cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Note-taking and Handouts in The Digital Age.

Most educators consider note-taking a critical component of formal classroom learning. Advancements in technology such as tablet computers, mobile applications, and recorded lectures are altering classroom dynamics and affecting the way students compose and review class notes. These tools may improve a student’s ability to take notes, but they also may hinder learning. In an era of dynamic technology developments, it is important for educators to routinely examine and evaluate influences on formal and informal learning environments. This paper discusses key background literature on student note-taking, identifies recent trends and potential implications of mobile technologies on classroom note-taking and student learning, and discusses future directions for note-taking in the context of digitally enabled lifelong learning.
Birthing with Doulas: The Embodied Birth Experience

It has already been established that doulas play three overarching roles in the childbirth process in terms of education, support, and advocacy. There are a plethora of training books, articles, and online resources that describe the techniques that doulas use when they interact with their clients. These resources attempt to articulate the practical application of the craft of doulas. However, the following chapters are different. These next two chapters endeavor to not only describe what doulas do in the process of supporting, educating, and advocating for women but, more importantly, understand why it is important to the doulas and the women they serve.
How we categorize objects is related to how we remember them: The shape bias as a memory bias.

Abstract The “shape bias” describes the phenomenon that, after a certain point in development, children and adults generalize object categories based on shape to a greater degree than other perceptual features. The focus of research on the shape bias has been to examine the types of information that learners attend to in one moment in time. The current work takes a different approach by examining whether learners’ categorical biases are related to their retention of information across time. In three experiments, children’s (N = 72) and adults’ (N = 240) memory performance for features of objects was examined in relation to their categorical biases. The results of these experiments demonstrated that the number of shape matches chosen during the shape bias task significantly predicted shape memory. Moreover, children and adults with a shape bias were more likely to remember the shape of objects than the color and size of objects. Taken together, this work suggests that the development of a shape bias may engender better memory for shape information.
Processing performance of extruded wood–polymer composites

Publisher Summary This chapter explains that the extrusion process of Natural Fiber-Thermoplastic Composites (NFTCs) deviates substantially from traditional polymer extrusion in a variety of ways. Changes in the rheological behavior with highly filled systems, the thermally unstable nature of wood and other natural fibers (lignocellulosic material), the chemical and morphological differences within fiber types and species all play a major role in how the composites are produced. Extrusion processing has captured most of the Wood-Polymer Composite (WPC) market, primarily with decking, guardrail, and fencing materials, and therefore has been the main interest for most of the present manufacturers and will be the main emphasis of the chapter. One of the key principles for any type of NFTC processing method is the distribution and dispersion of the natural fiber into the polymer matrix. Natural fibers and thermoplastic resins have very little affinity for each other. Non-polar hydrophobic thermoplastics and polar hydrophilic natural fibers require added energy to homogeneously mix the two components. Dispersion can be enhanced through coupling and dispersing agents; however, melt blending through mechanical mixing is the primary method of creating a homogeneous composite.
Collective Action Frames, Advocacy Organizations, and Protests Over Same-Sex Marriage

Although new theories of collective action in the contemporary media environment have provided an expanded view of the structure of action, important questions remain. These questions include how action frames flow between advocacy organizations and individuals on social media, especially in cases in which organizations do not initiate collective action. To address this question, we used Granger tests to analyze roughly 800,000 tweets about a competing boycott and buycott campaign that occurred in 2012. We found that the conversation about the campaigns began postbureaucratically (i.e., through citizen networks). Although organizations’ involvement was associated with increased citizen attention to the campaigns, the organizations neither adopted nor influenced citizen frames on the issue. We view this as an illustration of the variable and sometimes unpredictable role of organizations in communication about collective action today.
Race/Ethnicity, Religiosity and Differences and Similarities in American Adolescents’ Substance Use

The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which religiosity “protects” young people of color from substance use, as past research suggests that it protects white youth. Consistent with the findings of previous research, based on predominantly white samples, we found statistically and substantively significant inverse relationships between measures of religiosity and substance use for African American, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Other Latin American, Asian American, and Native American young people.
Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors and Fundamentals

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has advantages, such as lower water use and higher volumetric productivity, over those of submerged fermentation. As a result, SSF technology has drawn increasing attention in the past few decades. In this chapter, different types of SSF bioreactors, including tray, packed-bed, rotating/stirred-drum, fluidized-bed, rocking-drum, and stirred-aerated bioreactors, are discussed. Progress in reactor design, heat and mass transfer, and operational strategies are reviewed. Growth of microorganisms in SSF is also discussed in terms of classification, modeling, and effects on the performance of SSF. Two major challenges in industrial applications of SSF, namely heat transfer on a large scale and quantitative characterization of fungal growth, are also discussed. Future research and development of SSF should focus on high-value fermentation products that can be economically feasible on a relatively small scale. Also, online nondestructive detection methods are desired for the characterization and control of organism growth during SSF processes.
“The Cataclysm We All Remember”: Haunting and Spectral Trauma in the First World War Supernatural Stories of H. D. Everett

