cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined moderate dose electron beam radiotherapy and topical chemotherapy for cutaneous t-cell lymphoma

Abstract Between October, 1978 and June, 1979, nine patients with biopsy-proven cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma were treated with combined total-skin electron beam radiation (TSEB) and topical chemotherapy. TSEB was administered using 3.8 MeV electron and dual exposure technique. All patients received skin dose of 400 rad once weekly to a total dose of 2000 to 2400 rad followed by topical chemotherapy with mechlorethamine hydrochloride (HN2) ∗ two to four weeks after completion of radiation. A complete response followed TSEB in seven of nine patients, but a relapse of disease activity has subsequently occurred within the first year for all the patients despite adjunct therapy, except for one patient who remains disease free for more than 21 months. Generalized severe erythema developed during or shortly after completion of radiation in six of nine patients, with blistering at the overlapping treatment fields and body folds in four patients. In addition four patients developed diffuse permanent telangiectasia of skin and one patient developed linear sclerosis, telangiectasis and painful ischemic ulceration on the fingertips two years after completion of electron beam therapy. Most patients had evidence of mild depression of lymphocyte responsiveness to Phytohemagglutinin after TSEB. Our conclusion is that the short-term benefits and convenience of this particular technique do not justify the acute and chronic toxicity encountered.
Ileal Ganglioneuromatosis with Adenocarcinoma in a Patient with Multiple Neurofibromatosis

Von Recklinghausen’s disease or type 1 neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by mucocutaneous neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots and involves many organs including gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal involvement in neurofibromatosis is uncommon and is seen 25% patients and nearly 5% of them are only symptomatic (Shekitka and Sobin, Am J Surg Pathol 18:250–257, 1994; Tomita et al., Int J Colorectal Dis 21: 89–91, 2006).
Vibrating reed study of the flux line dynamics of κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br

Vibrating reed measurements were performed on single-crystal samples ofκ-(ET)2- Cu[N(CN)2]Br in an applied magnetic fieldH oriented either parallel (“longitudinal”) or perpendicular (“transverse”) to the highly conducting ac-plane. Field-cooling data taken for the longitudinal orientation andH<0.7 T revealed a peak with a low-temperature shoulder in the reed dissipation 1/Q located at temperatureT Q below the superconducting transition temperatureT c (≈11.6 forH=0). The shoulder disappeared nearH≈0.7 T, accompanied by an abrupt change in the slope ofT Q (H), corresponding to a similar change in the slope of the upper critical magnetic fieldH c2 measured by Kwoket al. The existence of the shoulder in the dissipation peak bears on a number of current explanations for the exotic superconducting properties ofκ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br.T Q data taken for the transverse orientation fell far below estimates ofH c2., indicating the existence of a substantial region of flux line (FL) mobility belowH c2(T). The location of a peak in NMR relaxation observed by De Sotoet al. lies close toT Q for the transverse orientation.
Long-term performance of liquid crystal optics on large fusion lasers

Liquid crystal polarizers and waveplates are an enabling technology for large fusion lasers. While damage and replacement rates of liquid crystal optics remain remarkably low, degradation in polarizer performance has been noted and studied.
Lipids alter the level and distribution of mouse mammary tumor virus gp52 in vitro

Linoleic acid, cholesterol, dexamethasone and progesterone were tested by immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation for their single and combined effects in vitro on mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) gp52 distribution among three compartments: cell-associated antigen, extracellular virus particles and extracellular shed antigen unassociated with virus particles. Results indicated that all additives significantly increased total MMTV gp52 levels and altered the distribution. Linoleic acid and dexamethasone induced the greatest relative proportion of extracellular gp52, whereas cholesterol and progesterone induced the greatest proportion of cell-associated gp52. The implications of these findings for the immune response to mammary tumors is discussed.
Introduction: Francophone and Lusophone Literatures in Africa

Introduction to the special issue This introductory material is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol4/iss2/2
On the intersection rank of a graph

Abstract This paper studies the dimension of the intersection between the cycle and coboundary groups of a simple graph. Basic equations are derived, which are then refined for bipartite graphs. These are then employed in studying graphs arising from t-designs and circulant matrices.
BET bromodomain-targeting compounds reactivate HIV from latency via a Tat-independent mechanism

The therapeutic potential of pharmacologic inhibition of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins has recently emerged in hematological malignancies and chronic inflammation. We find that BET inhibitor compounds (JQ1, I-Bet, I-Bet151 and MS417) reactivate HIV from latency. This is evident in polyclonal Jurkat cell populations containing latent infectious HIV, as well as in a primary T-cell model of HIV latency. Importantly, we show that this activation is dependent on the positive transcription elongation factor p-TEFb but independent from the viral Tat protein, arguing against the possibility that removal of the BET protein BRD4, which functions as a cellular competitor for Tat, serves as a primary mechanism for BET inhibitor action. Instead, we find that the related BET protein, BRD2, enforces HIV latency in the absence of Tat, pointing to a new target for BET inhibitor treatment in HIV infection. In shRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, knockdown of BRD2 activates HIV transcription to the same exte...
An Analytical and Experimental Study of the Dynamic Behavior of a Quick-Acting Hydraulic Fuse

