cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE AND EVOLUTIONARY STATE OF THE FU ORIONIS BINARY SYSTEM

In this paper, we present the results of our adaptive optics fed three-dimensional imaging spectroscopy study of the FU Orionis binary system. Although the 05 separation companion to FU Ori is ~4 mag fainter, we have easily spatially resolved it in the J, H, and K infrared bands and extract high signal-to-noise spectra of the two stellar components from 1.15 to 2.4 μm. We derive a spectral type of K5+2 – 1 for FU Ori S based on the stellar photospheric absorption features and find that it is an actively accreting young star ( (2-3) × 10–8 M ☉ yr–1) that is likely gravitationally bound to FU Ori. We have found that the continuum shape of FU Ori S is not well fit by our spectral modeling process, and this results in a large uncertainty in the line-of-sight extinction to the star. Yet, by placing FU Ori S on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and comparing its estimated location with evolutionary models, we find that it is best fit as a ~1.2 M ☉ star with a likely age of less than ~2 Myr. If we assume coevality of the stellar components, we have thus placed an estimated age on the FU Ori system. Moreover, assuming the canonical model for the nature of FU Ori in that its optical and infrared absorption features arise primarily from the inner circumstellar disk around a ~0.3 M ☉ star, we find that the fainter FU Ori S component is actually the more massive star in the system. Future monitoring of FU Ori S to investigate flux variability and orbital motion should further clarify the nature of this curious young binary.
Projection of limb venous afferents to the feline motor-sensory cortex

Previous studies have shown that the cerebral cortex has the capacity to exert a marked influence on the circulatory system. Recently low threshold femoral vein afferent fiber projections to the spinal cord were reported and were found to have powerful reflex connections to motor neurons. The venous afferents appeared to be attractive candidates to provide afferent input to the cortex by the activation of ascending sensory systems. Therefore the experiments described in this report were carried out to determine the existence and functional organization of venous afferent projections to the cerebral cortex in the cat. Femoral and brachial vein afferent fibers were excited in the vein wall by electrical stimulation. Cerebral cortical mapping of cortical evoked potentials revealed that femoral and brachial venous afferent fibers activate ascending sensory systems which activate cortical neurons. The primary projection focus of the hind limb venous afferents lay within the hindlimb 3a--4 gamma motor-sensory cortex on the medial postcruciate gyrus. The forelimb venous afferent primary projection focus lay within the forelimb 3a--4 gamma motor-sensory cortex on the lateral sigmoid gyrus. The venous afferent projection was proposed to be a component of a cortical control system which would facilitate optimal cardiovascular control.
Optically detected magnetic resonance studies of luminescence-quenching processes in π-conjugated materials and organic light-emitting devices

It is widely recognized that nonradiative quenching of excitons by other excitons and polarons become the dominant decay mechanism of these excitons at high excitation densities. These quenching processes cause the roll-off in the efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and prevent lasing at high injection current densities. This review presents the optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) evidence for these photoluminescence- and electroluminescence-quenching processes. And while it provides such evidence for quenching of singlet excitons by polarons and triplet excitons, it reveals the central role of the strongly spin-dependent annihilation of triplet excitons by polarons, since under normal excitation conditions the steady-state polaron and triplet exciton populations are 100–104 times the singlet exciton population. In addition, it also suggests that quenching of singlet excitons by bipolarons, likely stabilized by a counterpolaron or countercharge at specific sites, may also be a significant quenching mechanism that also affects the charge transport properties.
Efficient Internode Communications in Reconfigurable Binary Trees

This paper discusses efficient communication algorithms for multicomputer networks organized as reconfigurable binary trees.
Relative Importance of Prior Basal Cell Carcinomas, Continuing Sun Exposure, and Circulating T Lymphocytes on the Development of Basal Cell Carcinoma

This 36-month prospective study of a group of 61 people at high risk to develop multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC) examined the circulating lymphocyte subsets of the population, patterns of sun exposure, and the longitudinal development of basal cell carcinoma. Sun exposure status was highly correlated with immune status defined by the CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio. There were significantly more BCC at 18 and 36 months in the 35 patients with high sun exposure and low CD4/CD8 ratio than in the 20 patients with low sun exposure and high CD4/CD8 ratio. A multivariate analysis assessed the relative importance of prior basal cell carcinoma, sun exposure, and immune status on the development of the skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma developing in the previous 18 months and sun exposure during those 18 months were the first and second most important variables in determining development of basal cell carcinoma during the next 18 months. CD4/CD8 ratio had no additional predictive ability once prior skin cancers and sun exposure were accounted for. A low ratio of CD4/CD8 cells correlated with high sun exposure during the preceding 18 months.
Spectroscopic line fitting to DLTS data

