cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remission of maternal depression and child symptoms among single mothers: A STAR*D-Child report

Offspring of depressed parents are at increased risk for depressive and other disorders. We recently found that when depressed mothers reached full remission over 3 months of treatment, a significant improvement in the children’s disorders occurred. Since only a third of the mothers remitted, factors related to maternal remission rates, and thereby child outcomes, were important. This report examined the relationship of the presence of a father in the household to maternal depression remission and child outcomes. Maternal depression was measured using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17); social functioning was assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR). Children (age 7–17) were assessed independently, blind to maternal outcome, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL) and the Child Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). Single mothers (n = 50), as compared to those in two-parent households (n = 61), were more likely to discontinue treatment (31% vs. 16%, P = 0.04), and less likely to remit if they remained in treatment (20% vs. 43%, P = 0.013). These differences remained significant after adjusting for socioeconomic status and potential confounders, but were partially explained by the mother’s pre-treatment social functioning. The reduction in child diagnoses following maternal remission was greater in two-parent than in single-parent households, although a formal test of interaction between the odds ratios was not significant. Single depressed mothers are more likely to drop out of treatment, and less likely to reach remission if they stay in treatment. This high-risk group requires vigorous treatment approaches.
Directly coupled supercritical fluid extraction—gas chromatographic analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from environmental solids

Abstract A method has been developed for the direct coupling of supercritical fluid extractions with gas chromatography (SFE—GC) that yields good chromatographic peak shapes and quantitative recovery of analytes from environmental solids with a total extraction and analysis time of less than one hour. Maximum sensitivity is achieved and analyte degradation or loss is minimized since the extracted species are quantitatively transferred into a fused-silica capillary gas chromatographic column for cryogenic focusing followed by normal GC analysis using flame ionization, electron-capture, or mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Coupled SFE—GC—MS determinations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from National Bureau of Standards urban dust (SRM 1649) gave excellent agreement with certified values.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION OF ASPERGILLUS ENDOTOXINS.

Crude preparations of the endotoxins extracted from the mycelia ofAspergillus fumigatus andAspergillus flavus, after preliminary concentration by ammonium sulfate, have been fractionated by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Although the biological activity of the chromatographed preparations was not limited to a single fraction, examination of the most active fractions by starch gel electrophoresis showed no bands common to the two nephrotoxins.
The metabolism of Rumex virus tumors; respiration of tissue slices.

Abstract The QO2 of slices of Rumex virus tumors varies from 1.3 to 3.1; the R.Q. from 0.92 to 1.0. Pyruvate is utilized both in air and under nitrogen at about the same rate. Pyruvate stimulates CO2 evolution under N2, but fails to stimulate O2 uptake in air. Both alcohol and lactic acid are produced anaerobically. This production is increased by the addition of pyruvate but is not increased by the addition of glucose.
Langmuir adsorption isotherm for Sulfolobus acidocaldarius on coal particles

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius attachment to coal particles was observed in 20% coal slurry at 72°C and pH 2.0. The rate and extent of attachment were determined and the data fit the Langmuir adsorption model. The results compared qualitatively with selected adsorption data from other investigators forThiobacillus ferrooxidans.
Transiently aligned molecular gases for efficient nonlinear frequency conversion

We demonstrate that nonlinear gratings formed by a spatially modulated alignment pulse enable quasi phase-matched frequency conversion in aligned molecular gases. This process is simulated for third harmonic generation in a gas of linear molecules.
Quantitative Study of Athleta Petrosa Stock in Eocene of Texas: ABSTRACT

Based on qualitative study of the gastropod genus Athleta in the Eocene of Texas, two species are recognized--Athleta tuomeyi Conrad, 1853, in the Wilcox Group, and A. petrosa (Conrad, 1833) in the Claiborne and Jackson Groups. A. petrosa is divided into four successional subspecies and three divergent subspecies. A statistical study was made of about 1,500 specimens from 49 localities to provide quantitative confirmation of some of the qualitative conclusions. Five parameters were measured: height, maximum width, height of spire, number of columellar folds, and number of spines on the body whorl. A program was prepared for the Control Data Corporation 1604 Computer for the calculation of 20 combinations (sums and ratios) of the parameters of each individual and for the calculation of mean and standard deviation of each parameter and combination by localities. More than half of the combinations appear to be significant. A distinct separation of A. tuomeyi is shown in several significant computations. Mixtures of successional and divergent subspecies of A. petrosa are apparent. Within the successional subspecies, there is a rapid change in measured and significant computed values from the Reklaw subspecies to the Weches subspecies, very little change from the Weches subspecies to the Cook Mountain subspecies, and a rapid change from the Cook Mountain subspecies to the Jackson subspecies. Geographic variation generally is insignificant. End_of_Article - Last_Page 276------------
Capgras syndrome and its relationship to neurodegenerative disease