The fuse has a very short response time and is designed to respond to pressure and flow transients that immediately follow a line rupture. In view of the short response time, a proper dynamic analysis of the entire hydraulic circuit is necessary, in addition to analysis of the fuse behavior. Dynamic models of the fuse and other hydraulic circuit elements used in the experimental setup are presented. The experiments consist of simulating line leaks and measuring fuse response, under a variety of operating conditions. Experimental and analytical results are in very good agreement if the leak transients are properly characterized
Introduction: Special issue on education

This issue brings together a number of papers on education. The paper by Mechtenberg and Strausz and the paper by Walckiers were originally presented at the Conference on Higher Education, Multijurisdictionality and Globalisation, held at the Catholic University of Mons, Belgium, in December 2005. All five papers have gone through the journal’s normal review process. The paper by Mechtenberg and Strausz investigates the Bologna Process, which is intended to harmonize the European university system. The resulting increase in student mobility has been viewed as desirable. It helps students develop multi-cultural skills, and it brings about greater competition among countries for more able students, leading to increases in the quality of education. This competition effect may be thwarted, however, by the free-rider problem associated with educating foreign students. In such cases, the optimal degree of mobility depends on a tradeoff between the greater multi-cultural skills associated with greater mobility and the expense of lower investments in higher education. The next two papers investigate the education policies for a single government when migration is not an issue. In particular, they ask whether education should be taxed or subsidized. Maldonado extends the Mirrlees model of optimal nonlinear taxation by allowing individuals to not only choose their labor supplies, but also to raise their wages by undertaking educational expenditures. Assuming two types of individuals, lowand high-ability, he proves that low-ability individuals should face a marginal subsidy on education when the education elasticity of the wage decreases with ability. But if this elasticity increases with ability, education should be taxed
A method for the purification of Shiga-like toxin 1 subunit B using a commercially available galabiose-agarose resin.

Abstract We describe a procedure for the affinity purification of Shiga toxin 1 subunit B (SLTB) using a commercial galabiose–agarose resin. Recombinant SLTB was purified to 99% homogeneity in a single-step protocol, from the periplasmic extracts of Vibrio cholerae 0395 N1/pSBC54. SDS–PAGE of the affinity purified SLTB showed one band of 8 kDa MW. SLTB purified by this procedure retained its chemical and biological activity as demonstrated by re-binding to the galabiose–agarose resin, and receptor-mediated binding and uptake in Vero cells. The galabiose–agarose resin could isolate roughly 1 mg of SLTB/mL of gel. The resin was stable over 3 years and 500 cycles/year of usage. Hence, this method is a straightforward approach to the large-scale preparation of SLTB at a reasonable cost.
Development of Chronic Low Plasma Volumes in Long-Term Adrenalectomized Dogs.

SummaryAdrenalectomized dogs maintained on mineralocorticoids and salt, for long periods and used frequently for studies of insufficiency and effect of stress upon the circulation, eventually develop chronic low plasma volumes as depressed as those encountered in insufficiency, despite continuation of therapy. The low volume may persist for weeks, months, or until it is raised to normal by glucocorticoids. These animals exhibit normal activity and vigor with blood pressure, blood and plasma constituents little changed from those of normovolemic dogs. The chronic low plasma volume is assumed to be due in part to a generalized, gradual increase in vasoconstrictive activity, thereby reducing free blood flow at the vascular periphery and possibly also to loss of vasodilating reactivity of the peripheral vasculature per se owing to lack of glucocorticoids. These steroids appear active in opening up peripheral vascular channels and are necessary for reestablishing a normal volume of actively circulating fluid.
Clinical Effects of Intravenously Administered Dantrolene

Objective To compare side effects after intravenous administration of dantrolene sodium in subjects susceptible to and those nonsusceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MHS and MHN, respectively). Design We studied two groups, six patients thought to be MHS and six assumed MHN subjects, and analyzed their responses to intravenously administered dantrolene. Material and Methods Dantrolene (3 mg/kg) was administered slowly into an antecubital vein, and blood samples were withdrawn from the other arm at 5 and 25 minutes after infusion. Shortly thereafter, all subjects underwent a clinical neurologic assessment, and side effects were graded subjectively by the study participants. RESULTS Side effects occurred in all subjects. Visual symptoms occurred more commonly in MHN than in MHS subjects. Subjective muscle weakness of the extremities, dizziness, and fatigue occurred more commonly and were more severe in MUS patients than in MHN subjects. Conclusion In patients recovering from an episode of malignant hyperthermia for which dantrolene has been administered, these side effects should be considered. Although the presence of side effects does not outweigh the usefulness of this drug in treating malignant hyperthermia, it may be a consideration in deciding whether to administer dantrolene prophylactically before surgical procedures in known or suspected MHS patients.
DCS Measurement Can Be Gated Via Monitoring Muscle Movement to Derive Accurate Blood Flow in Exercising Muscle

