cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomechanically Induced Gene iex-1 Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation

Mechanotransduction plays a prominent role in vascular pathophysiology but is incompletely understood. In this study, we report the biomechanical induction of the immediate early response gene iex-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Mechanical induction of iex-1 was confirmed by Northern (30-fold induction after 2 hours) and Western (6-fold induction after 24 hours) analyses. Expression of iex-1 was regulated by mechanical activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and abolished by overexpression of IkappaB in SMCs. The function of iex-1 in SMCs was explored by gene transfer using adenoviral vectors overexpressing iex-1. After 48 hours of 4% cyclic mechanical strain, adenoviral vectors overexpressing iex-1-infected cells had lower 3[H]-thymidine incorporation compared with AdGFP-infected controls (71.3+/-8.5% versus 180.2+/-19.4% in controls; P<0.001). Overexpression of iex-1 suppressed mitogenesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor (208.1+/-108.3% versus 290.0+/-120.5% in controls; P<0.05). This was accompanied by reduced degradation of p27kip1, inhibition of Rb hyperphosphorylation, and reduced cell cycle progression. To investigate functional effects of iex-1 in vivo, we performed carotid artery mechanical injury and endothelial denudation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice followed by intraluminal injection of adenoviral vectors (3x10(9) pfu in 50 microL) for overexpression of iex-1 or gfp (control). Vascular overexpression of iex-1 reduced neointima formation 2 weeks after injury (intima/media ratio, 0.23+/-0.04 versus 0.5+/-0.24 in controls; P<0.05). Our findings demonstrate that biomechanical strain induces iex-1 with subsequent antiproliferative effects in SMCs and that selective gene transfer of iex-1 inhibits the local vascular response after injury. These findings suggest that the induction of iex-1 represents a novel negative biomechanical feedback mechanism limiting the vascular response to injury.
Correlates and outcomes of retroperitoneal hemorrhage complicating percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) is an infrequent but occasionally fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, it has been studied in relatively small numbers of patients. METHODS: Prospectively collected data on 28,378 consecutive patients treated between 1992 and 2003 were examined, supplemented by a date-based case control cohort study (76 RPH and 76 non-RPH patients) to examine elements not routinely recorded prospectively. Independent correlates of RPH were determined using logistical regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three patients (0.57%) developed RPH; of these 73.5% required blood transfusions and 10.4% expired during hospitalization (P < 0.001 for both compared with patients without RPH). RPH was independently associated with femoral artery sheath placement superior to the inferior epigastric artery (P < 0.001), female sex (P < 0.001), use of Angioseal™ Device (P < 0.001), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (P = 0.001), and patient presentation with the acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.035), and was inversely related to patient weight (P = 0.014). Of the 17 patient deaths, 6 were directly related to RPH, 2 of which occurred in association with delays in resuscitation efforts consequent to attempts to obtain diagnostic confirmation with CT imaging. CONCLUSIONS: RPH remains an infrequent but serious complication of PCI. Appropriate management of the femoral access site and the patient once this complication is suspected may minimize adverse outcomes. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: From normal emotion to pathological anxiety

The dynamic interactions between the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are usefully conceptualized as a circuit that both allows us to react automatically to biologically relevant predictive stimuli as well as regulate these reactions when the situation calls for it. In this review, we will begin by discussing the role of this amygdala-mPFC circuitry in the conditioning and extinction of aversive learning in animals. We will then relate these data to emotional regulation paradigms in humans. Finally, we will consider how these processes are compromised in normal and pathological anxiety. We conclude that the capacity for efficient crosstalk between the amygdala and the mPFC, which is represented as the strength of the amygdala-mPFC circuitry, is crucial to beneficial outcomes in terms of reported anxiety.
Optical Ultrasonic Techniques

A fully automated laser Debye-Sears ultrasonic absorption apparatus is briefly described and its relationship to Brillouin scattering is mentioned. The utilization of mini-computerized optical techniques at lower ultrasonic frequencies than the present lower limit of ~15 MHz is also considered.
A New Algebraic Geometry Algorithm for Integer Programming

We propose a new algorithm for solving integer programming (IP) problems that is based on ideas from algebraic geometry. The method provides a natural generalization of the Farkas lemma for IP, leads to a way of performing sensitivity analysis, offers a systematic enumeration of all feasible solutions, and gives structural information of the feasible set of a given IP. We provide several examples that offer insights on the algorithm and its properties.
ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES OF THE ECLIPSING BINARY STAR HY VIRGINIS

