cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of the Effects of Military Deployment on Reserve Component Children

There are more than half a million military Reserve Component (RC) connected children but little research that has examined the effects of parental deployment on this population. Much of what is known comes from active duty families. There is a need to better understand the effects of RC parental deployment on children and families. This scoping review examined the current literature on the impact of parental deployment in RC families. We used the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to guide the search, data charting, synthesis, and review. We searched PubMed, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Social Work Abstracts databases for relevant articles published in English on impact of parental deployment on military connected children. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria out of the total 1393 studies identified in our search. These studies were all conducted in the USA, and years of publication ranged between 2002 and 2017. Findings were classified into four themes, namely, role changes for non-deployed parents, behavior changes in children, child anxiety and fear, and support networks. Knowing if deployment impacts RC children and families differently from active duty families will guide development of appropriate policy and programs that better support them during periods of prolonged active duty service and to enhance recruitment and retention. Therefore, further research is needed to identify and develop interventions to address problems highlighted in our themes including, behavioral problems in children, child anxiety and fear, and role changes for the non-deployed parents/children, and support networks.
Hedge funds and the technology bubble

This paper documents that hedge funds did not exert a correcting force on stock prices during the technology bubble. Instead, they were heavily invested in technology stocks. This does not seem to be the result of unawareness of the bubble: Hedge funds captured the upturn, but, by reducing their positions in stocks that were about to decline, avoided much of the downturn. Our findings question the efficient markets notion that rational speculators always stabilize prices. They are consistent with models in which rational investors may prefer to ride bubbles because of predictable investor sentiment and limits to arbitrage. TECHNOLOGY STOCKS ON NASDAQ ROSE to unprecedented levels during the 2 years leading up to March 2000. Ofek and Richardson (2002) estimate that at the peak, the entire internet sector, comprising several hundred stocks, was priced as if the average future earnings growth rate across all these firms would exceed the growth rates experienced by some of the fastest growing individual firms in the past, and, at the same time, the required rate of return would be 0% for the next few decades. By almost any standard, these valuation levels are so extreme that this period appears to be another episode in the history of asset price bubbles. Shiller (2000) argues that the stock price increase was driven by irrational euphoria among individual investors, fed by an emphatic media, which maximized TV ratings and catered to investor demand for pseudonews. Of course, only few economists doubt that there are both rational and irrational market participants. However, there are two opposing views about whether rational traders correct the price impact of behavioral traders. Proponents of the
Small Things Considered

Life is tough out there. If chemistry (via oxidizing radicals) doesn't get you, sunlight (via UV irradiation) will. No wonder that cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have an intense preoccupation with keeping their DNA intact. In most organisms, a considerable portion of the genome is devoted to doing this, typically by either of two good ways. One is to repair damaged DNA, the other to reacquire undamaged DNA from undamaged cells by homologous recombination. The two are biochemically the same process, varying only in the context of how they are used. But for prokaryotes to acquire undamaged DNA from another cell, donor and recipient cells must conjugate, and that doesn't grow on trees. To make sure that it takes place with some frequency, some archaea have evolved a neat intracellular signaling system. The punch line is that they respond to UV irradiation by activating their cell-cell conjugation system.
The Relationship between Faculty Diversity and Student Success in Public Community Colleges

Community colleges serve the most diverse student populations in higher education yet have some of the lowest levels of faculty diversity in higher education. Retaining community college student co...
How Do Remote Audits Impact Auditor Liability Exposure? Exploring Jurors’ Perceptions of Interview Evidence Collected during the COVID-19 Pandemic (preprint)

The COVID-19 Pandemic has arguably accelerated auditors’ shifts to 100% remote audits, with unknown consequences on auditor liability exposure. In this experimental study, a moderated-mediation model is proposed and tested to explore the joint effects of the modality of auditors’ interview evidence collection and the COVID-19 Pandemic on jurors’ perceptions of auditors’ intentions to collect high quality evidence and auditor liability. 158 jury eligible participants read a case that manipulated the client interview modality (face-to-face vs. remote/virtual) and the timing of the audit (before vs. during the COVID-19 Pandemic) in a 2x2 between-subjects experiment examining jurors’ perceptions of auditors who failed to detect collusion. After reading the case, participants provided their perceptions of auditors’ intent to collect high quality evidence and auditor liability for shareholder losses. Results indicate that, while the risks are likely to be lessened during the COVID-19 Pandemic time period, auditors may be exposed to increased risk of liability for collecting interview evidence virtually outside of the COVID-19 Pandemic time period.
A Longitudinal Study of the Utilization of Production Management Techniques by Small Electronics Firms

This study is a longitudinal examination of the changes that have taken place in the utilization of production management tools and techniques through the 1981-1988 time period. Results suggest that small electronic manufacturing firms are actively attempting to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their manufacturing process. Of particular interest is the apparent emphasis on seeking to contain costs while simplifying the manufacturing process.
High-quality vehicle trajectory generation from video data based on vehicle detection and description

Vehicle trajectories contain rich information on microscopic phenomena such as car following and lane changing. Despite many efforts to retrieve reliable trajectories from video images, previous approaches do not give high enough quality of trajectories that can be used in microscopic analysis. We introduce a new vehicle tracking approach based on a model-based 3-D vehicle detection and description algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a probabilistic line feature grouping method to detect vehicles with little computation. A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for fast reasoning. We present the system implementation and the vehicle detection and tracking results.
RDA Implementation and Training Issues across United States Academic Libraries: An In-Depth E-Mail Interview Study.

This study aims at providing in-depth perspectives on the ways in which cataloging and metadata professionals have coped with RDA training and implementation through an e-mail interview method. