cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The central and peripheral opioid peptides. Their relationships and functions.

This review of the central and peripheral opioid systems from anatomic and functional perspectives, provides a basic understanding of how these systems are involved in behavior and in the normally functioning central nervous system.
Psychoanalysis and psychosis: the contribution of Edward Kempf.

This paper examines the psychoanalytic work of Dr. Edward J. Kempf. He introduced psychoanalysis in a deliberate self-conscious manner for the first time with psychotic patients in an American state hospital. The paper also discusses the work of Dr. Adolf Meyer and Dr. William A. White as it relates to Kempf.
The Efficacy of the Autopsy in Medical Quality Assurance

Autopsy is seen as the foundation of a pathology information service that possesses intrinsic value in the enhancement of medical care of the seriously ill. However, if it is to survive as a cost-effective consultative practice in the hospital setting, consideration must be given to the scientific principles of both information management and behavioral change strategies at the organizational level. The rationale for goals and the methodology are discussed.
Increased opening of blood-tumour barrier by leukotriene C4 is dependent on size of molecules

Intracarotid injections of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) will increase blood-tumour barrier (BTB) permeability for 14C aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in RG-2 tumours in rats. In this study, rats with RG-2 tumours were given 15 minute intracarotid infusions of LTC4 (5 micrograms total dose). Blood-tumour and BBB permeability were determined by quantitative autoradiography using different sized 14C tracers; AIB (103.1 daltons, radius = 2.8 A), Sucrose (342 daltons, radius = 5 A), Inulin (5000 daltons, radius = 15 A) and Dextran (70,000 daltons, radius = 60 A), respectively (n = 7 in each group). Permeability (Ki) within tumours for AIB, Sucrose and Inulin increased significantly after LTC4 infusion (92.7 +/- 15.0 vs 39.4 +/- 6.5, 47.8 +/- 5.2 vs 29.1 +/- 8.8, and 46.4 +/- 8.4 vs 26.4 +/- 4.8 microliters/gm/min, respectively, p < 0.01) (mean +/- SD). No significant change in Ki for 14C Dextran was observed. Increased permeability within tumours after LTC4 infusion is dependent on molecular size. This suggests that LTC4 opens tight junctions rather than increases vesicular transport through endothelial cells.
Death and Intergenerational Behavior: A Tale of Power and Immortality

On September 11, 2001, the United States faced its greatest modern tragedy. The airplane hijackings that led to crashes in New York City, Washington, DC, and western Pennsylvania shocked and horrified Americans. For weeks, millions of eyes were glued to televisions screening images of destruction, death, and fear, repeatedly watching the visuals of the airplanes careening into the World Trade Center towers, causing the epic and terrible collapse. As more than 3,000 people died as a result of those attacks, people across the globe were faced with the vulnerability of their own existence and the impendency and unpredictability of their own death. It was a time when people’s mortality awareness was heightened, arguably more so than any other time in recent history.1 In this chapter, we will discuss the manner in which mortality awareness, such as that elicited through the events of 9/11, can affect intergenerational behavior. We highlight the pro-social intergenerational effects that can emerge in the midst of tragic circumstances that lead to death awareness.
Isotonic Bayesian Graduation with an Additive Prior

Assume the mortality rate at age x + j−1 is q x +j−1 = 1− exp(−θj), j = l,…,k. Isotonic Bayesian graduation provides a Bayes estimator of θ 1 ,… ,θ k (and consequently, q x ,…,q x +k•i) under the assumption θ 1 < … < θ k . This is accomplished by specifying a prior distribution for which P(Θ1 < … < Θk) = 1. In a previous paper the prior was defined by where Y 1 …,Y k are independent. In this paper the Bayes estimator is developed using the prior The advantages are an easier specification of the prior parameters and shorter computational time.
Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation/Benzylation of H-Phosphinate Esters with Alcohols

The Pd-catalyzed direct alkylation of H-phosphinic acids and hypophosphorous acid with allylic/benzylic alcohols has been described previously. Here, the extension of this methodology to H-phosphinate esters is presented. The new reaction appears general, although its scope is narrower than with the acids, and its mechanism is likely different. Various alcohols are examined in their reaction with phosphinylidene compounds R¹R²P(O)H.
Full-duplex wireless communications using off-the-shelf radios: Feasibility and first results

We study full-duplex wireless communication systems where same band simultaneous bidirectional communication is achieved via cancellation of the self-interfering signal. Using off-the-shelf MIMO radios, we present experimental results that characterize the suppression performance of three self-interference cancellation mechanisms, which combine a different mix of analog and digital cancellation. Our experimental results show that while the amount of self-interference increases linearly with the transmitted power, the self-interference can be sufficiently cancelled to make full-duplex wireless communication feasible in many cases. Our experimental results further show that if the self-interference is cancelled in the analog domain before the interfering signal reaches the receiver front end, then the resulting full-duplex system can achieve rates higher than the rates achieved by a half-duplex system with identical analog resources.
Viewing complex scenes with error-buffered light fields

