cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification of familial hypercholesterolemia from electronic health records: The SEARCH study

Background Little is known about prevalence, awareness, and control of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in the United States. Objective To address these knowledge gaps, we developed an ePhenotyping algorithm for rapid identification of FH in electronic health records (EHRs) and deployed it in the Screening Employees And Residents in the Community for Hypercholesterolemia (SEARCH) study. Methods We queried a database of 131,000 individuals seen between 1993 and 2014 in primary care practice to identify 5992 (mean age 52 ± 13 years, 42% men) patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥190 mg/dL, triglycerides Results Our EHR-based algorithm ascertained the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria for FH using structured data sets and natural language processing for family history and presence of FH stigmata on physical examination. Blinded expert review revealed positive and negative predictive values for the SEARCH algorithm at 94% and 97%, respectively. The algorithm identified 32 definite and 391 probable cases with an overall FH prevalence of 0.32% (1:310). Only 55% of the FH cases had a diagnosis code relevant to FH. Mean LDL-C at the time of FH ascertainment was 237 mg/dL; at follow-up, 70% (298 of 423) of patients were on lipid-lowering treatment with 80% achieving an LDL-C ≤100 mg/dL. Of treated FH patients with premature CHD, only 22% (48 of 221) achieved an LDL-C ≤70 mg/dL. Conclusions In a primary care setting, we found the prevalence of FH to be 1:310 with low awareness and control. Further studies are needed to assess whether automated detection of FH in EHR improves patient outcomes.
“Women and Girls in Jeopardy by His False Testimony”: Charles Dancy, Urban Policing, and Black Women in New York City during the 1920s:

Troubling partnerships between the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and criminal informants during the mid-1920s adversely impacted urban African American women’s daily lives. Part of multiple hierarchies of municipal corruption, undercover surveillance operations represented one of many apparatuses law enforcers employed to criminalize black women’s ordinary behavior, to reinforce Progressive era images of black female criminality and promiscuity, and to deny women of their personhood and civil rights. Black New Yorker and criminal informant Charles Dancy, identified by local black newspapers as a vicious con artist and serial rapist, figured prominently in undercover police operations. Dancy falsely identified black women as sex workers and had them arrested, and in the process sexually assaulted women. New York blacks were outraged by some NYPD members’ use of informants as well as black women’s erroneous legal confinement. Situating informant work within the context of police brutality, racial i...
Ground zero: Ontology, recognition, and the elusiveness of care in American eating disorders treatment:

This paper reflects upon questions of ontological contingency when the stark, visceral reality of a person's relentless self-destruction unfolds within institutional mechanisms that systematically withhold certain kinds of care. I consider these issues through the lens of "manipulation" as it is elaborated within an American eating disorders treatment center, where the notion of manipulation does particular kinds of affective and pragmatic work. Specifically, it serves to render clients as, paradoxically, both hyper-agentic and "agentically challenged" in ways that legitimate the withholding of their recognition as full subjects and therefore deserving of care. I propose that the ontological perspectives of the treatment center are ill-equipped for accounting for such dynamics and, in fact, carry certain risks when employed in the consideration of psychiatric conditions where they can even become coopted in unintended ways. This carries special importance when working with people whose ontological status is, in a very real (and not just theoretical) sense, teetering on the brink of the void.
Integrating a reservoir regulation scheme into a spatially distributed hydrological model

Abstract During the past several decades, numerous reservoirs have been built across the world for a variety of purposes such as flood control, irrigation, municipal/industrial water supplies, and hydropower generation. Consequently, the timing and magnitude of natural streamflow have been altered significantly by reservoir operations. In addition, the hydrological cycle is also modified by land-use/land-cover change and by climate change. To understand the fine-scale feedback between hydrological processes and water management decisions, a distributed hydrological model embedded with a reservoir component is desired. In this study, a multi-purpose reservoir module with predefined complex operational rules was integrated into the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM). Conditional operating rules, which are designed to reduce flood risk and enhance water supply reliability, were adopted in this module. The performance of the integrated model was tested over the upper Brazos River Basin in Texas, where two U.S. Army Corps of Engineers managed reservoirs, Lake Whitney and Aquilla Lake, are located. The integrated model was calibrated and validated using observed reservoir inflow, outflow, and storage data. The error statistics were summarized for both reservoirs on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. Using the weekly reservoir storage for Lake Whitney as an example, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.85 and the Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) was 0.75. These results suggest that this reservoir module holds promise for use in sub-monthly hydrological simulations. With the new reservoir component, the DHSVM provides a platform to support adaptive water resources management under the impacts of evolving anthropogenic activities and substantial environmental changes.
Managing the infected arthroplasty: Cleanout, 1-stage, or 2-stage