Abstract DLTS spectra for the EL-2 center in n-GaAs having trap to dopant concentration ratios between 0.01 and 11.0, have been successfully fitted using a large signal model for the depletion charge. The model formally includes two independent trapping centers, thereby allowing analysis of some types of unresolved spectra. Data and calculations show the mean deviation between data and fit should be less than 0.5% for the result to be significant. Lines obtained in the presence of severe lateral inhomogeneity showed relatively small distortion even in the large signal case.
Pro-Osteogenic Phenotype of Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Is Associated With Higher Levels of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 and Enhanced Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Objectives Our aim was to determine whether aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) and pulmonary valve interstitial cells (PVICs) differ in expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4, response to TLR agonists, and osteogenic phenotypic changes. Background Calcific stenosis occurs frequently in aortic valves but rarely in pulmonary valves. Studies have implicated AVICs in the inflammation associated with calcification and progression to stenosis. We previously reported that human AVICs express functional TLR2 and TLR4 and that stimulation of these receptors induces pro-osteogenic factor expression. Methods Human aortic and pulmonary valve leaflets from the same heart were collected and interstitial cells isolated. Results Aortic valves express more TLR2 and TLR4, in both tissue and isolated interstitial cells, than pulmonary valves. After stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, AVICs express higher levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic mediators (bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]-2, runt-related transcription factor 2) and greater osteogenic phenotypic changes (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity, calcified nodule formation) than PVICs. Silencing TLR2 and TLR4 in AVICs reduced BMP-2 expression and ALP activity to PVIC levels. ALP activity in AVICs induced by TLR2 and TLR4 agonists was abolished by BMP antagonism with Noggin and mimicked by stimulation with recombinant BMP-2. AVICs isolated from stenotic valves had greater expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and a greater BMP-2 response than AVICs from normal valves. Conclusions Greater expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and greater pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists in AVICs than PVICs are associated with osteogenic phenotypic changes. These innate immune receptors may play a critical role in aortic valve calcification and stenosis.
Analytical Modeling and Evaluation of Microneedles Apparatus with Deformable Soft Tissues for Biomedical Applications

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical modeling of microneedle insertion force to evaluate different microneedle geometric designs. To analyze the microneedle insertion force, monotonous and heterogeneous tetrahedral models of soft tissue were developed. This paper introduces a two- stage analytical modeling technique by considering different geometric design parameters. The method divides microneedle insertion process into pre- puncture and post- puncture stages, and employs the concept of finite element analysis, fracture mechanics and distributed load. Different microneedle designs can be evaluated based on the geometric design parameters. Experiments were conducted with both the linear elastic and the nonlinear finite element models. The microneedle geometry that provides better tissue penetration and operation stability is selected and used for biomedical applications. The presented techniques can be used in the design and developemnt of microneedles for biomedical applications.
Toward Teaching a Liberating Sociological Practicality: Challenges for Teaching, Learning and Practice.

Though C. Wright Mills made a pivotal contribution to the discipline by raising sociologists' awareness of the ideological and bureaucratic content of sociological practicality, he may have placed unyielding limits on “the promise” he profoundly proclaimed in the “sociological imagination.” By defining types of practicality in such rigidly confining terms, as either “liberal” or “illiberal,” those wishing to practice sociology in broader and more expansive ways were left with few of the alternatives Mills himself wished to extol. Over the past generation, the field of applied sociology and teaching and learning sociological practice have struggled to develop in the discipline. This has posed huge challenges for teachers wishing to address the needs of students who have perennially been interested in finding practical possibilities for applying their sociology in jobs and careers. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) examine the concept of sociological practicality propounded by Mills; 2) critically assess ...
The Impact of Self-Presentations on Self-Beliefs: Effects of Social Identity and Self-Presentational Context

To examine the impact of self-presentations on private self-appraisals, subjects were induced to characterize themselves positively or negatively during a face-to-face interview, during a written interview, or on a private questionnaire. As hypothesized, subjects high in Social Identity (the tendency to root identity in social sources of experience) shifted their self-appraisals in the direction of their positive or negative role after a face-to-face interaction, but were less affected by role in their private self-characterizations. In contrast, subjects low in Social Identity were primarily affected by a private, positive self-characterization. The latter subjects were not indifferent to how they appeared to others, as indicated by their attempts to rationalize negative, face-to-face self-presentations; they simply did not define themselves in terms of their public appearance.
A blood-gas nomogram of the chick fetus: blood flow distribution between the chorioalllantois and fetus

Abstract This paper presents equations for quantifying the relationships between the O2 and CO2 concentrations and tensions in the blood of the 18-day chick fetus. A blood-gas nomogram showing these relationships is presented. Starting with the reported chorioallantoic artery and vein gas tensions and using the blood-gas equations, the range of embryonic arterial and venous gas tensions as well as the distribution of the cardiac output and the degree of mixing between the chorioallantoic and embryonic circulations are explored. Is is concluded that at least 65% of the blood in the chorioallantoic artery consists of blood of embryonic mixed venous composition. A model of the blood flow distribution is proposed in which chorioallantoic and embryonic flows are equal, with 70% of the blood returning from the tissues of the embryo going to the chorioallantoic and vice versa.
Work function and UPS study of Au and O on Re

