cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking the use of engineering conference papers: citation influence of the Stapp Car Crash Conference

Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the use of engineering conference papers by examining where the papers presented at the Stapp Car Crash Conference from 1980‐2005 were subsequently cited. Also, to examine whether the references were made to the conference paper or to the individual, the SAE Technical Paper, the second publication method. It also aims to study whether the citations were made to the lead author or secondary authors.Design/methodology/approach – The individual papers were searched in Science Citation Index on the Web of Science platform using the “Cited author” search and the appropriate work(s) were selected using the “Cited work” information. The number of citations to each paper was recorded and the bibliographic information from the citing articles for the “top cited” articles were retrieved and examined to determine the subject focus of the citing journals.Findings – Almost two‐thirds of the papers from the Stapp Car Crash Conference were cited at least once, mirroring that of ...
E-Journal Cataloging in an Age of Alternatives: A Survey of Academic Libraries

This article reports on a survey of U.S. academic libraries that was conducted in the spring of 2008 to determine if and how academic libraries were actively cataloging e-journals in the age of the OpenURL, A–Z journal lists, and the batch loading of purchased MARC records.
Transition matrix analysis of earthquake magnitude sequences

Abstract Estimation of complexity is a fascinating research topic in nonlinear signal and system analysis. Information theoretic functionals can be used to identify and quantify general relationships among variables; these relationships can be considered as the fingerprints of complexity. Up to now, the complexity of seismic sequences has been mostly related to the concept of self-similarity, suggesting that the earthquake dynamics can be interpreted as due to many components interacting over a wide range of time or space scales. This paper deals with a new idea of complexity of seismicity, focusing, in particular, on the transition probability between magnitudes. Using the Transition Matrix Method, a set of complexity parameters can be defined for earthquakes. Furthermore, the relationships among these parameters and those characterizing the earthquake magnitude dynamics have been analyzed in simulated and observational seismic sequences.
An experimental analysis of classical conditioning as a method of increasing heterosexual arousal in homosexuals

Classical conditioning of sexual response to female stimuli, using slidesand films with homosexual content as UCS, was examined in three homosexuals using single subject experimental designs. Critical variables in the classical conditioning procedure were systematically introduced and removed while objective and subjective measures of homo- and heterosexual behavior were recorded. In two subjects, classical conditioning was isolated as an effective procedure for increasing heterosexual arousal, although in one of these subjects, alteration of the temporal relationship between the CS and UCS was first necessary. In a third subject, classical conditioning was not effective. Implications for further clinical application are discussed.
Inverse scattering problems in the acoustic resonance region of an underwater target

The solution of an inverse scattering problem is defined in this paper as the extraction of physical information (viz., composition and shape) from the (active) echoes returned by an underwater elastic target. This pertains to the general area of target identification. In this sense, to solve an inverse scattering problem may be relatively simple in the low- or the high- frequency regions of the target's spectra, because of the number of simplifying approximations that can usually be made in these two spectral regions. However, for the intermediate or resonance region of all scatterers, the above mentioned approximations usually do not hold, and either exact solutions or novel types of approximations are required. This makes the inversion of the scattered waveforms extremely hard. A certain level of success has been achieved by exploiting the presence of certain resonance features that manifest themselves in the resonance region of the scattering cross-section (SCS) of submerged elastic targets. Although the main interest over the years has been the isolation or extraction of the resonance features contained within the SCS of a penetrable target, little has been said about what to do with these resonances once they are isolated. This resonance extraction process can be carried out theoretically, experimentally, and computationally, by means of either CW or pulsed interrogating waveforms. The paper shows some (idealized) examples to illustrate how the resonances, once they are isolated by either means, can be associated to the physical characteristics of the target that returned the echo, thus allowing for its unambiguous characterization. Means are discussed to extend the procedure, here illustrated with acoustics and sonar, to any active return from any type of sensor.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) constitutive transport element (CTE) functions in a position-dependent manner.

