cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poly(ADP-ribose)-mediated post-translational modification of chromatin-associated human topoisomerase I. Inhibitory effects on catalytic activity.

Abstract We have investigated the association of human topoisomerase I with poly(ADP-ribosylated) domains of chromatin and the effects of this modification on the enzyme activity. In vitro poly(ADP-ribosylation) assays demonstrated that this enzyme was one of the major acceptors for this chromatin-dependent post-translational modification. Western blotting procedures using antibody to topoisomerase I indicated that under extensive poly(ADP-ribosylation) conditions, where a majority of poly(ADP-ribose) acceptor molecules form aggregates, the major population of the topoisomerase I associated with chromatin was apparently non-aggregated. The catalytic activity of the topoisomerase I associated with the poly(ADP-ribosylated) chromatin was 3-5-fold inhibited. Additionally, antibody to poly(ADP-ribose) was used to immunofractionate selectively the modified domains of chromatin. Our data suggests the presence of topoisomerase I, both adjacent and distal to the poly(ADP-ribosylated) sites of chromatin. Unmodified and a significant portion of the modified species of enzyme migrated as approximately 100-kDa proteins. However, the modified form of topoisomerase was noted to be catalytically less active as compared to the enzyme bound to the non-poly(ADP-ribosylated) nucleosomes. These results provide evidence, at the cellular level, for the poly(ADP-ribosylation)-mediated regulation of human topoisomerase I and suggest a functional significance for poly(ADP-ribosylation) in topoisomerase-related processes (replication, transcription, and recombination) in eukaryotes.
Amniotic fluid volume in normal pregnancy: Comparison of two different normative datasets

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the two normative datasets of amniotic fluid volume (AFV). Material and Methods: The similarity of the two datasets to classify AFV as oligohydramnios, normal, and polyhydramnios based on fixed cut-offs, stratified by gestational ages ( 37 weeks, and to identify oligohydramnios/small for gestational age (SGA) and polyhydramnios/large for gestational age (LGA) was evaluated. Results: Of the 209 pregnancies assessed, the AFV was 94 ≤ 500 mL, 101 between 501 and 1999 mL, and 14 ≥ 2000 mL. The datasets were in agreement classifying the AFV as oligohydramnios, normal, and polyhydramnios in 76% of the pregnancies. Brace classified more overall patients with oligohydramnios (19%) versus Magann (3%) (P 37 weeks), Brace was more likely to classify pregnancies with oligohydramnios (15%) than Magann (3%) (P = 0.004). The likelihood ratio (LR) to detect oligohydramnios/SGA was greater with Magann (LR 12.9) versus Brace (LR 2.75). Conclusion: The two datasets classify AFV differently in 24% of cases. Brace's dataset is more likely to categorize patients as having oligohydramnios and Magann's dataset is a more useful test for oligohydramnios/SGA identification.
Metabolic turnover studies on the two major forms of rat and rabbit plasminogen.

Abstract Two major forms of plasminogen can be isolated from the plasmas of several species by affinity chromatography methods. These two forms are easily isolated in high purity from a single small animal, a situation which is particularly suitable for biological investigations. This paper shows that the two forms of rat and rabbit plasminogen must exist as such in the circulating plasma, are not interconvertible, and appear in the plasma at different rates following a single injection of l-[4,5-3H]leucine. Studies on the biological turnover characteristics of each major plasminogen form under homologous and heterologous conditions demonstrate that plasminogen Form 2 from affinity chromatography columns possesses a circulatory half-life which is slightly lower than plasminogen Form 1.
A multi-level motion controller for low-cost Underwater Gliders

An underwater glider named ROUGHIE (Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering) is designed and manufactured to provide a test platform and framework for experimental underwater automation. This paper presents an efficient multi-level motion controller that can be used to enhance underwater glider control systems or easily modified for additional sensing, computing, or other requirements for advanced automation design testing. The ultimate goal is to have a fleet of modular and inexpensive test platforms for addressing the issues that currently limit the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Producing a low-cost vehicle with maneuvering capabilities and a straightforward expansion path will permit easy experimentation and testing of different approaches to improve underwater automation.
The Rail Industry's Testing Experience with Low CM Fuels

An alternative locomotive diesel fuel study included testing a wide variety of fuels in full-sized engines. The fuels tested included methanol and ethanol, shale oil product, SCR II, carbon black-diesel oil slurry, sunflower oil, residual-diesel fuel oil blends, and off-specification middle petroleum distillates. The laboratory test facility includes EMD and GE full-sized engines and smaller research engines. Testing includes engine performance, long-term idle, and 500-hour wear tests. Some promising fuels are field tested in locomotives operating in normal service.
Accounts Receivable Policy Under Stochastic Inflation

This paper investigates the problem of managing accounts receivable under uncertain inflation. In particular, we derive expressions for the cash discount and the length of the credit period under the assumption that the inflation rate can be modeled by a general autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) process. A number of examples illustrate the size of the change required to keep the real rate of interest, implicit in the terms of sale, constant.
The Dynamics and Convective Evolution of the Upper Mantle