We demonstrate that the diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurement can be gated via monitoring muscle movement by a dynamometer to continuously derive accurate blood flow information in exercising skeletal muscle.
Umbilical vascular catheters: Localization by two-dimensional echocardio/aortography

Umbilical vascular catheters are often necessary in the care of critically ill neonates. Position of the catheter tip is usually determined by roentgenography. Location of the umbilical arterial or venous catheter was determined by 2-dimensional echocardio/aortography in 55 consecutive infants and was compared to localization by thoraco-abdominal roentgenography. Most of the infants (76%) had respiratory distress syndrome or congenital heart disease.
The Occupational Conditioning of Prefer Ential Auditory Tempo: A Contribution toward an Empirical Theory of Aesthetics

(1940). The Occupational Conditioning of Prefer Ential Auditory Tempo: A Contribution toward an Empirical Theory of Aesthetics. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 121-129.
Changes in endocrine function after adrenal medullary transplantation to the central nervous system.

Ten patients were studied before and after autologous adrenal medullary transplantation to the central nervous system for Parkinson's disease to determine if the presence of new catecholamine-producing tissue near the hypothalamus would alter hypothalamic or pituitary function, mineralocorticoid levels, or catecholamine production. No clinically apparent ill effects occurred. Changes in endocrine function were largely short-term and transient: at 7–10 days after surgery, urinary catecholamine levels were significantly increased, PRL levels were significantly elevated despite markedly increased serum dopamine levels, and gonadal steroid levels (estradiol and testosterone) were significantly lower despite unchanged basal and stimulated levels of gonadotropins. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was significantly reduced at 7–10 days after surgery and remained low at 3–6 months. Other changes at 3–6 months after surgery included increased stimulated corticotropin levels and reduced serum aldosterone response to ...
Higher-level phylogeny of trogoniformes.

Phylogenetic relationships between Trogoniformes and several other putative closely related groups of birds, based on complete cytochrome b and nearly complete 12S ribosomal RNA sequences, were studied. The taxa included trogons, owls, cuckoos, parrots, nightjars, hummingbirds, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, mousebirds, and woodpeckers. The group most commonly suggested as the nearest relative to trogons had been the coraciiforms (kingfishers, rollers, and allies) but this hypothesis was not supported. It appeared that Trogons are more closely related to mousebirds, parrots, and perhaps cuckoos than to coraciiforms. Conflicting results, however, prevented precise determination of higher-level phylogenetic affinities of trogons. A saturation analysis showed evident saturation in cytochrome b third positions and 12S loops. After saturated partitions were removed, the phylogeny supported the mousebirds (Coliiformes) as the sister taxon to trogons. Phylogenetic inconsistencies appeared to be attributable to an imbalance between the lengths of terminal and internodal branches. Apparently, the limited number of characters supporting internodal branches exemplifies a relatively rapid cladogenesis at an early period in the evolutionary history of these birds.
A Design Method for Shape Memory Alloy Actuators Accounting for Cyclic Shakedown With Constrained Allowable Strain

The high energy density actuation potential of SMA wire is tempered by conservative design guidelines set to mitigate complex factors such as functional fatigue (shakedown). Shakedown causes problems of stroke loss and interface position drift between the system and the SMA wire under higher stress levels if the wire does not undergo a pre-installation shakedown procedure. Limiting actuation strain has been reported as reducing shakedown as well as increasing fatigue life. One approach to limit actuation strain is using a mechanical strain limiter which sets a fixed Martensite strain position — useful for the development of in-device shakedown procedures which eliminates time consuming pre-installation shakedown procedures. This paper presents a new graphical design approach for SMA wire actuators which accounts for shakedown with the use of mechanical strain limiters to enable higher stress designs to maximize actuator performance. Experimental data on the effect of strain limiters along with stroke and work density contours form the basis for the new graphical design method. For each independent mechanical strain limiter, the maximum of the individual post-shakedown austenite curves at a range of applied stress are combined into a conglomerate stabilization design curve. These curves over a set of mechanical strain limiters provide steady state performance prediction for SMA actuation, effectively decoupling the shakedown material performance from design variables that affect the shakedown. The use and benefits of this new design approach are demonstrated with a common constant force actuator design example. This new design approach, which accounts for shakedown, supports design of SMA actuators at higher stresses with more economical use of material/power, and enables the utilization of strain limiters for cost saving in-device shakedown procedures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Two-electron, one-photon transitions in Cr, Fe, Co, and Cu

