cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The One Who Sees: Luke 22:47–62

This chapter focuses on the female slave found in Luke 22, the scene of Peter’s denial. Cobb argues that this enslaved female character is a truth-teller and a focalizor within the narrative whose presence overturns the superiority of Peter as the ideal disciple. Cobb compares Luke 22 to the episodes in Mark and Matthew and then places this scene in dialogue with two other ancient narratives: the Greek novel Callirhoe by Chariton and the early Christian narrative The Acts of Thomas. This feminist analysis focuses on the gaze of the paidiskē as she sees and recognizes Peter in the firelight. In this moment, hierarchies are overturned as the free male apostle speaks a lie while an enslaved female outsider speaks the truth.
What are X-rays, Anyway: A Modern View of the Nature of Light and its Implications for the Future of X-ray Science

Few problems in physics have received more attention than the complex nature of light. The historical roller coaster of its description dates back to Huygens and Newton around 1700 and seemed to ha...
An Optical Wireless Temperature Sensor

This paper presents a wireless temperature sensor that uses a GaAs solar cell as a wireless transmitter of information. Transmission of information with a solar cell is possible by modulating the luminescent radiation emitted by the solar cell. This technique, dubbed Optical Frequency Identification or OFID, was recently reported in the literature and in this work is used to transmit temperature measurements wirelessly. The hardware design of an OFID temperature sensor tag and its corresponding reader is described. A prototype of the proposed sensor was built as a proof of concept. Experimental results demonstrate wireless data transmission at a distance of 1 m distance and at a bit rate of 1200 bps. The wireless temperature sensor has a maximum error of 0.39◦C (after calibration) with respect to a high-precision temperature meter.
Chapter 23 – Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants

The final chapter takes a detailed look at the environmental advantages and possible detrimental effects of geothermal power plants. Most countries have laws that regulate the construction and operation of power plants in order to preserve the natural environment and safeguard the people, flora, and fauna of the region. Geothermal plants have advantages over other types of plants in the areas of gaseous emissions, land usage, solids discharge, water usage, and water pollution. The issues of land subsidence; induced seismicity and landslides; disturbance of natural hydrothermal manifestations, wildlife habitat, vegetation, and scenic vistas; noise pollution; catastrophic events; and thermal pollution warrant serious attention from scientists and engineers when developing sites. Several of these can be controlled with current technology and others can be avoided through proper design, engineering, and construction.
Effect of Observational Evaluation of Food Safety Curricula on High School Students' Behavior Change.

ABSTRACT High school students have limited food safety knowledge and lack safe food handling skills. However, youth of high school age are frequently employed in food service and will prepare food for themselves. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a food safety educational intervention for changing students' food handling behaviors, and the theory of planned behavior was used to construct factors that contribute to behavior change. A combination of stationary and wearable (GoPro) cameras was used to observe the food handling practices of high school students in key areas, including food thermometer use, hand washing and hand drying, glove changing, and environmental cleaning. The percentage of correct food handling techniques was measured categorically, and the number of groups who complied with thermometer use and environmental cleaning guidelines was recorded. The percentage of students using correct hand washing, hand drying, and glove changing techniques significantly increased in the postobservation cooking session. However, the percentage of correct hand washing and glove changing events remained <50% for certain subcategories: hand washing time (38%), hand washing after handling raw produce (36%) and touching skin (20%), changing gloves after gloves became contaminated or torn (47%), and washing hands between glove changes (15%). Students modified their behaviors to comply with subjective norms related to the study, including instructor expectations, but some students did not plan to change the behaviors they practiced at home. Students cited food handling behaviors they observed their parents using when making decisions about how to prepare food. This study highlights the need for the development of food safety educational interventions that encourage safe food handling skills and address influences from key subjective norm groups. HIGHLIGHTS
LAMP-BEAC: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Using RT-LAMP and Molecular Beacons

Abstract Background Rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global pandemic, resulting in the need for rapid assays to allow diagnosis and prevention of transmission. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) provides a gold standard assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, but tests are expensive and supply chains are potentially fragile, motivating interest in additional assay methods. Reverse Transcription and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) provides an alternative that uses orthogonal and often less expensive reagents without the need for thermocyclers. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is typically detected using dyes to report bulk amplification of DNA; however a common artifact is nonspecific DNA amplification, which complicates detection. Results Here we describe the design and testing of molecular beacons, which allow sequence-specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes with improved discrimination in simple reaction mixtures. To optimize beacons for RT-LAMP, multiple locked nucleic acid monomers were incorporated to elevate melting temperatures. We also show how beacons with different fluorescent labels can allow convenient multiplex detection of several amplicons in “single pot” reactions, including incorporation of a human RNA LAMP-BEAC assay to confirm sample integrity. Comparison of LAMP-BEAC and RT-qPCR on clinical saliva samples showed good concordance between assays. We also describe custom polymerases for LAMP-BEAC and inexpensive purification procedures. Conclusions LAMP-BEAC thus provides an affordable and simple SARS-CoV-2 RNA assay suitable for population screening.
A general method of obtaining exact sampling probabilities of the shannon-wiener measure of informationĤ

A two-variable generating function is described which yields the sampling probabilities of the Shannon-Wiener information measure. Expansion and collection of terms in like powers of the first variable imposes the restriction that the sum of thek category frequencies equaln; collection of terms in like powers of the second variable then produces terms whose coefficients are the required probabilities. The method may be used with either equal or unequal category probabilities for any finiten andk, and thus represents a general solution to the small sample problem. Tables of sampling probabilities are presented.
Research Trends Analysis of Oilseed Rape During Recent 10 Years Based on Web of Science

Based on the oilseed rape related papers(with oilseed rape as topic) in the SCI-EXPANDED database of Web of Science during 2004-2013,the annual trend of published paper numbers and countries / regions,research institutions,journals,and highly cited papers with higher influence were analyzed.The research front of oilseed rape were summarized according to the Essential Science Indicators database.The bibliometrics indices were ranked comprehensively using the means of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with three different weights.The results showed that more and more attention had been paid to the oilseed rape research in the world.Overall,the United States,Canada,Germany,England,France,and some other European countries were leading the oilseed rape research.There were a large number of papers published by the research institutions from Canada,United States,and China,while the papers published by European institutions were higher qualified and more influential.Both of the excellent journals that carried oilseed rape research papers and the highly cited papers were mainly from Europe countries and the United States.The research hotspots in oilseed rape were Brassica napus L.,rapeseed oil,biodiesel,gene expression,and so on.
Associations Between Vitamin B6 Status and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Among US Older Adults: NHANES 2003−2004

Objectives Previous evidence suggests that vitamin B6 deficiency may have a deleterious impact on aging and the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, the relationship of aging with vitamin B6 status and PUFA metabolism is poorly understood; population-based studies to assess the relationship between plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP; an active form of vitamin B6) and PUFA status for older adults are lacking. Thus, we examined the associations between plasma PLP concentration and plasma PUFA concentrations and ratios [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA + DHA, EPA/AA, and (EPA + DHA)/AA] among US older adults. We further investigated the association of adequate (PLP ≥ 20 nmol/L) versus deficient (PLP < 20 nmol/L) vitamin B6 status in those participants with plasma PUFA concentration above the median.
Partitioning of Forage Mass and Nutritive Value in Sunn Hemp Leaf and Stem Components

Sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, annual, warm-season tropical legume that could complement less productive cool-season forages such as tall fescue during summer. Little is known about seasonal forage mass and nutritive value partitioning in SH plant components when SH is managed for forage. We determined partitioning of forage mass and nutritive value (crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD)) concentrations in SH leaves and stems harvested 35, 45, and 55 days after planting (DAP) at Bradford Research Center, Columbia, MO, in a 2-year field study. Leaf and stem mass increased with increasing DAP and was greatest ( ) at 55 DAP followed by 45 and 35 DAP. Stems contributed most to the total forage mass beyond 45 DAP. Across years, CP was greatest ( ) in leaves (281 g kg−1 DM) and lowest for stems (81 g kg−1 DM) at 55 DAP. The lowest NDF ( ) was observed in leaves (251 g kg−1 DM) and stems (585 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Acid detergent fiber was lowest ( ) for SH leaves (178 g kg−1 DM) and stems (484 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Digestibility of leaves was greater than that of stems and generally decreased with maturity. The nutritive value of leaves was consistently greater than that of stems and decreased with maturity, except for CP of leaves, which was maintained throughout the season. Results suggested that SH leaves can maintain forage mass and greater quality than its stem throughout the growing season.
SU-E-J-55: End-To-End Effectiveness Analysis of 3D Surface Image Guided Voluntary Breath-Holding Radiotherapy for Left Breast

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of using 3D-surface-image to guide breath-holding (BH) left-side breast treatment. Methods Two 3D surface image guided BH procedures were implemented and evaluated: normal-BH, taking BH at a comfortable level, and deep-inspiration-breath-holding (DIBH). A total of 20 patients (10 Normal-BH and 10 DIBH) were recruited. Patients received a BH evaluation using a commercialized 3D-surface- tracking-system (VisionRT, London, UK) to quantify the reproducibility of BH positions prior to CT scan. Tangential 3D/IMRT plans were conducted. Patients were initially setup under free-breathing (FB) condition using the FB surface obtained from the untaged CT to ensure a correct patient position. Patients were then guided to reach the planned BH position using the BH surface obtained from the BH CT. Action-levels were set at each phase of treatment process based on the information provided by the 3D-surface-tracking-system for proper interventions (eliminate/re-setup/ re-coaching). We reviewed the frequency of interventions to evaluate its effectiveness. The FB-CBCT and port-film were utilized to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-surface-guided setups. Results 25% of BH candidates with BH positioning uncertainty > 2mm are eliminated prior to CT scan. For >90% of fractions, based on the setup deltas from3D-surface-trackingsystem, adjustments of patient setup are needed after themore » initial-setup using laser. 3D-surface-guided-setup accuracy is comparable as CBCT. For the BH guidance, frequency of interventions (a re-coaching/re-setup) is 40%(Normal-BH)/91%(DIBH) of treatments for the first 5-fractions and then drops to 16%(Normal-BH)/46%(DIBH). The necessity of re-setup is highly patient-specific for Normal-BH but highly random among patients for DIBH. Overall, a −0.8±2.4 mm accuracy of the anterior pericardial shadow position was achieved. Conclusion 3D-surface-image technology provides effective intervention to the treatment process and ensures favorable day-to-day setup accuracy. DIBH setup appears to be more uncertain and this would be the patient group who will definitely benefit from the extra information of 3D surface setup.« less
Metabolism of progesterone by placentas from several mammalian species in vitro

Abstract 20α-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (20α-HSDH) activity and 20α-dihydroprogesterone concentration (20α-DHP) reach peak values in the human placenta after vaginal delivery. To determine if these findings are unique to the human, we measured 20α-HSDH activity as well as endogenous progesterone (P) and 20α-DHP concentration in the soluble supernatant fraction of placental tissues obtained from rodents (rat, rabbit, guinea pig), ungulates (horse, zebra, giraffe, cow), and primates (squirrel monkey, orangutan, man). P concentration was very low in rodents (mean 0.60 ng/mg protein), increased slightly in ungulates (mean 2.89 ng/mg protein), and reached a maximum value in the human (34.43 ng/mg protein) 20α-DHP concentration had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93) with P tissue content; it was low in rodents (mean 0.21 ng/mg protein), increased slightly in ungulates (mean 0.79 ng/mg protein), and reached a maximum value in the human (39.53 ng/mg protein). 20α-HSDH activity, however, had a poor correlation with 20α-DHP tissue concentrations: Its lowest value was in the guinea pig (9.34 pmole/mg protein/hour) and the highest was in the horse (3.19 nmole/mg protein/hour). These results indicate that a high level of activity of the P to 20α-DHP pathway with significant tissue accumulation of 20α-DHP is unique to the human placenta and reinforce the possibility of its causing in situ P withdrawal as a part of the overall mechanism of human parturition.
A methodology for producing improved focused elements

This paper reports the results of our experiments to consistently produce highly ranked focused elements in response to the Focused Task of the INEX Ad Hoc Track. The results of these experiments, performed using the 2008 INEX collection, confirm that our current methodology (described herein) produces such elements for this collection. Our goal for 2009 is to apply this methodology to the new, extended 2009 INEX collection to determine its viability in this environment. (These experiments are currently underway.) Our system uses our method for dynamic element retrieval [4], working with the semi-structured text of Wikipedia [5], to produce a rank-ordered list of elements in the context of focused retrieval. It is based on the Vector Space Model [15]; basic functions are performed using the Smart experimental retrieval system [14]. Experimental results are reported for the Focused Task of both the 2008 and 2009 INEX Ad Hoc Tracks.
Predicting Academic Achievement Among Bilingual Hispanic College Technical Students

The predictive validity of each of several mathematics and language variables relative to criteria of grade point average (GPA) and word problem-solving skills for a group of 60 undergraduate Hispa...
In Memoriam: Terence Copley (1947–2011)

Terence Copley, who served 2006–2011 on the Editorial Board of Religious Education, died January 17, 2011 in Devon, England. From 2007–2010 Copley was Professor of Educational Studies (Religious Ed...
Interferons: Their Purification and Characterization

Cells which encounter a variety of substances called (by interferonologists) “interferon-inducers” begin to produce and release substances which are called (perhaps again only by interferonologists, but maybe other names by investigators of different orientation) “interferons”, which among other activities, induce cells to become virus resistant. In this Section, I shall try to define interferons, describe how they have been purified and present evidence that they are responsible for the pleiotypic activities attributed to them in subsequent Sections.
Antagonism of nitrous oxide-induced anxiolytic-like behavior in the mouse light/dark exploration procedure by pharmacologic disruption of endogenous nitric oxide function.

Previous studies have shown the anxiolytic-like effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) to be sensitive to antagonism by non-specific inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The present study was conducted to demonstrate further the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and ascertain whether a specific isoform of NOS is involved in N2O-induced behavior in mice. Male NIH Swiss mice were tested in the light/dark exploration test to determine how N2O-induced behavior was affected by the following pretreatments: the NO scavenger hemoglobin (Hb); the selective nNOS-inhibitor S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC); the selective eNOS-inhibitor N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (l-NIO); and the selective iNOS-inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT). Furthermore, NOS activity was assessed in the whole brain as well as five brain areas of N2O- versus room air-exposed mice to determine the effects of N2O on NOS activity. The behavioral effects of N2O in the light/dark exploration test were significantly attenuated following pretreatment with Hb (2.0 nmol, i.c.v.), SMTC (0.3 µg and 1.0 µg per mouse, i.c.v.) and the higher dose of l-NIO (30 mg/kg, s.c.). However, the N2O-induced behavioral effect was unaltered by pretreatment with either the lower dose of l-NIO (10 mg/kg, s.c.) or AMT (1.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Finally exposure to 50% N2O for 15 min significantly increased NOS activity in the cerebellum and corpus striatum but not in other brain regions or whole brain. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that NO is involved in N2O-induced anxiolytic-like behavior and that this NO is the product of nNOS enzyme activity.
Thermally Forced Transients in the Thermohaline Circulation

AbstractThe response of a convective ocean basin to variations in atmospheric temperature is explored using numerical models and theory. The results indicate that the general behavior depends strongly on the frequency at which the atmosphere changes relative to the local response time to air–sea heat flux. For high-frequency forcing, the convective region in the basin interior is essentially one-dimensional and responds to the integrated local surface heat flux anomalies. For low-frequency forcing, eddy fluxes from the boundary current into the basin interior become important and act to suppress variability forced by the atmosphere. A theory is developed to quantify this time-dependent response and its influence on various oceanic quantities. The amplitude and phase of the temperature and salinity of the convective water mass, the meridional overturning circulation, the meridional heat flux, and the air–sea heat flux predicted by the theory compare well with that diagnosed from a series of numerical model...
Animal Models of Stress Urinary Incontinence

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common health problem significantly affecting the quality of life of women worldwide. Animal models that simulate SUI enable the assessment of the mechanism of risk factors for SUI in a controlled fashion, including childbirth injuries, and enable preclinical testing of new treatments and therapies for SUI. Animal models that simulate childbirth are presently being utilized to determine the mechanisms of the maternal injuries of childbirth that lead to SUI with the goal of developing prophylactic treatments. Methods of assessing SUI in animals that mimic diagnostic methods used clinically have been developed to evaluate the animal models. Use of these animal models to test innovative treatment strategies has the potential to improve clinical management of SUI. This chapter provides a review of the available animal models of SUI, as well as a review of the methods of assessing SUI in animal models, and potential treatments that have been tested on these models.
Cannibal Margarine and Reactionary Snapple: A Comparative Examination of Rumors about Commodities

This article surveys rumors and ‘contemporary legends' concerned with the contamination or adulteration of various commodities. The article compares common Euro-American folktales like the ‘Kentuck...
T and B lymphocytes in patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis.

The T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were reduced in patients with glomerulonephritis treated with hemodialysis as compared to normals. Although the absolute number of ‘null’ cells was also decreased, the percentage of ‘null’ cells was increased in these patients.
The Role of Ligand Displacement in Sm(II)−HMPA-Based Reductions

Addition of HMPA to [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2] produces a less reactive reductant in contrast to addition of HMPA to SmI2. While the [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2]−HMPA combination results in a more powerful reductant based on the redox potential, the observed decrease in reactivity is attributed to steric hindrance caused by the nonlabile ligand −N(SiMe3)2 and HMPA around the Sm metal. The importance of ligand displacement (exchange) in Sm(II)−HMPA-based reactions and insight into the mechanism of [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2]−HMPA and SmI2−HMPA reductions are presented.
A New Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Algorithm: IRT/IRT1↑/DNA

Objective To evaluate an immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) IRT/IRT1 upward arrow/DNA algorithm, aimed at improving sensitivity while decreasing cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier identification. Study design New technologies allow the measurement of the second IRT level solely in infants with an elevated first IRT level. Specimens with an elevated second IRT level undergo mutation analysis. We tested the projected efficacy with retrospective data from Colorado. Results All known infants with CF would have been identified with our proposed IRT cutoff points, and 3 would have been missed with our mutation panel. Two of 3 missed cases would have been identified by using a failsafe method (IRT >99.9th percentile), yielding a sensitivity rate of 99.7% (95% CI, 98.4-99.9). Estimated reduction in carrier detection was 80% compared with IRT/DNA. Conclusion IRT/IRT1 upward arrow/DNA appears to improve cystic fibrosis newborn screen sensitivity while decreasing carrier identification, providing an alternative to IRT/IRT in states that obtain 2 blood spots.
Type I iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme

Although thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) is the principal secretory product of the vertebrate thyroid, its essential metabolic and developmental effects are all mediated by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), which is produced from the prohormone by 5'-deiodination. The type-I iodothyronine deiodinase, a thiol-requiring propylthiouracil-sensitive oxidoreductase, is found mainly in liver and kidney and provides most of the circulating T3(1) but so far this enzyme has not been purified. Using expression cloning in the Xenopus oocyte, we have isolated a 2.1-kilobase complementary DNA for this deiodinase from a rat liver cDNA library. The kinetic properties of the protein expressed in transient assay systems, the tissue distribution of the messenger RNA, and its changes with thyroid status, all confirm its identity. We find that the mRNA for this enzyme contains a UGA codon for selenocysteine which is necessary for maximal enzyme activity. This explains why conversion of T4 to T3 is impaired in experimental selenium deficiency and identifies an essential role for this trace element in thyroid hormone action.
Types of social support and their relationships to physical and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure.

Abstract Objectives To examine the various types of social support associated with physical and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with heart failure (HF) and the mediating effects of symptoms on the relationship between social support and HRQOL. Background Patients with HF have a high burden of physical and depressive symptoms, along with poor HRQOL. Social support may improve symptoms and HRQOL. Methods Data on social support (marital status, family relationships, relationships with health care providers, social networks, emotional support, and instrumental support), symptoms, and HRQOL were collected from 71 patients. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the data. Results Emotional support was related to all physical and depressive symptoms and HRQOL. Physical and depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between emotional support and HRQOL. Conclusions Further studies are needed to identify ways to improve emotional support and determine whether the improvement leads to improvements in symptoms and HRQOL.
Efficient sampling-based motion planning with asymptotic near-optimality guarantees for systems with dynamics

Recent motion planners, such as RRT*, that achieve asymptotic optimality require a local planner, which connects two states with a trajectory. For systems with dynamics, the local planner corresponds to a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) solver, which is not always available. Furthermore, asymptotically optimal solutions tend to increase computational costs relative to alternatives, such as RRT, that focus on feasibility. This paper describes a sampling-based solution with the following desirable properties: a) it does not require a BVP solver but only uses a forward propagation model, b) it employs a single propagation per iteration similar to RRT, making it very efficient, c) it is asymptotically near-optimal, and d) provides a sparse data structure for answering path queries, which further improves computational performance. Simulations on prototypical dynamical systems show the method is able to improve the quality of feasible solutions over time and that it is computationally efficient.
Learning and communication theory

Learning theory and communication theory share many problems in common. The developments in learning theory in the last decade can provide significant contributions to the growth of communication theory. Communication theorists can no longer ignore the basic structural and dynamic models of the learning process.
Multiple obstacles to gene therapy in the brain

Neuwelt et al. have proposed gene-transfer experiments utilizing an animal model that offers many important advantages for investigating the feasibility of gene therapy in the human brain. A variety of tissues concerning the viral vector and mode of delivery of the corrective genes need to be resolved, however, before such therapy is scientifically supportable.
A disassembly process model for end-of-life activities of manufactured products

The companies have to reuse/recover/recycle their products at the end of product life according to new environmental regulations to achieve sustainability. The disassembly process is one of the most important processes to recover/recycle/maintain products safely, economically and efficiently. A process model for disassembly needs to be developed and integrated with the product information model to collect and retrieve the necessary information as per the requirements of different EOL activities. In this paper, different activities related to end-of-life processes (along with the disassembly process) have been studied extensively. The process models related to those activities are created in the IDEF0 diagrams that will help us identify the information flow among the EOL activities. The information flow is then used to develop an information model for the complete, consistent and unambiguous information exchange among different systems.
A Partially Constrained Eulerian Orthogonal Cutting Model for Chip Control Tools

A partially constrained Eulerian finite element model for orthogonal machining with chip control tools is described. A new constrained free surface algorithm was developed in which the chip thickness was constrained to be uniform along the length of the chip. Using the model, the deformed chip shape and thickness, chip-tool contact, and the velocity, strain, stress, and temperature distributions can be determined. Simulations for machining of stainless steel 304 (SS 304) with obstruction and groove tools are presented. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted tool forces and chip thicknesses.
Sliding wear and friction characteristics of six Zn-based die-casting alloys

Abstract The friction and wear characteristics of zinc-based alloys in warm, oil-lubricated, sliding contact against mild steel were investigated. The alloys, their compositions, and their microstructures included: pure Zn (100% Zn, η zinc), Zamak 3 (Zn4Al0.1Cu, η zinc plus η α eutectic), ZA 27 (Zn31Al2.3Cu, α aluminum plus η ga eutectic), ACuZinc 5 (Zn3.0Al5Cu) in die cast form, and ACuZinc 10 (Zn3.5Al10Cu, epsilon dendrites plus peritectic η plus η/α/ϵ ternary eutectic) in die cast and squeeze form. The test temperature, sliding speed, duration, and apparent contact pressure were 50°C, 0.15 m s−1, 7 h, and 6.9 MPa (1000 psi). The mass wear rates of the zinc-based alloys generally correlated directly with coefficient of friction and inversely with hardness. They varied by a factor of 27. The relatively high wear resistance of the ACuZinc alloys is attributed largely to the hard, copper-bearing, epsilon phase. In addition to high mass wear rates, the softer alloys showed significant changes in dimension and shape due to plastic flow, which appeared to consist of both lateral exudation of microscopic layers, and gross “mushrooming”. Zinc-rich transfer particles were found on the worn steel rings, associated with fine axial cracks on those rings. Macroscopic fibrous steel wear debris was generated in tests involving the harder zinc-based alloys. The hypothesized formation of such debris by multiple ploughing events is discussed briefly.
“Physical allergy.” Report of a case with successful treatment

Abstract A 53 year old woman had been subject to hives for the past 25 years. These came on after moderate exertion and overheating. Physical examination revealed a moderate arterial hypertension, and a dermatographism which did not permit skin tests. The patient's tolerance to exertion and excessive warmth was determined and found to be low. From data available from experiments and from treatment of a few similar cases reported, it was inferred that the mechanism underlying urticarial production could be exhausted. The patient was, therefore, subjected to immersion in warm water. This was followed by an intense urticarial eruption. The water temperature and length of immersion were gradually increased and symptoms correspondingly diminished until the patient finally became tolerant to heat and exercise and experienced no further symptoms.
Caring for older adults in the radiology department. Are you prepared

Elders are the fastest growing segment of our population. In fact, we are in the middle of a longevity revolution. They account for 50% of hospital days and fill 60-70% of hospital beds; in addition, they make up 70% of homecare patients and 90% of nursing home residents. The numbers and percentages of older adults are continuing to rise; they are now the core business of health care, using the majority of health care services. Older adults are not the same as younger adults, and the age-related changes that are present will affect the care provided. To provide compassionate, quality care, health care professionals need to be aware of the changes associated with aging. In fact, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations now requires that health care staff demonstrate age-specific competencies. This article provides an overview of normal age-related changes and strategies for caring for older adults in radiology departments, or “Clinical Alerts.” (J Radiol Nurs 2007;26:11-14.)
The asymptotic moment profile and maximum likelihood: Applications to gamma and gamma ratio densities

In previous papers ( Bowman and Shenton, 1998, 1999a ) we have given expressions for the asymptotic skewness and kurtosis for maximum likelihood estimators in the case of several parameters. Skewness is measured by the third standardized central moment, and kurtosis by the fourth standardized central moment. Moments of the basic structure are assumed to exist. The overarching entity is the covariance matrix ( Hessian form ), and elements of its inverse. These entities involve Stieltjes integrals relating to sums of products of multiple derivatives linked to the basic structure. The first paper dealt with skewness and gives a simple expression read¬ily computerized. The second paper is devoted to the forth standardized central moment and although a certain simplification is discovered, the resulting formula is still somewhat complicated, ft is surprising to find that the asymptotic kurtosis in general requires the evaluation of several hundred components. The present paper studies cases involving estimator...
Having a syntactic choice is not always better: the effects of syntactic flexibility on Korean production

Sentence production requires speakers to select lexical items and a structural frame necessary to communicate a message. The present study examines how Korean speakers choose between alternative syntactic structures. Following the methodology of Ferreira, we conducted a series of production studies investigating the effects of syntactic flexibility in Korean numeral quantifier constructions and active/passive constructions. Two models of sentence production make different predictions regarding the effects of syntactic flexibility. The competitive model predicts that syntactic flexibility should cause production difficulties (e.g. longer production latencies and more errors) because alternative structures compete for selection, restricting one another's availability. In contrast, according to the incremental model, syntactic flexibility should facilitate production (e.g. shorter production latencies and fewer errors) because it allows more accessible lexical items to be accommodated sooner. Ferreira's resu...
On production for digital culture: iPhone Girl, electronics assembly, and the material forms of aspiration

In 2008, a British man found that his new iPhone contained photographs of a smiling woman on an iPhone assembly line in China. The photos quickly spread across the internet; the worker was dubbed iPhone Girl; and her factory promised she would not be punished for this ‘beautiful mistake’. New media criticism has a major stake in user-embodiment but has largely neglected this other set of bodies: those that build our electronic gadgets. Attending them can enrich histories of new media and challenge consumerist framings of digital aesthetics. Recent excitement about gestural interfaces suggests that our aspirations for intimacy with computers have informed the design of emergent devices. To idealize gestural control as an escape from technology’s disciplinary effects, we elide the suffering that gesture occasions on the factory floor. Meanwhile, digital culture represents the Asian female as a vessel for fantasies of sex, submissiveness, and adventure. Such fantasies deeply inform the reception of electroni...
Language variation on Internet Relay Chat: A social network approach

This paper examines linguistic variation on an Internet Relay Chat channel with respect to the hypothesis, based on the model of Milroy and Milroy (1992), that standard variants tend to be associated with weak social network ties, while vernacular variants are associated with strong network ties. An analysis of frequency of contact as a measure of tie strength reveals a structured relationship between tie strength and several linguistic variants. However, the variant features are associated with social positions in a way that does not correlate neatly with tie strength. An account of these results is proposed in terms of the social functions of the different variables and the larger social context of IRC affecting tie strength.
Overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria: Identifying provider barriers to evidence-based care

Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a significant contributor to antibiotic overuse in hospitalized patients despite evidence-based guidelines on ASB management. We surveyed whether accurate knowledge of how to manage catheter-associated urine cultures was associated with level of training, familiarity with ASB guidelines, and various cognitive-behavioral constructs. Methods We used a survey to measure respondents' knowledge of how to manage catheter-associated bacteriuria, familiarity with the content of the relevant Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, and cognitive-behavioral constructs. The survey was administered to 169 residents and staff providers. Results The mean knowledge score was 57.5%, or slightly over one-half of the questions answered correctly. The overall knowledge score improved significantly with level of training ( P P P Conclusions Knowledge of how to manage catheter-associated bacteriuria according to evidence-based guidelines increases with experience. Addressing both knowledge gaps and relevant cognitive biases early in training may decrease the inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat ASB.
Tooth structure loss apical to preparations for fixed partial dentures when using self-limiting burs.

Abstract Statement of problem. Burs with guide pins may be used to limit the depth of tooth preparation for fixed partial dentures. The effects of guide pins on tooth structure apical to the finish line after tooth preparation for fixed partial dentures has not been recorded. Purpose. This in vitro study recorded loss of tooth structure within 1.0 mm apical to the finish line of teeth prepared with straight cylinder and tapered cylinder self-limiting burs and one conventional bur. Material and methods. Forty-five extracted human teeth were randomly divided into three groups. The facial surface of each tooth was prepared with two types of diamond burs with guide pins and a conventional diamond for the control. The surface was profiled before and after tooth preparation. Profiled surfaces were analyzed and the groups were compared using analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer HSD test (α = 0.05). Results. No significant difference was recorded between the control group and the group prepared with a round-ended tapered cylinder self-limiting pin. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and cylindrical pin groups, and between the two groups prepared with self-limiting diamonds. Conclusion. This study revealed abrasion apical to the finish line of the preparation in all groups. The cylindrical guide pin group exhibited the greatest loss of tooth surface. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:491-4.)
Influence of the emetic reflex on vasopressin release in man

The mechanisms underlying the frequent association of nausea and vomiting with elevations of plasma vasopressin(PAVP) were studied in man and rat. After oral water loads (N = 16), plasma osmolality fell in all human subjects and was associated with a decline in PAVP in 14 asymptomatic human subjects. In 2 human subjects, nausea occurred and was associated with increases in PAVP, without changes in blood pressure. During ethanol infusion (N = 28), PAVP was suppressed unless nausea supervened. In 4 nauseated human subjects, PAVP escaped from ethanol inhibition and rose to levels 10 times basal, despite the absence of hemodynamic changes. Apomorphine, a potent dopamine agonist and emetic agent, was administered to human volunteers in doses of 7 to 24 microgram/kg. There was no increase in PAVP in 3 human subjects who remained asymptomatic (7 to 16 microgram/kg). Ten human subjects experienced nausea after 16 microgram/kg, which was followed shortly by marked increases in PAVP. Emesis occurred in 5 human subjects given 16 to 24 microgram/kg, and was followed by PAVP levels similar to those seen with nausea alone. In 7 human subjects from the nausea group, the repeat study (16 microgram/kg) after pretreatment with dopamine antagonist (haloperidol, N = 4; fluphenazine, N = 3) resulted in complete blockage of apomorphine-induced AVP release. In rats, which lack an emetic reflex, apomorphine doses of 200 microgram/kg induced only slight increases in PAVP when compared to the response to 16 microgram/kg in man. These studies indicate that stimulation of the emetic reflex results in AVP-release in man. Nausea-mediated AVP release supervenes over concomitant osmolar or pharmacologic (ethanol) inhibition.
Existence theorems for a class of functional differential systems

In recent papers [2,6), the authors have established existence and comparison theorems for the well known Cauchy problem for ordinary diferential equations without using the monotone property on the given system. These results are obtained under the conditions of the type which have been considered in the classical paper of Miiller [ 8 1. The interesting feature of the results established in (2,6] is the fact that the solutions of the Cauchy problem remain in the given sector. In this paper, we shall first establish existence and comparison theorems for a class of more general functional differential systems without using monotone property. Further we develop a monotone iterative technique to establish the existence of -minimal and maximal solutions.
A missing Hunterian lecture on vertebrae by Richard Owen, 1837

Le manuscrit de Owen (R.) sur l'etude de l'anatomie comparee des vertebres montre l'evolution des modifications de la colonne vertebrale
Hyperbilirubinemia in African American neonates: clinical issues and current challenges

African American neonates evidence a low incidence of hyperbilirubinemia yet account for more than 25% of the reported kernicterus cases in the USA. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency accounts for approximately 60%, and late preterm gestation and ABO hemolytic disease approximately 40% of these cases. Females heterozygous for G6PD A- harbor a population of G6PD-deficient red blood cells and are at risk for hyperbilirubinemia. Pre-discharge bilirubin measurement coupled with gestational age enhances the identification of neonates at hyperbilirubinemia risk. Parental education at the time of birth hospitalization discharge combined with timely follow-up may help to reduce the risk of developing hazardous hyperbilirubinemia.
Low-Frequency Variability of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Using a New Pseudostress Dataset: 1930–1989

Abstract Interannual and interdecadal variability of the equatorial Pacific are examined using a new pseudostress dataset. The monthly mean pseudostress fields (1930–89)are derived from Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) pseudostresses using climate basis functions obtained from the Florida State University pseudostress product (1966–90). To validate the new wind fields, a two-tier validation scheme was used. The new wind fields were first examined to see if they exhibited characteristics that have been shown to be important in terms of exciting El Nino events. Next, the new wind fields are used to force an ocean model, thereby obtaining model estimates of tropical Pacific currents and model upper-layer thickness (ULT). Observed sea level and spatially averaged SST anomalies are used to validate the hindcasts. The new wind fields were found to have a significant El Nino mode (accounting for 41% of the variance), which possessed features consistent with those that theory and numerical simulati...
Epithelial adhesion molecules and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis during neutrophil transepithelial migration

Epithelial adhesion molecules play essential roles in regulating cellular function and maintaining mucosal tissue homeostasis. Some form epithelial junctional complexes to provide structural support for epithelial monolayers and act as a selectively permeable barrier separating luminal contents from the surrounding tissue. Others serve as docking structures for invading viruses and bacteria, while also regulating the immune response. They can either obstruct or serve as footholds for the immune cells recruited to mucosal surfaces. Currently, it is well appreciated that adhesion molecules collectively serve as environmental cue sensors and trigger signaling events to regulate epithelial function through their association with the cell cytoskeleton and various intracellular adapter proteins. Immune cells, particularly neutrophils (PMN) during transepithelial migration (TEM), can modulate adhesion molecule expression, conformation, and distribution, significantly impacting epithelial function and tissue homeostasis. This review discusses the roles of key intestinal epithelial adhesion molecules in regulating PMN trafficking and outlines the potential consequences on epithelial function.
Judging Oswald within the Limits of Reason Alone in Madame de Staël's Corinne

This article proposes reading and judging the character of Oswald in Madame de Stael's Corinne as a (albeit failed) Kantian. Whereas it has been customary to read Oswald as having failed morally because he did not appreciate the importance of sentiment to moral deliberation, the author proposes that his tragic fate is depicted within the novel as having been by and large due to a deliberate misinterpretation on his part of the distinction between maxims and laws, a distinction that is so central to Kant's moral philosophy and with which Oswald is portrayed as having been familiar. In so doing, this paper argues that, whereas Stael's reading of Kant as presented in De l'Allemagne is admittedly riddled with inaccuracies, the less propagandist Corinne testifies to the fact that Stael did in fact understand many of the intricacies – and possible limitations – of Kant's moral philosophy.
Use of performance path test to optimize yield

Performance path test provides an innovative alternative to PSRO performance screens and functional pattern test for manufacturing performance screening. The process window sigma associated with a desired screen point is used in a special timing run to create the expected delay for paths in the product. These expected delays are used to screen products. Products passing this test will meet requirements in client applications. Parts that fail will not meet product design assumptions and are not shipped. Performance path test avoids yield loss, false accept, and false reject problems associated with use of edge PSRO monitors.