cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Enzyme Digestion and Deconjugation Followed by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methodology To Determine Ractopamine Residue in Pork

A new methodology is proposed for ractopamine residue analysis in pork. It consists of enzyme-mediated digestion and deconjugation steps; modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction; and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In brief, the samples were digested with protease and then deconjugated with β-glucuronidase enzyme; they were then subjected to extraction and cleanup by QuEChERS and underwent sequential analysis by LC-MS/MS. The method performance was evaluated in accordance to the validation guidelines regulated by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply. The limit of detection was 0.15 μg/kg and limit of quantification was 0.5 μg/kg. When the method was applied to real samples, ractopamine residue was found in concentrations (up to 7.86 μg/kg) below international recommendation limits up to 10 μg/kg. The method is sensitive, accurate, quick, simple, and suitable for routine analysis; therefore, it is a monitoring tool that may be adopted by laboratories to achieve compliance levels.
Equivalent Sources Using HELS

In an effort to reduce the overall measurement points associated with BEM-based NAH, Jeon and Ih [111] explore the use of an equivalent source method where the field acoustic pressures are regenerated by point sources distributed inside the real source surface. To this end, Jeon and Ih reformulate the HELS formulations by expanding the spherical Hankel functions and spherical harmonics with respect to multiple points distributed in the interior region of the source surface. Contributions from all equivalent sources are determined by matching the assumed-form solution to the boundary conditions specified on the source surface [112–114] or to the acoustic pressures on the hologram surface [115–122]. The equivalent sources locations can be optimized by using either the natural algorithm [123] or EfI method [124]. The optimal number of expansion terms is obtained by using a spatial filter and regularization scheme. Once the expansion coefficients are specified, the field acoustic pressures are regenerated and taken as the input data to BEM codes, just like CHELS algorithms. In this way, the overall measurement points are greatly reduced.
Difference in cardiovascular disease incidence by sociodemographic factors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors.

6565Background: AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to AYAs without a history of cancer. In AYA cancer survivors, few population-based stu...
miR-155 deletion modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced sleep in female mice.

Immune signaling is known to regulate sleep. miR-155 is a microRNA that regulates immune responses. We hypothesized that miR-155 would alter sleep regulation. Thus, we investigated the potential effects of miR-155 deletion on sleep-wake behavior in adult female homozygous miR-155 knockout (miR-155KO) mice and littermate controls (WT). Mice were implanted with biotelemetry units and EEG/EMG biopotentials were recorded continuously for three baseline days. miR-155KO mice had decreased bouts of NREM and REM sleep compared with WT mice, but no differences were observed in the length of sleep bouts or total time spent in sleep-wake states. Locomotor activity and subcutaneous temperature did not differ between WT and miR-155KO mice. Following baseline recordings, mice were sleep-deprived during the first six hours of the rest phase (light phase; ZT 0-6) followed by an 18 h recovery period. There were no differences between groups in sleep rebound (% sleep and NREM δ power) after sleep deprivation. Following recovery from sleep deprivation, mice were challenged with a somnogen (viz., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) one hour prior to the initiation of the dark (active) phase. Biopotentials were continuously recorded for the following 24 h, and miR-155KO mice displayed increased wakefulness and decreased NREM sleep during the dark phase following LPS injection. Additionally, miR-155KO mice had reduced EEG slow-wave responses (0.5-4 Hz) compared to WT mice. Together, our findings indicate that miR-155 deletion attenuates the somnogenic and EEG delta-enhancing effects of LPS. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; EEG: electroencephalogram; EMG: electromyogram; h: hour; IL-1: interleukin-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; IP: intra-peritoneal; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; miR/miRNA: microRNA; miR-155KO: miR-155 knockout; NREM: non-rapid eye movement; REM: rapid eye movement; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; SWS: slow-wave sleep; WT: wild-type.
Activation of enkephalinergic (Enk) interneurons in the central amygdala (CeA) buffers the behavioral effects of persistent pain

