cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personality and treatment effectiveness in anorexia nervosa

Compared pre- and posttreatment MMPI profiles of 12 female inpatients with anorexia nervosa using a scale-by-scale analysis of variance. Significant changes in clinical scales and a validity scale confirmed observed behavioral change after treatment. In addition, pretreatment profiles obtained at a different hospital were remarkably similar, which suggests a common constellation of personality characteristics in anorexia nervosa.
Irreversibility in Advertising-Demand Response Functions: An Application to Milk

A generalized methodology for estimating irreversible functions is developed. This approach, which accommodates short-term irreversibility and long-term reversibility, is an improvement over previous irreversibility studies that imposed both short- and long-term irreversibility. Using the proposed methodology, irreversibility in the demand response to fluid milk advertising in New York City is evaluated. Irreversibility is found to exist, and, in particular, consumers are found to react more rapidly to increases in advertising compared to decreases. This result may have important implications for optimal temporal advertising strategies.
A positivity-based constraint on the phase variance of bispectral coefficients

Abstract The phase of an incoherent image's bispectrum is shown to be constrained as a function of the associated transfer function magnitudes. This constraint is a necessary condition for the image data to be non negative. It is shown that when the constraint's lower bound exceeds a certain value, the magnitude and phase signal-to-noise ratios of the bispectral coefficient become significant. This suggests a method for finding coefficients with favorable object information using the magnitude values of the instantaneous transfer function.
Thyroxine induced tail resorption in vitro as affected by anterior pituitary hormones.

It has been previously shown that discs prepared from the tail fins of tadpoles, (R. pipiens), survive in vitro for several weeks and respond to thyroxine by undergoing resorption. Discs cut from animals during metamorphic climax, demonstrate rapid resorption without addition of exogenous thyroxine. Discs were cut from tadpoles in early prometamorphosis and in climax and were implanted with either whole pituitary glands or the separate lobes. Controls were either implanted with cerebrum or sham-operated. These discs were maintained in solutions of thyroxine in Hanks medium, (3 ppb or 6 ppb), or in control, Hanks medium. In addition, discs from animals in early prometamorphosis were injected with either prolactin, GH, or control medium and discs from animals at climax were immersed in solutions of prolactin, GH, FSH and control medium. The results of these experiments demonstrates that the anterior pituitary, of the tadpole releases a factor that interferes with the action of thyroxine on tail discs in vitro. Prolactin and GH demonstrate similar activity but are less effective than the graft pituitaries. The results are interpreted to indicate that antagonism exists with respect to tail resorption between a pituitary growth factor, (possibly a prolactin-like, or GH-like molecule) and thyroid hormone.
Cadmium potentiation of drug response: Lack of change in brain sensitivity☆

Abstract Cadmium administration potentiated the duration of hexobarbital sleep time in the male rat but did not influence the onset time for anesthesia. The threshold dose levels of hexobarbital required for sleep induction determined by extrapolation from the dose-response sleep curves were found to be identical for cadmiumtreated and control animals. Cadmium treatment did not alter the dose of iv infused hexobarbital necessary to suppress the EEG activity. Pharmacological response was then correlated with tissue drug concentrations. Brain and plasma hexobarbital concentrations at the time of awakening were similar in cadmium- and saline-treated rats. Cadmium-treated animals exhibited significantly higher brain and plasma hexobarbital concentrations when sacrificed prior to recovery at a time corresponding to the mean sleep time of the control animals. The delay in disappearance of hexobarbital from the brain and plasma of cadmium-treated rats suggests that impairment of drug disposition rather than an alteration in the sensitivity of the central nervous system is a major factor in the prolongation of the sleep time.
Does insulin affect carbohydrate metabolism in Fasciola hepatica

1. 1. The effects of insulin on glucose uptake and glycogen utilization by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica have beed re-examined using highly purified insulin at concentrations ranging from 2·0 I.U. to 0·01 I.U. per ml. 2. 2. Insulin had no effect on glucose uptake or glycogen utilization in 4 hr incubations nor any effect onthe uptake of C14-U-glucose during 1 min incubations.
An FT-IR microscopic investigation of the effects of tissue preservation on bone.

