cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intussusception in infants and children

Summary Intussusception is a condition which should be free from mortality iftreated in the first twenty-four hours after onset of symptoms. Preoperative administration of parenteral fluids and blood is of sufficient importance to warrant priority over definitive therapy, especially in late cases. Hydrostatic pressure reduction under fluoroscopic control appears to give both a lower mortality and a lower morbidity than primary operative reduction as measured by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, distention, length of hospital stay, wound infections, and mechanical intestinal obstruction due to adhesions. If resection is required, anastomosis with an associated vent seems the safest method.
Discontinuation reactions following sertraline

Despite the widespread use of the seleclive serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), data regarding discontinuation and switching from one medication to another are lacking. Moreover. it is unclear how rapidly these medications should be tapered to avoid adverse events associated with withdrawal. Many clinicians assume that SSRIs can be stopped suddenly, but discontinuation syndromes have been reported following cessation of fluoxetine (Stoukides and Stoukides 1991 ), sertraline (Louie et al 1994!. paroxetine (Barr 1994), and fluvoxamine (Mallya et al 1993). We present two cases in which discontinuation symptoms occurred when sertraline was stopped and review the literature on discon tinuation syndromes following SSRIs.
Stresses in Thin Film Multilayer Interconnect Structures

The difference in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between substrate, polymer, and metal leads to complicated stress fields in multilevel interconnect structures that can potentially compromise reliability. This study uses a materials set representative of the General Electric High Density Interconnect (HDI) multichip module technology to monitor the stress level in the thin film layers of metal and polymer. A Kapton HN® film is bonded to a substrate with heat and pressure using a thin layer of Ultem 1000® thermoplastic as an adhesive. Mechanical test structures consist of single or multilayer thin films fabricated on oxidized silicon or alumina substrates. Layers consist of Ultem, Ultem/Kapton, metal (Ti/Cu/Ti), and Ultem/Kapton/metal. The composite stress due to fabrication and thermal cycling between ambient and 275°C is determined by substrate deflection. The initial stress in the polymer materials is due to the thermal excursion during fabrication. Initial metal stress is intrinsic but becomes extrinsic upon thermal cycling. The composite stress in multilayer structures shows a contribution from each individual layer. The relatively low processing temperature minimizes the magnitude of the stress.
Revisiting and expanding Taylorism business process redesign and information technology

Abstract This paper discusses the process of re- engineering and redesign and its applicability to a particular manufacturing organization. I argue that this new phenomenon is an extension of taylorism, and is a competitive tool to use to survive in today's global market.
Exploiting Heterogeneity for Energy Efficiency in Chip Multiprocessors

Heterogeneous multicores are envisioned to be a promising design paradigm to combat today's challenges of power, memory, and reliability walls that are impeding chip design using deep submicron technology. Future multicores are expected to integrate multiple different cores, including GPGPUs, custom accelerators and configurable cores. In this paper, we introduce an important dimension-technology-using which heterogeneity can be introduced in multicores to improve their energy-performance envelope. Specifically, we analyze the benefits of heterogenous technologies for processor cores and cache subsystems. We discuss two promising device candidates (Tunnel-FET and Magnetic-RAM) for introducing technological diversity in the multicores and analyze their integration in the processor and cache hierarchy in detail. Our analysis shows that introducing such a kind of heterogeneity can significantly enhance the performance and energy behavior of future multicore systems.
Psychological implications of childhood meatotomies

This paper informs clinicians about the nature of childhood meatotomies, and presents two cases which suggest that the presence of a meatotomy in the developmental history of male clients should alert clinicians to the potential significance of particular body damage fears and body integrity issues in the client.
Local interconversions between graphite and diamond structures

Chemically favorable local defects in the graphite lattice converting trigonally hybridized carbon atoms into tetrahedrally hybridized atoms connecting parallel layers are considered from a systematic viewpoint. Vice versa, local defects in the diamond net converting tetrahedrally hybridized carbon atoms into trigonally hybridized atoms without giving rise to polyradicals are examined. Some of these local transitions interconverting the two main allotropes of carbon may already occur in reality; the most likely are considered to be either the formation or the rupture of bridges between graphitic sheets involving (1) six electrons, analogous to the Diels-Alder reaction, and (2) pairs of 1,3-bonds between benzenoid rings.
An IT program assessment process

This paper describes the assessment process designed and implemented for an undergraduate program in IT that was recently accredited by the Computing Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc., under the general criteria for computing. It places special emphasis on programmatic-level assessment. The assessment process combines direct assessment methods of actual student learning and indirect assessment methods which measure how various stakeholders perceive the program and its students. It includes an explanation of how direct assessment measures at the course-level can be used to evaluate course and program-level outcomes. Indirect assessments include a series of survey instruments to capture perceptions of graduating students, graduates, and employers. Examples are provided.
Personality Scales and Learning Styles: Pedagogy for Creating an Adaptive Web-Based Learning System