This paper describes a new method for view synthesis from previously generated images. The method considers each image to be a slice of an overall light field which describes radiance as a function of position and direction. Each slice is then mapped onto the viewing parameters of a new slice as an orthogonally projected, texture-mapped, deformed surface whose z-values correspond to the disparity between rays passing through a given pixel. As a result, the slice can be sent to a traditional z-buffered texture-mapping graphics pipeline, wherein each pixel's depth corresponds to its error Therefore the z-buffer will implicitly select for each pixel the best match. We call this technique error-buffering (or /spl epsi/-buffering).
On the integration of SIC and MIMO DoF for interference cancellation in wireless networks

Recent advances in MIMO degree-of-freedom (DoF) models allowed MIMO research to penetrate the networking community. Independent from MIMO, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is a powerful physical layer technique used in multi-user detection. Based on the understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of MIMO DoF and SIC, we propose to have DoF-based interference cancellation (IC) and SIC help each other so that (i) precious DoF resources can be conserved through the use of SIC and (ii) the stringent SINR threshold criteria can be met through the use of DoF-based IC. In this paper, we develop the necessary mathematical models to realize the two ideas in a multi-hop wireless network. Together with scheduling and routing constraints, we develop a cross-layer optimization framework with joint DoF IC and SIC. By applying the framework on a throughput maximization problem, we find that SIC and DoF IC can indeed work in harmony and achieve the two ideas that we propose.
The curious promiscuity of queen honeybees (Apis mellifera): Evolutionary and behavioral mechanisms

Even after considerable effort and debate, it remains unclear why honey bee queens frequently mate with 10 or more males. We address both why polyandry is adaptive to queens and how queens obtain such extreme numbers of mates. We review a manipulative experiment which tested the hypothesis that multiple mating reduces the genetic load caused by the honey bee sex determination system. Our results suggest that multiple mating (i.e., mating more than once) increases a queen’s fitness by lowering the probability that she produces a high proportion of inviable, diploid males within her brood. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between a queen’s mating behavior and her mating number. We propose that “extreme” polyandry in honey bees (i.e., mating numbers ≥ 10) may be inadvertent consequences of a queen’s mating behavior, therefore additional adaptive arguments are not needed to explain why honey bees have some of the highest mating numbers among the social insects.
Low Cost Space Based Monitoring of Forest Fires: An Overview of 2015-2016 Operational Experience of FIRESAT in the Basilicata Region

This article is focused on the FIRESAT methodology developed for and funded by the Protezione Civile of the Basilicata Region. The fire monitoring system is based on satellite free of charge data and developed for the dynamic estimation of vegetation fire susceptibility and fire impact in forest and non-forestry ecosystems. The purpose of this fire risk system is the timely (daily) and detailed (from 1 km down to 30 m) monitoring of the vegetation and meteorological conditions which can affect the proneness of vegetation to fire. FIRESAT provides operational monitoring tools for a systematic forest fire management from risk estimation to fire severity mapping, including the estimation of fire damage on hydro-geological risk and vegetation fire resilience.
Professional Reflections: The Alignment of Ignatian Pedagogy Principles with Jesuit Business School Education and Business Practices

The article explores the use of professional reflections in graduate business education. The article draws on effective classroom practices, as well as research on action learning and leadership. The article finds an alignment of Ignatian Pedagogy Principles with the empirical research on effective leadership in the business and public sector.
Genomes and the Protein Universe

We have now surveyed some of the principal methodological approaches of comparative genomics and the major evolutionary conclusions that can be inferred from genome comparisons. In this short chapter, we take a view of genomes from a different vantage point. We briefly describe the current understanding of the organization of the protein Universe and project it on genomes to reveal common and unique patterns.
Commingled Human Skeletal Assemblages: Integrative Techniques in Determination of the MNI/MNE

Determining the MNI for the large number of commingled human remains from Tell Abraq in the UAE (ca. 2000 bc) required recording of both individual bones and bone features. This provided data on what elements were represented as well as those that were underrepresented. For example, the MNI for adults is 274 based on the right talus but 150 based on the distal left humerus. Variation in element representation can reveal cultural practices (secondary burial practices) and taphonomic variables (differential preservation). This method of analysis demonstrates the utility of using bone features when there are a large number of fragmentary remains.
Alfalfa seed germination and yield ratio and alfalfa sprout microbial keeping quality following irradiation of seeds and sprouts.

