cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-Pronged Phish Snagging

Phishing causes billions of dollars in damage every year and poses a serious threat to the Internet economy. Among the many possible communication channels, electronic mail still remains the most commonly used medium to launch phishing attacks. In this paper, we present a two dimensional approach to detecting phishing emails. We devise two independent, unsupervised classifiers, namely the link and header classifiers, and two combinations of these classifiers. We show that our schemes significantly outperform the previous unsupervised and supervised phishing detection schemes for emails in the literature. We also utilize contextual information, when available, to detect phishing. Finally, our protocol is designed to detect phishing at the email level rather than detecting fraudulent, masqueraded websites. Our implementation framework called PhishSnag, operates between a user's mail transfer agent (MTA) and mail user agent (MUA) and processes each arriving email for phishing attacks even before reaching the inbox.
Assessment of the average price and ethanol content of alcoholic beverages by brand--United States, 2011.

BACKGROUND: There are no existing data on alcoholic beverage prices and ethanol (EtOH) content at the level of alcohol brand. A comprehensive understanding of alcohol prices and EtOH content at the brand level is essential for the development of effective public policy to reduce alcohol use among underage youth. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess alcoholic beverage prices and EtOH content at the brand level. METHODS: Using online alcohol price data from 15 control states and 164 online alcohol stores, we estimated the average alcohol price and percent alcohol by volume for 900 brands of alcohol, across 17 different alcoholic beverage types, in the United States in 2011. RESULTS: There is considerable variation in both brand-specific alcohol prices and EtOH content within most alcoholic beverage types. For many types of alcohol, the within-category variation between brands exceeds the variation in average price and EtOH content among the several alcoholic beverage types. Despite differences in average prices between alcoholic beverage types, in 12 of the 16 alcoholic beverage types, customers can purchase at least 1 brand of alcohol that is under $1 per ounce of EtOH. CONCLUSIONS: Relying on data or assumptions about alcohol prices and EtOH content at the level of alcoholic beverage type is insufficient for understanding and influencing youth drinking behavior. Surveillance of alcohol prices and EtOH content at the brand level should become a standard part of alcohol research. Language: en
Droidel: a general approach to Android framework modeling

We present an approach and tool for general-purpose modeling of Android for static analysis. Our approach is to explicate the reflective bridge between the Android framework and an application to make the framework source amenable to static analysis. Our Droidel tool does this by automatically generating application-specific stubs that summarize the reflective behavior for a particular app. The result is a program with a single entry-point that can be processed by any existing Java analysis platform (e.g., Soot, WALA, Chord). We compared call graphs constructed using Droidel to call graphs constructed using a state-of-the-art Android model and found that Droidel captures more concrete behaviors.
A scheduling algorithm for communication satellite networks

Communication satellites used for area communication require careful scheduling to share the transponder bandwidth between ground stations. The scheduling problem is made more difficult by unbalanced traffic maps and by restricted frequency agility for some of the ground stations. An algorithm for finding schedules in networks with realistic constraints is described. The algorithm uses simple heuristic bandwidth partitioning and box filling strategies to pack the transmitted data into bursts that use the available satellite bandwidth efficiently. It is shown that for typical traffic maps obtained from real telephone communications systems, over 90% scheduling efficiency can be achieved compared with the 50% efficiency achieved by the traditional greedy algorithm. >
Causal Schemata: Description or Explanation of Judgment Process? A Reply to Fiedler

Fiedler (1982) argued that Kelley's causal schemata were poor characterizations o/performance because they functioned merely as descriptive labels for attribution patterns and failed to explain those patterns. It is argued that the schemata are useful as descriptions rather than as explanations and are testable as such. Research on the multiple sufficient schema is reviewed as a case in which one causal schema was tested as a descriptive model and proved to be inadequate. It is also argued that research outside of the attribution tradition must be considered in drawing conclusions about naive causal reasoning. Every young scholar dreams of finding his or her name prominently featured in the writings of another investigator. A reference in the text is attention getting, a major subheading too much to hope for. Thus, I approached Fiedler's (1982) recent article on causal schemata with enthusiasm. However, enthusiasm faded as I followed his analysis of the problem of causal schemata. His conceptualization of my own research had problems as well. Because that research is unpublished and not readily available to scholars in the area, I take this opportunity to reply to Fiedler's arguments. This reply focuses first on Fiedler's general position, second on my own work, and finally on other work relevant to his analysis.
Spectral Analysis from Multi-Rate Observations: Itakura-Saito based Approximation of Power Spectra and Capon-like Spectral Envelopes

