cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing magnesite formation at low temperature and high CO2 pressure: The impact of seed crystals and minor components

Abstract The formation of magnesite was followed in aqueous solution containing initially added Mg(OH)2 equilibrated with supercritical carbon dioxide (90 atm pressure, 50 °C) in the presence of introduced magnesite particles and minor components, Co(II). As expected, the introduction of magnesite particles accelerated the formation of magnesite from solution. However, the formation rate of magnesite was even greater when small concentrations of Co(II) were introduced, indicating that the increased rate of magnesite formation in the presence of Co(II) was not solely due to the addition of a growth promoting surface. Detailed analysis of the magnesite particles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and atom probe tomography (APT) revealed that the originally added Co(II) was concentrated in the center but also present throughout the growing magnesite particles. Addition of the Co(II) in different chemical forms (i.e. as solid phase CoCO3 or Co(OH)2) could alter the growth rate of magnesite depending upon the addition of bicarbonate to the starting solution. Geochemical modeling calculations indicate that this difference is related to the thermodynamic stability of these different phases in the initial solutions. More broadly, these results indicate that the presence of even small concentrations of foreign ions that form carbonate compounds with a similar structure as magnesite can be incorporated into the magnesite lattice, accelerating the formation of anhydrous carbonates in natural environments.
Fuzzy concept lattices: Examples using the Gene Ontology

Much research in the use of concept lattices for knowledge discovery and data mining has occurred in the past several years. Various approaches have also been proposed to create fuzzy formal contexts and to transform these into fuzzy concept lattices. This paper first briefly reviews concept lattices and then presents several approaches to creating fuzzy concept lattices. One of these approaches is demonstrated with bioinformatics data, specifically using gene annotation data files. The evidence code specified with an annotation is translated into a numeric value in (0, 1] and is interpreted as the degree of association between the gene or gene product and the annotating Gene Ontology term. These degrees of association are used to create the fuzzy formal context which can then be used to create a fuzzy concept lattice.
Treatment of Acute Focal Cerebral Ischemia with Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The object of this investigation was to study the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) upon the evolution of cerebral infarction. Twenty adult cats anesthetized lightly with ketamine hydrochloride underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 6 hours. Ten cats were not treated and 10 cats received DMSO (2.5 g/kg i.v.) immediately after occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the right sylvian region were similar in the untreated and treated groups. The mean rCBF before occlusion was 46 +/- 10 ml/100 g/minute in the untreated group and 45 +/- 10 ml/100 g/minute in the treated group. Eight cats in both groups had rCBF measurements consistently below 18 ml/100 g/minute during the 6-hour period after occlusion. An index of erythrocyte flow was determined by measuring the transit of technetium-99 (99Tc)-labeled erythrocytes in the right sylvian region. The period of erythrocyte transit before occlusion was 10 +/- 1 seconds in the untreated group and 10 +/- 2 seconds in the treated group. After 6 hours of occlusion, the erythrocyte transit time was 18 +/- 3 seconds in the untreated group and 19 +/- 3 seconds in the treated group. Increasing delay in erythrocyte transit during the 6-hour occlusion period was seen in 5 untreated cats and 6 treated cats and was thought to represent a progressive increase in microvascular resistance. The complete washout of erythrocytes indicated the absence of microcirculatory obstruction. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed a reduced amplitude of activity in the right cerebral hemisphere after occlusion in cats with an rCBF consistently below 18 ml/100 g/minute. No significant EEG differences were found between the untreated and treated groups. Treatment with DMSO failed to modify the developing ischemia edema, neuronal alterations, or the changes in blood-brain barrier permeability to Evans blue dye and fluorescein. In this study DMSO was ineffective in preventing ischemic damage or acted when irreversible injury had already taken place.
Electrical properties in the deep crust

Resistivities in the earth's crust have been evaluated by direct observation using dipole-dipole resistivity soundings and magnetotelluric resistivity methods, supplemented by laboratory measurements of the electrical properties of appropriate rock types at elevated temperatures. Assuming a three-layer crustal model, the field observations indicate an attenuation of one to ten decibels per kilometer in the resistant middle layer. It is pointed out, however, that the resistivities in this zone are biased toward the lower side. Higher resistivities are expected on the basis of the laboratory experiments and if they occur to any significant extent, lower transmission losses would be obtained than are predicted by the field measurements.
Intra-articular lidocaine plus bupivacaine in sheep undergoing stifle arthrotomy.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of intra-articular (IA) lidocaine plus bupivacaine on post-operative pain in sheep undergoing stifle arthrotomy. Study design Randomized controlled experimental trial. Animals Sixteen adult Rambouillet-cross ewes. Methods Sheep were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The lidocaine/bupivacaine group (L/B, n = 8) received IA lidocaine (40 mg (2 mL)) prior to incision and IA bupivacaine (10 mg (2 mL)) post-closure, while the control group ( n = 8) received no IA injections. IA local anesthetics were an addition to the standard analgesic protocol of phenylbutazone (1 g orally, every 24 hours for 5 days) and transdermal fentanyl (equivalent to 15 mg), initiated 24 hours prior to surgery. A stifle arthrotomy was performed with the purpose of creating a full-thickness articular cartilage defect. Two observers blinded to treatment assessed sheep for total pain score using a numeric ranking scale that included: comfort, movement, and flock behavior. The first observation (T = 0) was obtained the evening of surgery (3–7 hours post-operatively); subsequent observations occurred every 12 hours for 72 hours. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to evaluate differences between groups for total pain score. Results L/B sheep had significantly lower total pain scores at T = 0 than control sheep ( p Conclusions and clinical relevance IA lidocaine plus bupivacaine provided analgesia at 3–7 hours post-operatively. Use of IA lidocaine and bupivacaine is a simple, effective, yet inexpensive perioperative analgesic protocol for joint surgery in sheep.
Marriage and Suicide among Chinese Rural Young Women

Suicides by young females in rural China contribute substantially to the high rate of suicide and the total number of suicides in China. Given the traditional familial structure that remains largely intact in rural China, this research focuses on whether being married is a risk or protective factor for suicide by young women. I examined 168 rural female suicides ages 15 to 35 in comparison with 211 rural female controls in the same age range. It was found that being married is not a protective factor for suicide in rural China. Fertility events are not related to suicide risk for rural young women. Social support is stronger for unmarried women than for married women, and risk factors tend to be family-related issues. I interpret the findings in light of Durkheim's notion of fatalistic suicide and add the Strain Theory of Suicide to account for the rural young women's suicide in Chinese culture contexts.
Gender-specific Olfactory Sensitization: Hormonal and Cognitive Influences

In one reported instance of induced olfactory sensitivity, men and women who were initially unable to smell androstenone (5-αandrost-16-en-3-one) developed that ability after repeated exposures (Wysocki et al., 1989). This phenomenon has been believed to occur only for odorants to which participants have specific anosmia and possibly specific to the particular stimulus used in that experiment. Here, we demonstrate that induced olfactory sensitivity is both a more general and more restricted effect, with only women of reproductive age showing marked sensitization to multiple odorants after repeated threshold testing. These findings may offer an explanation
Behavioral Correlates of Excreted Catecholamines and Cortisol in Second‐Grade Children

Second-grade children were observed in classrooms on normal school days and on test days from 9:00 A.M. to 11:00 A.M. Levels of excreted cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were determined for the same time periods. Comparison of excreted hormones on normal days and test days indicated that on test days the group mean cortisol excretion rate was elevated over normal days while epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were depressed. Individual differences in excreted hormones were more significantly related to personality variables observed in the classroom then to the effects of academic stress. Cortisol and epinephrine levels correlated positively with social affiliative behavior. Epinephrine and “fidgeting” were inversely related. Norepinephrine levels correlated positively with aggressiveness and negatively with inattentiveness. Teachers' ratings tended to confirm the investigators' observations of children's behavioral traits. Multiple regression analysis of psychological assessments and catecholamine determinations are presented.
High‐Temperature Optical Absorption Measurement of Single‐Crystal, Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia

High-temperature optical absorption measurements were performed on single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia. The optical band gap (E/sub g/) can be represented in the temperature range 15/sup 0/ to 1010/sup 0/C as E/sub g/(T) = 3.40-5.16x10/sup -4/T(K)(eV). The temperature of the optical cell was varied from room temperature to 1010/sup 0/C in air, and the optical absorption was measured from 200 to 700 nm. This measurement was repeated several times to furnish an average baseline characterizing losses in the sample beam. The net optical absorbance was calculated by subtracting the baseline from the total absorbance.
Sorption kinetics of p‐nitrophenol by oxidized undrawn nylon filaments

The sorption kinetics of p-nitrophenol (PNP) onto undrawn nylon yarn from an organic, nonswelling solvent in a dye bath in which the concentration of PNP was being depleted were found to obey Hill's solution of the diffusion equation, suggesting the presence of a monolayer of absorbed PNP at the surface of the fiber. Diffusion coefficients were obtained using a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting computer program. For undrawn nylon samples, oxidized for various lengths of time prior to dyeing, the diffusion coefficient increased as a function of oxidation time, rising particularly rapidly once the fibers developed microscopically visible surface cracks. The dependence of diffusion coefficient on oxidation time implies that oxidative degradation of the material is accompanied by formation of submicroscopic incipient cracks, permeable by PNP, of which at least some eventually develop into visible cracks after sufficient oxidation.
RNAi Therapeutics: Principles, Prospects and Challenges

