cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depressive personality disorder, dysthymia, and their relationship to perfectionism.

This paper reports the results of two studies in a nonclinical (n=105) and primary care outpatient sample (n=110), in which Depressive Personality Disorder (DPD), Dysthymia, and depression were assessed for their distinctive relationship with perfectionism. Results from both studies found that self-reported DPD, Dysthymia, and depressive symptoms were all intercorrelated, and that DPD, Dysthymia, and depressive symptoms were correlated with three dimensions of perfectionism—Concern over Mistakes, Doubts about Actions, and Parental Criticism. In the nonclinical sample, variance in measures of DPD was predicted by measures of perfectionism after controlling for depression and Dysthymia symptoms. A similar pattern of findings was observed in the primary care sample. This relationship with perfectionism did not occur when Dysthymia or depressive symptoms were predicted. Nevertheless, much of the variance in measures of DPD, Dysthymia, and depressive symptoms is associated with each other and not perfectionism. It is concluded that a common factor or set of factors underlies these disorders, but that DPD may be more strongly related to perfectionism than Dysthymia and depression. As a common factor(s) is identified, measures of DPD and Dysthymia may be refined, thereby increasing the discriminant validity of their measures. Depression and Anxiety 0:1–11. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Origin of Cancer: Founder Clones

The idea of a clonal origin of cancer is not new. But, to demonstrate this idea in relevant human cases is significant. Although they implied it, the authors did not address the phenotype of the founding clone. They cautiously mentioned that the founding clone must have retained the capacity for self-renewal. Whether the founding clone possesses “stemness” features and therefore, represents a cancer stem cell is unknown. Further, it remains unclear, whether the founding clone originates from disparate cells in a stem-cell hierarchy that give rise to different diseases with distinct clinical outcomes (e.g. UPN461282 and UPN266395 have survival times of 67 and 11 months from diagnosis, respectively). The stem-cell theory of cancers [2] could account for the apparent paradox that malignancies with worse clinical outcome have fewer mutations (6.7% versus 37.8%); their inherent stemness obviates the need to acquire more mutations to become malignant, because many stemness properties are also potential malignant characteristics.
On the Significance of Cross-Bridges Between Microtubules and Synaptic Vesicles

Observations on the fine structure of synaptic and non-synaptic axoplasm in the spinal cord of the lamprey ammocoete (Petromyzon marinus) are described. Previous studies on this material revealed a close association between spherical vesicles and axoplasmic microtubules near central synapses, and observations were consistent with the suggestion that synaptic vesicles become detached from oriented microtubules in the focal clusters adjoining the presynaptic membrane across which transmitter release takes place. These observations have been extended to include axons containing non-spherical or ellipsoidal vesicles-possibly containing a transmitter chemically and functionally distinct from that in spherical synaptic vesicles. Structural cross-bridges between both microtubules and vesicle populations are now described; these are found not only in the vesicle concentrations bordering synaptic foci, but also in non-synaptic axoplasmic regions where sparsely distributed vesicles are found in association with microtubules. It is suggested that the bridging between vesicles and microtubules may reflect a mechanism for transport of the former-a possibility in accord with cumulative evidence of involvement of microtubules in rapid intracellular translocation in a variety of cells. It is proposed that arrival of excitation at a synaptic site is not only coupled with transmitter release across the axon plasma membrane, but that events at the cell membrane may in turn be coupled with a means of supplying vesicles to the synaptic locus. This hypothesis suggests that the synapse may rely on distant parts of the neuron, perhaps including the cell body, for materials involved in synaptic transmission.
Genetically Modified Foods: Golden Rice

An interactive classroom exercise for guiding discussions of ethical concerns about agricultural biotechnology.
Evaluation of Cooling Potential and Tool Life in Turning Using Metalworking Fluids Delivered in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide is an industrial byproduct that has been proposed as an alternative metalworking fluid (MWF) carrier with lower environmental impacts and better cooling potential than existing MWFs. This paper investigates the heat removal and tool life effects of rapidly expanding supercritical CO2 (scCO2 )-based MWFs relative to MWFs delivered as a flood of semi-synthetic emulsion or as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) sprays. When cutting both compacted graphite iron (CGI) and titanium, tool wear was most effectively controlled using the scCO2 -based MWF compared with the other MWFs. Analysis in this paper suggests that the performance benefit imparted by rapidly expanding scCO2 appears to be related to both the cooling potential and penetration of the sprays into the cutting zone. High-pressure gas sprays have lower viscosity and higher velocity than conventional MWFs. An experiment in which the spray direction was varied clearly demonstrated the importance of spray penetration in tool wear suppression. The type of gas spray is also a significant factor in tool wear suppression. For instance, a spray of N2 delivered under similar conditions to CO2 effectively reduced tool wear relative to water based fluids, but not as much as CO2 . This result is particularly relevant for MQL sprays which are shown to not cool nearly as effectively as scCO2 MWFs. These results inform development of scCO2 -based MWFs in other machining operations, and provide insight into the optimization of scCO2 MWF delivery.© 2009 ASME
Kansas City and How It Grew, 1822–2011