HY Vir is found to be a double-lined F0m+F5 binary star with relatively shallow (0.3 mag) partial eclipses. Previous studies of the system are improved with 7509 differential photometric observations from the URSA WebScope and 8862 from the NFO WebScope, and 68 high-resolution spectroscopic observations from the Tennessee State University 2 m automatic spectroscopic telescope, and the 1 m coude-feed spectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory. Very accurate (better than 0.5%) masses and radii are determined from analysis of the new light curves and radial velocity curves. Theoretical models match the absolute properties of the stars at an age of about 1.35 Gy.
The Relationship between Parent Expectations and Postschool Outcomes of Adolescents with Disabilities

A secondary analysis was conducted of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 to examine (a) main effects of parents' school and postschool outcome expectations on the actual outcomes achieved, (b) demographic moderators, and (c) adolescent autonomy as a mediator of parent expectations and outcomes. Parent expectations were found to significantly predict study outcomes. Moderator analysis indicated that disability type moderated the relationship between parent expectations and outcomes. Meditational analyses indicated that autonomy did not mediate the relationship between parent expectations and study outcomes. However, parent expectations significantly predicted levels of autonomy, and autonomy predicted a number of postschool outcomes. Together, these findings suggest a need for interventions that support and foster positive parent expectations and parental supports to promote autonomy development. Additional research is needed on the mechanisms by which parent expectations and autonomy affect the ...
Autonomic Modulation of Olfactory Signaling

The olfactory epithelium is extensively innervated by sympathetic nerve endings, which release norepinephrine, and parasympathetic nerve endings, which release acetylcholine. Because olfactory sensory neurons have adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in addition to odorant receptors, autonomic stimulation can modulate the responses of olfactory sensory neurons to odorants. Recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie crosstalk between muscarinic and odorant receptor signaling. The emerging view is that the stimulation of odorant receptor signaling by odorants, which is the earliest step in olfaction, can be substantially regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Chapman Conference on Time Scales of Geomagnetic Field

An AGU Chapman Conference, “Time scales of the Geomagnetic Field,” was held recently on the 70th birthday of Neil D. Opdyke, professor at the University of Florida, as a tribute to his outstanding contributions to the Earth sciences over more than 4 decades. Seventy-five participants, a quarter of whom came from outside North America, registered for the meeting and took part in the scientific sessions. The meeting was organized into three topics, each of which occupied a day of lectures and posters.
Restoration of G1 chemo/radioresistance and double-strand-break repair proficiency by wild-type but not endonuclease-deficient Artemis

Deficiency in Artemis is associated with lack of V(D)J recombination, sensitivity to radiation and radiomimetic drugs, and failure to repair a subset of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Artemis harbors an endonuclease activity that trims both 5′- and 3′-ends of DSBs. To examine whether endonucleolytic trimming of terminally blocked DSBs by Artemis is a biologically relevant function, Artemis-deficient fibroblasts were stably complemented with either wild-type Artemis or an endonuclease-deficient D165N mutant. Wild-type Artemis completely restored resistance to γ-rays, bleomycin and neocarzinostatin, and also restored DSB-repair proficiency in G0/G1 phase as measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repair focus resolution. In contrast, cells expressing the D165N mutant, even at very high levels, remained as chemo/radiosensitive and repair deficient as the parental cells, as evidenced by persistent γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and Mre11 foci that slowly increased in size and ultimately became juxtaposed with promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. In normal fibroblasts, overexpression of wild-type Artemis increased radioresistance, while D165N overexpression conferred partial repair deficiency following high-dose radiation. Restoration of chemo/radioresistance by wild-type, but not D165N Artemis suggests that the lack of endonucleolytic trimming of DNA ends is the principal cause of sensitivity to double-strand cleaving agents in Artemis-deficient cells.
A Pilot Study of the Nutritional Status of Opiate-Using Pregnant Women on Methadone Maintenance Therapy

Pregnant women in methadone maintenance therapy may have poor nutrition during pregnancy. In 2006–2008, methadone-treated pregnant women (n = 22) were recruited at an urban academic medical center and compared with nondrug-using pregnant women (n = 119) at 20–35 weeks’ gestation. We measured adiposity using prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire, and micronutrient and essential fatty acid status using biomarkers. Methadone-treated women had lower BMI, consumed more calories, had lower serum carotenoid concentrations, and higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than controls. The study's limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Family-Level Service Coordination Within Home Visiting Programs:

As early intervention agencies continue to strive toward becoming more family centered, home visiting is being used increasingly as a strategy for young children and their families to provide direc...
MR-based detection of individual histotripsy bubble clouds formed in tissues and phantoms.