RNA interference (RNAi) was discovered less than a decade ago and already there are human clinical trials in progress or planned. A major advantage of RNAi versus other antisense based approaches for therapeutic applications is that it utilizes cellular machinery that efficiently allows targeting of complementary transcripts, often resulting in highly potent down-regulation of gene expression. Despite the excitement about this remarkable biological process for sequence specific gene regulation, there are a number of hurdles and concerns that must be overcome prior to making RNAi a real therapeutic modality, which include off-target effects, triggering of type I interferon responses, and effective delivery in vivo. This review discusses mechanistic aspects of RNAi, the potential problem areas and solutions and therapeutic applications. It is anticipated that RNAi will be a major therapeutic modality within the next several years, and clearly warrants intense investigation to fully understand the mechanisms involved.
Thermal Blooming of Pulsed Focused Gaussian Laser Beams

Thermal blooming of a pulsed, focused Gaussian laser beam in a gas is studied for a specific model of gaseous heating. Analytic results in the limit of times both long and short compared with the sound transit time across any part of the beam are presented as irradiance profiles at any range as a function of time. Experiments that can be done with present laser technology to test the theoretical predictions are suggested.
Padé approximation of stieltjes series associated with some freud weights

Let Q(x:) be a function defined on [0, ∞) that satisfies some mild technical conditions, and let W Q(x) = exp( - 2Q (x)) be a Freud's weight. Using the precise error formula given by Allen et al. in 1974 for the , Pade approximants of the Stieltjes transform , we obtain an estimate on this error when The case when Q( x) = Q α, α ≥ 1, is given special attention.
The performance of trellis-coded MDPSK with multiple symbol detection

The idea of using a multiple (more than two) symbol observation interval to improve error probability performance is applied to differential detection of trellis-coded multiple phase-shift keying (MPSK) over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. An equivalent Euclidean distance measure per trellis branch is determined for this detection scheme. This is used to define an augmented (larger multiplicity) trellis code whose distance measure is the conventional squared Euclidean distance typical of conventional trellis-coded modulation on the AWGN. Such an augmented multiple trellis code is a convenient mathematical tool for simplifying the analysis. Results are obtained by a combination of analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that only a slight increase (e.g. one symbol) in the length of the observation interval will provide a significant improvement in bit error probability performance. >
Proteomic profiling of metalloprotease activities with cocktails of active-site probes

Metalloproteases are a large, diverse class of enzymes involved in many physiological and disease processes. Metalloproteases are regulated by post-translational mechanisms that diminish the effectiveness of conventional genomic and proteomic methods for their functional characterization. Chemical probes directed at active sites offer a potential way to measure metalloprotease activities in biological systems; however, large variations in structure limit the scope of any single small-molecule probe aimed at profiling this enzyme class. Here, we address this problem by creating a library of metalloprotease-directed probes that show complementary target selectivity. These probes were applied as a 'cocktail' to proteomes and their labeling profiles were analyzed collectively using an advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform. More than 20 metalloproteases were identified, including members from nearly all of the major branches of this enzyme class. These findings suggest that chemical proteomic methods can serve as a universal strategy to profile the activity of the metalloprotease superfamily in complex biological systems.
Acoustooptic spectrometer system used to monitor combustion processes.

An optical system using a tunable acoustooptic filter to measure the temperature and partial pressures of CO and CO2 in combustion gases has been designed and operated. The system measures the IR absorption over a linear path through the combustion products from several lines of the vibration–rotation band of CO at 4.7 μm. The temperature and partial pressure of CO are then calculated using these data. The IR absorption due to the asymmetric stretch of CO2 is then measured. The entire system, under computer control, is self-calibrating and is well suited for remote process control use.
The significance of a wish.

Wanglie's bills of $800,000 over some seventeen months are an eloquent reminder of our society's economic limits. How does this affect our capacity to purchase health insurance to meet a growing list of human needs and desires? As a society we visualize health insurance as an open-ended individual entitlement, which is one of the major problems confronting our ability to pay for health care generally. Such policy considerations, while not germane to this particular court proceeding, are crucial to the morality of health insurance and to our ability to set priorities among technologies acknowledged by our health care professions to be only marginally useful, or of no medically demonstrable benefit. The case of Helga Wanglie raises questions of how 'benefit' is to be determined in our society, and what role the medical profession may legitimately play in developing a definition of medical benefit. It also challenges us to assess the medical profession's role in creating public moral values to distinguish care that is recompensable under health insurance from benefits that more properly reside in the private domain of personal preferences.
Confessions That Corrupt Evidence From the DNA Exoneration Case Files