This chapter summarizes current understanding of convective instability in the upper mantle based on observations and theoretical predictions, beginning with interpretations of the earliest observations on how cooling from above would be reflected in seafloor depth, heat flow, and geoid height as functions of age. The lithosphere is a thermal boundary layer of mantle convection and, in absence of other heat transport mechanisms, seafloor subsidence would be expected even to very old ages. Slower subsidence of old seafloor has been described in terms of plate models for upper-mantle thermal evolution which implies a heatflux to the base of thermal boundary layer either due to hot spots or thermal convective instability. Both heat transport mechanisms appear to be important but to differing extents in different ocean basins. A plate model assumes that convective instability develops only beneath old lithosphere (>70 My) and that cooling of the upper mantle is restricted to depths shallower than the plate thickness (<125 km). However, convective instability beneath the very young Nazca and Pacific Plates has been identified by gravity lineations aligned with plate motion. Inferences from seismic velocity structure indicate that shear-wave velocity in the upper mantle beneath the Pacific Plate continues to change with age at depths exceeding the plate thickness. Beneath other more slowly spreading plates, small scale convection at young ages might not be detectable or may be absent. The young onset of small scale convection beneath Nazca and Pacific Plates could be related to fast spreading rates or to physical properties of the upper mantle, such as water content or grain size, that reduce mantle viscosity. Convective instability in the upper mantle may also be driven by melting. Buoyant decompression melting is a candidate for explaining intraplate volcanism at spatial and temporal scales that do not fit the classical hot-spot paradigm. Buoyant decompression melting is considered as a possible explanation for intraplate volcanism at small spatial and short temporal scales. Upwelling and melting beneath spreading centers must play a major role in affecting the composition and physical properties of the upper mantle that ultimately govern convective instability. The compositional effects of melting under spreading centers may be significantly affected by mechanisms of melt migration and the development of buoyant instability beneath the spreading axis.
Thermodynamic parameters of hydrocarbons in the critical range

Scale equations of state have been derived for normal octane and nonane, which describe the thermal and caloric properties of those substances with an error close to the error of experiment.
Enhanced mechanical hardness in compositionally modulated Fe(001)/Pt(001) and Fe(001)/Cr(001) epitaxial thin films

Abstract The hardnesses and elastic moduli of sputter-deposited epitaxial Fe (001) Pt (001) and Fe (001) Cr (001) multilayers grown on MgO(001) were evaluated as a function of composition wavelength Λ. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the structure of these multilayers, allowing for the examination of the structural underpinnings of the mechanical properties in these systems. For both Fe/Pt and Fe/Cr multilayers, nanoindentation results reveal no appreciable enhancement in the elastic modulus (the so-called supermodulus effect) over a broad range of Λ. A reduced modulus is observed at small Λ in the Fe/Pt multilayer films, which can be attributed to interfacial bonds which are weaker than those in the bulk. Nanoindentation data reveal that for Fe/Pt multilayers, the hardness is enhanced over that expected from a simple rule of mixtures by a factor of approximately 2.5. This enhancement in hardness occurs over a considerable range in Λ (2–10 nm) and is not a function of Λ in this wavelength regime. Preliminary results indicate that the hardness of Fe/Cr multilayers obtained via nanoindentation is also enhanced over the rule of mixtures value by a slightly smaller amount than observed in the Fe/Pt system. The high hardness may arise from structure modulated strengthening (f.c.c./b.c.c.) in the Fe/Pt system. The structural difference between Fe and Pt is a barrier to dislocation motion between the two materials, and this contributes to the hardness of these multilayer films. However, since a large enhancement is seen in the Fe/Cr system, where no structure modulated strengthening occurs, this structural effect may be minor. The dominant mechanism responsible for the hardness enhancement in Fe (001) Pt (001) and Fe (001) Cr (001) multilayers has not yet been identified. Experiments are underway to determine whether the strength enhancement arises from the number of interfaces, the stress state, the shear modulus discontinuity, or other effects in these multilayer thin films.
Automated testing of a high-power RF microwave tube

This paper describes an automated procedure for testing the high-power klystron amplifiers used in the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA). To verify klystron performance, we have developed an automated test system using data-acquisition and control programs based on LabVIEW, a program that can communicate with both an Allen-Bradley PLC5/15 controller over RS232 interface and with other devices that use the GPIB interface. Three automated tests were developed and performed on the high-power klystron: swept-frequency, power-transfer, and VSWR. This paper describes the tests performed, presents test data on the GTA klystrons, provides block diagrams of the automated test facility, and characterizes all the capabilities for the automated test system. This test facility is being used by the GTA program to fully characterize the klystron amplifiers before they are commissioned. >
The problem of symbol reversals and confusions, their frequency and remediation

For many years observations have been made of individuals who wrote in reversed patterns (in "mirror fashion") or who jumbled letters within words and displaced digits in numbers that were written or copied. Another dramatic form of expression has been found among children who were by natural expression left-handed and who were changed to right-hand expression in writing, and then, for the first time, began to show some speech deficiency. In 1940 Bryngelson reported the results of his study of manual dominance in normal speech cases and stutterers.1 He found the following contrasting percentages in the two types. PERCENTAGES Dominance Normal Speakers Speech Defectives Right-handed 94 69 Left-handed 6 6 Ambidextrous 0 29 Shifted handedness 1 58 Left-handedness in family 42 49 Stutterers in family 6 53 Thus, it was shown that fewer speech defectives are right-handed than normal speakers; that more speech defectives are ambidextrous than normal speakers; and, that left-handedness and stuttering is found more often in the families of speech defectives than in normal speakers. Many other studies support the conclusion that manual dominance and
TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN AUTOMOBILES

Current technological trends in the automotive industry reflect many diverse disciplines. Electronics and microprocessors, new engine transmission concepts, composite and ceramic materials, and computer-aided design and manufacture will combine to make possible the creation of advanced automobiles offering outstanding quality, fuel economy, and performance. A projected "average" vehicle of the 1990's is described to illustrate the application of these new concepts.
Diurnal variations of metabolic responses to prolactin in lower vertebrates

Abstract Several responses to prolactin are shown to vary diurnally. On 16-hour photoperiods, midday injections induce fattening in the golden topminnow, Fundulus chrysotus, the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, the green anole, Anolis carolinensis, and the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis. Such injections, carried out over a period of 1 week, increase the total body lipid to levels found during the annual cycle when lipid deposits are greatest. Midday injections also promote a catabolic effect in the fish and the bird, and induce nocturnal restlessness in the white-throated sparrow, a nocturnal migrant. On the other hand, early injections (2 hours after the beginning of the photoperiod) cause a loss in fat stores in the fish and the bird and fail to produce nocturnal restlessness in the bird. Early injections, however, promote growth responses (increase in dry nonlipid materials) in all four vertebrates. The fattening and catabolic responses to prolactin injections at midday are still present in unfed fish. The diurnal variation in responses to prolactin offer an explanation for the conflicting and diverse reports regarding the function of prolactin and emphasize the importance of time in understanding the physiology of prolactin.
A simple procedure for testing linear hypotheses about the parameters of a nonlinear model using weighted least squares

Suppose the same nonlinear function involving k parameters is fit to each of t populations. Suppose further it is of interest to compare a specific parameter of the models across the populations. Such comparisons can be expressed as linear hypotheses about the parameters of the nonlinear models. A weighted linear least squares (WLLS) procedure is proposed to test these linear hypotheses. The advantages and disadvantages of the WLLS procedure are discussed. This procedure is also compared to a nonlinear least squares procedure for testing these hypotheses in nonlinear models.
Wave pipelining for application-specific networks-on-chips

This paper presents methods for optimizing application-specific networks-on-chips (NoCs). We show that wave pipelining provides more energy efficient data transport than non-wave pipelined communication. We observe 52% energy saving, 60% transistor area saving, and 1.7 times speedup by using wave pipelining in simulation. Wave pipelining is particularly well suited to networks-on-chips because the networkes structured interconnection provides better delay control. Our analysis shows how designers can tune their network to the requirements of the application by choosing a design point along area/performance or area/energy curves.
Discriminability measures for predicting readability of text on textured backgrounds

Several discriminability measures were examined for their ability to predict reading search times for three levels of text contrast and a range of backgrounds (plain, a periodic texture, and four spatial-frequency-filtered textures created from the periodic texture). Search times indicate that these background variations only affect readability when the text contrast is low, and that spatial frequency content of the background affects readability. These results were not well predicted by the single variables of text contrast (Spearman rank correlation = -0.64) and background RMS contrast (0.08), but a global masking index and a spatial-frequency-selective masking index led to better predictions (-0.84 and -0.81, respectively). c2000 Optical Society of America.
Taste–smell interactions are tastant and odorant dependent

Essai d'evaluation des interactions entre les deux sens par l'etude des interactions odeur des fraises-saveur sucree, fraise-sel, beurre d'arachide-sucre, beurre d'arachide-sel
Geometry and Efficacy of Trp-Trp, Trp-Tyr and Tyr-Tyr Aromatic Interaction in Cross-Strand Positions of a Designed β-Hairpin

Analysis of the impact of neighboring aromatic groups on structure can lead to improved understanding of protein folding mechanisms and stability. In this study, we examined the impact of varying aromatic interactions in cross-strand positions for Trpzip2, a β-hairpin forming peptide (Cochran et al., PNAS, 2001, 98, 5578-5583), by comparison of the interactions of Trp-Trp, Trp-Tyr and Tyr-Tyr. NMR and optical spectra (ECD, FTIR) of the original TZ2 peptide and its Tyr and Val-substituted mutants were analyzed to characterize their conformations and thermal stability. Cross-strand coupled Trp-Trp and Trp-Tyr pairs show unique, strong exciton bands in ECD while the Tyr-Tyr pair doesn't show any clear exciton band. The edge-to-face cross strand interaction leads to stable β-hairpin structures when Trps are at positions 2-11 or 4-9, but the alternate coupling for Trp at positions 2-9 does not lead to a stable structure. In Trpzip2 these would correspond to a more face-to-face interaction, which may contribute to the instability. When Tyr is substituted for Trp, the Trp-Trp interaction has more contribution to the peptide stabilization than does the Tyr-Tyr pair. When Tyr is substituted into position 4 and 11, the Trp-Tyr pair also has a unique geometry. These aromatic-aromatic interactions were also compared to simple hydrophobic interaction by contrasting stabilities of peptides with Val or Tyr substituted for two interacting Trp residues. Tyr is more stabilizing than Val for such substitutions which may indicate coupling of conjugated π-electron systems dominates stability. Aromatic interactions showed a stronger effect than hydrophobic interaction for stabilization. Extended kinetic studies using laser initiated T-jumps and IR detected conformational changes have helped sort out mechanistic aspects of this folding problem (Hauser et al, JACS, 2008, 130, 2984-2992).
Cognitive, neurologic, and radiologic test data in a changing lesion pattern

Abstract A patient with presumed cerebral demyelinating disease was followed for three months with serial neuropsychological testing, CT scan, nucleide brain scan, and EEC The CT scan lesion picture shifted during this period, ranging from multiple lucencies and densities to essentially negative findings. Cognitive tasks, contained within a portable, alternate form battery, demonstrated functional change which preceded, accompanied, and expanded upon localized CT scan changes and neurologic deficit descriptions.
Sequential whole bladder photodynamic therapy (WBPT) in the management of recurrent superficial bladder cancer

Bladder cancer remains a serious public health problem in many parts of the world with an estimated 300,000 new cases a year. A majority (75%.90%) of these cancers are diagnosed pathologically as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), except in the regions of bilharzial disease which is often associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, in this presentation we will discuss primarily superficial TCC which constitutes 85°/o of newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases. Superficial bladder cancer includes papillary tumors involving only the mucosa (Ta) or submucosa (Ti) and flat carcinoma in suit (CIS).
Caregiving associated with selected cancer risk behaviors and screening utilization among women: cross-sectional results of the 2009 BRFSS

Informal caregiving is increasingly common as the U.S. population ages, and there is concern that caregivers are less likely than non-caregivers to practice health-promoting behaviors, including cancer screening. We examined caregiving effects on cancer risk behaviors and breast and cervical cancer screening in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Women age ≥41 with data on breast and cervical cancer screening were included (weighted frequency 3,478,000 women). Cancer screening was classified according to American Cancer Society guidelines. We evaluated the association of caregiving with cancer risk behaviors (obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and fruit/vegetable consumption) and cancer screening (mammography, clinical breast exam [CBE], and Pap test) using logistic regression overall and with stratification on age (<65, ≥65) or race (white, non-white). Caregivers had greater odds of being obese, physically active, and current smokers. Subgroup analyses revealed that caregiving was associated with obesity in younger women and whites, and with less obesity in older women. Also, caregiving was associated with smoking only among younger women and non-whites. Caregivers had greater odds of ever having had a mammogram or CBE, yet there was no association with mammogram, CBE, or Pap test within guidelines. Caregiving was associated with some health behaviors that increase cancer risk, yet not with cancer screening within guidelines. Effects of caregiving by age and race require confirmation by additional studies.
Cultural discovery in nursing practice with Vietnamese clients.

Cultural discovery in nursing practice with Vietnamese clients Background. Although there is a developing body of literature dealing with cultural care issues there is a continuing need for research based knowledge of how nurses work within a multicultural population in providing culturally competent care. Nurses’ experiences with Vietnamese clients can contribute to the knowledge of how to provide cultural care. Purpose. The purpose of this 1997 study was to investigate what North American nurses learned from their work with Vietnamese clients. Method. A grounded theory approach was employed. A purposive sample of 27 Registered Nurses, who work with Vietnamese clients in North America, in acute care, community, and clinic settings were interviewed using a semi-structured format. Following ethical approval, an explanation of the study, and data collection, data were analysed using dimensional analysis. Verifiability, adequacy of the findings, and empirical grounding of the theory was established through use of the constant comparative method as well as review of the research method and the study results by selected participants in the study and a nursing expert. Findings. The action process of cultural discovery was found as the most fruitful explanation of nurses’ experiences. Properties of cultural discovery were learning to see them, seeing a common humanity, and learning to see how they see health. The condition of cultural discovery was making a connection with the consequences of learning how to provide sensitive care and a changed nurse. Conclusions. Nurses can learn to become more culturally competent in their care for Vietnamese clients. Nurses learned to be more aware of the differences among people of different cultures as well as recognizing common elements among different groups. They learned to broaden and redevelop their concept of health and to respect the social adjustments that the Vietnamese were making.
Tonic and phasic alertness training: a novel treatment for executive control dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury

Many individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) suffer difficulty regulating fundamental aspects of attention (focus, sustained attention) and may also exhibit hypo- or hyper-states of alertness. Deficits in the state of attention may underlie or exacerbate higher order executive dysfunction. Recent studies indicate that computerized cognitive training targeting attentional control and alertness can ameliorate attention deficits evident in patients with TBI or acquired brain injury. The current study examined whether improvements in attentional state following training can also influence performance on higher-order executive function and mood in individuals with mild TBI (mTBI). The current study examined five patients with executive control deficits as a result of mTBI, with or without persistent anxiety. Three patients engaged in ~5 hours of an executive control training task targeting inhibitory control and sustained attention; two additional patients were re-tested following the same period of time...
Evidential diversity and premise probability in young children's inductive judgment

Abstract A familiar adage in the philosophy of science is that general hypotheses are better supported by varied evidence than by uniform evidence. Several studies suggest that young children do not respect this principle, and thus suffer from a defect in their inductive methodology. We argue that the diversity principle does not have the normative status that psychologists attribute to it, and should be replaced by a simple rule of probability. We then report experiments designed to detect conformity to the latter rule in children’s inductive judgment. The results suggest that young children in both the United States and Taiwan are sensitive to the constraints imposed by the rule on judgments of probability and evidential strength. We conclude with a suggested reinterpretation of the thesis that children’s inductive methodology qualifies them as “little scientists.”
A Note on the Relation Between Factor Analytic and Item Response Theory Models

The relations among several alternative parameterizations of the binary factor analysis model and the 2-parameter item response theory model are discussed. It is pointed out that different parameterizations of factor analysis model parameters can be transformed into item response model theory parameters, and general formulas are provided. Illustrative data analysis is provided to demonstrate the transformations.
Self-illuminating quantum dots light the way

A quantum dot decorated with luciferase molecules fluoresces without external illumination.
Quantitative two dimensional echocardiography during bicycle exercise in normal subjects

A quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic study was conducted in 10 normal subjects performing bicycle exercise in a supine position. Standardized two dimensional echocardiographic short axis and apical views of the left ventricle were analyzed to derive left ventricular sectional areas and length. Over a range of exercise heart rates from 108 to 152 beats/min, satisfactory two dimensional echocardiographic views and measurements were obtained for quantitative assessment of sectional and global left ventricular function. Variability of left ventricular short axis area measurements ranged from 2.9 to 8.3 percent. Left ventricular volume reconstruction employed a simplified formula (volume = 56area x length) X length) with a single papillary muscle level short axis area and left ventricular length. Changes in left ventricular function from rest to exercise quantitated by two dimensional echocardiography indicated a significant reduction in end-systolic volume (from 28.1 ± 5.6 to 20.8 ± 4.3 cc/m2, p < 0.001) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (from 63.4 ± 6.3 to 72.1 ± 5.7 percent, p < 0.001). The change in end-diastolic volume was not significant. It is concluded that standardized two dimensional echocardiographic study during supine bicycle exercise in normal subjects provides good reproducibility of measurements of sectional and global left ventricular function. Quantitative two dimensional echocardiographic exercise study of global as well as segmental left ventricular performance in patients may be feasible using standardized procedure and analysis.
Electrodeposition of Metals from Fused Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Electrolytic studies on fused mixtures of ethyl pyridinium bromide and metallic chlorides have shown that the following metals can be deposited on the cathode: Ag, Cu, Bi, Pb, Sn, Ni, Co, Cd, Fe, Zn, and Al. Tests involving metallic sulfates and nitrates, as well as mixtures employing fused benzyl pyridinium bromide, showed that these metals can be deposited except in cases where nonionic complex compounds are formed.In more extensive studies of the properties of aluminum chloride dissolved in fused ethyl pyridinium bromide it was found from melting‐point data that a compound having the composition is formed, and that a very low‐melting eutectic (−40°C) occurs at 67 mole per cent . Aluminum could be deposited from mixtures in the composition range 54–70 mole per cent . Smooth plating of aluminum on iron, steel, copper, bronze, brass, platinum, lead, and tin could be accomplished by using an aluminum anode. The best plates were obtained when the composition of the bath was in the immediate neighborhood of the eutectic composition and at a temperature of 125°C, using a current density of 0.5 amp/dm2. Similar results were obtained using and ethylene dipyridinium dibromide mixtures.The state of ionization of the compound in benzene solution was investigated by means of migration and conductivity experiments.
Half-filling SU(4) Kondo state in carbon nanotubes: Numerical results