Abstract The influences of O and Au on the electron energy distribution curves (EDC's) and work function on Re polycrystalline ribbons have been measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and contact potential difference (CPD). Surface coverages of both Au and O were found to increase the work function of the Re filament. The variation in work function initially increased with Au coverage and then saturated, as described by the Topping model, producing values for the dipole moment of (-7 ±- 1.9)x10 -31 C m and polarizability of 7 ±- 2.1 A 3 . The work function increased linearly with O coverage and could be fit by either the Nordheim or Topping equations producing a dipole moment of -10.7 x 10 -31 C m. The EDC's showed the filling of a state ∼6 eV below the Fermi level for both submomolayer Au and O coverages.
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography of the Tibia: Pediatric Reference Values

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has been used in a number of pediatric studies. Reference data for children are primarily limited to the radius. The purpose of this study was to establish normal reference ranges for pQCT measurements of the tibia for children. A cross-sectional sample of healthy, white, non-Hispanic children aged 5-18 years (n=416; 197 boys) was measured at the distal tibia metaphysis and diaphysis by pQCT to assess trabecular and cortical bone, respectively. Differences were determined between and within genders by height for bone geometry, density, and strength. Height-specific normal ranges were calculated, and gender-specific centile curves were generated. A positive, linear relationship was found between tibia cortical bone geometry and strength parameters and height (r2 >or=0.58, p<0.001), with mean values greater for boys than girls (p <or=0.05). Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density values were relatively stable, but greater in boys than girls independent of height or age (p <or=0.01). The reference data for pQCT analyses of the tibia provide additional information on bone size, geometry, and strength in children. pQCT technology provides an additional tool for the evaluation of bone health in young subjects.
The AMIE procedure: prospects for space weather specification and prediction

Abstract The Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure synthesizes diverse observations of high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamic phenomena into “snapshot” synoptic maps of conductances, electric fields, currents, and related parameters. It makes use of available statistical information concerning average patterns, standard deviations, and correlation distances of the various parameters. The algorithm incorporates a number of features that would facilitate operational use, including its automatic checking for outliers to help identify bad data, its ability to function even when data are sparse or missing, and its estimation of the uncertainties in its mapped outputs. At present, AMIE is a specification model rather than a forecast model, although its mathematical structure could allow inclusion of time as an additional dimension, which would permit temporal extrapolation. Nonetheless, a specification model of convection and particle precipitation can be used to help initialize forecast models of thermospheric winds and composition, ionospheric electron density, and inner-magnetospheric particle populations.
Cryoprecipitates in Treatment of Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency

A woman with massive uterine myomata and a life-long history of bleeding episodes due to congenital fibrinogen deficiency was prepared for hysterectomy with 24 units of cryoprecipitates containing approximately 3.0 g fibrinogen. This brought her plasma fibrinogen level into the normal range and she withstood the operative procedure without need of blood transfusion. On the second postoperative day 12 more units of cryoprecipitates were given after which convalescence was uncomplicated by blood loss. By the sixth day plasma fibrinogen had returned to preinfusion levels. Subsequently, this patient showed no clinical or laboratory evidence of transfusion hepatitis. Cryoprecipitates constitute an excellent substitute for commercial pooled fibrinogen in the treatment of fibrinogen deficiency, and may carry less risk of transfusion hepatitis.
A first-order error diffusion modulator for optical oversampled A/D conversion

Abstract A first-order error diffusion coding modulator using multiple quantum well modulators for use in an optical oversampled analog-to-digital converter is demonstrated for the first time. The modulator was operated at optical sampling rates up to 1 kHz and demonstrated performance metrics within 2% of those predicted by theory.
The global atmospheric electric circuit and its effects on cloud microphysics

