cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rotational barriers and conjugation in polyphenylene oligomers

Abstract The effective conjugation length in polymers is defined by the degree of π overlap of adjacent monomer units. Rotations around the carbon-carbon single bonds that connect monomers cause misalignment of p Orbitals, resulting in decreased electrical conductivity and shifts of the polymer absorption and luminescence to higher energies. In polyphenylenes, steric interactions between ortho protons on adjacent aromatic rings forces the rings to rotate and deviate from planarity. To understand the effect of ring rotation on the electronic properties of polyphenylenes, we prepared exact length polyphenylene oligomers with 1, 2 and 6 carbon side chains. The barriers to ring rotation were calculated using molecular mechanics programs, and were measured using variable temperature NMR experiments. The measured barriers, ranging from 18–20 Kcal/mol, were dependent on the length of the side chain but independent of the phenylene chain length. The calculated barriers were slightly lower but followed the same trend. Luminescence spectra obtained for a series of oligomers with increasing chain length show that the effective conjugation length in substituted polyphenylenes is at least 4 rings and is also dependent on the length of the side chain.
Effect of age‐based and environment‐based cues on reproductive investment in Gambusia affinis

We examined the multivariate life-history trajectories of age 0 and age 1 female Gambusia affinis to determine relative effects of age-based and environment-based cues on reproductive investment. Age 0 females decreased reproductive investment prior to the onset of fall and winter months, while age 1 females increased reproductive investment as the summer progressed. The reproductive restraint and terminal investment patterns exhibited by age 0 and age 1 females, respectively, were consistent with the predictions from the cost of reproduction hypothesis. Age 0 females responded to environment-based cues, decreasing reproductive investment to increase the probability of overwinter survival and subsequent reproductive opportunities in the following summer. Age 1 females responded to age-based cues, or the proximity of death, increasing investment to current reproduction as future reproductive opportunities decreased late in life. Thus, individuals use multiple cues to determine the level of reproductive investment, and the response to each cue is dependent on the age of an individual.
Giardia lamblia: Autoradiographic analysis of nuclear replication

Abstract Giardia lamblia trophozoites, grown in axenic culture, were labeled for various periods of time with [3H]thymidine. After autoradiography, grains were counted over each of the two nuclei in each trophozoite. Analysis of the fraction of trophozoites labeled for each time period resulted in an estimate of a generation time of 15 hr. The DNA synthetic or S phase for a trophozoite in culture was calculated to be 1.8 hr. G1 and G2 periods were determined to be 8.5 and 3 hr, respectively. A comparison of the labeling density between the two nuclei indicated that replication takes place simultaneously in both nuclei for at least 70% of S period. The fraction of asymmetrically labeled trophozoites is consistent with a model in which the nuclei replicate out of phase by 15–30 min, but, due to the small diameter of the nuclei relative to the grain size, the possibility that replication takes place simultaneously in both nuclei of a trophozoite throughout S phase cannot be ruled out.
Eliminating the top causes of customer-attributable integrated circuit failures

The failure rates of electronic systems can be minimized if Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), Original Design Manufacturers (ODMs), and Contract Manufacturers (CMs) follow specific guidelines for eliminating the most common causes of customer-attributable integrated circuit (IC) failures. Most importantly, OEMs/ODMs/CMs should always buy ICs directly from Original Component Manufacturers (OCMs) or their Authorized Distributors to ensure that ICs are authentic and have full factory warranties. Appropriate electrical overstress/electrostatic discharge (EOS/ESD) protection techniques should be used at the board-level and/or system-level. For particularly high-reliability applications, IC operating voltages and currents should be maintained well below IC Absolute Maximum Ratings. Since the failure rate for many IC failure mechanisms increases exponentially with increasing temperature, electronic systems should be designed to provide adequate cooling. Finally, OCMs' instructions for proper storage, handling, and board mounting of ICs need to always be followed, with particular attention given to moisture-sensitive components.
Genetically informative designs for distinguishing developmental pathways during adolescence: Responsible and antisocial behavior

During the transition from early to middle adolescence there are numerous changes internal to the adolescent, such as the onset of puberty and changes in cognitive functioning, and external to the adolescent in terms of social reactions to the adolescent and changes in expectations. These changes may also be explained in terms of genetic and environmental influences on change and stability. This study employs the longitudinal sample from both waves of the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) project (395 families). The NEAD project includes adolescent siblings residing in never-divorced families (MZ and DZ twins and full siblings) and in stepfamilies (full, half, and unrelated siblings). The sample was assessed on two measurement occasions, 3 years apart. On average, the first measurement occasion assessed the families during early adolescence and the second measurement occasion occurred during middle adolescence. Composite measures of parent reports, adolescent self-reports and observer ratings of three constructs of adolescent adjustment (antisocial behavior, autonomy, and social responsibility) were examined in this analysis. Each construct showed a different pattern of genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change, suggesting different developmental pathways for each domain of adolescent adjustment. For example, genetic influences were important for both change and stability in antisocial behavior. Stability in social responsibility, on the other hand, was influenced by primarily genetic factors, while nonshared environmental factors were predominantly responsible for change. Finally, genetic and shared environmental influences contributed nearly equally to stability and change in autonomous functioning. These findings emphasize the importance of considering genetic as well as environmental factors when change in development is examined. Additionally, these data provide an armature for a comprehensive developmental theory for each of these domains of adolescent adjustment.
Impact of Typical Aging and Parkinson’s Disease on the Relationship Among Breath Pausing, Syntax, and Punctuation

Purpose The present study examines the impact of typical aging and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on the relationship among breath pausing, syntax, and punctuation. Method Thirty young adults, 25 typical...
Satellite Interferometry for Ocean Surveillance

A system employing satellite-borne interferometry to provide cooperative monitoring and surveillance of ocean vessels at low cost to the user is proposed in this paper. L-band signals transmitted by a vessel are received at a geostationary satellite equipped with a crossed-boom, long baseline interferometer pair. The signals received at each interferometer element are translated to an appropriate downlink frequency (e.g. C-band) and are FDMA downlinked to a shore station for processing. The shore station extracts position, vessel ID, and mission-related data from the received signals. Signals from four calibration stations of known position are continually monitored for attitude correction and compensation of thermal deflections of the booms. A high accuracy (0.5 km 1\sigma ) position update can be obtained with 90% probability for each of 3000 vessels every 6 min.
Multiscale modeling of thermoelectric generators for the optimized conversion performance

An attractive option for constructing thermoelectric generators (TEGs) is to incorporate a water-fed heat exchanger with commercially available thermoelectric modules. In this paper, two different thermoelectric models are applied to predict the energy conversion performance of the TEGs. The first model employs a derivation of the Carnot efficiency. The second model presents a rigorous interfacial energy balance by capturing Joule heating, Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects, yielding better predictions of the conversion capability. This model is then used to perform a computational examination of the TEGs embedded in 30 different configurations, which allows the identification and quantification of key design parameters including flow types, hot stream inlet temperatures (Tin_hot), pressure drops (ΔP), cross-sectional area (AC), channel length (Lch) and number of channels. The positive effects of Tin_hot and ΔP can be easily captured and parallel flows of the hot and cold streams are found to provide greater overall TEG efficiency as compared to counter flows. In general, micro-sized AC reduces temperature gradients across the channels, providing a greater ΔT across the thermoelectric material. However, enhancements of the conversion capability are eventually limited by the reduced convective heat transport due to increased flow resistance. Finally, further improvements in the power generation are achieved by reducing Lch while increasing the number of channels. The resulting reduction in flow resistance is found to facilitate increases in convective heat transfer, as well as in ΔT, and thus a great increase in conversion efficiency (η).
VLC pair tree: a paradigm for MPEG-2 watermarking

In this work we propose a new algorithm for fragile, high capacity yet file-size preserving watermarking of MPEG-2 bitstreams. Watermarking is performed entirely in the compressed domain with no need for full or even partial decompression thus providing the speed necessary for real time video applications. The algorithm is based on the idea that that not every code word in the entropy coded portion of video is used. By mapping used variable length codes to unused ones a watermark situation can be realized. However, by examining MPEG-2 streams it was realized that the unused codespace is practically nonexistent. The solution lies in expanding the codespace. This expansion is achieved by creating a paired codespace defined over individual blocks of video. Although every VLC may have been used in the video, there are numerous VLC pairs that do not occur in any block together. This situation creates the redundancy within the codespace necessary for watermarking. We show that the watermarked video is resistant to forgery attacks and remains secure to watermark detection attempts.
Combining native instant photography and photo‐elicitation

The purpose of this study was to explore a combination of two visual strategies to arrive at an emic view of what it is like to be a female re‐entry college student. Both native instant photography and photo‐elicitation were necessary to arrive at the conclusion that re‐entry women have three different types of temporal rhythms in their lives which in turn lead to role overload and guilt. Entering college after having spent many years taking care of a spouse and children creates a role conflict which must be resolved if a woman is to be a successful student. The visual strategies provided an intimate view of this role conflict. Suggestions are made for employing a similar approach to study individuals who are experiencing other types of transition or role conflict.
Four Hundred Fifty Consecutive Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypasses with No Mortality and Declining Leak Rates and Lengths of Stay in a Bariatric Training Program

Background We reviewed our obesity surgery database for 2 experienced bariatric surgeons since their last patient death in October 2003 through July 2007. Study Design Data on all patients undergoing planned laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (L-GBP) by the two attending bariatric surgeons at the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals were reviewed. The operations were performed by fellows in minimally invasive surgery, assisted by the 2 attending physicians in more than 90% of patients. Surgical technique included a handsewn imbrication of a gastrojejejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy, each performed with a linear stapler. Routine sampling of a juxtaanastamotic drain for amylase levels was substituted for routine upper gastrointestinal contrast studies during the study period. Results All patients, except those who had earlier extensive upper abdominal surgery in that time period, were offered a laparoscopic approach (5.7% were converted to open procedures). The mean (± SD) age was 42.4±11 years; body mass index was 49.5±9 kg/m 2 . Women represented 80.5% of patients. The leak rate declined from 9.7% in 2004 to 2.0% in 2006 (p Conclusions Results for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improve with experience and can be taught in an academic training program, with low morbidity and mortality. Routine postoperative upper gastrointestinal contrast studies are unnecessary and may lengthen hospital stay.
Visualizing the Breaking of Symmetry

Axon specification is a hallmark of neuron polarization. Although several models have been proposed, few studies have provided clues about polarization events in real time. Using time-lapse imaging, a recent study described visualizing symmetry-breaking events during this process.
Sarcoidosis presenting as metastatic lymphadenopathy in breast cancer.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disorder that affects the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes in most patients. Areas affected by sarcoidosis can exhibit F-fluoro2-deoxy-D-glucose avidity on positron emission tomography (PET). We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with T2N0 cancer of the right breast who was initially diagnosed as stage IV because of multiple areas of mediastinal and supraclavicular PET-positive lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of a supraclavicular lymph node showed noncaseating granulomas, consistent with sarcoidosis, leading to appropriate treatment for her stage IIA disease. The imaging characteristics of sarcoidosis and its possible implications in staging and diagnosis of malignancy, more specifically in breast cancer patients, are discussed herein.
Metformin down-regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fibroblasts from burned patients

Background Burn injury is a significant problem that affects approximately half a million people in the U.S. annually. One of the major complications emerging from burn injury is hyperglycemia, which can last for weeks following the initial trauma. Current therapeutic methods include tight euglycemic control and insulin treatment, which are associated with increases in hypoglycemia and mortality. High glucose levels decrease wound healing, while decreased glucose with insulin improves it. Alternatives to insulin therapy include biguanide drugs such as metformin. Metformin downregulates gluconeogenesis, and reduces blood glucose levels by activating GLUT4 in muscle cells. Recent work has also shown that metformin decreases keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. As the burn wounds in our patients typically yield severe hypertrophic scars, which result from a hyperproliferation of fibroblasts, we have studied the effect of metformin on wound healing, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We hypothesize that biguanides will decrease EMT, thereby promoting a less fibrogenic state called MET, in fibroblasts derived from normal skin and burn skin and scar, resulting in decreased scarring. Here we examine the effects of metformin on cellular proliferation and EMT.
How I Do It: Martius Flap for Rectovaginal Fistulas

Rectovaginal fistulas present a difficult problem that is frustrating for patients and surgeons alike. Surgical options range from collagen plugs and endorectal advancement flaps to sphincter repairs or resection with coloanal reconstruction. For recurrent or complex rectovaginal fistulas, especially in the setting of prior radiation, Crohn’s disease, or large wounds, bringing in healthy tissue into the space provides an excellent opportunity for improved results. The bulbocavernosus muscle and its surrounding vascularized tissue pedicle, first described by Martius in 1928, is an excellent option for fistula closure. Surgeons caring for these patients should be aware of this technique and have it as one method in their operative armamentarium when faced with these challenging cases.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of bcl-2 gene family expression in liver of hepatitis C and cirrhotic patients: a novel mechanism to explain the high incidence of hepatocarcinoma in cirrhotics

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an increase in expression of bcl-2 and related bcl-2 gene family members bcl-X and bax in liver biopsy samples obtained from patients with either hepatitis C infection or cirrhosis. Bcl-2, bcl-X, and bax, as well as other bcl-2–related proteins, function coordinately through homo- and heterodimerization to regulate apoptosis. Bcl-2, which is characterized as an antiapoptotic, also functions as an antioxidant. We hypothesized that a mechanism that could account for increased hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis is selection of bcl-2 expressing cells. This selection would be due to the capacity of individual cells to resist the toxic effects of inflammatory byproducts, specifically reactive oxygen species. Methods: Sections cut from archived liver biopsy samples embedded in paraffin were probed with antibody specific for bcl-2, bcl-X, or bax. Liver samples were from normal (N = 5), hepatitis C patients (N = 19), and cirrhotics (N = 10). Percent positive staining and intensity of staining were judged independently for hepatocytes, bile ducts, mononuclear cells, and Kupffer cells. Results: Bcl-2 expression was evident in bile ducts and mononuclear cells of hepatitis C patients, but was not commonly present in hepatocytes (two of 10). In the cirrhotic liver, bcl-2 expression was also detected in bile ducts and mononuclear cells, but in contrast to hepatitis patients was also expressed in hepatocytes (nine of 10). A similar pattern of expression was evident for bcl-X, but in general the level of expression was limited relative to that of bcl-2. Bax expression was infrequently present in sections from any of the three patient groups. Conclusions: The data indicate that bcl-2 expression is elevated in the liver of cirrhotics, but is not evident in the liver of hepatitis C patients. This increase in expression of bcl-2 in cirrhotic patients may correlate with development of hepatocellular carcinoma given the anti–apoptotic/oncogenic potential of bcl-2.
Molecular dynamics simulations of lattice thermal conductivity and spectral phonon mean free path of PbTe: Bulk and nanostructures