Abstract The management options for infected shoulder arthroplasty can be divided into those in which an implant is ultimately retained or implanted (i.e., debridement and 1-stage or 2-stage reimplantation), and those in which an implant is no longer used (i.e., resection or arthrodesis). The options that allow the eventual use of an implant result in better shoulder function. Knowledge of their indications and outcomes can help guide the surgeon's decision.
The Absolute Monocyte and Lymphocyte Counts at Diagnosis Predict Survival and Identify High-Risk Patients In Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Abstract 3088 Background: Despite the use of modern immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP) regimens, almost 50% of patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will relapse. Current prognostic models, most notably the International Prognostic Index, are comprised of patient and tumor characteristics and are unable to identify patients with less than a 50% chance of long-term survival. However, recent observations demonstrate that factors related to host adaptive immunity and the tumor microenvironment are powerful prognostic variables in non-Hodgkin lymphoma Methods: We retrospectively examined the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), monocyte count (AMC) and lymphocyte count (ALC), obtained from an automated complete blood count with differential, as prognostic variables in a cohort of 255 consecutive DLBCL patients that were uniformly treated with R-CHOP between 2000 and 2007 at a single institution. The primary study objective was to assess if ANC, AMC, and ALC at diagnosis were predictors of overall survival (OS) in DLBCL. Results: At diagnosis, the median ANC was 4720/uL (range 1190–17690), the median AMC was 610/uL (range 30–4040), and the median ALC was 1220/uL (range 140–5410). The median follow-up for these patients was 48 months. In the univariate analysis, each of these variables predicted OS as continuous variables. As dichotomized variables, an elevated ANC (≥5500/μL; hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.60, p=0.01) and AMC (≥610/μL; hazard ratio 3.36, 95% confidence interval 2.10–5.59, p 1000/uL), good (AMC ≥610/uL or ALC ≤1000/uL), and poor-risk (AMC ≥610/uL and ALC ≤1000/uL) populations. For both the very good (n=79) and good-risk (n=134) groups median OS has not been reached with estimated 5-year overall survival of 88% and 69%, respectively. Median OS for poor-risk (n=42) patients was 1.7 years (95% confidence interval 1.1–2.7 years) with an estimated 5-year overall survival of 28% (p Conclusions: Measurement of AMC and ALC at diagnosis is widely applicable, cost effective, predicts OS, and identifies high-risk patients with DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Rare Cause of Recurrent Vaginal Hydrocele: Herniating Mesenteric Hydatid Cyst.

Echinococcosis is a multisystem disease and has propensity to involve any organ, an unusual anatomical site, and can mimic any disease process. The hydatid cyst of the mesenteries known to occur secondary to hepatic involvement but occasional cases of his primitive form has also been reported. We report here one such case of primitive mesenteric hydatid cyst herniated through inguinal canal in a 5-yr-old boy, admitted to our Pediatric Surgery Department of Children’s Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia in 2015.
The effect of urban form on traffic accident incidence

In this paper we determine the relationship between developmental patterns and the incidence of traffic accidents. We evaluate the accident data for four intersections, which inhabit two different developmental typologies of the urban environment.
Simulation study of the second-generation MR-compatible SPECT system based on the inverted compound-eye gamma camera design.

In this paper, we present simulation studies for the second-generation MRI compatible SPECT system, MRC-SPECT-II, based on an inverted compound eye (ICE) gamma camera concept. The MRC-SPECT-II system consists of a total of 1536 independent micro-pinhole-camera-elements (MCEs) distributed in a ring with an inner diameter of 6 cm. This system provides a FOV of 1 cm diameter and a peak geometrical efficiency of approximately 1.3% (the typical levels of 0.1%–0.01% found in modern pre-clinical SPECT instrumentations), while maintaining a sub-500 μm spatial resolution. Compared to the first-generation MRC-SPECT system (MRC-SPECT-I) (Cai 2014 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 734 147–51) developed in our lab, the MRC-SPECT-II system offers a similar resolution with dramatically improved sensitivity and greatly reduced physical dimension. The latter should allow the system to be placed inside most clinical and pre-clinical MRI scanners for high-performance simultaneous MRI and SPECT imaging.
Abstract 18934: Surface Illumination and Autofluorescence Modeling for Assessment of Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions

Introduction: Lesion depth is a key parameter for surgical guidance of radiofrequency (RF) ablation; a common treatment of atrial fibrillation. Real-time optical techniques hold a promise to provide clinicians with immediate feedback on lesion depth. Our previous studies have revealed a strong correlation between surface-illuminated tissue autofluorescence and lesion depth. Here we use modeling and experimental approaches to understand the underlying mechanisms and determine its potential. Methods: Porcine left atrial wall was excised and illuminated with 365nm light from the endocardium (Fig. 1.A). Emitted light was collected by a CCD camera A filter centered at 360nm ±10nm was used to collect the excitation light profile, then a tunable filter was used to collect the autofluorescence profile. A 3D Monte Carlo model simulated light transport within the tissue. Optical parameters were derived from literature and the experimental setup was modeled, generating a 365nm light distribution (Fig. 1.B). Autofluorescence was then simulated using this distribution as a source map for emitted light within the 400nm to 500nm range (Fig. 1.C). Results: The observed intensity profile of 365nm light peaked at 0.3mm tissue depth, then exponentially declined to 37% of peak value at 0.8mm. Modelling confirmed experimental results (Fig. 1.D), indicating that autofluorescence emission may be observed several mm below the tissue surface (Fig. 1.C). Human atrial wall thickness is typically Conclusions: Matched experimental and modeled data have revealed that 365nm surface illumination of porcine myocardium causes autofluorescence emission reaching several millimeters of depth. Results indicate that surface autofluorescence may be able to evaluate lesion depth during RF ablation procedures.
The spread and impact of Cartesian philosophy in China: historical and comparative perspectives

Cartesian philosophy has had a profound influence on modern Chinese intellectuals since the mid 19th century. After the May Fourth Movement, there have been many Chinese scholars who worked immense...
Supporting a Social Media Observatory with Customizable Index Structures: Architecture and Performance

The intensive research activity in analysis of social media and micro-blogging data in recent years suggests the necessity and great potential of platforms that can efficiently store, query, analyze, and visualize social media data. To support these “social media observatories” effectively, a storage platform must satisfy special requirements for loading and storage of multi-terabyte datasets, as well as efficient evaluation of queries involving analysis of the text of millions of social updates. Traditional inverted indexing techniques do not meet such requirements. As a solution, we propose a general indexing framework, IndexedHBase, to build specially customized index structures for facilitating efficient queries on an HBase distributed data storage system. IndexedHBase is used to support a social media observatory that collects and analyzes data obtained through the Twitter streaming API. We develop a parallel query evaluation strategy that can explore the customized index structures efficiently, and test it on a set of typical social media data queries. We evaluate the performance of IndexedHBase on FutureGrid and compare it with Riak, a widely adopted commercial NoSQL database system. The results show that IndexedHBase provides a data loading speed that is six times faster than Riak and is significantly more efficient in evaluating queries involving large result sets.
A Class of Strictly 1-Monotone Infinite Transition Solutions of (PDE)

Following the ideas and methods of Chaps. 6–11, solutions of (PDE) on \(\mathbb{R}^2\times\mathbb{T}^{n-2}\)R2 X Tn–2 that undergo a finite number of transitions can readily be constructed. For example in the spirit of Chaps. 9–10 solutions that are strictly 1–monotone and heteroclinic in x2 from v1 to wk with v1 w1 and vk wk gap pairs can be obtained. Likewise, as in Chapters 6–8, nonmonotone heteroclinics in x2 from v2 to w2 (or homoclinic to v2) with multiple transitions can be found. Our main goal here, however, is to find a new class of solutions that undergo an infinite number of transitions and are heteroclinic \(\mathcal{M}_0\) both in x1 and in x2.
A Mechanism of Energy-Driven Elasticity in Crystalline Polymers

It is proposed that a fundamental property of a folded-chain lamella is its ability to recover elastically from small deformations. The high degree of elastic recovery of certain extruded fibers and films of crystalline polymers is attributed to this property. Experiments on these elastic materials indicate that a common feature is a row structure of folded-chain lamellae joined together by short fibril links. Small deformations of individual lamellae are additive in the aggregate to produce a large deformation of the specimen without exceeding the elastic limit of the individual lamellae. Correspondingly, a phenomenal number of microvoids is created. These disappear with the elastic recovery of the specimen.
The Nephritogenic Immune Response and Renal Immunopathogenesis

It is generally agreed that the immune system plays a central role in many forms of renal injury. Hallmark studies of Dixon et al. (1961) emphasized the importance of antibodies and immune complex deposition in glomerular disease processes. A wealth of data have subsequently accumulated which lend support to the concept that humoral immunity is an intrinsic component of many nephritogenic immune responses. The conceptual framework for understanding renal immunology, as a result, has been largely defined in terms of antibody production, renal deposition, and subsequent immune amplification processes.
Electric Field Effects on the PS Electron Transfer Kinetics and Spectra of Wild-Type and Heterodimer Mutant Rb. sphaeroides Reaction Centers

The intensity of fluorescence from an immobilized, isotropic sample of photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) increases upon application of an electric field at 77 K [1], The change in fluorescence was found to be quadratic with the applied field strength, and the fluorescence in the field was found to become polarized [2]. The fluorescence increase is ascribed to a net decrease in the rate of the forward electron transfer reaction which competes with fluorescence from lP. The field alters the free energy change for electron transfer, ΔGet, and thus the rate because the energy of the dipolar product state P·HL·− [μ(P+·H·−) ~ 80 D] is sensitive to the field; the field may also affect the reorganization energy and the electronic coupling between 1P and P·+HL·−. In the original paper [1] we considered primarily effects of the field on the free energy. Subsequently our group [2] and Bixon and Jortner [3] considered possible additional effects of the electric field on the electronic coupling if dipolar states such as P·+BL·− mediate the interaction between 1P and P·+HL·−. The model of Bixon and Jortner [3] predicts that |ΔF/F| should be more than an order of magnitude greater than observed in a field of 106 V/cm (assuming that the local field correction f~1.2–1.5), and that the field dependence should be superquadratic, contrary to observation [2].
B. F. Skinner and T. N. Whitehead: A Brief Encounter, Research Similarities, Hawthorne Revisited, What Next?