This review is an overview of progress in understanding the theory and observation of the global atmospheric electric circuit, with the focus on its dc aspects, and its short and long term variability. The effects of the downward ionosphere-earth current density, Jz, on cloud microphysics, with its variability as an explanation for small observed changes in weather and climate, will also be reviewed. The global circuit shows responses to external as well as internal forcing. External forcing arises from changes in the distribution of conductivity due to changes in the cosmic ray flux and other energetic space particle fluxes, and at high magnetic latitudes from solar wind electric fields. Internal forcing arises from changes in the generators and changes in volcanic and anthropogenic aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere. All these result in spatial and temporal variation in Jz.Variations in Jz affect the production of space charge in layer clouds, with the charges being transferred to droplets and aerosol particles. New observations and new analyses are consistent with non-negligible effects of the charges on the microphysics of such clouds. Observed effects are small, but of high statistical significance for cloud cover and precipitation changes, with resulting atmospheric temperature, pressure and dynamics changes. These effects are detectable on the day-to-day timescale for repeated Jz changes of order 10%, and are thus second order electrical effects. The implicit first order effects have not, as yet, been incorporated into basic cloud and aerosol physics. Long term (multidecadal through millennial) global circuit changes, due to solar activity modulating the galactic cosmic ray flux, are an order of magnitude greater at high latitudes and in the stratosphere, as can be inferred from geological cosmogenic isotope records. Proxies for climate change in the same stratified depositories show strong correlations of climate with the inferred global circuit variations.The theory for electrical effects on scavenging of aerosols in clouds is reviewed, with several microphysical processes having consequences for contact ice nucleation; effects on droplet size distributions; precipitation and cloud lifetimes. There are several pathways for resulting macroscopic cloud changes that affect atmospheric circulation; including enhanced ice production and precipitation from clouds in cyclonic storms, with latent heat release affecting cyclone vorticity; and cloud cover changes in layer clouds that affect the atmospheric radiation balance. These macroscopic consequences of global circuit variability affecting aerosols–cloud interactions provide explanations for the many observations of short term and long term changes in clouds and climate that correlate with measured or inferred Jz and cosmic ray flux changes due to external or internal forcing, and lead to predictions of additional effects.
Development of a new poly(phenylquinoxaline) for adhesive and composite applications

Abstract An improved synthetic route to a previously prepared self-polymerizable poly(phenylquinoxaline) (PPQ) monomer mixture, i.e., 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline, was developed. The monomer mixture was then polymerized in stages in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone/toluene and in N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidinone at elevated temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate. Polymer samples were obtained that had intrinsic viscosities as high as 1.64 dl/g in m-cresol at 30.0±0.1°C and glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of 250–252°C. Thin films of the PPQ had a room temperature (RT) tensile strength of 114 MPa, a RT Young’s modulus of 3.7 GPa, and a RT elongation at break of 93%. The neat resin had a flexural modulus of 3.12 GPa, a fracture energy (G1c) of 2170 J/m2 and a titanium–titanium lap shear strength of 31.4 MPa at room temperature. The polymer melt underwent shear thinning at 320°C. The melt viscosity decreased from 105to 106 Pa s to less than 104 Pa s as the frequency was increased from 10−2 to 102 rad/s. Carbon-fiber(T650)®-reinforced composites of the PPQ were prepared and their mechanical properties determined.
P03-138 - Improving child and adolescent adherence to evidence-based mental health interventions

Introduction The exponential growth of evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions offers clinicians a growing number of empirically-supported psychosocial treatments for youth mental disorders. These interventions are likely to be ineffective with clients who drop out of treatment prematurely or who fail to adhere to the required intervention protocols. However, despite the critical role of client adherence, systematic evidence about strategies to support client adherence is lacking. Objectives The primary aim of this present study is to establish an empirical base for developing adjunctive adherence promoters to enhance client participation in psychosocial interventions. Methods Mental health child and adolescent intervention researchers who published RCT on three psychosocial interventions (CBT, IPT. Psycho-ed) were surveyed on type, use, and efficacy of intervention adherence promoters. Results Interventions included an average of 13.4 sessions (SD = 7.8) across 5 months. Most researchers reported using multiple adherence promoting interventions throughout their studies. On average, respondents reported using little more than one promoter per session and devoting approximately 12.4 minutes per session on all adherence promoters. Conclusions Results of this study will assist practitioners and researchers in improving adherence to psychiatric interventions for children and adolescents. Specifically, study results fill gaps in the literature on active efforts to sustain and increase client adherence to treatment for childhood and adolescent mental health disorders. Findings of this study support best practices for adherence promotion and open new avenues for research into the tailoring of adherence to EBP interventions for child and adolescent mental health problems.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 5-methyl-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine

The X-ray crystal structure of 5-methyl-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine, C13H12NAs, has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, a = 8.511(4), b = 5.690(1), c = 23.535(9) A, V = 1139.7(1.0)A3, and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement converged to R = 0.049 and Rw = 0.045. The central ring is in a boat conformation and the 5-methyl group is in the axial position with respect to the central ring. The folding angle between the planes of the two benzo rings is 154.1(4)°.
Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic effects of equi-osmolar doses mannitol and 23.4% saline in patients with edema following large ischemic stroke.

Cerebral edema after ischemic stroke is frequently treated with mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS); however, their relative cerebrovascular and metabolic effects are incompletely understood, and may operate independent of their ability to lower intracranial pressure. We compared the effects of 20% mannitol and 23.4% saline on cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), in nine ischemic stroke patients who deteriorated and had >2 mm midline shift on imaging. 15O-PET was performed before and 1 h after administration of randomly assigned equi-osmolar doses of mannitol (1.0 g/kg) or 23.4% saline (0.686 mL/kg). Baseline CBF values (ml/100g/min) in the infarct core, periinfarct region, remaining ipsilateral hemisphere, and contralateral hemisphere in the mannitol group were 5.0 ± 3.9, 25.6 ± 4.4, 35.6 ± 8.6, and 45.5 ± 2.2, respectively, and in the HS group were 8.3 ± 9.8, 35.3 ± 10.9, 38.2 ± 15.1, and 35.2 ± 12.4, respectively. There was a trend for CBF to rise in the contralateral hemisphere after mannitol from 45.5 ± 12.2 to 57.6 ± 21.7, P = 0.098, but not HS. CBV, OEF, and CMRO2 did not change after administration of either agent. Change in CBF in the contralateral hemisphere after osmotic therapy was strongly correlated with baseline blood pressure (R 2= 0.879, P = 0.002). We conclude that at higher perfusion pressures, osmotic agents may raise CBF in non-ischemic tissue. We conclude that at higher perfusion pressures, osmotic agents may raise CBF in non-ischemic tissue.
Thermo-mechanical analysis of concrete in LMFBR programs

Abstract The R&D program described in this paper represents the structural mechanics effort underway and planned at ANL as an attempt to better understand the behavior of concrete structures in LMFBR plants where such structures are subjected to high temperature levels. This paper describes the analytical tools formulated and incorporated into the thermo-mechanical computer code called TEMP-STRESS. Emphasis in this paper is placed on describing the short-time and long-time constitutive formulation for concrete. The primary constitutive relation uses an elasto-plastic technique to simulate concrete nonlinearities, utilizes the von Mises ellipsoid as the loading surface, and assumes a four-parameter failure surface. Post-failure treatment is different when considering surface elements as opposed to internal elements. Creep of the concrete at temperatures up to about 400°C is approximated by a rate-type creep law using Maxwell chain technique. The creep model accounts for moisture and pore pressure disposition of the concrete.
Dispersion-corrected Rung 3.5 density functionals

This work extends our Rung 3.5 exchange-correlation density functionals by incorporating empirical internuclear “-D” dispersion corrections. The resulting PBE+ $$\Uppi$$ (s)-D and $$\Uppi$$ 1PBE-D functionals are tested for a broad range of noncovalent interactions. The functionals provide reasonable accuracy approaching existing dispersion-corrected semilocal and hybrid functionals. Application to a molecule-surface reaction illustrates these methods’ potential.
Ion energy containment in uncompressed discharges in the ATC Tokamak

A neo-classical model for ion energy containment in a Tokamak plasma is used to calculate the radial profile of the ion temperature. The ions are assumed to be heated by electron collisions, with supplementary heating by an injected neutral beam, and to lose energy by thermal conduction, particle diffusion and charge-exchange. The calculations are compared with experimental ion temperature data for the ATC Tokamak. The temperature increase which results from supplementary neutral injection heating is calculated and compared with experiment.
Improving energies by using exact electron densities

The exact electronic ground-state density and external potential are used to improve the accuracy of approximate density functionals. Our approach combines the advantages that the exact exchange-correlation energy functional is more local for full-coupling strength than for the coupling-constant average, and that knowledge of the exact virial can be used to reduce the exchange energy error by a factor of 2.
Cerebrovascular permeability to 86Rb in the rat after exposure to pulsed microwaves

Microwaves (pulsed, 2,450 MHz) at an average power density of 3 W/cm2 were applied directly to the head for 5, 10, or 20 min, producing a peak specific absorption rate of 240 W/kg in the brain, which, after a 10-min exposure, resulted in brain temperatures in excess of 43 degrees C. A bolus of 86Rb in isotonic saline was injected intravenously and an arterial sample was collected for 20 s to determine cardiac output. Compared with unexposed controls, uptake of 86Rb increased most in those regions directly in the path of the irradiation, namely, the occipital and parietal cortex, as well as the dorsal hippocampus, midbrain, and basal ganglia. In a separate group of animals, regional brain-vascular spaces were found to increase with brain temperature. These results support previous observations indicating that reliably demonstrable increases of blood-brain barrier permeability are associated with intense, microwave-induced hyperthermia, and that the observed changes are not due to field-specific interaction.
Investigations on the mechanism of the brassinosteroid response. VI: Effect of brassinolide on gravitropism of bean hypocotyls

Brassinosteroids are steroidal lactones of plant origin that promote growth of a number of plant systems, and particularly the growth induced by auxins. Biologically active brassinosteroids (BR) also promote the growth of gravisensitive hypocotyls of 7-day-old light grown Phaseolus vulgaris when gravistimulated. Brassinolide-mediated promotion of curvature of gravistimulated internodes occurs in the absence of exogenously supplied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This is in contrast to the BR-promoted bending of vertically positioned bean hypocotyls, which is dependent upon exogenous IAA. Brassinosteroid treatment increased the graviperception of young internode tissues and the bending of the gravistimulated sections as well as the subsequent reversal of bending after the sections were placed vertically. These results indicate that BR sensitizes bean hypocotyls to gravistimulation and potentiates the action of a growth factor that induces gravitropic growth.
Isoelectric Focusing in Agarose Gel for Detection and Identification of Hemoglobin Variants