There is a vast body of literature that indicates students not having homogeneous learning patterns. Just as the students vary, their learning styles, cognitive abilities, and learning preferences vary; similarly, instructors employ different teaching methods. Numerous researchers have hypothesized that when studentsâ€™ unique learning dimensions are matched with similar teaching styles, it can have a significant positive impact in regards to studentsâ€™ grasp on information, their satisfaction with the course, improved academic grades, and group/team interaction. However, it is rigorously debated what these dimensions are, if they are fixed or changeable, and which scale gives the most accurate purview into the various learning dimensions of students. This paper explores the behavior and learning style of the human mind and its capacity in different learning environment. The authors examine theory, similarities, differences, and implications of the five relevant learning models discussed in the paper. Analyzing and interpreting these learning styles and behaviors will help the reader employ the best scale or combination of scales that should be used in the creation of Web-based learning environments (WBLE) for students and adapting WBLE to their particular learning styles and preferences.
Effects of Brefeldin A on Phosphatidylcholine Phospholipase D and Inositolphospholipid Metabolism in HL‐60 Cells

The involvement of the small GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) in guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S])-dependent activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in HL-60 cells has been well established in vitro. In this study, we tested the effect of brefeldin A, which prevents ARF activation by inhibiting guanine-nucleotide-exchange activity, on PLD stimulation by receptor agonists (formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and ATP) and by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in differentiated HL-60 cells. However, brefeldin A did not affect the activation of PLD at a time (1 h) when it eliminated the activity of the trans-Golgi enzyme galactosyltransferase. It also did not inhibit PLD activity in Golgienriched membranes treated with GTP[S] with or without ARF in vitro. However, longer times of brefeldin A treatment (> 6 h), progressively and completely inhibited the activation of PLD by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and partly inhibited (∼50%) the activation by PMA. In contrast, long-term brefeldin A treatment did not inhibit the effect of GTP[S] on PLD in permeabilized HL-60 cells. Long-term brefeldin A treatment completely inhibited inositol phosphate production in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and ATP, indicating that it affected inositolphospholipid-specific phospholipase C activity. These data indicate that the rapid inhibitory effect of brefeldin A on Golgi function is not associated with inhibition of receptor-mediated or PMA-mediated PLD activation in HL-60 cells. However, longer-term effects, presumably arising from the disruption of the Golgi, lead to a total inhibition of agonist activation of PLD and inositolphospholipid-specific phospholipase C. In summary, these results do not support a role for brefeldin-A-sensitive ARF in agonist regulation of PLD in HL-60 cells.
Reflection characteristics of a dielectric slab containing dielectric or perfectly conducting cylindrical gratings.

A theory based on Fourier-Bessel expansions and the T-matrix method is presented to compute the reflection and transmission characteristics of dielectric or perfectly conducting cylindrical gratings embedded in a dielectric slab. It is shown that such gratings discriminate quite effectively between TE and TM polarizations even at normal incidence. These results are important in designing semitransparent mirrors for lasers as well as in reflector antenna design.
Capillary versus aspiration biopsy: effect of needle size and length on the cytopathological specimen quality.

To test the value of the nonaspiration, or capillary, biopsy technique by experimental comparison with the conventional fine-needle aspiration technique using various needle gauges and lengths. On fresh hepatic and renal tissue from five autopsies, multiple biopsy specimens were taken with 20, 22, and 23-gauge Chiba needles of 5, 10, 15, and 20-cm length, using the aspiration technique and the capillary technique. The resultant specimens were graded on the basis of a grading scheme by a cytopathologist who was blinded to the biopsy technique. The capillary technique obtained less background blood or clot which could obscure diagnostic tissue, although not significantly different from the aspiration technique (p=0.2). However, for the amount of cellular material obtained, retention of appropriate architecture, and mean score, the capillary technique performed statistically worse than aspiration biopsy (p<0.01). In addition, with decreasing needle caliber (increasing needle gauge) and increasing length, the capillary biopsy was inferior to the aspiration biopsy. The capillary biopsy technique is inferior to the aspiration technique according to our study. When the capillary technique is to be applied, preference should be given to larger caliber, shorter needles.
Simultaneous Determination of Br− and I− with a Multiple Fiber-Optic Fluorescence Sensor:

A dual fiber-optic sensor for the simultaneous determination of bromide and iodide is successfully demonstrated. The device is based upon the dependence of quenching effects on individual fluorophores (quinine and harmane) and quenchers (bromide and iodide). From the point of view of practical application, n unknown analyte species should be able to be determined with a sensor array which contains n sensor elements on which n fluorophores are immobilized. The relative error of the new sensors for the determination of bromide and iodide is less than 5%. The sensor combination is reversible and exhibits an several ions on the sensors has been studied.
Dynamic Assessment of Health Outcomes: Time to Let the CAT Out of the Bag?