Foods can be treated with gamma radiation, a nonthermal food process, to inactivate foodborne pathogens and fungi, to kill insects on or in fruits and vegetables, and to increase shelf life. Gamma irradiation is especially well suited for these treatments because of its ability to penetrate commercial pallets of foods. Irradiated fruits, vegetables, poultry, and hamburger have been received favorably by the public and are now available in supermarkets. The use of irradiation on fresh alfalfa sprouts was studied to determine its effect on keeping quality as related to aerobic microbial load. After an irradiation dose of 2 kGy, the total aerobic count decreased from 105–8 to 103–5 CFU/g, and the total coliform counts decreased from 105–8 to 103–0 CFU/g. The results showed that the sprouts maintained their structure after irradiation, and the keeping quality was extended to 21 days, which is an increase of 10 days from the usual shelf life. The effect of various doses of irradiation on alfalfa seeds as measu...
Three Definitions of Wisdom

Three of us at the NEH Institute formulated definitions having to do with wisdom. In this paper, I want to examine these definitions dialectically, exploring both the ways in which they agree and the ways in which they disagree. Where they disagree I shall seek to determine which, if any, provides the best account. My objective is to end up with a definition of wisdom that is maximally satisfactory.
Shrinking Poor White Life Spans and the Requirements of Justice.

The fundamental question motivating Erika Blacksher’s article, “Shrinking Poor White Life Spans: Class, Race, and Health Justice,” is how one ought ethically evaluate the life-span contraction seen...
Robust non-Hermitian sensors

We introduce a new design concept for non-Hermitian photonic that combine robustness with sensitivity and demonstrate its utility for sensing applications.
Experimental and modeling study of hex-5-en-1-yl radical pyrolysis at very high pressure and temperature

Abstract The pyrolysis of the hex-5-en-1-yl radical was studied with the use of 6-bromo-1-hexene as the precursor. Shock tube experiments were completed at high pressures (40, 100, and 200 bar) and temperatures (900 to 1450 K) with dilute mixtures of 6-bromo-1-hexene (approximately 160 ppm) to determine whether a variation of the experimental pressure has an effect on the product distribution, and whether high experimental pressures may lead to the formation of alkylcyclopentanes. Another set of experiments was completed using a higher concentration fuel mixture of 6-bromo-1-hexene (358 ppm) to determine whether the product distribution changes were caused by varying the experimental pressure, or the initial fuel concentration in the reaction zone. It was found that at the current experimental conditions the product distribution is sensitive to the initial fuel concentration. Among the major products observed in the current work were ethylene, propadiene, propyne, methane, acetylene, propene, diacetylene, vinylacetylene, 1,5-hexadiene, benzene, and cyclohexene. An additional set of experiments was also completed using 1,5-hexadiene as the fuel to determine whether 6-bromo-1-hexene pyrolysis might be dominated by HBr loss which would result in the formation of 1,5-hexadiene as the dominant initial product, but it was found not to be the case. A mechanism was generated using the Reaction Mechanism Generator with the JetSurF 2 mechanism as the seed mechanism in an attempt to model the current experimental data, but it was found to not be able to capture the benzene formation in the 6-bromo-1-hexene experiments. A reasonable prediction of the 6-bromo-1-hexene pyrolysis data was obtained with the mechanism if the fuel mixture used for simulations was composed of 50% 1,5-hexadiene and 50% hex-5-en-1-yl radical. Using purely hex-5-en-1-yl radical as the fuel for the simulations resulted in poor prediction of the experimental data for almost all the species, except for methane.
Lack of insurance as an independent predictor for poor outcome in post-radiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.

e17763 Background: Low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for increased mortality in patients with NPC in Southeast Asia. The United States has low NPC incidence. It remains unclear if lack of i...
Dynamics of animal joint space use: a novel application of a time series approach.

Animal use is a dynamic phenomenon, emerging from the movements of animals responding to a changing environment. Interactions between animals are reflected in patterns of joint space use, which are also dynamic. High frequency sampling associated with GPS telemetry provides detailed data that capture space use through time. However, common analyses treat joint space use as static over relatively long periods, masking potentially important changes. Furthermore, linking temporal variation in interactions to covariates remains cumbersome. We propose a novel method for analyzing the dynamics of joint space use that permits straightforward incorporation of covariates. This method builds upon tools commonly used by researchers, including kernel density estimators, utilization distribution intersection metrics, and extensions of linear models. We treat the intersection of the utilization distributions of two individuals as a time series. The series is linked to covariates using copula-based marginal beta regression, an alternative to generalized linear models. This approach accommodates temporal autocorrelation and the bounded nature of the response variable. Parameters are easily estimated with maximum likelihood and trend and error structures can be modeled separately. We demonstrate the approach by analyzing simulated data from two hypothetical individuals with known utilization distributions, as well as field data from two coyotes (Canis latrans) responding to appearance of a carrion resource in southern Texas. Our analysis of simulated data indicated reasonably precise estimates of joint space use can be achieved with commonly used GPS sampling rates (s.e.=0.029 at 150 locations per interval). Our analysis of field data identified an increase in spatial interactions between the coyotes that persisted for the duration of the study, beyond the expected duration of the carrion resource. Our analysis also identified a period of increased spatial interactions before appearance of the resource, which would not have been identified by previous methods. We present a new approach to the analysis of joint space use through time, building upon tools commonly used by ecologists, that permits a new level of detail in the analysis of animal interactions. The results are easily interpretable and account for the nuances of bounded serial data in an elegant way.
Nonlinear acoustic crack detection in thermoelectric wafers

Abstract An acoustic technique for detecting cracks in bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thermoelectric wafers is presented. The technique is based on mechanically exciting the wafers with a low frequency pump signal that drives a crack to “breathe” by opening and closing periodically and a high frequency probe signal that interrogates the breathing crack. Interaction between the pump signal, the probe signal, and the crack leads to generation of acoustic nonlinearities in the wafer. In contrast to existing acoustic crack detection techniques we utilize standing waves within the wafers to facilitate simultaneous crack detection throughout the wafer, which reduces the total inspection time; we do not require uniform dimensions and material properties between wafers; and we do not affix the transmitter/receiver to the wafers, which can lead to wafer damage. We present a technique that integrates multiple damage metrics to identify cracks within the wafers. We demonstrate the technique on 94 Bi2Te3 wafers, of which we correctly identify cracked wafers with 4.3% total error and we correctly identify crack-free wafers with 7.5% total error. This acoustic crack detection technique finds application in manufacturing of thermoelectric wafers and other materials, where identifying cracks early in the manufacturing process results in significant time and cost savings. Additionally, this acoustic crack detection technique has implications for other nondestructive inspection applications where cracks cannot be detected effectively through existing techniques.
Situating and Sequencing Quagmire: The Role of Simulation-Based Gaming in Preparing Students for Future Learning at Capitol Reef National Park, Utah

We assessed the efficacy of the educational simulation Quagmire to deliver curriculum focused on park and protected area management in a time of record visitor use. Specifically, our study evaluate...
Representation ring of Levi subgroups versus cohomology ring of flag varieties II

Abstract For any reductive group G and a parabolic subgroup P with its Levi subgroup L, the first author in [5] introduced a ring homomorphism ξ λ P : Rep λ − poly C ( L ) → H ⁎ ( G / P , C ) , where Rep λ − poly C ( L ) is a certain subring of the complexified representation ring of L (depending upon the choice of an irreducible representation V ( λ ) of G with highest weight λ). In this paper we study this homomorphism for G = Sp ( 2 n ) and its maximal parabolic subgroups P n − k for any 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 (with the choice of V ( λ ) to be the defining representation V ( ω 1 ) in C 2 n ). Thus, we obtain a C -algebra homomorphism ξ n , k : Rep ω 1 − poly C ( Sp ( 2 k ) ) → H ⁎ ( I G ( n − k , 2 n ) , C ) . Our main result asserts that ξ n , k is injective when n tends to ∞ keeping k fixed. Similar results are obtained for the odd orthogonal groups.
Life Cycle Assessment and Technoeconomic Analysis of Thermochemical Conversion Technologies Applied to Poultry Litter with Energy and Nutrient Recovery

Thermochemical technologies provide promising pathways to recover energy and reduce environmental impacts from biomass wastes. Poultry manure or litter additionally provides an opportunity for reco...
Fluoroscopy: An essential diagnostic modality in the age of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging

Fluoroscopy: An essential diagnostic modality in the age of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging
Barrierless melt nucleation at solid-solid interface in energetic nitramine octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine

Abstract The present work aims to investigate the barrierless nucleation of a molten interface at solid-solid phase boundary, significantly below melting temperature during solid-solid phase transformations (PTs) in energetic nitramine octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine by utilizing a thermodynamically consistent multiphase phase-field model. The instability conditions for barrierless PTs have been presented for each phase and the effect of finite barrier term characterizing the interaction of two solid-melt interfaces on the different instability conditions are analyzed for some critical conditions. Additionally, barrierless melt nucleation has been studied for the different range of nanoscale material parameters and temperature which reveals nontrivial interaction of interfaces. Similar phenomena are expected to occur during PTs in pharmaceutical, ferroelectric, colloidal, and superhard materials.
Data analytics in nursing education: Trended Tracking matters for theory, research, and practice

Abstract Given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on every aspect of life, nursing programs and faculty will need to track, trend, and compare student data and outcomes via various trajectory pathways and consider the many variables influencing student retention, academic progression, and success in new and different ways. Trending and connecting data in context with the “big picture” of student retention and success alongside up-close deeper analyses can be overwhelming without a map, clear definitions, and a guiding theoretical framework. This article presents three updated resources applicable across degree programs, formats, and settings: a trajectory pathway map, key definitions, and Jeffreys's Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model. The intent is to concisely highlight resources, introduce tips and recommendations, and stimulate new ideas for connecting trended tracking data with theory, research, and practice.
Using the specification curve to teach spatial data analysis and explore geographic uncertainties

Educational materials focused on spatial data analysis often feature mathematical descriptions of methods and step-by-step instructions of software tools, but infrequently discuss the set of decisi...
A 22-Year Analysis of the Society for Vascular Surgery Foundation Mentored Research Career Development Award in Fostering Vascular Surgeon-Scientists.