ABSTRACTWhile there has been increased interest in women's writing from the First World War, there has been less critical attention devoted to the development of the First World War short story, especially supernatural short fiction from the war. This article combines each of these avenues for studying First World War literature—the female perspective, the short-story form and the supernatural—by examining the First World War supernatural fiction of Henrietta Dorothy Everett. “Over the Wires” (1920), “The Whispering Wall” (1916) and “A Perplexing Case” (1920) each highlight the supernatural as a means of coping with wartime trauma and grief. In stories that center on war crimes, ancestral ghosts and shell shock, Everett gives readers a unique female perspective on the aftermath of war, as these stories concern how those on both the home front and the battlefield experience mysterious supernatural events that reflect the often inexplicable and unpredictable nature of war.
Use of allergen sensitization and cotinine tests to predict high risk asthma in urban children

Introduction: Biomarkers for environmental allergens (RAST) and second hand smoke (SHS) exposure (Cotinine) are useful in predicting high risk asthma but infrequently used in children. Objective: To examine the association of RAST and cotinine biomarkers with symptom frequency,emergency department (ED) and medication use in children with asthma. Methods: 150 children with persistent asthma were enrolled in an environmental intervention. All children received RAST (R) and salivary cotinine (COT) testing. Frequency of symptoms and ED visits based on parent report and medication fills based on pharmacy records. +RAST: >1/10 positive allergens. + Cot > 1.0 ng/ml. Children categorized by R and Cot results: - R/-Cot, -R/+Cot, + R/-Cot and +R/+Cot. Chi-square, ANOVA and multivariate models used to predict asthma outcomes. Results: Most children were male (64%), African American (95%) with mean age of 6.4 (SD2.7) years. Caregivers had mean age of 31.4 (SD7.3) years and 41% smoked. Most children had +R/+cot (43%). Negative RAST was noted in 19% (-R/-cot: 7%; -R/+cot: 12%). Mean symptom nights were significantly higher in the –R/+Cot (12.87 nights) vs. all other groups (–R/-Cot: 6.0, +R/-Cot: 8.23, +R/+Cot: 5.83 nights, p=0.05). R/Cot groups did not differ by mean number symptom days, controller fills, HEDIS ratios, or ED visits. Multivariate analysis indicated the interaction of +R and + Cot was significantly associated with higher symptom nights (p=0.03) rather than either positive test alone (p=0.29, 0.25). Conclusions: Biomarkers for allergen sensitization and SHS exposure should be examined in children with persistent asthma to identify high risk children and target environmental interventions.
Abstract 3177:In vitrocellular inflammation caused by Caco2BBE and HepG2 cells secreted exosomes

Background: In colon cancer, the majority of metastatic cells end up in the liver. In order to elucidate metastasis migration, a possible road of investigation may lie in exosomes, a biological nanoparticle. Usually, exosomes range from 80-150 nm and medicate cell-to-cell communication. Additionally, exosomes house up to hundred proteins, oligonucleotides, lipids, and receptors that may contribute to affecting the inflammatory response in cancer cell lines. The aim of the study is to show preferential uptake of Caco2BBE exosomes by HepG2 cells under an inflammatory stimulus. Whereas Caco2BBE cells prohibits HepG2 exosomes uptake under an inflammatory stimulus. Methods: Exosomes was isolated by differential centrifugation from Caco2BBE, HepG2, and Raw 264.7 cell culture media stimulated with and without 10 ug/mL of LPS. Once collected, exosomes were characterized for size and charge by dynamic light scatter (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microcopy (TEM). Additional characterization of exosomes included toxicity as well as fluorescent microscopy to explore the specificity of Coumarin-6 labelled exosomes (C-6 Exo). Finally, the biological effects of exosomes on inflammatory markers in vitro were examined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Results: The different measurements of exosomes size indicates an average diameter of 70-100 nm. Additionally, the exosomes extracted from each cells were not toxic to any cells. Interestingly, the uptake of C-6 Exo showed a striking find that Caco2BBE cells uptake HepG2 extracted exosomes under normal conditions. Whereas LPS stimulation of Caco2BBE cells prohibits the uptake of HepG2 exosomes. Then conversely, HepG2 cells were taking up Caco2BBE extracted exosomes when stimulated with LPS. These findings correlate with Western blot and RT-qPCR data that shows up-regulation of IL-6, TNFα, and MMP9 by Caco2BBE exosomes on HepG2 cells. Again, the LPS stimulation on HepG2 cells treated with Caco2BBE exosomes causes decrease of IL-6, TNFα, MMP9, and NF-κB. Conclusions: The characterization of these exosomes showed about 100 nm non-toxic particles that effect IL-6, TNF-α, MMP9, and NFκB on HepG2 cells treated with Caco2BBE exosomes. These effects on inflammatory markers mediate the uptake of these exosomes and especially with an inflammatory stimulation such as LPS, which can either prohibit or promote this process. Together, our data could lead to understanding the role of exosomes on the translocation of metastatic cells to the liver and could open a new therapeutics option. Citation Format: Jenniffer L. Stetler, Brandon SB Canup, Russell P. Puckett, XiangXiao Meng, Ma Qiang, Hamed Laroui. In vitro cellular inflammation caused by Caco2BBE and HepG2 cells secreted exosomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3177. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3177
A Sharp and Strict L p -Inequality for Stochastic Integrals