We develop a framework for spectral analysis in the context of multi-rate sampling by a collection of sensors. Correlation of the time-domain samples gives rise to moment constraints for the power spectrum. We use a homotopy based technique to identify a power spectrum which is closest to a given "prior" in the Itakura-Saito distortion sense and is also consistent with the given moment statistics. It turns out that this power spectrum is the harmonic mean of the prior and a suitable "all-pole" spectral density. We then proceed to adapt the framework so as to obtain Capon-like spectral envelopes based on the same autocorrelation data
Predictors of Long-Term Quality of Life for Survivors of Stage II/III Rectal Cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium

Neoadjuvant treatment may result in better quality of life and functional status 1 year after diagnosis.
Fan in loss in electrical and optical circuits and systems

Analogies between the fan-in limitations of linear electrical circuits and linear optical circuits are explored. In both cases, the second law of thermodynamics sets the limits as to the amount of power that can be coupled from multiple inputs into a single output. The limitation applies to the power coupled into a single (properly defined) output "mode" from a set of input modes. While fan-in limitations of optics have generally been stated in terms of power coupled into a single outgoing spatial mode from incoming spatial modes, a more general view makes use of temporal and polarization modes as well. It is then possible to show that the usual fan-in restrictions stated with respect to only spatial modes can be violated, while the more general restriction in terms of space-time-polarization modes remains satisfied. The results have direct application to wavelength multiplexed optical interconnects. >
Data Fusion Architecture - An FPGA Implementation

Architecture for multisensor data fusion based on adaptive Kalman filter is described. The architecture uses several sensors that measure same quantity and each is fed to Kalman filter. For each Kalman filter a correlation coefficient between the measured data and predicted output was used as an indication of the quality of the performance of the Kalman filter. Based on the values of the correlation coefficient an adjustment to the measurement noise covariance matrix (R) was made using fuzzy logic technique. Predicted outputs obtained from Kalman filters were fused together based on weighting coefficient, which was also obtained from the correlation coefficient. Results of fusing data of several sensors showed better results than using individual sensor. Matrix-matrix multiplication using FPGA also presented
Perceptions and Attitudes about Corruption and Democracy in Mexico

Corruption is one of the most significant challenges confronting processes of democratic governability in Mexico. This article brings a methodological focus to bear on three sets of topics: (1) In what activities or instances of daily life do respondents claim to encounter corruption? (2) Who cares about corruption? That is, what is the salience of corruption to various groups? (3) What are the effects of perceptions of corruption on satisfaction with/support for democracy? Based on a secondary analysis of three data sets, our principal findings are that (1) the term, ““corruption,”” has several different meanings for respondents; (2) government is viewed as only slightly more corrupt than society; (3) if we include bribes as corruption, a rather small subset of the samples (about a quarter) claim to have directly experienced bribery; and (4) perceptions of corruption negatively influence satisfaction with democracy, and those who perceive corruption to be a significant problem are less likely to trust institutions or individuals. In addition to these findings, we speculate about a puzzle: If rather few respondents claim direct experience with corruption in their daily lives, why do so many express such firm and pessimistic views about corruption in so many distant spheres of political and social life? La corrupcioon es uno de los retos maas importantes que enfrenta el proceso de gobernabilidad democraatica en Meexico. El artiiculo presenta un enfoque metodoloogico para abordar tres preguntas: (1) seguun los entrevistados, ??en quee actividades de la vida diaria se experimenta corrupcioon?; (2) ??a quieen le importa la corrupcioon?; es decir, ??cuaal es la prominencia de la corrupcioon para diferentes grupos?; y ??cuaales son los efectos de las percepciones de corrupcioon en la apoyo y satisfaccioon democraatica? Basados en investigacioon secundaria de tres bases de datos nuestros hallazgos son los siguientes: (1) la palabra, ““corrupcioon,”” tiene diferentes significados entre los entrevistados; (2) el gobierno es percibido soolo ligeramente maas corrupto que la sociedad; (3) si incluimos las ‘‘mordidas’’ como corrupcioon, un subgrupo de la muestra (un cuarto aproximadamente) dice haber participado directamente en los sobornos; y (4) las percepciones sobre la corrupcioon afectan negativamente la satisfaccioon con la democracia y aquellos que perciben que la corrupcioon es un problema grave son menos propensos a confiar en las instituciones y en los individuos. Ademaas, especulamos sobre un enigma: si son pocos quienes afirman tener una experiencia directa con la corrupcioon, por quee tantos expresan un firme y marcado pesimismo sobre la corrupcioon en diversas esferas de la vida poliitica y social?
Background Predictors and Event-Specific Characteristics of Sexual Aggression Incidents The Roles of Alcohol and Other Factors

Sexual assault in the United States is an important public health concern. Using prospective longitudinal methods and responses from 217 community men, we examined whether background characteristics predicted subsequent sexual aggression (SA) perpetration during a 3-month follow-up period. We also examined event-specific characteristics of reported SA occurrences. Consistent with predictions, SA perpetration history, aggressive and impulsive personality traits, rape myth attitudes, and alcohol expectancies predicted SA (both non- and alcohol-involved) at follow-up. In addition, alcohol-involved assaults occurred more often with casual (vs. steady) partners but were more likely to involve condom use with casual (vs. steady) partners. Results suggest important avenues for future research and SA prevention efforts.
Social Media at Academia's Periphery: Studying Multilingual Developmental Writers' Facebook Composing Strategies.