Abstract The Mason–Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) constitutive transport element (CTE) is a cis -acting RNA element located in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome. The HIV-1 and SIV Rev/RRE regulatory system can be replaced with MPMV CTE (Bray et al., 1994; Zolotukhin et al., 1994; Rizvi et al., 1996a); similarly, CTE function can also be replaced by the HIV or SIV Rev/RRE regulatory system (Rizvi et al., 1996b; Ernst et al., 1997). In addition, we have shown that in the context of the SIV genome, position is important for CTE function (Rizvi et al., 1996a). To determine the importance of position for CTE function in the context of the MPMV genome, MPMV molecular clones were generated by deleting CTE or removing it from the 3′ UTR and placing it in the approximately 40 bp of intervening sequences between the pol termination codon and env initiation codon. A test of these molecular clones in a single round of replication assay revealed that deletion or displacement of CTE in the intervening sequences between pol and env completely abrogated virus replication. Western blot analysis of cell lysates and pelleted culture supernatants revealed negligible amounts of Pr78 Gag/Pol precursor and the processed p27 gag when CTE was deleted or displaced. Slot blot analysis of fractionated RNAs revealed entrapment of the viral Gag/Pol mRNA in the nucleus with CTE deletion or displacement. Upon reinsertion of CTE in the original genomic position of clones with the deleted or displaced CTE, virus replication, Gag/Pol protein production, and nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral mRNA were restored to normal levels. Displacement of CTE to the 5′ UTR immediately upstream of the Gag initiation codon also resulted in aberrant Gag/Pol protein production and nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral RNA. Reinsertion of CTE at the original genomic position of the clone with CTE displacement at the 5′ UTR restored normal Gag/Pol protein production and RNA transport, demonstrating that the 3′ terminal position of CTE is important for its function. To explore why the 3′ terminal location of CTE is important, heterologous DNA sequences of increasing lengths were inserted between CTE and the polyadenylation (poly(A)) signal of the virus to augment the distance between the two cis -acting elements. Test of these constructs revealed that CTE function was progressively lost with incremental increase in distance between CTE and poly(A). To explore this relationship further, CTE was displaced to the env region ∼2000 bp upstream of the poly(A) signal which abrogated CTE function. However, cloning of poly(A) signal to ∼200 bp downstream of CTE in the env region (the natural distance between CTE and poly(A)) restored CTE function. Together, these results demonstrate that the close proximity of CTE to the poly(A) signal is important for CTE function, suggesting a functional interaction between CTE and the polyadenylation machinery.
The African Diaspora in the Eastern Andes: Adaptation, Agency, and Fugitive Action, 1573-1677

In 1545, miners struck silver in what would become one of the richest veins in the entire New World, the near legendary Cerro Rico of Potosi, in the Andean highlands of Peru. This strike prompted swift action on the part of royal authorities. They sought to rearrange existing land and labor systems and to establish new ones to meet the spiraling economic demands. Simultaneously they had to cope with a dramatic, unprecedented drop in the indigenous population which hitherto had supplied needed labor. The crown turned elsewhere, and authorized the exploitation of another, far more distant group of people. Slaves from Africa became an additional, ongoing source of much needed labor in the Andes.
Sperm output and serum testosterone in rabbits given prostaglandin F2α or E2

Abstract Two experiments were conducted, the first to compare sperm output and the second to determine serum testosterone in rabbits given PGF2α or PGE2. In the first, six rabbits were ejaculated twice each Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 5 weeks. Each rabbit was given subcutaneously (sc) each of the following treatments five times: 1) saline, 2) 5 mg PGF2α and 3) 5 mg PGE2. Treatments were given, half at 4 hr and half at 2 hr before first ejaculations. Both PGF2α and PGE2 caused increased (50% and 84%) sperm content of first ejacula, without significantly altering characteristics of second ejacula. The extra sperm in first ejacula was a function of increased sperm density, because seminal volume was unaltered. In the second experiment, 15 rabbits were bled at 0.5-hr intervals for 9 hr and given (sc): 1) saline at 1 and 3 hr (n=4), 2) 2.5 mg PGF2α at 1 and 3 hr (n=4), 3) 2.5 mg PGE2 at 1 and 3 hr (n=4) or 4) 5 mg PGF2α at 1 hr after the onset of blood sampling. In saline-treated controls, episodic surges of testosterone occurred on the average every 5 hours. After the injection of 2.5 or 5.0 mg PGF2α, serum testosterone began to rise at 0.5 hr, peaked (8 to 13 ng/ml) at 1 hr and approached a nadir (0.5 ng/ml) within 4 hours. The second injection of 2.5 mg PGF2α failed to significantly affect serum testosterone. PGE2 treatment was followed by significantly depressed serum testosterone; only 1 of these 4 rabbits had any surge of testosterone for the 8 hr after treatment. In conclusion, PGF2α and PGE2 both increased sperm output, but PGF2α increased serum testosterone while PGE2 depressed serum testosterone. Thus, the sperm output effect of these prostaglandins probably is independent of the acute changes in testosterone secretion.
Sensible use of antisense: how to use oligonucleotides as research tools

In the past decade, there has been a vast increase in the amount of gene sequence information that has the potential to revolutionize the way diseases are both categorized and treated. Old diagnoses, largely anatomical or descriptive in nature, are likely to be superceded by the molecular characterization of the disease. The recognition that certain genes drive key disease processes will also enable the rational design of gene-specific therapeutics. Antisense oligonucleotides represent a technology that should play multiple roles in this process.
Casting the assessment net wide: Capturing all student learning

North Georgia College and State University has joined a national effort to move away from the isolated approach to measuring student learning. Educators from three divisions offer their perspectives.
Iliac vessel injuries.