Let (Ω, F, P) be a complete probability space and (F t )t ≥ 0 a nondecreasing right-continuous family of sub-σ-fields of F where F 0 contains all A ∈ F with P(A) = 0. Suppose that M = (M t )t ≥ 0 is a real martingale adapted to (F t )t ≥ 0 such that almost all of the paths of M are right-continuous on [0, ∞) and have left limits on (0, ∞). Let V = (V t )t ≥ 0 be a predictable process with values in [−1, 1] and denote by N= V∙ M the stochastic integral of V with respect to M: N is an adapted right-continuous process with left limits on (0, ∞) such that $${N_t} = \int_{\left[ {0,\,t} \right]} {{V_s}\,d{M_s}} \,a.s.$$
More than a name: Spanish-speaking youth articulating bilingual identities

ABSTRACTThis article explores how middle school Latina/o youth articulate their intersecting language identities as part of larger institutional and transnational experiences. Students navigated the multiple labels ascribed to them as members of the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) program as they shaped perspectives of their bilingual selves. Findings from this ethnographic case study show how youth resisted the institutional identities that the ESOL label reified and how students repositioned themselves as language balancers, border crossers, and marketable bilinguals. Implications for educational language policy and programming are provided.
Percutaneous Ablation of Malignant Tumors

Recently, several minimally invasive, image-guided therapies have been developed for the local treatment of primary and secondary neoplasms, in patients who are poor surgical candidates. These minimally invasive methods of therapy permit the destruction of tumor without necessitating their removal and rely on different mechanisms for tumor destruction. Radiofrequency, microwave, and laser ablation all destroy tumor by thermal injury. Cryoablation and ethanol ablation achieve cellular death through freezing and direct toxicity, respectively Bartolozzi and Lencioni 1996). Chemoembolization relies on targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs coupled with embolic agents Couse et al. 1983; Chung and Wallace 1981). The clinical outcomes of these techniques have approached the success rate of surgical resection in some reported series with considerably fewer complications ( Vogl et al. 1995).
Rare case of orbital schwannoma with intralesional haemorrhage and fluid-fluid levels.

We report a case of a 23-year-old man who presented with a 1-month history of gradually worsening right eye pressure, blurry vision and proptosis, which was not exacerbated with Valsalva or change in position. MRI of the orbits demonstrated a well-defined, lobulated, cystic, trans-spatial mass with areas of internal haemorrhage (figure 1) and fluid–fluid levels (figure 2) in the superior medial right orbit, which extended posteriorly through the superior orbital fissure to the cavernous sinus (figure 3). The lesion slightly expanded the orbital …
Information Overload in Technology-based Education: a Meta-Analysis

Educational technology has transformed learning by facilitating collaboration with peers and teachers, enabling quick access to a wide range of information resources and the ability to create new information content. However, the ubiquitous nature and ease of use of technology leads to a plethora of recorded information. Processing this varied and often redundant information has overloaded students, which is detrimental to learning. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature related to the problem of information overload in the online educational domain, including causes, available solutions and its influence on knowledge construction. The results show that until recently the research focus has been on cognitive technological solutions rather than collaborative learning. New themes such as collaborative approaches for managing information overload and its implications on knowledge construction are emerging.
Gentamicin bladder instillations decrease symptomatic urinary tract infections in neurogenic bladder patients on intermittent catheterization.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine if gentamicin bladder instillations reduce the rate of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in neurogenic bladder (NGB) patients on intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) who have recurrent UTIs. Secondary aims were to examine the effects of intravesical gentamicin on the organism resistance patterns. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our prospective NGB database. Inclusion criteria were NGB patients performing ISC exclusively for bladder drainage with clinical data available for six months before and six months after initiating prophylactic intravesical gentamicin instillations. Symptomatic UTIs were defined as symptoms consistent with UTI plus the need for antibiotic treatment. Results: Twenty-two patients met inclusion criteria; etiology of NGB was 63.6% spinal cord injury, 13.6% multiple sclerosis. Median time since injury/diagnosis was 14 years and 6/22 (27.3%) had undergone urological reconstruction. Patients had fewer symptomatic UTI’s (median 4 vs. 1 episodes; p<0.004) and underwent fewer courses of oral antibiotics after initiating gentamicin (median 3.5 vs. 1; p<0.01). Days of oral antibiotic therapy decreased from 15 before to five after gentamicin, but this did not reach significance. There were fewer telephone encounters for UTI concerns per patient (median 3 vs. 0; p=0.03). The proportion of multidrug-resistant organisms in urine cultures decreased from 58.3% to 47.1% (p=0.04) and the rate of gentamicin resistance did not increase. Adverse events were mild and rare. Conclusions: Gentamicin bladder instillations decrease symptomatic UTI episodes and reduce oral antibiotics in patients with NGB on ISC who were suffering from recurrent UTIs. Antibiotic resistance decreased while on gentamicin instillations.
A Silent Prayer

