cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A double-blind study of the influences of eszopiclone on dysgeusia and taste function

Taste disturbance is a common, but poorly understood, side effect of a large number of medications. This double-blind study examined the frequency, intensity, and quality of taste disturbances related to the widely used hypnotic sleep aid eszopiclone (ESZ; Lunesta, as well as their associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), time of day, phenyl thiocarbamide (PTC) taste sensitivity, and ESZ saliva and blood levels. Sixty six percent of 24 female subjects and 53% of 15 male subjects reported dysgeusic sensations, mostly bitter/metallic, during the drug administration (respective placebo figures 17% and 7%). No meaningful relationships were found between the frequency or the intensity of the sensations and age, BMI, or PTC taste sensitivity. Dysgeusia was more intense and longer lasting in women than in men, stronger in the morning than in the evening, and positively correlated with drug plasma and saliva levels. In women, intensity ratings decreased across treatment days. Taste test measures were marginally, at best, influenced by ESZ. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the dysgeusia associated with ESZ is systemically influenced by a number of factors, including sex, time since drug administration, and both blood and saliva levels of the drug.
A Determination of the Elastic Modulus s 13 of Beta-Quartz

The adiabatic Young's modulus of beta-quartz along a direction at 45 degrees to the optic axis has been measured as a function of temperature. These data, in conjunction with that of Atanasoff and Kammer, and of Perrier and de Mandrot, yield a value for the adiabatic elastic modulus ${s}_{13}$ of beta-quartz equal to -0.226 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/dyne at 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and indicate that the value reported by Osterberg and Cookson for ${c}_{44}$ is inconsistent with the stability of beta-quartz.
Comparison of autologous, homologous, and heterologous normal skin grafts in the hamster cheek pouch.

Summary1) Adult rabbit-skin heterografts were capable of surviving at least 6 weeks and proliferating in cheek pouches of both cortisonized and untreated Syrian hamsters. Orthotopic heterografts we...
Local allergic edema induced by injected procaine: Diagnostic value of the twenty-four-hour intracutaneous test

Abstract 1.1. Three cases of repeated edema at the site of procaine anesthesia for minor dental procedures are described. 2.2. Marked swelling of the cheek and face was noted several hours after injection and lasted for two to fourteen days. There was no evidence of general reaction or urticaria. 3.3. A positive twenty-four-hour skin test reaction of erythema and edema was induced by the intracutaneous injection of procaine and by injection of Monocaine as well. Immediate skin tests were negative. 4.4. Skin tests with Xylocaine were negative. This anesthetic proved a safe substitute for procaine. 5.5. A positive twenty-four-hour skin test reaction to crystalline penicillin G was also present in two cases. Two other patients with clinical allergy to penicillin also proved skin test-positive to procaine. A possible etiological relationship of procaine penicillin treatment to this form of procaine allergy is discussed.
Is resistance of a muscle to fatigue controlled by its motoneurones

The original experiment of Buller et al.1 and the many subsequent confirmatory reports clearly show that the time-to-peak tension and many other speed-related parameters of slow and fast muscle fibres are dictated by the motoneurone2. It has been concluded that the motoneurone exerts this control of the physiological and associated biochemical properties by the frequency at which it excites the muscle fibre3. However, no studies have been reported on the fatigue properties and the associated biochemical characteristics after cross-reinnervation. Based on the ‘size principle’ of motoneurones4, it would be reasonable to assume that a muscle fibre reinnervated by a small motoneurone would be active often and that this would be manifested biochemically as an elevated oxidative capacity5. Also, it has been shown repeatedly that the mitochondrial content of a muscle fibre can be modified by daily endurance type exercise6. Thus, it would seem that the motoneurone at least indirectly also controls the mitochondrial content of a muscle fibre by controlling the degree of activity. We have now tested this hypothesis using self- and cross-reinnervated muscles in cats. We found that fast- and slow-twitch muscles retained their characteristic fatigue resistance properties regardless of whether the nerve to which they had become connected had originally innervated a fatigue-resistant or relatively fatiguable muscle.
Alkane-insoluble trialkylammonium double salts involving the dodecamolybdophosphate anion. I: Model studies using trioctylamine in dodecanol-modified nonane

Abstract Third-phase formation in the extraction of Mo(VI) from dilute H 2 SO 4 containing phosphate by 0.05 M tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in nonane modified with n-dodecanol can be attributed to molybdate-phosphate condensation reactions leading to the appearance of dodecamolybdophosphate (DMP) anion, PMo 12 O 40 3− , as the dissolved amine salt (TOAH) 3 [DMP]. The condensation reaction was briefly examined showing that after small amounts of Mo(VI) are initially extracted, at least partly in the form of a molybdophosphate intermediate, the DMP anion forms in a slow, quantitative reaction over a period of several weeks. What little ability the solvent has to dissolve the condensation product (TOAH) 3 [DMP] appears to involve a solubilizing mixed-salt interaction with other amine salts in the system, raising the solvent tolerance for (TOAH) 3 [DMP] well above the value for the modified nonane alone ( −7 M ). Even so, DMP-containing third phases form at (TOAH) 3 [DMP] concentrations less than 1.3 × 10 −4 M , the exact tolerance varying within a limited range as a function of (1) the proportion of the amine sulfate which is converted to the chloride form via anion exchange with aqueous chloride and (2) the dodecanol : TOA mole ratio at constant (0.05 M ) TOA molarity. Two types of third phases form, both having mixed-salt compositions. When the system contains sufficient chloride, the solid double-salt compound (TOAH) 3 [DMP] · 3(TOAH)Cl precipitates at the interface. When the system is deprived of chloride, a dense, liquid third phase forms consisting of the amine DMP, sulfate, and bisulfate salts plus nonane and possibly water. Technological implications are discussed in terms of hydrometallurgical applications of amine extraction. The double salt (TOAH) 3 [DMP] · 3(TOAH)Cl may be important in understanding compound formation between two alkylammonium salts containing different anions.
Validity of perturbation approach to two-step stripping

Abstract The perturbation method of handling inelastic coupling is compared to the more accurate coupled-channels method insofar as such coupling affects the deuteron stripping reaction. In the cases where the two-step (indirect) transition amplitude is comparable to the one-step (direct) transition amplitude, the perturbation method yields poor fits to the angular distributions. However, the perturbation method reproduces the peak cross sections rather well.
Reproductive ecology of the piassava palm (Attalea funifera) of Bahia, Brazil

The reproductive ecology of piassava palm (Attaleafunifera Mart.) was investigated for 19 months in the Atlantic forests of eastern Brazil. Its breeding biology is characterized by the production of functionally female, male and bisex- ual inflorescences. Staminate sterility is positively correlated with number of pistil- late flowers. Staminate and pistillate flowers are receptive at anthesis. Bagging tests for apomixis were negative. Although geitonogamy can occasionally occur, outcrossing predominates. Pollen is relatively dry, but wind pollination is not a significant factor in cross pollination. Although inflorescences are visited by large numbers of insects, pollination is effected mainly by small sap beetles (Mystrops sp.) and weevils (Phyllotrox tatianae), which feed and breed in fertile staminate flowers. Pistillate flowers, which offer no reward to pollinators, appear to attract insect visitors by olfactory and visual imitation of staminate flowers, that is, via Bakerian mimicry. Flower production, fruit maturation, leaf production and leaf abscission occur continuously throughout the year. Flowering exhibits a distinct peak during the warmest months (Dec-Apr). Given its ubiquity throughout the region, A. funifera may well serve as a flowering and fruiting keystone species.
Mobility of Transgenic Nucleic Acids and Proteins within Grafted Rootstocks for Agricultural Improvement

Grafting has been used in agriculture for over two thousand years. With modern advances in biotechnology, new options for utilizing this proven horticultural technique are emerging. Specifically, trans-grafting, the combination of a genetically engineered (GE) rootstock with a wild-type (WT) scion, has the potential to provide biotic and abiotic stress tolerance or to increase plant vigor and productivity. Yet, it is unclear whether nucleic acids and proteins will be transmitted across a graft and, if so, whether this movement may affect the efficacy of the trans-grafting approach and/or regulatory oversight of the WT scion and its products. There are reports of the movement of organellar DNA and cellular mRNAs and proteins across graft unions, but to what extent these molecules affect performance of the scion is not clear. Strategies that can be used to limit or enhance nucleic acid or protein movement in order to maximize trans-grafting benefits have not been defined. This paper reviews, using specific examples, the transport of nucleic acids and proteins between rootstock and scion with the objectives of increasing the benefits grafting, particularly for pathogen resistance and defining how use of GE rootstocks effectively extends the horticultural utility of grafting.
Cyanobacteria passage through drinking water filters during perturbation episodes as a function of cell morphology, coagulant and initial filter loading rate

Abstract Eight pilot-scale in-line filtration trials were performed to evaluate the passage of cyanobacterial cells through drinking water filters after sudden increases in hydraulic loading rates. Trials were performed at 30 °C using two coagulant combinations (aluminum sulfate and cationic polymer or ferric chloride and cationic polymer), two initial filter loading rates (7 or 10 m/h) and two species of morphologically different cyanobacteria ( Microcystis aeruginosa or Anabaena flos aquae ). The filter was perturbed by instantaneously increasing the hydraulic loading rate by 50%. Filter influent and effluent water qualities were characterized by measuring turbidity, particles and chlorophyll a . The observed post-perturbation filter effluent chlorophyll a peaks were 1.6–48 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. Chlorophyll a peaks were larger for M. aeruginosa than for A. flos aquae . Chlorophyll a peaks were also larger for the higher (10 m/h) than for the lower (7 m/h) initial filter loading rate. The post-perturbation effluent turbidity peaks were 1.4–7.2 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. The post-perturbation effluent particle peaks were 6.5–25 times greater than the pre-perturbation averages. These results indicate that particles were a more sensitive indicator of cyanobacterial passage than turbidity.
Interrater Reliability of Manual Pavement Distress Evaluations

Many government agencies are faced with the challenge of pavement evaluation and maintenance as part of their pavement management systems. These agencies perform or contract manual or automated distress surveys over the pavement network to monitor the structure performance and obtain the necessary data to calculate pavement condition indexes. Although manual distress ratings are done according to well-defined criteria, a certain amount of subjectivity and the experience of the raters have an undoubted influence on the ratings. This study proposes a new approach to estimate the interrater or intercrew reliability for manual or semiautomated distress data collection. The proposed analysis acknowledges that a certain degree of variability in the visual distress ratings is likely to occur and, thus, minimum acceptable values of complete and partial agreements of the crews or raters are suggested. The statistical approach to validate the level of agreement between the ratings of two raters or crews is based on the use of the chi-square distribution to test hypotheses about multinomial experiments.
Anywhere pixel compositor

Even with the recent rapid advancement in hardware, the demand from high-end graphics applications (including video games) seems to always outpace the capability that a single GPU can offer. Graphics hardware vendors are now offering dual or even quad GPU configurations (such as NVIDIA's SLI and ATI's CrossFire technology). As we migrate from a single GPU to multiple GPUs or eventually GPU clusters, how to effectively assemble the final image from these distributed rendering nodes becomes an important issue. Here we propose to develop a flexible pixel compositor to solve this problem. Our compositor is capable of performing an arbitrary mapping of pixels from any input frame to any output frame, and executing typical composition operations at the same time. Figure 1(a) shows a schematic of our design. The pixels are transmitted digitally. The core mapping and arithmetic operations are carried out by a programmable FPGA chip. It is connected to a large memory bank that stores both the mapping information and temporary frames (if necessary). A single compositor unit has four input links and four outputs. Multiple units can be arranged in a network, shown in Figure 1(b), to achieve the scalability for large clusters.
High Mesenchymal Stem Cell Seeding Densities in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Produce Engineered Cartilage with Native Tissue Properties

Engineered cartilage based on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an alluring goal for the repair of articular defects. However, efforts to date have failed to generate constructs with sufficient mechanical properties to function in the demanding environment of the joint. Our findings with a novel photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel suggest that stiff gels (high HA concentration, 5% w/v) foster chondrogenic differentiation and matrix production, but limit overall functional maturation due to the inability of the formed matrix to diffuse away from the point of production and form a contiguous network. In the current study, we hypothesized that increasing the MSC seeding density would decrease the required diffusional distance, and so expedite the development of functional properties. To test this hypothesis bovine MSCs were encapsulated at seeding densities of either 20,000,000 or 60,000,000 cells ml(-1) in 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) HA hydrogels. Counter to our hypothesis the higher concentration HA gels (3% and 5%) did not develop more rapidly with increased MSC seeding density. However, the biomechanical properties of the low concentration (1%) HA constructs increased markedly (nearly 3-fold with a 3-fold increase in seeding density). To ensure that optimal nutrient access was delivered, we next cultured these constructs under dynamic culture conditions (with orbital shaking) for 9 weeks. Under these conditions 1% HA seeded at 60,000,000 MSCs ml(-1) reached a compressive modulus in excess of 1 MPa (compared with 0.3-0.4 MPa for free swelling constructs). This is the highest level we have reported to date in this HA hydrogel system, and represents a significant advance towards functional stem cell-based tissue engineered cartilage.
Effects of alcohol on speaking in isolated humans

Drugs of abuse often increase human social interaction, as is suggested in our cultural drug use practices and has been demonstrated in controlled laboratory studies. The environmental and pharmacological mechanisms controlling these effects remain unclear. The present study examined the importance of a social context for obtaining drug-produced increases in human speech by examining the acute effects of alcohol (0, 22, 45, 67 g) on the amount of speech emitted by six normal volunteers who were producing speech monologues in an isolated context. A withinsubject repeated-measures experimental design was used. Alcohol produced a significant dose-dependent increase in total speech. Conversely, response rates on a nonverbal behavioral task (circular-lights device) decreased as an orderly function of alcohol dose. These results suggest that a social context is not a necessary condition for alcohol to increase rates of human speech. Moreover, the decreases in response rates observed in the nonverbal task rule out the possibility that alcohol affected total speech via a generalized increase in overall activity levels.
Seasonal differences in resting metabolic rate of Alaskan ptarmigan.

Abstract 1. 1. The resting metabolic rates at thermal neutrality of willow ptarmigan acclimatized to summer and winter and of rock ptarmigan acclimatized to winter of 78·84, 70·50 and 70·84 kcal/bird per day respectively, are all higher than predicted by several body weight-metabolic rate equations. 2. 2. The slope of the metabolic rate-ambient temperature line below thermal neutrality was steeper in summer than in winter in willow ptarmigan. The critical temperature of summer birds was 7·7°C and of winter birds, -6·3°C, lower than for any bird species thus far tested. 3. 3. The slope of the metabolic rate-ambient temperature line below thermal neutrality for winter rock ptarmigan was similar to that of winter willow ptarmigan and the critical temperature was -1·3°C. 4. 4. Alaska willow and rock ptarmigan are capable of maintaining their normal body temperature at any ambient temperature which they might encounter in arctic Alaska by a combination of excellent insulation and adequate metabolic capacity.
Reinforcing thermosets using crystalline desoxyanisoin structures

This article presents results on the potential of using crystalline flame retardants for thermoset reinforcement. The approach involves introducing reinforcement in thermosetting polymers through low molecular weight crystallizable additives. Ther- mally induced phase separation (TIPS) and crystallization of desoxyanisoin in diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy mono- mer were investigated. Small angle light scattering and polarized optical microscopy were utilized to monitor phase separation and the crystallization of desoxyanisoin in DGEBA at different concentrations. Reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) with polyether- amine was carried out under isothermal and temperature gradient curing conditions. Altering the cure schedule resulted in a rich range of morphologies due to the competition between TIPS and RIPS. During isothermal cure, straight fiber-like anisotropic crystals on a centimeter length scale developed. In contrast, thermal gradients frustrated the crystal growth and resulted in complex and rich morphologies. Desoxyanisoin provided marginal epoxy thermoset reinforcement at 10 vol %. However, the additive did not increase the thermoset flammability retardancy. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013, 000, 39853.
Tetrad markings of pteridophytic spores and their evolutionary significance

Abstract A comparative study of the morphology of the spores of ferns and fern allies was carried out during which, among others, representatives of 277 genera of ferns were investigated. In 29% of all cases the spores are exclusively trilete, in 49%, exclusively monolete, and 22% are mixed or exhibit transitional apertures. Trilete and monolete spores together with all types of transitional apertures were observed sometimes within the same species. Zonate spores were found in 4% of the investigated cases. Trilete spores are found since Silurian times zonate and monolete spores since the Middle Devonian. The progression from trilete to zonate and/or to monolete can be traced through the evolution of all orders of the pteridophytes. A better food supply for the immature spore developing from the spore mother cell may have been the survival advantage. Progression from zonate spores may have led to the monosaccate spores of the coniferous line. Progression from monolete spores to presulcate and/or to sulcate pollen grains may have led to the pteridospermous line of reduction of the microgametic generations.
Linezolid and Serotonergic Drug Interactions: A Retrospective Survey

Background Linezolid is a reversible, nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor. There are currently 11 published case reports of serotonin syndrome being associated with linezolid and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Controversy exists regarding whether linezolid and SSRIs can be given concomitantly. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving linezolid and SSRIs. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of inpatients at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) with concomitant orders or therapy within 14 days for linezolid and an SSRI from 2000 to 2004. The Sternbach criteria and Boyer criteria for diagnosis of serotonin syndrome were used to identify clinical features of serotonin syndrome. Results Seventy-two patients received linezolid and an SSRI or venlafaxine within 14 days of each other. Fifty-two patients (72%) received concomitant therapy with linezolid and an SSRI or venlafaxine, and 20 patients (28%) did not receive concomitant therapy but received linezolid and an SSRI within a 14-day period. Overall, only 2 patients (3%) had a high probability of serotonin syndrome. In both patients with high probability, symptoms reversed rapidly on discontinuation of serotonergic therapy. The Boyer criteria were much more specific than the Sternbach criteria for identification of serotonin syndrome. Conclusions On the basis of our experience, we suggest that, if the clinical situation warrants use of linezolid in a patient receiving an SSRI, linezolid may be used concomitantly with SSRIs, without a 14-day washout period and with careful monitoring for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Serotonergic agents should be promptly discontinued if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
Program in C for studying characteristic properties of two-body interactions in the framework of spectral distribution theory

Abstract We present a program in C that employs spectral distribution theory for studies of characteristic properties of a many-particle quantum-mechanical system and the underlying few-body interaction. In particular, the program focuses on two-body nuclear interactions given in a J T -coupled harmonic oscillator basis and calculates correlation coefficients, a measure of similarity of any two interactions, as well as Hilbert–Schmidt norms specifying interaction strengths. An important feature of the program is its ability to identify the monopole part (centroid) of a 2-body interaction, as well as its ‘density-dependent’ one-body and two-body part, thereby providing key information on the evolution of shell gaps and binding energies for larger nuclear systems. As additional features, we provide statistical measures for ‘density-dependent’ interactions, as well as a mechanism to express an interaction in terms of two other interactions. This, in turn, allows one to identify, e.g., established features of the nuclear interaction (such as pairing correlations) within a general Hamiltonian. The program handles the radial degeneracy for ‘density-dependent’ one-body interactions and together with an efficient linked list data structure, facilitates studies of nuclear interactions in large model spaces that go beyond valence-shell applications. Program summary Program title: sdt Catalogue identifier: AEQG_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEQG_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 10 888 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 88 778 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C. Computer: Laptop, Workstation. Operating system: Linux [tested on Linux (Kernel 2.6.9) with a gcc, version 3.4.6]. RAM: Less than 10 MB Classification: 17.15. Nature of problem: The program calculates second-order energy moments, such as variances and correlation coefficients, widely used as measures of the overall strength of an interaction and its similarity to other interactions. It allows for studies of the physical properties of various interactions and their effect on many-particle systems. Solution method: Calculations are based on spectral distribution theory and invoke statistical measures provided by the theory. Running time: Less than 20 min (typically, several seconds) using a 1.80 GHz processor. References: [1] J.B. French and K.F. Ratcli, Phys. Rev. C 3, 94 (1971); [2] F.S. Chang, J.B. French, and T.H. Thio, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 66, 137 (1971); [3] K.T. Hecht and J.P. Draayer, Nucl. Phys. A223, 285 (1974); [4] K.D. Sviratcheva, J.P. Draayer, and J.P. Vary, Nucl. Phys. A 786, 31 (2007).
Early Versus Late Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective To investigate the impact of early versus late renal replacement therapy (RRT) on mortality in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. Design Meta-analysis of 9 retrospective cohort studies and 2 randomized clinical trials extracted from the Medline engine from 1950 to 2013. Setting University medical school. Participants 841 Patients. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results A total of 841 patients were studied. Pooled estimates of the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval using a random-effect model were conducted as well as the heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis. Primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and secondary outcome was the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. The 28-days mortality rate was lower in the early RRT group (OR = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.16-0.52, p Conclusion Early initiation of RRT for patients with AKI after cardiac surgery revealed lower 28-days mortality and shorter ICU length of stay. However, this was based on 11 studies of various qualities with very high heterogeneity of results. Defining treatment guidelines needs further research with a larger and better database.
Professional idealism among scientists and engineers: a neglected tradition in STS studies

Scholarly studies have tended to see scientists and engineers as closely identified with and not very critical of techno-science—as proponents and apologists, not critics. In fact, a significant minority of scientists and engineers have been fundamental critics of numerous aspects of techno-science. To call attention to this neglected dimension of science–technology–society relations, the present paper briefly reviews four contexts in which scientists and engineers have advanced, from the 1950s through the 1990s, basic moral criticisms of techno-science: the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the Pugwash movement, and the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). Against this background the paper then develops a slightly more expansive narrative of the work of the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility (CSFR) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Finally, mention is made of some new contemporary instances of this tradition of what is termed “professional scientific idealism.”  2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Light scattering by bubbles in liquids: Mie theory, physical-optics approximations, and experiments

Angular structures in the far-field scattering from bubbles are observed and modeled. Mie theory supports a model of diffraction and interference near the critical scattering angle. A new expression for the angular spacing of fine structure is derived. Photographs of scattering show some of the predicted features. Application of these structures to bubble sizing and detection are summarized and the theoretical extinction coefficient in water is plotted.
Biochemical evidence for the histochemical localization of linamarase activity inLotus corniculatus infected withStemphylium loti

β-glucosidases in healthy trefoil, inStemphylium loti, and inS. loti-infected trefoil have been purified and identified as linamarases byin vitro assays. The location of β-glucosidase activity in these same organisms was determined histochemically by modification of a simultaneous coupling azo-dye technique using bromonaphthyl glucoside as a substrate. The histochemical method was adapted for a quantitative spectrophotometric determination ofin vitro enzyme activity on this substrate. Each purified β-glucosidase was activein vitro on linamarin and the histochemical substrate. With concurrent biochemical and histochemical analyses, it was shown that the localized β-glucosidases were linamarases. Linamarase activityin situ was localized in the phloem, epidermis, and mesophyll in healthy and in infected trefoil leaves and inS. loti hyphae growing either on the surface or in infected tissue.
Yield of embryos from sequential anther culture

Experiments were conducted on sequential anther culture,i.e., returning anthers into medium following the usual harvest of embryos six weeks after culture initiation. Three diploid interspecific hybrid potato clones were used. Additional embryos were produced after the first harvest, although the quality and regeneration frequency of such embryos were generally poorer than for first harvest embryos. In addition, embryos from the second harvest required more time to regenerate into plants. Significantly more embryos were produced when anthers were returned to the same medium (16 per flask) compared to fresh medium (4 per flask) in sequential anther culture. Regression analysis showed that embryo yields at the first and second harvests were significantly correlated (P<0.01). Poor anther culture yield at the first harvest was not caused by a longer lag period. Highly responsive cultures continued to yield embryos even 12 weeks after culture initiation.
One Body, Many Parts: An Adult Program Profile.

The two-person staff of the adult program at Lipscomb University envisions a number of potential benefits of having a much larger staff. However, budget constraints and current staffing patterns oblige them to maintain a very centralized structure, and they rely greatly on colleagues in other offices across campus.
Role of physician assistants in dialysis units and nephrology

We surveyed physician assistants who work in nephrology to report their experience level, primary employer, salary, job responsibilities, and job satisfaction. Additional data were obtained from the Nephrology Manpower Study. The 67 responding physician assistants of 97 surveyed have 10.8 +/- 6.5 years (mean +/- standard deviation) total experience (6.2 +/- 5.0 years in nephrology). Typically, nephrologists (56.1%) or hospitals (30.3%) employ them. The majority (74%) earn $49,999 to $75,000; 79.1% work in outpatient units, 52.4% in inpatient units, 52.4% in hospitals, 43.3% in outpatient offices, and 23.9% in transplant units. In outpatient units, they manage 111 +/- 111 patients, mostly in free-standing (71.1%), for-profit (69.7%), corporately owned (87.3%) units in urban (80%) or suburban (18%) areas. Most (>85%) manage all dialysis- and nondialysis-related problems, including health maintenance; 84.3% are contacted first by staff, and 78% see patients more often than physicians. Of nephrologists who responded to the Manpower Study, 8.9% work with physician assistants and 20.7% work with nurse practitioners. Nephrologists in academic practice or private nephrology groups are more likely to use physician assistants (P < 0.05) and nurse practitioners (P < 0.005) than those in solo practice or multispecialty groups. Nephrologists with physician assistants (33.8 +/- 19.5 v 41.7 +/- 16.8 h/wk) or nurse practitioners (35.8 +/- 18.1 v 42.7 +/- 16.9 h/wk) tended to spend less time in direct patient care than those without physician extenders (P < 0.001). Nephrologists with renal fellows, however, spent the least time of all in direct patient care (30.0 +/- 15.9 v 47.3 +/- 14.9 h/wk; P < 0.001). Physician assistants can perform nearly all the medical tasks in dialysis units. They may offer one approach to providing effective and complete care for patients if nephrology manpower becomes limited.
Comparing FutureGrid, Amazon EC2, and Open Science Grid for Scientific Workflows

Scientists have many computing infrastructures available to conduct their research, including grids and public or private clouds. This article explores the use of these cyber-infrastructures to execute scientific workflows, an important class of scientific applications. In particular, it examines the benefits and drawbacks of cloud and grid systems using the case study of an astronomy application that analyzes data from the NASA Kepler mission to compute periodograms. The authors describe their experiences modeling the periodogram application as a scientific workflow using Pegasus and deploying it on the FutureGrid scientific cloud testbed, the Amazon EC2 commercial cloud, and the Open Science Grid. They also compare and contrast the infrastructures in terms of setup, usability, cost, resource availability, and performance.
Novel molecular elimination mechanism in formaldehyde photodissociation: the roaming H atom pathway

We present a state-correlated experimental investigation of formaldehyde (H2CO) dissociation to H2 and CO following excitation to a series of vibrational bands in the first electronically excited state, S1. The CO was detected by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization at various rotational states of CO (J = 5–45) and the CO velocity distributions were measured using state-resolved DC Slice Imaging. These high-resolution measurements reveal the internal state distribution of the correlated H2 cofragments. The results show that the rotationally hot CO (JCO = 40) is produced in conjunction with vibrationally cold H2 fragments (ν = 0–3), consistent with dissociation through the celebrated skewed transition state. After excitation of formaldehyde at energies near and above the threshold for dissociation to radical products (H2CO → H+HCO), a second molecular elimination channel appears which is characterized by rotationally cold CO (J 5–15) correlated with highly vibrationally excited H2 (ν = 5–7). These products are formed through a novel roaming H-atom mechanism that involves intramolecular H abstraction and avoids the region of the transition state to molecular elimination entirely. The current measurements give insight into the energy dependence of the branching of these different reaction mechanisms.
Using experimental indices to quantify the strength of species interactions