Basic psychology research suggests the possibility that confessions—a potent form of incrimination—may taint other evidence, thereby creating an appearance of corroboration. To determine if this laboratory-based phenomenon is supported in the high-stakes world of actual cases, we conducted an archival analysis of DNA exoneration cases from the Innocence Project case files. Results were consistent with the corruption hypothesis: Multiple evidence errors were significantly more likely to exist in false-confession cases than in eyewitness cases; in order of frequency, false confessions were accompanied by invalid or improper forensic science, eyewitness identifications, and snitches and informants; and in cases containing multiple errors, confessions were most likely to have been obtained first. We believe that these findings underestimate the problem and have important implications for the law concerning pretrial corroboration requirements and the principle of "harmless error" on appeal.
Injection drug use, unsafe medical injections, and HIV in Africa: a systematic review.

The reuse of injecting equipment in clinical settings is well documented in Africa and appears to play a substantial role in generalized HIV epidemics. The U.S. and the WHO have begun to support large scale injection safety interventions, increased professional education and training programs, and the development and wider dissemination of infection control guidelines. Several African governments have also taken steps to control injecting equipment, including banning syringes that can be reused. However injection drug use (IDU), of heroin and stimulants, is a growing risk factor for acquiring HIV in the region. IDU is increasingly common among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with high risk sex, thus linking IDU to the already well established and concentrated generalized HIV epidemics in the region. Demand reduction programs based on effective substance use education and drug treatment services are very limited, and imprisonment is more common than access to drug treatment services. Drug policies are still very punitive and there is widespread misunderstanding of and hostility to harm reduction programs e.g. needle exchange programs are almost non-existent in the region. Among injection drug users and among drug treatment patients in Africa, knowledge that needle sharing and syringe reuse transmit HIV is still very limited, in contrast with the more successfully instilled knowledge that HIV is transmitted sexually. These new injection risks will take on increased epidemiological significance over the coming decade and will require much more attention by African nations to the range of effective harm reduction tools now available in Europe, Asia, and North America.
Polybenzimidazoles. IV. Polybenzimidazoles containing aryl ether linkages

Some polybenzimidazole polymers which have aryl ether linkages between the recurring units have been prepared in order to study their thermal stability and their film- and fiber-forming properties. All of the polymers prepared were soluble, high molecular weight materials with very good thermal stability.
Looking back at the diagnosis of PFAPA: a retrospecitve analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is the most common periodic fever syndrome of childhood. The original diagnostic criteria were introduced in 1989. However, published studies show large heterogeneity in PFAPA patients, promting attempts at refining the criteria.
Non-Invasive Estimation Of Metabolic Flux And Blood Flow In Working Muscle: Effect Of Blood-Tissue Distribution

Muscle oxygenation measurements by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are frequently obtained in humans to make inferences about mechanisms of metabolic control of respiration in working skeletal muscle. However, these measurements have technical limitations that can mislead the evaluation of tissue processes. In particular, NIRS measurements of working muscle represent oxygenation of a mix of fibers with heterogeneous activation, perfusion and architecture. Specifically, the relative volume distribution of capillaries, small arteries, and venules may affect NIRS data. To determine the effect of spatial volume distribution of components of working muscle on oxygen utilization dynamics and blood flow changes, a mathematical model of oxygen transport and utilization was developed. The model includes blood volume distribution within skeletal muscle and accounts for convective, diffusive, and reactive processes of oxygen transport and metabolism in working muscle. Inputs to the model are arterial O2 concentration, cardiac output and ATP demand. Model simulations were compared to exercise data from human subjects during a rest-to-work transition. Relationships between muscle oxygen consumption, blood flow, and the rate coefficient of capillarytissue transport are analyzed. Blood volume distribution in muscle has noticeable effects on the optimal estimates of metabolic flux and blood flow in response to an exercise stimulus.
Lung Surfactant Deficiency

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants was first described in 1959 by Avery and Mead who showed it results from a deficiency of surfactant, a phospholipid-protein complex, in the lung. RDS, also called hyaline membrane disease, is most prevalent in premature infants. This lung abnormality has interested many scientists and clinicians and has led to a greater understanding of the biochemistry of the lung and to the elucidation of the components of lung surfactant. To understand the function of lung surfactant, it is appropriate to consider first the overall gross anatomy of the lung (Fig. 9–1).
Effect of CMP Pad Exposure to Aqueous Media on the Pad Properties. Part 1. Dynamic Mechanical and Modulated DSC Analysis

Soaking of polyurethane-based CMP pad in oxide slurry, de-ionized water, and pH buffer solution, and its effect on thermal and mechanical properties of the pads was studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Pad softening due to soaking was established, and softening mechanisms are discussed. Diffusion of the aqueous medias to polyurethane pad was described using Fickian diffusion model.
Dynamic changes in the ischemic mitral annulus: Implications for ring sizing.