Background The use of item response theory (IRT) to measure self-reported outcomes has burgeoned in recent years. Perhaps the most important application of IRT is computer-adaptive testing (CAT), a measurement approach in which the selection of items is tailored for each respondent.
Uranium oxidation and probable subaerial weathering of phosphatized limestone from the Pourtales Terrace

Phosphatized limestones from the Pourtales Terrace, Straits of Florida, have undergone fresh-water diagenesis, as shown by several selective petrologic features such as dissolution of aragonitic skeletal material and preservation and recrystallization of Mg-calcite. This interpretation is supported by the fact that greater than 94% of the uranium in these samples is in the U(VI) oxidation state. On the deeper Pourtales Escarpment, phosphatized limestones show no alteration features indicative of fresh-water diagenesis. The uranium in these samples is a mixture of U(IV) and U(VI) with oxidation-state ratios similar to other sea-floor phosphorites. Our interpretation of these data is that uranium in the terrace samples was oxidized when that area was emergent. The karsted surface of the terrace, therefore, is a result of subaerial exposure of this portion of the Floridan platform. The escarpment samples were never above sea level, and so more closely retain their original uranium oxidation-state ratios.
A quantitative study of phagocytosis by hemolymph cells of the pelecypods Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria.

Abstract Fresh hemolymph cells of the pelecypods Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria were exposed to known concentrations of Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and it was ascertained that all four types of cells of C. virginica and all three types of M. mercenaria became associated with the bacteria. Association is defined as either the first, i.e., contact and adherence, or second, i.e., engulfment, phase of phagocytosis. However, when the surfaces of each type of cell, as well as the percentages of each type in whole hemolymph, from both species of molluscs are taken into consideration, it is concluded that the granulocytes are the most important from the standpoint of phagocytosis. When hemocytes of M. mercenaria were exposed to Bacillus megaterium at 4°, 22°, and 37°C, it was found that the association indices were higher at the latter two temperatures. It is postulated, because of the results of Feng and Feng (1974) , that nonself materials adhere with less frequency at 4°C and hence are not phagocytosed at this lower temperature.
Stability Effects of Increasing the Hydrophobicity of Solvent-Exposed Side Chains in Staphylococcal Nuclease†

A total of fifty single site surface phenylalanine substitution mutants have been made in the model protein staphylococcal nuclease. The fifty residues that were replaced with phenylalanine were chosen to give a broad sampling of solvent accessibility, secondary structure, and backbone conformations. The change in the stability of each mutant protein relative to wild type was measured by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. These results were compared to previous results obtained when these same sites were substituted with an alanine and a glycine. By this means, changes in the stability due to the loss of interactions of the wild-type side chain can be separated from the effects of introducing the bulky, hydrophobic phenylalanine in these solvent-exposed positions. In general, our results agree with the conventional wisdom that placing a hydrophobic residue in a solvent-exposed position is destabilizing in most cases, but less destabilizing than most changes in the hydrophobic core of the protein. Howev...
Trehalose: Its Role in the Anhydrobiotic Survival of Ditylenchus Myceliophagus

The anhydrobiotic potential of the free-living mycophagous nematode Ditylenchus myceliophagus was examined. Both individuals and small aggregates (mixed larvae and adults) were able to survive anhydrobiotically if dried slowly enough and exhibited those behavioural (swarming) and morphological (coiling) adaptations normally associated with dehydration stress. Comparison of biochemical profiles of nematode aggregates cultured on Agaricus bisporus or Rhizoctonia cerealis mycelia and exposed to 97% rh for three days (preconditioning) showed similar decreases in lipid and glycogen contents but trehalose contents increased to about 3.65% and 9.25% dry wt, respectively. Trehalose content had no effect on the abilities of the nematodes to survive exposure to reduced rh levels following preconditioning, with no nematodes surviving after 24 hr at 0% rh. Nematodes reared on R. cerealis and allowed to dehydrate naturally in culture for 6 weeks post-swarm showed an unexpected increase in lipid during swarming (28% to 42% dry wt), glycogen levels declined and trehalose levels increased from 2.0% to 4.0% dry wt. None of these changes were associated with dehydration stress. After 3 weeks nematodes began to coil and had lipid and trehalose contents of about 32% and 16.65% dry wt, respectively. At the end of the six week period lipid contents declined to 26% dry wt and trehalose contents remained stable. Naturally dehydrated nematodes showed an almost identical pattern of survival to preconditioned ones when exposed to reduced rh levels. The anhydrobiotic capabilities of D. myceliophagus are discussed in relation to other nematode anhydrobiotes and to the importance of trehalose as either a necessity for successful anhydrobiotic survival or a general adaptive response to environmental stress.
Unhindered by the rule of law: ethnic terrorism and the 2007 Kenyan presidential election