. Trauma to the iliac vasculature continues to pose a significant challenge to management. In several large series, mortality for penetrating injuries is reported as approaching 40%. Uncontrollable hemorrhage originating from an anatomically inaccessible source and multiple associated injuries often contribute to this high mortality rate. This article discusses the current existing management strategies and the controversial role of PTFE in vascular reconstruction within a contaminated field. Concomitant injuries to the enteric viscera and genitourinary system are also addressed. Postoperative management including anticoagulation and the complications of liberal fasciotomy are mentioned. The evolving role of endovascular therapy as an adjunctive modality in the armamentarium of the trauma surgeon is also presented briefly.
Infallibilism about Self-Knowledge

Descartes held the view that a subject has infallible beliefs about the contents of her thoughts. Here, I first examine a popular contermporary defense of this claim, given by Burge, and find it lacking. I then offer my own defense appealing to a minimal thesis about the compositionality of thoughts. The argument has the virtue of refraining from claims about whether thoughts are “in the head;” thus, it is congenial to both internalists and externalists. The considerations here also illuminate how a subject may have epistemicially priviledged and a priori beliefs about her own thoughts.
Fine mapping of an epilepsy modifier gene on mouse Chromosome 19

Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels are associated with several types of human epilepsy. Variable expressivity and penetrance are common features of inherited epilepsy caused by sodium channel mutations, suggesting that genetic modifiers may influence clinical severity. The mouse model Scn2a Q54 has an epilepsy phenotype due to a mutation in Scn2a that results in elevated persistent sodium current. Phenotype severity in Scn2a Q54 mice is dependent on the genetic background. Congenic C57BL/6J.Q54 mice have delayed onset and low seizure frequency compared to (C57BL/6J × SJL/J)F1.Q54 mice. Previously, we identified two modifier loci that influence the Scn2a Q54 epilepsy phenotype: Moe1 (modifier of epilepsy 1) on Chromosome 11 and Moe2 on Chromosome 19. We have constructed interval-specific congenic strains to further refine the position of Moe2 on Chromosome 19 to a 5-Mb region. Sequencing and expression analyses of genes in the critical interval suggested two potential modifier candidates: (1) voltage-gated potassium channel subunit subfamily V, member 2 (Kcnv2), and (2) SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2 (Smarca2). Based on its biological role in regulating membrane excitability and the association between ion channel variants and seizures, Kcnv2 is a strong functional candidate for Moe2. Modifier genes affecting the epilepsy phenotype of Scn2a Q54 mice may contribute to variable expressivity and penetrance in human epilepsy patients with sodium channel mutations.
Infant mortality and infant care: Cultural and economic constraints on nurturing in Northeast Brazil

The Brazilian 'Economic Miracle' has had an adverse effect on infant and childhood mortality which has been steadily rising throughout Brazil since the late 1960s. An analysis of the reproductive histories of 72 marginally employed residents of a Northeast Brazilian rural shantytown explores the economic and cultural context that inhibits these mother's abilities to rear healthy, living children and which forces them to devise 'ethnoeugenic' childrearing strategies that prejudice the life chances of those offspring judged 'less fit' for survival under the pernicious conditions of life on the Alto. it is suggested that the selective neglect of children is a direct consequence of the selective neglect of their mothers who have been excluded from participating in the national economy. The links between economic exploitation and maternal deprivation are further discussed with reference to the social causes of the 'insufficient breastmilk syndrome' and the commercial powdered milk dependency of these women.
The Use Of Ronchi Rulings For High Precision, Two-Dimensional Galvo Deflection Systems

Ronchi rulings can serve as low cost, high precision position references in galvo-based, actively-stabilized laser deflection systems. An overview of beam position sensing principles is presented, including a comparison of the design trade offs between monotonic and periodic position sensors. Next, methods are described to use a Ronchi ruling as a mask to define a series of identical locations on a media. Each location is the gap between two bars of the Ronchi ruling. By focusing the beam onto the grating, and introducing a high frequency, low amplitude dither in the beam position, a position signal can be generated which is zero when the beam is centered between two grating bars. This signal is suitable for use in a position stabilization loop which keeps the beam centered at the particular location. A method of using a pair of quadrature signals (including the dither position signal) is described in which the beam position can be tracked while scanning across many locations. A dual mode demonstration system is described which accesses any of 63 positions with a settling time less than two milliseconds. The spot size is 50 microns, resolution 1 micron and drift is not measurable. Techniques for extending the one-dimensional deflection to two-dimensional (x-y) operation are presented.
Courtextual Slippage: A Detriment to Child Custody Planning

ABSTRACT Highly conflicted divorcing families often seek the services of the courts to assist them in making child custody plans. In these cases, judges encourage or order divorcing parents to cooperate with child custody evaluators to settle their disputes. The task of these experts is not an easy one, and it is complicated by procedural issues to which the courts adhere. This study mapped the flow of procedural text through the court system. Twenty-two Court of Queens Bench judges and eight child custody evaluators employed in Alberta, Canada, participated in focus group discussions pertaining to the matter at hand. The study was deemed unique because Queen's Bench judges in Canada had never previously engaged in scholarly research. Procedural text used in the courts was assessed as a detriment to child custody planning. Consequently, the term courtextual slippage was coined, recognizing its restraint to child custody planning.
EPR studies by 57Fe isotopic substitution on the nature of an unknown electron acceptor in Azotobacter vinelandii phosphorylating particles