James R. Shortridge. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012. xiii and 248 pp., photographs, maps. $39.95 cloth (ISBN 97807618828).In Kansas City and How it Grew, 1822–2011, James R. Shortridge ...
Study on the model of multi-agent uncertainty conclusion synthesizingbased on the evidence theory

On the basis of analysis the problem of multi-agent uncertainty conclusion synthesizing, the model of multi-agent uncertainty conclusion synthesizing based on evidence theory was proposed in the paper. The traditional D-S formula was expanded and improved to solve the problem of uncertainty conclusion synthesizing among multi-agents. The model was discussed in the paper.
Comparison of the Nutritional Status and the Acute Inflammatory Reaction between Laparoscopy-assisted Distal Gastrectomy and Conventional Open Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) is gaining wider acceptance as a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer, but the safety, efficacy and clinical benefits of this type of surgery are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LADG) and conventional open distal gastrectomy (CODG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) according to the changes of the postoperative nutritional status and acute inflammatory reaction. Materials and Methods: Eighty seven patients with EGC and who underwent a LADG between March 2006 and May 2009 at Daegu Catholic University Hospital, was enrolled. Over the same period, we enrolled 30 patients who underwent CODG and they were confirmed to have EGC from their pathology. The clinico-pathological features and serologic parameters were evaluated from the medical records and then retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were no differences in the preoperative white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, albumin level, the T4/T8 ratio and the other clinical data between the two groups. The total WBC counts gradually increased and they were significant lower at the and postoperative days in the LADG group than that in the CODG group (P=0.001 and 0.008, respectively). The postoperative CRP levels were significantly lower at postoperative day in the LADG group (P postoperative day in the LADG group compared to that in the CODG group (P=0.003). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the LADG has less of an influence on an acute inflammatory reaction than does CODG. Therefore, it is one of the safe and feasible procedures for the treatment of early gastric cancer.
Investigating Older Adults' Trust, Causal Attributions, and Perception of Capabilities in Robots as a Function of Robot Appearance, Task, and Reliability

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which appearance, task, and reliability of a robot is susceptible to stereotypic thinking. Stereotypes can influence the types of causal attrib...
Introduction: Kairopolitics: The Politics of Realtime

The Introduction asserts that realtime is the temporality of today’s digital capitalism and that as such, the status of the ancient Greek concept of kairos, which has served as a central basis for revolutionary thought from Walter Benjamin through Antonio Negri, is increasingly thrown into question. It explains the etymology of Cairo in Arabic and kairos in Greek, suggesting how between the two, one might arrive at a specifically post-Arab Spring and post-Occupy concept of “kairopolitics”. The argument does not call for a simple reversal or return to a transcendental kronos over an immanent kairos (valorizing chronology over moments of opportunity), but rather of infusing kairos with a more radical approach to both memory and imagination, past and future, than that cultivated by today’s digital capitalism.
Photosynthate Regulation of the Root System Architecture Mediated by the Heterotrimeric G Protein Complex in Arabidopsis

Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While fixed carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this fixed carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
Pharmacodynamic study of the oral hedgehog pathway inhibitor, vismodegib, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Purpose Hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling has been implicated in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and metastatic development and may be upregulated even further in the castration-resistant state. We hypothesized that antagonism of the Hh pathway with vismodegib in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) would result in pathway engagement, inhibition and perhaps induce measurable clinical responses in patients.
Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: Interrelationships of Fabrication, Constitutive Relationships Targeting Performance, and Feedback to Process Control

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers distinct advantages over conventional manufacturing processes including the capability to both build and repair complex part shapes; to integrate and consolidate parts and thus overcome joining concerns; and to locally tailor material compositions as well as properties. Moreover, a variety of fields such as aerospace, military, automotive, and biomedical are employing this manufacturing technique as a way to decrease costs, increase manufacturing agility, and explore novel geometry/functionalities. In order to increase acceptance of AM as a viable processing method, pathways for qualifying both the material and the process need to be developed and, perhaps, standardized. This symposium was designed to serve as a venue for the international AM community—including government, academia, and industry—to define the fundamental interrelationships between feedstock, processing, microstructure, shape, mechanical behavior/materials properties, and function/performance. Eventually, insight into the connections between processing, microstructure, property, and performance will be achieved through experimental observations, theoretical advances, and computational modeling of physical processes. Finally, once this insight matures, AM will be able to move from the realm of making parts to making qualified materials that are certified for use with minimal need for post-fabrication characterization.
Chaos Analysis and Control in Fractional Order Systems Using Fractional Chebyshev Collocation Method