Few methods for demonstrating the effects of species interactions rival that of the manipulative experiment (Kareiva and Levin 2002). The now commonly performed removal or addition of predators, competitors, or mutualists to experimentally replicated populations of recipient species has irrefutably shown that species can have important effects on each other's populations, and that the strengths of these effects can vary considerably across environmental contexts and species identities. A large body of research is directed towards understanding this variation to forecast community dynamics and dissect how species interactions regulate community structure (Chesson 2000, McCann 2000, Stachowicz 2001, Duffy 2002). It has frequently been pointed out that progress in this field will require more explicit connections between ecological theory and the realities of nature (Laska and Wootton 1998, Parker et al. 1999, Berlow et al. 2004, Agrawal et al. 2007). This requires that interaction strengths measured experimentally be appropriate to the biology of our study systems and the mathematical abstractions we ascribe to them. Here we clarify some of the assumptions made in the application of the two most commonly used indices for measuring the strengths of species interactions with manipulative removal/addition experiments: Paine's index and the dynamic index. We explain how the values these indices are intended to measure – the per capita interaction strength between two species – are typically not estimated in common currencies. We then introduce extensions to these indices that alleviate a subset of previously made assumptions and limitations. These include a reformulation of Paine's index appropriate for an open-recruitment system, and an extension of the dynamic index applicable to interactions of a particular nonlinear form. While we focus our language on predator–prey interactions, our discussions are pertinent to the measurement of species effects in other types of interactions as well (Mitchell and Wass 1996, Freckleton et al. 2009).
Neurological picture. Acute brainstem displacement without uncal herniation and posterior cerebral artery injury.

Posterior cerebral artery infarcts associated with brainstem shift have been traditionally associated with uncal herniation. We describe the first case of a peduncular infarct due to lateral brainstem displacement. A 64-year-old man with a putaminal haemorrhage into the left putamen presented with eye opening to pain, localisation to pain, pupil anisocoria but intact pupil and corneal reflexes, gaze preference to the left and right hemiplegia. CT scan showed significant mass effect and early oedema. He …
Gender Differences in Simulator Sickness in Fixed- versus Rotating-Base Driving Simulator

This experiment compared simulator sickness between males and females as a function of fixed-base versus rotating base platforms. Eight males and eight females drove through two routes in a driving simulator. One route was presented in fixed-base mode and another was presented in motion-base with a .5 to 1 ratio of motion (physical world to virtual world). Routes and fixed versus motion mode were presented in counter- balanced order. Measures of simulator sickness on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (Kennedy et al., 1993) were obtained after each route. As predicted, males reported lower levels of simulator sickness than females. A nonsignificant trend for this gender effect to be diminished in the rotating versus stationary condition was observed. Results warrant additional investigation into the potential for motion-based platforms to reduce the incidence and severity of simulator sickness in populations at greater risk of experiencing these negative consequences (i.e., females and older adults).
Gypsy fetish: music, dirt, magic, and freedom

This article offers a reading of Transylvania (2006) directed by Tony Gatlif. It makes evident Gypsy identity’s unconscious dynamics when it occupies the position of a fetish within the cinematic story and in the interaction of the viewer with the exotic images on the screen. This specific reading argues that Gypsy fetish signals and covers over a site of psychic pain for the protagonist as well as for the viewer. Our argument insists that as a fetish Gypsy identity props up the social order. In this sense Gypsy identity is not addressed as it often is as a symptom, or more specifically as a challenge to the social order, but instead the analysis renders it to be a concealment of the lack around which the symbolic network is articulated. The article further explores Gypsy identity’s music, magic, dirt, and freedom as its key characteristics which conserve a potential access to what was disavowed and covered over – a lost enjoyment.
High Resolution Separations and Improved Ion Production and Transmission in Metabolomics.

The goal of metabolomics analyses is the detection and quantitation of as many sample components as reasonably possible in order to identify compounds or “features” that can be used to characterize the samples under study. When utilizing electrospray ionization to produce ions for analysis by mass spectrometry (MS), it is important that metabolome sample constituents be efficiently separated prior to ion production, in order to minimize ionization suppression and thereby extend the dynamic range of the measurement, as well as the coverage of the metabolome. Similarly, optimization of the MS inlet and interface can lead to increased measurement sensitivity. This perspective review will focus on the role of high resolution liquid chromatography (LC) separations in conjunction with improved ion production and transmission for LC-MS-based metabolomics. Additional emphasis will be placed on the compromise between metabolome coverage and sample analysis throughput.
Spray pyrolysis of silver indium sulfides

Abstract Two silver indium sulfide compounds, AgInS2 and AgIn5S8, were prepared by spray pyrolysis. AgInS2 always exhibited an orthorhombic structure, whereas AgIn5S8 was cubic. Electrical and optical properties of both compounds were measured.
Aeroelastic Calculations Based on Three-Dimensional Euler Analysis

