short-term studies. However, in a longer-term study with adrenalectomized gold thioglucose-lesioned obese mice, food intake increased fourfold 6-8 d after a single ICV injection of dexamethasone. We have now further examined the time course of dexamethasone actions in adrenalectomized ob/ob and lean mice in the 96-h post-injection period. A single ICV injection of dexamethasone increased food intake 32% and plasma insulin 81%, and depressed oxygen consumption 11%, in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice during the 24-h period after injection, without increasing food intake or plasma insulin in lean mice. Oxygen consumption was 14% lower in lean mice 24 and 48 h after dexamethasone injection relative to saline-injected lean mice. Food intake and oxygen consumption in ob/ob mice returned to levels in saline-injected controls at 48 and 72 h after injection, respectively. Oxygen consumption of lean mice also returned to control levels at 72 h post-injection. Plasma insulin concentrations were similar in dexamethasone- and saline-treated ob/ob and lean mice at 96 h post-injection (the only time point examined other than 24 h). A single ICV injection of dexamethasone exerts both rapid (within 30 min to 3 h) and sustained (days) metabolic actions in ob/ob mice.
Navigating both/and: Exploring the complex identity of Latino/a adoptees

According to the most recent US census, Hispanics are the largest minority group in the US at 16.7% of the total US population or approximately 51 million, an increase of 48% since 2000. Out of that number, 63% are native born. A smaller subgroup includes adoptees of Hispanic descent. Yet, due to its distinctiveness this subgroup is frequently neglected in multicultural literature. In this paper, a new framework is presented, which elaborates on the distinct and shared qualities of Latino/a adoptees with the New Latino/a diaspora. The framework is supported with case study vignettes, which provide implications for human development and, by extension, counseling and education.
The ATPase activity of avian erythromyeloblastic leukosis virus. II. Competitive inhibition by ADP.

Abstract ADP acts as a competitive inhibitor in the hydrolysis of ATP by leukosis viral enzyme. The mean value for the inhibitor-enzyme dissociation constants is 1.85 ± 0.17·10 −5 . Only one molecule of ATP or ADP can be bound to each active center. The applicability of Michaelis-Menten treatment in the study of ADP inhibition has been validated with the Strauss-Goldstein criteria. The reaction course obeys an equation derived on the assumption that the product inhibits and involving zero- and 1st-order terms.
Near-Infrared Polarimetry of the Bipolar Nebula OH 231.8 + 4.2

We obtained NIR polarization maps of the bipolar nebula OH 231.8 + 4.2. The polarization maximum reaches at least 40 % at J, 50 % at H and 60 % at K. Within the errors, P K /P H ≃ 1 along the axis of symmetry of the nebula, while P H /P J > 1 in general. This is consistent with scattering by a dust grain population dominated by small particles. As a first approximation we assumed that the geometry of the lobes can be represented by remnants of a spherical dust distribution with a density that varies with radial distance r as r-c where c is a constant. A least-squares fit to the data (log (PI/P0) vs. log (r)) gives different values of c for the lobes, c ≃ 0.8 (1.5) the northern (southern) lobe. The modelling of the NIR polarization observed in OH 231.8 + 4.2 for more realistic geometries is still in progress.
Extra-lobar Pulmonary Sequestration Requiring Intrauterine Thoracentesis

Congenital lung malformations can result in significant morbidity and mortality in children. Pulmonary sequestration is an uncommon congenital malformation of the lung that can cause complications even in fetal life. We herein present a newborn with extra-lobar sequestration (ELS) that lead to hydrops fetalis necessitating fetal intervention.
Auditory selectivity for the acoustic properties of conspecific mate-attracting signals in lower vertebrates and songbirds

The interplay between conspecific senders and receivers both maintains the usual species specificity of acoustic communication and yet offers the potential for speciation provided that signals and preferences change in a parallel or coupled way. Acoustic signals commonly function in mate attraction and contribute to reproductive success. Such signals are especially prevalent in some lower vertebrates (some fish and many kinds of frogs) and birds in which prospective mates potentially assess variation in acoustic properties among signalers in order to choose an appropriate mate. Selectivity for specific ranges of values of different acoustic properties has been demonstrated by playback experiments, and neural correlates of this selectivity have been documented at various loci in the auditory system. Behavioral studies of temperature effects in lower vertebrates and learning in songbirds provide opportunities to predict short-term changes in neural activity. Demonstrating such "second-order" correlations increases our confidence that the selectivity of neurons or circuits for conspecific acoustic signals is not merely coincidental. With regard to parallel changes in signals and receiver selectivity over evolutionary time, this review describes the role of linkage disequilibria, the potential for genetic coupling between sender and receiver mechanisms, and how changes in cell numbers and size resulting from polyploidy may have facilitated multiple independent occurrences of
Treatment utilization and surgical outcome of ampullary and duodenal adenocarcinoma.

