cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized morphea/eosinophilic fasciitis overlap after epoxy exposure.

Generalized morphea is associated with epoxy resin vapors and is characterized by the development of lesions shortly after exposure. Morphea presenting along with eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), or morphea/EF overlap, is rare and an indicator of poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. Here we present a case of generalized morphea/EF overlap linked to epoxy exposure. Our patient received multiple therapies—ultraviolet A1 phototherapy, prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and rituximab—none of which led to a significant response. The refractory nature of this disease warrants vigilance in its association with epoxy exposure.
Biomarkers of Inflammation, Thrombogenesis, and Collagen Turnover in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in the levels of inflammatory, thrombotic, and collagen turnover biomarkers between individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) and healthy volunteers. Circulating plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), CD40-ligand (CD40-L), nucleosomes (which are indicators of cell death), C-reactive protein (CRP), procollagen III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), procollagen III C-terminal propeptide (PIIICP), procollagen I N-terminal propeptide, tissue plasminogen activator, and von Willebrand factor were analyzed as potential biomarkers of AF. Baseline plasma was collected from patients with AF prior to ablation surgery at Loyola University Medical Center. Individuals with AF had statistically significantly increased levels of PAI-1, CD40-L, and nucleosomes, when compared to the normal population ( P < .0001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in the CRP ( P = .01), PIIINP ( P = .04), and PIIICP ( P = .0008) when compared to normal individuals. From this study, it is concluded that the prothrombotic, inflammatory, and collagen turnover biomarkers PAI-1, CD40-L, nucleosomes, CRP, PIIICP, and PIIINP are elevated in AF.
Examining effectiveness and learning in Rwandan policymaking: The varied outcomes of learning from failure in Productive Sector Policies

Rwanda's economic recovery since the genocide is largely associated with the government's effective leadership. This paper questions that narrative, highlighting that failure—rather than consistent effectiveness—is a common feature of productive sector policies in late developing countries and that the Rwandan case is no different. Using three examples where Rwanda's party‐owned investment group (Crystal Ventures Ltd) has been used as a key agent in productive sector policies, the paper finds that outcomes of learning from failure have varied significantly, highlighting some way to go before the government's developmental ambitions are met. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free groups, the calculus of presentations and the method of Reidemeister and Schreier

A homomorphism ϕ : G→ H of a group G into another group H is termed a representation of G. If H is a group of permutations, then ϕ is termed a permutation representation ; if H is a group of matrices over a commutative field, then ϕ is termed a matrix or linear representation (of G). We term a representation faithful if it is one-to-one. We say that a group G acts on a set Y if it comes equipped with a homomorphism ϕ : G→ SY, where SY is the symmetric group on Y, i.e., the group of all permutations of Y.
Women’s Sexual Response

Our concept of what constitutes the normal range of sexual desire is highly subjective, in contrast with our concept of normalcy with respect to genital functioning. Erections and orgasms can be observed objectively and therefore can be accurately described and defined, but our data regarding normalcy of libido in men and women are incomplete and largely anecdotal. However, there is a sense of the normal range of sexual interest, and while there is confusion in borderline situations, professional consensus does exist—at least in a general way—regarding the extreme and clearly pathological deviations from the norm. For example, most clinicians would agree that a married woman of 39 who never feels sexual desire, is attracted neither to her husband nor to anyone else, and never fantasizes or masturbates has an abnormally low libido. A history of significant change in libido also suggests that desire has become pathologically low and is not simply low normal (Kaplan, 1977).
Age and size structure in predator and prey populations

For the sake of convenience we commonly treat populations as though they were homogeneous units, comprised of genetically identical, even-aged organisms having indistinguishable developmental histories. Since such a practice is, with few exceptions, an offense against nature, we ought to devote attention to the effects of relaxing this assumption. The influence of genetic variation upon the predatory process is taken up in Chapter 11. Here I address the effects of variation in age and size in both predator and prey populations.
The prognostic significance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) in patients with leukemias and malignant lymphomas.

Since the first report of elevated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity in leukemic cells from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)1, TdT has become one of the most widely studied phenotypic markers in hematopoietic neoplasias2–8.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY AND HOW TO FIND THEM

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the differential equations in physiology and the way to find them. Physiological systems are control systems, and control signals are either neural signals or hormones that are distributed via the circulation. Neural signals are transmitted at relatively slow speeds introducing time lags in the fraction of a second range and hormonal signals are transmitted via the circulation giving time lags in the fraction of a minute range. In a more general sense, biological systems are history dependent and are not fully described by the present state and an equation of motion that depends on the current state of the system. The model of the medulla of the kidney is a typical example of the sorts of problems that arise in the biological sciences. The important criterion of performance for the model is the proper behavior for a range of different boundary conditions and for a number of values of those parameters that can be clanged in the real world analog of the model. Therefore, in the most general sense, one expects not only differential-difference equations but differential-integral equations in which the effects of both the recent and the remote past may appear.
Methods for Nonhomogeneous Slopes