Abstract In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to predict the lattice thermal conductivity of PbTe bulk and nanowires. The thermal conductivity of PbTe bulk is first studied in the temperature range 300–800 K. Excellent agreement with experiments is found in the entire temperature range when a small vacancy concentration is taken into consideration. By studying various configurations of vacancies, it is found that the thermal conductivity in PbTe bulk is more sensitive to the concentration rather than the type and distribution of vacancies. Spectral phonon relaxation times and mean free paths in PbTe bulk are obtained using the spectral energy density (SED) approach. It is revealed that the majority of thermal conductivity in PbTe is contributed by acoustic phonon modes with mean free paths below 100 nm. The spectral results at elevated temperatures indicate molecular scale feature sizes (less than 10 nm) are needed to achieve low thermal conductivity for PbTe. Simulations on PbTe nanowires with diameters up to 12 nm show moderate reduction in thermal conductivity as compared to bulk, depending on diameter, surface conditions and temperature.
Enhanced Channeling of the Squarate Cascade through the Dianionic Oxy-Cope Option. Oxy Substitution Markedly Augments Syn Delivery of the Second Alkenyllithium

A general means for enhancing the extent to which squarate esters enter into cascade processes involving a dianionic oxy-Cope rearrangement as the key step is presented. Adoption of this sigmatropic process requires that the two alkenyllithium reagents being introduced add cis to each other, a kinetic bias which can be realized simply by the proper incorporation of ethereal oxygen substituents in the first organometallic reagent. Structural reorganization occurs via boat-like transition states such that stereoinduction manifests itself with high fidelity.
Preparing for Motherhood: Authoritative Knowledge and the Undercurrents of Shared Experience in Two Childbirth Education Courses in Cagliari, Italy

This article compares the social settings and teaching organization of two differently structured childbirth education courses in Cagliari, Italy, in order to understand how social processes and contexts work to negotiate authoritative knowledge. Although the explicit goal of both courses was to transmit biomedical knowledge, knowledge based in women's experience nonetheless dominated some course sessions. Thus, I examine the social processes and interactions that enabled women's experiential knowledge to dominate discussions and subsequently share in the authority of biomedical knowledge in some situations. Because few existing studies do so, this article also addresses a gap in our current understanding by exploring not only how experiential knowledge comes to share authority with biomedical knowledge, but also, why it is important that it does. Focusing on the efficacy of differently structured courses, this article informs the planning of future childbirth education courses in similar settings, [childbirth education, authoritative knowledge, reproduction, prenatal care, Italy]
An analysis of the haemodynamic effects of tolbutamide in conscious dogs.

SUMMARY 1. In conscious chronically instrumented dogs, tolbutamide (5–45 mg/kg) induced significant dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. 2. Cardiac output was descreased while heart rate, d(LVP)/dt, and regional myocardial performance at the left ventricle were not significantly affected. Computed total peripheral resistance was increased. 3. Pretreatment with the a-antagonist phentolamine (1–1.5 mg/kg) abolished the pressor response. Furthermore, the pressor response to norepinephrine (0.1 μg/kg) was enhanced by pretreatment with tolbutamide (45 mg/kg). 4. In an isolated tissue preparation using ring segments of canine femoral arteries, neither tolbutamide nor its major hepatic metabolites (carboxytolbutamide, p-toluenesulfonamide and p-toluenesulfonylurea) caused any smooth muscle contraction. However, pretreatment of these tissues with 10–4, 10–3, or 10–2 mol/l tolbutamide potentiated the contractile response to norepinephrine by up to 19% and to phenylephrine by up to 8%. 5. It was concluded that the pressor effect of tolbutamide arises by potentiating the a-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstrictor action of circulating endogenous catecholamines.
Calling the One-Sided Bet: A Case Study of Budget Scoring in the 1996 Farm Bill

During the 1995–96 budget reconciliation/farm bill debate, analysts at the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) developed systematic techniques for probability scoring the estimated costs to the federal budget of changing commodity loan programs. Probability scoring is used to address onesided bets. In a legislative context, a one-sided bet is a legislated change in program operation (usually a program parameter) that does not cause a change in estimated government costs when those costs are estimated against the baseline projection path, but could cause a change in government costs in one direction only if future developments differ from assumptions in the baseline. With the use of probability scoring, the CBO estimated that farm bill proposals that raised or lowered crop loan rates correspondingly raised or lowered loan program costs. These results did not occur under standard point-estimate scoring because baseline point estimates of projected prices were too far above crop loan rates to show much change in loan program costs when loan rates changed. In the final 1996 farm bill as enacted, Congress capped future loan rates for grains and cotton. This is the first time such caps have been imposed since formulas to set loan rates based on moving average prices were introduced in 1986. Congressional staff have indicated to the CBO that without the probability-scored savings as an incentive, the Congress probably would not have capped crop loan rates. Indeed, the staff indicated that without probability-scored costs as a disincentive, the Congress might well have raised crop loan rates.
Effect of a Meal on Human Whole Blood Serotonin

Levels of whole blood serotonin and tryptophan were measured in 11 human subjects after the consumption of a meal. Blood samples were obtained at 30 and 15 min before the meal and at 15, 30, and 60 min postcibal. One-hour urine specimens were collected for 5 subjects at 0, 60, and 120 min. Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured using specific high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. A precibal mean (±SEM) serotonin level of 136±8 ng/ml (n = 22) was observed; means at 15, 30, and 60 min after the meal were 138±20 ng/ml (n = 9), 145±18 ng/ml (n = 11), and 138±16 ng/ml (n = 11), respectively. At no time were postcibal levels of whole blood serotonin significantly higher than baseline levels (paired t-test). Urinary excretion of 5hydroxyindoleacetic acid also was unchanged; mean hourly rates were 230±23 μg/h before the meal, and 196±17 μg/h and 190±33 μg/h (n = 5) during the first and second hour postcibal, respectively. The absence of a postcibal increase of serotonin in circulating whole blood indicates that serotonin is probably not a human gastrointestinal hormone in the usual sense.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution by cobalt difluoroboryl-diglyoximate complexes.

In the presence of moderately strong acids in CH3CN, cobalt complexes with BF2-bridged diglyoxime ligands are active catalysts for the reduction of protons to H2 at potentials as positive as −0.28 V vs. SCE.
Political theater and student organizations in the 1989 Chinese movement: A multivariate analysis of Tiananmen

Social movement research has often been divided between organizational and cultural analyses of collective action. Organizationally oriented theorists have viewed indigenous organizational structure as the critical variable in the emergence of collective action. Political culture and cultural frame theorists have focused instead on the cultural frames that resonate with audiences, mobilizing them to action. But social movements cannot be the result of one or the other of these factors. An analysis of the 1989 Chinese movement illuminates the multivariate aspects of this social movement. This movement was a two-tiered movement with an organized student leadership tier and a mass audience. Enmeshed in university organizations and student networks, the student leaders relied on an organizational structure that had been emerging since the mid-1980s. This organized leadership tier employed cultural symbols and acts to mobilize mass audiences that were beyond the scope of the students' organizational linkages. The “political theater” of the organized student leaders was complemented by institutional changes that had been occurring over the decade of reform in China and a political opportunity that allowed wide coverage of the students' activities.
Effectiveness of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Blacks Versus Whites (from MADIT-II)

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in whites and blacks who were enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II (MADIT-II). The study population involved 1,232 subjects, with 1,073 white patients (87%) and 102 black patients (8%). Univariate analyses revealed a significant reduction in mortality in white patients treated with ICD therapy (p
Seven-coordinate titanium and vanadium carbonyls. Synthesis and x-ray crystal structures of [Me3CSi(CH2PMe2)3]Ti(CO)4 and [Me3CSi(CH2PMe2)3]V(CO)3H

Reductive carbonylation of the tripod phosphine complexes [ ~-BuS~(CH~PM~~)~]MC~~(~~~), where M is Ti or V and thf is tetrahydrofuran, with sodium naphthalenide in thf under carbon monoxide gives the titanium(0) carbonyl [~-BUS~(CH~PM~~),]T~(CO)~, 1, and the vanadium(1) hydride [t-BuSi(CH2PMe2)3]V(C0)3H, 2. X-ray crystallographic studies of these two compounds reveal seven-coordinate 43 piano stool geometries, with slightly different orientations of the fourfold and threefold faces; the titanium and vanadium structures may also be described in terms of a face-capped trigonal prism and a face-capped octahedron, respectively. Important structural parameters are as follows: Ti-CO = 1.98 (l), 2.00 (1) A; Ti-P = 2.612 (3), 2.632 (5) A; C-Ti-C(cis) = 69.8 (5), 71.7 (5)O; C-Ti-C(trans) = 109.9 (5)O; V-CO = 1.852 (9), 1.862 (7) A; V-P = 2.440 (2), 2.470 (2) A; C-V-C(cis) = 82.0 (3)O; C-V-C(trans) = 96.9 (3)O. The chelating nature of the phosphine ligand lends these complexes unusual kinetic and oxidative stability. Spectroscopic data for 1 and 2 are discussed: in particular, the large downfield I3C NMR chemical shift and low CO stretching force constant in 1 indicate that there is unusually strong Ti - CO T back-donation.
A new theoretical method for the study of the phase transition from spherical to deformed nuclei

Abstract A model of the phase transition from spherical to deformed nuclei is studied in terms of a variational method for the ground state energy. The latter is expressed in terms of physically observable matrix elements.
Multi-aspect target detection for SAR imagery using hidden Markov models

Radar scattering from an illuminated object is often highly dependent on the target-sensor orientation. In typical synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, the information in the multi-aspect target signatures is diffused in the image-formation process. In an effort to exploit the aspect dependence of the target signature, the authors employ a sequence of directional filters to the SAR imagery, thereby generating a sequence of subaperture images that recover the directional dependence of the target scattering. The scattering statistics are then used to design a hidden Markov model (HMM), wherein the orientation-dependent scattering statistics are exploited explicitly. This approach fuses information embodied in the orientation-dependent target signature under the assumption that. Both the target identity and orientation are unknown. Performance is assessed by considering the detection of tactical targets concealed in foliage, using measured foliage-penetrating (FOPEN) SAR data.
RICHARD HOOKER'S VIA MEDIA DOCTRINE OF SCRIPTURE AND TRADITION

In two earlier articles published in Harvard Theological Review,“Richard Hooker's Via Media Doctrine of Justification,” HTR 74 (1981) 211–20, and “Richard Hooker's Via Media Doctrine of Repentance,” HTR 84 (1991) 59–74. I argued the thesis that the thought of Richard Hooker (1544–1600) represents a distinctive via media way of doing theology that immeasurably influenced what would later become known as “Anglicanism.” This thesis has recently been vigorously challenged by a certain group of scholars who constitute what may now well be regarded as a “new school” of Hooker interpretation.The leader of this new school is W. J. Torrance Kirby, whose revisionist interpretation is clearly set forth in Richard Hooker's Doctrine of the Royal Supremacy (Leiden and New York: Brill, 1990) 33–37, 126–27; “Richard Hooker as an Apologist of the Magisterial Reformation in England,” in Richard Hooker and the Construction of Christian Community (ed. Arthur Stephen McGrade; Tempe, Ariz.: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, 1997) 220–23; and “Richard Hooker's Theory of Natural Law in the Context of Reformation Theology,” Sixteenth Century Journal 30 (1999) 681–703. See also Nigel Atkinson, Richard Hooker and the Authority of Scripture, Tradition and Reason: Reformed Theologian of the Church of England (Carlisle, Cumbria: Paternoster, 1997); and “Hooker's Theological Method and Modern Anglicanism,” Churchman 114 (2000) 40–70. These scholars argue that the via media understanding of Hooker's thought, along with his anachronistic association with what only much later became known as “Anglicanism,” were largely creations of “Catholicizing” leaders of the nineteenth-century High Church Oxford Movement—including Hooker's editor, John Keble, and most notably John Henry Newman in his pre-conversion Anglo-Catholic guise. These scholars then set forth their counterthesis that Hooker is to all intents and purposes a faithful English exponent of all the basic “orthodox” doctrines of the Magisterial Reformers, namely, Luther and especially Calvin.
A RSC/Nucleosome Complex Determines Chromatin Architecture and Facilitates Activator Binding

How is chromatin architecture established and what role does it play in transcription? We show that the yeast regulatory locus UASg bears, in addition to binding sites for the activator Gal4, sites bound by the RSC complex. RSC positions a nucleosome, evidently partially unwound, in a structure that facilitates Gal4 binding to its sites. The complex comprises a barrier that imposes characteristic features of chromatin architecture. In the absence of RSC, ordinary nucleosomes encroach over the UASg and compete with Gal4 for binding. Taken with our previous work, the results show that both prior to and following induction, specific DNA-binding proteins are the predominant determinants of chromatin architecture at the GAL1/10 genes. RSC/nucleosome complexes are also found scattered around the yeast genome. Higher eukaryotic RSC lacks the specific DNA-binding determinants found on yeast RSC, and evidently Gal4 works in those organisms despite whatever obstacle broadly positioned nucleosomes present.
A feasibility study to develop a diabetes prevention program for young adults with prediabetes by using digital platforms and a handheld device.

PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an age-specific diabetes prevention program in young adults with prediabetes.MethodsA one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The inclusion criteria were age 18 to 29 years and the presence of prediabetes (either impaired fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL [5.55-6.94 mmol/L] or A1C of 5.7%-6.4%). Fifteen participants were enrolled in the study. A technology-based lifestyle coaching program focused on diet and physical activity and incorporating a handheld device and digital platforms was developed and tested. Psychosocial factors (health literacy, illness perception, self-efficacy, therapeutic efficacy) based on social cognitive theory, changes in diet and physical activity, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and week 12 after the intervention. A paired-samples t test was performed to examine changes between baseline and postintervention on each psychosocial and physical variable.Res...
Juru at TREC 2005: Query Prediction in the Terabyte and the Robust tracks