Objectives: Contrary to the rest of the mitral annulus, inter-trigonal distance is known to be relatively less dynamic during the cardiac cycle. Therefore, intertrigonal distance is considered a suitable benchmark for annuloplasty ring sizing during mitral valve (MV) surgery. The entire mitral annulus dilates and flattens in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). It is assumed that the fibrous trigone of the heart and the intertrigonal distance does not dilate. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the changes in mitral annular geometry in patients with IMR and specifically analyze the changes in intertrigonal distance during the cardiac cycle. Methods: Intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic data obtained from 26 patients with normal MVs undergoing nonvalvular cardiac surgery and 36 patients with IMR undergoing valve repair were dynamically analyzed using Philips Qlab ® software. Results: Overall, regurgitant valves were larger in area and less dynamic than normal valves. Both normal and regurgitant groups displayed a significant change in annular area (AA) during the cardiac cycle (P 0.05). Conclusions: Annular dimensions in regurgitant valves are dynamic and can be measured feasibly and accurately using echocardiography. The echocardiographically identified inter-trigonal distance does not change significantly during the cardiac cycle.
Gas Exchange of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Leaves in Response to Feeding Injury by the Citrus Red Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Historically, treatment thresholds for the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor, on citrus were designed to minimize the extent of visible injury to mite-damaged leaves because there was no quantitative information relating mite damage to reductions in leaf physiological function or fruit yield and quality. To obtain better information on the impact of feeding by the citrus red mite on leaf function, individual trees in a 13-yr-old commercial orange grove in the San Joaquin Valley, Calif., were differentially treated with acaricides to create a range of mite densities during the spring of 1986. Gas exchange of selected trees was measured at 28-d intervals during the summer. Peak mite densities on untreated trees were more than 7-fold greater than the conventional treatment thresholds. Stomatal conductance was always independent of mite densities, however, and photosynthesis was independent of mite densities on three of the four sampling dates. Data suggest that the conventional “visible injury” threshold may be conservative in preserving the physiological capacity of leaves injured by the citrus red mite.
Transcriptome Analysis of Chemically-Induced Sensory Neuron Ablation in Zebrafish

Peripheral glia are known to have a critical role in the initial response to axon damage and degeneration. However, little is known about the cellular responses of non-myelinating glia to nerve injury. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of wild-type and mutant (lacking peripheral glia) zebrafish larvae that were treated with metronidazole. This treatment allowed us to conditionally and selectively ablate cranial sensory neurons whose axons are ensheathed only by non-myelinating glia. While transcripts representing over 27,000 genes were detected by RNAseq, only a small fraction (~1% of genes) were found to be differentially expressed in response to neuronal degeneration in either line at either 2 hrs or 5 hrs of metronidazole treatment. Analysis revealed that most expression changes (332 out of the total of 458 differentially expressed genes) occurred over a continuous period (from 2 to 5 hrs of metronidazole exposure), with a small number of genes showing changes limited to only the 2 hr (55 genes) or 5 hr (71 genes) time points. For genes with continuous alterations in expression, some of the most meaningful sets of enriched categories in the wild-type line were those involving the inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL6 signaling pathways, oxidoreductase activities and response to stress. Intriguingly, these changes were not observed in the mutant line. Indeed, cluster analysis indicated that the effects of metronidazole treatment on gene expression was heavily influenced by the presence or absence of glia, indicating that the peripheral non-myelinating glia play a significant role in the transcriptional response to sensory neuron degeneration. This is the first transcriptome study of metronidazole-induced neuronal death in zebrafish and the response of non-myelinating glia to sensory neuron degeneration. We believe this study provides important insight into the mechanisms by which non-myelinating glia react to neuronal death and degeneration in sensory circuits.
Business-Government Relations,Corporate Social Responsibility:Study on Strategy Innovation of Chinese Enterprises under Financial Crisis

The current financial crisis has been exerting significant impacts on various aspects of China society and necessitating managerial innovation,especially strategy innovation,in Chinese firms.Aiming at filling research gaps concerning competitive strategy and its innovation and based on stakeholder theory and the business environment Chinese firms are now facing,this paper probes into the necessity,connotation and essential mechanisms of Chinese firms' strategy innovation under financial crisis.Specifically,this paper first proposes that an important way for Chinese firms to compete under the financial crisis is to undertake strategy innovation.Then it studies systematically the connotation of strategy innovation and suggests that in new economic environment Chinese firms ought to strategically consider other stakeholders such as government and the public in addition to their shareholders /investors,employees,customers and competitors.After the connotation study,this paper investigates the essential mechanisms of strategy innovation,which means the static match,dynamic adjustment and configurational optimization of business-government relations,corporate social responsibility and traditional economic-market competitive strategy.This paper finally provides constructive suggestions for future research in this field.
Functional analysis of distinct human T-cell subsets bearing unique differentiation antigens.