Purpose To demonstrate that MR sequences can detect individual histotripsy bubble clouds formed inside intact tissues. Methods A line-scan and an EPI sequence were sensitized to histotripsy by inserting a bipolar gradient whose lobes bracketed the lifespan of a histotripsy bubble cloud. Using a 7 Tesla, small-bore scanner, these sequences monitored histotripsy clouds formed in an agar phantom and in vitro porcine liver and brain. The bipolar gradients were adjusted to apply phase with k-space frequencies of 10, 300 or 400 cm-1 . Acoustic pressure amplitude was also varied. Cavitation was simultaneously monitored using a passive cavitation detection system. Results Each image captured local signal loss specific to an individual bubble cloud. In the agar phantom, this signal loss appeared only when the transducer output exceeded the cavitation threshold pressure. In tissues, bubble clouds were immediately detected when the gradients created phase with k-space frequencies of 300 and 400 cm-1 . When the gradients created phase with a k-space frequency of 10 cm-1 , individual bubble clouds were not detectable until many acoustic pulses had been applied to the tissue. Conclusion Cavitation-sensitive MR-sequences can detect single histotripsy bubble clouds formed in biologic tissue. Detection is influenced by the sensitizing gradients and treatment history. Magn Reson Med 76:1486-1493, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Abstract 11802: Clinical Implementation Of CYP2C19-genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy Reduces Cardiovascular Events After PCI

Introduction: Clopidogrel is bioactivated by CYP2C19, and the CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) genotype leads to reduced clopidogrel effectiveness after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We examined whether clinical implementation of CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy (APT) reduces the risk for cardiovascular events after PCI. Methods: CYP2C19 genotyping post-PCI was implemented at UF Health Shands Hospital in July 2012, with alternative APT recommended for LOF allele carriers. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, comprised of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and stent thrombosis) over the 6 months after PCI were determined via medical record review. MACE was compared between LOF allele carriers switched to alternative APT (LOF-alternative) and both LOF allele carriers who remained on clopidogrel (LOF-clopidogrel) and non-LOF carriers (non-LOF) using Kaplan-Meier method with additional multivariable Cox regression analysis and propensity score adjustment in LOF groups. Results: Of 412 patients (80% with ACS) who underwent PCI and genotyping, 126 (31%) had a LOF allele and 68 (54%) of these received alternative APT (prasugrel n=57, ticagrelor n=8, triple dose clopidogrel n=3). On Kaplan-Meier analysis (Figure), there was a lower incidence of MACE in LOF-alternative vs. LOF-clopidogrel groups and no significant difference between the LOF-alternative and non-LOF groups. On multivariable Cox regression analysis with propensity score adjustment, there was reduced risk of MACE in LOF-alternative vs. LOF-clopidogrel patients (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.84, p=0.035). In the LOF-clopidogrel group, the majority of events (83%) occurred within 30 days; all were in patients who presented with an ACS. Conclusion: Changing from clopidogrel to alternative APT after PCI in patients with the CYP2C19 LOF genotype reduces the risk for MACE. These data support CYP2C19 genotyping in patients undergoing PCI, especially in those with ACS.
Occupational exposures to influenza among healthcare workers in the United States

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to estimate the annual number of occupational exposures to influenza among healthcare workers that result from providing direct and supportive care to influenza patients in acute care, home care and long-term care settings. Literature review was used to identify healthcare utilization for influenza, and worker activity patterns. This information was used, with Monte Carlo simulation, to tabulate the mean annual number of occupational exposures. Given a medium-sized epidemic with a 6% annual symptomatic influenza incidence proportion, the mean number of occupational exposures was estimated to be 81.8 million annually. Among the approximately 14 million healthcare workers, this corresponds to 5.8 exposures per worker annually, on average. Exposures, however, are likely concentrated among subsets of healthcare workers. Occupational exposures were most numerous in ambulatory care settings (38%), followed by long-term care facilities (30%) and home care settings (21%). Th...
Effect of somatostatin on mesenteric vascular resistance in normal and portal hypertensive rats

Vasoactive effects of natural somatostatin (SRIF-14) and its analogue octreotide were studied in in vitro perfused superior mesenteric arterial beds of normal (Sham) and portal hypertensive (PVL) rats. Tested concentrations covered the whole range used in clinical settings (10(-10) to 10(-5) M for SRIF-14 and 10(-11) to 10(-6) M for octreotide, respectively). Vessel resistances only minimally changed to infusions of SRIF-14 (from 3.5 +/- 0.4 to 3.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg.ml-1.min and 3.8 +/- 0.3 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg.ml-1.min for PVL and Sham) and octreotide (from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg.ml-1.min and 3.8 +/- 0.4 to 4.0 42- 0.4 mmHg.ml-1.min for PVL and Sham). The same was true for bolus injections. In contrast, norepinephrine induced significant increases in vessel resistance (up to 110.6 +/- 20.1 mmHg.ml-1.min). In conclusion, SRIF-14 and octreotide exert no direct effect on vascular smooth muscle tone in splanchnic resistance vessels of Sham and PVL rats. The vasoconstriction reported in vivo seems therefore probably mediated by the ability of these peptides to inhibit the secretion of vasodilatatory substances.
Femtosecond laser fabricated multimode fiber sensors interrogated by optical-carrier-based microwave interferometry technique for distributed strain sensing