Our experiments focus this year on the ad-hock tasks of the Terabyte and the Robust tracks. In both tracks we experimented with the query prediction technology we developed recently. In the Terabyte track, we investigated how query prediction can be used to improve federation of search results extracted from several indices. We show that federated search based on query prediction can achieve comparable results to single-index search. In the Robust track we trained a predictor over one collection (TREC-8) for predicting query diculty over another collection (AQUAINT). The experimental results show that dicult
The Human Side of Change: A Practical Guide to Organization Redesign

The article reviews the book “The Human Side of Change: A Practical Guide to Organization Redesign,” by Timothy J. Galpin.
5.8-GHz circularly polarized dual-rhombic-loop traveling-wave rectifying antenna for low power-density wireless power transmission applications

This paper reports a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) high-efficiency traveling-wave rectifying antenna (rectenna) designed in a coplanar stripline (CPS) circuit that is etched on a Rogers Duroid 5870 substrate with /spl epsiv//sub r/=2.2 and 20-mil thickness. A 4 /spl times/ 1 traveling-wave array of RHCP high-gain dual-rhombic-loop antennas (DRLAs) and a reflecting plane are used to provide highly efficient RF-to-DC conversion in the presence of lower power densities regardless of the rectenna's broadside orientation. The DRLA array has a circularly polarized antenna gain of 14.6 dB with a 2:1 voltage standing-wave ratio bandwidth of 17% and a better than 3 dB axial ratio fractional bandwidth of 7% centered about 5.8 GHz. The rectenna achieves 82% RF-to-DC conversion efficiency at 5.8 GHz and uses a low-profile CPS band-reject filter to suppress the re-radiated second harmonic by over 14 dB. The rectenna operating at low power density should have many applications when the transmitting power is low and/or the transmission distance is long.
Kinetic and spectroscopic profiles of three pyridine complexes at a silver electrode using surface-enhanced Raman scattering and evolving factor analysis

Abstract This work uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to examine the speciation of pyridine at a rough silver electrode surface during oxidation–reduction cycles. Evolving factor analysis (EFA), a form of self-modeling curve resolution, is used to analyze sequences of SER spectra. The EFA results are interpreted as the resolved spectra and potential-dependent profiles of discrete surface species, and results in information about the potential dependence of species. The profiles of at least two and possibly three species have been resolved. Two previously known species, an N-bound pyridine adduct of Ag + and a π-bound adduct of Ag 0 , have had their spectra deconvoluted and their potential dependence reassessed. Evidence for a third species at positive potentials is presented, its spectrum is deconvoluted, and it is tentatively assigned as an N-bound pyridine complex with Ag 0 .
Adaptive Control of a Class of Nonaffine Systems Using Neural Networks

A neural control synthesis method is considered for a class of nonaffine uncertain single-input-single-output (SISO) systems. The method eliminates a fixed-point assumption and does not assume boundedness on the time derivative of a control effectiveness term. One or the other of these assumptions exist in earlier papers on this subject. Using Lyapunov's direct method, it is shown that all the signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded, and that the tracking error converges to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. Simulation with a Van Der Pol equation with nonaffine control terms illustrates the approach.
Cognitive impairment in gynecologic cancers: a systematic review of current approaches to diagnosis and treatment

To review the etiology and assessment of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). To explore current treatment and prevention strategies for CRCI and propose future research goals in the field of gynecologic oncology. Computerized searches in PubMed of cognitive impairment in cancer between 2000 and 2012 were conducted. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials evaluating treatment of CRCI and search terms 'cognitive function, cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, chemobrain, chemofog, and cancer'. To date, numerous modalities have been utilized for assessing CRCI in patients undergoing therapy. It has been proposed to move towards web-based assessment modalities as a possible standard. Few studies have aimed to elucidate possible treatment and prevention options for CRCI; even less in the field of gynecologic oncology. Only seven of these studies were subjected to randomized control trials. Only one of these studies looked at treatment in patients with gynecologic cancers. The etiology of CRCI is multi-factorial. Following from this, there is no consensus on the best way to assess CRCI although objective measures are more reliable. One must extrapolate data from the non-gynecologic cancer literature, even venturing to non-cancer literature, to explore the treatment and prevention of CRCI. The methods found in these areas of research have not yet been applied to CRCI in gynecologic oncology.
Automatically classifying benign and harmful data races using replay analysis