In this paper, fractional Chebyshev collocation method is proposed to study Lyapunov exponents (LEs) and chaos in a fractional order system with nonlinearities. For this purpose, the solution of the fractional order system is discretized by N-degree Gauss-Lobatto-Chebyshev (GLC) polynomials where N is an integer number. Then, the discrete orthogonality relationship for the Chebyshev polynomials is used to obtain the fractional Chebyshev differentiation matrix. The differentiation matrix is then used to convert the nonlinear fractional differential equations to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations with the collocation points as the unknowns. The dominant LE (other than the zero LE) that corresponds to the time dimension is then computed by measuring the exponential rate of the trajectory deviations initiated slightly off the attractor point. The proposed technique is implemented to a damped driven pendulum with fractional order damping and the convergence of the dominant LE is studied versus the number of Chebyshev collocation points. The LE analysis is also verified by studying the system time and frequency responses for different values of the bifurcation parameter. Furthermore, the LE obtained by the proposed method for the analogous integer order system is compared with those obtained by the Jacobian technique and Gruwald-Letnikov approximation. Finally a fractional state feedback controller is designed to control the chaotic system to a desired equilibrium or periodic trajectory such that the error dynamics are time invariant or time periodic, respectively. The numerical example studied is the damped driven pendulum with fractional dampers.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Emerging robotic regions in the United States: insights for regional economic evolution

Despite widespread speculation about the potential economic impacts of robotic technology, there has been little academic research on the topic. One barrier to this research is lack of data about t...
Coupled Bilayer Photonic Crystal Slab Electro-Optic Spatial Light Modulators

We demonstrate here a surface-normal ultracompact Fano resonance electro-optic spatial light modulator employing a stacked photonic crystal membrane capacitor-like structure. Vertically coupled optical resonance near 1.5 μm was observed, and both blue and red spectral shifts were achieved by means of appropriate electrical bias. A 200-MHz modulation bandwidth was obtained on a device with an 80 μm × 80 μm mesa area, while bandwidths in the gigahertz range are expected by shrinking the mesa lateral size down to 20 μm × 20 μm. We fabricated 6 × 6 arrays with different mesa sizes on a silicon-on-insulator platform, illustrating the potential of these devices in vertically integrated photonic technologies and for high-speed spatial light modulations.
Performance of fixed in-car microphone array beamformer under variations in car noise

Microphone array beamforming is being increasingly employed in the automotive industry for the suppression of car noise associated with tire friction, wind, and the vehicle engine. In many cases, this noise can be treated as stationary, facilitating fixed, non-adaptive statistically optimal beamformer implementation. This way, the noise properties can be inferred in highly controlled laboratory conditions, leading to a reliable, predictable, and simple beamforming solution. However, although the driving noise is stationary, its acoustic properties may depend on the type of the road on which the vehicle is traveling, e.g. concrete road versus asphalt or new road versus old. Hence, the performance of a fixed beamformer may suffer in a case where it is applied to a road type that differs from the one for which it was designed. In the current work, we study this effect for the widely used family of Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformers. The results suggest that the negative impact due to the noise mismatch may be significant in certain frequency bands. Nevertheless, a speech recognition experiment carried out on enhanced voice signals demonstrates that interchanging between the road types investigated here has, overall, a relatively mild effect on the recognition performance.
Stopping Fake News

When faced with a state-sponsored fake news campaign propagated over social media, in a process we dub “peer-to-peer propaganda,” a group of volunteer Ukrainian journalistic activists turned fact checking into a counter-propaganda weapon. We document the history of StopFake, describe its work practices, and situate them within the literatures on fact checking and online news practices. Our study of its work practices shows that StopFake employs the online media monitoring characteristic of modern journalism, but rather than imitating new stories it applies media literacy techniques to screen out fake news and inhibit its spread. StopFake evaluates news stories for signs of falsified evidence, such as manipulated or misrepresented images and quotes, whereas traditional fact-checking sites evaluate nuanced political claims but assume the accuracy of reporting. Drawing on work from science studies, we argue that attention of this kind to social processes demonstrates that scholars can acknowledge that narrat...
Quality of paediatric hospice care for children with and without multiple complex chronic conditions