Fourier transform infrared microscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of mineral and protein in histologic sections of bone. This study was concerned with determining whether techniques used to preserve these tissties and to prepare them for sectioning had an effect on spectral properties. The υ1, υ3 phosphate bands in the 900–1200 cm-1 spectral region were used to evaluate the structure of the apatitic mineral in fresh-frozen, ethanol-fixed, and formalin-fixed 35-day-old rat femurs; fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed 20-day-old fetal rat femurs; ground 35-day-old rat diaphyseal bone samples; and formalin-fixed, methacrylate-embedded ground diaphyseal bone. The crystallinity (crystal size and perfection) of the bone apatite was assessed by a curve-fitting analysis of the υ1, υ3 phosphate bands. Results indicate that ethanol or formalin fixation of the 35-day-old intact rat femur, and formalin fixation and embedding of the ground rat bone do not significantly alter the crystallinity of the apatite. However, formalin fixation of the fetal rat bone did alter the structure of the apatite mineral phase. In addition, evaluation of protein secondary structure in the 35-day-old rat femur from the Amide I and Amide II vibrations near 1650 and 1550 cm-1, respectively, revealed that protein conformation was altered by ethanol fixation.
Tides on the West Florida Shelf

The principal semidiurnal (M2 and S2) and diurnal (K1 and O1) tidal constituents are described on the west Florida continental shelf (WFS) using a combination of in situ measurements and a three-dimensional, primitive equation numerical model. The measurements are of sea level and currents along the coastline and across the shelf, respectively. The model extends from west of the Mississippi River to the Florida Keys with an open boundary arcing between. It is along this open boundary that the regional model is forced by a global tide model. Standard barotropic tidal analyses are performed for both the data and the model, and quantifiable metrics are provided for comparison. Based on these comparisons, the authors present coamplitude and cophase charts for sea level and velocity hodographs for currents. The semidiurnal constituents show marked spatial variability, whereas the diurnal constituents are spatially more uniform. Apalachicola Bay is a demarcation point for the semidiurnal tides that are well developed to the southeast along the WFS but are minimal to the west. The largest semidiurnal tides are in the Florida Big Bend and Florida Bay regions with a relative minimum in between just to the south of Tampa Bay. These spatial distributions may be explained on the basis of local geometry. A Lagrangian Stokes drift, coherently directed toward the northwest, is identified but is of relatively small magnitude when compared with the potential for particle transport by seasonal and synoptic-scale forcing. Bottom stressinduced tidal mixing is examined and estimates are made of the bottom logarithmic layer height by the M2 tidal currents.
Paying for What? How Much? And Why (Not)? Predictors of Paying Intent for Multiplatform Newspapers

Propelled by the recent economic recession that caused substantial declines in advertising revenue, some major newspapers have renewed their efforts to find alternative revenue models. This renewed interest in paid content strategy triggered another round of debates on the viability of the “paywall.” To address the recurring industry debate, this study, based on a national survey of 767 U.S. online adults, systematically evaluated users' paying intent for different newspaper formats, the amount they are willing to pay, as well as users' responses to various payment models being considered by the industry. Results showed the print edition outperforms other formats (Web & “apps”) in terms of usage, preference, and paying intent; and is perceived as the most valuable platform. Paying intent for the online formats (Web & apps) was weak, and so was people's response to each of the 6 payment models under study. Therefore, how users are charged does not make much difference—whether they are charged does. The analysis also identified the predictors of paying intent for newspaper formats and different payment models. Although multiplatform news delivery has become a reality, paying intent for digital news content remains elusive. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Toxic effects of cadmium on ciliary activity using a tracheal ring model system.

Abstract Experiments were performed to measure the effect of trace metals on ciliary activity using isolated hamster tracheal rings in an in vitro organ culture system. Dose—time response studies for various Cd concentrations and for lengths of exposure were conducted. Statistically significant reductions in ciliary activity occurred at concentrations as low as 0.006 m m of Cd. Validation of these in vitro results occurred when hamsters were exposed in vivo to a CdCl 2 aerosol of 2 μm particles at concentrations of 50 to 1420 μg/m 3 . The length of time required for complete recovery was also studied following various exposure regimens. Since the effectiveness of the mucociliary escalator depends on normal functioning of the ciliated epithelium, it follows from the data presented that inhalation of this metal can inhibit the normal mucociliary function vital for clearance of agents from the respiratory tract.
Modeling simple locomotors in Stokes flow

Motivated by the locomotion of flagellated micro-organisms and by recent experiments of chemically driven nanomachines, we study the dynamics of bodies of simple geometric shape that are propelled by specified tangential surface stresses. We develop a mathematical description of the body dynamics based on a mixed-type boundary integral formulation. We also derive analytic axisymmetric solutions for the case of a single locomoting sphere and ellipsoid based on spherical and ellipsoidal harmonics, and compare our numerical results to these. The hydrodynamic interactions between two spherical and ellipsoidal swimmers in an infinite fluid are then simulated using second-order accurate spatial and temporal discretizations. We find that the near-field interactions result in complex and interesting changes in the locomotors' orientations and trajectories. Stable as well as unstable pairwise swimming motions are observed, similar to the recent findings of Pooley et al. [C.M. Pooley, G.P. Alexander, J.M. Yeomans, Hydrodynamic interaction between two swimmers at low Reynolds number, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 228103].
Atomic size effect on critical cooling rate and glass formation

Atomic size effect on critical cooling rate and glass formability in a model binary system is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. To isolate atomic size effect from the rest of the factors that critically influence the glass formation, a hard sphere model is employed in conjunction with a newly developed densification method. The glass formability is defined as a set of optimal conditions that result in the slowest cooling rate of the glass-forming liquid. Critical cooling rates are identified from extensive molecular dynamics simulations. A kinetic glass-forming diagram is mapped out that marks the boundary between the glass-forming regions and competing crystalline phases in terms of the parameters of the atomic size ratio and alloy concentration. It is found that the potency of the atomic size difference on glass formation is influenced greatly by the competing metastable and equilibrium crystalline phases in the system, and the kinetic processes leading to the formation of these phases. The mechanisms of the atomic size effect on topological instability of crystal packing and glass formation are discussed.
Steady-state isotopic transient-kinetic analysis of iron-catalyzed ammonia synthesis

Steady-state isotopic transient-kinetic analysis of ammonia synthesis catalysis has been conducted over a commercial Fe catalyst (Haldor Topsoe KMIR) permitting, for the first time, direct determinations of coverages in reactive intermediates of the working catalyst surface and assessments of the reaction mechanism and surface heterogeneity at steady-state reaction conditions. The reaction was studied in the temperature range 623–773 K, at a total pressure of 204 or 513 kPa, and for a H2/N2 ratio of 3. Dinitrogen chemisorption in the absence of H2 was also measured at 773 K by the transient kinetic technique. The results suggest that ∗N is the most abundant reactive intermediate. It may be inferred, as expected, that a kinetically significant reaction step exists on the reaction path followed by nitrogen. Hydrogen appears to enhance this step which seems to involve dinitrogen dissociation. The working surface was observed to be heterogeneous with respect to the synthesis reaction. The steady-state isotopic transient curves, at 204 kPa and temperatures of 623 and 673 K, indicate one main pool of nitrogen-containing surface intermediates. At 723 and 773 K, a second less reactive pool of intermediates developed due, perhaps, to the activation of previously dormant or saturated sites or to possible contributions from bulk-phase nitrogen species. Both pools of N-intermediates were kinetically nonuniform. This investigation provides significant new insight into ammonia synthesis catalysis.
What is a ventricle? The single-ventricle trap.

Whether a chamber is or is not a ventricle is determined by its myocardial morphological characteristics, not by the entering atrioventricular (AV) valves. The anatomic characteristics of the morphologically right ventricle and the morphologically left ventricle have been well described, are widely understood, and do not need to be changed. What a ventricle is should not be redefined in terms of the AV connections because such redefinition is based on the classic definition of single ventricle, which itself is not satisfactory. This old definition is wrong in principle, violates the morphological method of diagnosis and designation of the cardiac chambers, and has two kinds of exceptions. Consequently the classic definition of single ventricle must not be used as a paradigm (model) for the redefinition of what a ventricle is or is not. The approach and terminology based on the use of the unsatisfactory single-ventricle paradigm should be discontinued, eg, “primitive ventricle,” “main chamber,” “accessory chamber,” “trabecular pouch.” Being unnecessary, these nonmorphological components of the terminology of congenital heart disease may be omitted. Morphological anatomy, unadorned, is the key to clarity, simplicity, and accuracy.
Widening Health Inequalities Among U.S. Military Retirees Since 1974

I explore trends in mortality among U.S. military retirees using a new dataset of payroll records that include pay grade. Trends in mortality by pay grade reveal that health inequalities steadily widened between 1974 and 2004. Additive differentials in mortality rates remained stable, but since mortality declined exponentially, by a factor of about one third, proportional differentials in mortality and thus additive differentials in life expectancy have widened. The advantage in life expectancy enjoyed by retired officers grew roughly from 3 to 4 years. The sources of these trends remain unclear and are beyond the ability of the data to inform, but the results bear implications for trends in inequality and for policy.
A new species of carex sect. bracteosae

Carex socialis, a new species in sect.Bracteosae, is described from southern Illinois and Missouri. It is remarkable in its possession of long creeping rhizomes, as well as in its extremely slender perigynia.
Ordering instability of weakly interacting electrons in a dirty metal

In a dirty metal, electron-electron interactions in the spin-triplet channel lead to singular corrections to a variety of physical quantities. We show that these singularities herald the emergence of ferromagnetism. We calculate the effective action for the magnetic moment of weakly interacting electrons in a dirty metal and show that a state with finite ferromagnetic moment minimizes this effective action. The saddle-point approximation is exact in an appropriate large-N limit. We discuss the physics of the ferromagnetic state with particular regard to thermal fluctuations and localization effects.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced fetal thymic atrophy in C57BL/6 mice: inhibited thymocyte differentiation and increased apoptotic cell death

Treatment of pregnant C57Bl/6 mice with 48 mu g/kg diethylstilbestrol (DES) on gestation days (GDs) 14 and 16 resulted in both decreased day 18 fetal thymic cellularity as well as alterations in thymocyte phenotype. Histopathologic examination of GD 18 fetal thymi from DES-exposed dams demonstrated a decrease in thymic size and cellularity and an increase in pyknotic nuclei, indicative of apoptosis, relative to control thymi. Thymic architecture was also altered by DES treatment with a decrease in the distinction between the cortical and medullary regions. Flow cytometric staining of day 18 thymocyte suspensions with the apoptotic marker 7-aminoactinomycin D showed a decrease in thymocyte viability after DES, and a concomitant increase of thymocytes in early apoptosis. When thymocytes were co-identified by CD4 and CD8 cell surface antigen expression, trends toward increased apoptosis were present in the CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8- subpopulations, and significantly increased apoptosis occurred in the CD4-CD8- and CD4-CD8+ subpopulations. These histopathologic and flow cytometric findings support enhanced apoptosis of thymocytes as a contributing factor to fetal thymic atrophy caused by DES.
On Fredholm integral equations, Toeplitz equations and Kalman-Bucy filtering

In this paper we consider some new algorithms for computing the Kalman-Bucy gain in stationary systems requiring a number of equations of ordern (rather thann 2 ) whenever the ordern of the system is much larger than the dimension of the output. These equations were independently obtained by Kailath and Lindquist in continuous and discrete time respectively. We briefly discuss the relations with some recent related results due to Casti, Kalaba & Murthy and Rissanen. Some of the reasons for these reductions are inherent in the properties of general stationary processes, and therefore a considerable portion of the paper is devoted to exploring the connections with some previous work by Levinson, Whittle and Wiggins & Robinson, and also with the Szego theory of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle and some continuous analogs due to Krein. We demonstrate that the Bellman-Krein formula is the fundamental relation in continuous time, the trick being to introduce a “reversed time” counterpart of the weighting function (Fredholm resolvent). This is suggested by the “forward and backward innovation” approach in a previous paper by the author, the essential relations of which we reformulate in terms of Fredholm integral equations (in continuous time) and Toeplitz equations (in discrete time). Therefore we also derive the discrete-time Bellman-Krein formulas of which there are actually two—one corresponding to the one-step predictor and one to the pure filter. In this way we shall be able to pin down the reasons for the striking discrepancies between the continuous-time and the discrete-time cases. Finally we clarify the relations between Levinson's equations and Chandrasekhar'sX- andY-functions.
Identification of a coronary stem cell in the human heart

Human ischemic cardiomyopathy is characterized by de novo cardiomyogenesis, which is limited to the surviving portion of the ventricle, and by organ hypertrophy that develops as a chronic response to ischemic injury. Although myocyte hypertrophy and myocyte regeneration restore the original myocardial mass, the coronary vasculature remains defective and the extent and regulation of myocardial perfusion are severely impaired. Recently, vascular stem cells (VSCs) have been identified in the coronary circulation. VSCs express c-kit and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, KDR. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent in vitro and in vivo. In animal models of critical coronary artery stenosis, VSCs form large conductive coronary arteries and their distal branches. This degree of vasculogenesis replaces partly the function of the occluded coronary artery improving myocardial perfusion and positively interfering with the development of the post-infarction myopathy. Cell therapy directed to the restoration of the integrity of the coronary circulation, the replacement of atherosclerotic coronary vessels, or both, would change dramatically the goal of cell therapy for the ischemic heart: the prevention of myocardial injury would become the end-point of cell therapy rather than the partial recovery of established damage.
International HRD: What we know and don't know

International considerations are increasingly important variables in business practices today. How is the field of human resource development (HRD) keeping pace with the knowledge needed to manage and develop human resources in an international context? What have we learned since Hansen and Brooks's 1994 review of the literature in this area? This article analyzes the status of the international HRD knowledge and research base. It sets out definitions of HRD and international HRD; presents a theoretical frame, which describes the theory used to analyze the review and its findings; examines findings from HRD-specific and -related cross-cultural and organizational research to identify the status of what is known; and identifies areas for further research.
An improved algorithm for minimum-area retiming

The concept of improving the timing behavior of a circuit by relocatingflip-flops is called retiming and was first presented by Leisersonand Saxe. The ASTRA algorithm proposed an alternativeview of retiming using the equivalence between retiming and clockskew optimization. This work defines the relationship betweenthe Leiserson-Saxe and the ASTRA approaches and utilizes it tosolve the problem of retiming for minimum area. The new algorithm,Minaret, uses the linear programming formulation of theLeiserson-Saxe approach. The underlying philosophy of the ASTRAapproach is incorporated to reduce the number of variablesand constraints in the linear program. This reduction in the sizeof the linear program makes Minaret space and time efficient, enablingminimum area retiming of circuits with over 56,000 gates inunder 15 minutes.
Extended range field emission spectroscopy

