cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted disruption of the neurofibromatosis type-1 gene leads to developmental abnormalities in heart and various neural crest-derived tissues.

The neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene shows significant homology to mammalian GAP and is an important regulator of the ras signal transduction pathway. To study the function of NF1 in normal development and to try and develop a mouse model of NF1 disease, we have used gene targeting in ES cells to generate mice carrying a null mutation at the mouse Nf1 locus. Although heterozygous mutant mice, aged up to 10 months, have not exhibited any obvious abnormalities, homozygous mutant embryos die in utero. Embryonic death is likely attributable to a severe malformation of the heart. Interestingly, mutant embryos also display hyperplasia of neural crest-derived sympathetic ganglia. These results identify new roles for NF1 in development and indicate that some of the abnormal growth phenomena observed in NF1 patients can be recapitulated in neurofibromin-deficient mice
Anisotropy of human coronary artery intima

There is extensive evidence that the acute phase of myocardial infarction frequency involves fissuring of the intima of epicardial coronary arteries. The fissures have been found postmortem generally at the sites of atheromatous plaques containing lipid. Pathological evidence suggest that the fracture occurs before death, with a thrombus growing in the pocket of the plaque as well as in the lumen of the vessel. Mechanical measurements have been made in uniaxial testing of human coronary artery intima segments. The fracture stresses measured are in the range of those computed in whole vessel walls, for which measured mechanical properties of tissues have been assigned, under pressure achieved within the physiological range, after the stress-intensifying effects of local lipid plaques have been incorporated. >
Acculturative stress and gang involvement among Latinos U.S.-born versus immigrant youth

Gang involvement is an increasing issue among Latino youth, yet nuanced research on its potential causes is scarce. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to explore links between acculturative stress and gang involvement among immigrant and U.S.-born Latino middle school students (N = 199). Regression analyses showed that U.S.-born youths were more likely to be gang-involved if they experienced discrimination stress, but less likely to be gang-involved if experiencing adaptation stress. Neither form of stress predicted gang involvement among immigrant youth; however, several reported economic inequality as a difference between themselves and Americans. Those reporting inequality were more likely to be gang-involved than those who did not. These findings suggest gang involvement may work differently for U.S.-born and immigrant Latinos. Language: en
Quail Cell Lines Supporting Replication of Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 1 and 2 and Herpesvirus of Turkeys

Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated alphaherpesvirus, can be isolated and propagated in chicken kidney cells (CKC) and chicken or duck embryo fibroblast cells (CEF or DEF, respectively). Two recently developed cell lines, CU447 and CU453, developed from methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in Japanese quail, were examined for their suitability to propagate the three serotypes of MDV. The MDV strain RB-1B (serotype 1) was passaged for more than 30 passages in CU447 without causing cytopathic effects (CPE). Polymerase chain reaction analysis of RB-1B-infected CU447 cells demonstrated the presence of MDV DNA using primers specific for ICP4, pp38, and gB. The 132-bp direct repeats within the BamH1-H and -D fragments were amplified to the same level as RB-1B that was passaged in CKC or CEF. Different passages of RB-1B in CU447 were examined for expression of gB and pp38 transcripts, and pp38, gB, gE, and VP22 protein expression. Irrespective of the passage level, these transcripts and proteins were detected in the RB-1B-infected CU447 cells. Infectious virus was rescued by cocultivation of RB-1B-infected CU447 with CKC. Herpes virus of turkeys was propagated in CU447 and CU453 causing CPE in both cell lines. SB-1 did not cause CPE in either cell line but a few SB-1-infected cells could be detected using a monoclonal antibody specific for serotype 2 MDV.
A Physics Based Hydrologic Modeling Approach to Simulate Non-point Source Pollution for the Purposes of Calculating TMDLs and Designing Abatement Measures

Non-point source pollution has become the major source of surface water impairment in the United States. The transport of suspended sediments and nutrients from watersheds to aquatic resources directly influences their environmental quality and ecosystem. The Environmental Protection Agency calculates maximum daily loads from watersheds that allow receiving water bodies to meet water quality standards and mandates load reductions on suspended sediments, nutrients, and other pollutants through the implementation of best management practices. Calculation of these loads and assessment of best management practices is often done with simplified methods, such as spreadsheets and lumped, empirical models that do not account for the spatial heterogeneity or the physical processes occurring in the watershed. The physically based, distributed watershed hydrologic, sediment, constituent transport and fate model Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) represents another approach where the spatial heterogeneity, physical and chemical processes in the watershed are explicitly included in the simulation. In this study, GSSHA is used to simulate sediment, nitrogen and phosphorous in Eight-Mile Run, a 264-ha watershed located in the Upper Eau Galle River Basin, west-central Wisconsin. The quality of the GSSHA simulation results demonstrates that the model is capable of quantifying and predicting flow and the transport of sediment and nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, in the watershed.
Racial Self Identification and Latino Public Opinion

The changing demography of the United States has generated a great deal of discussion about the role of Latinos in American politics. This changing demography has also generated scholarly interest in the ways in which Latinos become socially and politically incorporated. Recognizing extreme heterogeneity within the Latino community, re-conceptualizes the study of Latino politics by focusing on the development and political consequences of Latino racial identity. It explores the impact of racial identity on Latino attitudes regarding various public policies. To date, little research explores the relationship between racial identity and Latino attitudes across a wide range of policy areas (but see Nicholson et al. 2005). I expect to find that variability in attitudes among Latinos as a function of racial identity exists across a wide range of policy items. I also expect racial identity to be highly significant in shaping attitudes about immigration and implicitly racial policies (e.g. governmental income support and government intervention in the health-care system). Specifically, I hypothesize that white Latinos will be significantly less supportive of immigration. I also hypothesize that black Latinos and Latinos who believe Latinos are a distinct racial group will be significantly more supportive of implicitly racial policies and those issues concerning social welfare where black-white attitudes have long been bifurcated (e.g. Nicholson et al. 2005).
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applications: Proton NMR In Biological Objects Subjected To Magic Angle Spinning

Proton NMR in Biological Objects Submitted to Magic Angle Spinning, In Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Second Edition (Paul J. Worsfold, Alan Townshend and Colin F. Poole, eds.), Elsevier, Oxford 6:333-342. Published January 1, 2005. Proposal Number 10896.
Comparability of Contraceptive Prevalence Estimates for Women from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

b SYNOPSIS Objective. This article assesses the comparability of contraceptive use estimates for adult women obtained from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) as a benchmark. The 2002 BRFSS uses data collection methods that are considerably different from the NSFG. Method. We compared demographic differences and national estimates of current contraceptive methods being used and reasons for nonuse. Variables were recoded in the BRFSS and NSFG systems to make the two samples comparable. Results. Women in the NSFG and BRFSS were similar in age and race/ethnic- ity. Compared with the NSFG, the BRFSS sample was more educated and of higher income, less likely to be cohabiting, and more likely to be married. After adjusting for differences in the coding of hysterectomy, many BRFSS estimates for current contraceptive use were statistically similar to those from the NSFG. Small but statistically significant differences were found for vasectomy (7.7% and 6.3%), the pill (21.9% and 19.6%), rhythm (1.5% and 1.0%), the diaphragm (0.5% and 0.2%), and withdrawal (0.3% and 2.7%) for the BRFSS and NSFG, respectively. Major reasons for nonuse were similar: seeking pregnancy and currently pregnant. The percentage of women who were not currently sexually active was higher in the BRFSS (16.0%) compared with the NSFG (12.5%). Conclusions. The BRFSS is a useful source of population-based data on contraceptive use for reproductive health program planning; however, planners should be cognizant that lower-income women are not fully represented in telephone surveys.
Interaction between Two Parasites, Apechthis Ontario and Itoplectis quadricingulatus 2. F1 Progeny Production in Light-Stratified Population Cages

Longevity, age-specific fecundity, and effect of light intensity on host-finding behavior of Apechthis Ontario (Cresson) and Itoplectis quadricingulatus (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were compared. Parasite interaction was assessed in elongate population cages, lighted on one end, dark on the other, and stocked daily along the light intensity gradient with host allotments. Numbers of hosts killed and parasite progeny produced were criteria used to compare single-species and mixedspecies performance. By these 2 criteria, I. quadricingulatus appeared to be the better single-species of parasite, but mixed-species performance was at least as good as either species alone, even taking into account the reduced efficiency of each species in mixed culture. The more rapid maturation of I. quadricingulatus allowed it to predominate at the beginning of the experiment, whereas A. Ontario predominated toward the end because of its greater longevity. I. quadricingulatus was influenced more by light intensity than was A. Ontario .
Hamstring Activity in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Patient: Injury Implications and Comparison With Quadriceps Activity

Purpose To investigate the potential causes of diminished knee extension after acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury using both surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis of the quadriceps and hamstrings, and gait analysis to assess muscle action and tone. Methods Consecutive patients with an acute ACL tear underwent sEMG and gait analysis within 2 weeks of injury, before ACL reconstruction. Standard motion analysis techniques were used and sEMG data were collected simultaneously with gait data. T -tests were used to determine differences between the ACL-deficient and control subjects in knee flexion angles, peak external knee joint moments, and total time that a muscle was activated ("on") during gait. External knee moments were expressed as a percentage of body weight times height. Results Ten patients (mean age 24 ± 4 years) were included at a mean 10.2 days between injury and analysis; 10 uninjured, matched control subjects were included for comparison. There were significant increases in minimum flexion angle at heel strike (5.92 ± 3.39 v −3.49 ± 4.55, P v 1.20 ± 4.21, P v −2.94 ± 0.60, P v −3.54 ± 1.31, P v 61.0 ± 14.8%, P = .044). There were no significant differences in hamstring activity "on" time during gait ( P > .05). Conclusions In patients with acute ACL injury, the ACL-deficient limb does not reach as much extension as controls. Although the rectus femoris is "on" for shorter periods during the gait cycle, there is no difference in hamstring time on during gait. This information may help clinicians better understand muscle function and gait patterns in the acute time period after ACL injury. Level of Evidence Level III, case control study.
Optical Force Induced Artifacts in NSOM Measurements

We demonstrate that optically induced forces at moderate illumination intensities are sufficient to introduce artifacts in the measured topography, for example, in the vicinity of hot spots, thus leading to misinterpretation of NSOM data.
Effects of High Current Density at Nanoscale Point Contacts

We examine the electrical/thermal contact between Pt-coated pyramidal Si probes and a 100 nm thick Au film using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). For all tips, the series resistance after initial contact was not a strong function of applied force over the observed range. Mechanical contact in this range of forces without an applied voltage between tip and Au film did not produce any observable tip deformation or wear as determined by SEM examination. Changes in tip morphology after applying voltage between the tips and Au film can be attributed to two different mechanisms. At relatively high applied voltages, evidence for tip melting was observed. Increases in tip/film contact resistance as a function of applied power allows an estimate of the thermal resistance experienced by heat generated at the tip and flowing to thermal ground. In addition to tip damage caused by melting, evidence was also seen of current induced welding of the Pt coating to the Au film in the absence of any significant heating at low applied voltages (10 mV). To explain the observation in the absence of sufficient temperature rise to induce melting, we characterize electromigration in the C-AFM and examine the maximum permissible current density of tips with different sizes as a function of stress.© 2008 ASME
The role of empathy in ethics.

Dear Dr. Brown: David Nash has given us much to reflect on in his perspectives article, “Ethics, Empathy, and the Education of Dentists,” which appeared in the June 2010 issue of the Journal of Dental Education (vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 567–78). He calls out writers in evolutionary biology and
Analysis of false positive conclusion in human immunodeficiency virus antibody confirmatory test: report of one case

Objective: To explore the problems existing in human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) antibody confirmatory testing techniques and the corresponding solutions in practical work by following up one case of false positive conclusion in HIV antibody confirmatory test. Methods: The subject underwent HIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing,and received follow-up testing at the 4th week,8th week and 12 th week. In the last two follow-ups,HIV-1 viral load testing was conducted; and in the fourth follow-up,the CD4+T lymphocytes were detected. Results: The band types of HIV antibody detected by immunoblotting in the four tests were all gp160,gp120 and p24; the viral load results in the last two follow-ups were both TND,and the result of CD4+T lymphocytes in the fourth test was 885 cells / μl. Combined with epidemiological data,the HIV antibody was ultimately determined to be negative.Conclusions: With the increasing of inconclusive samples by HIV antibody confirmatory test,we must be greatly cautious of the confirmatory positive samples in the borderline state. For certain special samples,testers must combine epidemiological data analysis and follow-up testing to make an accurate test report.
Unwinding inducible gene expression

The inflammatory response is coordinated by hundreds of genes that promote host defense against infection and injury. Inducible expression of these genes is mediated by distinct mechanisms, including transcriptional elongation, histone modifications, and nucleosome remodeling. On page 1074 of this issue, Rialdi et al. ( 1 ) report that a subset of the genes activated by viral infections depends on topoisomerase 1 (Top1) for induced expression. Pharmacological targeting of specific gene subsets has many clinical applications in inflammatory diseases. Because Top1 inhibition primarily affects genes dependent on nucleosome remodeling, many of which are key drivers of inflammation, it holds promise for gene-specific manipulation of the inflammatory response.
Introduction to Special Issue: Mindfulness and Social Work

In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in mindfulness and its application to many human issues and endeavors (see, e.g., Eifert & Forsyth, 2008; Goldstein, 2013; Siegel, 2009; Stahl ...
Quantitative Genetic Analysis (Behavioral Genetics and GE)

Keywords: adult developmental psychology; behavioral genetics; gene-by-environment interaction; genetics; G×E ; quantitative genetics
Response of aquatic vegetation communities and other wetland cover types to floodplain restoration at Emiquon Preserve

More than half of the natural wetlands in the Illinois River valley (IRV) have been lost through conversion of floodplain wetlands and lakes to drainage and levee districts for agricultural production. During 2007–2013, we monitored the response of wetland vegetation communities to restoration at Emiquon Preserve, a former floodplain that was drained and farmed for more than 80 years. Spatial coverage of wetland vegetation and other cover types rapidly expanded from 252 ha in 2007 to 1,944 ha in 2013 (mean 1,512 ± 239 ha) with little supplemental planting or hydrological management. Restored vegetation emulated aquatic plant communities that were largely eliminated from the IRV, most importantly floating-leaved and submersed aquatic vegetation. Mean annual wetland cover included aquatic bed (44%), open water (20%), persistent emergent vegetation (10%), hemi-marsh (10%), and nonpersistent emergent vegetation (9%). Average moist-soil seed and tuber density was similar to managed wetlands in the IRV (mean 724 ± 224 kg/ha). A viable option for restoration of diverse aquatic macrophyte communities within degraded wetlands of large river systems includes passive restoration of hydrology and vegetation behind levees while maintaining infrastructure to facilitate drawdowns when necessary or to mimic historical conditions.
Etiology and treatment of acute inferior vena cava thrombosis

Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) is a rare but severe disease that is associated with a high rate of mortality. IVCT can be categorized into primary versus secondary thrombosis dependent upon the underlying pathophysiology. The diagnosis includes both clinical probability assessment as well as the imaging evaluation. The optimal therapeutic strategy remains the target of continued research. Although anticoagulation therapy remains fundamental in treating IVCT, its inherent limitations have led to the use of minimally invasive, endovascular treatment options, including transcatheter thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or a combination of these techniques. This review focuses on the etiology, diagnostic assessment, and endovascular treatment options for IVCT.
The Power of Charm

Mr. Jenkins used normative power, interactively established contracts, and charm to prevent suspension in his classroom. He did not use coercive power. Mr. Jenkins’s reliance on charm and continual interactively established contracts with a lack of coercive power balanced out the high dose of normative power he exhibited.
Targeting of Myosin to Cellular Organelles Results in Dramatic Reorganization based on Cargo/Motor Affinity

Unconventional myosins are vital molecular motors involved in active transport of cargo as well as maintenance of organelle shape. In particular, myosin VI has been shown to be involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and maintenance of golgi shape. Though the biophysical characteristics of unconventional myosins have been well studied and numerous cargo-binding partners have been identified, investigation into the interplay of these properties at the cellular level has been limited. Here, we investigate the influence of both monomeric and dimeric conformations of myosin VI, as well as the effects of binding affinity of the motor-cargo interaction may have on both subcellular morphology and cargo transport. We have generated a set of expressible fluorescent protein markers that label individual organelles/compartments. Using these markers combined with the FKBP-FRB system, we are able to selectively target myosin to peroxisomes (Pex3), early endosomes (Rab5), and clathrin-coated vesicles (Dab2) upon rapamycin stimulation. Irreversible localization of myosin to these structures results in disruption of normal compartment shape and size. Specifically, large clusters of peroxisomes and endosomes are observed and Dab2 labeled clathrin coated vesicles are disrupted and dispersed throughout the cell. In addition, these changes drastically remodel the cellular actin cytoskeletal network. These observations are seen using both artificially dimerized myosin VI and, to a lesser extent, monomeric myosin VI. Further, by controlling the strength of the FKBP-FRB interaction through mutagenesis, we have found that the strength of interaction between myosin and cargo plays a vital role in this reorganization.
Abstract 375: Inducible ApoE Gene Repair in HypoE Mice Deficient in the LDL Receptor Promotes Atheroma Stabilization with a Human-like Lipoprotein Profile

Studies of atherosclerosis regression often investigated the process in the setting of a plasma lipoprotein profile dominated by HDL. To better model humans subjected to lipid lowering therapy, we sought to study atherosclerosis regression in mice that displayed moderately elevated plasma LDL. To achieve this goal, we made use of our HypoE mice deficient in the LDL receptor (Apoeh/hLdlr−/−Mx1-Cre mice) that develop spontaneous hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis on a chow diet due to reduced apoE expression levels. Twenty-week old mice were studied before and after inducible Cre-mediated Apoe gene repair. After 1 week, induced mice displayed a 2-fold reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride to 337±27 mg/dl and 182±15 mg/dl respectively. This led to a rise in plasma HDL and apoAI levels as well as large apoE-rich HDL. The resulting non-HDL:HDL cholesterol ratio decreased from 7 (87%:13%) to 1.5 (60%:40%). These plasma lipid changes occurred in mice that were fed a chow diet throughout the study, allowing us to study atheroma remodeling in the absence of potential confounding effects due to feeding or withdrawal of a high fat diet. Normalizing Apoe gene expression halted atherosclerosis progression and promoted lesional macrophage loss and collagen accumulation for up to 8 weeks. However, this did not lead to a significant loss of arterial lipid. Concomitantly, blood Ly-6Chi monocytes were decreased by 2-fold but lesional macrophage apoptosis was unchanged. The expression of several genes involved in extra-cellular matrix remodeling and cell migration were changed in lesional macrophages isolated by laser capture microdissection 1 week after Apoe gene repair. However, mRNA levels of numerous genes involved in cholesterol efflux were not significantly changed at this time point. Collectively, our data demonstrate that an abrupt reduction of hyperlipidemia to a normal human-like ratio of plasma non-HDL:HDL cholesterol, can promote lesion stabilization in the absence of arterial lipid loss. Future studies of circulating monocytes and lesional macrophages in our model will seek to uncover genetic pathways that can be manipulated therapeutically to promote atherosclerosis stabilization and regression in the setting of moderately elevated LDL.
A Proposed Process for Reliably Updating the Common Rule.

The recent Common Rule revision process took almost a decade and the resulting changes are fairly modest, particularly when compared to the ambitious ideas proposed in the advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM) and notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM). Furthermore, the revision process did not even attempt to tackle any of the Common Rule subparts pertaining to vulnerable populations (i.e., pregnant women and fetuses, prisoners, children) where commentators think the rules unduly restrict important research. We believe that this was a missed opportunity to make desirable changes, and that given the usual process the next opportunity to revisit the Common Rule is unacceptably remote. In this article, we argue that the Common Rule should be regularly reassessed, with a mechanism for making substantive (and expeditious) changes. Drawing on lessons learned from the recent revision process, we make recommendations about ways to structure future attempts to maximize the ability to make timely and necessa...
Creatine formation in liver and in kidney

We reported recently (1) the formation of creatine from glycocyamine by rat liver slices; and that 40 to 50 per cent more creatine was formed when methionine was added with the glycocyamine to the Ringer’s solution in which the slices were immersed. Among some thirty odd amino acids, methylated amines, a methylated purine, and betaine only methionine gave this increased rate of methylation. The rate of creatine formation under these conditions is sufficient, if it is of the same order of magnitude in vivo, to make good the entire loss as urinary creatinine.
Mining Big Data in NeuroGenetics to Understand Muscular Dystrophy

The recent advances in genome sequencing and analyses of the billions of base pairs in genomic data have been a boon for moving forward our understanding of human disease. In this talk I will describe how genome sequencing has dramatically improved our understanding of the most common adult form of muscular dystrophy, which is myotonic dystrophy. Two different genetic mutations cause thousands of changes in the cells and tissues of myotonic dystrophy patients. Genome sequencing has allowed us to precisely determine the degree of changes across patients, correlate these changes to disease symptoms and allow us to determine quickly in cell and animal models the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies for myotonic dystrophy.
Deconstructing the King megafire

Hypotheses that megafires, very large, high-impact fires, are caused by either climate effects such as drought or fuel accumulation due to fire exclusion with accompanying changes to forest structure have long been alleged and guided policy, but their physical basis remains untested. Here, unique airborne observations and microscale simulations using a coupled weather-wildland-fire-behavior model allowed a recent megafire, the King Fire, to be deconstructed and the relative impacts of forest structure, fuel load, weather, and drought on fire size, behavior, and duration to be separated. Simulations reproduced observed details including the arrival at an inclined canyon, a 25-km run, and later slower growth and features. Analysis revealed that fire-induced winds that equaled or exceeded ambient winds and fine-scale airflow undetected by surface weather networks were primarily responsible for the fire's rapid growth and size. Sensitivity tests varied fuel moisture and amount across wide ranges and showed that both drought and fuel accumulation effects were secondary, limited to sloped terrain where they compounded each other, and, in this case, unable to significantly impact the final extent. Compared to standard data, fuel models derived solely from remote sensing of vegetation type and forest structure improved simulated fire progression, notably in disturbed areas, and the distribution of burn severity. These results point to self-reinforcing internal dynamics rather than external forces as a means of generating this and possibly other outlier fire events. Hence, extreme fires need not arise from extreme fire environment conditions. Kinematic models used in operations do not capture fire-induced winds and dynamic feedbacks so can underestimate megafire events. The outcomes provided a nuanced view of weather, forest structure, fuel accumulation, and drought impacts on landscape-scale fire behavior-roles that can be misconstrued using correlational analyses between area burned and macroscale climate data or other exogenous factors. A practical outcome is that fuel treatments should be focused on sloped terrain, where factors multiply, for highest impact.
Hydrocarbon saturation in Bakken Petroleum System based on joint inversion of resistivity and dielectric dispersion logs