The 2007 presidential elections in Kenya were followed by more than 1,000 deaths and the forcible displacement of perhaps 350,000. This was the result, in part, of frustrations from the miscounting that assured President Kibaki's re-election, and the ensuing violent repression of protest and dissent. Most of these deaths and dislocations, however, were caused by ethnic terrorism, undertaken periodically by Kenyan politicians since the 1991 transition to what Paul Collier labels ‘democrazy’. Ethnic terrorism, part of the dynamic of violence that often plagues democratisation in the poorest nations, seeks to advance the fortunes of one ethnic group by fostering a militant, fearful identity, and uses extreme violence to spur ethnic cleansing, to the political advantage of its patrons. This long-term dynamic in Kenya has featured widespread use of tribal militias, sexual violence, and impunity for its perpetrators, and will likely continue, unless Kenya's political class complies with the Waki Report, which c...
The Effect of Construal Level on Subjective Probability Estimates

In a series of studies, we examined novel predictions drawn from a conceptualization of probability as psychological distance. Manipulating construal level in a number of different ways and examining a variety of probability judgments, we found that participants led to adopt a high-level-construal mind-set made lower probability assessments than did those led to adopt a low-level-construal mind-set. Moreover, this occurred even when construal level was manipulated in a context separate from the judgment task and the manipulation was unrelated in content to the events being judged. These findings suggest that broad processing variables can exert a widespread influence on probability judgment.
Risk perception and risk management: on knowledge, resource allocation and equity

Abstract This article is an outgrowth of the opening article given at a pair of invited sessions on “Risk Perception versus Risk Analysis” at the PSAM 3 Conference held on Crete in June 1996. The first introductory section provides some review of the relevant issues and raises some general questions about possible changes in the emphasis and directions of research on risk perception and related social science studies. The second section looks in a little more detail at issues related to public participation in the deliberations and decision-making concerning significant societal ventures involving risk. Section 3 examines the role and importance of knowledge in risk perception. the relatively brief fourth section raises questions about the public's perception of geologic disposal of high-level radioactive wastes as something catastrophic, to be “dreaded”. Section 5 looks at the bases for allocation of resources for improving the public health and safety. And the sixth section examines intragenerational equity and the conflict which can arise between it and intergenerational equity.
Novel Approaches to Obesity Prevention: Effects of Game Enjoyment and Game Type on Energy Expenditure in Active Video Games

Background: Some active video games have been found to promote physical activity adherence because of enjoyment. However, many active games are exercise themed, which may interfere with the distracting properties that make game-based exercise more enjoyable than traditional exercise. This study compared exercise-themed and game-themed active games to investigate differences in energy expenditure and enjoyment. Method: Young adults (N = 100, 50 female, 55 overweight, aged 18–35 years) played two of four Wii Fit games (one aerobic game and one balance game per person) for 10 min each. Of the two aerobic games, one was exercise themed (jogging) and the other was game themed (hula hooping). Both balance games were game themed. Energy expenditure and enjoyment were measured. Results: After adjustment for gender and weight, aerobic games produced 2.70 kcal/kg -1 /h -1 (95% confidence interval 2.41, 3.00) greater energy expenditure than balance games (p .17). Hula hooping was enjoyed more than jogging (p = .008). Enjoyment predicted energy expenditure in aerobic games (B = 0.767, p = .010). Conclusions: Aerobic games produced greater energy expenditure but lower enjoyment than balance games, and a game-themed aerobic game was found more enjoyable than an exercise-themed aerobic game. Integrating more strenuous activity into entertaining games instead of games that simply simulate exercise may be a fruitful avenue for active game development.
SNAP: a Sensor-Network Asynchronous Processor

We present a Sensor-Network Asynchronous Processor (SNAP), which we have designed to be both a processor core for a sensor-network node and a component of a chip multiprocessor, the Network on a Chip (NoC), which will execute a novel sensor-network simulator. We discuss the advantages of using the same processor for nodes in physical and simulated sensor networks. We describe the attributes that a processor must possess to function well in both roles, and we then describe the way we designed SNAP to have these attributes.
Multifaceted role of the Topo IIIα–RMI1-RMI2 complex and DNA2 in the BLM-dependent pathway of DNA break end resection

BLM, a RecQ family DNA helicase mutated in Bloom's Syndrome, participates in homologous recombination at two stages: 5' DNA end resection and double Holliday junction dissolution. BLM exists in a complex with Topo IIIα, RMI1 and RMI2. Herein, we address the role of Topo IIIα and RMI1-RMI2 in resection using a reconstituted system with purified human proteins. We show that Topo IIIα stimulates DNA unwinding by BLM in a manner that is potentiated by RMI1-RMI2, and that the processivity of resection is reliant on the Topo IIIα-RMI1-RMI2 complex. Topo IIIα localizes to the ends of double-strand breaks, thus implicating it in the recruitment of resection factors. While the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA plays a major role in imposing the 5' to 3' polarity of resection, Topo IIIα also makes a contribution in this regard. Moreover, we show that DNA2 stimulates the helicase activity of BLM. Our results thus uncover a multifaceted role of the Topo IIIα-RMI1-RMI2 ensemble and of DNA2 in the DNA resection reaction.
Speaker adaptation using constrained transformation