This article focuses on the writing strategies second-language students use to compose on social media sites. These alternative and unconventional sites for learning provide language learners opportunities to acquire language by using multiple modalities to respond to various rhetorical situations. In comparison to these sites, academic writing contexts, particularly the developmental-writing course, impose monolingual norms and deficient identities on students. Where these courses articulate these language learners as possessing inadequate skills to perform well in mainstream writing courses, the students’ social-media compositions demonstrate that these students have the potential to respond to communicative situations in rhetorically complex ways. This study exemplifies both the deliberate and flippant decisions these students make in these contexts as they shuttle (Canagarajah, 2006) between the linguistic and cultural expectations they perceive their audiences to possess.
Phosphorylated peptides are naturally processed and presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in vivo.

Posttranslational modification of peptide antigens has been shown to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted peptides. However, the existence and origin of naturally processed phosphorylated peptides presented by MHC class I molecules have not been explored. By using mass spectrometry, significant numbers of naturally processed phosphorylated peptides were detected in association with several human MHC class I molecules. In addition, CD8+ T cells could be generated that specifically recognized a phosphorylated epitope. Thus, phosphorylated peptides are part of the repertoire of antigens available for recognition by T cells in vivo.
Rolling and adhesion of monocytes to early atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-/-(apoE-/-) mice requires P-selectin, PSGL-1, /spl alpha//sub 4/ integrin and VCAM-1

To investigate the molecular basis of mononuclear cell rolling and adhesions to vascular endothelium prone to develop atherosclerotic lesion, isolated carotid arteries from ApoE-/- and other relevant mice were perfused under physiological shear stress conditions. Carotid arteries from 10-12 weeks old ApoE-/- and C57BL/6 wide-type mice fed a Western diet for 4-5 weeks, representing early atherosclerotic lesions according to vessel histology, supported mononuclear cell (U937) attachment, rolling and adhesion, while carotid arteries from an atherosclerosis-resistant strain (BALB/C) showed no adhesion. Antibody blocking assays showed that mononuclear rolling and adhesion were significantly inhibited by treating the vessel with P-selectin antibody or treating U937 with anti-PSGL-1. Treating the vessel with VCAM-1 antibody or treating U937 with /spl alpha//sub 4//spl beta//sub 1/ integrin antibody caused rolling velocities to increase (from 86/spl plusmn/4 to 167/spl plusmn/7 /spl mu/m/s). This suggests that mononuclear cell can attach, roll and adhere on early atherosclerotic endothelium via the P-selectin-PSGL-1 and VCAM-1-/spl alpha//sub 4//spl beta//sub 1/ pathways.
Automated parameter tuning in stereo vision under time constraints

A method for tuning parameters under a fixed time constraint for a general binocular stereo-vision algorithm is presented. TEACHER 4.2, a generate-and-test system that systematically generates new parameter values by analyzing the results of previous tests and performs limited and controlled tests on the candidates generated using high-speed computers, is discussed. The system is modeled as a statistical selection problem operating under a given time constraint. Results show that the system can find new parameter-value sets which in some cases are better than the ones originally found by extensive hand-tuning and commonly used heuristics, and that different parameter values may be required under different objectives and performance constraints. >
Assessing the performance of different high-density tiling microarray strategies for mapping transcribed regions of the human genome

Genomic tiling microarrays have become a popular tool for interrogating the transcriptional activity of large regions of the genome in an unbiased fashion. There are several key parameters associated with each tiling experiment (e.g., experimental protocols and genomic tiling density). Here, we assess the role of these parameters as they are manifest in different tiling-array platforms used for transcription mapping. First, we analyze how a number of published tiling-array experiments agree with established gene annotation on human chromosome 22. We observe that the transcription detected from high-density arrays correlates substantially better with annotation than that from other array types. Next, we analyze the transcription-mapping performance of the two main high-density oligonucleotide array platforms in the ENCODE regions of the human genome. We hybridize identical biological samples and develop several ways of scoring the arrays and segmenting the genome into transcribed and nontranscribed regions, with the aim of making the platforms most comparable to each other. Finally, we develop a platform comparison approach based on agreement with known annotation. Overall, we find that the performance improves with more data points per locus, coupled with statistical scoring approaches that properly take advantage of this, where this larger number of data points arises from higher genomic tiling density and the use of replicate arrays and mismatches. While we do find significant differences in the performance of the two high-density platforms, we also find that they complement each other to some extent. Finally, our experiments reveal a significant amount of novel transcription outside of known genes, and an appreciable sample of this was validated by independent experiments.
Master Limited Partnerships

