cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imagining Mathematical Thinking for Inclusive Curriculum: A Conversation.

ABSTRACTA transcribed conversation between a mathematics educator and a disability studies educator is presented to highlight cross-disciplinary dialog as a fruitful space for recursive and reflexive engagement from which may emerge concepts to further both mathematics and disability education. The opening question, “How can I know what’s possible in terms of engaging students with disabilities in mathematical thinking and reasoning?,” sparks discussion. Critique of typical practices in special education and mathematics teaching are raised in terms of learning theories and ideologies of schooling. Takeaways include the promise of emphasizing mathematical thinking as a way to structure more inclusive educational experiences for students with disabilities.
Colonoscopic diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Diagnostic evaluation of lower intestinal bleeding varies according to the rate of bleeding and the amount of blood lost. Occult bleeding or slow gross bleeding is investigated by colonoscopy after preparation of the colon. Acute severe bleeding is evaluated by emergency colonoscopy or by radionuclide scanning followed by angiography. Endoscopic or angiographic therapy controls bleeding in one third to two thirds of patients.
Another Cubanidad, another Latinidad: Latinx African diaspora in Nilo Cruz’s Anna in the Tropics

This research proposes that, in taking 1929 Ybor City as its setting, Nilo Cruz’s drama Anna in the Tropics (Dramatists Play Service, New York, 2003) simultaneously enacts an alternative origin story for Cuban American community in the United States—one inclusive of Afro-Cubans—and creates a bridge between Latinx, African American, and Afro-Latin American experiences. Constitutive of that bridge is what this essay identifies as the drama’s subtle invocation of the African diaspora worldviews, practices, and aesthetics of Orisha worship common in the Americas. This spiritual component of the play is central to the resolution of gender, financial, and national conflicts that erupt in this drama, and suggestive of an Afro-Cubanidad that is gender-bending, decolonial, and cosmopolitan. This interdisciplinary analysis situates Anna in the Tropics in both Latinx and African American performance contexts, while also drawing from research in history, religion, gender, and feminist thought.
The Good Governor: Robert Ray and the Indochinese Refugees of Iowa

Review of: "The Good Governor: Robert Ray and the Indochinese Refugees of Iowa," by Matthew R. Walsh.
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in US Youth

Abstract Childhood overweight is now a worldwide epidemic. Basically, no age group is left unscathed; currently, 1 in 10 US children under the age of 5 is obese. It has been reported that morbidity associated with childhood obesity is occurring at younger ages and is associated with adult diseases including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. The situation is very alarming, and appropriate precautionary measures should be undertaken from all spheres.
Nematic-Orbit Coupling and Nematic Density Waves in Spin-1 Condensates

We propose the creation of artificial nematic-orbit coupling in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, in analogy with spin-orbit coupling. Using a suitably designed microwave chip, the quadratic Zeeman shift, normally uniform in space, can be made to be spatiotemporally varying, leading to a coupling between spatial and nematic degrees of freedom. A phase diagram is explored where three quantum phases with the nematic order emerge: easy axis, easy plane with single-well structure, and easy plane with double-well structure in momentum space. By including spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions, we also obtain the low energy excitation spectra in these three phases. Last, we show that the nematic-orbit coupling leads to a periodic nematic density modulation in relation to the period λ_{T} of the cosinusoidal quadratic Zeeman term. Our results point to the rich possibilities for manipulation of tensorial degrees of freedom in ultracold gases without requiring Raman lasers, and therefore, obviating light-scattering induced heating.
Focusing Singularity for the Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation

We summarize recent results on the focusing singularity of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation.
CONVENTIONAL VS. ISLAMIC FINANCE: THE IMPACT OF RAMADAN UPON SHARIA-COMPLIANT MARKETS

The Islamic financial industry is growing at a rate 50% faster than that of conventional banking and is expected to be worth USD 2.1 trillion by the end of 2014. This rapid growth and institutionalization of an alternative financial market highlights a growing need to further investigate Sharia-compliant markets and how they compare with their conventional market counterparts. This paper investigates this broad relationship by focusing on the effects of Ramadan upon the performance of Sharia-compliant financial instruments. Specifically, we utilize an event-study methodology to compare the performance of Sharia-compliant stocks to their conventional counterparts across a large sample of countries and regions. We find strong evidence for a significant Ramadan effect within Muslim majority countries and regions. The effect is strongest in the days leading up to Ramadan, and also around the beginning of Ramadan's third Ashra on the 20th day. This timing reflects the mental, emotional and practical preparations that individuals go through during the course of the month- long observance. These results are not consistent with traditional economic expectations and therefore reflect the unique socially-embedded nature of this emerging and religiously inspired financial system.
Romanticism, Melodrama, and Minstrelsy (1800s)

This chapter investigates ties between nationalist movements, Marxist and Darwinist discoveries, Romantic tragedies, and popular melodramas in Europe. It considers various theatre riots in London, Paris, and New York—and different acting styles: natural-inspired or grand-flamboyant (Romantic), studied-declamatory or studied-domestic (Classical), and sincere-realistic. These contending styles, with star actors becoming director-like managers, relate to the emergence of the Dracula figure as well. The chapter looks at black actors performing in whiteface and the development of a systematic emotional acting method (by Delsarte), plus the well-made play formula (by Scribe). It explores various melodramatic types, blackface minstrel shows, and Wild West tours in the US, involving popular, yet demeaning stereotypes—related to “total artwork” directors, vaudeville variety shows, and new technologies for violent spectacles.
SIV infected rhesus macaques: an AIDS model for immunoprevention and immunotherapy.

The current worldwide epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency lentivirus (HIV) presents an unprecedented challenge for vaccine prevention and immunotherapy. Never before have we have been faced with an organism which so successfully persists and evades the host defenses while going about its insidious but apparently inevitable destruction of the immune system. Contrary to more conventional viruses, neutralizing antibodies to the external envelope glycoprotein provide only partial, incomplete protection against HIV infection and, under some circumstances, may even enhance infection. Virus envelope mutations lead to changes in neutralization epitopes and cell tropism and may cause an increased virulence with disease progression. Escape from immune surveillance by hiding within cells may also pose a major hurdle to elimination of the virus via natural or vaccine-induced immunity. At the present time the target antigen(s) for vaccine induction of protective immunity against HIV or any other lentivirus is simply unknown. Presumably, cell mediated immunity against cell-associated virus core and envelope antigens plays an important role, both in protection and, possibly, in causing immunopathology. To help us sort our way through this biologic maze and develop successful vaccines and antiviral therapies, we need animal lentivirus models that resemble AIDS.
Pulsed and continuous light UV LED: microbial inactivation, electrical, and time efficiency.

Abstract Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) have increasing applications in the inactivation of microorganisms in water, air, food, and on surfaces. System designers currently have metrics for comparison of the microbial and energy efficiency of UV LEDs, but these have not included a time component. Without including the time efficiency of a UV LED, neither the fluence-basis nor the electrical-basis of comparison clarifies which UV LED wavelength and operating condition is optimal for a design space. This research explores microbial inactivation of UV LEDs at various wavelengths under continuous and pulsing operating conditions. Planktonic microorganisms of relevance to public water supplies and UV system design are included: E. coli and MS-2 for benchmarking against previous studies and P. aeruginosa which has not been studied in pulsed systems or for continuous and combined UV LED wavelengths. Pulsing UV LEDs at various duty rates (percent of cycle spent on) and frequencies (number of cycles per second) does not result in a statistically significant disinfection performance difference over the continuous light operation at that respective wavelength. UV LEDs emitting at peak wavelengths corresponding to the peak action spectrum of a microorganism are optimal on a fluence-basis, but these are typically less electrically efficient UV LEDs. System designers can compare the normalized microbial inactivation, electrical, and time efficiencies (ENETO) of various UV LEDs; ENETO ≥1 for a pulsing condition ensures equal or improved efficiency compared to the continuous light condition while expanding the lifetime of the UV LED and decreasing the size or cost of associated power supplies.
Concordance between TP53 alterations in blood and tissue: impact of time interval, biopsy site, cancer type and circulating tumor DNA burden.

We examined the impact of spatial, temporal, histologic, and quantitative factors on concordance between TP53 alterations in tissue DNA vs in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Four hundred and thirty-three patients underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) in which both tissue and blood samples were evaluated. TP53 was detected in 258 of 433 patients (59.6%); 215 had tissue TP53 alterations (49.7%); 159, ctDNA (36.7%); and 116, both tissue and ctDNA (27.8%). Overall concordance rate between ctDNA and tissue biopsies for TP53 alterations was 67.2%; positive concordance was 45.0%. Overall concordance for TP53 did not vary among patients with ≤ 2 months vs > 6 months between test samples; however, positive concordance trended higher when time intervals between test samples were shorter, suggesting that the lack of difference in overall concordance may be due to the large number of negative/negative tests. There was a trend toward higher overall concordance based on biopsy site (metastatic vs primary) (P = 0.07) and significantly higher positive concordance if the tissue biopsy site was a metastatic lesion (P = 0.03). Positive concordance significantly decreased in noncolorectal cancer patients vs colorectal cancer patients (P = 0.02). Finally, higher %ctDNA was associated with higher concordance rates between blood and tissue (P < 0.001). Taken together, these data indicate that both blood and tissue DNA sequencing are necessary to evaluate the full scope of TP53 alterations, and that concordance rates may be related to multiple factors including, but not limited to, amount of ctDNA, histologic context, and site of tissue biopsy.
A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a shunt complication.

The authors describe an 82-year-old female with a right frontal ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for long-standing normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) who presented with worsening incontinence and g...
Investigation of search strategies to identify optimized and efficient templates for automatic target recognition in remotely sensed imagery

Object detection remains an important and ever-present component of computer vision applications. While deep learning has been the focal point for much of the research actively being conducted in this area, there still exists certain applications in which such a sophisticated and complex system is not required. For example, if a very specific object or set of objects are desired to be automatically identified, and these objects' appearances are known a priori, then a much simpler and more straightforward approach known as matched filtering, or template matching, can be a very accurate and powerful tool to employ for object detection. In our previous work, we investigated using machine learning, specifically, the improved Evolution COnstructed features framework, to identify (near-) optimal templates for matched filtering given a specific problem. Herein, we explore how different search algorithms, e.g., genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, gravitational search algorithm, can derive not only (near-) optimal templates, but also promote templates that are more efficient. Specifically, given a defined template for a particular object of interest, can these search algorithms identify a subset of information that enables more efficient detection algorithms while minimizing degradation of detection performance. Performance is assessed in the context of algorithm efficiency, accuracy of the object detection algorithm and its associated false alarm rate, and search algorithm performance. Experiments are conducted on handpicked images of commercial aircraft from the xView dataset | one of the largest publicly available datasets of overhead imagery.
Evaluation of parasite resistance in a beef cattle operation with use of extended-release eprinomectin for 3 years

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to determine whether parasite resistance to extended-release eprinomectin was present in an operation after 3 yr of eprinomectin use. Materials and Methods Fall-born Angus × Simmental heifers (224 ± 22 d of age; 171 ± 17.8 kg initial BW) were stratified by d −2 fecal egg count (FEC) and BW and assigned to 1 of 9 groups (7 heifers per group). Groups were then assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: extended-release eprinomectin (ERE; n = 3), extended-release eprinomectin and oxfendazole (ERE+O; n = 3), or saline control (CON; n = 3). Throughout the experiment, FEC and packed cell volume were evaluated 6 times, and a fecal egg reduction test was conducted on d 28. Results and Discussion There was a treatment × time interaction (P Implications and Applications Based on the fecal egg reduction test (>90%), parasite resistance was not present in an operation after 3 yr of use of extended-release eprinomectin.
//makeMeaning: Designing Objects with a Data Materialization Workflow

This hands-on course will guide participants through an innovative creative workflow referred to as data materialization. The workflow begins by collecting meaningful data and culminates in the production of a designed data object. Participants will be introduced to computational design fundamentals and the foundational elements and principles of art and design. A suite of software tools will be used to realize this workflow including Processing, Inkscape, Rhino 3D and Autodesk Fusion 360.
Facilitating Maturation Through Social Bonds Among Delinquent Youth in the Transition to Adulthood

Maturation has recently been revived as a relevant, and complex, integrated theoretical concept with empirical support, particularly among offender populations. The theoretical concept evolved from an abstract, age-associated term, to a series of specific domains, including psychosocial, adult role, identity, civic, and cognitive processes. While existing research has empirically supported the interrelated nature of these domains, questions remain over whether these internal processes may be externally influenced, particularly among offenders. The current study uses the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance Study to test whether specific social bonding experiences, relating to family socialization processes and social bonds within the community, facilitate maturational growth within specific domains of the integrated maturation theory. Supplemental analyses focus on age-specific considerations of social and maturational change. The current study identifies significant within-individual variation in adult role maturation through family social processes. Findings also show consistent between-individual influences of positive family bonding stimulating domains of maturation. Social bonds with other adult figures provide no support for maturational growth. Maturational growth not only involves distinct domains influencing each other, as individuals age, but is also impacted by positive familial bonds among individuals with significant offense histories, in both adolescence and early adulthood.
A general linear method approach to the design and optimization of efficient, accurate, and easily implemented time-stepping methods in CFD.