This chapter begins by recounting how theological commentators deride John Cage’s 4'33" as par exemplar of “postmodern” sensibilities that result in artistically and theologically vapid music. I attempt to rehabilitate theological interest in the piece by briefly retracing Cage’s Protestant biography, recounting the 1952 concert premiere of 4'33", and revisiting in particular the 1948 Vassar College symposium, “The Creative Arts in Contemporary Society,” where Cage delivered a lecture titled “Silent Prayer.” Cage’s lecture is the first public mention of the ideas that eventuate in 4'33". The conference and lecture provide a broader intellectual context for the formation of 4'33" and historical clues that foreground my theological reading of the piece. The gathering also stands out as a remarkable moment in American intellectual history, exemplary in thoughtfulness about literary, visual, and musical arts and religion in ways that hold promise for fostering dialogue today about unity and aesthetic convergence between theological claims and material culture.
Lysyl oxidase in cancer inhibition and metastasis.

Abstract Lysyl oxidase is an extracellular matrix, copper – dependent amine oxidase that catalyzes a key enzymatic step in the crosslinking of collagen and elastin. The enzyme is synthesized as a propeptide that is cleaved by procollagen – C – proteinase into two distinct parts: the mature form and the LOX propeptide. The mature enzyme plays a key role in modifying the extracellular matrix and as a result has been implicated in playing a role in the formation of cancer “niches” where tumors will develop and eventually metastasize. On the other hand, the LOX propeptide has been shown to have an inhibitory effect in the development of cancer tumors. New approaches are being developed to test the use of small molecule inhibitors on LOX; however, the lack of a crystal structure has hampered these efforts as it is extremely difficult to design selective inhibitors without knowing what the target receptor looks like. In this mini review we discuss the lysyl oxidase enzyme and its role several types of cancers.
Water-vapor-mediated close-spaced vapor transport growth of epitaxial gallium indium phosphide films on gallium arsenide substrates

Ga1-xInxP is a technologically important III-V ternary semiconductor widely utilized in commercial and record-efficiency solar cells. We report the growth of Ga1-xInxP by water-vapor-mediated close-spaced vapor transport. Because growth of III-V semiconductors in this system is controlled by diffusion of metal-oxide species, we find that congruent transport from the mixed powder source requires complete annealing to form a single alloy phase. Growth from a fully-alloyed source at water vapor concentrations of ~7000 ppm in H2 at 850 °C affords smooth films with electron mobility of 1070 cm2 V-1 s-1, and peak internal quantum efficiency of ~90% for carrier collection in a non-aqueous photoelectrochemical test cell.
Race to the native state.

In contrast to other biopolymers such as RNA, most foldable protein sequences have a single, unique native structure, which is the most stable conformation. Understanding this remarkable property has been the long-held goal of protein folding research (1, 2). Once folded, proteins will undergo transitions between different conformational states within the native free-energy basin, often associated with their function; however, in most cases, these can be thought of as only local changes or deformations of structure that do not change the overall fold. On the other hand, a small number of proteins have been identified in which a more profound rearrangement of the fold can occur, with the most extreme examples being protein sequences that can switch to a completely different folded state as a function of environmental conditions or ligand binding (3). An example in which a subtle change of fold is used for functional regulation is found in the serine protease inhibitor family known as serpins. In this case, it appears that the initially formed “native” structure is not the thermodynamically most stable fold. In PNAS, Rao and Gosavi (4) investigate the origin of this kinetically controlled folding for a prototypical serpin, α1-antitrypsin. Serpins are an abundant type of protease inhibitor, most commonly inhibiting chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (5) by a suicide mechanism: The protein initially folds to an active, inhibitory fold (Fig. 1, Top Left ) in which the exposed reactive center loop (RCL) serves as a recognition motif for proteases. Binding of the protease results in cleavage of the RCL loop and covalent linkage of the serpin to the protease. At the … [↵][1]1Email: robert.best2{at}nih.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
PathSim: meta path-based top-K similarity search in heterogeneous information networks