The two emission lines resulting from the two-electron transitions $1{s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{s}^{\ensuremath{-}1}2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $1{s}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{s}^{\ensuremath{-}1}2{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ were resolved for the transition elements Cr, Fe, Co, and Cu. Their energies were determined and were found to agree well with calculations. The relative intensities of the two transitions were measured and found to be $\frac{I(K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}^{h})}{I(K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}^{h})}\ensuremath{\simeq}\frac{3}{4}$. For the same initial state, the intensity of the emission lines resulting from the simultaneous transitions of two electrons was found to be comparable to the emission intensity from the uncorrelated single-electron transitions. This is some 3 orders of magnitude greater than what has been previously reported, both theoretically and experimentally.
Interdependence of radial scar and proliferative disease with respect to invasive breast carcinoma risk in patients with benign breast biopsies.

BACKGROUND Radial scars (RS) are benign breast lesions that have been implicated as independent risk factors for invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 9556 women who underwent biopsy between 1950–1986 and enrolled in the Nashville Breast Cohort was performed to investigate the association between RS in a benign breast biopsy and the risk of IBC. The risk associated with RS and coexistent proliferative disease (PD) was assessed adjusting for age at biopsy using a Cox hazards regression analysis with time-dependent covariates. RESULTS RS were identified in 880 women (9.2%). The average follow-up time was 20.4 years. Sixty-two women (7.0%) with RS developed IBC compared with 5.5% of controls. The relative risk of IBC associated with RS was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2–2.7) at 10 years. Restricting the analysis to women age > 49 years increased the risk to 2.14 (95% CI, 0.6–2.8). These risks decreased with increasing years of follow-up. Approximately 92% of women with RS also had PD, but RS were present in only 1.3% of biopsies without PD. Analyses stratifying relative risk with regard to PD found RS to minimally elevate the relative risk of subsequent IBC. CONCLUSIONS RS in the absence of PD is uncommon. Although the presence of RS in a benign breast biopsy mildly elevates the risk of IBC risk, the current analysis indicated that this risk can be largely attributed to the category of coexistent PD. In women with both RS and atypical hyperplasia, recommendations for interventions beyond biopsy should be based on the extent of atypical hyperplasia. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Biogeochemical cycling of manganese in Oneida Lake, New York: whole lake studies of manganese

Oneida Lake, New York is a eutrophic freshwater lake known for its abundant manganese nodules and a dynamic manganese cycle. Temporal and spatial distribution of soluble and particulate manganese in the water column of the lake were analyzed over a 3-year period and correlated with other variables such as oxygen, pH, and temperature. Only data from 1988 are shown. Manganese is removed from the water column in the spring via conversion to particulate form and deposited in the bottom sediments. This removal is due to biological factors, as the lake Eh/pH conditions alone can not account for the oxidation of the soluble manganese Mn(II). During the summer months the manganese from microbial reduction moves from the sediments to the water column. In periods of stratification the soluble Mn(II) builds up to concentrations of 20 micromoles or more in the bottom waters. When mixing occurs, the soluble Mn(II) is rapidly removed via oxidation. This cycle occurs more than once during the summer, with each manganese atom probably being used several times for the oxidation of organic carbon. At the end of the fall, whole lake concentrations of manganese stabilize, and remain at about 1 micromole until the following summer, when the cycle begins again. Inputs and outflows from the lake indicate that the active Mn cycle is primarily internal, with a small accumulation each year into ferromanganese nodules located in the oxic zones of the lake.
Whitman's "Shadowy Dwarf ": A Source in Hindu Mythology

Argues that Vamana, an avatar of Vishnu in Hindu mythology, is the subject of Whitman's reference to a "shadowy dwarf" in Democratic Vistas.
Iron repletion attenuates the protective effects of iron deficiency in DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats.

Abstract Mammary tumor incidence, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) activity were measured in iron (Fe)‐deficient and iron‐replete rats treated with the carcinogen 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Female weanling rats were fed AIN‐76 diets: the iron‐deficient group was fed 5 mg Felkg diet; the control group was fed 50 mg Felkg diet; the food‐restricted group was fed 50 mg Felkg diet in the amount consumed by the iron‐deficient group; and the replete group was fed 5 mg Felkg diet for 45 days and then 50 mg Felkg diet. After six weeks of feeding, the rats were given a single intragastric dose of DMBA. Feeding the iron‐deficient diet for 20 weeks reduced hematocrit, hemoglobin, liver iron, and tumor iron values and increased spleen weight. Dietary iron repletion for 14 weeks reversed these effects of iron deficiency. Splenic NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC‐1 cells was highest in the control group. Repleting rats with 50 mg Felkg diet corrected iron deficiency but d...
Distribution of AMPA-selective glutamate receptor subunits in the cat retina