In simulations of fluid motion time accuracy has proven to be elusive. We seek highly accurate methods with strong enough stability properties to deal with the richness of scales of many flows. These methods must also be easy to implement within current complex, possibly legacy codes. Herein we develop, analyze and test new time stepping methods addressing these two issues with the goal of accelerating the development of time accurate methods addressing the needs of applications. The new methods are created by introducing inexpensive pre-filtering and post-filtering steps to popular methods which have been implemented and tested within existing codes. We show that pre-filtering and post-filtering a multistep or multi-stage method results in new methods which have both multiple steps and stages: these are general linear methods (GLMs). We utilize the well studied properties of GLMs to understand the accuracy and stability of filtered method, and to design optimal new filters for popular time-stepping methods. We present several new embedded families of high accuracy methods with low cognitive complexity and excellent stability properties. Numerical tests of the methods are presented, including ones finding failure points of some methods. Among the new methods presented is a novel pair of alternating filters for the Implicit Euler method which induces a third order, A-stable, error inhibiting scheme which is shown to be particularly effective.
Expanding spectrum of opportunistic infections associated with dimethyl fumarate

Background:Only progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is currently described in the dimethyl fumarate (DMF) prescribing information.Objectives:To describe opportunistic infections (OIs),...
Directly Printed Oxide/ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalysts for Methanol Conversion to Dimethyl Ether with Exceptional Stability, Conversion, and Selectivity

Additive manufacturing, otherwise known as 3D printing, is an effective way of generating customizable heterogeneous catalysts. In this study, we utilized direct ink writing of insoluble oxides to ...
Self-critical perfectionism, beliefs about emotions, emotional disclosure, and depression in young adults: a mediational analysis

Self-critical perfectionism (SCP) is a common personality trait among young adults that is associated with high levels of depression and low emotional disclosure. We tested (1) whether negative bel...
Perceptual variation and ignorance

There is variation in how people perceive colors and other secondary qualities. The challenge of perceptual variation is to say whose perceptions are accurate. A natural and influential response is that, whenever there’s variation in two people’s perceptions, at most one of their perceptions is accurate. I will argue that this leads to an unacceptable kind of ignorance.
ChemNODE: A Neural Ordinary Differential Equations Framework for Efficient Chemical Kinetic Solvers

Abstract Solving for detailed chemical kinetics remains one of the major bottlenecks for computational fluid dynamics simulations of reacting flows using a finite-rate-chemistry approach. This has motivated the use of fully connected artificial neural networks to predict stiff chemical source terms as functions of the thermochemical state of the combustion system. However, due to the nonlinearities and multi-scale nature of combustion, the predicted solution often diverges from the true solution when these deep learning models are coupled with a computational fluid dynamics solver. This is because these approaches minimize the error during training without guaranteeing successful integration with ordinary differential equation solvers. In the present work, a novel neural ordinary differential equations approach to modeling chemical kinetics, termed as ChemNODE, is developed. In this deep learning framework, the chemical source terms predicted by the neural networks are integrated during training, and by computing the required derivatives, the neural network weights are adjusted accordingly to minimize the difference between the predicted and ground-truth solution. A proof-of-concept study is performed with ChemNODE for homogeneous autoignition of hydrogen-air mixture over a range of composition and thermodynamic conditions. It is shown that ChemNODE accurately captures the correct physical behavior and reproduces the results obtained using the full chemical kinetic mechanism at a fraction of the computational cost.
Connectivity reliability of large scale random ad hoc networks

In this paper we study connectivity reliability of a large scale randomly connected ad hoc network. We first model the networks as random graphs, and then present a way to exam its connectivity reliability. The results show that if each node can randomly connect to 3 nodes, then for 99.5 % of graphs we can trace to all nodes from one node. If each node can just randomly connect to 2 nodes, then the reliable connectivity cannot be established.
Glucagon secretion in late pregnancy and the puerperium

Fasting plasma glucagon levels in late pregnancy were not significantly changed from those of nonpregnant matched control subjects, but at 6 to 8 weeks post partum a significant decrease in fasting glucagon levels was observed. Acute elevation of plasma glucose levels (via 25 Gm. intravenous glucose loading) induced a suppression of glucagon levels. This glucose-mediated glucagon suppression appeared to be less during late pregnancy which is probably related to the smaller increments of plasma glucose following intravenous loading in late pregnancy as compared to postpartum values.
Neighborhood Scale and Collective Efficacy: Does Size Matter?