The use of isoelectric focusing in agarose gel was examined to test its usefulness for screening of cord blood hemoglobins and for the identification of hemoglobin variants in general. Advantages of agarose include: short running times, ease of preparation, and nontoxicity. in cord blood samples identification of Hb S, Hb C, and Hb Bart's was achieved. Separation of 16 hemoglobin variants, including six of clinical and geographical importance, was shown.
From Marx's politics to Rorty's poetics: Shifts in the critique of metaphysics

Sur la critique de la metaphysique de R.Rorty, son interpretation de Marx et les differents niveaux de la critique marxiste.
High strain rate fracture and C-chain unraveling in carbon nanotubes

Abstract Nanotube behavior at high rate tensile strain (~ 1 MHz) is studied by molecular dynamics using a realistic many-body interatomic potential. The simulatins performed for single- and double-walled nanotubes of different helicities, and at different temperatures, show that nanotubes have an extremely large breaking strain. It decreases somewhat with increasing temperature and smaller strain rate, while the influence of helicity is very weak. At later stages of fracture, the nanotube fragments are connected by a set of unraveling monoatomic chains. The chains ‘compete’ with each other for carbon atoms popping out of the original tube segments. The interaction between chains eventually leads to a single chain, which grows up to hundreds of atoms in length before its breakage.
The immunologic response to injury.

Research on the immune consequences of shock and trauma by multiple laboratories over more than 20 years has resulted in the following paradigm, which is currently accepted by most investigators in this field: serious traumatic or thermal injury is quickly followed, after initial resuscitation, by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) which, in a sizeable minority of patients, will lead inexorably to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (early MODS), with an attendant high mortality. The majority of seriously injured patients survive the initial SIRS response without developing early MODS, and after a period of relative clinical stability, manifest a compensatory antiinflammatory response syndrome (CARS) with suppressed immunity and diminished resistance to infection. Resultant infection and its attendant inflammation in turn can lead to multiple organ dysfunction (late MODS) and death (Fig. 1). This paradigm has several implications of potential importance in interpreting the sometimes conflicting results of research in this area:
Characterization of cytochrome P450-mediated bensulfuron-methyl O-demethylation in rice

Abstract The cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) was investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Lemont) seedlings. Shoots and roots of rice seedlings were harvested at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following treatment with 1 μM [14C]BSM. BSM and its metabolites were extracted from plant tissues with aqueous methanol, purified by TLC, and identified by HPLC and mass spectrometry procedures using authentic metabolite standards. The major BSM metabolites identified in rice roots were: methyl-a-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl-o-toluate (M1, 4-hydroxy BSM)); methyl-(a-aminosulfonyl)-o-toluate (M2); and N-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2yl urea (M4). Crude microsomal preparations from roots of 5-day etiolated rice seedlings were treated with digitonin and purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using Superose 12 HR gel column, phenyl superose HR5/5 column, Mono Q anion column, and Mono P chromatofocusing column. SDS–PAGE analysis showed that the purified rice P450 migrated to a single protein band with a molecular mass of about 60 kDa. P450 activity was determined using BSM as substrate and 4-hydroxy-BSM as a product. The optimum pH of the rice P450 catalyzing the O-demethylation of BSM was 7.2. P450 activity was inhibited in vivo and in vitro by known P450 inhibitors such as ABT, PBO, and TET and cytochrome c. Ethanol, the safeners NA and dymuron, and BSM induced the in vivo activity of the rice P450. The results of this study demonstrate that a P450-mediated O-demethylation of BSM plays an important role in the metabolism of BSM by rice seedlings.
Parental judgments of behavior therapy efficacy with autistic children: A social validation

As a complement to objective measures of treatment effectiveness, behavioral researchers have utilized social validation procedures to gather information from significant others regarding the social importance of behavior changes. The present study represents an attempt to socially validate the efficacy of behavior therapy with autistic children. Thirty-four parents of autistic children and 18 parents of normal children judged (via questionnaire) the behavior of four autistic children before and after behavior therapy. The results indicated that (1) parents socially validated the effects of behavior therapy in that they judged the children as significantly improved after treatment, and (2) the effects of treatment were also socially validated by the parents' indication that they were more willing to interact with the children after treatment than before treatment.
Globopilumnus Xantusii (Stimpson), N. Comb., a Stridulating Crab From the West Coast of Tropical America, With Remarks On Discontinuous Distribution of Some West American and West African Genera of Brachyrhynchous Crabs 1)