Background Capgras syndrome is characterized by a delusional belief that a person has been replaced by an imposter. It has been described in psychiatric and neurological (neurodegenerative and nonneurodegenerative) diseases. Objectives To determine whether the clinical and demographic features of subjects with Capgras syndrome differ when the syndrome is associated with neurodegenerative compared with nonneurodegenerative diseases, and whether features differ across different neurodegenerative diseases. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Patients Forty-seven subjects with Capgras syndrome. Results Thirty-eight of the subjects with Capgras syndrome (81%) had a neurodegenerative disease, most commonly Lewy body disease. Capgras syndrome occurred at a younger age of onset in those with a nonneurodegenerative disease (51 vs 72 years) (P Conclusions Capgras syndrome is more commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases, especially Lewy body disease, where visual hallucinations always coexist. In the absence of a neurodegenerative disease, the onset of Capgras syndrome occurs at a significantly younger age and can be associated with psychiatric disease, cerebrovascular events, and illicit drug use.
Health Services Research In A Market-Oriented Health Care System

A fundamental premise of market-based changes in health care delivery is that consumers will choose from among the options available in accord with their expectations concerning cost, outcomes, and quality. These choices assume that accurate information is available about health care services and that providers and plans are accountable for the services they deliver. Health services research can provide information about what works, when, and at what cost, to guide decisions about clinical services and the organization and financing of health care.
In vitro Transcription of Kinetoplast and Nuclear DNA in Kinetoplastida

SYNOPSIS. DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been solubilized from homogenates of Crithidia fasciculata using gentle extraction procedures. RNA polymerase I and II are separated on DEAE cellulose at 0.07M (NH4)2SO4 and 0.13M (NH4)2SO4 respectively. RNA polymerase II is inhibited 80% by α-amanitin (25 μg/ml). Both RNA polymerases require DNA as a template, ribonucleoside triphosphates and Mn2+. The synthesis of RNA as a product is inhibited by DNase. RNase, pronase and actinomycin D. Purified kinetoplast and nuclear DNA can serve as templates for the RNA polymerases. Denatured DNA templates are preferred. The synthesis of RNA continues for at least an hour and is inhibited by trypanocidal drugs including suramin. antrycide, acriflavine, ethidium bromide and berenil. Complementary RNA synthesized in vitro from C. fasciculata kinetoplast DNA hybridizes with C. fasciculata kinetoplast DNA but not with C. fasciculata nuclear DNA or Blastocrithidia culicis kinetoplast DNA, Escherichia coli, T4 or calf thymus DNAs. The complementary RNA synthesized in vitro from C.fasciculata kinetoplast DNA sediments at 4–5S.
Compensatory mechanisms of transtibial amputees during circular turning

A B S T R A C T Turning plays a prominent role in daily living activities and requires the modulation of the ground reaction forces to accelerate the body’s center-of-mass along the path of the turn. With the ankle plantarflexors being prominent contributors to the propulsive ground reaction forces, it is not clear how transtibial amputees perform turning tasks without these important muscles. The purpose of this study was to identify the compensatory mechanisms used by transtibial amputees during a simple turning task by analyzing the radial and anterior–posterior ground reaction impulses and sagittal, transverse and coronal joint work of the residual and intact legs. These quantities were analyzed with the residual leg on both the inside and outside of the turn and compared to non-amputees. The analysis showed that amputees and non-amputees use different joint strategies to turn. Amputees rely primarily on sagittal plane hip joint work to turn while non-amputees rely primarily on ankle work in the sagittal plane and hip joint work in the coronal plane. Differences in strategies are most likely due to the minimal power output provided by the passive prosthetic feet used by amputees and perhaps a desire to minimize the risk of falling. Understanding these differences in turning strategies will aid in developing effective rehabilitation therapies and prosthetic devices that improve amputee mobility.
Tolerance of T‐independent xeno‐antibody responses in the hamster‐to‐rat xenotransplantation model is species‐restricted but not tissue‐specific