How would you like to get completely tax-free income both at the federal and state levels? It sounds good, but there is a catch. What if I were to tell you that the income is tax free because it is the return of the money you originally invested? That puts a different spin on things. And that, in a nutshell, is how MLPs work.
Modes of Divisional Control: A Field Study of Performance Measurement and Control Practices in Eight Firms

This paper uses findings from a field study of performance measurement practices in eight firms to identify and describe some of the characteristics of firms divisional and division manager performance evaluation practices. Most economic and accounting theories of performance measurement focus on the use of information to evaluate managers performance ex post. This research revelas that performance evaluation in the eight sample firms consists of three components: (i) ex ante screening of potential division managers to identify candidates with preferences closely aligned to the firm and its senior managers (ii) ex post monitoring of incumbent division managers and (iii) intensive planning and budgeting processes. This study also identifes an important determinant of firms divisional performance evaluation strategies namely the extent of interaction or coordination between divisions. Firms whose corporate managers manage operating divisions as autonomous un-related business - +Autonomy Promoters - control divisional activity through ex post monitoring of results achieved. By contrast firms exploiting synergies between divisions - +Synergy Exploiters - supplement their ex post monitoring programs with either rigorous ex ante screening of potential division managers or intensive planning and budgeting systems. More specifically Synergy Exploiters whose divisions interact and share resources directly - lateral synergy exploitation - use ex ante screening wherease those exploiting synergies and sharing resources indirectly through the corporate office - vertical synergy exploitation - use planning and budgeting systems. The implications of these findings for performance measurement and control theories are discussed.
Grain Boundary Responses to Local and Applied Stress: An In Situ TEM Deformation Study

Deformation experiments at temperatures between 300 and 750 K have been performed in situ in the transmission electron microscope to investigate dislocation interactions and reactions with grain boundaries and other obstacles. Dislocations, both partial and perfect, as well as deformation twins have been observed being emitted from grain boundaries and, in some cases, even the same grain boundary. The ejection of dislocations from the grain boundary can result in its partial or total annihilation. In the latter case, the disintegration of the grain boundary was accompanied by grain growth and a change in misorientation.
Thermodynamics of the System InCl3−HCl−H2O at 25 °C

A comprehensive equation for the thermodynamic properties of the system \({\text{InCl}}_{\text{3}} {\text{ - HCl - H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}\) at 25°C in the ion-interaction (Pitzer) equation form is generated on the basis of a very recent and comprehensive array of electrochemical-cell measurements of the HCl activity, together with older published measurements of the activity of InCl3 in mixtures with 0.02 molal HCl. Alternate equations with and without explicit consideration of the ion pair InCl2+ as a separate species are tested. Excellent agreement is obtained on either formulation between calculated and measured activities, although considerable uncertainty remains concerning the standard potential for the in electrode.
Temperature-Dependent Studies of a-SiC:H Growth by Remote Plasma CVD Using Methylsilanes

Thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films were grown at substrate temperatures ranging from 200 K to 600 K by remote ECR plasma-enhanced CVD. Mono- and trimethylsilane were used as single source precursors. The films grown using both precursors were compared as a function of temperature by in situ multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The difference in growth temperature leads to changes in both the hydrogen content and the composition of the film. At low growth temperature, films incorporate high concentrations of intact methyl group and a mixture of SiHx(=1−3) groups, with a polysilane-like structure. At higher temperatures, the hydrogen content decreases. This decrease is observed in two different ways: (1) a loss of highly hydrogenated SiHx groups (SiH3 or SiH2); and (2) a shift from methyl groups to CH2 and CH bonding. However, the temperature dependence of each functional group is found to be different for the two precursors.
Epidemiological Analysis on 1343 cases bitten by animals

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of population bitten by animals,and provide a basis for making strategies of rabies control and prevention.Method Data of all outpatients cases bitten by animals in clinic were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results Cases bitten by animals increased year by year from 2007 to 2009,there were 1 343 cases in all,and 386 cases in 2007,435 cases in 2008 and 522 cases in 2009.The cases concentrated from July to October.Persons aged over 60 and below 20 had higher morbidity rate,they accounted for 61.28%.Cases bitten by dog accounted for 70.36%,it appeared most frequently.There were 73.49% cases who saw a doctor within 24 hours after being bitten.Conclusion In order to prevent and control rabies effectively,we should strengthen the works in the management of animals,such as dog,cat,the wide publicity of rabies knowledge and the implementation of immunization for the key population before exposure.
Immortalization of Human Articular Chondrocytes for Generation of Stable, Differentiated Cell Lines