B. F. Skinner and T. N. Whitehead recalled a personal interaction in 1934, with differing memories of the event. No evidence of other subsequent interactions or mutual citations has been found. Although they went their separate ways, three similarities in their research strategies have been found and are discussed. Elements of Whitehead's Hawthorne study and Skinner's concurrent, parallel work reveal that they both (a) introduced the cumulative curve to report data, (b) used a small number of subjects studied over time, and (c) used highly accurate recording devices. A few “afterwords” are offered on their lives and writings, and again, on the Hawthorne effect. A suggestion is made that a Skinner–Whitehead research approach might be useful in studying gambling behavior.
Quantification of the locomotive behavior of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in clot preparations

Time-lapse videotape recordings of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from clot preparations were used to quantify the locomotive behavior of individual PMNs from normal subjects. Tracings derived from the videotapes allow one to quantify multiple parameters of the locomotive behavior of PMNs--direction, distance, rate, and angle of turn. The results obtained are reproducible from subject-to-subject and from preparation-to-preparation. The method allows the investigator to record the locomotive behavior of 100 cells simultaneously within a 5-min period and analyze the recording as time permits. We utilized this technique to compare the locomotive behavior of slow and fast PMNs (arbitrarily defined as cells that move less than or equal to 7.0 micrometer/min and greater than 7.0 micrometer/min mean rate of locomotion, respectively). The studies show that slow and fast PMNs, thus defined, differ not only in mean rate of locomotion but also in their rate of locomotion during periods of active locomotion, in the number of periods of inactivity/PMN/5 min (slow = 1.65 +/- 0.31; fast = 0.36 +/- 0.12), and in their turning behavior as measured by angle of turn (slow = 92 degrees +/- 39 degrees; fast = 39 degrees +/- 35 degrees). These results show that human PMNs from clot preparations are remarkably heterogeneous in their locomotive behavior, and the results suggest this heterogeneity is due to endogenous differences within cells.
Learning Human Ergonomic Preferences for Handovers

Our goal is for people to be physically comfortable when taking objects from robots. This puts a burden on the robot to hand over the object in such a way that a person can easily reach it, without needing to strain or twist their arm - a way that is conducive to ergonomic human grasping configurations. To achieve this, the robot needs to understand what makes a configuration more or less ergonomic to the person, i.e. their ergonomic cost function. In this work, we formulate learning a person's ergonomic cost as an online estimation problem. The robot can implicitly make queries to the person by handing them objects in different configurations, and gets observations in response about the way they choose to take the object. We compare the performance of both passive and active approaches for solving this problem in simulation, as well as in an in-person user study.
The scientific response to Antarctic ice-shelf loss

Biological communities beneath Antarctic ice shelves remain a mystery, hampering assessment of ecosystem development after ice-shelf collapse. Here we highlight major gaps in understanding of the patterns and processes in these areas, and suggest effective ways to study the ecological impacts of ice-shelf loss under climate change.
Dietary unsaturated fat increases HDL metabolic pathways involving apoE favorable to reverse cholesterol transport

BACKGROUND. HDL that contains apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a subspecies especially active in steps in reverse cholesterol transport, a process that brings cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. Here, we studied the effect of dietary unsaturated fat compared with carbohydrate on the metabolism of HDL containing apoE. METHODS. We enrolled 9 adults who were overweight or obese and had below-average HDL-cholesterol in a crossover study of a high-fat diet, primarily unsaturated, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. A metabolic tracer study was performed after each diet period. RESULTS. Dietary fat increased the secretion, metabolism, and clearance of HDL subspecies containing apoE. Dietary fat increased the rate of clearance of large cholesterol-rich HDL containing apoE and increased their conversion to small HDL containing apoE, indicating selective cholesterol ester delivery to the liver. The high-unsaturated-fat diet did not affect the metabolism of HDL lacking apoE. CONCLUSION. HDL containing apoE is a diet-responsive metabolic pathway that renders HDL more biologically active in reverse cholesterol transport. This may be a mechanism by which unsaturated fat protects against coronary heart disease. Protein-based HDL subspecies such as HDL containing apoE may be used to identify additional atheroprotective treatment targets not evident in the total HDL-cholesterol measurement. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01399632","term_id":"NCT01399632"}}NCT01399632. FUNDING. NIH and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science.
Examining Hope as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism of Change Across Anxiety Disorders and CBT Treatment Protocols