Abstract Objective Vascular surgeon scientists shape the future of our specialty through rigorous scientific investigation and innovation in clinical care as well as train the next generation of surgeon-scientists. The Society for Vascular Surgery Foundation (SVSF) supports the development of surgeon-scientists through the Mentored Research Career Development Award (SVSF-CDA) Program, providing supplemental funds to recipients of NIH K08/K23 grants. The ongoing success of this mission was evaluated. Methods Curriculum vitae of the 41 recipients of the SVSF supplemental funding between 1999-2021 were collected and reviewed to evaluate academic achievements to define the programmatic accomplishments, return on investment, and to identify areas for strategic improvement. Results For nearly 22 years, the SVSF awarded supplemental funds for 31 K08 and 10 K23 grants to SVS members from 32 institutions. Thirty-four have completed K-funding while 7 are still being supported. Eleven (27%) awardees have been female including 6 (75%) of the current awardees. However, there has only been little ethnic/racial diversity in the program. Awardees obtained K-funding approximately 4 years after becoming faculty. Eleven awardees (27%) were supported by Howard Hughes, NIH F32, or T32 grants during training. To date, the SVSF has committed $12 million to the SVSF-CDA Program. Among the 34 who have completed their K-funding, 21 (62%) successfully obtained NIH R01, Veterans Affairs, or Department of Defense funding. The awardees have secured over $114M in federal funding, representing a 9.5-fold financial return on investment for the SVSF. In addition to research endeavors, 11 awardees (27%) hold endowed professorships and 19 (46%) have secured tenure at their institutions. Many of the awardees hold or have held leadership positions including 18 (44%) Division Chiefs, 11 (27%) Program Directors, 5 (12%) Chairs of Departments of Surgery, and one (2%) Dean. Eleven (27%) have served as president of a regional or national society and 24 (59%) participate in NIH study sections. Of the 34 who have completed their K-funding, 15 (44%) continue to maintain active independent research funding. Conclusion The SVSF-CDA Program is highly effective in the development of vascular surgeon-scientists who contribute to the leadership and growth of academic vascular surgery with a 9.5-fold return on investment. The number of female awardees has increased in recent years but ethnic/racial diversity remains poor. Despite the fact that 62% successfully transitioned to federal funding, less than half remained funded over time. Retention in research and increasing diversity for the awardees are major concerns and are important areas of strategic focus for the SVSF.
Mechanism of the Conformational Change in Fluorescein 5′-Isothiocyanate-Modified Na + /K + ATPase

It is generally agreed that conformational changes explain both coupling of transport to ATP hydrolysis (16) and the physical translocation of Na+ and K+ ions by sodium pump (12). Karlish reported 15 years ago at the IInd Annual Conference on the Sodium Pump (10) that a conformational change can be studied by chemically modifying the enzyme with fluorescein S′-isothiocyanate (FITC). He showed that the time course of the reaction can be followed with a stopped-flow instrument, and he proposed that the reaction reported by fluorescein is a rate-limiting conformational change in dephosphoenzyme (11). Subsequent studies of the conformational change in dephosphoenzyme using fluorescein and other reporter groups have been reviewed by Glynn (6).
Comparisons among experimentally induced obesity syndromes

Numerous procedures have been developed to induce overeating and body weight gains in experimental animals. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine the extent of the similarity and difference among five obesity "syndromes. In Experiment 1, female rats received either ventromedial hypo­ thalamic (VMM) lesions, parasagittal knife cuts, ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNB) lesions, ovariectomy, or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) injection. Measurements of food intake, diurnal patterns of intake, ovarian cycling, body weight gain, and adiposity were obtained. All treatments induced overeating, and increments in both body weight, and adiposity. Quantitatively and qualitatively, the syndromes displayed by VMH lesioned and knife cut rats were highly similar. Both groups overate during both the light and dark cycle. In contrast, VNB lesioned rats overate only during the dark cycle whereas 5,7-DHT rats overate only during the light cycle. Ovariectomized rats showed only slight increases in food consumption, body weight gain, and adiposity. In Experiment 2, female rats received either VMH lesions, knife cuts, VNB lesions, or ovariectomy and were maintained on a restricted availability feeding schedule. VMH lesioned, knife cut, and VNB lesioned rats that were not permitted to gain more body weight than control rats accumulated more fat than either ovariectomized or control rats. The results of these experiments suggest that the obesity syndromes induced by hypothalamic damage may, in part, represent dysfunctions of
Office Evaluaton of Male Infertility

Until recently, male investigation has been marginalized secondary to the publication of uncontrolled studies with conflicting results and recommendations, along with underlying social prejudice relating male infertility to sexual dysfunction. To many, this evaluation begins and ends with a single test—the semen analysis. The explosion of molecular biology and basic and clinical knowledge of mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization are leading factors in the emergence of andrology as a subspecialty of urology that focuses on male sexual and reproductive health (1,2).
The Magnetic Charge