Control of early acute xenograft rejection xenoreactions in the hamster-to-Lewis rat xenotransplantation model with cyclosporine (CsA) and leflunomide subdues early T-independent xenoreactivity and uncovers a late immune response that can be controlled by CsA alone. We had attributed this acquired responsiveness to CsA to the induction of tolerance of T-independent xeno-antibody responses in the recipient and recently reported that this tolerance is species-specific. Here we have further characterized the specificity and nature of this tolerant state. Lewis rats transplanted with either hearts, skin, kidney or spleen/pancreas from Golden Syrian hamsters were treated with leflunomide (5 mg/kg/day by gavage) for 14-21 days and CsA (20 mg/kg/day by gavage) continuously from the day of transplant. Some Lewis rats received a second graft of hearts or skin from Golden Syrian hamsters (day 21-30 after first transplant), and a third heart graft from Balb/c mice (day 60 after the first transplant). Serum was harvested and the titers of xenoreactive antibodies were quantified by flow cytometry. All grafts were harvested at the end of each experiment and examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods. The combination of CsA and leflunomide was able to completely inhibit the rejection of kidney, spleen and pancreas xenografts in this hamster-to-rat xenotransplantation model. In addition, only a transient treatment with leflunomide was necessary, and long-term graft survival could subsequently be maintained by CsA alone. Histological examination of these grafts at > 80 days post-transplantation indicated minimal signs of rejection. These immediately vascularized organs induced T-independent B-cell tolerance, so that second grafts of hamster hearts and skin could be maintained with CsA alone. Under the same immunosuppressive regimen, only four out of nine Lewis rats exhibited long-term hamster skin survival, probably reflecting the increased immunogenicity of the skin compared with other vascularized grafts. Nonetheless, all rats that did not reject the hamster skin graft also did not reject the hamster heart while on CsA alone. Finally, we demonstrate that the tolerant state could be maintained for up to 30 days in the absence of xenograft. The vigorous T-independent antibody response that mediates acute xenograft rejection in the hamster-to-rat model can be tolerized by the immunosuppressive regimen of CsA and leflunomide. The lack of organ specificity for the induction of this tolerance suggests that the xenoantigens inducing tolerance may be common endothelial cell antigens. Finally, the presence of the xenograft has been previously shown to be critical for the induction of T-independent B-cell tolerance, however, the tolerant state is relatively stable and persists after the removal of the xenograft.
Self-Care of Adults With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Influence of Family and Friends

This study examined the relationships among the source of support, universal self-care, and health-deviation self-care behaviors in adults who control their blood glucose with oral agents. A descriptive correlational design was used. Respondents completed a total of 51 items on questionnaires. Significant differences were found between the group with family-plus-friend support and the group without support in relation to universal self-care and health-deviation self-care. A significant difference was also found between the group with family-plus-diabetes-group support and the group without support in relation to health-deviation self-care. Subjects who received support from friends in addition to family support reported higher universal and health-deviation self-care behaviors than those without support. Support systems explained 23% of variance in universal self-care and 17% of variance in health-deviation self-care.
Efficacy of 4 Years of Octreotide Long-Acting Release Therapy in Patients With Severe Polycystic Liver Disease.

Objective To observe the effect on total liver volume (TLV) on and off therapy in selected symptomatic patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (PLD) who received octreotide long-acting release (OctLAR) for up to 4 years.
The Measurement of Behavioral Complexity

A number of measurement techniques designed to assess cognitive and behavioral complexity are considered. While early measures limit their focus to interpersonal differentiation, later measures consider differentiation, integration, and, in one case, various other aspects of information processing structure. Objective paper-and-pencil measures, subjective response assessment, and simulation technology are briefly described.
Mechanistic Investigation of Toxaphene Induced Mouse Liver Tumors

Chronic exposure to toxaphene resulted in an increase in liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice. This study was performed to investigate the mode of action of toxaphene induced mouse liver tumors. Following an initial 14 day dietary dose range-finding study in male mice, a mechanistic study (0, 3, 32, and 320 ppm toxaphene in diet for 7, 14, and 28 days of treatment) was performed to examine the potential mechanisms of toxaphene induced mouse liver tumors. Toxaphene induced a significant increase in expression of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) target genes (Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11) at 32 and 320 ppm toxaphene. aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target genes (Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2) were slightly increased in expression at the highest toxaphene dose (320 ppm). No increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity or related genes was seen following toxaphene treatment. Lipid peroxidation was seen following treatment with 320 ppm toxaphene. These changes correlated with increases in hepatic DNA synthesis. To confirm the role of CAR in this mode of action, CAR knockout mice (CAR(-/-)) treated with toxaphene confirmed that the induction of CAR responsive genes seen in wild-type mice was abolished following treatment with toxaphene for 14 days. These findings, taken together with previously reported studies, support the mode of action of toxaphene induced mouse liver tumors is through a nongenotoxic mechanism involving primarily a CAR-mediated processes that results in an increase in cell proliferation in the liver, promotes the clonal expansion of preneoplastic lesions leading to adenoma formation.
Pneumonia--1987: new developments.