The application of earth pressure theory can be illustrated by the simple example shown in Fig. 12.1. By assuming the active force, P A , and the passive force, P p as horizontal, it can be easily proved by Rankine’s or Couloumb’s theory that the failure plane inclines at an angle of 45° + o/2 for the active wedge and 45° − o/2 for the passive wedge. From basic soil mechanics $${{P}_{A}}\,=\,\frac{1}{2}\,\gamma \,\mathop{H}_{A}^{2}\,{{\tan }^{2}}\,\left( 45{}^\circ \,-\,\frac{\phi }{2} \right)\,-\,2c{{H}_{A}}\,\tan \,\left( 45{}^\circ \,-\,\frac{\phi }{2} \right)$$ (12.1) $${{P}_{P}}\,=\,\frac{1}{2}\,\gamma \,\mathop{H}_{P}^{2}\,{{\tan }^{2}}\,\left( 45{}^\circ \,-\,\frac{\phi }{2} \right)\,-\,2c{{H}_{P}}\,\tan \,\left( 45{}^\circ \,-\,\frac{\phi }{2} \right)$$ (12.2) in which H A and H p are the height of active and passive wedges, respectively. The factor of safety can be determined by $$F\,=\,\frac{cl\,+\,W\,\tan \,\phi }{{{P}_{A\,}}\,-\,{{P}_{P\,}}}$$ (12.3) in which l is the length of failure surface at middle block, and W is the weight of middle block.
Use of portable XRF: Effect of thickness and antecedent moisture of soils on measured concentration of trace elements

Abstract The use of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) for rapid measurements of concentrations of trace elements in soils is increasing. The purpose of this study was to assess in a systematic way the influence of soil moisture and sample thickness on concentrations of Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb in a mixture of glass beads as well as Windsor loamy sand and Webster loam soils. The Windsor soil was collected from near Lebanon, NH, and the Webster soil was sampled from Story County, IA. In this context, the efficacy of the Compton Normalization (CN) calibration method to correct for changes in soil moisture was determined. Despite CN calibration, an inverse correlation between PXRF measured concentrations and soil moisture was observed. The magnitude of this effect depends upon the energy of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence of each element, with those emitting lower energy X-ray fluorescence being more greatly influenced. Moisture contents ranging from 0.09 to 0.26 cm3 cm−3 were found to generate trace element concentrations with no statistical difference, with significantly lower concentrations reported at greater moisture contents. In addition, measured concentrations of each trace element increased with increasing sample thickness until a constant measured concentration was attained, which was also correlated with the energy of the characteristic X-ray fluorescence of the corresponding trace element. Ni, with the lowest energy fluorescence, obtained constant measured concentration at 3 mm for all matrices, whereas a sample thickness of up to 10 mm was needed for Cd. In order to account for energy differences across a range of trace elements and matrices, the use of PXRF should be limited to soil samples having a thickness of at least 10 mm.
Cryptogenic adrenal infarction: a rare case of unilateral adrenal infarction in a pregnant woman

Adrenal infarction is a rare event, especially in pregnancy. The diagnosis is challenging because patients present with acute abdomen and initial workup are usually unrevealing. We present a case of unilateral adrenal infarction in a pregnant young woman without any other causes of thrombophilia, who presented with acute abdominal pain and an unremarkable initial workup. MRI and contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a non-haemorrhagic infarct of the right adrenal gland. Our case highlights the importance of considering this rare diagnosis in the differential for a pregnant woman with acute abdomen without any obvious surgical cause.
Interleukin-1β induces mtDNA release to activate innate immune signaling via cGAS-STING

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic mediator of inflammation and is produced in response to a wide range of stimuli. During infection, IL-1β production occurs in parallel with the onset of innate antimicrobial defenses, but the contribution of IL-1β signaling to cell-intrinsic immunity is not defined. Here, we report that exogenous IL-1β induces interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation in human myeloid, fibroblast, and epithelial cells. IRF3 activation by IL-1β is dependent upon the DNA-sensing pathway adaptor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), through the recognition of cytosolic mtDNA by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS). IL-1β treatment results in interferon (IFN) production and activation of IFN signaling to direct a potent innate immune response that restricts dengue virus infection. This study identifies a new function for IL-1β in the onset or enhancement of cell-intrinsic immunity, with important implications for cGAS-STING in integrating inflammatory and microbial cues for host defense.
Daucus: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Distribution

Cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is the most important member in the Apiaceae family in terms of economy and nutrition and is considered the second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. Despite its global importance, the systematics of Daucus remains under active revision at the species, genus, and subtribal levels. The phylogenetic relationships among the species of Daucus and close relatives in the Apioideae have been clarified recently by a series of molecular studies using DNA sequences of the plastid genes rbcL and matK; plastid introns rpl16, rps16, rpoC1; nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences; and plastid DNA restriction sites. Of these DNA markers, the ITS region consisting of ITS1, the intervening spacer, and ITS2 has served as the main marker used. Recently, next-generation DNA sequencing methodologies have been used. We review these techniques and how they are impacting the taxonomy of the genus Daucus.
Assessment of a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion using movement between vertebrae: a modification of the palpation exam for quantifying fusions.