Suppose that the unbroken symmetry group H is a connected one-parameter group. Then H = U(1), since that is the only connected one-dimensional compact Lie group. (H is compact because it is a closed subspace of the compact topological space G.)
Cyclosilthianes : I. Stereoisomers of phenylmethylcyclosilthianes☆

Abstract trans -1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisilthiane (I) was prepared by treating methylphenyldichlorosilane with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of pyridine. Compound(I) exists in the boat form in the solid state. Rapidly interconverting twist boat or boat forms and possibly chair forms of (I) are believed to be present in solution on the basis of PMR data. Upon distillation at reduced pressure, (I) is converted into an equimolar mixture of cis and trans isomers of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenylcyclodisilthiane (II), and (III). One of these isomers was isolated by recrystallization from solution. The interconversion of the cis,trans -isomers (II) and (III) was found to be complete in 30 min at 179° in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The interconversion of cyclosilthianes (I), (II), and (III) in solution was studied by NMR.
Listening and the Voiceless

To be invited to Mississippi to listen to such fine papers and good conversation is a rare treat. Listening, I am afraid, is not usually part of the daily regimen of the law professor. But listening, talking and reading with care and skill is what most impresses me about the participants in this conference.
Pressure Oscillations Induced by Forced Convection Heating of Dense Hydrogen

This investigation is an extension of a previous publication [1] of pressure oscillations induced by forced convective heating of dense hydrogen. Among the pressure oscillations reported in that investigation were some which had the characteristics of Helmholtz modes and the harmonics of a pipe open at both ends. These oscillations are described as thermal-acoustic modes because their frequencies can be referred to acoustic frequencies. They can occur at sub and supercritical pressures, and in single and multiple channels. They only appeared when hydrogen entered a horizontal heated test section at a temperature below the saturated liquid temperature at subcritical pressures or below the temperatures at which specific heat is a maximum at supercritical pressures. Hydrogen in these states is referred to as dense hydrogen. Another experimentally determined condition for the appearance of thermal-acoustic oscillations was an intense heat flux during film boiling of the dense hydrogen. Consequently, the flow was usually gaseous along 80 to 90% of the length of the test section used in this investigation.
Seeing is believing: novel imaging techniques help clarify microbial nanowire structure and function.

Summary Novel imaging approaches have recently helped to clarify the properties of ‘microbial nanowires’. Geobacter sulfurreducens pili are actual wires. They possess metallic-like conductivity, which can be attributed to overlapping pi-pi orbitals of key aromatic amino acids. Electrostatic force microscopy recently confirmed charge propagation along the pili, in a manner similar to carbon nanotubes. The pili are essential for long-range electron transport to insoluble electron acceptors and interspecies electron transfer. Previous claims that Shewanella oneidensis also produce conductive pili have recently been recanted, based on novel live-imaging studies. The putative pili are, in fact, long extensions of the cytochrome-rich outer membrane and periplasm that, when dried, collapse to form filaments with dimensions similar to pili. It has yet to be demonstrated whether the cytochrome-to-cytochrome electron hopping documented in the dried membrane extensions takes place in intact hydrated membrane extensions or whether the membrane extensions enhance electron transport to insoluble electron acceptors such as Fe(III) oxides or electrodes. These findings demonstrate that G. sulfurreducens conductive pili and the outer membrane extensions of S. oneidensis are fundamentally different in composition, mechanism of electron transport and physiological role. New methods for evaluating filament conductivity will facilitate screening the microbial world for nanowires and elucidating their function.
Fulminant Hepatic Failure in an Adult Patient With Giant-Cell Hepatitis.

Giant-cell hepatitis is most commonly found in neonates and rarely seen in the adult population. Diagnosis in adult cases is often difficult to make, as the presentation and etiologies vary. The disease can progress to fulminant hepatitis, necessitating liver transplantation, in some cases.
Effects of Mitomycin C and Thymidine Deprivation on Lysogenic and Sensitive Strains of Bacillus megaterium

A triple auxotroph of Bacillus megaterium strain KM was lysogenized with a phage suspension from B. megaterium 899a. The lysogenic and phage-sensitive derivatives of KM were found to die at the same exponential rate during thymineless incubation, despite the fact that the lysogenic strain became induced. The lysogenic strain was also induced by mitomycin C, and died at an exponential rate which was approximately twice that of the sensitive strain. With both strains, the lethality of mitomycin C was the same in the presence and absence of thymidine; thymidine was required for maximal phage production. Mitomycin C preferentially inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis of both strains for the first 60 min. The (DNA) synthetic ability of the lysogenic strain was subsequently restored, due to phage production. Since there was no evidence that sensitive strains of KM contained other inducible elements (prophage or probacteriocins), it is concluded that both thymineless death and mitomycin C death can occur via mechanisms not involving induction.
Weak convergence of probabilities on nonseparable metric spaces and empirical measures on Euclidean spaces