A multimode fiber (MMF) based cascaded intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers (IFPIs) system is presented and the distributed strain sensing has been experimentally demonstrated by using such system. The proposed 13 cascaded IFPIs have been formed by 14 cascaded reflectors that have been fabricated on a grade index MMF. Each reflector has been made by drawing a line on the center of the cross-section of the MMF through a femtosecond laser. The distance between any two adjacent reflectors is around 100 cm. The optical carrier based microwave interferometry (OCMI) technique has been used to interrogate the MMF based cascaded FPIs system by reading the optical interference information in the microwave domain. The location along with the shift of the interference fringe pattern for each FPI can be resolved though signal processing based on the microwave domain information. The multimode interference showed very little influence to the microwave domain signals. By using such system the strain of 10 -4 for each FPI sensor and the spatial resolution of less than 5 cm for the system can be easily achieved.
Disentangling Local Policy Elite's Decision-Making on Sustainable Energy Policies: An Arkansas Perspective

The local policy arena is ripe for research related to local policy elites’ decisionmaking, which is one of the critical aspects in understanding the political process of policymaking. Where policy adoption and diffusion are concerned in policy studies, much previous research focuses on state-to-state dynamics, which leaves room to expand our understanding about the policy adoption and diffusion process at the local level. We argue that identification of individual level determinants that signify policy adoption is key to fostering this knowledge. Accordingly, focusing upon the grid-group cultural theory of policy preference formation posited by Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, this paper provides a theoretical and empirical examination of such factors among local policy elites at city jurisdictions in Northwest Arkansas within the context of their policy preferences toward energy efficiency and renewable energy. Through an analysis of data collected from an Internet survey of 416 policy elites in major Arkansas cities between March 17th and August 11th in 2014, we found that strong egalitarians are more likely to support various sustainable energy policies in their communities, whereas strong individualists are less likely to support such policies. While policymakers and business leaders with a strong hierarch proclivity are more likely to support energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions at the local level, their support was not as strong as egalitarian elites’. Meanwhile, fatalism was not a significant dimension of cultural predisposition in the formation of sustainable energy policy preferences among the local elites.
Trends in Robotic-Assisted Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: A Study of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, 2006 to 2012

Background Robotic technology is one of the most recent technological changes in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations. The current analysis was conducted to identify trends in the use and outcomes of robotic-assisted CABG (RA-CABG). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database between 2006 and 2012. Patient and site-level characteristics were compared between traditional CABG and RA-CABG. Operative death, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The number of sites using RA-CABG remained relatively constant during the study period (from 148 in 2006 to 151 in 2012). The volume of RA-CABG as a percentage of the total CABG procedures increased slightly from 0.59% (872 RA-CABG of 127,717 total CABG) in 2006 to 0.97% (1,260 RA-CABG of 97,249 total CABG) in 2012. The RA-CABG patients were significantly younger (64 vs 65 years, p p p p p p = 0.29). Conclusions RA-CABG use remained relatively stagnant during the analysis period despite lower rates of major perioperative complications and no difference in operative deaths. Additional analysis is needed to fully understand the role that robotic technology will play in CABG operations in the future.
Multivariate Analysis Combined with Surface Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS): Enabling Problem Solving and Expanding Application Space in an Industrial Environment

Surface characterization techniques, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in particular, provide data that are multivariate in nature. Multivariate data reduction approaches can extract information and/or represent the data to facilitate interpretation of the data and correlation with measured properties. Examples discussed include multivariate curve resolution analysis of secondary ion mapping data (additive segregation in polymer resin pellets), combined positive and negative secondary ion mapping data after image registration, and secondary ion depth profiling data with depth scale correction.
The Upside of Bias: A Case of Chronic Meningitis Due to Sporothrix Schenckii in an Immunocompetent Host

Chronic meningitis of unknown etiology is a vexing illness for patients and clinicians. Identification of the correct pathogen can be challenging and time consuming, leading to delays in appropriate treatment. Although Sporothrix schenckii is a recognized and treatable cause of chronic meningitis, neurologists and infectious diseases physicians may not regularly evaluate for Sporothrix infection. We describe an immunocompetent patient with chronic meningitis who partially responded to empiric fluconazole. Prompted by a recent culture-confirmed case of meningeal sporotrichosis, we tested for S schenckii antibodies from the cerebrospinal fluid, which were positive. His clinical and functional status improved, and the S schenckii antibody titer decreased with itraconazole therapy. Clinicians should consider S schenckii in the differential diagnosis for chronic meningitis, even in immunocompetent patients, particularly when the clinical picture does not respond to standard empiric therapy.
Intracellular potassium concentration in normal and diabetic rat liver.