In speech recognition research, transformation-based adaptation algorithms provide an effective way of adapting acoustic models to improve the recognition accuracy. However, when only limited amounts of adaptation data are available, the transformation is often poorly estimated, which may cause performance degradation. This paper presents the Markov Random Field Linear Regression (MRFLR) algorithm, which constrains the transformation-based adaptation by the correlations among acoustic parameters. The Markov Random Field theory is used to model the correlations. The correlations are estimated from the training corpus and hypothesized as prior knowledge of acoustic models. By explicitly incorporating them into adaptation, robust and fast adaptation can be achieved. The hypothesis is tested by comparing MRFLR with MLLR (Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression), a widely used transformation-based adaptation algorithm. Experimental results show that MRFLR outperforms MLLR when adaptation data are sparse, and converges to the MLLR performance when more adaptation data are available.
A Unified Approach to Test Generation and Test Data Volume Reduction

In this paper, we propose a unified approach to test generation, test stimulus compression, and test response compaction. By integrating virtual models of the decompressor and the compactor with the CUT, a standard ATPG tool can be used to generate compressed tests and their corresponding compacted responses as a unified process. In comparison with the existing solutions which treat them as separate tasks, this unified approach could potentially achieve a higher fault coverage and obtain higher input compression and output compaction ratios. Such a unified approach also offers better flexibility for evaluating various test volume reduction architectures. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CH3 + Cl = CH3Cl: RRKM/master equation modeling

Data for the title reaction have been fitted using an RRKM/master equation approach. Energy transfer was modeled using an exponential decay with downward step sizes, ΔEd, as a fitting parameter. The low temperature (200 < T (K) < 300) combination of CH3 with Cl atoms in He can be accommodated with ΔEd (cm−1) = 400. Higher temperature (1600 < T (K) < 2100) decomposition in Ar required ΔEd(T) (cm−1) = 694(T/300)0.46. Previous analysis of the analogous system CH4 = CH3 + H required ΔEd(T) (cm−1) = 100(T/300) for He and ΔEd(T) (cm−1) = 150(T/300) for Ar. Understanding of the magnitudes and temperature dependence of ΔEd remains the greatest detriment to quantitative calculation, extrapolation, and prediction of unimolecular rate constants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 245–254, 2009
Organized Business, Affiliated Labor, and Competition Policy Reform in Developing Democracies

One of the enduring lessons of the global financial crisis is that regulatory laxity heightens systemic risk. This paper examines the political sources of regulatory laxity, highlighting the influence of interest groups on governments’ commitments to competition (antitrust) regulation in democracies. I argue that competition policy enforcement reflects the relative political strength of two contending groups. A rent-preserving alliance of incumbent producers and affiliated labor (“insiders”) opposes competition policies that erode its market dominance. A pro-competition coalition of consumers, unorganized workers, and entrepreneurs (“outsiders”) favors regulatory oversight. A simple model illustrates that policymakers’ commitments to competition policy vary according to the distributive effects of reform. Where insiders are concentrated and encompassing, commitments to antitrust regulatory reform are weakened. To test the propositions, I create an original dataset measuring competition agency design over the period 1975-2007. The results, which are robust to multiple specifications and instrumental variables, suggest that anticompetitive interest groups slow the reform process and weaken governments’ commitments to a robust regulatory regime.
Raising Hardy Children

The nature of the interaction between parents and their young is very important, as hardiness has been shown to be learned. As to the hardy attitudes, socially supportive interactions lead to a sense of commitment, early environments permitting mastery lead to a sense of control, and ongoing changes construed as richness of experience lead to a sense of challenge. As to the hardy strategies of action, an emphasis on recognizing and solving problems leads to hardy coping, an emphasis on supportive interactions leads to hardy social support, and an emphasis on what one needs leads to hardy self-care. In all this, parents need to admire, respect, and love their young.
Calibration of detector sensitivity in positron cameras

An improved method for calibrating detector sensitivities in a positron camera has been developed. The calibration phantom is a cylinder of activity placed near the center of the camera and fully within the field of view. The calibration data are processed in such a manner that the following two important properties are achieved: (1) the estimate of detector sensitivity is unaffected by the sensitivities of the other detectors; and (2) the estimates are insensitive to displacements of the calibrating phantom from the camera center. Both of these properties produce a more accurate detector calibration. >
Context dependent effects on LF (1/f) noise in advanced CMOS devices

The dependence of low frequency (1/f) noise on the proximity of adjacent features within an integrated circuit is investigated. Context layout effects of LOD (Length of gate Oxide Definition), Active to Active Spacing, and DSL (Dual Stress Liners) boundary are studied and explained using mobility and number fluctuation theory. Recommendations to reduce 1/f noise are provided.
Reduction in Incidence of Experimental Fowl Typhoid by Incorporation of a Commercial Formic Acid Preparation (Bio-Add™) into Poultry Feed