It is known that under certain mild set-theoretic assumptions, a finite, countably additive measure defined on all Borel sets of a metric space is concentrated in a separable subspace (Marczewski and Sikorski [8]). However, there are interesting probability measures on metric spaces not concentrated in separable subspaces. In this paper, we consider countably additive probability measures on the smallest σ-field containing the open balls of a metric space. This σ-field is the Borel field for a separable space, but is smaller in general. A probability measure on it need not be confined to a separable subspace.
Emasculation as empowerment: lessons of beaver lore for two Italian humanists

In the sixteenth century, two Italian humanists, Paolo Giovio and Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio, included in their imprese (personalised emblems) a portrayal of a beaver gnawing off its testicles. Since the impresa was intended to express something distinctive about its bearer, their choice of the beaver suggests that they conceived of their own masculinity in ways that seem counterintuitive. The present essay traces the story of the beaver's sacrifice to Antiquity, both classical and early Christian, and surveys the diverse interpretations of it up through the early-modern period. It details the wide constellation of meanings attached to the beaver in influential compendia of knowledge written around the time that Giovio and Bonifacio flourished, including Conrad Gesner's History of Quadrupeds and Pierio Valeriano's Hieroglyphica. Finally, it assesses how the appropriation of the beaver may have made particular sense, for different reasons, to Giovio and to Bonifacio. While these cases exemplify how anim...
Cantor ring arrays

We present a new class of fractal ring arrays we denote Cantor ring arrays based on a polyadic Cantor set with a number of design variables. When thinned, these arrays have a performance that is superior to their periodic counterparts and appear similar to or better than their random counterparts for a moderate number of elements. Cantor ring arrays have distinctive subfractal, fractal and superfractal radiation regimes whose boundaries are predicted by the array geometry. The fractal geometry of the array makes its presence felt in the fractal regime only and controls the sidelobes.
Plasma carotenoid concentrations of incubating American kestrels (Falco sparverius) show annual, seasonal, and individual variation and explain reproductive outcome

In wild birds, the proximate and ultimate factors that affect circulating carotenoid concentrations remain poorly understood. We studied variation in plasma carotenoid concentrations across several scales: annual, seasonal, pair, territory and individual, and evaluated whether carotenoid levels explained reproductive outcome of wild American kestrels (Falco sparverius). We sampled plasma carotenoid concentrations of 99 female and 80 male incubating kestrels from April-June in 2008-2012. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were explained by an interaction between year and sex, date, and random effects for pair and individual identity. In general, plasma carotenoid concentrations of males were significantly higher than females, but this depended on year. Within a breeding season, earlier nesting kestrels had higher carotenoid concentrations than later nesting kestrels, a pattern that is coincident with seasonal trends in local fitness. Pair and individual identity explained variation in carotenoid concentrations suggesting that carotenoid concentrations of mated birds were correlated, and some individuals consistently maintained higher carotenoid levels than others. Male carotenoid concentrations were positively associated with number of young fledged per pair. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that higher quality individuals have higher carotenoid levels compared to lower quality individuals, despite annual variations in carotenoid availability.
Congruence of Self and Others' Leadership Ratings of Naval Officers for Understanding Successful Performance

Self-rated leadership behaviour (transformational, transactional, laissez-faire), was obtained for a representative, random sample of 155 U.S. Navy surface fleet officers in parallel to the leadership descriptions for the same dimensions provided by the officers' senior subordinates. In addition, Navy records completed by the officers' superiors provided performance and promotion data that were indexed as appraisals of the officers' success. The self-ratings of leadership behaviour tended to be inflated in comparison to subordinates' ratings, but the more successful officers were less likely to inflate their self-described leadership behaviour. A possible explanation for this effect is that subordinates' descriptions of leadership were significantly related to superiors' ratings of performance and promotion, but self-ratings of leadership were not associated with these measures. Thus, congruence of self and others' ratings was related to successful performance. On a obtenu d'un echantillon representatif tire au hasard de 155 officiers de la flotte de surface de la Marine Americaine l'autoevaluation de leur comportement de leadership (transformationnel, transactionnel et laisser-faire) en meme temps que les descriptions des memes dimensions de leadership fournies par leurs subordonnes immediats. En outre, des notations provenant des superieurs apporterent sur les performances et les promotions des donnees qui ont ete apprehendees comme estimations des reussites des officiers. Les auto-evaluations du comportement de leadership avaient tendance aetre excessives en comparaison des jugements des subordonnes, mais les officiers qui reussissaient le mieux presentaient une moindre probabilite d'exagerer l'autodescription de leur comportement de leadership. Une explication possible de ce fait est que les descriptions du leadership par les subordonnes etaient significativement correlees aux evaluations des performances et des promotions par les superieurs, mais que les auto-evaluations du leadership n'etaient pas liees a ces mesures. Ainsi, la conformite des auto- et hetero-evaluations etait en rapport avec le succes.
Laboratory measurements of the 3.7-20 cm wavelength opacity of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide under simulated conditions for the deep atmosphere of Venus