Hope is a trait that represents the capacity to identify strategies or pathways to achieve goals and the motivation or agency to effectively pursue those pathways. Hope has been demonstrated to be a robust source of resilience to anxiety and stress and there is limited evidence that, as has been suggested for decades, hope may function as a core process or transdiagnostic mechanism of change in psychotherapy. The current study examined the role of hope in predicting recovery in a clinical trial in which 223 individuals with 1 of 4 anxiety disorders were randomized to transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), disorder-specific CBT, or a waitlist controlled condition. Effect size results indicated moderate to large intraindividual increases in hope, that changes in hope were consistent across the five CBT treatment protocols, that changes in hope were significantly greater in CBT relative to waitlist, and that changes in hope began early in treatment. Results of growth curve analyses indicated that CBT was a robust predictor of trajectories of change in hope compared to waitlist, and that changes in hope predicted changes in both self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety. Finally, a statistically significant indirect effect was found indicating that the effects of treatment on changes in anxiety were mediated by treatment effects on hope. Together, these results suggest that hope may be a promising transdiagnostic mechanism of change that is relevant across anxiety disorders and treatment protocols.
Case report expanding the germline AXIN2- related phenotype to include olfactory neuroblastoma and gastric adenoma.

Pathogenic AXIN2 variants cause absence of permanent teeth (hypodontia), sparse hair and eye brows (ectodermal dysplasia), and gastrointestinal polyps and cancer. Inheritance is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. Only twenty- five patients have been reported from five families. A Mayo Clinic pilot program tested 3009 newly diagnosed cancer patients for pathogenic germline variants in 83 hereditary cancer genes, including AXIN2. We found only one patient with a pathogenic AXIN2 variant. The proband was a 49 year-old female who came to Otolaryngology clinic complaining of right-sided nasal obstruction. Biopsy of identified nasal polyp revealed olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). Surgical resection with gross, total tumor resection was followed by radiation therapy. The patient enrolled in a clinical pilot of genetic testing and a pathogenic variant in AXIN2, c.1822del (p.Leu608Phefs*81) (NM_004655.3) was found. She was seen in Medical Genetics clinic and found to have a personal history of hypodontia. Her eyebrows, hair, and nails were all normal. She underwent upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. A four mm gastric adenoma was found and removed. This is the first case reported on a patient with a pathogenic, germline AXIN2 variant and an olfactory neuroblastoma or a gastric adenoma. We propose that these could be features of the AXIN2 phenotype. The known association between gastric adenomas and familial adenomatous polyposis, the other Wnt/beta-catenin disorder, supports the hypothesis that pathogenic AXIN2 variants increase risk as well. As the odds of a chance co-occurrence of a pathogenic AXIN2 variant and an olfactory neuroblastoma are so rare, it is worth exploring potential causation. We are building a clinical registry to expand understanding of the AXIN2 phenotype and request any clinicians caring for patients with pathogenic AXIN2 variants to contact us.
Uncertainty Quantified Parametrically Homogenized Constitutive Models for Microstructure-Integrated Structural Simulations

This paper investigates the role of material microstructures in structural analysis and establishes the need for microstructure-integrated constitutive models in predicting structural response. A focus is on microstructure and temperature dependency of stresses and plastic strains in a structural panel under realistic loading conditions. Structural analysis is conducted using the recently developed uncertainty-quantified parametrically homogenized constitutive model (UQ-PHCM) for near-alpha Titanium alloys like Ti6242S. PHCMs exhibit explicit microstructural dependency and are developed from homogenization of crystal plasticity finite element simulation results with machine learning. Uncertainties due to model reduction, data sparsity and microstructural variability are accounted for in the model. Structural response with the UQ-PHCMs is compared to those predicted by isotropic elasticity and $${J}_2$$ plasticity models without explicit microstructure information. Parametric studies illustrate how different uncertainties in the UQ-PHCM framework propagate to the structural response variables. The results also show the relative contribution of different microstructural features to the propagated uncertainty in structural response variables. The studies establish the UQ-PHCM as an effective tool for reliable structural analysis with consequences in material design.
Adolescent depressed mood and difficulties with emotion regulation: Concurrent trajectories of change