Similarity search is a primitive operation in database and Web search engines. With the advent of large-scale heterogeneous information networks that consist of multi-typed, interconnected objects, such as the bibliographic networks and social media networks, it is important to study similarity search in such networks. Intuitively, two objects are similar if they are linked by many paths in the network. However, most existing similarity measures are defined for homogeneous networks. Different semantic meanings behind paths are not taken into consideration. Thus they cannot be directly applied to heterogeneous networks.In this paper, we study similarity search that is defined among the same type of objects in heterogeneous networks. Moreover, by considering different linkage paths in a network, one could derive various similarity semantics. Therefore, we introduce the concept of meta path-based similarity, where a meta path is a path consisting of a sequence of relations defined between different object types (i.e., structural paths at the meta level). No matter whether a user would like to explicitly specify a path combination given sufficient domain knowledge, or choose the best path by experimental trials, or simply provide training examples to learn it, meta path forms a common base for a network-based similarity search engine. In particular, under the meta path framework we define a novel similarity measure called PathSim that is able to find peer objects in the network (e.g., find authors in the similar field and with similar reputation), which turns out to be more meaningful in many scenarios compared with random-walk based similarity measures. In order to support fast online query processing for PathSim queries, we develop an efficient solution that partially materializes short meta paths and then concatenates them online to compute top-k results. Experiments on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed paradigm.
Data Communications Fundamentals

This chapter is perhaps more technical in detail than the other parts of this text. The objective for the reader, however, is not to become enmeshed in the detail, but to comprehend several important concepts. Namely, what determines how fast information can be transmitted over a communication channel? To understand this, it is necessary to have a clear idea of frequency and bandwidth. Frequency and bandwidth, in turn, lead to the concept of a band(width)-limited signal.
ANOTHER NERO WOLFE COOKBOOK

Good eating is the norm at the fictional dining table of Rex Stout’s great and overweight detective Nero Wolfe. It has been that way since Stout’s first Wolfe murder mystery, Fer-de-Lance, was published in 1934. From early on, Stout and his publishers were aware of the appeal of the fine-foods feature of the Wolfe stories — an awareness reflected most obviously in the commercial publication of two popular cookbooks, as well as in the much more limited and obscure publication of another cookbook of a sort. This article will (1) briefly examine the two commercial cookbooks; (2) take a slightly closer look at the other cookbook — really an odd but appealing, and certainly unconventional, recipe box dressed up to look like a book; and (3) present the entire contents of that other cookbook/recipe box in a more conventional bookish form.
Heat, Color, and Flavor Compounds in Capsicum Fruit

Peppers are one of the oldest vegetables known and are popular in worldwide cuisine. Members of the Capsicum genus could be considered accomplished chemists, as these plants synthesize a variety of phytochemicals with valued roles in human health and nutrition as well as sensory perception. For thousands of years, humans have selected peppers for traits that affect heat, color, and flavor in the fruit. Heat in pepper fruit is attributed to production of capsaicinoids in the placenta; this alkaloid binds to nociceptive pain receptors in mammals. Color in pepper fruit is due to a combination of pigments: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins accumulating in the fruit wall or pericarp of the fruit resulting in green, yellow, or purple fruit at physiological immature stages and yellow, red, or orange fruit at mature stages. Flavor is the least characterized chemistry, but is in part the result of monoterpenoids and aliphatic aldehydes, which also accumulate in the fruit wall. The synthesis and accumulation of all these phytochemicals are dependent on the genetic background of the pepper, the developmental stage of the fruit, and environmental factors.
Non-Philosophy and the uninterpretable axiom

This article connects Francois Laruelle's non-philosophical experiments with the axiomatic method to non-philosophy's anti-hermeneutic stance. Focusing on two texts from 1987 composed using the axiomatic method, "The Truth According to Hermes" and "Theorems on the Good News," I demonstrate how non-philosophy utilizes structural mechanisms to both expand and contract the field of potential models allowed by non-philosophy. This demonstration involves developing a notion of interpretation, which synthesizes Rocco Gangle's work on model theory with respect to non-philosophy with Laruelle's critique of hermeneutics. I use Alexander Galloway's interpretation of "The Truth According to Hermes" as a case study of the limits non-philosophy sets upon its use as a basis for philosophical models, in contrast to arguments by Gangle regarding non-philosophy's greater genericity in comparison to philosophy.
Second harmonic generation spectroscopy on two-dimensional materials [Invited]

The discovery of atomically thin layered materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides has unveiled the unique exploration of novel fundamental physics and device applications in two-dimensions. Characterization of their crystal symmetry and subsequent electronic properties are prominent to realize the full potential of these reduced dimensional systems, which fundamentally determine the topology, chirality and rich interfacial physics. Second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical effect, is sensitive to crystal symmetry and electronic structures, which proves to be one of the most powerful yet simple technique to capture the essence physics. On the other hand, the 2D nature of layered materials enables large tunability in its physical properties with a number of external stimuli, which in turn paves the way for the development of 2D nonlinear optoelectronic applications. In this review, we overview recent efforts employing second harmonic generation spectroscopy and microscopy to probe lattice structures and dipole polarizations in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide and polar materials. In addition, multiple external stimuli used to control SHG as potential optoelectronic devices are covered. We conclude with a perspective on the future directions of exploration on emerging 2D magnetic and topological materials based on SHG spectroscopy.
Design-Technology Co-Optimization of Standard Cell Libraries on Intel 10nm Process

This paper highlights the co-optimization of process technology, std. cell library offerings and block-level TFM on Intel 10nm node to enable unprecedented scaling opportunity for products ranging from high performance client/server to low power mobile/IoT segments. The 10nm short height library enables 2.7x transistor density scaling going from 14nm counterpart. The taller height libraries are optimized to meet performance and reliability requirements of Intel's leading edge client/server products. PPA trade-offs are analyzed both at std. cell level and block level on an industry standard Core IP design.
Risk of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C infections - A 13-year nationwide population-based study.

Abstract Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events than chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). We aimed to investigate whether there is higher risk of arrhythmia in HCV infection. Methods Electronic medical records from National Health Institute Research Database during 2000–2012 were retrieved for patients with HBV or HCV. Patients with missing information, aged Results After 1:1 propensity score matching, 5480 patients with HBV and 5480 patients with HCV were included for study. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher in the HCV patients than in HBV patients [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.58]. There was also a trend toward higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (HR 1.25, 95% 0.98–1.59, p = 0.070) and a significantly higher incidence of sick sinus syndrome (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07–2.91) in HCV patients. In addition, among patients with all-cause mortality, arrhythmia death was significantly higher with chronic HCV infection. Conclusions In patients with chronic viral hepatitis, patients with HCV were associated with significantly increased risks of sick sinus syndrome, and all-cause mortality compared to patients with HBV.
Association of sex and atrial fibrillation therapies with patient-reported outcomes.

Objectives Women report higher atrial fibrillation (AF) symptom severity and receive less AF therapies than their male counterparts. It is understudied if differences in AF therapies received explains sex differences in AF symptom severity. We investigate the impact of sex and AF therapies on patient-reported outcomes. Methods Participants were recruited (n=953) across four academic medical centres with an AF diagnosis and age ≥18 years. Patient-reported outcomes (AF symptom severity, AF-related quality of life, functional status and emotional status) were determined by biannual surveys. We performed multiple linear regressions on propensity-matched cohorts to determine the association of AF therapies and sex on patient-reported outcomes. Results Our study population (n=953) was 65% male (n=616), 93% white (n=890) and 72 (±10) years old. Individuals receiving rate control therapy reported comparatively lower AF-related quality of life (−7.22, 95% CI −11.51 to –2.92) and poorer functional status (−3.69, 95% CI −5.27 to –2.12). Individuals receiving rhythm control strategies did not report significantly different patient-reported outcomes. Women were more likely to report poorer functional status (−2.63, 95% CI −3.86 to –1.40) and poorer AF-related quality of life, higher anxiety (2.33, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.59), higher symptoms of depression (1.48, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.65) and AF symptom severity (0.29, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.52). Conclusions Female sex was associated with comparatively poorer AF symptom severity and quality of life, and this association remained after accounting for AF therapies received. Receiving rate control medication alone was associated with comparatively poorer AF-related quality of life and functional status.
Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis.

Importance Patients with a history of cancer, even nonfatal cancers, have lower subsequent Alzheimer disease incidence. An inverse biological link between carcinogenesis and neurodegeneration has been hypothesized, although survival and detection biases are possible explanations. Objective To compare long-term memory trajectories before and after incident cancer with memory trajectories of similarly aged individuals not diagnosed with cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study included 14 583 US adults born before 1949 with no cancer history from the Health and Retirement Study. Biennial assessments were performed for up to 16 years from 1998 to 2014. Data analysis was performed from January 8 to October 5, 2018. Exposures Self-reported physician diagnosis of any cancer (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) during follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures A composite memory score standardized to a mean (SD) of 0 (1) at baseline was based on immediate and delayed word-list recall and proxy assessments. The rate of memory change among people diagnosed with cancer during follow-up before and after diagnosis was compared with rate of memory change in individuals who remained cancer free during follow-up using linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts and slopes. Results A total of 14 583 participants were included in the sample (mean [SD] age, 66.4 [10.4] years; 8453 [58.0%] female). The mean (SD) follow-up was 11.5 (5.1) years; 2250 had a cancer diagnosis during follow-up, and 12 333 had no cancer diagnosis during follow-up. The rate of memory decline in the decade before a cancer diagnosis was 10.5% (95% CI, 6.2%-14.9%), which was slower than memory decline in similarly aged cancer-free individuals. For individuals diagnosed at 75 years of age, mean memory function immediately before diagnosis was 0.096 SD units (95% CI, 0.060-0.133 SD units) higher compared with that among similarly aged cancer-free individuals. A new cancer diagnosis was associated with a short-term decline in memory of −0.058 (95% CI, −0.084 to −0.032) SD units compared with memory before diagnosis. After diagnosis, the rate of memory decline was 3.9% (95% CI, 0.9%-6.9%) slower in individuals with cancer than in those without a cancer diagnosis. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, older individuals who developed cancer had better memory and slower memory decline than did similarly aged individuals who remained cancer free. These findings support the possibility of a common pathologic process working in opposite directions in cancer and Alzheimer disease.
Determinants of trust in government in Latin America