Il est demontre que le crabe ouest-americain Pilummus xantusii Stimpson, 1860, transfere ici au genre Globopilumnus Balss, 1933, possede un appareil stridulant semblable a celui de l'espece ouest-africaine G. stridulans Monod, 1956. Puisqu'il n'y a aucun representant du genre dans l'Atlantique occidental, G. stridulans se montre en outre etre l'espece la plus voisine de G. xantusii. Il est demontre qu'une telle distribution discontinue est attribuable aux situations ecologiques comparables qui existent sur les cotes occidentales de l'Amerique et de l'Afrique. Il est admis que Globopilumnus et des autres genres coralligenes existaient autrefois dans la region caraibe, mais qu'ils ont disparus avec l'extinction d'une partie de la faune coralligene des Antilles apres l'emersion de l'Isthme de Panama pendant le Miocene superieur.
Inter-male spacing in choruses of the spring peeper, Pseudacris (Hyla) crucifer

Field measurements and playback experiments designed to assess mechanisms of spacing between calling males of the spring peeper were conducted in central Missouri. In 10 choruses of typical density, mean inter-male distances ranged from 21 to 124 cm and usually varied more than the sound pressure level (SPL in decibels (dB) re 2×10−5Pa) of nearest neighbours' calls (overall range: 88–106 dB SPL; range at mean inter-male distance: 92–98 dB SPL). In playback experiments, conducted in choruses of unusually low density, the lowest sound pressure levels at which males vocally responded to a synthetic advertisement call of 2875 Hz ranged from 48 to 71 dB SPL; the median of 63 dB SPL is a conservative estimate of the effective threshold for antiphonal calling. The sound pressure levels of the calls of each frog's nearest neighbour ranged from 0 to 36 dB SPL (median 11 dB SPL) above its estimated threshold. These values are conservative because background noise precluded testing one-fourth of the forgs at sound pressure levels below 64 dB SPL. Thus, over a wide range of chorus densities, males of the spring peeper usually spaced themselves at places where the call amplitude of their nearest neighbour was well above their auditory threshold.
Cystic anomalies of biliary tree in the fetus : is it possible to make a more specific prenatal diagnosis

Abstract Background/Purpose: Biliary tree cystic malformations (BCM) occur rarely. Current progress in ultrasonography makes it possible to identify them prenatally. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively prenatal ultrasound patterns of 5 consecutive subhepatic cysts in an effort to differentiate the BCM before birth and onset of symptoms. Methods: The prenatal ultrasound patterns of 5 consecutive BCM were correlated with the postnatal diagnosis. Results: Case 1 showed a hyperechogenic cyst that underwent enlargement during fetal life; the diagnosis at birth was an obstructed choledochal cyst (CC). In cases 2 and 3, an anechoic cyst with small, stable dimensions during pregnancy was identified; a biliary atresia (BA) type III-C was confirmed at birth. A slightly hyperechogenic cyst with no increase in size at repeated prenatal scans, was observed in cases 4 and 5; a CC and a cystic lesion at the confluence of the hepatic ducts (without obstruction) were diagnosed postnatally, respectively. Conclusions: The ultrasound scan pattern and size allow to make a prenatal differential diagnosis of BCM. Anechoic, small cyst in the hepatic hilum is highly suspicious for BA. Large, echoic or enlarging cyst is strongly suggestive of "obstructed" CC. Echoic, small and stable cyst is more suggestive of "unobstructed" CC. J Pediatr Surg 37:1191-1194. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Complex Permittivity of Planar Building Materials Measured With an Ultra-Wideband Free-Field Antenna Measurement System

Building materials are often incorporated into complex, multilayer macrostructures that are simply not amenable to measurements using coax or waveguide sample holders. In response to this, we developed an ultra-wideband (UWB) free-field measurement system. This measurement system uses a ground-plane-based system and two TEM half-horn antennas to transmit and receive the RF signal. The material samples are placed between the antennas, and reflection and transmission measurements made. Digital signal processing techniques are then applied to minimize environmental and systematic effects. The processed data are compared to a plane-wave model to extract the material properties with optimization software based on genetic algorithms.
VORTICES IN HE-II, CURRENT ALGEBRAS AND QUANTUM KNOTS

Abstract A canonical quantization scheme is developed for vertices in superfluid He II, using Dirac's technique for constrained hamiltonian systems. Quantization introduces in the theory in natural way the structure of the infinite Lie algebra of incompressible flows. We argue that all the topological invariants of the vortex, considered as a knot, can be regarded as observables of the system. Finally unitary representations of measure preserving flows on R 3 and current algebra are discussed.
On solution of multicoupled models

Abstract This paper presents a structure-preserving solution approach to large-scale linear programming problems which exhibit a nested (multicoupled) angular coefficient structure. The proposed method may be viewed as a recursive application of the Gass dualplex method designed for dual angular models, whereby the required subproblems are coordinated together by a presented dual pricing relationship. The use of the proposed multicoupled algorithm allows solution of the problem without any matrix density increases outside the original angular blocks and also permits multiple pivot operations to take place unlike the normal simplex approach. A detailed example is also discussed.
Micronized drug adhesion and detachment from surfaces: Effect of loading conditions