Background: Hospice care for children with multiple complex chronic conditions (MCCC) is complicated given their unique health at the end of life (EOL). Little is known about the quality of the hospice care MCCC children receive and how that might differ from children without MCCC. Objective: To compare the quality of hospice care (i.e., structures, processes, outcomes) between children with and without MCCC. Methods: This retrospective, comparative study used data from the National Home and Hospice Care Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of paediatric hospice patients. The Pearson chi-square and Wald tests for comparisons were used. Results: MCCC children enrolled in hospice care for over 2 months with multiple visits by hospice staff. They had low symptom burden with minimal discontinuity of care at EOL. Children without MCCC had short length of stays in hospice with few visits by nurses and other clinicians. These children had high symptom burden and significant disenrollment fro...
Information Technology Virtual Education: The Corporate Future

Virtual education involves courseware, classroom, and schools delivered to students anywhere, anytime. Information technology (IT) virtual education deals with the subject of information technology itself. Students of information technology are more likely than students of other disciplines to be comfortable with a virtual mode of education, and the need for information technology education in many modes is great. IT companies need to continually renew their employeese and their customerse knowledge of IT. Microsoft, for instance, demonstrates a wide range of virtual-mode IT educational activities. Across universities the IT disciplines are the ones most engaged in virtual mode education. Brokers bring together teachers and students from other organizations. IT education in virtual mode will be increasingly offered by companies, universities, and brokers.
An investigation into an alternative photocatalyst based on CeO2/Al2O3 in dye degradation

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating an alternative catalyst based on CeO2/Al2O3 in methylene blue photodegradation. Samples with 6, 12 and 24 wt% ceria on alumina were synthesized and characterized by BET surface area, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, TEM and point of zero charge. Photocatalyst tests were performed under UV radiation from a mercury lamp and monitored by UV–VIS spectrophotometry. Different pH conditions were evaluated. A first order kinetic model was used for fitting and analyzing experimental data. The sample with the highest CeO2 loading had the highest activity at neutral pH in the methylene blue photodegradation process and reached 93% degradation. Electrons photogenerated in CeO2 and the resulting holes interacted with medium molecules to form radicals that started dye degradation.
Tailoring photoelectrochemical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide nanolayers with porphyrin functionalization

We report a facile interfacial engineering method that can drastically modulate the photoelectrochemical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors. We find that the adsorption of Zn-centred protoporphyrins strongly influences the photocurrent, depending on the relative energy levels of the TMDs against those of the chromophore molecules.
The Hermeneutics of God, the Universe, and Everything

Hermeneutic interpretation entered modern thought as a means of clarifying and resolving apparent incoherencies and contradictions within the scriptures, its potential for determining the meanings of legal, classical, and other texts being soon recognized, and even extended to the discernment of the meanings of plays, paintings, and other artistic and cultural artifacts and performances. And while some argued such meanings were to be ascertained by interpreting them within the contexts in which they appeared, others maintaining that artists’ or authors’ intentions were ultimately authoritative, were forced to concede that these too could only be interpretively derived, often in similar manner. Moreover conflicting interpretations suggest that the concepts which shape our “perceptions” of such matters are relative, while Gestalt psychologists and Ames and his school empirically demonstrated that even our most basic empirical perceptions are interpretations shaped by our pre-conceptions; an insight which clearly undermines the objectivistic pretensions of the natural sciences. The paper concludes, along with Heidegger, that hermeneutic interpretation is central to all epistemological understanding, as indeed it is to our very existence or being as humans.
Written Expression in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Although studies exist measuring the effectiveness of writing interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research assessing the writing skills for this group is sparse. The present study identified differences in the written expression of individuals with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) peers, using variables selected from 13 different studies. Using Pearson Product Moment-correlation the relationship between the quality of research studies and the magnitude of the effect sizes was examined. Findings indicate significant differences in the following components of written expression; length, legibility, handwriting size, speed, spelling, and overall structure, highlighting the need for future research to determine if the characteristics of written expression in individuals with ASD are similar to other struggling writers.
Observed and predicted sensitivities of extreme surface ozone to meteorological drivers in three US cities