Abstract Charge transport measurements in carbon nanotube quantum dots by P. Jarillo-Herrero et al. [Nature 434 (2005) 484] have detected a strongly enhanced Kondo temperature T K ≈ 8.0 K . This Kondo state was associated with the SU(4) symmetry of the Hamiltonian at quarter-filling for an orbitally double-degenerate single-occupied electronic shell, indicating the simultaneous Kondo screening of charge and spin. Pure SU(4) symmetry can only be achieved when the orbital quantum number is preserved upon tunneling. So-called channel mixing can destroy the SU(4) state, transforming it into an SU(2)-type Kondo state (the so-called two-level SU(2) state). In this work, numerical calculations of charge transport show in detail the transition between these two Kondo states. Our results indicate that the SU(4) state seems to be quite robust, surviving to considerable amount of channel mixing. Moreover, a curious behavior of the conductance is revealed close to the two level SU(2) state.
Student Perceptions of an Online Medical Dosimetry Program

Abstract The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse offers the first online medical dosimetry program in the nation. There is no data to research a program of this type. This research consisted of the evaluation of other distance education programs including health profession programs in addition to face-to-face medical dosimetry programs. There was a need to collect and analyze student perceptions of online learning in medical dosimetry. This research provided a guide for future implementation by other programs as well as validated the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse program. Methodology used consisted of an electronic survey sent to all previous and currently enrolled students in the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse medical dosimetry program. The survey was both quantitative and qualitative in demonstrating attitudinal perceptions of students in the program. Quantitative data was collected and analyzed using a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative data was gathered based on the open-ended responses and the identifying themes from the responses. The results demonstrated an overall satisfaction with this program, the instructor, and the online courses. Students felt a sense of belonging to the courses and the program. Considering that a majority of the students had never taken an online course previously, the students felt there were no technology issues. Future research should include an evaluation of board exam statistics for students enrolled in the online and face-to-face medical dosimetry programs.
Inaccurate representation of the ground surface beyond a texture boundary.

The sequential-surface-integration-process (SSIP) hypothesis was proposed to elucidate how the visual system constructs the ground-surface representation in the intermediate distance range (He et al, 2004 Perception33 789–806). According to the hypothesis, the SSIP constructs an accurate representation of the near ground surface by using reliable near depth cues. The near ground representation then serves as a template for integrating the adjacent surface patch by using the texture gradient information as the predominant depth cue. By sequentially integrating the surface patches from near to far, the visual system obtains the global ground representation. A critical prediction of the SSIP hypothesis is that, when an abrupt texture-gradient change exists between the near and far ground surfaces, the SSIP can no longer accurately represent the far surface. Consequently, the representation of the far surface will be slanted upward toward the frontoparallel plane (owing to the intrinsic bias of the visual sys...
Linear maps preserving reduced norms

Abstract If a linear map between central simple algebras preserves reduced norms, it is an isomorphism or antiisomorphism followed by multiplication by an element of reduced norm 1.
Effects of extreme heating on the elemental and isotopic compositions of an Upper Cretaceous coal

Abstract Intrusion of igneous sills into coal seams in the Maastrichtian Vermejo Formation of Colorado-New Mexico rapidly and severely altered the organic matter content of the coal. Organic carbon concentrations drop from 65% in coal samples distant from sills to between 5 and 38% in coal samples close to a sill. Changes in organic matter C/N ratios and δ 13 C values relative to distance from the sill indicate preferential losses of isotopically light forms of carbon from the coal. The relatively high TOC concentration, elevated C/N ratio and more negative δ 13 C value of coal closest to the sill suggest that rapid pyrolysis immobilized the thermal products as partially graphitized or mineral forms of carbon.
Ingoing Waves in Final State of Scattering Problems

The employment of the ingoing wave modification of plane waves in final states is justified by a general argument.
The coming crisis in dental malpractice insurance

When an insurance company finds that a particular form of coverage is unprofitable, some changes will be made. The insurance companies have three alternatives: to stop providing this form of coverage, to increase premiums, or to redefine the risk
Night-temperature effects on rate of apple fruit maturation and fruit quality

Abstract Potted ‘Red Chief’ apple trees were exposed to 26°C day and either 22°C (warm) or 11°C (cool) night temperatures during fruit development and maturation. The onset of fruit ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) production occurred at approximately the same time regardless of temperature. ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) levels in the fruits were not statistically different between temperature treatments during fruit maturation. Ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) activity was measured by applying saturating amounts of exogenous ACC to fruit tissue and measuring C 2 H 4 production. Cool-night fruit developed EFE activity earlier than warm-night fruit. Firmness and soluble solid content of the fruit were not statistically different between the temperature treatments. Although fruit maturity was unaffected by night temperature, fruit abscission occurred earlier in cool-night fruit. Warm-night fruit had less red skin color than cool-night fruit. Fruit diameter and length were not affected by night temperature.
Flexural piezoelectric transducers with frequency agility obtained via membrane loads