Abstract Introduction Adolescent depression is a significant mental health concern. Emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, though different facets of emotion regulation are rarely compared. This study examined the degree to which trajectories of change in different facets of emotion regulation (goal-directed behavior, impulse control, and regulation strategies) and depressive symptoms were associated across twelve months in a clinical adolescent sample. Methods Participants included 110 adolescents from the US who were enrolled in a randomized trial that tested a cognitive-behavioral treatment for youth with co-occurring mental health and substance use concerns (Mage = 15.71 years; 57.3% male). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Three separate bivariate latent basis growth curve analyses were conducted. Correlations between latent intercepts and latent slopes, as well as overall model fit, were examined. Results Impulse control and goal-directed behavior were each associated with depressive symptoms at baseline. Additionally, change in impulse control over time was significantly associated with change in depressive symptoms. However, the same was not true for goal-directed behavior. Overall fit indices for models of emotion regulation strategies were below acceptable levels and thus could not be interpreted. Conclusions Findings from the present study indicate that adolescents’ depressive symptoms appear to improve as their perceived ability to control impulses improves. These results suggest that addressing impulse control difficulties may be an important step in treating adolescent depression and co-occurring disorders.
CEO Short-Term Pay, Long-Term Pay, and Corporate Social Responsibility: Does Pay Structure Affect the Focus of CSR? An Empirical Study

Corporate social responsibility has been increasingly regarded as an important firm non-market strategy that impact the overall firm’s performance and how its viewed by the society, leading to an intensified research focusing on its antecedents, processes, and outcomes. As the most influential decision makers, I examine the question of whether the structure of CEO pay (long-term pay vs short term pay) provide equal incentives for managers to engage in both dimensions equally. I find that CEO pay structure has different implications on the two dimensions of CSR, namely externally and internally oriented CSR. While the previous assumptions about the relationships between short term pay and CSR and long term and CSR are supported, I find that when I decompose CSR into external and internal CSR, short term pay is negatively related to external CSR and positively related to internal CSR, while long term pay is positively related to both dimensions of CSR. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are provided.
Thermochemical Information from Ion-Molecule Rate Constants

In the study of ion-molecule reactions, there has long been practice of inferring exothermicity from the fact that a reaction is observed to occur, or, on occasion, endothermicity from the non-occurrence of a particular reaction. This “bracketing” technique has, for example, been used to establish relative proton affinities by ascertaining whether or not the reaction: $$M{H^ + } + B \rightleftarrows B{H^ + } + M$$ (1) occurs preferentially from left to right or from the right to the left. Since the advent of the measurement of equilibrium constants for a bimolecular ion-molecule reactions in 1973 [1], most quantitative thermochemical information about ionmolecule reactions is derived from such measurements. Nevertheless, there are situations in which equilibrium constant determinations can not be made; this happens, for example, when one of the neutral bases is a free radical, or when a fast competing process precludes the establishement of an equilibrium.
Metropolitan Migrants: The Migration of Urban Mexicans to the United States

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Map of Monterrey and Houston 1. The Migration of Urban Mexicans to the United States 2. Urban-Industrial Development in Mexico, 1940-2005 3. Restructuring and International Migration in a Mexican Urban Neighborhood 4. The Monterrey-Houston Connection: The Social Organization of Migration and the Economic Incorporation of Immigrants 5. The Migration Industry in the Monterrey-Houston Connection 6. Metropolitan Migrants: A New Dimension of Mexico-U.S. Migration Methodological Appendix Notes Bibliography Index
SU-E-T-250: Determining VMAT Machine Limitations of An Elekta Linear Accelerator with Agility MLC for Accurate Modeling in RayStation and Robust Delivery

Purpose: To implement VMAT in RayStation with the Elekta Synergy linac with the new Agility MLC, and to utilize the same vendor softwares to determine the optimum Elekta VMAT machine parameters in RayStation for accurate modeling and robust delivery. Methods: iCOMCat is utilized to create various beam patterns with user defined dose rate, gantry, MLC and jaw speed for each control point. The accuracy and stability of the output and beam profile are qualified for each isolated functional component of VMAT delivery using ion chamber and Profiler2 with isocentric mounting fixture. Service graphing on linac console is used to verify the mechanical motion accuracy. The determined optimum Elekta VMAT machine parameters were configured in RayStation v4.5.1. To evaluate the system overall performance, TG-119 test cases and nine retrospective VMAT patients were planned on RayStation, and validated using both ArcCHECK (with plug and ion chamber) and MapCHECK2. Results: Machine output and profile varies 1.5% output and 7% profile deviation is seen with >2.5cm/s leaf motion. All clinical cases achieved comparable plan quality as treated IMRT plans. The gamma passing rate is 99.5±0.5% on ArcCheck (<3% iso center dose deviation) and 99.1±0.8% on MapCheck2 using 3%/3mm gamma (10% lower threshold). Mechanical motion accuracy in all VMAT deliveries is <1°/1mm. Conclusion: Accurate RayStation modeling and robust VMAT delivery is achievable on Elekta Agility for <2.5cm/s leaf motion and full range of dose rate and gantry speed determined by the same vendor softwares. Our TG-119 and patient results have provided us with the confidence to use VMAT clinically.
Chemical modification of mitochondria: II. Effect of labeling on oxidative phosphorylation☆