Abstract The experiment described evaluated the effect of a commercial in-feed preparation (Bio-Add™) involving a mixture of formic acid and propionic acid on the incidence of experimental fowl typhoid in groups of 41 and 42 1-wk-old Rhode Island Red chickens. The chickens were infected through contact with 12 identical chickens that had been inoculated orally with 108 cfu of Salmonella gallinarum strain 9. The incidence of mortality and morbidity due to fowl typhoid was 31/41 (76%) in birds given untreated feed and 14/42 (33%) in birds given feed treated with Bio-Add™.
Tests for Hurwitz and Schur properties of convex combination of complex polynomials

A test of Hurwitz (Schur) stability of a convex combination of Hurwitz (Schur) polynomials that requires only the checking for absence of zeros in the interval, 0 >
Computational science on the grid: from testbeds to production

We survey the steps involved in performing computational science simulations on the grid and identify requirements specific to grids for computational science. Building on this, we determine features that these kinds of grids should possess in order to support secure authentication as well as effective deployment, execution and scheduling of applications. We evaluate recently proposed approaches that address these issues and suggest new solutions for user authentication and grid scheduling.
Response of Broilers to Moenomycin

Abstract DURING screening for new antibiotics, Lindner and Wallhausser (1955) isolated a previously undescribed antibiotic from an antibiotic-producing streptomyces strain. This compound was designated moenomycin. The fermentation and isolation of this antibiotic are described by Wallhausser et al. (1965). Chemical characterization of the antibiotic by Huber et al. (1965) indicated that moenomycin is a mixture of at least four active components, which belong to a group of phosphorus-containing glycolipid antibiotics which are conspicuous by their tendency to form high molecular associates. Wasielewski et al. (1965) reported that moenomycin has an antibacterial spectrum which is similar to that of penicillin. No cross-resistance was found in strains resistant to several antibiotics. It was found to be effective against some experimental infections of mice by parental administration. However, there was almost no absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Bauer and Dost (1965) added moenomycin to the diet of broilers, swine, calves, and laying hens. Their…
Π (Pi)-matching technique for RF coil of MRI systems

Radio frequency (RF) coils are an essential part of hardware in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems and are used to excite the magnetized protons inside the human body and receive the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals from anatomy. These RF coils based on microstrip transmission line resonator, the TEM coil, that has been widely used for high field MRI and most coils use the L-matching network consisting of two capacitors, Cm (matching capacitor) in series and Ct (tuning capacitor) in parallel with a signal line. If the loading condition changes, e.g. repositioned the patient, these capacitances should be adjusted to match the impedances with 50 Ω coaxial cable. The series capacitor connection to the main signal line, however, causes problems such as transmission loss and significant coupling between adjacent components when additional circuitry such as capacitor arrays is implemented. In this study, a Π-matching network with two parallel capacitors and microstrip line acting as an inductor is proposed to overcome the transmission losses caused by capacitors at high power and coupling issues for the implementation of the automatic tuning unit for RF coil with capacitor arrays.
Si 28 + Si 28 reactions

Evaporation residues from $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$-induced reactions on $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ from 65-90 MeV have been studied by means of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy. High spin states of the residual nuclei have been observed, and the yields of residual nuclei resulting from three particle removal from the initial compound nucleus $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ are dominant. Experimental relative production cross sections of the residual nuclei are compared to evaporation-model calculations.NUCLEAR REACTION $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$($^{28}\mathrm{Si}$,$X\ensuremath{\gamma}$) at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=65\ensuremath{-}90$ MeV. $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},E)$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},\ensuremath{\theta})$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin. Deduced reaction cross sections. Ge(Li) detectors.
Acetal phosphatides in the adipose tissue of newborn rats.

SummaryThe changes in the acetal phosphatide, phospholipid and total lipids have been followed in the adipose tissues and livers of newborn rats over the first 3 weeks of life. As the adipose tissue fills with fat, the acetal phosphatide and total phospholipid, initially quite elevated, decrease rapidly to only trace amounts by the fifth to eighth day of life. These results indicate that acetal phosphatides and phospholipids are involved in some manner in the laying down of fat in adipose tissue.
Exposure to the cyanotoxin microcystin arising from interspecific differences in feeding habits among fish and shellfish in the James River Estuary, Virginia.