Abstract Immunocytochemical techniques were used to localize AMPA-selective glutamate receptor subunits in the cat retina. The antisera employed recognize GluR1, GluR2/3 or GluR4 subunits. Each antiserum produced a distinctive staining pattern which included horizontal cells, cone bipolar cells, and amacrine and ganglion cells. Some cells such as a ganglion cells expressed multiple subunits whereas amacrine cells were typically immunoreactive with only one of the antisera.
A shared pathway in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter: Implications for pathophysiology and therapy

Atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter are considered 2 distinct supraventricular tachycardias. Recent clinical and experimental data suggest that both these tachycardias include an area in the lower right atrial septum in their reentrant pathways. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is an association between the mechanisms of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter because of a shared pathway of reentry. Consecutive patients referred for evaluation and management of supraventricular tachycardia, thought to be due to AV nodal reentry, underwent electrophysiologic testing protocols designed to induce both AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter, if present. Fifteen of 29 patients (52%) had both AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter induced during electrophysiologic testing. Seven of these 15 patients (47%) underwent transcatheter radiofrequency current application (mean power 34 +/- 4 W) against the tricuspid annulus above the coronary sinus. In each patient, neither AV nodal reentrant tachycardia nor atrial flutter could be induced after the procedure. Repeat study after successful ablation (mean 6 days) showed no inducible supraventricular arrhythmia of either type at baseline study or during isoproterenol infusion. Atrial flutter occurs frequently (15 of 29 patients; 52%) in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, because of a shared pathway in their reentry circuits. Because of this shared pathway, both arrhythmias can be ablated at the same site. These observations promote new insights into the mechanism and therapeutics of supraventricular tachycardias.
Pubertal African-American Girls Expend Less Energy at Rest and During Physical Activity than Caucasian Girls

Between 1963 and 1991, the most dramatic increases in the prevalence of overweight in the United States have been reported in African-American girls. Lower basal energy expenditure and lack of physical activity are believed to be risk factors for excessive weight gain. We hypothesized that energy expenditure at rest and during physical activity are lower in pubertal African-American girls than in Caucasian girls. Basal metabolic rate and sleeping energy expenditure of 40 Caucasian and 41 African-American pubertal girls (matched for age, physical characteristics, body fat, and energy intake) were measured by whole-room calorimetry, energy expended for physical activity by the doubly labeled water method, sexual maturity by physical examination, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical fitness by treadmill testing, and energy intake by 3-day food record. After adjusting for soft lean tissue mass, the basal energy expenditure (1333 ± 132 vs. 1412 ± 132 kcal/day, P = 0.01) and energy exp...
Laparoscopic detection of hepatic metastases in patients with residual or recurrent medullary thyroid cancer

Background. After initial operations for medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), reoperation with removal of metastatic disease confined to the neck may benefit some patients. The identification of distant metastases precludes the possibility of curative reoperation. Methods. Forty-one patients with hypercalcitoninemia after initial surgical treatment for MTC underwent laparoscopic (n=36) or open (n=5) examination and biopsy of the liver. Thirty-seven of these patients underwent imaging by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver, or both, and 17 underwent selective venous cathetization (SVC) with measurement of hepatic and peripheral vein stimulated calcitonin levels. Results. Liver metastases were found in eight patients, seven by laparoscopy and one by open examination. Seven of these patients had normal CT or MRI scans of the liver. Laparoscopy or open liver examination revealed metastases in 2 of 11 patients with elevated hepatic vein-peripheral vein stimulated calcitonin ratios (greater than 1.3). Metastases appeared as small (less than 5 mm), bright white nodules on the surface of the liver. Conclusions. Direct examination and biopsy of the liver by laparoscopy may show small deposits of metastatic MTC in patients with normal CT and MRI scanning.
Extended self: implications for country-of-origin

Purpose – This paper aims to examine country-of-origin (COO) effects from the theoretical angle of extended self and “otherness”. Traditional COO perspectives view COO as an important quality-related, informational cue used to form product evaluations, develop preferences and make purchase decisions. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was conducted with the COO of a fresh milk product manipulated to examine these predictions. Data were collected from four samples, Americans living in the USA, Americans living in China, Chinese living in China and Chinese living in the USA. Findings – Results found that COO effects were stronger when consumers felt greater animosity toward the foreign country, were more ethnocentric and were less acculturated (i.e. conceptualized as a less expanded self). Additionally, negative product events were interpreted in light of self, in that reactions to an adverse act were stronger when “others” committed the act. American consumers living abroad were more heavily influ...
A novel method for the characterization of LSE-type dielectric waveguides

A novel method is developed to calculate the propagation characteristics of dielectric ridge structures in high frequency monolithic integrated circuits. First, the electric field in the dielectric ridge is expressed in terms of a polarization current from which an equivalent surface current density is defined. Further, generalized boundary conditions are enforced in order to provide a simple integral equation. Results derived by this modified integral equation approach give excellent agreement with other numerical methods. The main advantage of this technique is that it simplifies greatly the analysis of three-dimensional complex structures.
Pre-games: games designed to introduce CS1 and CS2 programming assignments

Many CS1 and CS2 instructors have been using game-like assignments and manipulatives to increase student understanding of abstract concepts. A related approach described in this paper requires students to play a game-like version of each assignment (referred to as the "pre-game") before designing and coding their own programs. Students complete a prototype of the pre-game that uses simpler I/O but otherwise follows the same specification. By playing the pre-game, students become familiar with lesson principles using a concrete example that combines the advantages of both game-play and manipulatives. Ideally, the pre-game creates an environment that both encourages experimentation, and allows students to use their intuition when designing algorithms and data structures.
Saccadic and disjunctive eye movements in cats.