Abstract The labeling of rat liver mitochondria (RLM) by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitro-5-(bromoacetoxyethoxy)phenol (DNBP) was studied and related to the effect of this molecule on oxidative phosphorylation. Alkylation of the cysteine residues was measured both with respect to incubation time of RLM with DNBP and with increasing DNBP concentration. At 3.3 × 10−5 m DNBP, the amount of S-carboxymethyl-cysteine formed was found to level off after about 3 min. The rate of ATP synthesis in RLM is reduced by increasing concentrations of DNBP and falls to zero, with either hydroxybutyrate or succinate as substrate, at 2 × 10−4 m DNBP. To characterize the effect of labeling on oxidative phosphorylation, the P O ratio were measured after incubating RLM with DNBP for various times between 10 and 300 sec. The P O ratio increases and tends to level off as the incubation time increases. No increase in P O ratio was noted when RLM were similarly incubated with the nonlabeling uncoupler 2,4-dinitro-5-(acetoxyethoxy) phenol. Further, the effect of labeling on oxidative phosphorylation was determined with RLM which had been treated with DNBP and then washed free of the excess unreacted uncoupler. DNBP produces specific labeling in RLM which, when related to the effects of this uncoupler on oxidative phosphorylation, suggests that the labeled proteins may be involved in the primary energy transduction process.
Chilling and flight ability and mating competitiveness of sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly

The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is widely used to suppress or eradicate infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). In large-scale programs, sterile males are chilled (4°C) to allow their transfer and storage in the aircraft used for the releases. Sterile males may remain chilled for as long as 3 h prior to release. Here, we describe the results of experiments that assessed the effect of chilling on flight ability and mating competitiveness of sterile male Mediterranean fruit flies held under conditions of low (plastic buckets) or high (emergence tower trays) density. Males from both densities were subject to 0 (no chill), 1, or 3 h of chilling at 3 days of age. Chill treatment had no effect on flight ability for males held at low density. However, for males held at high density, chilling for 1 or 3 h significantly reduced flight ability below that observed for the no chill treatment. Consistent with the flight data, chill treatment had no effect on the mating success of males held at low density. However, among males held at high density, 3 h of chilling significantly reduced mating success below levels observed for unchilled males or males chilled for 1 h only in trials conducted 1 day after the cold treatment. An auxiliary experiment revealed that this reduction in mating performance was temporary: in mating trials conducted 3 days after 3 h of chilling, sterile males derived from tower trays had similar mating success as unchilled males. Implications of these findings for Mediterranean fruit fly SIT are discussed.
Isolation from plasma of an alpha 1-glycoprotein resembling "orosomucoid". A simple method for its estimation in blood and tissues.

Abstract An acid α 1 -glycoprotein has been isolated from human plasma, and closely resembles “orosomucoid” as to its ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic behavior and chemical composition. However, the two preparations differed from each other immunologically. The data obtained suggest that the isolated protein is actually “orosomucoid,” but probably less denatured than the preparations obtained by other procedures. A method is described for the isolation and estimation of this α 1 -glycoprotein from plasma and tissues, which, owing to its simplicity, is suitable for use in routine clinical laboratories. The procedure described is also highly specific, as indicated by over 90% purity of the isolated product.
Neural Network Modeling

This chapter reviews major examples of neural network models relevant to several areas of psychology. These include sensory processes, including short-term memory, preattentive vision, attention, and code development; control of individual movements and movement sequences; classical and operant conditioning, and reinforcement learning; involvement of several brain areas in cognitive-emotional interactions; categorization and classification; decision making; language understanding; reasoning and analogy; mental and cognitive disorders; and a few areas of social psychology. One simple example is given of the process of generating equations for a neural network model, with the terms of the equations being motivated by the psychological operations those terms describe. Keywords: cognitive-emotional interactions; dynamical systems; high-level cognition; mathematical models; motor control; neural networks; sensory processes
Performance of lossy compression algorithms from statistical and perceptual metrics

The performance of compression algorithms is traditionally evaluated by statistical metrics such as mean square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). However it is well known that these metrics do not always correlate with visual perception. We have implemented a well known perceptual metric and evaluated the performance of a number of recently developed high fidelity compression algorithms using perceptual as well as statistical metrics. Our preliminary results do not indicate a consistent correlation between the perceptual metric used and subjective ranking.
Improving Locality in Out-of-Core Computations Using Data Layout Transformations

Programs accessing disk-resident arrays, called out-of-core programs, perform poorly in general due to an excessive number of I/O calls and insufficient help from compilers. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose a data layout optimization in this paper. Experimental results provide evidence that our method is effective for out-of-core nests whose data sizes far exceed the size of memory.
Small-Group Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Observational and Incidental Learning:

This study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of constant time delay (a near errorless learning procedure) in a small-group instructional arrangement. Three fifth-grade students with learning disabilities were taught to recognize multisyllabic basal vocabulary words. A multiple-probe design across behaviors (word sets) was used to evaluate the procedure. Following instruction on each word set, students were assessed on their ability to recognize their own target words, recognize observational words, spell both target and observational words, and define both target and observational words. The results indicated that the constant time-delay procedure was reliably implemented and was effective in establishing criterion-level performance for all students with extremely low error percentages.
In vitro proliferation of murine spleen cells: genetic control of proliferative responses induced by phorbol ester and calcium ionophore A23187.