Abstract 1. EPR 57 Fe isotopic substitution studies provide unequivocal evidence that the g = 2.011 signal found in oxidized Azotobacter vinelandii phosphorylating particles is due to an iron-containing structure. The broadening constant determined as a result of this electron—nuclear hyperfine interaction was 15.7 G. 2. A similar signal found in a number of iron—sulfur containing proteins was found by quantitative EPR estimations to exist in a variable but substantial concentration when compared to the intensity of the reduced g = 1.9 type EPR resonance. 3. Reaction of the phosphorylating particles with excess potassium ferricyanide resulted in an alteration of the initial g = 2.011 iron signal resulting in the detection by microwave power studies of at least two different iron species which exhibited major g -values at 1.992 and 2.027.
On the relationship between handedness and season of birth for men.

A sample of 8,929 male baseball players and a sample of 2,234 males from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are used to assess the relation between handedness and season of birth. The results, when coupled with a further examination of the 1991 data of Dellatolas, Curt, and Lellouch, lead to the conclusion that those born during the spring and early summer are more likely to be left-handed than are those born during the fall and winter.
The C. elegans vitellogenin genes: short sequence repeats in the promoter regions and homology to the vertebrate genes

Abstract The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans contains a small family of vitellogenin genes which is expressed abundantly, but only in the intestine of the adult hermaphrodite worm. In order to identify possible regulatory elements, we have sequenced the DNA surrounding the 5' ends of five of the six genes. Contained within regions which have largely diverged from one another, two different heptameric sequences are found repeated within the first 200 bp upstream of each of the genes. The first sequence, TGTCAAT, is present as a perfect heptamer at least once upstream of each gene. It is repeated in both orientations four to six times in each 5' flanking region, allowing a one-base mismatch. The second sequence, CTGATAA, is also present as a perfect heptamer in a restricted region upstream of each gene. These two sequence elements may be involved in regulation of the vitellogenin genes. Remarkably, the CTGATAA sequence is present in a similar location in the promoter regions of vertebrate vitellogenin genes. In fact, our data reveal a surprising degree of similarity between the nematode and vertebrate vitellogenins.
Hepatic iodothyronine 5′-monodeiodinase activity in the broiler chicken: Effect of dietary fat and triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation

The conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the metabolically active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), is catalyzed by iodothyronine 5′-monodeiodinase (EC 3.8.1.4; 5′D). Indian River male broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d of age were used in a 3 × 2 factorial to determine the effect of dietary energy from fat and T3 supplementation on hepatic 5′D activity and plasma concentration of T4 and T3. Chickens were fed diets (13.1 MJ/kg diet) containing 1.25 (LF), 2.5 (MF) and 5.00 (HF) MJ from fat/kg diet + 0 or 1 mg T3/kg diet. Blood and liver samples were collected on d 28. Hepatic 5′D was affected by fat × T3 interaction (P<0.01): with no added T3, MF and HF increased 5′D 25 (P<0.01) and 16% (P<0.05) as compared to LF (1.5 nmoles I- · hr−1 · mg protein−1); however no changes in 5′D were found when T3 was added (1.42, 1.35 and 1.36 for LF, MF and HF, respectively). Diets with T3 increased plasma T3 (5.1 vs. 18.1 nmol/L, P<0.001) and decreased plasma T4 (12.4 vs. 7.9 nmol/L, P<0.001). Dietary fat did not affect plasma T3 and T4. The data indicate that the hepatic generation of T3 is stimulated by increased dietary fat intake. This effect of fat, however, is inhibited by dietary T3 supplementation.
Development of physico-chemical models for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Abstract Development of physico-chemical or process models for impedance spectra requires consideration of the physics and chemistry associated with the specific system under investigation. In order to be useful for interpretation of experimental data, the model must also account for the chracteristics of the measurement. The procedure for development of physico-chemical models is reviewed, and a method is presented that can be used to identify measurement characteristics such as error structure and degree of stationarity.
‘Negative of my money, positive of her money’: secondary students’ ways of relating equations to a debt context

We interviewed 40 students each in grades 7 and 11 to investigate their integer-related reasoning. In one task, the students were asked to write and interpret equations related to a story problem about borrowing money from a friend. All the students solved the story problem correctly. However, they reasoned about the problem in different ways. Many students represented the situation numerically without invoking negative numbers, whereas others wrote equations involving negative numbers. When asked to interpret equations involving negative numbers in relation to the story, students did so in two ways. Their responses reflect distinct perspectives concerning the relationship between arithmetic equations and borrowing/owing. We discuss these findings and their implications regarding the role of contexts in integer instruction.
SU ( 3 ) ⊗ SU ( 3 ) Algebra and the Cabibbo Angle

We investigate the possibility that the physically relevant currents may be different from those that satisfy the usual $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ algebra. This approach offers new insight into the nature of the Cabibbo angle. A modified soft-pion theorem for the ${K}_{l3}$ decay is also obtained, which provides better agreement with the present data.
On a discrete fractional three-point boundary value problem

In this paper, we analyse a ν-th order, , discrete fractional three-point boundary value problem (BVP). We show that Green's function associated to this problem satisfies certain conditions. We demonstrate that the range of admissible boundary conditions depends upon the order ν of the difference equation, and we give explicit formulae for this dependence. By using both the Brouwer fixed point theorem and the Krasnosel'skiĭ fixed point theorem, we then show that a solution to this problem exists. Our results extend recent results on discrete fractional BVPs (FBVPs), and they also provide an initial set of results on the theory of multipoint FBVPs on the time scale of integers.
Oxidized rare earth-iron compounds in photoassisted electrolysis of water

Abstract Anodes for use in a photoelectrolysis cell can be prepared by heating rare earth (R) iron compounds (RFe2, RFe3, R2Fe17 and R6Fe23) in air using the flame of a Fisher burner. For comparison, iron oxide and titanium oxide were also prepared by heating iron and titanium metal in air. The current-voltage (I–V) properties of these materials were measured in aqueous solution of 1 M NaOH. The flatband potentials (Vfb) were determined with respect to a fixed potential (SCE) by extrapolating the I–V curves to zero current. Anodic photocurrents were generated by light with energy exceeding the band gap of the photoanode material. Photoelectrolysis of water occurred, as evidenced by the evolution of oxygen from the RFeOx electrodes and hydrogen from the Pt electrode. Most of these electrodes were found to be stable under experimental conditions.
Spatial and trophic overlap of marked and unmarked Columbia River Basin spring Chinook salmon during early marine residence with implications for competition between hatchery and naturally produced fish

Ecological interactions between natural and hatchery juvenile salmon during their early marine residence, a time of high mortality, have received little attention. These interactions may negatively influence survival and hamper the ability of natural populations to recover. We examined the spatial distributions and size differences of both marked (hatchery) and unmarked (a high proportion of which are natural) juvenile Chinook salmon in the coastal waters of Oregon and Washington from May to June 1999–2009. We also explored potential trophic interactions and growth differences between unmarked and marked salmon. Overlap in spatial distribution between these groups was high, although catches of unmarked fish were low compared to those of marked hatchery salmon. Peak catches of hatchery fish occurred in May, while a prolonged migration of small unmarked salmon entered our study area toward the end of June. Hatchery salmon were consistently longer than unmarked Chinook salmon especially by June, but unmarked salmon had significantly greater body condition (based on length-weight residuals) for over half of the May sampling efforts. Both unmarked and marked fish ate similar types and amounts of prey for small (station) and large (month, year) scale comparisons, and feeding intensity and growth were not significantly different between the two groups. There were synchronous interannual fluctuations in catch, length, body condition, feeding intensity, and growth between unmarked and hatchery fish, suggesting that both groups were responding similarly to ocean conditions.
Sudden death due to malignant hyperthermia.

A case of sudden death in a young athlete, most likely the result of malignant hyperthermia, is reported. This diagnosis was entertained at autopsy and later confirmed by muscle biopsy on the father of the deceased, who was proven to be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. The condition should be
Wavelengths, oscillator strengths and fine structure for the lowest lying quintet states of Mg I

Abstract Using the configuration interaction method, we find the transitions 2p53s3p2 5L0→2p53p3 5P in Mg to occur at 2028, 1846, 2094 A with oscillator strengths 0.2836 (0.2742), 0.3137 (0.2911), and 0.2634 (0.2537) for L = D, P, S respectively (the velocity result appears in the parentheses).
The effects of dihydrotestosterone on the expression of p185erbB-2 and c-erbB-2 mRNA in the prostatic cell line LNCaP

Abstract The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 185000 molecular weight protein (p185erbB-2) which shares structural homology with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We examined the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the expression of p185erbB2 and c-erbB-2 mRNA in the human malignant prostatic cell line LNCaP. LNCaP cells grown in steroid-depleted media were treated with DHT (10−11–10−6 M) for 48 h and p185erbB-2 expression was determined by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine labelled p185erbB-2. c-erbB-2 mRNA levels were determined using a competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based technique. DHT at concentrations of 10−9 M or greater resulted in decreased expression of p185erbB-2. In contrast, DHT at these levels stimulated EGF receptor protein expression and cellular proliferation. c-erbB-2 mRNA levels declined to 30–50% of control levels following treatment with DHT of 10−10 M or greater. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on c-erbB-2 mRNA were rapid, occurring within 6–12 h of treatment. In summary, these results demonstrate that DHT, at concentrations that stimulate cell growth, inhibits the expression of p185erbB-2 and c-erbB-2 mRNA.
THE ROLE OF COMPOSITIONAL STRAIN IN THE INSTABILITY OF SOLID-FLUID THIN FILM INTERFACES

Consider a binary substitutional solid solution not in equilibrium with a fluid rich in either solid component. At the interface, depending on the chemical energy, the solid may selectively lose or gain atoms from the fluid. Any atom exchange upsets the nominal composition; thereby stresses are generated in the solid by simultaneous action of lattice dilation and interdiffusion. As stresses build up, the local changing volume tends to split up into islands in an effort to escape from stresses, while curvature tends to amalgamate the islands in an effort to minimize surface energy. This competition could lead to substantial corrugations of the solid-fluid interface. These corrugations and the thresholds for noticeable competition between stresses and curvatures had an old tradition in chemo-mechanical models of sharp interfaces beginning with Srolovitz (1989). However, stresses were generally considered as a mere cause of external loads, so a pure solid was tacitly asserted. This paper couples elasticity with a conserved-phase field model to mainly investigate the effect of compositional strain on the interface instability process between a binary solid selectively interacting with a fluid. The chemical energy barrier is considered, however, uncoupled from stress, and the mobility quadratically dependent on the gradient of composition. Under initial enforced sinusoidal perturbations, results of simulations showed that the compositional strain parameter can dramatically alter the effect of the chemical energy barrier on the critical wavelength of perturbations that trigger interface instability.
Modeling of Particulate Behavior in Pinhole Breaches

A model is presented for calculating depressurization time for and particulate release from used nuclear fuel dry storage containers that have developed a pinhole breach. Particular attention is given to particulate deposition and transmission within the breach pathway. The model is modular in nature and is developed in a way that allows for more advanced treatments of internal temperature, internal component geometry, or aerosol flow to be readily incorporated. The model can be treated as a basis for addressing concerns associated with monitoring and verification efforts during long-term dry cask storage
Diverse topologies in copper aromatic dicarboxylate coordination polymers containing 3-pyridylmethylnicotinamide: Effect of geometric isomerism and ring substituent

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of copper nitrate and 3-pyridylmethylnicotinamide (3-pmna) with aromatic dicarboxylates has afforded a series of coordination polymers that were structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. [Cu(tere)(3-pmna)] n ( 1 , tere = terephthalate) displays a 3,5-connected 3-D binodal net with uncommon (6 3 )(6 9 8) gra topology. {[Cu(iph)(3-pmna)(H 2 O)]·3H 2 O} n ( 2 , iph=isophthalate) possesses an extremely rare 4-connected 3-D self-penetrated net with 8 6 tcb topology. [Cu 2 (nip) 2 (3-pmna) 2 ] n ( 3 , nip = 5-nitroisophthalate) manifests a doubled chain 1-D structure, while increased steric bulk in [Cu(tbip)(3-pmna)] n ( 4 , tbip = 5-tert-butylisophthalate) results in a 1-D single chain motif. A significant dependence of the dimensionality and topology of these materials on the part of the carboxylate donor disposition and ring substituent was thus revealed. Thermal properties of these new materials were also investigated.
Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting is associated with significantly improved long-term survival, even among diabetic patients.

Background This study examines if bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting provides improved outcomes compared with single internal thoracic artery (SITA) grafting, in the modern era, in which diabetes mellitus and obesity are more prevalent. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database at a single large academic center was reviewed for all consecutive isolated coronary artery bypass grafting patients with two or more distal anastomoses from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2010. Propensity-adjusted logistic and Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of BITA on short-term outcomes and long-term survival for diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Results A total of 3,527 coronary artery bypass grafting operations (812 BITA, 2,715 SITA) were performed. Fewer BITA than SITA patients had diabetes (28.6% vs 44.7% p p = 0.006) in the long-term hazard of death equally for nondiabetic and diabetic patients ( p = 0.93). Deep sternal wound infection was more common among diabetic than among nondiabetic patients (1.5% vs 0.7%), but was similar within nondiabetic (1.0% vs 0.6%) and diabetic patients (1.7% vs 1.5%) who had BITA vs SITA. Overall, BITA and SITA patients had similar rates of deep sternal wound infection (1.2% vs 1.0%). Conclusions BITA grafting confers a long-term survival advantage and should be performed whenever suitable coronary anatomy exists and patient risk factors allow an acceptable risk of deep sternal wound infection.
Geometry optimization of molecular clusters and complexes using scaled internal coordinates

Scaled internal coordinates are introduced for use in the geometry optimization of systems composed of multiple fragments, such as solvated molecules, clusters, and biomolecular complexes. The new coordinates are related to bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles by geometry-dependent scaling factors. The scaling factors serve to expedite the optimization of complexes containing outlying fragments, without hindering the optimization of the intramolecular degrees of freedom. Trial calculations indicate that, at asymptotic separations, the scaling factors improve the rate of convergence by a factor of 4 to 5.
Symptoms of Depression and Smoking Behaviors Following Treatment with Transdermal Nicotine Patch