Abstract We monitored eye movements in cats with their heads immobilized, using videotaped television recordings of pupillary translations and d.c. electro-oculography. Cats only deviate their eyes by up to 20° from the midline: they hold fixation quite constant for up to several seconds: they can make pure conjugate saccades without changing convergence angle; they can converge and diverge their eyes by many degrees to follow interesting objects. The disjunctive movements are difficult to elicit repeatedly and are generally much slower than the conjugate movements, whose velocity increases with amplitude up to about 300° sec −1
Electrochemical reduction of parabanic acid: Products and mechanism

Summary The polarographic reduction of parabanic acid, methylparabanic acid and dimethylparabanic acid has been investigated over a wide range of pH. The primary electrochemical reaction involves overall two-electrons and two-protons to give the corresponding 5-hydroxyhydantoin. At low pH and possibly at moderately high pH, the rate controlling step involves two-electrons and two-protons; at intermediate pH values a two-electron, one-proton rate controlling process is operative. 5-Hydroxyhydantoin appears to be slowly hydrolyzed to glyoxylic acid and urea so that prolonged electrolysis (in 1 M HOAc) of parabanic acid gives a mixture of 5-hydroxyhydantoin, urea and the reduction product of glyoxylic acid, namely glycolic acid. In phosphate-containing buffers between approximately pH 6 and 8 all the parabanic acids give a very weak complex with phosphate which is reduced at more negative potentials than the free acids in an essentially pH independent process. On the basis of the phosphate species present in solution and the pH independence of the complex wave, a tentative structure has been proposed for the complex.
Overexpression of human selenoprotein H in neuronal cells ameliorates ultraviolet irradiation-induced damage by modulating cell signaling pathways

Selenoprotein H (SelH) is one of the 25 so far identified selenoproteins. Selenoproteins may function as antioxidants, heavy metal antidotes, and neural survival factors. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of SelH in HT22 cells protected the cells from UVB irradiation-induced death by reducing superoxide formation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of SelH on cell signaling pathways after UVB irradiation. We exposed both human SelH- and vector-transfected HT22 cells to UVB irradiation and collected samples at 5 and 17 h of recovery. Cell viability was assessed, as well as protein levels of caspase-3, -8, -9, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), P53, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and heat shock protein 40 (HSP40). Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Overexpression of SelH protected cells against UVB-induced injury by blockade of the mitochondria-initiated cell death pathway, prevention of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and suppression of the increase of p53. Furthermore, overexpression of SelH increased levels of NRF-1, an antioxidant, and HSP40, a protein chaperone that repairs denatured protein. We conclude that SelH protects neurons against UVB-induced damage by inhibiting apoptotic cell death pathways, by preventing mitochondrial depolarization, and by promoting cell survival pathways.
MIXING ENHANCEMENT IN SUPERSONIC JETS VIA NOZZLE TRAILING EDGE MODIFICATIONS

A comprehensive research program was carried out to explore the effects of nozzle trailing edge modifications on the flow structure and mixing performance in supersonic jets. Rectangular nozzles with one modified trailing edge were used to generate large scale streamwise vortices in order to enhance mixing. The modifications are simple cut-outs in the plane of the nozzle wall, and act to induce streamwise vortices. The streamwise vorticity equation can be used to describe the generation of these vortices. The flow structure and mixing performance of a rectangular nozzle, with design Mach number 2 and with various trailing edges, were examined using optical diagnostics in flow regimes ranging from moderately overexpanded Mj =1.5 to moderately underexpanded Mj = 2.5. The results indicate that in non-ideally expanded flow regimes, one can generate pairs of streamwise vortices of various strength and sign, and that the jet cross section can significantly be altered, thus increasing the interfacial mixing area. They also show that the overall mixing can be considerably increased in non-ideally expanded cases with judicious selection of the cut-outs. For example, in underexpanded flow regimes, where the jet cross section is expanding, a cut-out to generate a pair of vortices either to entrain the ambient air into the jet or eject the jet air into the ambient can enhance mixing. On the other hand, in overexpanded cases, where the jet cross section is compressed, a cut-out to generate a pair of vortices that ejects the jet air into the ambient generates more mixing. In the ideally expanded flow regime, the trailing edge modifications do not seem to induce streamwise vortices, nor to excite spanwise oblique structures, and thus do not have a considerable on the jet development.
Effects of soil type and landscape on yield and profit maximizing nitrogen rates for switchgrass production