Immortalized chondrocytes of human origin have been developed to serve as reproducible models for studying chondrocyte function. In this chapter, methods for immortalization of primary human chondrocytes with SV40-TAg, HPV-16 E6/E7, and telomerase by retrovirally mediated transduction and selection for neomycin resistance are described. However, stable integration of an immortalizing gene stabilizes proliferative capacity, but not the differentiated chondrocyte phenotype. Thus, strategies for selection of chondrocyte cell lines, involving the maintenance of high cell density and moderation of cell proliferation, are also described. The methods for immortalization and selection are applicable to the development of chondrocyte cell lines using any immortalizing agent. Although immortalized chondrocytes should not be considered as substitutes for primary chondrocytes, they may be useful tools for evaluating and further validating mechanisms relevant to cartilage biology.
From battling adult authority to battling the opposite sex: Little Lulu as gag panel and comic book

When iconic comics character Little Lulu moved from the Saturday Evening Post, where she had resided since the 1930s, to comic books during the 1950s, her character underwent numerous transformations. One compelling but formerly overlooked change is the nature of Lulu’s rebellion. In the single-panel gag comics, the young girl was overwhelmingly targeting adults with her antics. Meanwhile, in the comic books, her sworn enemy is the gang of neighbourhood boys. This modification from intergenerational conflict in the pre-war era to intragenerational ones during the post-war period forms a compelling and previously unexplored facet to the literary, artistic and cultural alterations to this character that took place across different print formats. At the same time, the shift from plots that pitted children against adults in the 1930s to ones that pitted girls against boys in the 1950s reflects larger shifts in American culture regarding the gendering of children and the sexual segregation of childhood. This e...
Survival of the fittest.

A la fin du XIX e siecle, San Francisco est l'une des villes les plus dynamiques dans le monde, accueillant de nombreux etudiants notamment en chirurgie dentaire dont la faculte est l'une des plus anciennes
‘Not only a Bad Metaphor’: Classes, Masses and Races in Late Victorian Politics

But the matter [of self-government] assumes an entirely different aspect, when we come to apply the word to a community which is not homogenous. If it consists of different elements that have not been fused together; if large masses of citizens are separated into jealous or hostile sections, by deep divisions of creed or race, or even by interest, the word ‘self-government’ is not only a bad metaphor, but becomes flagrantly deceptive.
Application of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry in laboratory flumes

Abstract Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become widely used for topographic data collection in field and laboratory studies. However, the relative performance of SfM against other methods of topographic measurement in a laboratory flume environment has not been systematically evaluated, and there is a general lack of guidelines for SfM application in flume settings. As the use of SfM in laboratory flume settings becomes more widespread, it is increasingly critical to develop an understanding of how to acquire and process SfM data for a given flume size and sediment characteristics. In this study, we: (1) compare the resolution and accuracy of SfM topographic measurements to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements in laboratory flumes of varying physical dimensions containing sediments of varying grain sizes; (2) explore the effects of different image acquisition protocols and data processing methods on the resolution and accuracy of topographic data derived from SfM techniques; and (3) provide general guidance for image acquisition and processing for SfM applications in laboratory flumes. To investigate the effects of flume size, sediment size, and photo overlap on the density and accuracy of SfM data, we collected topographic data using both TLS and SfM in five flumes with widths ranging from 0.22 to 6.71 m, lengths ranging from 9.14 to 30.48 m, and median sediment sizes ranging from 0.2 to 31 mm. Acquisition time, image overlap, point density, elevation data, and computed roughness parameters were compared to evaluate the performance of SfM against TLS. We also collected images of a pan of gravel where we varied the distance and angle between the camera and sediment in order to explore how photo acquisition affects the ability to capture grain-scale microtopographic features in SfM-derived point clouds. A variety of image combinations and SfM software package settings were also investigated to determine optimal processing techniques. Results from this study suggest that SfM provides topographic data of similar accuracy to TLS, at higher resolution and lower cost. We found that about 100pixels per grain are required to resolve grain-scale topography. We suggest protocols for image acquisition and SfM software settings to achieve best results when using SfM in laboratory settings. In general, convergent imagery, taken from a higher angle, with at least several overlapping images for each desired point in the flume will result in an acceptable point cloud.
POSS-Containing Bioinspired Adhesives with Enhanced Mechanical and Optical Properties for Biomedical Applications.