New information on the etiology, prevention and management of lower respiratory infections has become available over the past three to four years. This editorial will try to put into perspective developments in the following four areas: 1) the increased resistance of pneumococci to penicillin; 2) results of recent pneumococcal vaccine studies; 3) TWAR strains ofChylamydia psittaci as causative agents in atypical pneumonia; and 4) respiratory infections, particularly tuberculosis, in patients with AIDS.
Overlooked Opportunity: Tradable Business Services, Developing Asia, and Growth

Th is paper argues that developing Asia is overlooking an opportunity for increased growth and development through trade in business services. Developing Asia would benefi t from liberalizing services trade as it has benefi ted from liberalizing goods trade. Th is argument rests on these key fi ndings: business services are important for growth, developing Asia is relatively under-endowed with business services, many business services are tradable, and developing Asia has relatively high barriers to services trade.
The Development and Assessment of Cognitive Readiness: Lessons Learned from K-12 Education

This chapter shares examples and considers what lessons can be learned from the K-12 education sector’s experience in defining and assessing readiness. Using readiness definitions and assessment strategies at three key transition points, including readiness for kindergarten, college, and challenging work, the chapter identifies commonly required capacities, such as relevant content knowledge; cognitive strategies such as problem solving and analytic reasoning; social competence, including teamwork and leadership; communication; motivation and persistence; and metacognition. The consequences of a mismatch between the capacities needs for readiness and measures of readiness also are considered. Finally, the core elements of training and assessment systems to support readiness are discussed.
Medical Student Volunteerism Addresses Patients' Social Needs: A Novel Approach to Patient-Centered Care.

Background: Healthcare providers must be equipped to recognize and address patients9 psychosocial needs to improve overall health outcomes. To give future healthcare providers the tools and training necessary to identify and address psychosocial issues, Lankenau Medical Center in partnership with the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine designed the Medical Student Advocate (MSA) program. Methods: The MSA program places volunteer second-year osteopathic medical students in care coordination teams at Lankenau Medical Associates, a primary care practice serving a diverse patient population in the Philadelphia, PA, region. As active members of the team, MSAs are referred high-risk patients who have resource needs such as food, employment, child care, and transportation. MSAs work collaboratively with patients and the multidisciplinary team to address patients9 nonmedical needs. Results: From August 2013 to August 2015, 31 osteopathic medical students volunteered for the MSA program and served 369 patients with 720 identified needs. Faculty and participating medical students report that the MSA program provided an enhanced understanding of the holistic nature of patient care and a comprehensive view of patient needs. Conclusion: The MSA program provides students with a unique educational opportunity that encompasses early exposure to patient interaction, social determinants of health, population health, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Students develop skills to help them build patient relationships, understand the psychosocial factors shaping health outcomes, and engage with other healthcare professionals. This work in the preclinical years provides students with the knowledge to help them perform more effectively in the changing healthcare environment.
Ultrastructure of cerebellar hemangioblastoma - Some new observations on the stromal cells

Five cases of hemangioblastoma were studied by electron microscopy with particular attention to the stromal cells and their surrounding structures. Most of the stromal cells of the tumor had abundant clear cytoplasm containing rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, scattered fibrils, and large lipid inclusions. They were usually aggregated without intervening cells. In the perivascular areas, their sufaces facing the perivascular collagen were surrounded by basal lamina. Their apposed cell membranes had occasional adhesive devices. Occasional, long, apparently cylindrical processes of the stromal cell cytoplasm were observed in some cases. These processes contained intermediate filaments of undetermined nature and microtubules. In the border zone between the tumor and the surrounding brain, the stromal cells were occasionally surrounded by narrow sheets of dark cell processes containing fibrils and glycogen granules, consistent with astrocytic processes. Altered neuronal elements were also observed inthis area.
Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke in Young: A Gender Preponderance? (P01.003)

Objective: To determine whether demographic and risk factors differ between Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and non-MS associated young Ischemic Stroke (IS) patients. Background Ischemic stroke (IS) in young adults ( Design/Methods: Retrospective chart reviews were performed on 202 patients aged 15-45 admitted to University of Louisville Hospital between January 2008 and March 2011. Data collected included demographic information, presence/absence of risk factors for IS and etiology of IS. The presence of the MS was determined by the International Diabetes Federation9s (IDF) definition and the IS patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of MS. Results: Based on IDF definition, 77 patients (38%) met the criteria for the MS among all IS subjects which is higher than the national incidence of MS in young adults (20% of young males and 15% of young females). Mean age was similar in both groups. It was noted that MS associated IS patients were more likely to be females (65.5% females in MS group versus 47.2% in non-MS group, p Conclusions: MS appears to be an important risk factor of IS in young with a female predominance. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism in IS patients with MS. Disclosure: Dr. Vaishnav has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Remmel has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim as a speaker. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abou-Chebl has received personal compensation for activities with BMS/Sanofi9s Speaker9s Bureau. Dr. Truong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vaishnav has nothing to disclose.
Global stability of trajectories of inertial particles within domains of instability