Drug loading and processing conditions in a dry powder inhaler system are critical for performance of the system since it is these forces that must be overcome to properly redisperse respirable particles. In this work, we have investigated the effects of different loading forces for adhering micronized drug onto surfaces on the drug adhesion, detachment, and aerosol performance under controlled conditions. Drug loading onto a standardized surface was performed under three different loading conditions using turbula-mixer to actively induce powder–surface interactions. It was seen the drug loading increased with increased processing time. The presence of external press-on force also increased drug loading. Drug detachment studies performed using centrifugation method indicated that adhesion forces were the lowest at lower mixing time and increased with increasing press-on forces. Drug aerosolization performance from the surface was assessed using a prototype DPI and confirmed that external forces during dru...
Inhibition of iodoamino acid synthesis in isolated thyroid epithelial cells by high concentrations of inorganic iodide.

The effect of various concentrations of 127I- on iodoamino acid synthesis by isolated bovine thyroid follicular cells (ITC) and slices from the same thyroid gland were compared during a 3-hr incubation with 131I. Higher concentrations of medium 127I- were required to inhibit iodoamino acid synthesis in ITC than in slices but, when the concentration of 127I-/U of tissue was calculated, 127I- exerted equivalent inhibition in both ITC and slices. Increasing the concentration of medium 127I- to ≥3μg/ml increased the DIT/MIT ratio in ITC but not in slices. High concentrations of 127I- depressed DIT and MIT synthesis in both. No organically bound 131I was detected in the slices when a medium 127I- concentration of ≥300 μg/ml w a s employed or in the ITC with a medium 127I- concentration of 500 μg/ml. It is concluded that intact thyroid follicles containing colloid are not essential for high concentrations of iodide to inhibit organic iodination and that this inhibition is probably exerted directly at the level ...
Impact of situational threat on the behavioral activation system

Abstract Previous research has indicated that individuals respond differently to difficult tasks, depending on whether the situational factors surrounding the task make the individual perceive it as a challenge or a threat. Distinct response patterns between these two stress responses have been identified and vary based on an individual’s personality traits. In keeping with this research, the current study examined how performance pressure-induced threat impacts the relationship between trait approach motivation and prefrontal cortex activation utilizing a simple line bisection task. Participants completed line bisection tasks before and after performing a difficult motor skill task under pressure intended to provoke a threat-based response. As expected, individuals with high levels of trait approach motivation showed a rightward line bisection bias at pretest absent in participants with low levels of trait approach motivation. However, in contrast to previous studies utilizing more challenge-based tasks that report consistent rightward line bisection bias in high approach motivation populations, the current study identified a shift towards a leftward line bisection bias after the study task. The results suggest that the inability to succeed under pressure caused high trait approach participants to temporarily lose their approach orientation due to threat response.
Advanced sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes by nonlinear density-gradient ultracentrifugation

Existing methods for growing single-walled carbon nanotubes produce samples with a range of structures and electronic properties, but many potential applications require pure nanotube samples. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation has recently emerged as a technique for sorting as-grown mixtures of single-walled nanotubes into their distinct (n,m) structural forms, but to date this approach has been limited to samples containing only a small number of nanotube structures, and has often required repeated density-gradient ultracentrifugation processing. Here, we report that the use of tailored nonlinear density gradients can significantly improve density-gradient ultracentrifugation separations. We show that highly polydisperse samples of single-walled nanotubes grown by the HiPco method are readily sorted in a single step to give fractions enriched in any of ten different (n,m) species. Furthermore, minor variants of the method allow separation of the mirror-image isomers (enantiomers) of seven (n,m) species. Optimization of this approach was aided by the development of instrumentation that spectroscopically maps nanotube contents inside undisturbed centrifuge tubes.
Initiator sequences direct downstream promoter binding by human transcription factor IID.

Abstract Whereas the human transcription factor IID generally interacts with only the TATA box element on most class II gene promoters, on certain promoters (e.g., the adenovirus 2 major late promoter) TFIID protects DNA sequences up to +35 base pairs downstream of the start site of transcription from DNase I cleavage. In this study, we show that Ad2 MLP sequences from −3 to +5 were sufficient to direct downstream promoter binding by TFIID when introduced into the human hsp70 gene promoter. These sequences correspond to the initiator transcription control element. Initiator mutations resulting in a loss of downstream binding demonstrated a diminished transcription efficiency in vitro. Likewise, initiator-dependent transcription stimulation required TFIID fractions capable of downstream promoter binding. Given the recent findings that immunopurified, human TFIID exhibited downstream promoter binding on the Ad2 MLP (Zhou, Q., Lieberman, P.M., Boyer, T.G. and Berk, A.J. (1992) Genes Dev. 6, 1964–1974), our data suggest that human TFIID can recognize the initiator element and that this interaction is required for maximally efficient transcription initiation.