The majority of peripheral blood lymphocytes have differentiated under the influence of the thymus gland to express a number of distinct immunologic functions. Direct analysis of human peripheral T-cell functions in vitro has shown that T cells proliferate and elaborate mediators in response to specific soluble antigens, respond to nonspecific polyclonal mitogens (Geha et al., 1973a; Chess et al., 1974a; Rocklin et al., 1974), proliferate and differentiate into specifically cytotoxic killer cells after triggering by allogeneic target cells (Sondei et al., 1975), and serve as helper or suppressor cells regulating both T-cell functions and the B-cell production of antibody (Waldman et al., 1974; Shou et al., 1976; Friedman et al., 1976). Precise dissection of the cellular mechanisms and interactions involved in these diverse T-cell functions has been facilitated by recent advances in three related areas: (1)the identification of human-lymphocyte subpopulations bearing unique surface determinants; (2) the development of new techniques for the isolation of highly purified subpopulations of human T cells; and (3) the development of in vitro techniques to discriminate the functional behavior of the isolated subsets. In this chapter, we will briefly review some recent findings relative to the isolation and surface characterization of human peripheral T lymphocytes and their subsets, and then focus our attention on the differentiation pathways and the functional heterogeneity among the human T-cell subsets.
SmAPf phase, its properties and potential dye alignment(Conference Presentation)

The first reported SmAPF phase, formed from the bent core mesogen W586, exhibits interesting and useful electrooptics.(1) Specifically, in teflon-aligned cells, upon application of an electric field, modulation of the birefringence is observed without rotation of the apparent optic axis. In addition, optical latching is observed, providing the long sought but never before seen “infinitely multistable" ferroelectric LC electrooptic switch. Based upon careful measurements of the cell behavior, the polar order parameter at temperatures just above the transition to a lower-lying smectic phase is close to unity. This suggested potential application of the phase as a host for controlled polar alignment of guest molecules. One clear application of the system is for electronic electrooptic modulation of light at telecommunications wavelengths (Kerr effect), which can be obtained in materials with polar orientation of visible dyes. Background and results of recent experiments in the host-guest chemistry of the W586 SmAPF phase, showing good orientation of designed NLO dyes, will be presented. (1) a) Reddy, R. A.; Zhu, C.; Shao, R.; Korblova, E.; Gong, T.; Shen, Y.; Garcia, E.; Glaser, M. A.; Maclennan, J. E.; Walba, D. M.; Clark, N. A. "Spontaneous ferroelectric order in a bent-core smectic liquid crystal of fluid orthorhombic layers," Science 2011, 332, 72-77. b) Korblova, E.; Walba, D.; Gong, T.; Reddy, A.; Zhu, C.; Shao, R.; Maclennan, J.; Glaser, M.; Clark, N. "Design and synthesis of an achiral ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal," Proc. SPIE 2011, 8114, (1), 81140X-1 - 81140X-9. (2) United States Patent: Walba US 9,187,500 B2, Nov. 17, 2015
Advancing Nursing Science Through Community Advisory Boards: Working Effectively Across Diverse Communities

The movement toward community-engaged research is well aligned with nursing's strong tradition of engaging individuals, families, and communities in designing and evaluating nursing care. As such, nurse scientists should consider engaging the recipients of care in the research process. Community advisory boards are a common way in which communities are engaged in research. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for effectively working with community advisory boards in diverse communities that is informed by evidence and experiences of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars. Recommendations can serve as a blueprint for nurse scientists as they engage communities in research promoting health equity.
Literary Perspectives on Biodiversity

“Diversity” refers to differences or variations; “biodiversity” refers to the variety among biological species, sometimes called species richness. Biodiversity is a recent concept, used since the 1980s to publicize losses in wildlife habitat, genetic variety, and number of species. Field and laboratory studies confirm that natural diversity sustained a healthy planet until human beings began to acquire global dominance through technology and urbanization. Recent policies of sustainable development, especially in first-world nations, seek to restore biodiversity with land-use planning, protection of endangered species, and preservation of wild habitats. Although most definitions of biodiversity focus on its economic value, something beyond cash receipts must account for the continuing interest of societies in nature, wildlife, and open space.
Vulnerability, Dependence, Sovereignty, and Ego-Distortion Theory: Psychoanalyzing Political Behaviors in the Developing World