Background Ampullary (AMP-A) and duodenal adenocarcinomas (DA) are rare tumors. The literature regarding treatment and outcome is very limited. The objective of this project is to compare the outcomes of AMP-A and DA. Methods The records for AMP-A and DA patients between July 1995 and July 2012 at Emory University were reviewed for demographics, pathology, treatment, and survival. Survival rates were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to estimate the adjusted effect of AMP-A versus DA on overall survival (OS). Results Ninety-five AMP-A and 66 DA patients were identified. No significant difference between patients with DA and AMP-A was observed for age, gender, or grade. DA presented with larger tumors and higher stages. Treatment included surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant therapy or chemotherapy alone. No OS difference was observed when controlled for stage. AMP-A was sub-classified into intestinal (IAMP), pancreaticobiliary (PBAMP), and unspecified types. IAMP tended to present at a higher grade (P = 0.045) than PBAMP. No OS difference between the IAMP and PBAMP was observed. Conclusions After accounting for stage, OS was not significantly different for AMP-A and DA patients. There was no OS difference comparing PBAMP with IAMP. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:556–560. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changing patterns of migration and regional economic growth in the U.S.: a demographic perspective.

During the 1970s and early 1980s the South and West census regions accounted for over 90% of incremental national population which was easily the highest percentage accounted for by these regions in the nations history. This paper stresses the importance of powerful demographic forces that contributed to the regional shift but it does not ignore important economic factors. A major theme of the paper is that because the baby boom has now largely matured out of the most mobile age classes population and employment growth differentials that strongly favored the South and West will moderate in the future. (authors)
Experimental evidence favoring local melting within heavy-ion generated displacement cascades in copper

The effects of heavy-ion irradiation of copper at 30 and 300 K and the effect of successive irradiations on the fate of individual defects can be understood within the framework of the local melting model that stemmed from molecular dynamic computer simulations
The Secondary Bifurcation of an Aeroelastic Airfoil Motion: Effect of High Harmonics

The nonlinear dynamical response of a two-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic airfoil motion with cubic restoring forces is investigated. A secondary bifurcation after the primary Hopf (flutter) bifurcation is detected for a cubic hard spring in the pitch degree-of-freedom. Furthermore, there is a hysteresis in the secondary bifurcation: starting from different initial conditions the motion may jump from one limit cycle to another at different fluid flow velocities. A high-order harmonic balance method is employed to investigate the possible bifurcation branches. Furthermore, a numerical time simulation procedure is used to confirm the stable and unstable bifurcation branches.
Normal and mutant human β-globin pre-mRNAs are faithfully and efficiently spliced in vitro

Human beta-globin mRNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) synthesized in vitro from a bacteriophage SP6 promoter/beta-globin gene fusion are accurately and efficiently spliced when added to a HeLa cell nuclear extract. Under optimal conditions, the first intervening sequence (IVS 1) is removed by splicing in up to 90% of the input pre-mRNA. Splicing requires ATP and in its absence the pre-mRNA is neither spliced nor cleaved at splice junctions. Splicing does not require that the pre-mRNA contain a correct 5' or 3' end, a 3' poly A tail, or a 5'-terminal cap structure. However, capping of the pre-mRNA significantly affects the specificity of in vitro processing. In the absence of a cap approximately 30%-40% of the pre-mRNA is accurately spliced, and a number of aberrantly cleaved RNAs are also detected. In contrast, capped pre-mRNAs are spliced more efficiently and produce fewer aberrant RNA species. The specificity of splice-site selection in vitro was tested by analyzing pre-mRNAs that contain beta-thalassemia splicing mutations in IVS 1. Remarkably, these mutations cause the same abnormal splicing events in vitro and in vivo. The ability to synthesize mutant pre-mRNAs and study their splicing in a faithful in vitro system provides a powerful approach to determine the mechanisms of RNA splice-site selection.