Broadband transducers find uses in many applications. One approach to increasing the bandwidth of a flexural transducer is to add damping to the device, usually decreasing its sensitivity in the process. An alternative approach, useful in some applications, involves active tuning of the natural frequency of a high-sensitivity narrowband device. In this research, membrane loads were used to alter the natural frequencies and electro-mechanical coupling coefficients of three-layer (trilaminar) piezoelectric ceramic transducers. A coupling coefficient is a measure of the effectiveness with which a piezoelectric material or device converts electrical energy to mechanical energy or vice versa. Applying in-plane loads increased the effectiveness of the transducers by increasing their operating frequency range, while maintaining high coupling coefficients. Two types of trilaminar flexural piezoceramic transducers were studied: beams and disks. The measured electrical impedance of individual devices was used to determine short- and open-circuit natural frequencies, and then coupling coefficients. In addition, finite element models were developed and used to predict the same quantities. Rotational springs were used in these models to account for non-ideal experimental boundary conditions, while reduction of the piezoelectric material coupling accounted for loss of performance due to stress depoling and aging. Good agreement between experimental data and theory was obtained. Significant changes in natural frequencies, as well as increases in coupling coefficients were obtained for both beam and disk transducers. Experiments with the trilaminar piezoceramic beams yielded a 36% change in frequency, with an accompanying 38% increase in coupling coefficient. Experiments with the disks yielded a change in frequency of 13%, and an increase in coupling coefficient of 15%. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using membrane loads to improve the frequency-agility of flexural piezoceramic transducers. Candidate applications include acoustic transducers and pneumatic valves.
The Potential Feasibility of Chlorinic Photosynthesis on Exoplanets

The modern search for life-bearing exoplanets emphasizes the potential detection of O(2) and O(3) absorption spectra in exoplanetary atmospheres as ideal signatures of biology. However, oxygenic photosynthesis may not arise ubiquitously in exoplanetary biospheres. Alternative evolutionary paths may yield planetary atmospheres tinted with the waste products of other dominant metabolisms, including potentially exotic biochemistries. This paper defines chlorinic photosynthesis (CPS) as biologically mediated photolytic oxidation of aqueous Cl(-) to form halocarbon or dihalogen products, coupled with CO(2) assimilation. This hypothetical metabolism appears to be feasible energetically, physically, and geochemically, and could potentially develop under conditions that approximate the terrestrial Archean. It is hypothesized that an exoplanetary biosphere in which chlorinic photosynthesis dominates primary production would tend to evolve a strongly oxidizing, halogen-enriched atmosphere over geologic time. It is recommended that astronomical observations of exoplanetary outgoing thermal emission spectra consider signs of halogenated chemical species as likely indicators of the presence of a chlorinic biosphere. Planets that favor the evolution of CPS would probably receive equivalent or greater surface UV flux than is produced by the Sun, which would promote stronger abiotic UV photolysis of aqueous halides than occurred during Earth's Archean era and impose stronger evolutionary selection pressures on endemic life to accommodate and utilize halogenated compounds. Ocean-bearing planets of stars with metallicities equivalent to, or greater than, the Sun should especially favor the evolution of chlorinic biospheres because of the higher relative seawater abundances of Cl, Br, and I such planets would tend to host. Directed searches for chlorinic biospheres should probably focus on G0-G2, F, and A spectral class stars that have bulk metallicities of +0.0 Dex or greater.
The relationship between electromyogram level and the Children's Personality Questionnaire as measures of tension in upper elementary gifted students

This study investigated the relationship between biofeedback and tension as measured by an EMG and a self-report inventory, the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ), in a sample of 37 intellectually gifted fourth- through seventh-graders. Results showed that indirect factors that measure tension on the CPQ were correlated significantly with biofeedback measures. Those subjects who became the most relaxed during the biofeedback training appeared the least tense on the CPQ. Contrary to these findings, the Relaxed-Tense factor of the CPQ was correlated significantly and negatively with biofeedback measures, which indicates that subjects may not have been aware of their own tense state and thus would benefit from biofeedback training.
Large Herd Management

Summary Although the trend toward larger dairies is an undeniable one, size in itself is not a solution to all of the problems of the dairy industry. Where area for expansion and quality cattle are available, increased size can result in increased efficiency in many cases. The much quoted statement: Get good before you get big (6) applies everywhere. There is no place in today's dairy picture for the inefficient dairy farm, whether it be large or small.
The solution of the nonlinear Poisson—Boltzmann equation for thin, spherical double layers

Abstract A solution to the nonlinear Poisson—Boltzmann equation has been obtained for the region exterior to a spherical, colloidal particle in a binary, symmetric electrolyte solution. Using the Debye length as the expansion parameter, uniformly valid asymptotic expansions for the potential and charge density distributions have been obtained. The results are valid for arbitrary values of the surface potential.
Multiple Layer Parallel Connected Air-Core Inductor Design