Abstract Enk neurons in CeA modulate the activity of the amygdala projection neurons and it is very likely that changes of Enk signaling cause the heightened anxiety that accompanies chronic pain. We use chemogenetics and transgenic mice to investigate the effects of acute and continuous activation of the amygdala Enk neurons on persistent pain and anxiodepressive-like behavior in mice. Enk-cre mice were injected bilaterally into the CeA with cre-activated AAV-DREADD/Gq/mCherry, while neuropathic pain was induced by sciatic nerve constriction. A single injection of DREADD's ligand CNO decreased the anxiety-like behavior in both, uninjured mice and in mice with neuropathic pain and produced robust analgesia that lasted for 24 h. Furthermore, the activation of Enk neurons by the DREADD ligand led to increased c-Fos expression in PKC-δ interneurons of the CeA and in non-serotonergic neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), a brain structure that is an essential part of the descending pain inhibitory system. Next, we added CNO to the drinking water of the experimental mice for 14 days in order to assess the effects of continuous activation of CeA Enk interneurons on anxiodepressive-like behavior, which is affected by chronic pain. The prolonged activation of the CeA Enk interneurons reduced neohypophagia in the novelty suppressed feeding test and increased ΔFosB (a marker for sustained neuronal activation) in the vlPAG of mice with chronic pain. All together, the results of our experiments point to an important role of the CeA Enk neurons in the control of both nociception and emotion. Activation of Enk neurons resulted in sustained analgesia accompanied by anxiolysis and antidepressant effects. Very likely, these effects of CeA Enk neurons are result of the activation of vlPAG, a brain region that is essential not only for descending inhibition of pain but it is also a core element in the resilience to stress.
Virtual screening identifies novel high-affinity σ1 receptor ligands

Abstract The σ1 receptor is a transmembrane protein implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, including neurodegenerative disease1, drug addiction2, cancer3, and pain4. However, there are no high-throughput functional assays for σ1 receptor drug discovery. Here, we assessed high-throughput structure-based computational docking for discovery of novel ligands of the σ1 receptor. We screened a library of over 6 million compounds using the Schrodinger Glide package, followed by experimental characterization of top-scoring candidates. 77% of tested candidates bound σ1 with high affinity (10-550 nM). These include compounds with high selectivity for the σ1 receptor compared to the genetically unrelated but pharmacologically similar σ2 receptor, as well as compounds with substantial cross-reactivity between the two receptors. These results establish structure-based virtual screening as a highly effective platform for σ1 receptor ligand discovery.
Effect of Polymer Chemistry on Chain Conformations in Hairy Nanoparticle Assemblies

Matrix-free, polymer-grafted nanoparticles, called hairy nanoparticle assemblies (aHNPs), have proven advantageous over traditional nanocomposites, as good dispersion and structural order can be ac...
Teaching Communications with SDRs: Making It Real for Students

This article describes a class/laboratory organization that culminates in a fully synchronized QPSK system based on Analog Device's ADALM-PLUTO radio. The course is organized as a one-semester senior-level elective with minimum prerequisites and designed so that all students succeed. An emphasis is placed on what synchronization can teach about real-world impairments such as automatic gain control, frequency offset, and timing offset.
Successful Land Conservation: Neither Zero-Sum Nor Win-Win

Policymakers and economists have found game theory helpful in decision-making regarding natural resources and other practical problems. Not only do policymakers draw upon some of the underlying economic theories, but they also adopt language and framing from economics. In some cases, such framing can be helpful. However, in many situations policymakers and others adopt the terms and general guidelines of game theory without fully understanding the assumptions underlying the concepts and neglecting an evaluation of whether the terms fit the circumstance. They take terms developed in simplified scenarios with few players and minimal external forces and use the concepts when constructing policy. Such is the case with the terms zero-sum and win-win. This Chapter examines the use of zero-sum concepts in land conservation policy, outlining some examples in the context of game theory and as a rhetorical device. I highlight where and how the concept is used and then provide examples of why it is generally a mischaracterization of land conservation strategies and decision-making. In a direct contrast to zero-sum scenarios, conservationists and others have suggested we frame land conservation efforts as win-win projects. The oversimplistic framing of both strategies fits poorly in the land conservation context and is not helpful in policymaking. Such phrases may sound good in speeches, but the world is a more complex place than these sound bites would have us believe.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Introduction Although current literature has addressed gastrointestinal presentations including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver chemistries, and hyperlipasemia as possible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations, the risk and type of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in this population is not well characterized. Methods This is a matched case-control (1:2) study with 41 cases of GIB (31 upper and 10 lower) in patients with COVID-19 and 82 matched controls of patients with COVID-19 without GIB. The primary objective was to characterize bleeding etiologies, and our secondary aim was to discuss outcomes and therapeutic approaches. Results There was no difference in the presenting symptoms of the cases and controls, and no difference in severity of COVID-19 manifestations (P > 0.05) was observed. Ten (32%) patients with upper GIB underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 5 (50%) patients with lower GIBs underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. The most common upper and lower GIB etiologies were gastric or duodenal ulcers (80%) and rectal ulcers related to rectal tubes (60%), respectively. Four of the esophagogastroduodenoscopies resulted in therapeutic interventions, and the 3 patients with rectal ulcers were referred to colorectal surgery for rectal packing. Successful hemostasis was achieved in all 7 cases that required interventions. Transfusion requirements between patients who underwent endoscopic therapy and those who were conservatively managed were not significantly different. Anticoagulation and rectal tube usage trended toward being a risk factor for GIB, although it did not reach statistical significance. Discussion In COVID-19 patients with GIB, compared with matched controls of COVID-19 patients without GIB, there seemed to be no difference in initial presenting symptoms. Of those with upper and lower GIB, the most common etiology was peptic ulcer disease and rectal ulcers from rectal tubes, respectively. Conservative management seems to be a reasonable initial approach in managing these complex cases, but larger studies are needed to guide management.
Cardiac implantable device outcomes and lead survival in adult congenital heart disease.

Abstract Background Long-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are ill-defined in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Objective To assess outcomes of transvenous (TV) and epicardial (EPI) CIEDs in ACHD. Methods A retrospective review of CIEDs implanted in patients >18 yrs. followed at the Ahmanson/UCLA ACHD Center was performed. Patients were grouped by implant approach. Primary outcomes included time to CIED dysfunction, lead dysfunction and unplanned CIED reintervention. Results Over a 27-year period, 283 CIEDs (208 TV, 75 EPI) were implanted in 260 ACHD patients. Dysfunction developed in 77 CIEDs (50 TV, 27 EPI) for which 62 underwent unplanned reintervention (47 TV, 15 EPI). Time to CIED dysfunction and unplanned reintervention did not differ by implant approach; however lead dysfunction was greater for EPI vs TV (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, p = 0.01). Independent predictors of lead failure included cyanosis (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.3; p = 0.03), implant indication other than bradycardia (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6–6.5; p Conclusion Overall CIED system dysfunction and reinterventions are similar, whereas lead dysfunction is greater among EPI than TV devices. Patient and procedural differences, rather than EPI vs TV implant approach alone, appear to drive CIED lead outcomes in the ACHD population.
The Role of Allergic Rhinitis for Professional Voice Users

Professional voice users comprise 25–35% of the US working population, and their voice problems may interfere with job performance and impact costs for both employers and employees. Voice users can be grouped into four categories according to their dependence on their voice: Elite vocal performers (Level 1) always require maximum vocal performance and need superior voice quality, pitch, range, and volume; most professional singers and actors are part of this group. For professional voice users (Level 2), the voice is an essential part of their work life. They mainly need vocal endurance and stamina over prolonged periods, and voice quality is a secondary concern for them; teachers, lecturers, customer service workers, and fitness instructors are in this group. Nonvocal professional voice users (Level 3) would be able to perform their job with mild dysphonia, but they would be unable to fulfill their professional commitments if they had moderate or severe dysphonia; even if they could accomplish their work-related tasks, they would lack the vocal quality needed for their professional image. Lawyers, doctors, and managers are the main members of this group. Nonvocal nonprofessional voice users (Level 4) are the remaining individuals, who do not rely on their voice for their occupation. In this chapter, “professional voice user” refers to Levels 1–2. In this chapter, the role of allergic rhinitis for professional voice users is presented.
Structural racism, racial inequities and urban-rural differences in infant mortality in the US.

Background While evidence shows considerable geographic variations in county-level racial inequities in infant mortality, the role of structural racism across urban–rural lines remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between county-level structural racism (racial inequity in educational attainment, median household income and jail incarceration) and infant mortality and heterogeneity between urban and rural areas. Methods Using linked live birth/infant death data provided by the National Center for Health Statistics, we calculated overall and race-specific 2013–2017 5-year infant mortality rates (IMRs) per 1000 live births in every county. Racially stratified and area-stratified negative binomial regression models estimated IMR ratios and 95% CIs associated with structural racism indicators, adjusting for county-level confounders. Adjusted linear regression models estimated associations between structural racism indicators and the absolute and relative racial inequity in IMR. Results In urban counties, structural racism indicators were associated with 7%–8% higher black IMR, and an overall structural racism score was associated with 9% greater black IMR; however, these findings became insignificant when adjusting for the region. In white population, structural racism indicators and the overall structural racism score were associated with a 6% decrease in urban white IMR. Both absolute and relative racial inequity in IMR were exacerbated in urban counties with greater levels of structural racism. Conclusions Our findings highlight the complex relationship between structural racism and population health across urban–rural lines and suggest its contribution to the maintenance of health inequities in urban settings.
Use of Bowtie-shaped Nanoapertures and Spherical Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles to Improve the Opto-electronic Performance of Thin-film Solar Cells