Abstract Finite sized particles exhibit complex dynamics that differ from that of the underlying fluid flow. These dynamics such as chaotic motion, size dependent clustering and separation can have important consequences in many natural and engineered settings. Though fluid streamlines are global attractors for the inertial particles, regions of local instability can exist where the inertial particle can move away from the fluid streamlines. Identifying and manipulating the location of the so called stable and unstable regions in the fluid flow can find important applications in microfluidics. Research in the last two decades has identified analytical criteria that can partition the fluid domain into locally stable and unstable regions. In this paper, we identify two new mechanisms by which neutrally buoyant inertial particles could exhibit globally stable dynamics in the regions of the fluid flow that are thought to be locally unstable and demonstrate this with examples. The examples we use are restricted to the simpler case of time independent fluid flows.
Prostatic Melanosis with Involvement of Benign and Malignant Epithelium

AbstractWe report an unusual case of prostatic melanosis. Grossly, the majority of prostatic chips contained areas of black discoloration. Microscopically, pigment was identified within the prostatic stroma, in benign prostatic ducts and within the cells of a well differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma. The pigment was identified as melanin by histochemical methods and electron microscopy. The histogenesis of prostatic melanosis is discussed and it is proposed that the melanin pigment is derived from (aberrant) stromal melanocytes.
Holter monitor recordings in a man who snores.

Electrocardiographic rhythm strips were recorded over a 24-hour period in a 49-year-old man who snored but had no prior cardiac history and no rhythm disturbances while awake. A modified lead II strip recorded at 4:06 am showed marked sinus arrhythmia and second-degree AV block (Figure 1a). The AV block increased when the sinus rate slowed, suggesting increased vagal tone affecting both the sinus and the AV nodes. The fourth QRS was slightly wider than the others and may have been junctional escape complex; its T wave was considerably wider than the others and probably contained a sinus P wave. A modified lead II strip recorded 3 minutes later showed normal sinus rhythm throughout (Figure 1b). Modified V1 rhythm strips recorded at 11:52 pm showed marked slowing of the sinus rate accompanied by sudden high-grade AV block with ventricular asystole of 5.46 seconds that was terminated by a ventricular escape complex (with a sinus P wave in its ST segment). Afterwards, there was a slight increase in the sinus rate accompanied by marked first-degree AV block. Again, sudden, transient high-grade AV block accompanying slowing of the sinus rate suggested increased vagal tone (Figure 1c). Figure 1. Electrocardiograms over a 24-hour period. Modified lead II strips showing (a) marked sinus arrhythmia and second-degree AV block at 4:06 am and (b) normal sinus rhythm at 4:09 am. (c) Continuous modified V1 rhythm strips recorded at 11:52 pm showing marked ... In addition to its association with bradyarrhythmias, obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with ventricular ectopy, including nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter (1–3). Obstructive sleep apnea is also associated with sudden cardiac death (4). The arrhythmias occur predominantly or, as in this patient, exclusively during sleep. Relief of the upper airway obstruction has reduced the frequency and severity of rhythm disturbances (1). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces the arrhythmia recurrence rate following pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and increases atrial fibrillation-free survival off antiarrhythmic drugs or repeat ablation. Pulmonary vein isolation appears to offer limited value to patients with obstructive sleep apnea not treated with CPAP (5).
Abstract 4033: Adenosine regulates radiation therapy-induced antitumor immunity

Radiation-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a key mechanism whereby local radiation therapy (RT) can elicit anti-tumor immune responses and synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors in enhancing tumor responses. ATP, which is an essential signal of ICD, activates tumor-resident dendritic cells (DCs) promoting their ability to cross-present tumor-derived antigens to T cells. Interestingly, while release of ATP by RT is dose-dependent (Golden et al., OncoImmunology 2014), a large RT dose of 20 Gy was not effective in inducing anti-tumor T cells and synergize with anti-CTLA-4 (Dewan et al., Clin Cancer Res 2009). Extracellular ATP is rapidly catabolized to adenosine (ADO) by ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are expressed on tumor cells and immune cells. ADO has immunosuppressive effects, inhibiting DC- and effector T cell-activation, while promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that conversion of ATP to ADO hinders generation of effective anti-tumor immunity by high dose RT. Mice were inoculated s.c. with TSA breast cancer cells or MCA38 colon cancer cells on day 0 and assigned to treatment with: (1) control mAb; (2) anti-CD73 (TY/23); (3) RT (4) RT+TY/23. TY/23 (200 μg) was administered i.p. on day 11, 14, 17 and 20. RT was given locally as single 20 Gy dose on day 12. On day 18, some tumors were harvested for flow cytometry analysis of DC and T cells. Mice were monitored for tumor progression. HPLC was used to measure ADO levels in supernatants from 24 h co-cultures of bone marrow-derived DCs and irradiated TSA cells.In vitro, antibody blockade of CD73, the rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of ADO, reduced the levels of ADO in the supernatant and restored the activation of DCs cultured with irradiated TSA cells. In irradiated tumors, anti-CD73 reduced the percentage of Tregs within the tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cell population (7.9±2.5% in RT+TY/23 vs 20±0.8% in RT, p Our data show that adenosinergic signaling regulates the ability of RT to induce anti-tumor immunity, affecting activation of both DCs and effector T cells. ADO blockade may represent a promising strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of irradiated tumors by improving the ability of RT to induce in situ tumor vaccination. Citation Format: Erik Wennerberg, Aranzazu Mediero, Tuere Wilder, Silvia Formenti, Bruce Cronstein, Sandra Demaria. Adenosine regulates radiation therapy-induced antitumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4033.
Highly fluorescent carbon polymer dots prepared at room temperature, and their application as a fluorescent probe for determination and intracellular imaging of ferric ion