Abstract Bakken Petroleum System (BPS) is composed of both conventional and unconventional units, which exhibits significant variations in lithology, rock texture, clay content, total organic carbon, accompanied by high connate water salinity, presence of disseminated pyrite grains, and low values of porosity. These petrophysical attributes of the BPS lead to inconsistency in the oil-in-place estimates for those obtained from Electromagnetic (EM) induction log, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) log, dielectric dispersion log measured by Array Dielectric Tool (ADT), and Dean-Stark core measurements. For purposes of improved hydrocarbon saturation estimation and petrophysical characterization in the BPS, a joint-inversion-based interpretation was performed on dispersive electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity measurements at 4 dielectric-log-acquisition frequencies and 1 induction resistivity acquired at 20 kHz. This analysis was performed across a 350-ft depth interval in one of the science wells intersecting the BPS. Three geo-electromagnetic mixing models, namely Complex Refractive Index model, Stroud-Milton-De model, and Waxman Smits model are integrated and coupled to the inversion scheme to simultaneously estimate water saturation, formation brine conductivity, cementation exponent and saturation exponent in BPS. Water saturation estimates obtained using the proposed interpretation method were compared against those obtained from NMR log, Dean-Stark core measurements and service company’s dielectric inversion. In Middle Bakken from depth XX720 to XX750 ft, our estimates of water saturation are in better agreement with those estimated by service company’s mineral inversion method and service company’s dielectric interpretation as compared to those obtained from NMR interpretation and Dean Stark core measurement. Water saturation and formation brine conductivity estimates in Middle Bakken are in the ranges of 0.5–1 and 25–45 S/m, respectively. Inversion-derived brine conductivity and saturation exponent estimates are most uncertain in Lodgepole and Three Forks 2 formations, which exhibit a wide range of pore size distribution. Average relative errors in matching the 1 induction resistivity and 8 dielectric dispersion logs using the inversion-derived estimates are 33% and 20%, respectively, in the 350-ft depth interval of BPS. The proposed inversion achieves high certainty for the estimates when the formation has low clay content, low electrical anisotropy, and high porosity.
(E)-2-{Eth-yl[4-(4-nitro-phenyl-diazen-yl)phen-yl]amino}ethyl anthracene-9-carboxyl-ate.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C31H26N4O4, displays a trans conformation for the nitro­phenyl­diazenyl portion of the mol­ecule. Packing diagrams indicate that weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, likely associated with a strong dipole moment present in the mol­ecule, dictate the arrangement of mol­ecules in the crystal structure.
Vertical Riser VIV Simulation In Sheared Current

This paper studied a vertical riser VIV under sheared current using numerical simulation and presented the results and their comparisons to published experimental data. The riser was made of a 9.63m brass pipe with an OD of 0.02m (L/D=482), and mass ratio of 1.75. In the experiment the riser was positioned inclined with top tension of 817N, and pinned at its two ends to the test rig. Rotating the rig in the wave tank would simulate the sheared current. In our numerical simulation we pinned the riser’s ends to the ground, and imposed a linearly sheared far field incoming current. The riser and its surrounding fluid were discretized using 1.5 million elements. The flow field was solved using an unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical method in conjunction with a chimera domain decomposition approach with overset grids. The riser was also discretized into 250 segments. Its motion was predicted through a tensioned beam motion equation with structural damping. The external force terms were obtained by integrating viscous and pressure loads on the riser surface. We then processed the critical parameters including riser VIV a/D, vorticity contours, response histories and spectra, and VIV induced fatigue. Finally, comparisons were made to the experimental data and conclusions were drawn. In general the VIV simulation results agree well with the experimental data. It is concluded that the present CFD approach is able to simulate the vertical riser VIV in sheared current. Furthermore, it can also predict the VIV induced fatigue damage as well.
Generalized inverse group of signal and its implementation with neural networks

A new concept, the generalized inverse group (GIG) of signal, is firstly proposed and its properties, leaking coefficients and implementation with neural networks are presented. Theoretical analysis and computational simulation have shown that (1) there is a group of finite length of generalized inverse signals for any given finite signal, which forms the GIG; (2) each inverse group has different leaking coefficients, thus different abnormal states; (3) each GIG can be implemented by a grouped and improved single-layer perceptron which appears with fast convergence. When used in deconvolution, the proposed GIG can form a new parallel finite length of filtering deconvolution method. On off-line processing, the computational time is reduced toO(N) fromO(N 2). And the less the leaking coefficient is, the more reliable the deconvolution will be.
Stress-Temperature Behavior of Stretched Trans-Polyisoprene Networks in the Crystallization Region

Stretched networks of trans-polyisoprene (or gutta percha) exhibit interesting stress-temperature profiles as temperature passes through the crystallization zone.1 Upon cooling, stress turns sharply downward, then climbs back to a high level as temperature continues to fall, Subsequent reheating causes the stress to fall precipitously to a negative value, then after an interval of several degrees ascend steeply back into the positive domain as melting is completed. It is generally believed that the heating phase of the cycle produces a stress-temperature profile more indicative of equilibrium conditions.
Uncovering Hegemony in Higher Education: A Critical Appraisal of the Use of “Institutional Habitus” in Empirical Scholarship:

This article critically examines the empirical scholarship that applies institutional habitus, a conceptual extension of Bourdieu’s theory of practice, to investigations of higher education. Given ...
“I talked to my doctor:” Constructing the neoliberal patient-consumer in direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising

Abstract Television direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs (DTCA) has become a pervasive presence for healthcare consumers in the US over the past twenty years. While some scholars have focused on the potential effects these ads have on healthcare, this study takes a critical approach to the ways in which the language used in these ads position viewers as ‘patient-consumers’ within the neoliberal paradigm. Using a framework of critical discourse analysis, I analyze 15 DTCAs and highlight the specific ways in which medical neoliberalism is reproduced in these ads, focusing specifically on how viewers are positioned as the primary agent for their health through a series of imperatives. In addition to interpellating the viewer as the ‘patient consumer,’ many of the ads also employ a strategy of presenting characters who represent the ideal ‘patient consumer,’ whom viewers are encouraged to emulate. While this may seem to be a positive move in terms of activating patients, it can set up a false expectation of personal autonomy for patients, often minimizing the role that medical providers play in determining the best course of treatment for a particular patient.
A Tale of Why Social and Cultural Content Is Often Excluded from Art Education-And Why It Should Not Be