This computational study investigates the response of a thin-film solar cell to the use of plasmonic metal nanoparticles of three different combinations embedded within bowtie-shaped nanoapertures etched on the surface of an absorbing Si layer. A pair of spherical metal nanoparticles were placed inside the “empty” volume of the each arm of a bowtie-shaped nanoaperture. The first configuration was formed by placing a pair of silver spherical nanoparticles inside the arms of the bowtie-shaped nanopaerture, the second configuration was formed by similarly placing a pair of aluminum spherical nanoparticles and the third configuration was formed by placing a pair of gold spherical nanoparticles, respectively. The study continued by progressively merging each of the arms of the bowtie-shaped nanoaperture into one another and thereby decreasing the center to center inter-particle distance of the embedded metal nanoparticles. The optoelectronic responses of thin-film Si solar cells due to the effect produced by these nanostructure/nanoparticle combinations were compared to a Si substrate without any such nanoapertures/nanoparticles. The results show significantly increased light absorbed, short-circuit current generated and open-circuit voltage by the Si substrate which is modified with the bowtie-shaped nanoaperture and the metallic nanoparticles when compared to bare Si substrate and nanoaperture alone.
A simultaneous use of a leading-edge fillet and a non-axisymmetrically contoured endwall in a turbine stage

Abstract Secondary flow minimization is a crucial problem in a turbine passage. In the present paper, three different strategies are investigated to reduce the secondary-flow-related total pressure loss. These are leading-edge fillet, non-axisymmetric endwall contouring, and combining these two approaches. An experimental investigation in a single-stage turbine facility and RANS-based computations are performed to evaluate the designs. The experiments are carried out in the large-scale Axial Flow Turbine Research Facility AFTRF. A reference Flat Insert is installed on the nozzle guide vane passage's hub surface to allow future endwall design implementation during the experimental phase. The stereolithography manufactured reference insert has a constant thickness with a cylindrical shape. This investigation also uses four different leading-edge fillets, and they are attached to cylindrical Flat Insert initially. The same fillets are also attached to a contoured endwall. Simultaneous use of a leading-edge fillet and a non-axisymmetric contoured endwall for secondary flow control is the main objective of this research. Total pressure measurements are taken at the rotor inlet plane with a Kiel probe. The probe traversing is completed along one vane pitch and from 8% to 38% span. The leading-edge fillets effectively managed to weaken the horseshoe vortex occurring in front of the leading-edge. In one of the fillet cases sitting on the Flat Insert, the computational results at the NGV exit showed that the mass-averaged loss value was reduced by 1.31%. Three fillet designs decreased the area-averaged loss with a maximum reduction of 15.06%.
Zero Trust Architecture: Does It Help?

Discusses the concept of zero trust architecture (ZTA). ZTA has been introduced as a fine-grained defense approach paradigm that shifts defenses from static, network-based perimeters to users, assets, and resources.1 It assumes that no entities outside and inside the protected system can be trusted and therefore requires articulated and high-coverage deployment of security controls, such as authentication and access control. In a way, ZTA is not new; the idea that securing a system requires pervasive, fine-grained, and continuous deployment of layered security controls is quite obvious. However, the current emphasis on ZTA is important as it pushes systematic approaches to cybersecurity.
Thermal Conductivity of PuO2 as Determined from Thermal Diffusivity Measurements

The thermal conductivity of PuO2 as determined by thermal diffusivity measurements is presented for the temperature range 250 to ≍1200°C. Specimens of PuO2 with confirmed stoichiometry were fabrica...
Optimally Simulating Crash Failures in a Byzantine Environment

The difficulty of designing of fault-tolerant distributed algorithms increases with the severity of failures that an algorithm must tolerate. Researchers have simplified this task by developing methods that automatically translate protocols tolerant of “benign” failures into ones tolerant of more “severe” failures. In addition to simplifying the design task, these translations can provide insight into the relative impact of different models of faulty behavior on the ability to provide fault-tolerant applications. Such insights can be gained by examining the properties of the translations. The roundcomplexity of a translation is such a property; it is the number of rounds of communication that the translation uses to simulate one round of the original algorithm. This paper considers synchronous systems and examines the problem of developing translations from simple stopping (crash) failures to completely arbitrary behavior with round-complexities 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In each case, we show a lower bound on the number of processors that must remain correct. We show matching upper bounds for all of these by developing three new translation techniques that are each optimal in the number of processors required. These results fully characterize the optimal translations between crash and arbitrary failures.
Scheduling algorithms for a mixture of real-time and non-real-time data in HDR

High Data Rate (HDR) technology has recently been proposed as an overlay to CDMA as a means of providing packet data service to mobile users. In this paper, we study various scheduling algorithms for a mixture of real-time and non-real-time data over HDR/CDMA and compare their performance. We study the performance with respect to packet delays and also average throughput, where we use a token based mechanism to give minimum throughput guarantees. We find that a rule which we call the exponential rule performs well with regard to both these criteria. (In a companion paper, we show that this rule is throughput-optimal, i.e., it makes the queues stable if it is feasible to do so with any other scheduling rule). Our main conclusion is that intelligent scheduling algorithms in conjunction with token based rate control provide an efficient framework for supporting a mixture of real-time and non-real-time data applications in a single carrier.
Two silencers regulate the tissue-specific expression of the collagen II gene.