We have measured the energy distribution of field emitted electrons by first accelerating them to about 20 keV and then directly energy analyzing these high energy electrons with a high-performance magnetic prism spectrometer. Our preliminary results indicate that it may be possible to extend the energy range of field emission spectroscopy to more than 5 eV below the Fermi level.
Rare presentation of intracranial vascular blowout after tumor resection and radiation therapy

A middle-aged patient presented with a rapidly growing right dural-based extra-axial posterior clinoid mass extending to the right cavernous sinus that was surgically resected. Histological examination showed solid growth of primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the third nerve. Following surgical resection, the patient was further managed by radiation and chemotherapy. Two years later the patient developed new intracranial hemorrhage in the area adjacent to the previous surgical cavity. A cerebral angiogram showed contrast extravasation at the junction of the posterior communicating artery (Pcom) and the right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), with an expanding pseudoaneurysm. This was managed with N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization. Autopsy showed microscopic recurrence of tumor into the PCA/PCom region with invasion of the wall of the Pcom. This case report illustrates the concept of vascular blowout in intracranial cerebral vasculature. It appears that, in the presence of risk factors that contribute to weakening of vessel walls (surgery, radiation, tumor recurrence), a blowout can occur intracranially.
Diabetes prevention: Can insulin secretagogues do the job?

The recent Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial reported that nateglinide, a non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue, failed to prevent progression from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes. In order to determine the beneficial effect of insulin secretagogues as a class in diabetes prevention, we performed a literature search for randomized controlled studies and review articles on diabetes prevention and use of sulfonylureas, nateglinide, and meglitinide in PubMed and Ovid Medline since 1950. Three studies were identified with none of them reporting success in preventing diabetes, indicating that insulin secretagogues should not be recommended for diabetes prevention.
What are the barriers to medical care for patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus

Summary Context: Few data are available describing factors that prevent patients with newly diagnosed diabetes from seeking medical care. Objective To identify socioeconomic factors that act as barriers to healthcare among such patients. Setting A community-wide diabetes screening programme. Participants One hundred and eighteen patients with newly identified diabetes mellitus out of 1824 total screenings. Interventions Each newly identified person with diabetes was instructed to contact a physician for follow-up care. Design A follow-up survey was obtained from 89 (75%) subjects 9 ± 7 months after diagnosis. Main outcome measure: Whether or not subjects had obtained follow-up care for their diabetes. Results Of seven variables examined, only lack of health insurance correctly predicted those patients who failed to seek medical care for their diabetes by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Lack of health insurance coverage is the primary reason that patients with newly diagnosed diabetes fail to seek medical care.
Lateral and Orbital Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Attention

The prefrontal cortex (PFCx) can be divided into the lateral, orbital and medial PFCx, which all contribute to attentional and novelty processing and flexible behaviors. The cytoarchitecture of lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFCx) is highly organized, differentiated, distinctly layered, granular isocortex while the orbitofrontal cortex (OFCx) is structurally more heterogeneous, less differentiated, agranular limbic cortex (Barbas, 2000). The LPFCx is interconnected with parietal/occipital visual association areas, posterior parietal heteromodal areas, and inferior temporal visual association areas (Kaufer & Lewis, 1999). Other main circuitries of the LPFCx include reciprocal connections with the cingulate and the orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, the OFCx has extensive direct and indirect connections with limbic areas such as the amygdala complex, hypothalamus, and the hippocampal formation (Cavada et al., 2000), with additional interactions to the inferior temporal visual association areas and LPFCx (Kaufer & Lewis, 1999). The main connections of the LPFCx to association areas and the OFCx to limbic areas determine the primary behavioral functions of these areas, with the LPFCx well-suited for attentional and executive function and the OFCx for affective and reward-related functions.
An Ecological Network of Polysaccharide Utilization among Human Intestinal Symbionts

Summary Background The human intestine is colonized with trillions of microorganisms important to health and disease. There has been an intensive effort to catalog the species and genetic content of this microbial ecosystem. However, little is known of the ecological interactions between these microbes, a prerequisite to understanding the dynamics and stability of this host-associated microbial community. Here we perform a systematic investigation of public goods-based syntrophic interactions among the abundant human gut bacteria, the Bacteroidales. Results We find evidence for a rich interaction network based on the breakdown and use of polysaccharides. Species that utilize a particular polysaccharide (producers) liberate polysaccharide breakdown products (PBPs) that are consumed by other species unable to grow on the polysaccharide alone (recipients). Cross-species gene addition experiments demonstrate that recipients can grow on a polysaccharide if the producer-derived glycoside hydrolase, responsible for PBP generation, is provided. These producer-derived glycoside hydrolases are public goods transported extracellularly in outer membrane vesicles allowing for the creation of PBP and concomitant recipient growth spatially distant from the producer. Recipients can exploit these ecological interactions and conditionally outgrow producers. Finally, we show that these public goods-based interactions occur among Bacteroidales species coresident within a natural human intestinal community. Conclusions This study examines public goods-based syntrophic interactions between bacterial members of the human gut microbial ecosystem. This polysaccharide-based network likely represents foundational relationships creating organized ecological units within the intestinal microbiota, knowledge of which can be applied to impact human health.
Channel Morphology Prediction with and without a Temporary Channel Upstream of the Elephant Butte Reservoir