The Studies Invited Lecture is a presentation given each year at the National Art Education Annual Convention. The presenter is acknowledged as a leading art educator and is elected by the Studies in Art Education Editorial Board. This year's recipient was Patricia L. Stuhr. She is currently Professor and Chair, Department of Art Education, The Ohio State University. Professor Stuhr has published extensively in art education and related fields on issues of multiculturalism, postmodernism, feminism, and community-based art education.
Social Marketing of Mental Health Treatment: California's Mental Illness Stigma Reduction Campaign.

Objectives. To understand the processes involved in effective social marketing of mental health treatment.Methods. California adults experiencing symptoms of probable mental illness were surveyed i...
Hyperbolic Conservation Laws: An Illustrated Tutorial

These notes provide an introduction to the theory of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in one space dimension. The various chapters cover the following topics: (1) Meaning of a conservation equation and definition of weak solutions. (2) Hyperbolic systems. Explicit solutions in the linear, constant coefficients case. Nonlinear effects: loss of regularity and wave interactions. (3) Shock waves: Rankine–Hugoniot equations and admissibility conditions. (4) Genuinely nonlinear and linearly degenerate characteristic fields. Centered rarefaction waves. The general solution of the Riemann problem. Wave interaction estimates. (5) Weak solutions to the Cauchy problem, with initial data having small total variation. Approximations generated by the front-tracking method and by the Glimm scheme. (6) Continuous dependence of solutions w.r.t. the initial data, in the L 1 distance. (7) Characterization of solutions which are limits of front tracking approximations. Uniqueness of entropy-admissible weak solutions. (8) Vanishing viscosity approximations. (9) Extensions and open problems. The survey is concluded with an Appendix, reviewing some basic analytical tools used in the previous sections.Throughout the exposition, technical details are mostly left out. The main goal of these notes is to convey basic ideas, also with the aid of a large number of figures.
David Oliver: The medical examiner role could transform our approach to handling death.

In April 2019 NHS Improvement announced a national programme to introduce a new medical examiner role at all acute hospital trusts in England, to provide independent scrutiny of all deaths.12 Wales is adopting a similar approach.3 I can see potential for this initiative to transform the way doctors and hospitals handle and learn from death and to drive improvements in care and the experiences of bereaved people. The current pandemic has brought temporary modifications under the emergency Coronavirus Act and covid-19 specific guidance regarding certification and notification of deaths.4 Covid-19 has highlighted the vital importance of accurate, scrutinised death certification.5 Under the new initiative, each acute trust should establish …
Enhancement of van der Waals interlayer coupling through polar Janus MoSSe

Interlayer coupling plays essential roles in the quantum transport, polaritonic, and electrochemical properties of stacked van der Waals (vdW) materials. In this work, we report the unconventional interlayer coupling in vdW heterostructures (HSs) by utilizing an emerging 2D material, Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In contrast to conventional TMDs, monolayer Janus TMDs have two different chalcogen layers sandwiching the transition metal and thus exhibit broken mirror symmetry and an intrinsic vertical dipole moment. Such a broken symmetry is found to strongly enhance the vdW interlayer coupling by as much as 13.2% when forming MoSSe/MoS2 HS as compared to the pristine MoS2 counterparts. Our noncontact ultralow-frequency Raman probe, linear chain model, and density functional theory calculations confirm the enhancement and reveal the origins as charge redistribution in Janus MoSSe and reduced interlayer distance. Our results uncover the potential of tuning interlayer coupling strength through Janus heterostacking.
Side branch fractional flow reserve after provisional stenting of calcified bifurcation lesions: The ORBID-FFR study

OBJECTIVES We examined the incidence of side branch (SB) compromise after provisional stenting of calcified bifurcation lesions treated with rotational atherectomy (RA) or cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) and the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect functionally significant SB stenoses. BACKGROUND The comparative impact of RA versus CBA on SB compromise and functional significance remains poorly characterized. METHODS Seventy-one consecutive patients with 71 calcified bifurcation lesions with angiographically intermediate SB stenoses were randomized to RA (n = 35) or CBA (n = 36). The primary endpoint was SB compromise defined as SB diameter stenosis ≥70%, SB dissection or thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade < 3 after provisional stenting. Secondary endpoints included SB FFR in noncompromised SBs and its correlation with SB ostium area (SBOA) assessed by three-dimensional OCT. RESULTS SB compromise after provisional stenting was observed in 7 (20.0%) lesions that underwent RA and in 9 (25.0%) lesions treated with CBA (p = .62). Mean SB FFR was 0.83 ± 0.08 and was similar between the study arms. Functionally significant SB stenosis (FFR ≤ 0.80) was detected in 17(30.9%) angiographically noncompromised SBs. SBOA after stenting was an independent predictor of FFR ≤ 0.80 (OR 0.002, 95% CI: 0.00-0.15, p = .002). The optimal cutoff value for SBOA to predict functionally significant SB stenosis was 0.76 mm2 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 89% and area under the curve 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The rates of SB compromise and functionally significant stenosis after provisional stenting of calcified bifurcation lesions were similar between two lesion preparation strategies. OCT SBOA can detect SB branches with FFR ≤ 0.80 with high sensitivity and specificity.
A Photoemission Study of High Tc Oxides