Many concurrency bugs in multi-threaded programs are due to dataraces. There have been many efforts to develop static and dynamic mechanisms to automatically find the data races. Most of the prior work has focused on finding the data races and eliminating the false positives.In this paper, we instead focus on a dynamic analysis technique to automatically classify the data races into two categories - the dataraces that are potentially benign and the data races that are potentially harmful. A harmful data race is a real bug that needs to be fixed. This classification is needed to focus the triaging effort on those data races that are potentially harmful. Without prioritizing the data races we have found that there are too many data races to triage. Our second focus is to automatically provide to the developer a reproducible scenario of the data race, which allows the developer to understand the different effects of a harmful data race on a program's execution.To achieve the above, we record a multi-threaded program's execution in a replay log. The replay log is used to replay the multi-threaded program, and during replay we find the data races using a happens-before based algorithm. To automatically classify if a data race that we find is potentially benign or potentially harmful, were play the execution twice for a given data race - one for each possible order between the conflicting memory operations. If the two replays for the two orders produce the same result, then we classify the data race to be potentially benign. We discuss our experiences in using our replay based dynamic data race checker on several Microsoft applications.
Effect of coordinated replenishment policies on quality

Coordinated replenishment is a supply chain policy that affects many operational performance measures, including cost, lead time, and quality. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of a simplified supply chain in which conformance quality is one of the supplier's decision variables and both the supplier and its customer are trying to minimize expected annual cost. Our expected cost model includes the important quality costs (appraisal, prevention, internal failure, and external failure) as well as holding, set-up, and ordering costs. Our results indicate that coordination leads to a decline in total cost but that coordination does not necessarily lead to an improvement in quality. In other words, buyers who are using coordinated replenishment may be trading higher quality for lower cost.
A Study of the Compensatory and Non-Compensatory Decision Support on the Top-100 U.S. E-Commerce Websites

Given the explosive growth of products available on the Web, providing decision support features to consumers has become an important area of concern for both researchers and practitioners. When encountered with products with multiple attributes, consumers have been shown to use compensatory and non-compensatory decision strategies. This paper investigates the support provided by the top-100 U.S. retail websites for consumers’ execution of these strategies. The results show that while overwhelming support is provided for consumers’ execution of non-compensatory decision strategies, no such support exists for implementing compensatory strategies.
Division of Household Labor among Black Couples and White Couples

Research consistently documents that women do most of the housework and childcare within thefamily, but the explanation for gender inequity within the home is not well understood. One explanation focuses on the distribution of structural resources by gender, which in turn influences the division of household labor. Another concentrates on cultural expectations aboutgendered responsibilities in the home. We argue that an adequate explanation must integrate both structural and culturalfactors. We also assess the effect of husbands'participation in home labor on marital well-beingfor black andfor white wives. The sample is representative offirst marrages of blacks and whites in an urban county. Findings show thatpart of the effect of relative resources on the allocation of home labor is due to their mutual association with couple norms. Further, husbands' participation in home labor is related positively to marital well-being but onlyfor black wives. In the past decade, much research has focused on gender inequity in the home. Recent findings show that women perform two to three times as much housework as their husbands or cohabiting partners (Demo & Acock 1993), but the explanation for this gender inequity in the home is not well understood. In contributing to
Microstructural development in cast alloys based on the β-NiAl–β′-Ni2AlTi–γ′-Ni3Al–α-Cr system

An investigation of microstructural development in three arc-cast Ni–Al–Cr–Ti multiphase alloys derived from the B2 type β-NiAl phase is presented. Detailed microstructural characterization of Ni–25 at % Al–20 at % Cr–15 at % Ti, Ni–26 at % Al–21 at % Cr–11 at % Ti and Ni–25 at % Al–24 at % Cr–15 at % Ti materials by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is described. Microstructural development is examined in both the as-cast condition and after 140 h homogenization treatments at both 850 and 1100 °C. The formation of a eutectic between an L21-type β′ phase (Heusler phase, with a nominal composition of Ni2AlTi) and elemental α-Cr is examined. The precipitation of α within β(′) and vice versa, in both the inter- and intradendritic regions, is considered. The formation of L12-type γ′ (nominally Ni3Al) precipitates within the β and β′-phases is discussed, as is the transformation of β to two-phase β/β′ during ageing. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
A Protocol of Plain Radiographs, Hip Ultrasound, and Triple Phase Bone Scans in the Evaluation of the Painful Pediatric Hip

A useful protocol for the evaluation of hip pain in the pediatric patient, using a combination of plain radiographs, hip ultrasound (US), and triple phase radionuclide bone scans is presented. Patients with hip pain were initially evaluated by plain radiographs of the pelvis and hips. If no diagnosis was reached, the hips were studied for effusions by real-time hip ultrasonography. If an effusion was present, the joint was aspirated for diagnosis. If no effusion was present by US or if no diagnosis was reached by aspiration, triple phase radionuclide bone scans were performed. Fifty patients were evaluated by this prospective protocol, and the diagnosis was reached in 48 of the 50 cases (10 by plain radiographs, 16 by US, and aspiration of the joint, and 22 by triple phase bone scans). Hip effusions were found in 20 patients by US, with no false positives or false negatives. Previous studies for detecting effusions by US have emphasized absolute measurements of the capsular width, but we report a typical appearance of the hip capsule when fluid is present (a bulging convex capsule). When no effusion is present, the capsule is concave and parallels the long axis of the femoral neck.