Subscales from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CESD), assessed prior to treatment, were examined as predictors of withdrawal, craving, and affect during the first week of abstinence, as well as smoking abstinence during the first week of abstinence and at the end of treatment. The negative affect and somatic features CESD subscales were related to higher levels of nicotine withdrawal. The relationship between the interpersonal disturbance CESD subscale and nicotine withdrawal approached significance. This study suggests the need to examine novel psychological mechanisms that may account for the relationship between depression symptoms and smoking cessation.
Let's Build the Road Network of Civic Tech

Your awesome petition app is like a sports car without a freeway to drive on. Over the past several years we've built amazing civic apps that are improving public service delivery, engaging more citizens in the political process, and making governments more accountable around the world. But we're rapidly approaching a point common to all new public technologies: the need for common infrastructure to enable massive scale. This talk will discuss three tenets of civic technology that will take us towards a common framework, and present research and examples of work doing this today. It's time for developers, governments, corporations, academics, funders and citizens to come together and lay the groundwork for what's next.
Poor knowledge of methotrexate associated with older age and limited English-language proficiency in a diverse rheumatoid arthritis cohort.

Our objective was to determine rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ understanding of methotrexate and assess whether knowledge varies by age, education, English language proficiency, or other disease-related factors. Adults with RA (n = 135) who were enrollees of an observational cohort completed a structured telephone interview in their preferred language between August 2007 and July 2009. All subjects who reported taking methotrexate were asked 11 questions about the medication in addition to demographics, education level, and language proficiency. Primary outcome was a total score below the 50th percentile (considered inadequate methotrexate knowledge). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. Covariates included demographics, language proficiency, education, and disease characteristics. Of 135 subjects, 83% were female, with a mean age of 55 ± 14 years. The majority spoke English (64%), followed by 22% Spanish and 14% Cantonese or Mandarin. Limited English language proficiency (LEP) was reported in 42%. Mean methotrexate knowledge score was 5.4 ± 2.6 (range, 0 to 10); 73 (54%) had a score lower than 5 (of 10). Age older than 55, less than high school education, LEP, better function, and biologic use were independently associated with poor knowledge. In a diverse RA cohort, overall methotrexate knowledge was poor. Older age and limited proficiency in English were significant correlates of poor knowledge. Identification of language barriers and improved clinician-patient communication around methotrexate dosing and side effects may lead to improved safety and enhanced benefits of this commonly used RA medication.
ACTIVE CONTROL OF FLOATING STRUCTURES

Many floating and semi-floating structures exist at present, from small heliports to large offshore drilling platforms. Furthermore, a wide variety of floating structures have been proposed, including offshore nuclear power plants, high-rise housing, and even airports. These applications have been proposed for floating structures since they would utilize space not otherwise available, and they would be isolated from earthquakes. Such structures are, however, subject to waves, which provide a continuous disturbance.
Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in the United States, 1993–2006

Background Almost one-fifth of United States tuberculosis cases are extrapulmonary; unexplained slower annual case count decreases have occurred in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), compared with annual case count decreases in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. We describe the epidemiology of EPTB by means of US national tuberculosis surveillance data. Methods US tuberculosis cases reported from 1993 to 2006 were classified as either EPTB or PTB. EPTB encompassed lymphatic, pleural, bone and/or joint, genitourinary, meningeal, peritoneal, and unclassified EPTB cases. We excluded cases with concurrent extrapulmonary-pulmonary tuberculosis and cases of disseminated (miliary) tuberculosis. Demographic characteristics, drug susceptibility test results, and risk factors, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, were compared for EPTB and PTB cases. Results Among 253,299 cases, 73.6% were PTB and 18.7% were EPTB, including lymphatic (40.4%), pleural (19.8%), bone and/or joint (11.3%), genitourinary (6.5%), meningeal (5.4%), peritoneal (4.9%), and unclassified EPTB (11.8%) cases. Compared with PTB, EPTB was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-1.8) and foreign birth (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.5-1.6), almost equally associated with HIV status (OR, 1.1; CI, 1.1-1.1), and negatively associated with multidrug resistance (OR, 0.6; CI, 0.5-0.6) and several tuberculosis risk factors, especially homelessness (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.3-0.3) and excess alcohol use (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.3-0.3). Slower annual decreases in EPTB case counts, compared with annual decreases in PTB case counts, from 1993 through 2006 have caused EPTB to increase from 15.7% of tuberculosis cases in 1993 to 21.0% in 2006. Conclusions EPTB epidemiology and risk factors differ from those of PTB, and the proportion of EPTB has increased from 1993 through 2006. Further study is needed to identify causes of the proportional increase in EPTB.
Monte Carlo Calculation of Hole Transport in Bulk Zincblende Phase of GaN including a Pseudopotential Calculated Band Structure