A two-dimensional mobile-bed numerical model, SRH-2D v3, is used to evaluate a 10-year channel morphology of an 18-mile river reach upstream of the Elephant Butte Reservoir on the Rio Grande. Two scenarios are considered. One assumes that no temporary channel was excavated following the lowering of the reservoir pool; another assumes that a temporary channel was excavated instantly before the modeling period begins. The model simulation is carried out using the actual flow hydrograph from October, 2000 to June, 2010. The study aims to (a) determine the most likely channel morphology in 2010 had the temporary channel not been excavated and (b) help understand the impact of the temporary channel on the river morphology within the study reach. It is found that (a) no competent channel, similar to the excavated temporary channel, would form, had the temporary channel not been excavated; (b) the new predicted channel morphology is mostly in the form of a multi-channel type in 2010; and (c) the study points to the need for continued maintenance of the temporary channel at selected locations.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus licheniformis in avian plumage

Bacillus licheniformis, a soil bacterium capable of degrading the b-keratin in feathers, is present in the plumage of some wild-caught birds, but the published carriage rate is quite low. Microbial degradation could be a selective agent leading to the evolution of molt and plumage pigmentation, but we hypothesized that for B. licheniformis to have played an important role in avian evolution, it is likely to occur more widely in bird populations than previously reported. We sampled the plumage of 461 wild-caught birds of eight species. We designed a selective and differential culture method to isolate bacteria with the potential to degrade feathers. Putative feather-degrading bacteria were isolated from 21-59% of the individuals of each of the species tested, for an average carriage rate of 39%. 16S rRNA (rrnA) sequencing of 98 of these bacterial isolates indicated that 69% were Bacillus lichenformis, suggesting that the prevalence of this feather-degrading bacterium is 4 3 higher than previously reported. We also hypothesized that interspecific variation in avian plumage, behavior, and habitat may have led to the evolution of host-specific B. licheniformis strains. Fingerprinting of B. licheniformis isolated from Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) and Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) using REP-PCR demonstrated that for nine owls, one individual carried four different strains and eight individuals carried only one strain. Of 20 catbirds, there was a single strain found on nine birds, but four carried two different strains each. SINOPSIS. Prevalencia y diversidad genetica de Bacillus licheniformis en el plumaje de aves
Measuring a long-range dark matter force at the Large Hadron Collider.

A long-range ``dark force'' has recently been proposed to mediate the dark matter (DM) annihilation. If DM particles are copiously produced at the Large Hadron Collider, the light dark force mediator will also be produced through radiation. We demonstrate how and how precise we can utilize this fact to measure the coupling constant of the dark force. The light mediator's mass is measured for the ``lepton jet'' to which it decays. In addition, the mass of the DM particle is determined using the ${m}_{T2}$ technique. Knowing these quantities is critical for calculating the DM relic density.
Chemistry of Nitrogen-Silane Plasmas

The N2-SiH4 rf glow-discharge plasma has been analyzed by line-of-sight mass spectrometry of species impinging on the deposition electrode, including N atoms. Properties of SixNyHz films deposited from this plasma have been examined. At high rf power and low SiH4/N2, almost all of the SiH4 is consumed by reaction with N atoms at the film surface and becomes incorporated into the film. No Si-N precursor species are seen in the gas phase. This is in contrast to the NH3-SiH4 plasma, where the Si(NH2)3 radical is the key precursor. If power is insufficient or SiH4 flow is excessive, Si2Hm species are generated in the plasma. Under optimized conditions, films slightly N-rich with no Si-H bonding and only 7% H (as N-H) can be deposited at high rate. The film tensile stress of the NH3 process is absent in the N2 process due to the lesser amount of condensation that takes place during deposition. However, trench coverage is much better in the NH3 process.
Spectrum for UAS control and Non-Payload Communications

Control and Non-Payload Communications (CNPC) is a critical enabler for UAS integration into the NAS. Protected spectrum for UAS CNPC is a necessity. Line-of-Sight (terrestrially provided) and Beyond-Line-of-Sight (provided by satcom) are both required. ITU-R gives the spectrum requirements: 34 MHz for the terrestrial-based LOS CNPC; 56 MHz for the satellite based BLOS CNPC links; LOS CNPC Spectrum has been allocated during WRC-12; C-Band (5030-5091 MHz) and L-Band (960-977MHz) are allocated. BLOS CNPC Satellite Spectrum is still needed; C-Band allocation unusable in the near term at least; WRC-15 Agenda Item 1. 5 considers the use of FSS systems for CNPC. Sharing studies are underway. Planning the use of the 5030-5091 MHz band has started, must be done carefully.
Influence of social dominance rank on diet quality of pronghorn females