Abstract Proliferative responses of normal (not immunized intentionally) spleen cells from inbred strains of mice to co-stimulation with phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 were studied. Striking differences in the magnitude of the responses of spleen cells and splenic T cells from various strains were observed. It appeared that these differences reflected mainly differences in the inducibility of the expression of the gene for the a chain of the IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) by phorbol ester. Formal genetic analysis suggested that the differences in response to phorbol ester and calcium ionophore are controlled by two independent genes with the alleles controlling good response being dominant. The differences in the inducibility of the IL 2R gene seemed to be controlled by alleles of a single gene. At least one of the putative genes may be a regulatory element affecting the gene for the a chain of IL 2R. The results may have a practical significance for devising more efficient procedure(s) to generate LAK cells used for tumor immunotherapy.
A three-degree-of-freedom thin-film PZT-actuated microactuator with large out-of-plane displacement

A novel three degree-of-freedom microactuator based on thin-film lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) is described with its detailed structural model. Its central rectangular-shaped mirror platform, also referred to as the stage, is actuated by four symmetric PZT bending legs such that each leg provides vertical translation for one corner of the stage. It has been developed to support real-time in vivo vertical cross-sectional imaging with a dual axes confocal endomicroscope for early cancer detection, having large displacements in three axes (z, θx, θy) and a relatively high bandwidth in the z-axis direction. Prototype microactuators closely meet the performance requirements for this application; in the out-of-plane (z-axis) direction, it has shown more than 177 μm of displacement and about 84 Hz of structural natural frequency, when two diagonal legs are actuated at 14V. With all four legs, another prototype of the same design with lighter stage mass has achieved more than 430 μm of out-of-plane displacement at 15V and about 200 Hz of bandwidth. The former design has shown approximately 6.4° and 2.9° of stage tilting about the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, at 14V. This paper also presents a modeling technique that uses experimental data to account for the effects of fabrication uncertainties in residual stress and structural dimensions. The presented model predicts the static motion of the stage within an average absolute error of 14.6 μm, which approaches the desired imaging resolution, 5 μm, and also reasonably anticipates the structural dynamic behavior of the stage. The refined model will support development of a future trajectory tracking controller for the system.
WITHDRAWN: Reprint of “Other high-risk factors for young drivers—how graduated licensing does, doesn’t, or could address them”

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). This reprinted article has been retracted at the request of the Publisher. The online version of this reprint has been withdrawn as it was a redundant duplicate of the original article. The original can be found via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00082-8 . The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
Neuronal responses of the rabbit brainstem during performance of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane (NM)/eyelid response.

Through the use of a chronic microdrive recording system, neuronal unit activity was recorded throughout the brainstem of the rabbit during performance of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) extension/eyeblink response using an acoustical conditioned stimulus (CS) and a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Regions which exhibited neuronal responses near the onset of the learned response were found to be relatively localized to: the abducens, accessory abducens, and facial nuclei (the motoneurons known to innervate the muscles responsible for expression of the conditioned response); the sensory nuclei of the fifth (probably representing somatosensory or proprioceptive feedback from the conditioned response); the superior colliculus; the periaqueductal gray; various reticular regions and the brainstem nuclei directly connected with the cerebellum (pontine nuclei, tegmental reticular nucleus (Bechterew), red nucleus, and perhaps the inferior olive). Stimulus (tone-airpuff) evoked responses were found within all classical auditory nuclei of the brainstem; the superior colliculus; the periaquductal gray; pontine nuclei; fifth sensory nuclei, and various reticular regions. Recent lesion studies have shown the ipsilateral cerebellum to be essential for the learning and retention of this response. Collectively these results indicate that the cerebellum and its related brainstem nuclei are critically involved in the control and production of the classically conditioned NM/eyeblink response and may contain essential long term neuronal changes—the ‘memory trace’—which serves to encode this learned response.
Budget Impact and Voter Response To Tax Limitation Referenda

This article analyzes the determinants of voter behavior on three tax limitation referenda on the ballot in Michigan in 1978. A framework based on the demand for and supply of state and local government output is used in analyzing county level cross-sectional data. Many significant relationships are demonstrated between supply and demand variables and voter response to an incremental tax limitation proposal. A somewhat similar outcome is found for a proposal which would have completely reformed elementary and secondary school finance. However, for a proposal which would have slashed property taxes, there were few statistically significant relationships between voting behavior and the independent variables. This may have been due to the great uncertainty which surrounded this proposal's implications. For two of the three proposals, the level of residential property taxes has a significant impact on voter response. However, in no case was the rate of change in these taxes found to influence voter behavior. ...