Collagen II, the major component of cartilage, is synthesized primarily by chondrocytes and by certain cells in the eye. Previously, we have studied the regulatory regions of the collagen II gene by DNA transfection assays (Horton, W., Miyashita, T., Kohno, K., and Yamada, Y. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 8864-8868). These studies show that both the promoter and an enhancer sequence in the first intron are required for high transcriptional activity in chondrocytes. These elements do not show significant activity in cells which do not synthesize collagen II, such as in muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this report, we have constructed plasmids containing various deletions of the promoter of the collagen II gene, fused to a reporter gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and transfected them into both chick embryonic fibroblasts and HeLa cells. We have found that silencer elements in the collagen II promoter region reduce CAT activity 11-fold in fibroblasts, while not affecting the enhancer-mediated transcription in chondrocytes. Deletions in the promoter showed that most of the silencing activity was localized in two sites, between -360 and -460 base pairs and between -620 and -700 base pairs. Furthermore, a fragment containing these two sequences in a thymidine kinase promoter CAT construct reduced the activity of the promoter in an orientation independent fashion. Sequence analysis revealed that the two silencer regions are homologous and contain consensus motifs for silencer elements found in other genes. Gel retardation experiments showed that nuclear factors from HeLa cells bind specifically to a DNA fragment containing the silencer, whereas chondrocyte nuclear extracts did not show any activity. Thus, our study indicates that the expression of the collagen II gene is controlled by both negative and positive elements to ensure that the gene is only expressed in suitable cells.
The Reporting and Underreporting of Rape

A rape victim possesses a scarce resource: information about the crime. Thus, a victim's decision to report the crime to police, to allocate that resource, becomes an economic choice. A victim cannot receive social support or legal justice without revealing such information, but doing so creates real costs-social recrimination and lost privacy-with no guarantee of offender apprehension. This article explores the economics of the reporting and chronic nonreporting of rape in the context of this information-allocation problem. The empirical analysis addresses the extent to which social-support availability and evidentiary factors influence the reporting decision. Dichotomous and multinomial logit results, obtained using National Crime Survey data on a sample of rape victims, reveal how various demographic and crime-specific factors explain the decision to report and the selection of specific reasons for not reporting. Some of these factors reflect circumstances addressable as matters of procedure or policy.
INCREASES IN FEMALE LABOR FORCE ACTIVITY: WHAT SHOULD BE EXPECTED?

BACKGROUND Increases in the labor force activity of American women have become a well-studied trend in sociology. In 1900 only 20 percent of American women aged 18-64 were in the labor force. By 1940 the figure had risen to 30 percent. In 1970 about 50 percent of women in this age range were active in the labor force (Oppenheimer 1973). Participation was not synonymous With increased female status in the occupational structure. Rather, it appears that women have remained in highly sex segregatged occupations since 1900 (Gross 1969; Bergman, Aldeman 1973; Waldman, McEaddy 1974). The relative occupational status has actually declined since 1950 (Knudsen 1969; Sorkin 1973; Blitz 1974). Are these trends unexpected? This analysis goes beyond the description of these trends to illustrate the crucial role of the changing age structure in the interpretation of the changing labor force status of females. There are two major questions: 1) How much of the increase in the number of women in the labor force would have been predicted on the basis of changes in the age structure of the United States population, regardless of changes in labor force participation rates? 2) What types of changes in female occupational status would have been predicted on the basis of the changing age structure, regardless of changes in female labor force participation rates? The first question centers on the predicted increase in the total number of women employed; the second examines predicted changes in the various categories of occupational change.
Factors influencing fetal growth

Fetal growth is exponential and during the last 20 weeks of gestation the fetus gains 95% of its weight. Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow and transplacental glucose and fetal insulin are major determinants of fetal growth. The role of the fetal pituitary (growth hormone) and thyroid in fetal growth is not well understood; human anencephalic or athyroid fetuses usually have no or only minor retardation of growth. Also, it is not clear whether placental lactogen or somatomedin or a somatostatin-like substance of the placenta and fetus influences fetal growth. From experiments on rats it may be assumed that a specific placental-fetal growth-promoting and growth-regulating factors(s) exists. Identification of such a placental-fetal growth factor(s) in humans might aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fetal growth retardation.
Signal processing for order 10 pm accuracy displacement metrology in real-world scientific applications

This paper describes heterodyne displacement metrology gauge signal processing methods that achieve satisfactory robustness against low signal strength and spurious signals, and good long-term stability. We have a proven displacement-measuring approach that is useful not only to space-optical projects at JPL, but also to the wider field of distance measurements.
Algorithms Based on Pattern Analysis for Verification and Adapter Creation for Business Process Composition

With more automation in inter-organizational supply chains and proliferation of Web services technology, the need for organizations to link their business services and processes is becoming increasingly important. Ideally, such linking must be automated and also possible to do on-the-fly in an ad hoc manner. In this paper, we view business processes in terms of standard patterns, and describe a pattern compatibility matrix and rules that allow us to simplify the task of checking compatibility between two or more processes because these prerequisite rules can be applied to each pattern separately, thus reducing the search space. We give an algorithm for applying these rules to check process compatibility. If two processes are compatible, we determine whether an adapter is required, and if so, a minimal adapter is generated by another algorithm. Two variants of the algorithm (PBA and PBA-MIN) are implemented, and experimental results and comparisons with an existing algorithm are given.
Enhanced colonic carcinogenesis with azoxymethane in rats after pancreaticobiliary diversion to mid small bowel.

Abstract Since biliary excretion of metabolites might determine the pattern of intestinal neoplasms induced by azoxymethane, the number and distribution of tumors were studied in rats after pancreaticobiliary diversion to the mid small bowel. Pancreaticobiliary diversion was performed either immediately before the first of 16 weekly injections of azoxymethane or 10 days after the last. Seven months after pancreaticobiliary diversion, persistent ileal hyperplasia was manifested by higher levels of mucosal RNA and DNA compared with controls (34–102%: P P P
Simulated temperature increase in a head/eye model containing an intraocular retinal prosthesis

We study electromagnetic power deposition and temperature elevation in the human head due to an implantable intraocular retinal prosthesis designed to restore limited vision to individuals suffering blindness from outer retinal degeneration such as Retinitis Pigmentosa and Age-related Macula Degeneration. We have developed a high-resolution 2D human head and eye model at 0.25 mm spatial resolution in order to numerically simulate temperature elevation in the eye and surrounding tissues. A 2D finite difference time domain method (FDTD) with material independent absorbing boundary conditions is used to predict with high detail the specific absorption rate (SAR) induced via inductive powering and telemetry with the implant. A highly detailed heating pattern in the eye tissues due to SAR and power dissipation in the implanted stimulator is computed using a 2D time-domain numerical implementation of the bioheat equation.
X-ray dose rate and dose fractionation studies on mutation in Paramecium.

The contribution of two-hit mutational events to x-ray induced lethal and slow-growth mutation in Paramecium aurelia was estimated by dose-rate and dose-fractionation studies. The half-life of the lesions producing the two-hit events is of the order of minutes under log phase conditions, whereas our earlier work shows that the half-life for one-hit, reparable premutational lesions is of the order of hours. Both types of lesions have longer halflives in stationary phase, as shown in our earlier work for one-hit damage, and in the present study for two-hit. At least two kinds of reparable lesions are induced in chromosomes by x rays. These include a lesion with a short half-life in log phase that can interact with similar lesions to produce two-hit events, and a lesion with a longer half-life that is unable to interact to produce twohit events, and produces final mutation only when the chromosomes duplicate. The first lesion is presumed to be a chromosomal break that can interact to produce chromosomal aberrations, and the second lesion is presumed to be the reparable precursor of point mutations. Genetic evidence for this identification is not available, however. The relative contribution of these two kinds of lesions to the final mutationmore » will depend on the dose, on the relation of the dose rate to the rate of rejoining of the breaks, and on the rate and time available for repair of the precursor of point mutation. This latter type of lesion can contribute most of the mutations under some conditions, essentially none under others. (auth)« less
Normal-form parsing for Combinatory Categorial Grammars with generalized composition and type-raising

We propose and implement a modification of the Eisner (1996) normal form to account for generalized composition of bounded degree, and an extension to deal with grammatical type-raising.
The frequency of multiple paternity suggests that sperm competition is common in house mice (Mus domesticus).