Carbon polymer dots (CPDs) were prepared by a one-pot aqueous synthetic route from ascorbic acid and diethylenetriamine at room-temperature. The CPDs under 350-nm excitation exhibit blue fluorescence peaking at 430 nm with a quantum yield of 47%. Other features include an average diameter of 5 nm, a fluorescence that is independent of the excitation wavelength, good water dispersibility and photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. The CPDs are shown to be viable fluorescent probes for ferric ion which acts as a strong quencher. The response to Fe(III) is linear in the 0.2 to 10 μM concentration range, and the detection limit is 0.1 μM. The probe was applied to the determination of Fe(III) in environmental waters and to intracellular imaging of ferric ions in HeLa cells.
The risk of stroke among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients: lessons from recent trials on extended-duration thromboprophylaxis.

ABSTRACTData from recent randomized controlled trials indicate that the incidence of stroke among acutely ill medical patients is unexpectedly high and approximates 1% at 90 days. Preliminary data suggest that betrixaban may reduce ischemic stroke in patients without atrial fibrillation. There is an unmet demand for stroke risk stratification schemes targeting hospitalized medical patients. The prognostic value of biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides and D-dimer in predicting short-term stroke remains uncertain. Future research should focus on identifying the high-risk subsets in which the benefit of anticoagulation significantly outweighs the associated hemorrhagic risk.Clinical trials: NCT00457002, NCT00571649, NCT01583218
Staying ahead of the game: adaptive robust optimization for dynamic allocation of threat screening resources

We consider the problem of dynamically allocating screening resources of different efficacies (e.g., magnetic or X-ray imaging) at checkpoints (e.g., at airports or ports) to successfully avert an attack by one of the screenees. Previously, the Threat Screening Game model was introduced to address this problem under the assumption that screenee arrival times are perfectly known. In reality, arrival times are uncertain, which severely impedes the implementability and performance of this approach. We thus propose a novel framework for dynamic allocation of threat screening resources that explicitly accounts for uncertainty in the screenee arrival times. We model the problem as a multistage robust optimization problem and propose a tractable solution approach using compact linear decision rules combined with robust reformulation and constraint randomization. We perform extensive numerical experiments which showcase that our approach outperforms (a) exact solution methods in terms of tractability, while incurring only a very minor loss in optimality, and (b) methods that ignore uncertainty in terms of both feasibility and optimality.
Ceramography of irradiated TRISO fuel from the AGR-2 experiment

Abstract Ceramography was performed on cross sections from four tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel compacts selected from the AGR-2 experiment, which was irradiated between June 2010 and October 2013 in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The individual fuel specimens examined in this study contained coated particles with either uranium oxide (UO 2 ) kernels or uranium oxide/uranium carbide (UCO) kernels that were irradiated to final burnup values between 9.0 and 11.5% FIMA. These examinations were intended to explore kernel and coating morphology evolution during irradiation. This included observations of kernel porosity, kernel swelling, and irradiation-induced TRISO coating layer fracture and separation. Variations in behavior within a specific cross section, which could be related to temperature or burnup gradients within the fuel compact, were also explored. Results were compared with similar investigations performed as part of the earlier AGR-1 irradiation experiment. The criteria for categorizing AGR-1 particle post-irradiation morphologies during ceramographic exams were applied to the AGR-2 compact particles examined. This paper presents the results of the AGR-2 examinations and discusses the key implications for fuel irradiation performance.
Characterizing surf zone injuries from the five most populated beaches on the Atlantic-fronting Delaware coast