The theory of collective efficacy emphasizes the role of the neighborhood as a unit of social control that can deter crime. The neighborhood unit is most often defined as a census tract or a similar administratively defined measure. These neighborhood definitions are not always sociologically meaningful. That is, administratively defined geographical areas do not necessarily align with residents' perceptions of their neighborhood's boundaries, which incorporate the familiarity with an area and interactions with other residents. Officially defined neighborhoods often present an inaccurate representation of collective efficacy, as these areas are not likely to function as a cohesive social unit. An alternative measure of “bespoke” neighborhoods is presented in geographical research. The bespoke neighborhood identifies a neighborhood area as the distance from a specific point or the number of people situated nearest to a specific location. This concept takes into consideration each resident's unique definition of the neighborhood. In addition, the bespoke neighborhood can be assessed on different scales to identify the most appropriate neighborhood size, where patterns of behavior are most meaningful. Bespoke neighborhoods can be used to identify sociologically meaningful neighborhoods that can inform the theory of collective efficacy.
Shared-Memory Parallel Vector Implementation of the Immersed Boundary Method for the Computation of Blood Flow in the Beating Mammalian Heart

This paper describes the parallel implementation of the immersed boundary method on a shared-memory machine such as the Cray C-90 computer. In this implementation, outer loops are parallelized and inner loops are vectorized. The sustained computation rates achieved are 0.258 Gflops with a single processor, 1.89 Gflops with 8 processors, and 2.50 Gflops with 16 processors. An application to the computer simulation of blood flow in the heart is presented.
Distributed systems management on the Web

The need to manage a multi-platform enterprise and the advancement of web technologies have made it possible to build powerful cross-platform management applications. As more network and system management tools become web-enabled, the web browser becomes a convenient point of integration.
Safety Assessment of Foods Obtained from Crops Developed Using Biotechnology

The current chapter discusses historical perspectives on the development and commercialization of genetically engineered (GE) crops developed using biotechnology, and the safety assessment of foods obtained from these crops. Most currently commercialized GE crops express transgenic proteins that confer agronomic traits, including insect resistance and herbicide tolerance that are intended to increase crop yield. Methods to assess the safety of transgenic proteins used in GE crops for potential allergenicity and toxicity are discussed. Additionally, the principles of substantial equivalence as applied to the safety assessment of foods obtained from GE crops are discussed. Numerous examples are presented to emphasize the comprehensive nature of the safety-assessment process conducted for these products prior to commercialization to demonstrate that the transgenic proteins are safe and that the foods obtained from the currently marketed GE crops are as safe as those obtained from non-GE crops. Keywords: biotechnology; food; Bacillus thuringiensis; risk assessment; qualitative risk assessment; substantial equivalence; pleiotropism; allergenicity
Nongravitational Effects on Comets: The Current Status

A method for allowing for the effects of nongravitational forces on the motions of comets is summarized. Study of the motions of specific comets indicates that these forces act essentially continuously but have a high inverse dependence on heliocentric distance; there is also evidence for secular changes. The equations of motion employed are discussed in terms of the Whipple icy-conglomerate model. Nongravitational parameters are tabulated for all 46 comets observed at three or more perihelion passages. We point out the particular problems that still exist for certain comets and suggest directions for future research.
Fat-assimilating capacity of the gastrointestinal tract after partial gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I anastomosis).

Summary In intake-excretion studies of fat carried out on 8 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I anastomosis), a standard test diet containing a large amount of fat was used. Results were compared with those obtained from similar studies with the same high fat test diet on 13 control subjects and 10 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy (Polya anastomosis). Patients with the Billroth I and those with the Polya anastomosis excreted excessive amounts of fat compared with the control subjects. The Polya group excreted the greatest average amount, the control group the least, and the Billroth I group an intermediate quantity. Each of the 3 groups showed significant differences in excretion of fecal fat from the other 2. Our findings indicate that partial gastrectomy with either type of anastomosis interferes to some degree with the normal fat-assimilating capacity of the gastrointestinal tract but that impairment is less after gastroduodenostomy than after gastrojejunostomy.
Fronto-striatal functional connectivity during response inhibition in alcohol dependence

Poor response inhibition has been implicated in the development of alcohol dependence, yet little is known about how neural pathways underlying cognitive control are affected in this disorder. Moreover, endogenous opioid levels may impact the functionality of inhibitory control pathways. This study investigated the relationship between alcohol dependence severity and functional connectivity of fronto-striatal networks during response inhibition in an alcohol-dependent sample. A secondary aim of this study was to test the moderating effect of a functional polymorphism (A118G) of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene. Twenty individuals with alcohol dependence (six females; 90% Caucasian; mean age = 29.4) who were prospectively genotyped on the OPRM1 gene underwent blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a Stop-Signal Task. The relationship between alcohol dependence severity and functional connectivity within fronto-striatal networks important for response inhibition was assessed using psychophysiological interaction analyses. Analyses revealed greater alcohol dependence severity was associated with weaker functional connectivity between the putamen and prefrontal regions (e.g. the anterior insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex) during response inhibition. Furthermore, the OPRM1 genotype was associated with differential response inhibition-related functional connectivity. This study demonstrates that individuals with more severe alcohol dependence exhibit less frontal connectivity with the striatum, a component of cognitive control networks important for response inhibition. These findings suggest that the fronto-striatal pathway underlying response inhibition is weakened as alcoholism progresses.
Tracking progress towards global drinking water and sanitation targets: A within and among country analysis.