SummaryThe intracellular potassium concentration was found to be normal in diabetic rat liver.
Between Words, Numbers, and Things: Transgenics and Other Objects of Life in Margaret Atwood's MaddAddams

In her MaddAddam trilogy, Canadian author Margaret Atwood profoundly critiques humanism, posthumanism, and transhumanism by focusing on the instrumentalization of life in transgenics and critical theological and ecological discourses. Atwood, I contend, writes speculative fictions that challenge speculative capital's monetization of the elements of life. Speculative fictions envision unrealized future scenarios; in this regard, they share a similar strategy to speculative capital, the very forces whose fictions have become our realities. I argue that Atwood opposes life becoming rendered into an algorithmic game, a complex calculation that generates automated reasoning, and instrumentalizes attention to control life. Next, I elucidate how Atwood problematizes claims of resistance to instrumentalization and power by religious and ecological discourses by demonstrating that nature, God, and bodies become tools for enfiguring complex processes that exceed the limits of human knowledge. Atwood proposes thinki...
Women’s Health in the Age of Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 is the most sweeping health care legislation in a generation. The goal of the legislation is to increase access to both public and private insurance, and to improve the affordability and quality of care. Many provisions of the bill have a direct impact on the women's health care services. This paper provides an overview of the bill's provisions that have the largest impact on women's health care and provides data on the impact of the bill to date.
Minors' rights and HIV : Prevention, testing and treatment

SUMMARY This article will examine the concept of minors' legal rights and their relationship to HIV prevention, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of HIV infection. The legal concept of minors' rights being equal to adults' legal rights has emerged in the last three decades. Parallel to this emergence is the changing nature of child/adolescent morbidity and mortality. Significant increases in rates of suicide, drug use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), violent crimes, and births to single adolescent mothers have occurred over the same time period. More recently, there has been a rapid increase in the number of reported AIDS cases in the adolescent age group (13-19 years), which includes minors. It could be argued that this reflects a society in which minors practice behaviors more characteristic of adults. If so, a right to access services related to these behaviors should be granted to minors, specifically as they relate to HIV infection.
Functional outcomes in patients with brain tumor after inpatient rehabilitation: comparison with traumatic brain injury.

Huang ME, Cifu DX, Keyser-Marcus L: Functional outcomes in patients with brain tumor after inpatient rehabilitation: comparison with traumatic brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000;79:327-335. Objective: To compare the functional outcome, length of stay, and discharge disposition of individuals with brain tumor versus those with acute traumatic brain injury. Design: In this study, 78 brain tumor patients were one-to-one matched by location of lesion and age with 78 acute traumatic brain injury patients. Outcome was measured by using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM 228) on admission and discharge. The FIM change and FIM efficiency were also calculated. FIM data were analyzed in three subsets, i.e., activities of daily living, mobility, and cognition. Discharge disposition and rehabilitation length of stay were also compared. Results: Demographic variables of race, marital status, and payer source were comparable for the two groups. No significant difference was found between the brain tumor and the traumatic brain injury populations with respect to total admission FIM, total discharge FIM, and FIM efficiency. The brain injury population had a significantly greater change in FIM. The tumor group had a significantly shorter rehabilitation length of stay and a greater discharge to community rate. Conclusions: Thus, individuals with brain tumor can achieve comparable functional outcome and have a shorter rehabilitation length of stay and greater discharge to community rate than individuals with brain injury.
Reply to the Letter to the editor: Labral injuries of the hip in rowers.

To the editor, We thank Dr. Smoljanovic and colleagues for their comments on our study about labral injuries of the hip in rowers. Regarding ROM, we agree that underlying femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) precipitates labral tearing of the rower’s hip in flexion. The average hip flexion in this series was 101° (range: 90°–130°). The etiology of labral pathology of the hip in athletes is likely due to a combination of activity and predisposing underlying anatomy. In our study, 10 of 16 rowers returned to competitive rowing. We agree that not performing concomitant osteochondroplasty during labral surgery in some patients may have resulted in lower rates of return to rowing. This series of patients were treated from 2003 to 2010. With evolving understanding of structural abnormalities associated with intra- and extra-articular hip pathology, our current arthroscopic approach for mixed FAI typically involves labral refixation, acetabular osteochondroplasty, femoral osteochondroplasty, and capsular repair. There are many reasons why an athlete might not return to play; we did not further elucidate the reasons for not returning to rowing. On the subject of rehabilitation, the patients in our study were treated with partial weight-bearing for 3 weeks after surgery with a progressive physical therapy program. Return to rowing was allowed at 3 months after surgery if the patients met functional criteria for pain, strength, and motion. We agree with Smoljanovic and colleagues that rehabilitation should progress gradually to avoid reinjury and irritation of the hip. We treated three patients with bilateral hip pathology with unilateral hip arthroscopy. The contralateral hips in those patients had not undergone surgery at the time of last followup because they were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic.
Anisotropic Adaptive Simulations in Aerodynamics