Abstract We conduct a case study of observed and simulated maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) ozone (O3) in three US cities for summers during 1996–2005. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of a high resolution atmospheric chemistry model to reproduce observed relationships between meteorology and high or extreme O3. We employ regional coupled chemistry-transport model simulations to make three types of comparisons between simulated and observational data, comparing (1) tails of the O3 response variable, (2) distributions of meteorological predictor variables, and (3) sensitivities of high and extreme O3 to meteorological predictors. This last comparison is made using two methods: quantile regression, for the 0.95 quantile of O3, and tail dependence optimization, which is used to investigate even higher O3 extremes. Across all three locations, we find substantial differences between simulations and observational data in both meteorology and meteorological sensitivities of high and extreme O3.
Environmental Deregulation, Spectacular Racism, and White Nationalism in the Trump Era

This article examines the relationship between racism and environmental deregulation in President Trump’s first year in office. We collected data on all environmental events, such as executive acti...
Costs of Care and Location of Death in Community-Based Pediatric Palliative Care

Abstract Background: Children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) are dying at home with increased frequency, yet the number of studies on the financial feasibility of community-based pediatric ...
Polarization and correct voting in U.S. presidential elections

Abstract Although some political pundits have expressed concern that political polarization has a deleterious effect on voter behavior, others have argued that polarization may actually benefit voters by presenting citizens with clear choices between the two major parties. We take up this question by examining the effects of polarization on the quality of voter decision making in U.S. presidential elections. We find that ideological polarization among elites, along with ideological sorting and affective polarization among voters, all contribute to the probability of citizens’ voting correctly. Furthermore, affective polarization among the citizenry if anything strengthens, not weakens, the influence of political knowledge on voter decision-making. We conclude that to the extent that normative democratic theory supposes that people vote for candidates who share their interests, polarization has had a positive effect on voter decision-making quality, and thus democratic representation, in the United States.
Methionine metabolism in health and cancer: a nexus of diet and precision medicine

Methionine uptake and metabolism is involved in a host of cellular functions including methylation reactions, redox maintenance, polyamine synthesis and coupling to folate metabolism, thus coordinating nucleotide and redox status. Each of these functions has been shown in many contexts to be relevant for cancer pathogenesis. Intriguingly, the levels of methionine obtained from the diet can have a large effect on cellular methionine metabolism. This establishes a link between nutrition and tumour cell metabolism that may allow for tumour-specific metabolic vulnerabilities that can be influenced by diet. Recently, a number of studies have begun to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the interaction between nutrition, methionine metabolism and effects on health and cancer. Methionine uptake and metabolism contributes to cancer pathogenesis through functions in methylation reactions and one-carbon metabolism. This Review discusses methionine metabolism in the context of nutrition and the potential of targeting methionine metabolism in cancer through dietary or pharmacological intervention.
Intragastric Balloon Therapy

Intragastric balloon is a temporary therapy for the management of obesity that involves placing a balloon device either endoscopically or by radiological-guided swallowing process. This chapter includes a review of the FDA-approved devices with technical aspects of placement and removal, patient management, common adverse events, and published outcomes.
Sensitivity of the polyDetect computational pipeline for phylogenetic analyses

Alu elements are powerful phylogenetic markers. The combination of a recently-developed computational pipeline, polyDetect, with high copy number Alu insertions has previously been utilized to help resolve the Papio baboon phylogeny with high statistical support. Here, the polyDetect method was applied to the highly contentious Cebidae phylogeny within New World monkeys (NWM). The polyDetect method relies on conserved homology/identity of short read sequence data among the species being compared to accurately map predicted shared Alu insertions to each unique flanking sequence. The results of this comprehensive assessment indicate that there were insufficient sequence homology/identity stretches in non-repeated DNA sequences among the four Cebidae genera analyzed in this study to make this strategy phylogenetically viable. The ~20 million years of evolutionary divergence of the Cebidae genera has resulted in random sequence decay within the short read data, obscuring potentially orthologous elements in the species tested. These analyses suggest that the polyDetect pipeline is best suited to resolving phylogenies of more recently diverged lineages when high-quality assembled genomes are not available for the taxa of interest.
Analyzing Sensor Quantization Of Raw Images For Visual Slam

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an emerging technology that enables low-power devices with a single camera to perform robotic navigation. However, most visual SLAM algorithms are tuned for images produced through the image sensor processing (ISP) pipeline optimized for highly aesthetic photography. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of varying sensor quantization on RAW images directly from the sensor to save energy for visual SLAM. In particular, we compare linear and logarithmic image quantization and show visual SLAM is robust to the latter. Further, we introduce a new gradient-based image quantization scheme that outperforms logarithmic quantization’s energy savings while preserving accuracy for feature-based visual SLAM algorithms. This work opens a new direction in energy-efficient image sensing for SLAM in the future.
The Elderly and Prison Policy