A new terpolymer adhesive, poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate-co-N-methacryloyl 3,4-dihydroxyl-l-phenylalanine-co-heptaisobutyl substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane propyl methacrylate) (poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) was synthesized by thermally initiated radical polymerization. In this study, we investigated the effect of the POSS component on adhesion, mechanical, and optical properties of the catechol-group containing bioinspired adhesives. The terpolymer contains the catechol group which is known to improve the adhesion properties of polymers. Only a very small amount of the POSS-containing monomer, MPOSS, was included, 0.5 mol %. In the presence of POSS, the synthesized poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) demonstrated strong adhesion properties, 23.2 ± 6.2 J/m2 with 0.05 N preloading and 300 s holding time, compared to many previously prepared catechol-containing adhesives. The mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and stress at 10% strain) of the POSS-containing terpolymer showed significant increases ...
The clinical impact of cytomegalovirus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Why the quest for meaningful prophylaxis still matters

Latent infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common. Functional immunity effectively contains such latent infections; however, CMV reactivation may cause significant complications in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). In spite of the universal implementation of post-transplant screening for CMV viremia and the institution of pre-emptive antiviral management, CMV disease still occurs in a small portion of patients. Moreover, interactions between CMV and the immune system have significant implications for the incidence of graft-versus-host disease, the recurrence of malignancy, and non-relapse mortality following alloHCT, even in the era of pre-emptive antiviral management. CMV serostatus thus remains an important consideration for patients undergoing alloHCT. We review the clinical impact of CMV in the setting of alloHCT, interactions between CMV serostatus, viral reactivation, and transplant outcomes, as well as current and evolving strategies for prevention and treatment of CMV-related complications that may have significant impact for alloHCT recipients.
Carbonatite Dykes from Kudangulam Area, Near Cape Comorin, Tamil Nadu

Occurrence of dyke rocks of carbonatites in charnockites and granite gneisses near Kudangulam village situated 20 km NE of Cape Comorin, Tamil Nadu is reported. Petrography and Chemical composition of these rocks reveal that coarse grained curbonatites were formed under subvolcanic miarolitic crystallization from a degassed carbonatitic melt.
Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Biaryl Coupling: Non-Redox Cocatalysis by Cu(OTf)2 and Discovery of Fe(OTf)3 as a Highly Effective Cocatalyst

Copper salts find widespread use in Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions, and they are typically used as oxidants or redox-active cocatalysts. Here, we probe the origin of a dramatic acceleration effect of Cu(OTf)2 in the C–H/C–H aerobic oxidative coupling of o-xylene. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the PdII catalyst in the presence of Cu(OTf)2, together with other experimental and DFT computational studies of the catalytic reaction, show that Cu(OTf)2 activates the PdII catalyst for C–H activation via a non-redox pathway and has negligible impact on catalyst reoxidation. These observations led to the testing of other metal triflate salts as cocatalysts, the results of which show that Fe(OTf)3 is even more effective than Cu(OTf)2.
Moving beyond sparsity by transferring expert knowledge

In the last fifty years, signal processing and machine learning experts have developed a wide range of algorithms to address a diverse set of inference and information processing tasks. New algorithms are often developed based on new structures that experts discover in data. For instance, the JPEG compression uses the sparse representation of images in the discrete cosine domain. In this talk, all algorithms and structures that researchers have discovered are called expert knowledge. Ideally, this knowledge is expected to be readily transferable to new applications. The evolution of imaging has shown that this natural expectation has still not been met; researchers have worked for ten years on compressed imaging, and the “signal structures” that have been developed for this task are still simpler than those used for image denoising.
2,5-Dihydrophenylalanine (DHP) from an Axenic Culture of ErwiniaAmylovora: Possible Cause of Fireblight Necrosis

When Erwinia amylovora causes disease in apples, pears and other rosaceous species, necrotic lesions typically accompanied by a black discoloration develop. Our study was aimed at the isolation and identification of bacterial phytotoxins that may be involved in this disease process. Fractions of culture filtrates from E. amylovora grown in a chemically defined medium gave rise to growth inhibition and discoloration of a Bartlett pear suspension culture. These results encouraged us to pursue the search of bacterial phytotoxins further and finally led to the isolation of DHP. DHP is a known enzyme inhibitor, but it is easily dehydrogenated to phenylalanine, which counteracts the biological activity of DHP. This characteristic makes the identification of DHP in a biological matrix difficult and might have prevented its detection by other investigators. In contrast to suspension cultures of Bartlett pear and Jonathan apple, which ceased growth upon inoculation with DHP-containing fractions, a tomato suspension culture turned completely black, but continued to grow. Therefore, the possibility exists that DHP also accounts for the hypersensitivity reaction produced by E. amylovora in non-host plants.
Can mixed assessment methods make biology classes more equitable