ABSTRACT Introduction Global access to safe drinking water and sanitation has improved dramatically during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in progress between countries and inequality within countries. Methods We assessed countries' temporal patterns in access to drinking water and sanitation using publicly available data. We then classified countries using non-linear modeling techniques as having one of the following trajectories: 100% coverage, linear growth, linear decline, no change, saturation, acceleration, deceleration, negative acceleration, or negative deceleration. We further assessed the degree to which temporal profiles follow a sigmoidal pattern and how these patterns might vary within a given country between rural and urban settings. Results Among countries with more than 10 data points, between 15% and 38% showed a non-linear trajectory, depending on the indicator. Overall, countries' progress followed a sigmoidal trend, but some countries are making better progress and some worse progress than would be expected. We highlight several countries that are not on track to meet the MDG for water or sanitation, but whose access is accelerating, suggesting better performance during the coming years. Conversely, we also highlight several countries that have made sufficient progress to meet the MDG target, but in which access is decelerating. Discussion Patterns were heterogeneous and non-linearity was common. Characterization of these heterogeneous patterns will help policy makers allocate resources more effectively. For example, policy makers can identify countries that could make use of additional resources or might be in need of additional institutional capacity development to properly manage resources; this will be essential to meet the forthcoming Sustainable Development Goals.
Hierarchical phosphorylation at N-terminal transformation-sensitive sites in c-Myc protein is regulated by mitogens and in mitosis.

Abstract The N-terminal domain of the c-Myc protein has been reported to be critical for both the transactivation and biological functions of the c-Myc proteins. Through detailed phosphopeptide mapping analyses, we demonstrate that there is a cluster of four regulated and complex phosphorylation events on the N-terminal domain of Myc proteins, including Thr-58, Ser-62, and Ser-71. An apparent enhancement of Ser-62 phosphorylation occurs on v-Myc proteins having a mutation at Thr-58 which has previously been correlated with increased transforming ability. In contrast, phosphorylation of Thr-58 in cells is dependent on a prior phosphorylation of Ser-62. Hierarchical phosphorylation of c-Myc is also observed in vitro with a specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha, unlike the promiscuous phosphorylation observed with other glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha and 3 beta preparations. Although both p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cdc2 kinase specifically phosphorylate Ser-62 in vitro and cellular phosphorylation of Thr-58/Ser-62 is stimulated by mitogens, other in vivo experiments do not support a role for these kinases in the phosphorylation of Myc proteins. Unexpectedly, both the Thr-58 and Ser-62 phosphorylation events, but not other N-terminal phosphorylation events, can occur in the cytoplasm, suggesting that translocation of the c-Myc proteins to the nucleus is not required for phosphorylation at these sites. In addition, there appears to be an unusual block to the phosphorylation of Ser-62 during mitosis. Finally, although the enhanced transforming properties of Myc proteins correlates with the loss of phosphorylation at Thr-58 and an enhancement of Ser-62 phosphorylation, these phosphorylation events do not alter the ability of c-Myc to transactivate through the CACGTG Myc/Max binding site.
An evaluation of the teratogenic potential of protracted exposure of pregnant rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation: I. Morphologic analysis at term.

The present investigation was designed to study the effects of protracted prenatal exposure of rats to a 20‐mW/cm2 power density level of microwave radiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz. Preliminary studies using 24 rats indicated that this power density level did not cause a significant increase in maternal body temperature as measured by a rectal thermocouple. Of 75 pregnant rats, 12 were exposed to microwave radiation, 4 sham‐irraidated, and 59 used as environmental control animals. Rats were exposed throughout pregnancy for a total exposure time of approximately 270 h. Daily maternal weights were recorded before irradiation. A t term animals were killed, selected maternal tissues were removed, and fetal and placental positions and weights were recorded. After fixation for at least 3 wk, 462 term fetuses were dissected and examined for abnormalities. No significant alterations were observed for the following parameters: maternal weight gain during pregnancy, term maternal organ weights (brain, liver, ki...
A review of high-speed coherent transmission technologies for long-haul DWDM transmission at 100g and beyond