The cyanotoxin, microcystin (MC), is known to accumulate in the tissues of diverse aquatic biota although factors influencing exposure, such as feeding habits and seasonal patterns in toxin production, are poorly known. We analyzed seasonal variation in the MC content of primary and secondary consumers, and used dietary analysis (gut contents and stable isotopes) to improve understanding of cyanotoxin transport in food webs. Periods of elevated toxin concentration were associated with peaks in the abundance of genes specific to Microcystis and MC toxin production (mcyD). Peak toxin levels in consumer tissues coincided with peak MC concentrations in seston. However, toxins in tissues persisted in overwintering populations suggesting that potential health impacts may not be limited to bloom periods. Interspecific differences in tissue MC concentrations were related to feeding habits and organic matter sources as pelagic fishes ingested a greater proportion of algae in their diet, which resulted in greater M...
EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST PEPPER WEEVIL ON JALAPEÑO PEPPER IN SOUTH TEXAS, 2003

The test was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Weslaco.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Dimilin and Dimilin alternated with Vydate against pepper weevil on Jalapeno pepper. Jalapeno pepper was seeded on 3 Jan 2003, and the seedlings were transplanted to the field on 11 Mar. Each field plot was in 30 ft long and 40 inch wide, and consisted of two rows of plants at 1 ft spacing. The plots were separated with sorghum windbreaks and a 6ft alleyway. All treatments were arranged in a RCBdesign with four replications. The treatments were applied on 5, 13 and 20 May, and 3 Jun using a tractor-mounted sprayer with three ceramic hollow cone nozzles per row (TX-10, one over the plants, two on drops) at 100 psi at a delivery rate of 56 gpa. For sampling pepper weevils, all peppers dropped on the ground were collected on 5, 12, 20 and 27 May, and 3, 11 and 17 Jun. These peppers were dissected in the laboratory, and number of pepper weevils was counted. At harvest on 27 Jun, peppers on each of 10 randomly selected plants per plot were collected. Damage of peppers and number of pepper weevils (larvae, pupae and adults) were counted.
Light Scattering Studies of the State of Dispersion in Molecular Composites

Polymer solutions comprising stiff-chain polyester and flexible polysulfone were examined via light scattering techniques. Results were analyzed using the Stein-Wilson extension of the Debye-Bueche theory, in which the correlation lengths due to orientation fluctuations and mean-squared fluctuations of the molecular anisotropy were obtained. For a molecular dispersion, the correlation length is small and a function of concentration; as the anisotropy is attributed to the rod molecules. Aggregation of rods is associated with an increase in the magnitude and size of the density fluctuations, and a change in anisotropy fluctuations is dependent on the degree of orientation correlation of the rods in the aggregate. Blends prepared by solution casting were studied by a small-angle light scattering method. Results thus far demonstrate that aggregates are present in most of the rod/coil composites prepared.
Leadership Preferences in Ethno-Territorial Disputes: An Experimental Approach

In the conflict bargaining literature, three variables have a primary explanatory role: relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences. While leadership preferences loom large in case study research, they are either absent or poorly proxied in large-N statistical studies. Using a series of three experiments, we test for the effects of relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences on decisions to apply various levels of nonviolent and violent pressure in ethno-territorial disputes. The experimental designs presented in this study offer the opportunity to isolate the impact of leadership preferences on political strategy choices in ethno-territorial disputes. The results demonstrate that, at least in an experimental setting, leadership preferences are, in fact, significant predictors of political strategy choices, even after controlling for relative power and status quo conditions.
The feasibility research of cancelling the box shell grounding device of outdoor electric quantity meter in rural network

At the present,in the rural network of Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Regin,the casualty accidient often happened because of touching outdoor electric quantity meter box shell grounding lead device,so makes analysis and research on the feasibility of cancelling outdoor electric quantity meter box shell grounding device,the results show that it's feasible to cancel outdoor electric quantity meter box shell grounding device,but which needs to match the necessary safe measures.
A Design of Honeypot System Based on IDS and DM

The research is conducted in response to a concrete IDS (Intrusion Detection System) model which is capable of implementing Honeypot data feedback and action coordination.Also DM (Data Mining) is introduced into Honeypot system to optimize and enhance its data value with a purpose of offering effective feedback.The new-type Honeypot based on IDS and DM not only strengthens its trap function effectively,but also improves its ability to protect the target resource and to analyze hacked data greatly,consequently,IDS performance is enhanced in effect as well.
Research on Parallel Shared Decision Tree Algorithm Based on Hadoop

hared knowledge is focused on the problems of knowledge discovery shared by two(or more)applications/datasets,and it can help users investigate a poorly understood dataset from a well understood dataset by analogy and transferring knowledge.However,with the advent of the era of big data,the existing algorithms based on serialized can not able to meet the need of the rapid data growth and the serial algorithm has low efficiency in big datasets.The Parallel Shared Decision Tree algorithm(PSDT)based on Hadoop was introduced by using cloud computing.The traditional attributes list structure is uses in the PSDT.But the overmuch operations of I/O occur in the parallel processes of this algorithm,which will influence the algorithm's performance.A new Hybrid Parallel Shared Decision Tree algorithm(HPSDT),which uses hybrid data structures,was proposed.The algorithm applies attributes-list to compute the split indicators parallelly,and data records-structure to split in the splitting procedure.Data analysis indicates that the algorithm of HPSDT simplifies the splitting process,and its operations of I/O are 0.34times of the PSDT.The experimental results show that PSDT and HPSDT have good parallelism and scalability,furthermore,the performance of HPSDT is better than that of PSDT.Especially,the superiority is even more obvious with the increase of the dataset size.
Generalized Convulsions in a Patient Receiving Ultrashort-Acting Beta-Blocker Infusion:

Beta-receptor blocking agents are commonly used to treat patients with heart disease, and generalized seizures due to therapy with these agents are rare. All reported cases of seizures due to beta blocking agents have occurred only in those subjects who ingested large doses of the drugs. We observed generalized convulsions in a patient who was receiving therapeutic doses of an ultrashort-acting beta-blocking agent (esmolol hydrochloride) intravenously. A literature survey and possible mechanisms by which these agents induce seizures are presented.
Abstract # 1747 Activation of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase does not mediate inflammation-induced reductions in incentive motivation

While inflammation is implicated in the development of depression, the neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. One of the reasons for this is the complexity of depression. To move forward we have decided to deconstruct depression into basic neurobiological units and focus on incentive motivation and anhedonia. Using an operant conditioning task in which mice have the choice between a high effort/high reward and a low effort/low reward mode of response we demonstrated inflammation affects willingness to exert an effort for the reward but does not reduce the sensitivity to the reward. To assess the importance of activation of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) in these effects, we compared IDO1-deficient to wild type mice. In accordance with our previous results (Vichaya et al, Neuropsychopharmacology 2014) wild type mice responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.33 mg/kg intraperitoneal 24 h before) by a reduction in total responses and an increase in percent chocolate pellets earned. The same response to LPS was observed in IDO1 KO mice. To further assess motivation, food-deprived mice were submitted to a restricted schedule of food delivery that resulted in an increase in locomotor activity just before the expected delivery of food. This food-related anticipatory activity was decreased in the same manner by LPS in wild type and IDO1 KO mice. These findings indicate that inflammation-induced deficits in incentive motivation are not mediated by IDO1 activation.
Chemists boldly go

Michael Donnay and Michelle Francl want chemists to share the stories behind the work they do, and not be afraid to identify the heroines and heroes — and their epic adventures — that paved the way.
HER2Δ16 expression in HER2-positive breast cancer.

31 Background: HER2Δ16 isoform was detected in breast cancer and showed similar increased transforming activity to somatic mutation or deletion activated rat HER2 oncogene with 89% of HER2-positive breast cancer with this mutation developing local lymph node positive disease progression. This is the first study characterizing and determining the prevalence of HER2Δ16 isoform in patients from a NAPBC-accredited cancer center. Methods: 95 HER2-positive breast cancer tissue samples from 2002 to 2008 were obtained from Akron General Medical Center. Total RNA from cancer cells were isolated and RT-PCR was performed using primers to amplify the wild-type HER2 and HER2Δ16 isoform. DNA products from RT-PCR were then loaded in agarose gel electrophoresis with the HER2Δ16 isoform band being shorter compared to the wild type HER2. Results: Preliminary results from our ongoing study showed 39% (12 of 31) of our HER2 samples has HER2Δ16 isoform. Out of the 12 HER2Δ16 isoform samples, 17% are Stage I, 50% are Stage II,...
"The Hypothetical Past: Focusing Agency through Narratives of Past, Present, and Future"

Although management scholars have paid more and better attention in recent years to the history of the organizations and fields we study, we have only begun to examine the ways in which our narrati...
Republication: Introducing the glucogram – Description of a novel technique to quantify clinical significance of acute hyperglycemic events

The importance of hyperglycemia in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is well established. However, little is known regarding the clinical predictive value of acute hyperglycemic events. This report describes a graphical model that quantifies the correlation between momentum/stochastic indicators, acute hyperglycemia, and clinical events in chronic ICU patients. The model is based on previously described principles of graphical representations of biomedical parameter data. We hypothesize that acute hyperglycemic events are significantly associated with major clinical events and that the model described herein helps to better characterize and quantify this important relationship. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care, Practice-based learning and improvement, Systems-based practice. Republished with permission from: Stawicki SP, Schuster D, Liu JF, Kamal J, Erdal S, Gerlach AT, Whitmill ML, Lindsey DE, Thomas YM, Murphy C, Steinberg SM. Introducing the glucogram: Description of a novel technique to quantify clinical significance of acute hyperglycemic events. OPUS 12 Scientist. 2009;3:2-5.
Nanobiosensing Using Plasmonic Nanoprobes

This paper provides an overview of the development and applications of plasmonics-active nanoprobes in biomedical diagnostics. Specific examples of detection techniques using surface-enhanced Raman scattering are presented to illustrate the usefulness and potential of the plasmonics nanoprobes for gene detection and nanobiosensing. The detection of specific target deoxyribonucleic acids sequences using a novel "molecular sentinel" nanoprobe method is presented and discussed in detail.