Background: Manual palpation of rabbit spine levels has been used to assess fusion status. This method of testing is subject to inter-observer differences in assessment. We attempted to quantify fusion based on the amount of movement between rabbit vertebrae at the level of fusion. Methods: Rabbits were divided into three groups. The first underwent a sham surgery; the second underwent a unilateral spinal fusion; and the third underwent a bilateral spinal fusion. All groups were sacrificed at either 5- or 10-week post-procedure. Each spine was tested for fusion using standard manual palpation techniques. The spines were also placed on a specially designed apparatus and moved through 10°, 20°, and 30° of extension/flexion. Results: Out of 10 rabbits, 2 underwent sham surgery, 2 underwent a fusion procedure at L4–L5 and 6 underwent a fusion at L5–L6. We only included rabbits that underwent a L5–L6 fusion surgery. Our apparatus did not always rotate the spine the intended amount with up to 30% error. When rabbits graded as fused were compared to sham rabbits, there was a trend towards reduction in percent of overall measured angle within the fused group as compared to the sham group (8.77% vs . 13.84%, P=0.14). Conclusions: Our model attempted to quantify the amount of displacement between vertebrae during the manual palpation exam. There is a trend towards reduced measured angle between vertebrae between fused and non-fused spines and no statistically significant difference in overall measured angle between unilaterally and bilaterally fused spines.
Automated sleep stage scoring of the Sleep Heart Health Study using deep neural networks

Study objectives Polysomnography (PSG) scoring is labor intensive and suffers from variability in inter- and intra-rater reliability. Automated PSG scoring has the potential to reduce the human labor costs and the variability inherent to this task. Deep learning is a form of machine learning that uses neural networks to recognize data patterns by inspecting many examples rather than by following explicit programming. Methods A sleep staging classifier trained using deep learning methods scored PSG data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). The training set was composed of 42 560 hours of PSG data from 5213 patients. To capture higher-order data, spectrograms were generated from electroencephalography, electrooculography, and electromyography data and then passed to the neural network. A holdout set of 580 PSGs not included in the training set was used to assess model accuracy and discrimination via weighted F1-score, per-stage accuracy, and Cohen's kappa (K). Results The optimal neural network model was composed of spectrograms in the input layer feeding into convolutional neural network layers and a long short-term memory layer to achieve a weighted F1-score of 0.87 and K = 0.82. Conclusions The deep learning sleep stage classifier demonstrates excellent accuracy and agreement with expert sleep stage scoring, outperforming human agreement on sleep staging. It achieves comparable or better F1-scores, accuracy, and Cohen's kappa compared to literature for automated sleep stage scoring of PSG epochs. Accurate automated scoring of other PSG events may eventually allow for fully automated PSG scoring.
Do Targeted Business Subsidies Improve Income and Reduce Poverty? A Synthetic Control Approach:

Interstate competition for economic development has led many states to adopt targeted economic development incentive programs known as deal-closing funds. Deal-closing funds allow state officials t...
A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction:

Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do some people who use drugs seem to eventually become unable to resist drug temptation and so become "addicted"? We will review the theories of addiction that address negative-reinforcement views of drug use (i.e., taking opioids to alleviate distress or withdrawal), positive-reinforcement views (i.e., taking drugs for euphoria), habit views (i.e., growth of automatic drug-use routines), incentive-sensitization views (i.e., growth of excessive "wanting" to take drugs as a result of dopamine-related sensitization), and cognitive-dysfunction views (i.e., impaired prefrontal top-down control), including those involving competing neurobehavioral decision systems (CNDS), and the role of the insula in modulating addictive drug craving. In the special case of opioids, particular attention is paid to whether their analgesic effects overlap with their reinforcing effects and whether the perceived low risk of taking legal medicinal opioids, which are often prescribed by a health professional, could play a role in the decision to use. Specifically, we will address the issue of predisposition or vulnerability to becoming addicted to drugs (i.e., the question of why some people who experiment with drugs develop an addiction, while others do not). Finally, we review attempts to develop novel therapeutic strategies and policy ideas that could help prevent opioid and other substance abuse.
Losartan-induced Pancreatitis.

Drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) is a rare gastrointestinal condition but well-known in the medical literature. The medications have been classified into four subgroups (Classes I-IV) depending upon the propensity of the cases discussed in the literature, interval time period between drug initiation to pancreatitis, and reaction to the drug with reintroduction. Our clinical case is one such example where losartan was described as the agent of recurrent pancreatitis after excluding all other possible causes with laboratory and imaging studies.
Light Environmentalists and Quiet Activism: Identity Alignment among Participants in Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Programs

The environmental movement has seen declining political activism over the last 20 years, while engagement in nonpolitical conservation behaviors has increased (e.g., recycling, carrying reusable sh...
Surgical treatment for growing skull fracture in infants

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of infants growing skull fracture.Methods A retrospective study of 12 cases of infants under 3 years of age of growing skull fracture from 2008 September to 2013 December was performed.Results Five cases were treated with dural repair by artificial dura tendon and autologous bone flap molding shift.The growing skull fracture was healed within three months.The other 4 cases were treated with artificial dura tendon only for dural repair.The results were also satisfactory,but the bone healing time was long.The remaining 3 cases were lost during the followup period.Conclusion When the skull fracture line width was increased and/or dural breakage or brain hernia was found from the observation of dynamic CT/MRI,early surgical intervention should be performed to remove the necrotic foci,repair the dura,and use autogenous bone flap molding shift to fix the fracture,to accelerate the growth and healing of the fracture. Key words: Infants; Growing skull fracture; Autologous bone flap molding
Interest Rate Momentum Everywhere Across Global Yield Curves

This paper explores time series momentum in interest rates across developed and emerging market countries and various interest rate maturities. With a one-year lookback window, almost all countries in our sample of G10 developed countries and 18 emerging market countries strategies have statistically significant positive time series momentum strategy returns. Shorter tenor (2-year) interest rate swaps have greater momentum returns compared to longer tenor (5-year and 10-year) interest rate swaps which arguably is a result of investor underreaction to monetary policy cycles. A significantly greater share of the positive momentum returns across all tenors comes from falling rate environments versus rising rate environments as a result of the secular decline in interest rates in recent decades. This suggests that if low interest rates continue to persist, future interest rate time series momentum strategy returns could be lower.
Psychological stress in heart failure: a potentially actionable disease modifier

Psychological stress is common in patients with heart failure, due in part to the complexities of effective disease self-management and progressively worsening functional limitations, including frequent symptom exacerbations and hospitalizations. Emerging evidence suggests that heart failure patients who experience higher levels of stress may have a more burdensome disease course, with diminished quality of life and increased risk for adverse events, and that multiple behavioral and pathophysiological pathways are involved. Furthermore, the reduced quality of life associated with heart failure can serve as a life stressor for many patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of the science concerning psychological stress in patients with heart failure and to discuss potential pathways responsible for the observed effects. Key knowledge gaps are also outlined, including the need to understand patterns of exposure to various heart failure-related and daily life stressors and their associated effects on heart failure symptoms and pathophysiology, to identify patient subgroups at increased risk for stress exposure and disease-related consequences, and the effect of stress specifically for patients who have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Stress is a potentially modifiable factor, and addressing these gaps and advancing the science of stress in heart failure is likely to yield important insights about actionable pathways for improving patient quality of life and outcomes.
Substance use disorders

Abstract This chapter introduces substance use disorders (SUD) and their population- and patient-level consequences. It starts by presenting a high-level overview of the spectrum of substance use from abstinence to addiction and presents SUD as a chronic medical condition that can be treated effectively. The chapter provides an overview of important terminology, nonstigmatizing language, discusses the process of recovery, and details evidence-based strategies for effectively addressing SUD at the patient and population level. Although the chapter explores SUD in general, it takes a deeper dive into alcohol and opioid use disorder explaining their specific implications and detailing evidence-based treatment strategies for each. At the end of the chapter the pharmacists’ role in addressing SUDs, as well as their ability to engage in different harm reduction strategies, is discussed.
A scheduler-sensitive global register allocator

Compile-time reordering of machine-level instructions has been very successful at achieving large increases in performance of programs on machines offering fine-grained parallelism. However, because of the interdependences between instruction scheduling and register allocation, it is not clear which of these two phases of the compiler should run first to generate the most efficient final code. The authors describe their investigation into slight modifications to key phases of a successful global register allocator to create a scheduler-sensitive register allocator, which is then followed by an off-the-shelf instruction scheduler. These experimental studies reveal that this approach achieves speedups comparable and increasingly better than previous cooperative approaches with an increasing number of available registers without the complexities of the previous approaches.
Children’s emerging receptive, positive orientation toward their parents in the network of early attachment relationships