Many factors have been proposed to explain the attrition of women in science, technology, engineering and math fields, among them the lower performance of women in introductory courses resulting from deficits in incoming preparation. We focus on the impact of mixed methods of assessment, which minimizes the impact of high-stakes exams and rewards other methods of assessment such as group participation, low-stakes quizzes and assignments, and in-class activities. We hypothesized that these mixed methods would benefit individuals who otherwise underperform on high-stakes tests. Here, we analyze gender-based performance trends in nine large (N > 1000 students) introductory biology courses in fall 2016. Females underperformed on exams compared to their male counterparts, a difference that does not exist with other methods of assessment that compose course grade. Further, we analyzed three case studies of courses that transitioned their grading schemes to either de-emphasize or emphasize exams as a proportion of total course grade. We demonstrate that the shift away from an exam emphasis consequently benefits female students, thereby closing gaps in overall performance. Further, the exam performance gap itself is reduced when the exams contribute less to overall course grade. We discuss testable predictions that follow from our hypothesis, and advocate for the use of mixed methods of assessments (possibly as part of an overall shift to active learning techniques). We conclude by challenging the student deficit model, and suggest a course deficit model as explanatory of these performance gaps, whereby the microclimate of the classroom can either raise or lower barriers to success for underrepresented groups in STEM.
Selective laser melting of AlSi10 Mg: Influence of process parameters on Mg2Si precipitation and Si spheroidization

Abstract In Selective Laser Melting (SLM) both structural and functional properties of built parts are drastically affected by the process parameters, such as laser beam power, exposure time and building platform temperature. The effect of the mentioned parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AlSi10 Mg SLM builts were investigated. It was found that chemical composition, melting point and phases morphology were not varied. On the contrary, thermal analysis indicated that Mg2Si precipitation as well as Si spheroidization phenomena were slightly affected by laser energy density. This effect becomes relevant for choosing the right thermal treatments required for mechanical property optimization of SLM built Al alloy components.
Estimación de consumos de suelo para el servicio público domiciliario de agua

El dimensionamiento del consumo de suelo de soporte para el funcionamiento urbano es fundamental para determinar el crecimiento de las ciudades. Este articulo establece un parametro de medicion de ese suelo a partir de la relacion entre las demandas de consumo de servicios publicos basados en el agua y los rendimientos hidricos en ocho municipios colombianos. Los resultados establecen un valor de referencia para la estimacion del suelo de soporte que vinculan a la gestion del plan territorial las areas protegidas para la produccion de los bienes objeto del servicio y la integracion con el sistema de movilidad al interior de las ciudades para su distribucion a los usuarios.
Optical Beamforming for Phased Array Antennas

Optical signal processing methods provide the antenna array designer with unique capabilities unavailable using conventional microwave techniques. The broadband nature of microwave-photonic components coupled with the wide variety of optical control techniques allow for the efficient steering of radiation patterns from a mechanically static antenna. This chapter gives an overview of the operational requirements for the control of broad-band phased arrays and presents many of the innovative approaches that researchers in this area have used to accomplish this task. It will enable the reader to understand the fundamental concepts associated with phased array antenna theory such as true-time-delay vs. phase shift beamforming, fiber optic link performance, antenna array architectures (feed structures, sub arrays), and modern optical beamforming techniques.
Die Chancen des mobilen Internets nutzen

Es ist schon, fur ein Unternehmen zu arbeiten, das seine mobile Philosophie selbst lebt. Fur mich als Mitarbeiterin bedeutet dies, dass ich zum Beispiel jederzeit und uberall Zugriff auf die Kontaktdaten aller meiner etwa 43.000 Kollegen weltweit habe. Zugegebenermasen braucht man ca. 40.000 davon nie und 2.000 davon recht selten; aber wie oft schon hat ein Kollege ein Geschaft beschleunigt, der gerade nicht in meinem Handheld eingespeichert war. Es ist wirklich selten, dass ein Geschaftsabschluss davon abhangt; aber wenn er beschleunigt werden kann, liegt das meist an der Uberzeugung und dem Vertrauen des Geschaftspartners. Ich mus zugeben, dass ich vor zwei Jahren auch sehr beeindruckt gewesen ware — heute empfinde ich es als selbstverstandlich, mobil auf die Daten in unserem Firmennetzwerk zugreifen zu konnen.
Secondary Bus Performance in Retiring Cache Write-Backs to Memory

Processor bus access latencies and queuing delays continue to remain a major bottleneck for communication between the CPU and other devices even with the use of multi-level caches. Write buffer induced stalls can be significant in data intensive applications. A number of writeback strategies have been proposed with a goal of reducing the cache miss penalty, but the focus has not been on these write buffer induced stalls. In this paper, we evaluate the use of a secondary bus that handles memory writes, connecting the level 2 on-chip cache to the main memory. Simulation results on the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks show that the addition of this bus results in program execution speed-up of up to 19% and reduction in the queuing delay on the main system bus by more than 95% even during high traffic on the system bus. This secondary bus is useful in real time applications and with programs having substantial I/O and graphics processing operations.
The Layman’s (Juror’s) Perspective on Insanity