Over the past five years, coherent transmission technologies have delivered more than an order of magnitude improvement in the capacity- reach product for long-haul DWDM transmission systems. This article provides a working definition of "coherent transmission" based on current market realities; provides a functional model for beyond 100G coherent systems, and then examines five key technologies that will deliver beyond 100G: evolving transmitter technologies, including Nyquist pulse shaping and nonlinear compensation of transmitter devices; nonlinear compensation for the propagation effect; further advances in FEC technology; flexible grid DWDM and coherent super-channels. In each case we explain the factors in terms of optical or electronic component performance that are most likely to result in system performance limitations, and discuss engineering strategies to mitigate those limitations.
Computational fluid dynamics—retrospective and prospective

This paper reviews some of the seminal developments in CFD algorithms, both from the viewpoint of their technical impact, and the “cultural” context out of which they arose. It is argued that the development of massively parallel computers has had a baleful effect on some aspects of algorithm technology, leading to important questions being ignored. After listing some of the areas in which current CFD codes are less than adequate, some of the authors own research into those areas is summarized.
Evaluation and calibration of three models for daily cycle of air temperature

Abstract Three simple empirical models for daily cycle of air temperature were parameterized and evaluated using one- to three-hourly temperature data from one to nine years at five locations in North Carolina. All three models calculate temperatures continuously from daily maximum and minimum temperatures. These models are the sine—exponential model and two versions of sinusoidal models. The sine—exponential model uses a truncated sine function for the day time and an exponential function in the night. The sinusoidal model has a cosine function for the period between times of minimum and maximum temperatures and another cosine function between times of maximum temperature and minimum temperature of the next day. A modified sinusoidal model uses a truncated sine function instead of cosine function for the interval between the times of minimum and maximum temperatures. The models were fitted to temperature data for each location and year by a nonlinear least-squares procedure. They were then evaluated for accuracy and stability in terms of the mean-square error and the variation in parameter estimates over year and location. The sine—exponential model gave the smallest mean-square error for the data tested and the sinusoidal model gave the largest. The least square estimates of parameters for the sine—exponential model had less variation among years than among locations. However, a set of averaged parameters can be used for all locations tested and all years without substantially increasing the error over the best fit model.
The meaning of money: A psychiatric-psychological evaluation

In summary, we have reviewed some psychoanalytic formulations about the symbolic meanings of money, such as its equation with feces, semen, life, and love. Money becomes a sublimated interest so that we may avoid more primitive desires. Nevertheless, it also is an interest upon which is focused guilty feelings for more basic wishes from the past, so that seeking money is both pleasurable and anxiety-provoking. The helper of suffering humanity who demands money for his services is in a particularly conflicted position. As a result, he finds it necessary to develop a rationalization system that concludes that his demand for money is good for the sufferer. While this is true in some circumstances, it is better to face one's basic selfishness and realistic needs for money. The pastoral counselor experiences a different conflict, faced as he is with his need to be altruistic, and his lack of a good system of rationalization as possessed by the psychiatrist.
A fast pipelined VLSI adder for fast trigger decisions at the Superconducting Super Collider

Abstract We present a four 12-bit binary number adder proposed for use in the computation of the pipelined energy sums of data from the detectors at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). It was fabricated using a 1.2 μm N-well CMOS process. It comprises three 12-bit adders organized as a two-stage pipeline. To compute the final carry of each of the 12-bit adders, we used the Carry-Select technique applied to their 4-bit adder subcells. The 4-bit adders used the Carry-Lookahead method to compute their carries. In order to reduce the circuit area and to simplify the structure of this application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) we employed a Multiple-Output Domino Logic design style. The first stage of the pipeline (two adders) performs two 12-bit additions in parallel while the second stage (one adder) finishes up the previously started computation. The pipeline is driven using a two-phase clocking strategy by processing a single-phase external clock. We achieved an worst case throughput of 18 ns. In the best case the throughput was 16.5 ns. We included a built-in facility for testing the first stage of the pipeline. The area of the circuit is 1425×5510 μm 2 , it has 76 pads, and it is packed in a 132 pin grid array (PGA). The transistor count is 6639. The dissipated power at a 18-ns clock period was ≈ 0.75 W. The circuit has been fabricated through the MOSIS service. We found an yield of ≈ 80% for a lot of 50 chips.
Transfer Matrix Analysis of Cable-Stiffened Hoop Platforms