Early security plays a major role in inaugurating the child’s receptive, positive orientation – a foundation for cooperative parent-child relationships and successful socialization. However, few st...
Adjunctive Parental Support Within Manualized Parent Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Parent training is a central focus of behavioral intervention, with emphasis on teaching parents to become change agents for their children by using behavioral management skills. However, its effectiveness is limited by a parent’s ability to engage in the learning process. Parents managing external stressors, psychopathology, or poverty often do not gain the skills and thus, the treatment may minimally impacts parent and child behavior. In order to increase a parent’s ability to acquire and implement new skills accurately, referred to as parent treatment integrity, the current study added a parent-support component to the RUBI Autism Network’s Parent Training for Disruptive Behaviors protocol. The parent-support component was intended to remove barriers to skill acquisition during the parent training session by alleviating some of the interfering parental stress. In an alternating treatments design, a community-based sample of five parent-child dyads (average age of child = 32 months) participated in the parent-training protocol; half of the intervention sessions included a 15-min parent-support component. The addition of the parent-support component increased parent engagement, treatment integrity, and learned parenting skills, like parent praise. Results support a model of change for parenting behavior. Inclusion of a parent-support component is supported as an effective practice for parent training.
Time between diagnosis and achievement of virologic suppression in people living with HIV.

PURPOSE Data support the individual and public health advantages of shortened time intervals between HIV diagnosis, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and virologic suppression. The time from HIV diagnosis to linkage to care, initiation of ART, and virologic suppression was evaluated in newly diagnosed, ART-naive individuals after structured programmatic changes were implemented to reduce time to virologic suppression (TVS). METHODS The retrospective cohort included newly diagnosed, ART-naive adult patients receiving care in a Midwestern Ryan White Clinic. Study periods were between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015 (delayed treatment group) and January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017 (rapid treatment group). Changes during the intervention time period were related to access to care and ART. The primary outcome of time from HIV diagnosis to virologic suppression was compared between the groups. Secondary outcomes included the time from diagnosis to linkage to care and the time to initiation of ART. RESULTS Twenty-four and 35 individuals were included in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Median (interquartile range) time from diagnosis to viral suppression was 137 (77-318) days in the delayed treatment group vs 76.5 (51-151) days in the rapid treatment group (P = 0.021). Time from diagnosis to first clinic visit remained similar (median of 13.5 vs 15 days, P = 0.859), while time from first clinic visit to initiation of ART decreased significantly (median of 15 vs 0 days, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Time from first clinic visit to ART initiation was significantly shortened in this intervention and was the driving force to decreasing TVS. Additional research into barriers impacting time from diagnosis to linkage to care are needed to further shorten TVS.
Related-Party Sales Can Produce Unexpected Tax Results

Sales of appreciated property to a closely held business can result in extremely harsh income tax consequences to a related seller. Gain may be recharacterized from capital gain to ordinary income, and the use of the installment method to defer gain recognition may be disallowed. Even if the installment method can be used, nondeductible interest charges may be due on the deferred portion of the gain. For property that has depreciated in value, the sale to a related person may result in the loss being disallowed to the related seller. Like-kind exchange treatment also can be denied between related persons if the parties to the exchange do not hold the exchanged properties for a sufficient period following the exchange. Tax advisors absolutely must take these income tax consequences into consideration when advising clients on structuring transactions between owners and their closely held businesses or between other related persons. Failure to consider the effect of these provisions can have far-reaching adverse income tax consequences for the parties involved.
Mortality trends for five species of macropods from a single institution from 1995 to 2016.

Macropods are commonly kept and exhibited species worldwide. Mortality records were reviewed for five species of macropods housed at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo from 1995 to 2016. One hundred sixty-seven deaths occurred including Western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) (n = 22), Bennett's wallaby (M. rufogriseus) (n = 64), red kangaroo (M. rufus) (n = 56), wallaroo (M. robustus) (n = 9), and Tammar wallaby (M. eugenii) (n = 16). The leading cause of death was trauma, followed by bronchopneumonia for all species. Gastric dilatation was identified as a concern for red kangaroo. Females lived longer than males across species and were overrepresented by the data set. Oral necrobacillosis and osteomyelitis were health concerns for macropods in this review. Mortality reviews are important as they identifying collection trends and influencing long-term care.
10.04 A library of novel cancer testis specific T-cell receptors for T-cell receptor gene therapy