Capturing accurately and automatically the complexity of the whole flow around a com- plex aircraft is still an unachieved goal in aerodynamics. Indeed, the various features of the flow generally induce severe limitations to devise a unique global method. Generally, specific mesh adaptation is one possible method employed to fit locally the mesh to the particular features of the flow. Boundary layer mesh generation using structured grids is one example of adaptation utilized as a pre-processing to accurately capture the speed profile near a body. Then, anisotropic unstructured mesh adaptation is devised to cap- ture automatically other components of the flows: shocks, shear layers, wake. . . However, these two requirements necessary to succeed an accurate CFD computation are generally envisaged independently. The scope of this paper is to introduce a general metric-based framework where these two requirements are done conjointly with a fully unstructured view. We then utilize a local remeshing approach to generate an anisotropic mesh that complies with the sizes and orientations of the metric tensor fields.
Citrus Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Pesticide Resistance in the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys of California

Citrus thrips ( Scirtothrips citri (Moulton)) resistance to dimethoate, or formetanate, or both was evaluated in 13 commercial citrus groves in the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys of California in 1986. Dimethoate resistance was apparent at one site in the Coachella Valley (30.0-fold at the LC50) and at all San Joaquin Valley sites (21.5–90.3-fold at the LC50). Increased levels of formetanate use appeared to be correlated with increased resistance (up to 31.0-fold at the LC50) to this chemical. Intensity and frequency of dimethoate and formetanate resistance were higher and more widespread in the San Joaquin Valley than in the Coachella Valley. These results are discussed with respect to general patterns of citrus thrips resistance and their implications to resistance management.
Research and Application of Real-time Processing Changed Data in Data Exchange System

Howto process changed and sensitive data in critical business systems is a key problem which must be solved in the implementation of enterprise informationalization. In order to solve the problem of"information island"and improve the efficiency and level of information sharing,a solution is designed for real-time processing variable data. The solution combines trigger with record table for change capturing,and uses data exchange platform for processing and transmitting changed data,which ensures data real-time synchronization between systems quickly and reliably. The achievement has been used in China Southern Power Grid,and achieved good result.
Measuring the Common Dust Concentration of Air in Railway Workplace with β-ray Absorption Method

The paper compared the measurement method of the β-ray absorption with gravimetric method of air dust concentration at railway workplace,here,after analyzing the accuracy、precision and sensitivity of the β-ray,the result shows almost consistence of the measurement method of the β-ray absorption with gravimetric method,whose differences are not statistically significant(t=1.442 4,v=16,P0.169):The gaining weight of filter membrane Δm and the βray absorption degree A shows positive linear correlations,which has a very statistically significant meaning.(Δm=0.178 8+7.967 5A,r=0.978 2,v=14,P0.001).The coefficients for variation for the β-ray absorption degree and the concentration of black dust carbon generally decrease with the increasing of sampling time t and the gaining weight of filter membrane Δm,when the sampling time t≥7 min,the gaining weight of filter membrane Δm≥0.3 mg,the two coefficients for variation are below 10%,with the detection limit(the minimum detectable gaining weight of filter membrane Δm) of m_L of(0.000 2 mg).
Renal Oncocytoma with Synchronous Contralateral Renal Cell Carcinoma

We report a case of simultaneous contralateral oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma. The diagnosis and prognosis of renal oncocytoma are discussed, and the management of bilateral renal tumors is reviewed.
Comparative analysis of the volatile metabolomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nearly ubiquitous Gram-negative organism, well known to occupy a multitude of environmental niches and cause human infections at a variety of bodily sites, due to its metabolic flexibility, secondary to extensive genetic heterogeneity at the species level. Because of its dynamic metabolism and clinical importance, we sought to perform a comparative analysis on the volatile metabolome (the 'volatilome') produced by P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. In this study, we analyzed the headspace volatile molecules of 24 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates grown in vitro, using 2D gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). We identified 391 non-redundant compounds that we associate with the growth and metabolism of P. aeruginosa (the 'pan-volatilome'). Of these, 70 were produced by all 24 isolates (the 'core volatilome'), 52 by only a single isolate, and the remaining 269 volatile molecules by a subset. Sixty-five of the detected compounds could be assigned putative compound identifications, of which 43 had not previously been associated with P. aeruginosa. Using the accessory volatile molecules, we determined the inter-strain variation in the metabolomes of these isolates, clustering strains by their metabotypes. Assessing the extent of metabolomic diversity in P. aeruginosa through an analysis of the volatile molecules that it produces is a critical next step in the identification of novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.
Potent, Selective, Allosteric Inhibition of Human Plasmin by Sulfated Non-Saccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