The terms dependence, identity, sociology, and psychology are regularly utilized in the varied subdisciplines of political science. However, scholars continue to be wary of the difficult-to-quantify nuance operationalizing these variables invites. This theory- and practice-oriented essay sharpens the existing lenses of political psychology by adapting Winnicott’s maturational processes, facilitating environment, and ego-distortion typologies to the analysis of state behavior. With a focus on the postcolonial political processes and behaviors of the subgroup of African–Caribbean–Pacific (ACP) Commonwealth countries that achieved independence after World War II (WWII), the adaptation of Winnicott’s conceptualization of “true and false self” is recognized to have high utility in understanding the decades of posturing, deemed normal projections of sovereignty, many of these pervasively vulnerable states exhibit. The trajectory of these states from colonial dependence on Great Britain to postcolonial sovereign pursuits of regional integration and sustainable economic development are critically examined.
The Enjoyment Cycle: A Phenomenology of Musical Enjoyment of 4- to 7-Year-Olds During Musical Play:

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe children’s lived experience of enjoyment during musical play. Data sources included class video from 15 weeks of a 24-week extracurricular...
A review of patient preparation for nuclear medicine scintigraphy: What the referring clinicians want to know

1055 Learning Objectives 1. To evoke the awareness of the referring clinicians to the involved patient preparation prior to a nuclear medicine study. 2. To centralize the vast information that pertains to patient preparation. 3. To prevent limited, difficult or canceled studies secondary to poor patient preparation. Far too often have nuclear medicine studies been canceled, or deemed limited/difficult secondary to lack of adequate patient preparation prior to the study. It is the intent of this educational exhibit to review the necessary steps to ensure the appropriate preparation of these patients from the time the clinician writes the prescription until the time of injection. The Society of Nuclear Medicine has outlined the various guidelines for each procedure. This review will draw on these guidelines and further centralize this information to provide the clinicians with the pertinent and necessary information. This exhibit will include the following studies: myocardial perfusion imaging, thyroid uptake measurements, parathyroid imaging, thyroid studies, gastric emptying imaging, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, gastrointestinal bleeding/Meckel9s diverticulum scintigraphy, renal imaging, bone scans, gallium imaging, tagged WBC studies, brain death studies, lung scintigraphy, as well as various oncologic and pediatric studies. Pre-arrival and pre-injection recommendations will be discussed
One-step assembly of large CRISPR arrays enables multi-functional targeting and reveals constraints on array design

CRISPR-Cas systems inherently multiplex through their CRISPR arrays--whether to confer immunity against multiple invaders or by mediating multi-target editing, regulation, imaging, and sensing. However, arrays remain difficult to generate due to their reoccurring repeat sequences. Here, we report an efficient, one-step scheme called CRATES to construct large CRISPR arrays through defined assembly junctions within the trimmed portion of array spacers. We show that the constructed arrays function with the single-effector nucleases Cas9, Cas12a, and Cas13a for multiplexed DNA/RNA cleavage and gene regulation in cell-free systems, bacteria, and yeast. We also applied CRATES to assemble composite arrays utilized by multiple Cas nucleases, where these arrays enhanced DNA targeting specificity by blocking off-target sites. Finally, array characterization revealed context-dependent loss of spacer activity and processing of unintended guide RNAs derived from Cas12a terminal repeats. CRATES thus can facilitate diverse applications requiring CRISPR multiplexing and help elucidate critical factors influencing array function.
Schoolwide Planning to Improve Paraeducator Supports: A Pilot Study:

This pilot study chronicled the use of a process called, A Guide to Schoolwide Planning for Paraeducator Supports, by teams in four schools, grades K-12. Data reflect the utilization and outcomes of the process along with the perspectives of 27 study participants. Findings indicated that the process assisted all four schools to self-assess their paraeducator practices, identify priorities in need of improvement, develop actionplans, and implement them. Study participants reported that the process did what it purported to do and rated it highly on a series of consumer-oriented variables (e.g., ease of use). Implications for schools and future use are discussed for improving paraeducator supports.
Thinking-to-be and Thinking-to-Do: Some Remarks on Castañeda on Believing and Intending

What should one hope for from a philosophical study of practical thinking? Broadly speaking, one should hope for two things: first, an articulation of the similarities and differences between practical thinking and its more widely celebrated and carefully studied kin, comtemplative hinking; and second, an elaboration of what goes into practical thinking as well as of what practical thinking itself is a part. In Thinking and Doing Hector-Neri CastaŇeda presents a detailed and comprehensive theory of practical thinking, a presentation in which he carries out precisely this plan of study.
Inviscid hypersonic flows on blunt bodies

Theoretical studies made by a number of investigators over the last decade have made it possible to understand the nature of the inviscid flow near the stagnation point of a blunt body in a hypersonic stream. The basic problem is to relate the free stream Mach number and the various geometric and thermodynamic parameters of the flow. Unanswered questions remain, of course, but the principal questions have been answered.
The Low-Temperature K X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4

The K X-ray absorption spectra of Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 were measured at liquid nitrogen and boiling water temperatures. The results demonstrate a temperature dependence in the fine structure of the iron spectra, but none was observed for the oxides. These results are compared with the Kronig theory for extended fine structure, and the possibility that thermal vibrations are responsible in part for the temperature dependence is proposed. Further experiments are suggested to test this hypothesis.
Pulmonary Complications After Solid Organ Transplantation: An Autopsy Perspective.