A transfer matrix method is applied to the free-vibration analysis of a series of cable-stiffen ed hoop platforms, which are often encountered as subassemblies in large space antennas. The method takes advantage of the cyclic symmetry of the structures to reduce significantly the amount of computations necessary to determine natural frequencies and the associated mode shapes. Numerical difficulties, which often arise in transfer matrix analyses of periodic structures, are not encountered with the method presented. Free-vibration characteristics are calculated for equilateral hoop assemblies with from 5 to 11 segments. Properties are chosen to allow comparison with the earlier experiments and calculations of Belvin, and good agreement is shown for that specific, hexagonal hoop platform. Running time comparisons indicate that the transfer matrix approach provides a promising alternative to finite-elemen t methods for the dynamic analysis of spacecraft structures characterized by slender substructures and repetitive geometry.
An update on brain imaging in parkinsonian dementia

Disturbances of cognition are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Unlike severe loss of dopamine early in PD, extensive cholinergic losses have been consistently reported in PD with dementia. Cholinergic imaging suggests that basal forebrain cholinergic system degeneration appears early in PD and worsens with dementia development. Cortical cholinergic denervation is similar in PD with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, supporting a common disease spectrum, at least with respect to cholinergic pathology. Presence of cerebral amyloidopathy in the setting of parkinsonism may accelerate cognitive decline. Novel MRI techniques illustrate the widespread presence of neurodegeneration in PD with dementia, affecting white matter tracts and connectivity functions. This review will outline current concepts regarding dementia development in PD and discuss their correlation with functional and structural neuroimaging including PET and MRI.
FORMAC routine for computing the matrix elements of the linearized cross-collision operators of gaseous mixtures

Abstract A FORMAC program is described which calculates the derivatives of appropriate generating functions to obtain the matrix elements with respect to the Burnett functions of the linearized Boltzmann cross-collision operators of a gaseous mixture. The general procedure discussed, however, is applicable to any linear operator for which the generating function for the matrix elements is known.
Evidence‐based research in the applied social sciences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline increased use of evidence‐based research strategies in the applied social sciences.Design/methodology/approach – The paper documents an ideal procedure for researchers to follow. It also provides resources from which to find evidence.Findings – Evidence‐based practice is emerging as an influential field within academic and professional applied social science fields; as such, reference librarians across various library types should become familiar with the search strategies and tools their users need in order to be successful evidence‐based practice researchersOriginality/value – The Campbell Collaboration's motto, “What helps? What harms? Based on what evidence?” neatly sums up the field of evidence‐based practice research
Photon interactions below 9 MeV in Ba and Ce

Elastic scattering of monoenergetic tagged photons from natural barium and cerium targets was measured at 135/sup 0/ for excitations between 4.5 and 9.0 MeV. The data were used to infer the respective total absorption cross sections below neutron emission threshold, and the results are compared with (..gamma..,n) measurements and with the predictions of a quasiparticle-phonon calculation in /sup 140/Ce. The low energy dipole absorption is found to be generally consistent with an extrapolation of the tail of the E-italic1 giant resonance, and to be substantially underestimated by the quasiparticle-phonon theory.
Polarimetric subspace target detector for SAR data based on the Huynen dihedral model

Two new polarimetric subspace target detectors are developed based on a dihedral signal model for bright peaks within a spatially extended target signature. The first is a coherent dihedral target detector based on the exact Huynen model for a dihedral. The second is a noncoherent dihedral target detector based on the Huynen model with an extra unknown phase term. Expressions for these polarimetric subspace target detectors are developed for both additive Gaussian clutter and more general additive spherically invariant random vector clutter including the K-distribution. For the case of Gaussian clutter with unknown clutter parameters, constant false alarm rate implementations of these polarimetric subspace target detectors are developed. The performance of these dihedral detectors is demonstrated with real millimeter-wave fully polarimetric SAR data. The coherent dihedral detector which is developed with a more accurate description of a dihedral offers no performance advantage over the noncoherent dihedral detector which is computationally more attractive. The dihedral detectors do a better job of separating a set of tactical military targets from natural clutter compared to a detector that assumes no knowledge about the polarimetric structure of the target signal.
Improvements in the GFDL Hurricane Prediction System

Abstract The hurricane model initialization scheme developed at GFDL was modified to improve the representation of the environmental fields in the initial condition. The filter domain defining the extent of the tropical cyclone in the global analysis is determined from the distribution of the low-level disturbance winds. The shape of the domain is generally not circular in order to minimize the removal of important nonhurricane features near the storm region. An optimum interpolation technique is used to determine the environmental fields within the filter domain. Outside of the domain, the environmental fields are identical to the original global analysis. The generation process of the realistic and model-compatible vortex has also undergone some minor modifications so that reasonable vortices are produced for various data conditions. The upgraded hurricane prediction system was tested for a number of cases and compared against the previous version and yielded an overall improvement in the forecasts of s...