Although plasmin inhibitors could be used in multiple disorders, their use has been restricted to preventing blood loss in hemostatic dysregulation because of poor efficacy and adverse effects of current agents. We reasoned that a new class of direct inhibitors that offer better efficacy, selectivity, and safety could be discovered by exploiting allosterism in plasmin, a protease homologous to other allosteric serine proteases. We report on the synthesis, biological activity, and mechanism of action of a group of small molecules, called non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics (NSGMs), as direct allosteric plasmin inhibitors. Our results show that distinct NSGMs selectively inhibit human full-length plasmin. The molecule inhibited clot lysis, alluding to its promise as an allosteric regulator of plasmin. We show that direct allosteric inhibition of plasmin could led to new antifibrinolytic agent(s) that may exhibit better efficacy, potency, selectivity, and safety in comparison to current therapy.
Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses

T cells play pivotal roles in shaping host immune responses in infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The activation of T cells requires immune and growth factor-derived signals. However, alterations in nutrients and metabolic signals tune T cell responses by impinging upon T cell fates and immune functions. In this review, we summarize how key nutrients, including glucose, amino acids and lipids, and their sensors and transporters shape T cell responses. We also briefly discuss regulation of T cell responses by oxygen and energy sensing mechanisms.
Metalinguistic negation and truth functions: The case of Egyptian Arabic

Metalinguistic negation (MN) is a specialized use of the negative operator where it functions as a device for registering an objection to a preceding utterance on any grounds other than its truth-conditional content. In this paper, I describe how MN is used in Egyptian Arabic, where it can be expressed differently from descriptive negation. Moreover, I discuss its language specific properties such as the use of an overt complementizer in a matrix clause, and propose two diagnostics for MN in this language: (a) it licenses double negation, an otherwise ungrammatical structure, and (b) it cannot be used emphatically. Negation in Egyptian Arabic is ambiguous only if the speaker suppresses the formal properties of MN to strengthen the double processing effect, so as to achieve certain communicative goals such as humor, surprise, and irony. Although there are two ways of expressing negation in Egyptian Arabic, I argue that there is only one negative operator, and that the different ways of expressing negation are a result of the grammaticalization of pragmatic functions. The facts about negation in Egyptian Arabic strongly support Horn's account of MN as non truth-functional, as the negated clause can be conjoined to its rectification without triggering a truth-functional, therefore contradictory, interpretation.
Lessons from Animals in Extreme Environments

Many animals perform highly refined visual tasks under a surprisingly diverse array of conditions. For some this requires contending with the dramatic refractive changes experienced when transitioning between vision in air and while under water. Others must identify and capture prey in near darkness. Arctic animals must find food while also avoiding predators and do so under conditions ranging from continuous summer daylight to continuous winter darkness. And still others visually spot and track prey while moving at speeds that rival Formula 1 race cars. These astonishing visual feats are accomplished with ocular systems that are not too far different than our own; however the adaptations they possess change ordinary into the extraordinary.
Long Noncoding RNA Facilitated Gene Therapy Reduces Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by severe elevations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and a 20-fold increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Although multiple causative genes have been identified, most FH cases are because of mutations in the LDLR , proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 , or apolipoprotein B genes.1 Recent studies suggest that many patients with FH fail to achieve optimal LDL-C reduction despite high-intensity statin use and the recent addition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors.1 Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is currently approved or in clinical trials for >80 human diseases, and to address the substantial gap in treatment for patients with severe FH, hepatic AAV-LDL receptor-based gene therapy is currently in phase II clinical trials. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs form the vast majority of transcriptionally active regions and are arbitrary defined as transcripts >200 bps that biochemically resemble mRNA and yet do not template protein.2 Although multiple lines of evidence implicate lncRNAs in a range of developmental processes and diseases, few lncRNA knockout studies have yielded robust phenotypes or demonstrated that proposed mechanisms are operational in vivo. Furthermore, lncRNA regulatory circuits have not been well explored for their potential therapeutic utility. We recently showed that the lncRNA liver-expressed liver X receptor-induced sequence ( LeXis ) orchestrates cross-talk between the liver X receptor and sterol regulatory element-binding protein transcription factors to maintain hepatic sterol content …
Gastroparesis, Postprandial Distress