Abstract Introduction Beaches are a popular destination for recreation activities. Surf zone injuries (SZI) can occur resulting from a variety of in-water activities. Little is known regarding the sustained injury types, or demographics of injured persons and activities leading to injuries. Methods This study examines the distribution of SZI types, activities and populations occurring on Delaware Beaches as recorded by a local level III trauma center (Department of Emergency Medicine at Beebe Healthcare in Lewes, Delaware). Results There were 2021 injuries over the eight study years (2010–2017). The relative demographics of the injured population are similar despite fluctuating injury totals (mean [SD], 253.1 [104.4]). Non-locals (n = 1757) were 6.7 times more likely to be injured as their local (n = 264) counterparts (RR, 2.62; 95% CI, 2.08–3.31). Males (n = 1258) were 1.7 times more likely to be injured than their female (n = 763) counterparts (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21–1.37). Serious injuries, defined as patients requiring admission to a trauma service, represented 9.1% (n = 184) of injuries. Fatal SZI (n = 6) were categorized as serious injuries. Wading (50.1%) was found to be the dominant activity associated with injury followed by body surfing (18.4%), and body boarding (13.3%). Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate long-term trends in SZI data, injury activity, and demographics. Better understanding of the characteristics of injuries will allow for improved awareness techniques, targeted at populations with higher injury rates.
Epidemiological Dimensions of Social Anhedonia

Social anhedonia (SA)—reduced drive for and pleasure from social interaction—is associated with social/emotional dysfunction and risk for psychopathology. However, our understanding of the factors ...
Occupational Therapy Practitioners' Perspectives on Occupation-Based Interventions for Clients With Hip Fracture.

Objective Occupational engagement is the foundation of occupational therapy. We identified perspectives of 18 occupational therapy practitioners on integrating occupation-based interventions during postacute care (PAC) rehabilitation for persons with hip fracture to identify occupational therapy's distinct contribution. Method We conducted six focus groups derived from a purposive national sample of occupational therapy practitioners (N = 18). A secondary analysis was conducted to analyze the transcripts for major subthemes around occupation-based interventions. Results Three major themes arose from practitioners' perspectives regarding the role of occupation in rehabilitation: (1) conducting an occupational profile, (2) integrating occupation-based intervention in the facility, and (3) identifying goals for occupational engagement after discharge. Challenges and strategies for integrating occupation-based interventions were also identified. Conclusion Identifying practitioners' perspectives on integrating occupation into rehabilitation may inform strategies to facilitate occupation-based interventions in PAC and define occupational therapy's role in this setting.
Abstract 51: Strict Blood Pressure Control with Intravenous Nicardipine is Associated with Lower Risk of Acute Re-bleeding after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Re-bleeding from ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a major cause of death and disability. Although the risk has been significantly decreased with the practice of early aneurysm treatmen...
Structural Analysis of the Complexation of Uranyl, Neptunyl, Plutonyl, and Americyl with Cyclic Imide Dioximes

Knowledge-based design of extracting agents for selective binding of actinides is essential in stock-pile stewardship, environmental remediation, separations, and nuclear fuel disposal. Robust computational protocols are critical for in depth understanding of structural properties and to further advance the design of selective ligands. In particular, rapid radiochemical separations require predictive capabilities for binding in the gas phase. This study focuses on gas-phase binding preferences of cyclic imide dioximes to uranyl, neptunyl, plutonyl, and americyl. Structural properties, electron withdrawing effects, and their effects on binding preferences are studied with natural bond-order population analysis. The aromatic amidoximes are found to have a larger electron-donation effect than the aliphatic amidoximes. It is also found that plutonyl is more electron withdrawing than uranyl, neptunyl, and americyl when bound to the cyclic imide dioximes studied.
Comparison of NIR Versus SWIR Fluorescence Image Device Performance Using Working Standards Calibrated With SI Units

Recently, fluorescence imaging using shortwave infrared light (SWIR, 1,000-2,000 nm) has been proposed as having advantage over conventional near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging due to the reduced tissue scattering, negligible autofluorescence, comparable tissue absorption, and the discovery that indocyanine green (ICG), used clinically as a NIRF contrast agent, also has fluorescence emission in SWIR regime. Images of ICG in small animals acquired by commercial Si-based and InGaAs-based imaging cameras have been qualitatively compared, however the lack of working standards to quantify performance of these imaging systems limits quantitative comparison. Without quantification using a traceable in vitro test, clinical adoption of rapidly evolving advances in both NIRF and SWIR imaging devices will become limited. In this work, we developed an ICG based fluorescent solid working standard calibrated with SI units (mW ${^\centerdot }$ cm $^{-{2}} {^\centerdot }$ sr −1) for quantification of measurement sensitivity of Si, GaAs-intensified Si, and InGaAs based camera systems, their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast in non-clinical tests. In addition, we present small animal and large animal imaging with ICG for qualitative comparison of the same SWIR fluorescence and NIRF imaging systems. Results suggest that SWIR fluorescence imaging of ICG may have superior resolution in small animal imaging compared to NIRF imaging, but lack of measurement sensitivity, SNR, contrast, as well as water absorption limits deep penetration in large animals.
Book Review: The Harvard Psychedelic Club by Don Lattin