Abstract Previous work has found yield-maximizing nitrogen (N) rates in switchgrass production and results have varied widely. Little attention, however, has been given to estimating profit-maximizing N rates. The objectives of this research were to determine the (1) yield- and (2) profit-maximizing N rates for producing switchgrass on four soil types/landscapes in Tennessee. Mixed models were used to perform an analysis of variance on the effects of four N rates on average yield and average net returns for switchgrass grown on the four soil types/landscapes. Data were analyzed from a switchgrass experiment conducted at Milan, Tennessee over a six-year period on: (1) a moderately- to well-drained level upland (WDLU), (2) a moderately- to well-drained flood plain (WDFP), (3) a moderate-to somewhat poorly-drained eroded sloping upland (MDSU), and (4) a poorly-drained flood plain (PDFP). The N rates that maximized average yield were 67, 134, 134, and 200 kg N ha −1 for the WDFP, WDLU, MDSU, and PDFP soil types/landscapes, respectively. The profit-maximizing N rate was estimated by soil type/landscape using three prices of switchgrass and three prices of N. Results demonstrated that yield- and profit-maximizing N rates can be different, and the yield- and profit-maximizing N rates across different across the soil types/landscapes. The profit-maximizing N rate was sensitive to the price of N and the price of switchgrass across all soil types/landscapes, but sensitivity to price changes were not equal for all soil types/landscapes.
The use of strain tensor to estimate thoracic tumors deformation.

Purpose: Respiration-induced kinematics of thoracic tumors suggests a simple analogy with elasticity, where a strain tensor is used to characterize the volume of interests. The application of the biomechanical framework allows for the objective determination of tumor characteristics. Methods: Four-dimensional computed tomography provides the snapshots of the patient's anatomy at the end of inspiration and expiration. Image registration was used to obtain the displacement vector fields and deformation fields, which allows one for the determination of the strain tensor. Its departure from the identity matrix gauges the departure of the medium from rigidity. The tensorial characteristic of each GTV voxel was determined and averaged. To this end, the standard Euclidean matrix norm as well as the Log-Euclidean norm were employed. Tensorial anisotropy was gauged with the fractional anisotropy measure which is based on the normalized variance of the tensors eigenvalues. Anisotropy was also evaluated with the geodesic distance in the Log-Euclidean framework of a given strain tensor to its closest isotropic counterpart. Results: The averaged strain tensor was determined for each of the 15 retrospectively analyzed thoracic GTVs. The amplitude of GTV motion varied from 0.64 to 4.21 with the average of 1.20 cm. The GTV size ranged from 5.16 to 149.99 cc with the average of 43.19 cc. The tensorial analysis shows that deformation is inconsiderable and that the tensorial anisotropy is small. The Log-Euclidean distance of averaged strain tensors from the identity matrix ranged from 0.06 to 0.31 with the average of 0.19. The Frobenius distance from the identity matrix is similar and ranged from 0.06 to 0.35 with the average of 0.21. Their fractional anisotropy ranged from 0.02 to 0.12 with the average of 0.07. Their geodesic anisotropy ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 with the average of 0.09. These values also indicate insignificant deformation. Conclusions: The tensorial framework allows for direct measurements of tissue deformation. It goes beyond the evaluation of deformation via comparison of shapes. It is an independent and objective determination of tissue properties. This methodology can be used to determine possible changes in lung properties due to radiation therapy and possible toxicities.
Thin-layer chromatographic separation and colorimetric analysis of barley or malt lipit classes and their fatty acids

Abstract A method for detailed quantitative analysis of barley and malt lipids was developed. Extractable lipids were fractionated into four broad classes of compounds: phospholipids, mono- and diglycerides, triglycerids and hydrocarbons. The hydroxamic acid colorimetric test for ester groups was modified to quantitatively measure lipids that contained ester groups and the dichromic acid test for organic compounds was modified to quantitatively measure lipids, such as hydrocarbons, which contained no ester group. Standard curves were prepared for the four lipid fractions by the use of a thick-layer preparative procedure. Each lipid fraction can be analyzed for fatty acid composition by a thin-layer chromatographic method which separates fatty acids in the form of saturated fatty acid methyl esters and mercuric acetate adducts of unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester. The method gave quantitative results for both fatty acid analysis and lipid fraction analysis.
Social Issues in Management

The article reviews several books pertaining to social issues in management, including “Private Management and Public Policy,” by Lee E. Preston and James E. Post, “The Corporate Dilemma,” by Dow Votaw and S. Prakash Sethi, and “The Value Issue of Business,” by Alvar O. Elbing and Carol J. Elbing.
The pathology of ventricular septal defect