In this paper, we present ensemble Monte Carlo based calculations of the steady state hole transport properties, i.e. average energy, drift velocity, and band occupancy of zincblende GaN. The Monte Carlo calculation includes the full details of the valence bands and a numerically determined scattering rate derived from an empirical pseudopotential calculation. Calculations are made for electric field strengths up to 1000 kV/cm. It is found that the average hole energies are much lower than the corresponding electron energies at comparable electric field strengths, and that some anisotropy in the drift velocity and average energy appears at the higher fields examined here.
Improving seasonal predictions of climate variability and water availability at the catchment scale

Abstract In a water-stressed region, such as the southwestern United States, it is essential to improve current seasonal hydroclimatic predictions. Typically, seasonal hydroclimatic predictions have been conditioned by standard climate indices, for example, Nino-3 and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). In this work, the statistically unique relationships between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and particular basins’ hydroclimates are explored. The regions where global SSTs are most correlated with the Little Colorado River and Gunnison River basins’ hydroclimates are located throughout the year and at varying time lags. The SSTs, from these regions of highest correlation, are subsequently used as hydroclimatic predictors for the two basins. This methodology, named basin-specific climate prediction (BSCP), is further used to perform hindcasts. The hydroclimatic hindcasts obtained using BSCP are shown to be closer to the historical record, for both basins, than using the standard climate indices as predictors.
Propagation of surface fatigue cracks in human cortical bone

An understanding of how fatigue cracks grow in bone is of importance as fatigue is thought to be the main cause of clinical stress fractures. This study presents new results on the fatigue-crack growth behavior of small surface cracks (approximately 75-1000 microm in size) in human cortical bone, and compares their growth rates with data from other published studies on the behavior of both surface cracks and many millimeter, through-thickness large cracks. Results are obtained with a cyclically loaded cantilever-beam geometry using optical microscopy to examine for crack growth after every 100-500 cycles. Based on the current and previous results, small fatigue cracks appear to become more resistant to fatigue-crack growth with crack extension, analogous to the way the fracture resistance of cortical bone increases with crack growth. Mechanistically, a theory attributing such behavior to the development of bridges in the wake of the crack with crack growth is presented. The existence of such bridges is directly confirmed using optical microscopy.
The Paved and the Unpaved: Toward a Political Economy of Infrastructure, Mobility, and Urbanization in Haiti

This article argues that an ideological struggle organized around competing Haitian cultural definitions of liberte conditioned the development of Haiti's transport infrastructure from independence in 1804 to the U.S. Occupation of 1915–1934. This definition of liberte was linked to the ideological reproduction of state power by maintaining cultural constructions of people as urban or rural. Using historical sources, an analysis of the institutions, policies, and practices of infrastructure use and development shows that movement itself serves as cultural symbol and site of ideological struggle, as differential access to freedom of movement influences the maintenance of urban and rural classifications. During the colonial period and immediately after independence, the plantation economy neglected transport infrastructure, which helped keep cities small and laborers on plantations. By the mid-19th century, the plantation economy collapsed, and landowners moved to port cities to enter commerce or politics. Smallholding peasantries emerged in rural areas, but continued lack of transport investment kept them there. Only in the late 19th century did Haitian elites invest in transport infrastructure; this was enhanced by the early-20th-century American occupation. Only then did cities begin to grow substantially.
Fractal Analysis of a Sol–Gel-Derived Silica by Adsorption Revisited

Abstract The fractal analysis of microporous solids through the molecular tiling method is dependent on the geometry and orientation of molecules in the adsorbed phase as well as the mechanism of adsorption (monolayer-multilayer coverage or micropore volume-filling) occurring in the pores. The data of Sermon et al. (9) obtained with a series of n -alkanes on a microporous silica sol–gel have been reanalyzed by taking into account the micropore volume-filling process as well as the linear nature of the molecules and their parallel-lying, nearest neighbor, chain configuration on the surfaces of the sol–gel.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF HEXAMMINECOBALT(III) TRIBROMODICHLOROCUPRATE(II)

The magnetic susceptibility of hexamminecobalt(III) tribromodichlorocuprate(II) has been measured in the temperature range 4.2–292° K. There is a distinct minimum in the (χ m )−1 versus T plot near...
Modeling the Infrared Emission from the Eridani Disk

We model the infrared (IR) emission from the ringlike dust disk around the main-sequence (MS) star Eridani, a young analog to our solar system, in terms of a porous dust model previously developed for the extended wedge-shaped disk around the MS star β Pictoris and the sharply truncated ringlike disks around the Herbig Ae/Be stars HR 4796A and HD 141569A. It is shown that the porous dust model with a porosity of ~90% is also successful in reproducing the IR to submillimeter dust emission spectral energy distribution as well as the 850 μm flux radial profile of the dust ring around the more evolved MS star Eri. Predictions are made for future SIRTF observations that may allow a direct test of the porous dust model.