Sexual selection is an important force driving the evolution of morphological and genetic traits. To determine the importance of male–male, postcopulatory sexual selection in natural populations of house mice, we estimated the frequency of multiple paternity, defined as the frequency with which a pregnant female carried a litter fertilized by more than one male. By genotyping eight microsatellite markers from 1095 mice, we found evidence of multiple paternity from 33 of 143. Evidence for multiple paternity was especially strong for 29 of these litters. Multiple paternity was significantly more common in higher-density vs. lower-density populations. Any estimate of multiple paternity will be an underestimate of the frequency of multiple mating, defined as the frequency with which a female mates with more than a single male during a single oestrus cycle. We used computer simulations to estimate the frequency of multiple mating, incorporating observed reductions in heterozygosity and levels of allele sharing among mother and father. These simulations indicated that multiple mating is common, occurring in at least 20% of all oestrus cycles. The exact estimate depends on the competitive skew among males, a parameter for which we currently have no data from natural populations. This study suggests that sperm competition is an important aspect of postcopulatory sexual selection in house mice.
Vibronic spin—orbit coupling in the phosphorescence of 4-hydroxypyridine

Abstract A phosphorescence emission and polarization study of 4-hydroxypyridine has been performed in EPA and in alkaline EPA. In contrast to the lack of luminescence from pyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine phosphoresces with φp = 0.40 (77°K) in EPA and τp = 0.27 sec. The 00 band of phosphorescence in EPA is clearly resolved at 29,940 cm−1 and is out of plane polarized. An out of plane vibronic perturbation is evident in the polarization curve and is believed to arise from second order effects involving vibronic spin—orbit coupling. The out of plane vibration contributes in plane polarization outside the 00 band. The positive polarization of the 00 band in alkaline EPA is attributed to the inversion of two close lying perpendicularly polarized singlet states. No phosphorescence was observed in methylcyclohexane. The lowest triplet is assigned as π,π*3.
A reevaluation of radiation damage cross sections

Abstract In the past years, INC models simulating spallation reactions have been undergoing considerable development, and their results are more and more scrutinized by experimental work. Recently, IAEA has led an international collaboration to independently benchmark various INC models. The preliminary results of this collaboration indicate that while the Bertini model performs well in predicting neutron production, it greatly lacks the capability to predict light charged particle emission compared to CEM’03 and INCL. This drives us to completely reevaluate the NCSU radiation damage cross section database, which was developed 7 years ago using a combination of CEM2k and Bertini models for benchmarking experimental data. The reevaluation currently involves just the CEM’03 model in MCNPX due our limited code access. Our preliminary results are in reasonable agreement with the NCSU database for the helium and hydrogen production cross section, but there are obvious differences for the displacement cross section. Such similarities and differences are being investigated, and the validity of the CEM’03 model for predicting radiation damage to materials is being examined. The reevaluated radiation damage cross sections presented in this paper are used in calculating radiation damage to the target assembly currently running at SNS, and the results are compared with those of previous studies.
N-body dynamics and the collective field method

Abstract We apply the collective field formalism of Jevicki and Sakita to a simple, exactly solvable model of interacting bosons. We show how their approach easily reproduces known results for this system in the large N approximation.
Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Their Mothers

While domestic violence and child abuse are known to be highly correlated, several related areas of functioning of victim mothers and children are not well researched and have implications for the provision of services. Fifty mothers and children were referred by service agencies for independent structured interviews and psychological assessment. Assessment focused on evidence of posttraumatic reexperiencing, avoidance, physiological arousal, associated symptoms, and parenting skills. A complex pattern of results documented high levels of abuse and associated trauma disorders in both the children and their mothers. However, the presence of disorders was generally not correlated between children and mothers, and affected mothers were less likely to seek mental health services for their children (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Psychosocial support for children and families requiring renal replacement therapy

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) can place a great strain on the child and family. As well as the medical and nutritional prescription, each child and family requires an individual psychosocial prescription that requires input from multiprofessional team members. The information needs of each child and family need to be constantly evaluated as well as the choice of therapy in relation to social, psychological and economic factors. Many tertiary units lack adequate “time” to deliver such assessments and coordinate the support and respite care for those on long-term dialysis, especially when significant numbers of children are now accepted onto RRT programmes with co-morbidities. National and international standards are needed for the staffing of comprehensive tertiary paediatric renal units as well as studies evaluating supportive care to families.
Reflections on the Civil War in New Jersey: Men, Women, and Archives