Abstract A ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital abnormality of the heart. Anatomic types may be identified according to anatomic landmarks in the ventricular septum. The functional effects of a ventricular septal defect depend upon the size of the defect and upon the response of the pulmonary vascular bed. In small ventricular septal defects there is a left-to-right shunt of small volume and the pulmonary pressure is normal. In large ventricular septal defects the pulmonary arterial pressure is elevated. Initially, the shunt is in a left-to-right direction. If occlusive pulmonary vascular lesions develop, a right-to-left shunt may appear. Ventricular septal defects may be associated with other conditions. These may be grouped as follows: (1) obstructive or positional anomalies of the great vessels, (2) additional shunts, (3) intracardiac obstructions and (4) valvular insufficiencies.
IN SITU STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN ANISOTROPIC ROCK

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to account for rock anisotropy when measuring in situ stresses by overcoring with instrumented devices such as the CSIRO hollow inclusion cell or the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) gauge. The rock is described as an isotropic, a transversely isotropic or an orthotropic material. The computation of in situ rock stresses with the two devices mentioned above depends on the anisotropic rock character, the degree and type of rock anisotropy, the orientation of the rock anisotropy with respect to the hole in which the devices are located, and, for the CSIRO cell only, dimensionless parameters describing the relative deformability of the rock with respect to the deformability of the cell material. Using these parameters, the paper addresses the following problems: the effect of the degree and type of rock anisotropy on in situ stress determination; the error involved in neglecting rock anisotropy by assuming isotropy; the error involved in neglecting the geometry and properties of the CSIRO cell by assuming that its strain gauges are positioned directly on the walls of pilot holes, and how this error is affected by the rock anisotropy.
Abstract 3786: Activation of KLF4 by 3,3′-Diindolylmethane contributes to the cell differentiation and grow inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), the major bioactive metabolite of the phytochemical indole-3-carbinol present in cruciferous vegetables, is a promising cancer preventative and anti-tumor agent for various tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. However the underlying molecular mechanisms by which DIM exerts its antitumor activity remain poorly understood. Our previous studies indicate that KLF4 has a tumor suppressive function in pancreatic cancer by up-regulation of p27 expression and induction of cell cycle arrest, which has also been suggested to be the mechanistic action of DIM in pancreatic cancer cells. However, whether KLF4 is involved in DIM's antitumor activity and if so, what are the underlying molecular mechanisms in pancreatic cancer have not been defined. In the present study, we found that DIM treatment dose dependently induced the expressions of KLF4 and its downstream target gene p27 and p21 in several, and cytokeratin 19 in Panc-28 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Consistently, induction of KLF4 expression correlated with significant inhibition of cell cycle progression and cell growth as determined by Flow cytometry and MTT assay, while knockdown or conditional knockout of KLF4 expression significantly reduced the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to DIM treatment determined by IC50 assay. These results indicate that KLF4 plays a critical role in mediating the antitumor activity of DIM in pancreatic cancer cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying DIM's induction of KLF4 expression, KLF4 promoter deletion mutation analysis identified a DIM responsible region (from nucleotide −780 to −346) in the KLF4 promoter, within which a candidate Egr-1 cis-acting element was found by computer-based motive analysis. Functionally, significant induction of Egr-1 protein expression was observed as early as 1 hr after DIM treatment in time-course experiments, which was prior to the induced expression of KLF4 in FG cells. Consistently, forced or knocking down Egr-1 expression increased or reduced the response of BxPC3 cells to DIM treatment, which was correlated with increased or decreased KLF4 expression. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Egr-1 protein physically interacted with and DIM treatment increased the binding of Egr-1 to the DIM responsive region of KLF4 promoter in FG cells in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that Egr-1/KLF4 signaling pathways play an important role in DIM's antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3786.
Spatial Density and Movement of the Lygus spp. Parasitoid Peristenus relictus Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Organic Strawberries with Alfalfa Trap Crops

Alfalfa trap crops are currently used to manage Lygus spp. in organic strawberry fields on the California Central Coast. The retention of Lygus spp. in alfalfa creates aggregated distributions that provide improved opportunities for biological control by the introduced parasitoid Peristenus relictus (Ruthe). The abundance and distribution of P. relictus between two trap crops separated by 50 strawberry rows were analyzed in 2008 and 2010. Parasitism of Lygus spp. nymphs by P. relictus (measured by larval abundance and % parasitism) was greatest in alfalfa trap crops compared with strawberry rows. A significantly positive correlation between host nymphs and P. relictus larvae in and between trap crops was found. Movement of P. relictus adults from a marked alfalfa trap crop into adjacent strawberry rows or trap crops was also studied in 2008 and 2009 using a chicken egg-albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay mark-capture technique. In 2008 and 2009, 85 and 49% of protein-marked wasps were captured from central trap crops, respectively, indicating that alfalfa trap crops act as a concentrated "host-density anchor" in organic strawberry fields.