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of trust in government in the Latin American countries, using a cross section of average labor market and social data of the 2007-2012 period. The methodology consists of the estimation of equations based on the application of Phillips and Hansen’s cointegration least squares, using as independent variables labor market indicators, as well as those associated with public expenditures, institutional quality and others. The emphasis of this paper is to study the association between trust in government and economic and social variables. Results show that while inequality is an important determinant of trust in government, the rates of female self employment and quality employment have positive and negative impacts on trust in government. Male self and quality employment have no impacts. Citizens’ perception that government is committed to combat poverty leads to increased trust in government. This is a topic that has not received attention in the literature.The main limitation of this study is the reduced size of the sample of 18 observations. It is concluded that increasing social expenditures and reducing inequality would be conducive to higher levels of trust in the government in the Latin American countries.
Orbital and Ocular Anatomy

The eyes (“globes”) are housed in bilateral orbital cavities, two symmetric, pear-shaped depressions in the anterior mid-skull, with large openings anteriorly to permit vision, and small ones posteriorly for communication with the cranial cavity. Each orbit is formed by seven interconnected bones. Three of these are single bones that extend across the midline (frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid), shared equally by the two orbits; the other four (maxillae, zygomas, lacrimals, and palatines) are separate and duplicated, present individually on each side.
Extended Release of Dexamethasone From Oleogel Based Rods

Abstract Hypothesis Topical and systemic methods are not able to deliver ophthalmic drugs for treatment of retinal diseases. Consequently, invasive monthly intravitreal injections through the eyeball are required to deliver retinal drugs. A reduction in the frequency of the injection through extended release of the drugs could have significant clinical benefits. Experiments Oleogels containing ethyl cellulose as the gelator at 10% (wt%) in soybean oil were loaded with dexamethasone above the solubility limit and expunged from a syringe to create cylindrical rods for extended drug delivery. The devices were imaged to explore particle distribution and drug release was measured under sink conditions in buffer. A model was developed and fitted to data to determine effective drug diffusivity. Findings Dexamethasone is released slowly due to the presence of the drug particles that serve as drug depots. The release increases from 600 to 3000 h as the drug loading is increased from 3% to 28%. The release profiles can be modeled by considering drug dissolution and diffusion, as well as the tortuosity of the matrix due to the presence of the voids formed after the drug particles have dissolved. The proposed approach is promising as the release profiles of the drug are comparable to commercial devices.
Anxiety sensitivity in relation to eating expectancies among college students.

AbstractObjective: Disordered eating is highly prevalent on college campuses and is associated with a host of negative outcomes. To better understand the nature of disordered eating, it is importan...
Mining the Relationship between Crimes, Weather and Tweets

This research project attempts to correlate crime rates in Orlando, Florida to Orlando's weather and Twitter presence. The central dataset of interest details the crime incidents in Orlando, Florida as reported daily by the Orlando Police Department. This dataset gives the dates, categories (e.g. theft, aggravated assault, etc.), and latitude and longitude of each reported crime incident. Using a Twitter developer account, Tweets pertaining to crime are downloaded from the greater Orlando area. Tweets are filtered by the following indexed keywords: "crime", "drugs", "narcotics", "weapons", "assault", "theft", "robbery", "murder", and "larceny." Additionally, Orlando's daily weather data is collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Using measures of similarity, it is discovered that crime in Orlando is concentrated most closely near Orlando's downtown center. Using regression, moderate correlations are drawn between the rates of crime and the posting of crime-related Tweets. Lastly, chi-square tests are used to show the effect of weather on crime. High crime rates are associated with average daily temperatures above 60°F. Low crime rates are associated with days with precipitation.
Spice and Barrier Layers: An Arabian Sea Case Study

AbstractBarrier layers (BLs) are a frequent occurrence in low-latitude oceans, but variations in identification methods and quantitative descriptors used, as well as analyses of their lifetimes, le...
Visualizing GABA A Receptor Trafficking Dynamics with Fluorogenic Protein Labeling