Background The positive clinical effect of T-cell receptor(TCR) gene therapy on tumor regression has previously been demonstrated by NY-ESO-1 TCR-gene therapy. To seriously increase the number of cancer patients that can be treated with TCR-gene therapy we aim to identify a novel set of high-affinity Cancer Testis (CT) specific TCRs targeting different CT-antigens in a variety of prevalent HLA-class I alleles. Materials and Methods In this study, we selected by bioinformatic tools the most promising CT-genes to target, and from these genes we identified by HLA-peptidomics the naturally processed and presented HLA-class I peptides. With these peptides HLA-tetramers were generated, and by MACS enrichment and single cell sorting CT-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were selected from the allo-HLA repertoire of healthy donors. By performing several different functional assays the high function avidity CT-clones with a safe recognition pattern were selected. To evaluate the potential for clinical application in TCR-gene therapy, TCRs were sequenced, and transferred into peripheral blood derived CD8+ T cells. Results In total we identified, 7 novel CT-specific TCRs that effectively target MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A6 and MAGE-A9 expressing tumors cells in the context of HLA-A1, -A2, -A3, -B7, -C7 and -B35. Conclusions With this set of 7 novel CT-specific TCRs we expand the arsenal of tumor specific TCRs. With this expanding library of TCRs it would be possible to select in future for each cancer patient, based on HLA typing and gene expression, a useful TCR to generate a personalized TCR-gene therapy products. In addition, patients could be treated with multiple TCRs to enhance the efficacy and increase the durability of clinical responses by reducing the likelihood of tumor escape. Disclosure Information M.A.J. de Rooij: None. D.M. Steen: None. D. Remst: None. A. Wouters: None. M.G.D. Kester: None. R.S. Hagedoorn: None. P.A. van Veelen: None. E.M.E. Verdegaal: None. J.H.F. Falkenburg: None. M.H.M. Heemskerk: None.
The Partnership Mystique: Law Firm Finance and Governance for the 21st Century American Law Firm

This article identifies and analyzes the de facto and de jure end of lawyers’ exclusivity over the practice of law in the United States. This development will have profound implications for the legal profession, the careers of individual lawyers, and the justice system as a whole. First, the article argues that various financial products that have recently flooded the legal market are functionally equivalent to investing in and owning law firm and create all the same governance challenges as does allowing nonlawyers to directly own stock in law firms. Second, the article analyzes Arizona’s groundbreaking legalization of nonlawyer participation in law firms, effective January 1, 2021, and the effects it will have nationally. Third, the article explains that the drawbacks of liberalizing the practice of law are rooted in the conception of shareholder primacy, a bedrock principle of corporate law. This principle would encourage lawyers to prioritize profit-maximization for the benefit of their investors over the interests of clients and the courts. Fourth, despite the apparent dangers there are reasons to celebrate the end of the era of the legal practice as the exclusive purview of lawyers. Lawyers’ monopoly hinders inclusion and diversity and, counterintuitively, undermines practitioners’ dignity and wellbeing. Fifth, the apparent dangers of liberalization can be avoided if states follow Arizona in allowing nonlawyer participation in the practice of law but condition it on organization as an Alternative Business Structure with certain professional responsibilities. More specifically, the Article proposes a type of ‘benefit entity,’ which I call ‘legal benefit entity’ (“LBE”). LBEs will be required to privilege the interests of clients and the courts over those of investors. The final part explains what an LBE should look like.
A Quantitative Diffuse Reflectance Imaging (QDRI) System for Comprehensive Surveillance of the Morphological Landscape in Breast Tumor Margins.

In an ongoing effort to address the clear clinical unmet needs surrounding breast conserving surgery (BCS), our group has developed a next-generation multiplexed optical-fiber-based tool to assess breast tumor margin status during initial surgeries. Specifically detailed in this work is the performance and clinical validation of a research-grade intra-operative tool for margin assessment based on diffuse optical spectroscopy. Previous work published by our group has illustrated the proof-of-concept generations of this device; here we incorporate a highly optimized quantitative diffuse reflectance imaging (QDRI) system utilizing a wide-field (imaging area = 17cm2) 49-channel multiplexed fiber optic probe, a custom raster-scanning imaging platform, a custom dual-channel white LED source, and an astronomy grade imaging CCD and spectrograph. The system signal to noise ratio (SNR) was found to be greater than 40dB for all channels. Optical property estimation error was found to be less than 10%, on average, over a wide range of absorption (μa = 0–8.9cm-1) and scattering (μs’ = 7.0–9.7cm-1) coefficients. Very low inter-channel and CCD crosstalk was observed (2% max) when used on turbid media (including breast tissue). A raster-scanning mechanism was developed to achieve sub-pixel resolution and was found to be optimally performed at an upsample factor of 8, affording 0.75mm spatially resolved diffuse reflectance images (λ = 450–600nm) of an entire margin (area = 17cm2) in 13.8 minutes (1.23cm2/min). Moreover, controlled pressure application at the probe-tissue interface afforded by the imaging platform reduces repeated scan variability, providing <1% variation across repeated scans of clinical specimens. We demonstrate the clinical utility of this device through a pilot 20-patient study of high-resolution optical parameter maps of the ratio of the β-carotene concentration to the reduced scattering coefficient. An empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) analysis is used to reduce optical property maps to quantitative distributions representing the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins. The optimizations presented in this work provide an avenue to rapidly survey large tissue areas on intra-operative time scales with improved sensitivity to regions of focal disease that may otherwise be overlooked.
Chapter 9 Hormonal Modulation of Epithelial Structure