Abstract Pulmonary complications following solid organ transplantation are common and often infectious in nature. Articles describing noninfectious pulmonary complications overwhelmingly rely on clinical and radiographic data. There are a limited number of studies with companion histology delineating the clinical diagnoses of pulmonary complications. This contrasts with blood and bone marrow transplantations. Using a retrospective cohort approach, the current study aimed to assess antemortem and postmortem pulmonary findings in solid organ transplantation recipients. Medical records and autopsy materials from 92 solid organ transplantation recipients were reviewed. Pulmonary complications were identified in 70 patients (76%). For patients with pulmonary complications at autopsy the mean survival posttransplantation was 3.48 years as compared to 7.29 years for patients without pulmonary complications at autopsy (P = .01). Twenty-eight infectious complications (fungal pneumonia, n = 20; cytomegalovirus pneumonia, n = 7; bacterial pneumonia, n = 1) and 113 noninfectious pulmonary complications were identified. The most common noninfectious findings were diffuse alveolar damage (n = 32), organizing pneumonia (n = 31), and pulmonary thromboemboli (n = 26). Disseminated infections and respiratory failure were the most common immediate causes of death (n = 24 and n = 23, respectively). Most noninfectious complications were not diagnosed antemortem.
Remanufacturing with upgrade PSS for new sustainable business models

Abstract Starting from mid ‘90s, Eco-efficient Product Service Systems (PSSs) were indicated in literature as enablers toward a more sustainable and resource-efficient industry through re-use and remanufacturing. In this regard, academicians and practitioners outlined several advantages (environmental and economic) but also many barriers hindering their implementation, such as market acceptance and economic sustainability. Thus, the diffusion of re-use and remanufacturing PSS is currently limited and mainly restricted to markets accepting also out-dated products (e.g. B2B or emerging countries). To cope with this limitation, product upgrade in re-manufacturing was recently introduced. Upgrade cycles allow embedding technological innovation into products while remanufacturing, thus reaching advanced performances and satisfying evolving customers’ preferences over time. If coupled with the offering of advanced services, remanufacturing with upgrade would open the way to new disruptive PSSs able to revolution customers’ consumption behaviour, as well as the manufacturing business model of companies. The new remanufacturing with upgrade business models will make remanufacturing one of the main pillars of companies’ business value generation, allowing improved management of technology cycles and of products obsolescence. Thus, overall economic and environmental benefits will be maximised. However, the implementation of such business models represents a challenge for manufacturers. The evolution from a pure manufacturing towards a manufacturing/remanufacturing company, together with the transition from a product to a service-based offering, entails considerable changes in all the business model variables. Drawing on the theory of business model innovation process, incremental or radical innovation paths can be hypothesised for this transition. Despite the focus of recent research on Product Service Systems and on Circular Economy, remanufacturing-with-upgrade business models are rarely cited in literature and there is limited empirical evidence of companies having embraced them. To set the research framework in alignment with previous theory, this paper proposes a structured definition and configuration of innovative remanufacturing-with-upgrade business models. By looking at existing examples of companies having undertaken this type of business model innovation, different typologies of remanufacturing and upgrade business models are proposed. Companies were classified according to the identified PSS typologies and conclusions are derived, together with future research perspectives.
States of Exception: Remembering Shakespeare Differently in Anatomie Titus, Forget Hamlet & Haider

The ghosts of non-Western history haunt Anatomie Titus: Fall of Rome, Brigitte Maria Mayer’s three-screen film installation, which synthesizes documentary footage from China, West Africa, and the Middle East and highly stylized presentational art tableaus with text drawn from her husband Heiner Muller’s Anatomie Titus Fall of Rome a Shakespeare Commentary. Mayer’s work serves as entry point to radical reworkings of Hamlet that constitute powerful exceptions to how the global turn in Shakespeare reproduction is normally registered and understood. Jawad al-Asadi’s play Forget Hamlet is paired with Haider, Vishal Bhardwaj’s third filmic adaptation of Shakespeare, which pointedly forgets Hamlet in order to remember it differently in mash-ups that mix, match, and collide performance practices rooted in ancient Kashmiri traditions and contemporary hip-hop rhythms, stylings, and aggression.
Correction to: Prior bariatric surgery lowers complication rates following spine surgery in obese patients

The AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) has requested the correction of the result Tables 1–3 of this study: All stated numbers below 10 shall be modified to read “<10” instead.