Introduction and Acknowledgments this special issue of The Journal of the Rutgers University Libraries (JRUL) commemorates the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the american civil War (1861–1865) in the state of new Jersey. although the battlefields were miles from its borders, the bitter struggles of the civil War had a profound effect on new Jersey, which supplied over 88,000 men to the Union armies, and was represented in every major battle. 6,082 enlisted men and 218 officers lost their lives in the course of the war.1 the thousands of new Jersey men wounded in the war suffered untold physical, psychological, and economic hardships in the years ahead. on the home front, women, children, and the elderly struggled to keep farms, businesses, and schools afloat in the absence of husbands, sons, and fathers. Women played an important role in supporting the war, both at home and on the battlefield, despite the constrictions of gender roles of the time. While new Jersey african americans welcomed the fight to abolish slavery, their role in the conflict was also limited by the racist structures and beliefs of their society. the authors who have contributed to this special issue of the JRUL will explore all of these issues. this sesquicentennial period (2011–2015) has reignited interest in the civil War, resulting in numerous publications, exhibitions, and public programs throughout the state, particularly through the efforts of the new Jersey civil War sesquicentennial committee. special collections and University archives of Rutgers University libraries (sc/Ua) sponsored a major exhibition, Struggle Without End: New Jersey and the Civil War, and a series of programs, which were generously supported by the new Jersey council for the humanities, a state partner of the national endowment for the humanities. several of the program presenters are contributors
Fourier transform infrared studies in hypergolic ignition of ionic liquids.

A class of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity toward fuming nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the preignition phase indicates the evolution of N2O from both the dicyanamide and azide RTILs. Evidence for the evolution of CO2 and isocyanic acid (HNCO) with similar temporal behavior to N2O from reaction of the dicyanamide ionic liquids with nitric acid is presented. Evolution of HN3 is detected from the azides. No evolution of HCN from the dicyanamide reactions was detected. From the FTIR observations, biuret reaction tests, and initial ab initio calculations, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of N2O, CO2, and HNCO from the dicyanamide reactions during prei...
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid and Immunocompetence in Young Healthy Men

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the absence of eicosapentaenoic acid, on human immune response (IR). A 120-d study with 11 healthy men was conducted at the Metabolic Research Unit of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center. Four subjects (control group) were fed the stabilization or basal diet (15, 30, and 55% energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively) throughout the study; the remaining seven subjects (DHA group) were fed the basal diet for the first 30 d, followed by 6 g DHA/d for the next 90 d. DHA replaced an equivalent amount of linoleic acid; the two diets were comparable in their total fat and all other nutrients. Both diets were supplemented with 20 mg d-alpha-tocopherol acetate per day. Indices of IR were examined on study day 22, 30, 78, 85, 106, and 113. Addition of DHA at moderately high levels did not alter the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, or the delayed hypersensitivity skin response. Also, additional DHA did not alter the number of T cells producing interleukin 2 (IL2), the ratio between the helper/suppressor T cells in circulation, or the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, C3, and interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R). DHA supplementation, however, caused a significant (P = 0.0001) decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells which was mainly due to a decrease in the number of circulating granulocytes. The number of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation was not affected by Dietary DHA enrichment, but the percentage of lymphocytes in white blood cells increased because of a reduction in granulocyte numbers. None of these indices was changed in the control group. Our results show that when total fat intake is low and held constant, DHA consumption does not inhibit many of the lymphocyte functions which have been reported to be inhibited by fish oil consumption.
Effects of light on metalloporphyrin-treated newborn mice.

UNLABELLED Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a promising metalloporphyrin with sufficient potency, but has poor solubility and is not absorbed well orally. Intragastric administration of ZnPP microparticles (30 μmol/kg) to 3-day-old mice resulted in a twofold increase in potency and no signs of phototoxicity. CONCLUSION The use of polymeric particulate delivery systems can improve the stability and enhance intestinal absorption of ZnPP, while retaining HO inhibitory potency without photosensitising effects, and thus is potentially useful in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
The Futility of Neglecting Physical Aspects of Disability

T he diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain patients from the perspective of the traditional medical model often results in considerable confusion and frustration for all involved. Management of the individual patient with this approach has focused on the clinical history and physical findings, and the correlation of these findings with diagnostic tests. It is assumed that the data obtained from the interview, examination, and laboratory procedures provide reliable measures that permit valid diagnostic and prognostic interpretations. Difficulties in determining and measuring the medical and physical signs and symptoms that may be related to patients' reports of pain are well recognized, and as yet there are no widely accepted criteria for scoring the presence, absence, extent, or importance of particular biomedical f indings or diagnostic procedures. 6 To complicate matters further, physicians, at least in the United States, are being requested to integrate vague and often unreliable information not only to make diagnostic decisions, but also to make disability determinations and prognostic predictions. Stieg has succinctly argued that, at least as currently operationalized, biomedical and physical findings are not up to the task of accurately predicting disability and, we would add, treatment outcomes. To oversimplify, he asserts that disability is a legal rather than a medical issue and, whatever the illusive construct of disability involves, it cannot be measured or predicted by focusing on physical findings. Additionally, he suggests that existing research does