This paper presents representative results from an aeroelastic code (TURBO-AE) based on an Euler/Navier-Stokes unsteady aerodynamic code (TURBO). Unsteady pressure, lift, and moment distributions are presented for a helical fan test configuration which is used to verify the code by comparison to two-dimensional linear potential (flat plate) theory. The results are for pitching and plunging motions over a range of phase angles, Good agreement with linear theory is seen for all phase angles except those near acoustic resonances. The agreement is better for pitching motions than for plunging motions. The reason for this difference is not understood at present. Numerical checks have been performed to ensure that solutions are independent of time step, converged to periodicity, and linearly dependent on amplitude of blade motion. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the current state of development of the TURBO-AE code and presents some plans for further development and validation of the TURBO-AE code.
Control and display combinations for blind vertical landings

Several hover control and display concepts were evaluated in flight on a variable-stability helicopter. The control and display concepts enable precise hover maneuvers, station keeping, and vertical shipboard landings in zero-visibility conditions and until now have been evaluated only in piloted simulations. A new display design method is presented that attempts to attain the same pilot-vehicle performance regardless of the level of control augmentation. The display design method was first examined analytically with the control dynamics in the context of the pilot's desired guidance strategy. Then, while fully hooded, three pilots performed landing-pad captures followed by vertical landings with attitude-rate-command/attitude-hold, attitude-command/attitudehold, and translational-velocity-command control systems. Of the 28 piloted blind landings, 25 were within 5 ft and 14 were within 2 ft of the specified touchdown point.
A flexible state-space approach for the modeling of metabolic networks II: advanced interrogation of hybridoma metabolism.

Abstract Having previously introduced the mathematical framework of topological metabolic analysis (TMA) – a novel optimization-based technique for modeling metabolic networks of arbitrary size and complexity – we demonstrate how TMA facilitates unique methods of metabolic interrogation. With the aid of several hybridoma metabolic investigations as case-studies ( Bonarius et al., 1995 , Bonarius et al., 1996 , Bonarius et al., 2001 ), we first establish that the TMA framework identifies biologically important aspects of the metabolic network under investigation. We also show that the use of a structured weighting approach within our objective provides a substantial modeling benefit over an unstructured, uniform, weighting approach. We then illustrate the strength of TAM as an advanced interrogation technique, first by using TMA to prove the existence of (and to quantitatively describe) multiple topologically distinct configurations of a metabolic network that each optimally model a given set of experimental observations. We further show that such alternate topologies are indistinguishable using existing stoichiometric modeling techniques, and we explain the biological significance of the topological variables appearing within our model. By leveraging the manner in which TMA implements metabolite inputs and outputs, we also show that metabolites whose possible metabolic fates are inadequately described by a given network reconstruction can be quickly identified. Lastly, we show how the use of the TMA aggregate objective function (AOF) permits the identification of modeling solutions that can simultaneously consider experimental observations, underlying biological motivations, or even purely engineering- or design-based goals.
Low doses of methylnaloxonium in the nucleus accumbens antagonize hyperactivity induced by heroin in the rat

Abstract The effect of microinjection of a quaternary opiate antagonist methylnaloxonium (MN) in the lateral ventricle, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) was examined on the locomotor activation produced by a subcutaneous heroin injection (0.5 mg/kg) in the rat. At this dose heroin typically produced an initial depressant phase (0–30 min) followed by a prolonged hyperactivity (40–120 min). Lateral ventricular injections did not significantly reverse the initial depressant effects of heroin (0–30 min), and a dose of 4 μg was needed to reverse the subsequent hyperactivity (40–120 min). The most potent blockade was observed following injections into the N.Acc. where 0.1 μg significantly reversed the initial depressant effects of heroin (0–30 min), and 0.25 μg significantly reversed the subsequent hyperactivity (40–120 min). In the VTA, MN had the weakest effects, failing to reverse significantly the initial depressant effects of heroin (0–30 min), and only attenuating the subsequent hyperactivity at the highest doses. It is suggested that certain opiates act on the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway at the level of the cell bodies in the VTA, but more critically in the N.Acc., possibly on opiate receptors postsynaptic to the dopamine neurons.
On and Off magnetic auditory evoked responses in early infancy: a possible marker of brain immaturity.

Objective To follow the development of the auditory evoked on- and off-responses in early infancy.
Sinus node dysfunction

Abstract One or more abnormal findings on several noninvasive or invasive tests is sufficient for the diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction in children. Invasive testing is seldom required. Presentation of the patient with sinus node dysfunction is variable and depends on patient age, presence of underlying hemodynamic disease, presence and severity of associated underlying conduction stystem disease, as well as the follow-up and monitoring practices of physicians. Dizziness/syncope and excessive fatigue or exercise intolerance, the most common symptoms of sinus node dysfunction, are difficult to document. Most patients with sinus node dysfunction are asymptomatic. Multiple causes of sinus node dysfunction have been reported in children, but most patients have a history of previous cardiac operations associated with atrial surgery. Although it is straightforward to recommend treatment (pacemaker implantation) for symptomatic patients for whom sinus node dysfunction has been documented, determination of treatment recommendations is challenging when documentation is equivocal or only mild sinus node dysfunction is found.