Gastroparesis is a chronic symptomatic disorder of the stomach characterized by delayed emptying without evidence of mechanical obstruction. Symptoms from gastroparesis include nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness, and, in some patients, upper abdominal pain. The three main causes of gastroparesis are diabetic, postsurgical, and idiopathic. Management of gastroparesis includes assessment and correction of dehydration and malnutrition if present, maintaining nutritional intake, relief of symptoms, improvement of gastric emptying, and, in diabetics, glycemic control. Diet and nutrition should be managed by oral dietary modifications such as smaller meals, low-fat-containing meals, low-roughage-containing meals. Medical treatment entails use of prokinetic and antiemetic therapies. For refractory cases, jejunostomy feeding tube, gastric electric stimulator, and pyloromyotomy may need to be considered. Unfortunately, current approved treatment options do not adequately address clinical need. Attention should be given to the development of new effective therapies for symptomatic control.
Marketization as political technology: unintended consequences of climate finance in the Democratic Republic of Congo

AbstractClimate finance involves the transfer of money from advanced economies into developing countries in order to contribute to carbon mitigation or climate adaptation efforts while simultaneously advancing poverty alleviation and sustainable development objectives. Dominant carbon mitigation efforts resemble what Michel Callon calls ‘civilizing markets’, a deliberate harnessing of formal markets to achieve social goals by engaging with multiple political constituencies in market design. This paper looks at carbon marketization in the Democratic Republic of Congo and finds that, despite inclusive planning, climate finance experts produce unintended consequences by assigning social and environmental goals separate strategies within a national portfolio of climate finance interventions. Resulting from the challenges of finding commensurate criteria for measuring market impacts in both social and environmental domains, this programmatic segregation obscures the interconnections between poverty, forest use...
Sensing mechanism of ethanol and acetone at room temperature by SnO2 nano-columns synthesized by aerosol routes: theoretical calculations compared to experimental results

SnO2 is a semiconducting metal oxide that is broadly employed as the active sensing material in chemiresitive gas sensors. Recent studies demonstrated the capability of SnO2 sensors to detect various gases, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), at room temperature. To explore the sensing mechanism, the adsorption of ethanol and acetone on the SnO2 (110) and (101) surface facets is investigated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The role of surface oxygen defects, polarity of the VOC molecule, and pre-adsorbed oxygen species from the ambient atmosphere is explored. DFT results show that the direct adsorption of both ethanol and acetone on the (110) and the (101) surface facets is energetically favorable. The adsorption of both molecules is accompanied by the release of charge from the adsorbate gas to the surface, which promotes the sensing response. Binding strength of both molecules on the stoichiometric SnO2 (110) and (101) surfaces is greater than that on the oxygen defective surfaces. Ethanol adsorption is generally stronger than acetone due to the bipolar nature of the hydroxyl (OH) group that interacts with the surface via two distinct charge transfer modes. Minimal interaction takes place between the pre-adsorbed oxygen species (O2−) and the studied polar VOCs upon their adsorption on the reduced surfaces. Theoretical calculations are supplemented by sensing measurements for ethanol using SnO2 nanostructured thin film sensors fabricated by an aerosol chemical vapor deposition (ACVD) technique. Taken together, these results suggest that the sensing mechanism of SnO2 towards polar VOCs at room temperature can be explained by their direct adsorption on the surface rather than through their oxidation by means of ionosorbed oxygen species.
Introducing the Hex-a-ball, a Hybrid Locomotion Terrain Adaptive Walking and Rolling Robot

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Hex-A-Ball (HAB), a robot capable of hybridizing walking and rolling locomotion for improved adaptability, velocity, efficiency, and range of operation. The HAB is a hexapod robot with a spherical exoskeleton which uses its legs and a minimal set of actuators for both walking and rolling locomotion. This paper discusses the mechanical design of the HAB, and walking and rolling locomotion strategies.
Nanopowder Characterization: Challenges and Future Directions

This article summarizes the conclusions of a workshop organized at the National Institute of Standards and nobreak Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, October 4–5, 2001. The workshop was focused on the strengths and limitations of the techniques currently used for creating stable dispersions of nanoparticles and measuring the size distribution of powders in the nanosize range. Several emerging and alternative techniques with potential for use in particle size measurement in the nanometer range were advanced. Future needs for procedural and instrumental techniques and standards were identified.
Acquisition of Intercultural Data

Commonly, computer systems rely on data, in the proposed approach on intercultural data. This chapter shows numerical approaches to deducing intercultural data using emotional-, personality- and culture-related information. Additional information is acquired from colloquial information about a particular culture, for example, information about its traditions, rites and rituals.
Abstract TP424: Automated Detection of Lacunes in a Cohort of Patients Presenting With Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) impacts the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The majority of the available tools to quantify its burden relies on visua...