It is increasingly evident that neurotransmitter receptors, including ionotropic GABA A receptors (GABAARs), exhibit highly dynamic trafficking and cell surface mobility. Regulated trafficking to and from the surface is a critical determinant of GABAAR neurotransmission. Receptors delivered by exocytosis diffuse laterally in the plasma membrane, with tethering and reduced movement at synapses occurring through receptor interactions with the subsynaptic scaffold. After diffusion away from synapses, receptors are internalized by clathrin-dependent endocytosis at extrasynaptic sites and can be either recycled back to the cell membrane or degraded in lysosomes. To study the dynamics of these key trafficking events in neurons, we have developed novel optical methods based around receptors containing a dual-tagged γ2 subunit (γ2pHFAP) in combination with fluorogen dyes. Specifically, the GABAAR γ2 subunit is tagged with a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein and a fluorogen-activating peptide (FAP). The FAP allows receptor labeling with fluorogen dyes that are optically silent until bound to the FAP. Combining FAP and fluorescent imaging with organelle labeling allows novel and accurate measurement of receptor turnover and accumulation into intracellular compartments under basal conditions in scenarios ranging from in vitro seizure models to drug exposure paradigms. Here we provide a protocol to track and quantify receptors in transit from the neuronal surface to endosomes and lysosomes. This protocol is readily applicable to cell lines and primary cells, allowing rapid quantitative measurements of receptor surface levels and postendocytic trafficking decisions. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of cortical neuronal cultures for imaging assays Basic Protocol 2: Surface receptor internalization and trafficking to early endosomes Basic Protocol 3: Measurement of receptor steady state surface level, synaptic level, and lysosomal targeting.
Resolving spatial complexities of hybridization in the context of the gray zone of speciation in North American ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus complex)

Estimating species divergence with gene flow has been crucial for characterizing the gray zone of speciation, which is the period of time where lineages have diverged but have not yet achieved strict reproductive isolation. However, estimates of divergence times and gene flow often ignores spatial information, for example the formation and shape of hybrid zones. Using population genomic data from the eastern ratsnake complex (Pantherophis obsoletus), we infer phylogeographic groups, gene flow, changes in demography, the timing of divergence, and hybrid zone widths. We examine the spatial context of diversification by linking migration and timing of divergence to the size, shape, and types of hybridization (e.g., F1, backcrosses) in hybrid zones. Rates of migration between lineages are associated with the width and shape of hybrid zones. Timing of divergence is not related to migration rate across species pairs and is therefore a poor proxy for inferring position in the gray zone. Artificial neural network approaches are applied to understand how landscape features and past climate have influenced population genetic structure among these lineages prior to hybridization. The Mississippi River produced the deepest divergence in this complex, whereas Pleistocene climate and elevation secondarily structured lineages.
Volatile organic compounds in feminine hygiene products sold in the US market: A survey of products and health risks

Abstract Feminine hygiene products (FHPs) are used on highly permeable and sensitive vaginal and vulvar tissues by many women. These products contain a variety of chemicals, and few regulations require disclosure of their ingredients. The objectives of this study are to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may be present in these products and to evaluate the potential for exposure and health risk associated with product use. We collected 79 commercially available FHPs, including washes, tampons, menstrual pads, wipes, sprays, powders and moisturizers, and analyzed their composition using purge and trap sampling, thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Exposures and risks were modeled using reasonable upper bound exposure scenarios. The highest VOC concentrations (as total target VOCs) were found in washes, sprays and powders, with median concentrations from 25,000 to 34,000 ng/g. Benzene (maximum: 3,604 ng/g) was detected in 83% of the collected products, and 1,4-dioxane (maximum: 24,354 ng/g) in 50% of the products. VOC composition depended on the FHP type, manufacturer and brand. Products labeled as “organic,” “natural,” or “for sensitive skin” did not necessarily have lower VOC concentrations. For most FHPs, calculated risks were low; however, menstrual pads had hazard ratios of up to 11, sprays and powders had hazard ratios of up to 2.2 and excess cancer risks of up to 2.1 × 10-6, and washes had excess cancer risks of up to 3.3 × 10-6. Our data suggest that all tested FHPs contained some toxic VOCs, and that risks of using some products should be addressed. We recommend the elimination of toxic ingredients and the disclosure of all chemicals that are used in these products.
Regulatory Challenges to Emergency Medicine Procedural Sedation.

As currently written, national regulatory guidance on procedural sedation has elements that are contradictory, confusing, and out of date. As a result, hospital procedural sedation policies are often widely inconsistent between institutions despite similar settings and resources, putting emergency department (ED) patients at risk by denying them uniform access to safe, effective, and appropriate procedural sedation care. Many hospitals have chosen to take overly conservative stances with respect to regulatory compliance to minimize their perceived risk. Herein, we review and critique standards and policies from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, The Joint Commission, state nursing boards, the Food and Drug Administration, and others with respect to their effect on ED procedural sedation. Where appropriate, we recommend modifications of and enhancements to their guidance that would improve the access of ED patients to modern, safe, and effective procedural sedation care.