The relationship between social dominance rank and diet quality was examined in pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) females at the National Bison Range in Montana. Rank was ascertained by observation of agonistic interactions between study animals. Diet quality of the same individuals was quantified by measuring the concentration of the chemical indicator of forage quality, 2, 6 diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) present in feces. A significant, quadratic relationship was found in which high-ranked and low-ranked females showed high levels of DAPA, and middle-ranked females showed low levels of DAPA. This finding indicated that high and low-ranked females acquired better quality diets than middle- ranked females. I discuss possible explanations for this interesting result which, to my knowledge, has not been anticipated in the literature. Key words: DAPA, diet quality, dominance rank, pronghorn. [Behav Ecol 12:177–181 (2001)]
A Web-based medical image archive system

This paper presents a Web-based medical image archive system in three-tier, client-server architecture for the storage and retrieval of medical image data, as well as patient information and clinical data. The Web-based medical image archive system was designed to meet the need of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke for a central image repository to address questions of stroke pathophysiology and imaging biomarkers in stroke clinical trials by analyzing images obtained from a large number of clinical trials conducted by government, academic and pharmaceutical industry researchers. In the database management-tier, we designed the image storage hierarchy to accommodate large binary image data files that the database software can access in parallel. In the middle-tier, a commercial Enterprise Java Bean server and secure Web server manages user access to the image database system. User-friendly Web-interfaces and applet tools are provided in the client-tier for easy access to the image archive system over the Internet. Benchmark test results show that our three-tier image archive system yields fast system response time for uploading, downloading, and querying the image database.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
PIM: A Novel Architecture for Coordinating Behavior of Distributed Systems

Process integrated mechanisms (PIM) offer a new approach to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems or devices. Current approaches to coordination all have well-recognized strengths and weaknesses. We propose a novel architecture to add to the mix, called the Process Integrated Mechanism (PIM), which enjoys the advantages of having a single controlling authority while avoiding the structural difficulties that have traditionally led to its rejection in many complex settings. In many situations, PIMs improve on previous models with regard to coordination, security, ease of software development, robustness and communication overhead. In the PIM architecture, the components are conceived as parts of a single mechanism, even when they are physically separated and operate asynchronously. The PIM models offers promise as an effective infrastructure for handling tasks that require a high degree of time-sensitive coordination between the components, as well as a clean mechanism for coordinating the high-level goals of loosely coupled systems. PIM models enable coordination without the fragility and high communication overhead of centralized control, but also without the uncertainty associated with the system-level behavior of a MAS.The PIM model provides an ease of programming with advantages over both multi-agent sys-tems and centralized architectures. It has the robustness of a multi-agent system without the significant complexity and overhead required for inter-agent communication and negotiation. In contrast to centralized approaches, it does not require managing the large amounts of data that the coordinating process needs to compute a global view. In a PIM, the process moves to the data and may perform computations on the components where the data is locally available, sharing only the information needed for coordination of the other components. While there are many remaining research issues to be addressed, we believe that PIMs offer an important and novel tech-nique for the control of distributed systems.
THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA

SUMMARY Individual flowers of the self-incompatible milkweed Asclepias tuberosa are available to pollinators for 7 or 8 days; however, there is a large overlap in flowering time (4 to 5 weeks) within and among inflorescences on a single plant and therefore the possibility of high levels of self-pollination. Pollinator activity closely follows availability of flowers, although the more rapid decline of the former may indicate switching of pollinators to other plant species flowering simultaneously. These observational data are combined with experimental crossing data to write probability functions for a simple multiplicative model incorporating both extrinsic and intrinsic factors determining fruit-set. Fruit-set predictions from the model are very close to the 033% observed in natural populations of A. tuberosa.
Why is that Hammer in My Coffee? A Multimodal Imaging Investigation of Contextually Based Tool Understanding.

Appropriate tool-object pairing is a natural part of our lives. When preparing to stir coffee, we know that a hammer is useful for some tasks but that it is not appropriate in this behavioral context. The neural correlates of this context-tool pairing process remain unclear. In the current work, we used event-related electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine neural correlates for differentiating contextually correct and incorrect tool use. Subjects were shown images depicting correct (e.g., spoon used to stir coffee) or incorrect (e.g., hammer used to stir coffee) tool use. We identified distinct regional and temporal activations for identifying incorrect versus correct tool use. The posterior cingulate, insula and superior temporal gyrus preferentially differentiated incorrect tool-object usage, while occipital, parietal and frontal areas were active in identifying correct tool use. Source localized EEG analysis confirmed the fMRI data and showed phases of activation, where incorrect tool-use activation (0 - 200 ms) preceded occipitotemporal activation for correct tool use (300 - 400 ms). This work extends our previous findings to better identify the neural substrate for contextual evaluation of tool use, and may contribute to our understanding of neurological disorders resulting in tool-use deficits.
Expression of αvβ3 integrin is less frequent in ovarian epithelial tumors of low malignant potential in contrast to ovarian carcinomas