Insanity trials like Hinckley’s and M’Naghten’s have been high drama, public morality plays that provoke sound and fury. Headlining the cast of characters are the defendant and the victim, while under the marquee, eminent jurists, lawyers, and psychological experts compete for center stage spotlight. The press, the public, and political leaders, an attentive, although not always an appreciative audience, follow the drama to its denouement and verdict.… Upstaged and overshadowed by the more dramatis personae of the trial are the jurors, who are typically regarded as merely minor characters, when they are regarded at all. But all of that changes when these jurors bring in a nettlesome verdict; when that happens, the spotlight shifts, the jurors and their decision occupy center stage position, and the audience reacts—usually with a chorus of bewilderment, criticism, and ascriptions. The postscripts of two of history’s most celebrated insanity cases, M’Naghten (1843) and United States v. Hinckley (1981) illustrate this reaction. (Finkel, 1988, p. 97)
Procedural Sedation and Anesthesia in the PICU

Critically ill children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) frequently undergo painful and anxiety-provoking procedures as part of their overall evaluation and management; these may include central line insertion, arterial line placement, chest tube placement, and lumbar puncture. Recently there has been a growing trend towards performing elective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children, which formerly required hospitalization, as same-day ambulatory procedures. Procedural sedation is often utilized to facilitate the safe and successful performance of these ambulatory procedures in children, in order to minimize complications and decrease the pain and anxiety associated with them.
Analysis of Genetic Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent limb posture and movement abnormalities caused by certain injuries to fetal or neonatal brain before its growth and development is completed. It is reported abroad that the incidence of cerebral palsy in live births (including full-term and preterm infants) is about 1/500, which is the most common disability disease in children. Despite many epidemiological studies, the cause of the epidemic has not yet been identified, because cerebral palsy is a complex group of symptoms, rather than a simple disease which is usually diagnosed clinically around the age of one. Some severe complications during pregnancy, such as placental abruption, umbilical cord prolapse, and uterine rupture, significantly increase the risk of cerebral palsy, but in general these factors account for only a small proportion of cerebral palsy. At present, the major risk factors for cerebral palsy widely known at home and abroad are preterm infants, intrauterine infections or maternal fever at birth, ischemic stroke, congenital malformations, fetal intrauterine abnormal growth, and multiple pregnancies. In addition, a great deal of evidence suggests that although genetic factors are not the primary cause of cerebral palsy, they may increase genetic susceptibility to cerebral palsy. Any kind of pathogenic factor reaching a certain degree of severity may cause cerebral palsy. But more often than not, multiple risk factors jointly destroy the body's defense mechanism and eventually lead to cerebral palsy.
Mathematics and RAM Untangling the Web of Math Tools and Their Applications

Mathematical tools are a powerful language for translation of the plain words used to explain concepts and scenarios of events and their combinations. Reliability discipline addresses concepts and scenarios but due to use of similar or same terms, lack of explanation what mathematics to use for specific conditions the tools may be used inappropriately. Those errors lead to results that do not represent specific combinations of events and lead to incorrect conclusions and decisions which may lead to a variety of consequences including the very costly critical and catastrophic. Statistic and mathematics may be sorted out as Continuous and discrete distributions: Continuous probability distributions model time to failure of the single non-repaired items (components or systems and their parameters have various characteristics that are described here.
Ti-Catalyzed Radical Alkylation of Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Chlorides Using Michael Acceptors.

Alkyl chlorides are common functional groups in synthetic organic chemistry. However, the engagement of unactivated alkyl chlorides, especially tertiary alkyl chlorides, in transition-metal-catalyzed C–C bond formation remains challenging. Herein, we describe the development of a TiIII-catalyzed radical addition of 2° and 3° alkyl chlorides to electron-deficient alkenes. Mechanistic data are consistent with inner-sphere activation of the C–Cl bond featuring TiIII-mediated Cl atom abstraction. Evidence suggests that the active TiIII catalyst is generated from the TiIV precursor in a Lewis-acid-assisted electron transfer process.
Energy Deposition for High-Speed Flow Control

Written by a leading expert in the field, this book presents a novel method for controlling high-speed flows past aerodynamic shapes using energy deposition via direct current (DC), laser or microwave discharge, and describes selected applications in supersonic and hypersonic flows. Emphasizing a deductive approach, the fundamental physical principles provided give an understanding of the simplified mathematical models derived therefrom. These features, along with an extensive set of 55 simulations, make the book an invaluable reference that will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working in aerospace engineering and in plasma physics.
Palaeontology: skull morphology of giant terror birds.

These monstrous birds were probably more agile and less portly than previously thought. Imagine a flightless carnivorous bird three metres tall with a skull the size of a horse's, and a vicious, eagle-like bill. What you are imagining is a phorusrhacid ('terror bird'), an extinct lineage that includes the largest known birds. The discovery of an enormous fossil avian skull from the middle Miocene of Patagonia (Comallo, Argentina) prompts a reanalysis of what the phorusrhacids looked like, and the suggestion that there were marked differences between the morphology of large and small variants.