The article addresses problems and concerns related to the upturn of elderly prisoners in recent years. The authors address end-of-life care in prison and the effect of sentencing guidelines on inmate populations among other concerns.
Analysis of Acoustic Emission Data for Bearings subject to Unbalance

Acoustic Emission (AE) is an effective nondestructive method for investigating the behavior of materials under stress. In recent decades, AE applications in structural health monitoring have been extended to other areas such as rotating machineries and cutting tools. This research investigates the application of acoustic emission data for unbalance analysis and detection in rotary systems. The AE parameter of interest in this study is a discrete variable that covers the significance of count, duration and amplitude of AE signals. A statistical model based on Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression is proposed to handle over-dispersion and excess zeros of the counting data. The ZIP model indicates that faulty bearings can generate more transient wave in the AE waveform. Control charts can easily detect the faulty bearing using the parameters of the ZIP model. Categorical data analysis based on generalized linear models (GLM) is also presented. The results demonstrate the significance of the couple unbalance.
An evaluation of PROMIS health domains in adults with haemophilia: A cross‐sectional study

Introduction The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) provides measures of health status that assess physical, mental and social well-being from the patient perspective. PROMIS measures are used in clinical practice and research across various patient populations but are not yet validated among patients with haemophilia. Aim Evaluate the sensitivity of PROMIS to indicators of haemophilia clinical severity and compare PROMIS measures to those from other PRO instruments. Methods Male adults with haemophilia (n = 115) completed the PROMIS-29 short form which includes 4 questions for each of 7 domains: depression, anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, physical function, pain interference, fatigue and sleep disturbance. Participant responses for each domain were scored on a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 based on the original PROMIS reference sample of US adults. Participants also completed other generic and haemophilia-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires. Results Participants who experienced higher pain and depression levels reported significantly worse health in every PROMIS domain compared with their peers. Those who had recently needed to use crutches, visit an emergency department or were currently unemployed or disabled also reported poor PROMIS scores on most domains. Construct validity was supported by correlations between PROMIS domain scores and domain scores reported using the EQ-5D-5L and Haem-A-QoL. Conclusion The PROMIS instrument provides a potentially valuable tool to evaluate the impact of haemophilia and suggests usefulness in research and clinical practice.
US Nicotine Vaping Product SimSmoke Simulation Model: The Effect of Vaping and Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths.

The public health impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) is subject to a complex set of uncertain transitions between NVP and cigarette use. Instead, we apply an indirect method to gauge the impact of NVP use on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) using the well-established SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Upon validating the model before NVPs were more widely used, we project a No-NVP (i.e., in the absence of NVPs) while controlling for the impact of cigarette-oriented policies. The net impact of NVPs on smoking prevalence is inferred by comparing the projected No-NVP smoking trends to corresponding trends from two US national surveys. Using the TUS-CPS estimates for the period 2012–2018, we estimate that adult smoking prevalence declined in relative terms by 9.7% (95% CI: 7.5–11.7%) for males and 10.7% (95% CI: 9.1–13.0%) for females. Compared to NHIS, smoking prevalence declined by 10.7% (95% CI: 6.8–14.6%) for males and 11.3% (95% CI: 7.4–15.6%) for females. These impacts were confined mainly to ages 18–44. Vaping-related reductions in smoking prevalence were projected to avert nearly 0.4 million SADs between 2012 and 2052. Our analysis indicates that NVP use is associated with substantial reductions in US smoking prevalence among younger adults.
Automatic Tagging of Food Dishes and Its Applications in Social Media

Eating is a social activity, and more so in the age of social media. It is estimated that 69% of millennials take pictures of their food before eating; many of these pictures end up on social media. Automatic recognition of food dishes from these images can be valuable, as it can increase the usability of the social media applications by automatically tagging the food items, and at the same time increase awareness of individuals’ caloric intake. This paper presents a deep learning based approach for automatic recognition of food dishes. Specifically, we explored a set of convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures including the InceptionV3 and Xception architectures. Food-101 and Yummly datasets were used in the analysis. The results reveal that the Xception architecture works the best in classifying food dishes with a test accuracy of 79.66%. Broadly speaking, this highlights the role of the deep neural network technology for the newly emerging research field of Human-Food Interaction (HDI) which capitalizes the ubiquitous nature of technology to promote healthy eating.
Clinical and genetic features of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: the electrophysiology perspective

Abstract Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a disease of the myocardium in which arrhythmia plays a prominent and early role in the absence of causal abnormal loading conditions, ischemia or congenital heart disease. This process can primarily involve the right ventricle as in classical right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), the left ventricle referred to as left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (LD-ACM), or both ventricles (biventricular ACM). Aim of review To review the genetic and molecular basis for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy as well as the various phenotypes, diagnostic criteria, and management from an electrophysiologic standpoint. Key scientific concepts of review ARVC is a disease of the desmosome mediated largely by variants in the PKP2 gene with characteristic early electrocardiographic changes and ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right ventricle. LD-ACM is predominantly caused by mutations in the DSP gene which encodes the desmosomal protein desmoplakin, but may also be mediated by variants in genes encoding non-desmosomal proteins. Diagnostic criteria for both ARVC and LD-ACM and include electrocardographic, cardiac imaging, genetic and personal and familial historical criteria. Management of these conditions from the perspective of the electrophysiologist centers on accurate diagnosis, risk stratification and the prevention and treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and may include treatment with antiarrhythmic medications, catheter-ablation and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. Familial screening is an important part of the management of patients with ACM and consists of clinical and genetic testing, the latter of which should be undertaken in consultation with a team with expertise in cardiovascular genetics.
Synthetic-Aperture Radar

Some of the most striking images of the earth’s surface have been made from aircraft in level flight using radar in a sophisticated modality. The foliage of trees is stripped away and the ridges and gullies of the hard surface are shown in stark relief. For the purpose of topographic survey the technique supersedes airborne stereophotography, which itself had earlier superseded ground survey, in mountainous and forested areas. An example of such an image is shown in Fig. 16-1.
Constitutive Inorganic Pyrophosphatase of Escherichia coli II. NATURE AND BINDING OF ACTIVE SUBSTRATE AND THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM

Abstract A plausible kinetic scheme for interaction of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase with pyrophosphate and its magnesium complexes has been deduced by computer model-fitting procedures. Zero order enzyme velocities were measured in pH 9.1 solutions in which the concentrations of free pyrophosphate, Mg2+pyrophosphate, and (Mg2+)2pyrophosphate were estimated from determined association constants. The resultant data fit well a model in which free pyrophosphate was competitive inhibitor (Ki = 10-7 m), Mg2+pyrophosphate was substrate (Km = 5 x 10-6 m), and (Mg2+)2pyrophosphate was bound (as a competitive inhibitor) relatively weakly if at all. Binding of inorganic tri- and tetrapolyphosphates, also substrates for this enzyme, was estimated by studies of competitive inhibition; their approximate binding constants were 10-5 and 10-4 m, respectively. During enzymatic hydrolysis of these polyphosphates, no free intermediates could be detected. It is concluded that the active site of the enzyme carries one or more positive charges at pH 9.1 and that it is of limited dimensions. A structure for Mg2+pyrophosphate, the active substrate, is proposed wherein the divalent cation closes a stable, 6-membered ring in the complex and restricts rotation about the pyrophosphate phosphoanhydride bonds. If catalytic action entails motion of the enzyme, this fixation could conceivably facilitate hydrolysis of bound substrate.
High quality SOI material produced using isolated silicon epitaxy

Summary form only given. High-quality SOI layers have been produced using isolated silicon epitaxy (ISE) technology, which is based on lateral epitaxy by seeded solidification (LESS) and zone melting recrystallization (ZMR). ISE wafers are manufactured in production volumes and have consistently demonstrated low-defect density ( >
Problems in Water Relations of Plants and Cells

Publisher Summary The importance of water for plant growth is indicated by the fact that the distribution of land plants is more nearly controlled by the availability of water than by any other single environmental factor. Even in temperate, humid climates, crop yield is reduced more often by lack of water than by any other environmental factor. The agricultural and ecological importance of water indicates its important role in the physiological processes of plants. Although a great deal is known about cell structure and cell water relations, the answers to some important questions remain in doubt. The data on the hydraulic conductance of the apoplast and the symplast are inadequate to establish the principal pathway for water movement is across masses of cells. The long held view that turgor pressure is the cause of cell enlargement is being questioned as evidence accumulates that cell enlargement in growing tissue is more closely related to water potential than to turgor pressure.
Second edition of 'The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology' – atlas, website, and Bethesda interobserver reproducibility project

A joint task force of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently completed a 2-year effort to revise the Bethesda System "blue book" atlas and develop a complementary web-based collection of cervical cytology images. The web-based collection of images is housed on the ASC website, which went live on November 5th, 2003; it can be directly accessed at http://www.cytopathology.org/NIH/.
An interacting automata model for network protection

Malicious network activity is rapidly increasing. To understand and engineer countermeasures to network attacks, we have developed cellular automata models of network flow dynamics and associated attacks. We describe the theoretical development of our model and compare it to existing models of network flow based on statistical physics. Using our model, we have found empirical evidence that a link exists between the behavior of a network and its entropy. This paper discusses potential extensions of this work to entropy-based intrusion detection systems (IDS).
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in Women 15 to 29 Years of Age: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Annual Chlamydia trachomatis screening for all women 15 to 29 years of age and selective targeting of those with a history of infection for semiannual screening is very cost-effective. This analysi...
Temperature-Associated Regression of Walleye Dermal Sarcoma Tumors

Abstract A temperature-associated model for tumor regression was established using the virally induced walleye dermal sarcoma (WDS). In one trial, walleyes Stizostedion vitreum received a topical application of a cell-free dermal sarcoma tumor filtrate and were allowed to develop grossly visible tumors at 15°C for 5 months. The walleyes were then randomly placed into one of three temperature treatment groups (10, 15, or 20°C) and grossly examined at monthly intervals for the presence of tumors. The rates of tumor regression (calculated as incidence densities) were compared across groups. The regression of WDS tumors was associated with increased temperature over the course of the 10-month study. The incidence of tumor regression was significantly higher in walleyes held at 15 or 20°C than in those held at 10°C. In another trial (which more closely replicated the temperatures of Oneida Lake, New York, during the early spring, when WDS transmission is thought to occur), tumors were allowed to develop at 10°...
Evidence for orbital-specific electron transfer to oriented haloform molecules.

Beams of hyperthermal K atoms cross beams of the oriented haloforms CF3H, CCl3H, and CBr3H, and transfer of an electron mainly produces K+ and the X- halide ion which are detected in coincidence. As expected, the steric asymmetry of CCl3H and CBr3H is very small and the halogen end is more reactive. However, even though there are three potentially reactive centers on each molecule, the F- ion yield in CF3H is strongly dependent on orientation. At energies close to the threshold for ion-pair formation (∼5.5 eV), H-end attack is more reactive to form F-. As the energy is increased, the more productive end switches, and F-end attack dominates the reactivity. In CF3H near threshold the electron is apparently transferred to the σ*CH antibonding orbital, and small signals are observed from electrons and CF3- ions, indicating “activation” of this orbital. In CCl3H and CBr3H the steric asymmetry is very small, and signals from free electrons and CX3- ions are barely detectable, indicating that the σ*CH antibondin...
Diastereoselective cycloreductions and cycloadditions catalyzed by Co(dpm)(2)-silane (dpm = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate): mechanism and partitioning of hydrometallative versus anion radical pathways.

In the presence of phenylsilane and 5 mol % cobalt(II) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate), aryl-substituted monoenone monoaldehydes and bis(enones) undergo reductive cyclization to afford syn-aldol and anti-Michael products, respectively. For both aldol and Michael cycloreductions, five- and six-membered ring formation occurs in good yield with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Cycloreduction of monoenone monoaldehyde 1a in the presence of d3-phenylsilane reveals incorporation of a single deuterium at the enone β-position as an equimolar mixture of epimers, inferring rapid isomerization of the kinetically formed cobalt enolate prior to cyclization. The deuterated product was characterized by single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis. For bis(enone) substrates, modulation of the silane source enables partitioning of the competitive Michael cycloreduction and [2 + 2] cycloaddition manifolds. A study of para-substituted acetophenone-derived bis(enones) reveals that substrate electronic features...
Photoinduced electron transfer from conducting polymers onto Buckminsterfullerene

Experimental evidence of electron transfer from photo-excited conjugated polymers onto C60 is reported. Photoinduced optical absorption, photoinduced electron spin resonance, and quenching of the photoluminescence in conducting polymers interacting with C60 imply that charge transfer from the excited state of the conducting polymer to C60 occurs on a picosecond time scale. The charge-separated state in composite films is metastable at low temperatures. Rectifying bilayer heterojunctions (diodes) have been fabricated using semiconducting polymers and C60; rectification ratios in the current vs. voltage characteristics exceed 104. When illuminated, the devices act as photodiodes and exhibit photovoltaic response as a result of photoinduced charge separation across the heterojunction interface from the semiconducting polymer (donor) onto the C60 (acceptor). The photodiode and photovoltaic responses are characterized. The results are discussed in terms of opportunities for solar energy conversion, for photodiode detector devices, and for a variety of other applications which use photoinduced intermolecular charge separation.
Evaluation of the retention of castings to endosseous dental implants

Summary Many factors contribute to the success or failure of dental implants. The comparative retentive values of various dental cementing agents and dental implants were examined.