In power line carrier communications, large aircore inductors are used as "line-" or "wave-traps." The line-trap establishes an impedance mismatch to the carrier signal, while allowing 60 Hz power to pass. These inductors may consist of several coaxial windings of untransposed conductor, connected in parallel rather than in series to reduce shunt capacitance between layers. The design of these coils must focus on maximizing inductance, while minimizing losses due to large 60 Hz currents. In this report, the author employs a classical one-dimensional eddy current solution in rectangular coordinates to estimate the power dissipation in each layer of a coil. The dissipation within a given layer depends on the current distribution in the other layers, as well as its thickness. By choosing the thickness (radial build) of conductor correctly, the power dissipation within that layer can be minimized. To illustrate the use of the eddy current calculation, a design example is presented for a coil with two layers of windings, using appropriate approximations. It is found that tightly coupled coils exhibit greater relative inductance than weakly coupled coils. For coupling coefficients of 0.6 and 0.8, a maximum current rating increase of about 60 percent is obtained by adding a second (inner) layer. Finally, a general method for designing coils with an arbitrary number of layers is discussed.
Synthesis and analytical properties of an n-phenyl-hydroxamic acid resin

Abstract A procedure for attaching N-phenylhydroxamic acid groups to Amberlite XAD-4 is described. The extraction of 20 metal ions from 2 M hydrochloric acid by this resin is discussed. Conditions for the quantitative extraction and back-extraction of 9 ions are reported. The results are compared with work on solvent extraction with N-phenylbenzohydroxamic acid.
Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by thyronines and probucol.

Abstract Oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) results in increased macrophage uptake of LDL which may contribute to the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells in the early atherosclerotic lesion. In this study we show that thyroxine (T 4 ), its optical antipodes, certain desiodo analogs and probucol inhibited cupric sulfate-catalyzed oxidation of human LDL in a concentration-dependent manner as assessed by measuring the electrophoretic mobility, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and LDL degradation in mouse macrophages. In Cu 2+ -catalyzed LDL oxidation at 24 hr, the TBARS level was 80 nmol/mg LDL protein/24-hr incubation. The concentrations (μM) of each agent producing 50% inhibition in the formation of oxidized LDL ( ic 50 ) for TBARS, electrophoretic mobility and macrophage degradation, respectively, were 1.13, 1.27 and 1.30 for reversed triiodothyronine; 1.33, 1.80 and 1.27 for triiodothyronine; 1.33, 1.37 and 1.37 for racemic thyroxine, dl -T 4 ; 1.10, 1.40 and 1.50 for l -T 4 ; 1.13, 1.33 and 1.23 for d -T 4 ; and 1.47, 1.63 and 1.37 for probucol. No differences in inhibitory potency were observed when rT 3 , T 3 , the optical antipodes of T 4 and the hydrophobic antioxidant drug probucol were compared. In air-induced LDL oxidation, TBARS was 16.1 nmol/mg LDL ifprotein/6-hr incubation. The ic 50 , concentrations (μM) for TBARS and diene conjugation, respectively, were 0.187 and 0.336 for d -T 4 ; 0.205 and 0.243 for l -T 4 and 1.30 and 3.02 for probucol. With air-induced LDL oxidation conditions, the l -T 4 concentrations included the physiological range, and thyroid-binding globulin did not modify the inhibitory effect of the endogenous enantiomer, l -T 4 . Putative uptake of this stereoisomer into LDL inhibited oxidation of these lipoproteins. Since concentrations of these thyronines which blocked air-induced LDL oxidation were in the physiological range, we conclude that thyronines, like the pharmacological agent probucol, limit the oxidative modification of LDL and thus may serve as natural inhibitors of atherogenesis.
Management of postoperative pain and emesis

As more extensive and painful surgical procedures (e.g., laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laminectomy, knee and shoulder reconstruction, hysterectomy) are being performed on an outpatient basis, the availability of sophisticated postoperative analgesic regimens are necessary to optimize the benefits of day-case surgery for both the patient and the health care provider. However, outcome studies are needed to evaluate the effects of these newer therapeutic approaches with respect to postoperative side effects, cost and important recovery variables. Recent studies suggest that factors other than painper se must be controlled in order to reduce postoperative morbidity and facilitate the recovery process. Not surprisingly, the anaesthetic technique can influence the analgesic requirements and the likelihood of emesis in the early postoperative period. Although opioid analgesics will continue to play an important role, the adjunctive use of both local anaesthetic agents and NSAIDs will probably assume an even greater role in the future. Use of drug combinations (e.g., opioids with local anaesthetics, alpha2 agonists and/or NSAIDs) may provide for improved analgesia with fewer opioid-related side effects than narcotic analgesics alone. Finally, safer and simpler analgesic delivery systems are needed to improve our ability to provide cost-effective pain relief after day-case surgery in the future.