Abstract Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMPs) histologically lack invasion and have excellent prognosis in contrast to invasive carcinomas. Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion molecules thought to play a role in cell migration and tumor progression. The α v β 3 integrin in particular mediates melanoma invasion in vitro and promotes neoplastic angiogenesis, facilitating breast cancer metastasis. In addition, α v β 3 expression has been detected in ovarian cancer cell lines and in a limited number of human ovarian cancer samples. The distribution pattern of this integrin in LMPs is not known. We examined tissue sections from 19 LMPs and 31 ovarian carcinomas for α v β 3 in addition to α 5 β 1 and α 2 β 1 integrins, which have been shown to be expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines. Variable immunoreactivities of α 5 β 1 and α 2 β 1 were detected in both LMPs and ovarian carcinomas. Most (74.2%) ovarian carcinomas were α v β 3 positive, whereas only 36.8% of LMPs were positive, which is statistically significant ( P = .009). These results establish the distribution pattern of α 2 β 1 , α 5 β 1 , and α v β 3 integrins in LMPs. The biological significance of the less frequent expression of α v β 3 in LMPs compared with carcinomas of the ovary needs further elucidation.
A Communication-Based Approach to Adoptive Identity Theoretical and Empirical Support

The current study uses structural equation modeling to examine adoptive parent communication as it relates to adoptee adjustment directly and indirectly through adoptive identity. Using retrospective accounts of 179 adult adoptees, findings indicate that both adoption- (adoption communication openness) and non-adoption-related (parental confirmation and affectionate communication) parental communication are related to adoptive identity work and positive affect about adoption and birth parents. Preoccupation mediates the relationship between parental communication and adoptee adjustment. The current study integrates research and theorizing from identity, adoption, and communication literatures to develop a communication-centered conceptual model of adoptive identity development to inform future adoption research and practice.
FPGA implementation made easy for applied digital signal processing courses

Applied digital signal processing courses offered at many universities do not normally include FPGA implementation of signal processing algorithms. This is due to the fact that students taking applied signal processing courses often are not familiar with FPGA programming languages and as a result FPGA implementation cannot be easily achieved in one-semester long applied digital signal processing courses. In this paper, we present an approach for making FPGA implementation easily achievable within one-semester long applied digital signal processing courses or within a relatively short design cycle time. Our approach is based on the LabVIEW FPGA Module which allows FPGA implementation to be achieved in a time-efficient manner via more intuitive graphical coding. An overview of our designed FPGA implementation approach covering typical laboratories that students encounter in applied digital signal processing courses is provided.
High-brightness output from a laser-diode array coupled to a phase-conjugating mirror

We obtain single-lobed, near-diffraction-limited output from a 20-element laser-diode array coupled to an apertured photorefractive phase conjugator. At low driving currents the output beam is diffraction limited and contains 75% of the total output power emanating from the array. At high driving current a 1.5× diffraction-limited lobe contains 490 mW of power, or 54% of the output power. By studying the near-field emission pattern and the frequency spectrum of the laser, we confirm that the apertured conjugator selects a narrow range of output array transverse modes.
The direct p53 target gene, FLJ11259/DRAM, is a member of a novel family of transmembrane proteins.

The tumor suppressor p53 regulates diverse biological processes primarily via activation of downstream target genes. Even though many p53 target genes have been described, the precise mechanisms of p53 biological actions are uncertain. In previous work we identified by microarray analysis a candidate p53 target gene, FLJ11259/DRAM. In this report we have identified three uncharacterized human proteins with sequence homology to FLJ11259, suggesting that FLJ11259 is a member of a novel family of proteins with six transmembrane domains. Several lines of investigation confirm FLJ11259 is a direct p53 target gene. p53 siRNA prevented cisplatin-mediated up-regulation of FLJ11259 in NT2/D1 cells. Likewise in HCT116 p53+/+ cells and MCF10A cells, FLJ11259 is induced by cisplatin treatment but to a much lesser extent in isogenic p53-suppressed cells. A functional p53 response element was identified 22.3kb upstream of the first coding exon of FLJ11259 and is shown to be active in reporter assays. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that p53 binds directly to this element in vivo and that binding is enhanced following cisplatin treatment. Confocal microscopy showed that an FLJ-GFP fusion protein localizes mainly in a punctate pattern in the cytoplasm. Overexpression studies in Cos-7, Saos2, and NT2/D1 cells suggest that FLJ11259 is associated with increased clonal survival. In summary, we have identified FLJ11259/DRAM as a p53-inducible member of a novel family of transmembrane proteins. FLJ11259/DRAM may be an important modulator of p53 responses in diverse tumor types.