A number of ceramic compounds including YBa2Cu3O7 have been reported to superconduct at temperatures in excess of 35K [1–9]. A critical feature in the processing of these compounds that is required to obtain good superconductive properties appears to be a final annealing stage in an oxygen containing atmosphere to increase the oxygen content of the materials [10]. Without the oxygen anneal step, the superconducting transition temperature drops and the drop in the temperature versus resistance curve becomes less defined.
Climate-induced treeline mortality during the termination of the Little Ice Age in the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion, USA:

Paleoclimate reconstructions for the western US show spatial variability in the timing, duration, and magnitude of climate changes within the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, ca. 900–1350 CE) and Lit...
Disorders of growth

Abstract Infancy, childhood, and adolescence involve somatic growth as well as intellectual and psychological development. With the adequate progression of puberty and normal anatomy, male and female fertility is achieved, and the species can be propagated. A common manifestation of growth failure is short stature. This chapter explores the ontogeny of normal growth, definitions and assessment of short stature, causes of short stature, and provides a diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of short stature.
Birth in Those Days: Tamil Women’s Critiques of Agriculture Globalization

As the rickshaw sputters along the dusty path, I brace myself against the cool metal side panel, stretching forward to get a better view of the vibrant green fields that surround us. My journey to Tirukarai, a remote village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, has lasted nearly an hour now, but the scenery has remained largely unchanged. The narrow road meanders through paddy fields that stretch to the horizon. Swathed in this endless sea of green, cliched notions of a timeless rural India seem rather convincing. Despite appearances, however, much has changed in these fields over the last few decades. I originally traveled to Tamil Nadu to conduct ethnographic research on rural women’s experiences of pregnancy and birth. In nearly all of my interviews, women expressed a conviction that childbirth today has become more dangerous than ever before. Specifically, women suggested that a decline in the variety of foods available to poor women in Tamil Nadu and the increased use of agrochemicals in the region has rendered their bodies weaker and unable to give birth safely. Though my initial interest had been in childbirth, I found myself focusing increasingly on the women’s perceptions of recent dietary shifts and the consequences these changes were having on their health. My conversations with these women convinced me that their condemnation of their modern diet and its implications on their health was not simply a reflection of their collective, self-embodied knowledge. It also expressed a profound and critical understanding of the negative impact that agricultural policies promoted by the Indian state and powerful international forces have had on their lives. Though the majority of women I spoke with had little schooling and had rarely, if ever, heard the term globalization, I argue that their narratives demonstrate a nuanced understanding of the deleterious effects the process has on their lives. While statistics contradict women’s assertions that birth is more dangerous today than in the past, the physiological effects of dietary change that these women describe are very real and merit further consideration.
UNIT 10.7 Proteoglycan Isolation and Analysis

Proteoglycans can be difficult molecules to isolate and analyze due to large mass, charge, and tendency to aggregate or form macromolecular complexes. This unit describes detailed methods for purification of matrix, cell surface, and cytoskeleton-linked proteoglycans. Methods for analysis of glycoaminoglycan size and type and of core protein species are described.
Alternatives to Financial Education

“Financial education” typically is used to refer to what might more accurately be called personal money management education. As conventionally conceived, it includes teaching information and skills directly related to saving, spending, investing, borrowing, insurance, remittances, and taxes, and planning or managing each of these. Many believe that this kind of financial education improves personal financial behavior and that this leads to increased financial well-being. But does financial education do this? Can it? Do we have any better alternatives for improving people’s financial lives? The main points of the chapter are three-fold. First, financial education cannot produce financial well-being in the current marketplace. Second, alternative interventions have the potential to enhance individual capacity for, and reduce marketplace obstacles to, good financial outcomes. Third, even programs that arm individuals with optimized capacities and a marketplace that facilitates individually optimal actions will not be enough to ensure widespread financial well-being. That would require changes in our socioeconomic order that might require a different intervention—finance-informed citizenship education.
FasTensor in Real Scientific Applications

In this chapter, we describe two scientific applications to demonstrate the capability of FasTensor. The first application is from the earth science, where we show how FasTensor implement the self-similarity computation to detect useful signal from the data collected with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The second application is from plasma physics, where we apply FasTensor to analyze the hydro data from a VPIC simulation.