Abstract In the past two decades, multiple observations of Venus have been made at X-Band (3.6 cm) using the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), and maps have been created of the 3.6 cm emission from Venus (see, e.g., Devaraj, K. [2011]. The Centimeter- and Millimeter-Wavelength Ammonia Absorption Spectra under Jovian Conditions. PhD Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA). Since the emission morphology is related both to surface features and to deep atmospheric absorption from CO2 and SO2 (see, e.g., Butler, B.J., Steffes, P.G., Suleiman, S.H., Kolodner, M.A., Jenkins, J.M. [2001]. Icarus 154, 226–238), knowledge of the microwave absorption properties of sulfur dioxide in a carbon dioxide atmosphere under conditions for the deep atmosphere of Venus is required for proper interpretation. Except for a single measurement campaign conducted at a single wavelength (3.2 cm) over 40 years ago (Ho, W., Kaufman, I.A., Thaddeus, P. [1966]. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 5091–5108), no measurements of the centimeter-wavelength properties of any Venus atmospheric constituent have been conducted under conditions characteristic of the deep atmosphere (pressures from 10 to 92 bars and temperatures from 400 to 700 K). New measurements of the microwave properties of SO2 and CO2 at wavelengths from 3.7 to 20 cm have been conducted under simulated conditions for the deep atmosphere of Venus, using a new high-pressure system. Results from this measurement campaign conducted at temperatures from 430 K to 560 K and at pressures up to 92 bars are presented. Results indicate that the model for the centimeter-wavelength opacity from pure CO2 (Ho, W., Kaufman, I.A., Thaddeus, P. [1966]. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 5091–5108), is valid over the entire centimeter-wavelength range under simulated conditions for the deep atmosphere of Venus. Additionally, the laboratory results indicate that both of the models for the centimeter-wavelength opacity of SO2 in a CO2 atmosphere from Suleiman et al. (Suleiman, S.H., Kolodner, M.A., Steffes, P.G. [1996]. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 4623–4635) and from Fahd and Steffes (Fahd, A.K., Steffes, P.G. [1992]. Icarus 97, 200–210) can reliably be used under conditions of the deep atmosphere of Venus.
‘Be amorous but be chaste...': sexual morality in Byzantine learned and vernacular romance

Tales of love and romance, although love stories were regarded of less account than other literary themes, had always been a part of the literature of ancient Greece:‘;There never was a time in the...
Prostate cancer screening among ethnically diverse first-degree relatives of prostate cancer cases.

OBJECTIVE This study examined potential ethnic differences in prostate cancer screening behavior and correlates of screening in an ethnically diverse sample of first-degree relatives of prostate cancer cases. METHODS The California Cancer Registry was used to identify a sample of prostate cancer cases who were contacted and invited to refer male first-degree relatives to the study. Telephone surveys with 1,029 first-degree relatives (354 non-Latino Whites, 228 Latinos, 272 African Americans, 175 Asians) assessed prostate cancer screening behavior and correlates of screening. RESULTS Less than half of the participants had received a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in the past year, with lowest rates observed among Latinos. Factors independently associated with an increased likelihood of the PSA test receipt in the total sample included: prior PSA testing, having a physician recommendation to be screened, and reporting fewer barriers to screening. Being the brother versus the son of the case predicted a higher likelihood of screening for all ethnic groups except for African Americans. In addition, the negative influence of barriers on screening was significantly greater for Latinos compared with Asians. CONCLUSIONS Although ethnicity was not an independent predictor of screening, ethnic variations were observed in the relationship between some predictors and screening and in the modifiable correlates of screening. Findings may inform future intervention research that aims to enhance informed decision-making regarding prostate cancer screening and ultimately reduce prostate cancer health disparities.
Metamathematical extensibility for theorem verifiers and proof-checkers☆

Abstract Informal mathematical reasoning has a strong metamathematical component, which is used to expand the rules of proof once theorems which (informally) justify such expansion have been proved. For use of mechanised proof verifier systems to remain comfortable over a wide range of applications, they will have to include corresponding mechanisms. This paper formalizes these mechanisms, and also shows how verifier systems can be expanded by the progressive compilation of additional internal routines but without loss of logical soundness.
Conversion gain and noise of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ weak-link mixers

Microwave mixing and parametric conversion in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ microbridges were investigated. The devices have been operated as down-converters, converting a 20-GHz radio frequency to a 1.5-GHz intermediate frequency under the action of an 18.5-GHz local oscillator. The microbridges were fabricated both as granular films on MgO substrates possessing grain boundary weak links and as epitaxial films deposited over substrate steps in LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates. The authors have measured conversion gains as high as -8+or-4 dB when mixing on the nonlinear resistive (superconducting-normal) transition and as high as -30 to -40 dB when parametrically converting via the nonlinear inductance of the bridge at bias currents less than the critical current. Output referred noise powers as low as -206 dB/Hz (3*10/sup -21/ W/Hz) have been measured. In some samples, noise switching events were observed. >