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses recent examples stemming from the hormonal modulation of epithelial structure. The hormones vasopressin and aldosterone are physiologically important and dramatically alter the transport properties of certain epithelia. Structural analysis can raise issues and often provides intriguing clues into possible physiological mechanisms, but it is much more difficult to test hypotheses concerning translocation meaningfully to resolve these issues. The structural observations suggest that the cell types of collecting tubules may be functionally specialized with respect to potassium and possibly hydrogen ion handling. There may well be other functional differences among the cell types including different hormone sensitivities. The presence of functionally specialized cell types within the same epithelium may also make possible functional cooperation among different cell types. However, much more work is required to clarify the functional significance of the different cell types found in the collecting tubule.
Kinetic pulse-chase labeling study of the glucocorticoid receptor in mouse lymphoma cells. Effect of glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid hormones on intracellular receptor half-life.

Abstract A kinetic pulse-chase labeling technique was used to measure the intracellular half-life of the glucocorticoid receptor in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. Cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine for 30 min and then cultured in the presence of unlabeled methionine (chase). Labeled receptors were quantitated at periodic time points during the chase by immunoadsorption to protein A-Sepharose using the BuGR2 monoclonal antireceptor antibody. The decay of labeled receptors during the chase was linear on a semilog plot, consistent with first order kinetics. Receptor half-life was 9 h when cells were cultured in either phenol red-containing medium supplemented with fetal calf serum or in phenol red free-medium supplemented with charcoal extracted serum, indicating that endogenous steroids do not affect receptor half-life. Receptor half-life was also unchanged when cells were cultured in the presence of 0.1 microM dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid hormone, or 0.1 microM RU486 (11 beta-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-(propynylestra-4,9- diene-3-one), an antiglucocorticoid hormone. We conclude that the intracellular half-life of the glucocorticoid receptor in S49 mouse lymphoma cells is not regulated by either glucocorticoid or antiglucocorticoid hormones.
A cytological and chemical analysis of the bacterial nucleus. II. A study of the cytochemical changes involved during the isolation of bacterial nuclear material by means of bile salts and high-frequency sound waves.

Abstract A method for the isolation of bacterial nuclei has been described. The use of sodium glycocholate to clear the cells, makes them more susceptible to breakup by sonic waves. By using filtration and differential centrifugation, it is possible to isolate an intact nuclear structure. The chemical aspects of the isolation procedure are discussed, and it is believed that the methods used do not cause a depolymerization of the nuclear material, and that by carefully controlling the process, there are minimal losses of vital components from the cell. The isolated structures take up recognized nuclear stains, and are identical to those seen in whole cells.
Mutual diffusion coefficients, electrical conductances, osmotic coefficients, and ionic transport coefficientsl ij for aqueous CuSO4 at 25°C

Experimental thermodynamic and transport data are presented for aqueous CuSO4 solution at 25°C from low concentrations to near saturation. Included are diffusion coefficients (Rayleigh interferometry), electrical conductances (DC method), and osmotic coefficients (isopiestic). These data and corresponding literature data are critically compared, as are literature density data. The resulting best values, together with previously compared transference number results, provide an extensive set of critically reviewed data for aqueous CuSO4. Onsager coefficientsl ij have been calculated for this salt and are compared with data for other valence types.
Determination of alpha_s(M_Z^2) from hadronic event shape observables in e+e- annihilation

The determination of alpha_s(M_Z^2) using O(alpha_s^2) calculations of hadronic event observables in e+e- annihilation is reviewed. The large scatter among alpha_s(M_Z^2) values determined from different observables may be interpreted as arising from the effect of uncalculated higher-order contributions. The application of `optimised' perturbation theory and Pade approximants in an attempt to reduce this effect is discussed.
The Mexican Image through Southern Eyes: De Bow's Review in the Era of Manifest Destiny

De Bow's Review was the leading magazine of the South during the antebellum period. This historical study examines the journal's meaning-making about Mexicans and reveals how the magazine, as the principal voice of the section's plantation, commercial, banking, and mining interests, promoted the image of a broken, degenerate Mexico and proclaimed that only the “Anglo-Saxon race” was capable of bringing progress amid the American project of empire-building. Though Mexicans’ racial status was unresolved in the 1840s, De Bow's Review correspondents later assigned to them the status of non-masters unfit to self-govern and, therefore, fit only to serve and to be ruled by their Anglo-American conquerors. The context of the correspondents’ claims of Mexican inferiority suggests that they simultaneously engaged in an unspoken struggle to differentiate the South from the North by defining Mexican inferiority in relation to Southern values of bravery, honor, and dominance.
Blast Mitigation Seat Analysis: Assessment of the Effect of Personal Protective Equipment on the 5th Percentile Female Anthropomorphic Test Device Performance in Drop Tower Evaluations