There is great interest in the history of substance use from various angles — clinical, legal, sociohistorical, regulatory, psychotherapeutic, anthropologic, and spiritual. In addition to tracking substance use in America generally (Tracy & Acker, 2004), there is an enduring fascination with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) research and the characters making up the sixties drug culture in North America (Stevens, 1987; Dyck, 2008). It would be a great mistake to conclude that American or worldwide “drug culture” arose de novo on the heels of the cocktail-swilling fifties and was carried forward by flower children and rock and roll. Yet, mid-century cultural dynamics were a moral watershed. In that vein, The Harvard Psychedelic Club provides more than a snapshot of a time of rapid change in America. It puts faces, careers, and personalities in a uniquely crafted context.
An analysis of attitudes towards management during culture shifts

Abstract Based on the principles of the Social Exchange Theory, the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to investigate the underlying dimensions of employees’ attitudes towards management factors during a time of organizational change with a focus on culture shift, and (2) to evaluate the relationships of these dimensions with job satisfaction and job recommendation. The data were gathered from 1807 employees of a world-wide hospitality company with 744 hotels. The online survey instrument was utilized. Analyses included factor and multiple regression. Study findings enabled the development of an “attitude towards management” scale during culture shifts. The findings of the research introduce and conceptualize the culture shift term within the hospitality industry context. Results also validate the efficacy of the Social Exchange Theory in predicting and explaining the attitudes of employees during the organizational change process. Additionally, findings suggest key strategies for hotel businesses to successfully manage an organizational change.
Surgical management versus combination radiotherapy in Gleason score 9-10 prostate cancer.

135Background: For men with Gleason score 9-10 prostate cancer, studies have demonstrated conflicting results on the outcomes from combination radiation therapy (ComboRT) with external beam radiati...
Masculinizing genital gender-affirming surgery: metoidioplasty and urethral lengthening

Metoidioplasty denotes the creation of a neophallus out of the hormonally hypertrophied clitoris. Construction of an esthetically acceptable male-like genitalia while enabling micturition in standing position are the primary goals. Herein, we aim to review the literature regarding masculinizing gender-affirming genital surgery in the form of metoidioplasty, focusing on the steps related to urethral lengthening and reconstruction, and describe the authors' preferred surgical technique. Clitoral release, division of the urethral plate, native urethral lengthening with anterior vaginal wall flap, and neourethral tubularization using a combination of buccal mucosa graft and labia minora flap(s) seem to provide the best result in terms of urinary outcomes. This is reflected in a greater urethral length, higher probability of standing micturition, and lower incidence of fistula. Urethral complications, which can be encountered in up to 15% of the patients, may necessitate additional procedures. Some of the studies have reported successful penetrative intercourse following metoidioplasty. Case series about different metoidioplasty techniques do not allow head-to-head comparison due to non-standardized reporting and outcome assessment. Metoidioplasty can be offered to transgender men with sufficiently hypertrophied clitoris who wish to avoid a complicated, multistage, flap-based total phalloplasty, or for those individuals considering phalloplasty at a later date.
Cost-effectiveness of first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma in the immunotherapy era.

e19392Background: The treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has transformed in the past two years. Both Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab and Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib are approved ...
Fish reproductive biology - reflecting on five decades of fundamental and translational research.

Driven by the broad diversity of species and physiologies and by reproduction-related bottlenecks in aquaculture, the field of fish reproductive biology has rapidly grown over the last five decades. This review provides my perspective on the field during this period, integrating fundamental and applied developments and milestones. Our basic understanding of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis led to overcoming the failure of farmed fish to ovulate and spawn in captivity, allowing us to close the fish life cycle and establish a predictable, year-round production of eggs. Dissecting the molecular and hormonal mechanisms associated with sex determination and differentiation drove technologies for producing better performing mono-sex and reproductively-sterile fish. The growing contingent of passionate fish biologists, together with the availability of innovative platforms such as transgenesis and gene editing, as well as new models such as the zebrafish and medaka, have generated many discoveries, also leading to new insights of reproductive biology in higher vertebrates including humans. Consequently, fish have now been widely accepted as vertebrate reproductive models. Perhaps the best testament of the progress in our discipline is demonstrated at the International Symposia on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ISRPF), at which our scientific family has convened every four years since the grandfather of the field, the late Ronald Billard, organized the inaugural 1977 meeting in Paimpont, France. As the one person who has been fortunate enough to attend all of these meetings since their inception, I have witnessed first-hand the astounding evolution of our field as we capitalized on the molecular and biotechnological revolutions in the life sciences, which enabled us to provide a higher resolution of fish reproductive and endocrine processes, answer more questions, and dive into deeper comprehension. Undoubtedly, the next (five) decades will be similarly exciting as we continue to integrate physiology with genomics, basic and translational research, and the small fish models with the aquacultured species.