To address the lack of knowledge on the quantitative effects of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on the small occupant, 55 drop tower tests were conducted and the resulting responses were evaluated. A previous technical publication evaluated the results of drop tower testing of twelve models of blast energy-attenuating seats1. That study assessed the data recorded from three sizes of anthropomorphic test devices, or ATDs, including the Hybrid III 5th percentile female, the Hybrid III 50th percentile male, and the Hybrid III 95th percentile male. The forces, moments, and accelerations from the ATDs were compared to Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) to validate the drop tower methodology and to evaluate the appropriateness of the IARVs developed for the three occupant sizes. The data review revealed that the maximum lumbar compression loads recorded by the ATDs was an effective “go/no-go” criteria for judging seat performance, and that the 5th percentile female ATD, or small occupant, was the most difficult to pass the corresponding lumbar compression IARV. Additionally, the 5th percentile female ATD exceeded its corresponding IARV for upper neck compression, leading to the motivation for this study; the data set from the previous technical publication was used in this study.Historically, blast mitigation seats are designed to accommodate the average sized occupant, or 50th percentile male. Moving forward, there is a new emphasis on extending the protection afforded to the full military population, including the small female. The data presented in this paper seeks to determine the effect of PPE on the lumbar compression and upper neck loads for the small occupant.© 2015 ASME
Interinstitutional variation in glycohemoglobin monitoring and glycemic control of diabetic patients.

Abstract Objectives.—To compare how frequently institutions monitor glycohemoglobin in diabetic patients, the level of glycemic control achieved and to identify institutional factors associated with higher rates of monitoring and lower glycohemoglobin levels. Methods.—A total of 212 institutions retrospectively abstracted laboratory and outpatient records of up to 30 diabetic patients who had initial glycohemoglobin monitoring performed in their laboratories. Data from a cohort of 5586 diabetic patients and 17 365 assays were analyzed. Results.—Overall, 31.3% of patients underwent glycohemoglobin monitoring at least quarterly, the frequency recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to stabilize patients at target hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. A total of 64.9% of patients were monitored at least semiannually, the ADA recommendation for patients with stable diabetes in glycemic control (final HbA1c level <7%). When we compared the top and bottom deciles of the 212 institutions, there was more ...
Type II Solar Radio Bursts in the Decimeter Band

(Solar Phys.) The progress of shock waves generated by solar flares through the corona is delineated in the radio band by radio bursts of spectral type II. Previous discussion of these bursts has been mainly concerned with their characteristics at frequencies below 200 MHz. This paper discusses the characteristics of the bursts in the range 2000–200 MHz, and the information that may then be deduced about the propagation of shock waves through the lower corona. Particular attention is paid to the type II burst emitted by the flare of 1972 August 7, 1500 UT. The shock from this flare was subsequently tracked (by radio equipment on the IMP-6 satellite) through the interplanetary plasma right to the Earth.
Throwing while looking through prisms II. Specificity and storage of multiple gaze-throw calibrations

Human subjects threw balls of clay at a visual target while looking through wedge prism spectacles. In studies of short-term adjustment, subjects threw in the direction of their prism-bent gaze, missing the target to that side. Within 10-30 throws, they gradually adapted with a wider gaze-throw angle and hit the target. Immediately after removal of the prisms the wide gaze-throw angle persisted and throws missed the target to the opposite side, the so-called 'negative after effect'. Repeated throws were required to adapt back to the normal gaze-throw angle and hit the target. The adaptation was specific both to the body parts trained and the type of throw trained: training with the right hand did not generalize to throwing with the left; overhand training seldom generalized to underhand throwing. In a study of long-term adjustment, two subjects threw with the same hand (right) and the same type of throw (overhand) alternately, with and without prisms, over a period of 6 weeks. They gradually learned to hit the target on the first throw, with and without prisms. The two gaze-throw calibrations (prism and no-prism) were retained for > 27 months. The long-term adjustment was shown to consist of a coordinated relationship of eye-in-head, head-on-trunk and trunk-on-arm angles.
LOWERING THE VOTING AGE: THE CASE OF THE RELUCTANT ELECTORATE

Reduction of the minimum voting age from twenty-one to eighteen has stimulated considerable debate but little change over the past thirty years. Examining the views of a national sample of high school seniors, the authors found considerable variation by region, sex, and political awareness, but little over-all enthusiasm, in 1965, for the proposed change. They argue that the change is likely to come nevertheless. Paul Beck is completing his Ph.D. in political science at the University of Michigan; M. Kent Jennings is Professor of Political Science and a Program Director at the Survey Research Center, University of Michigan.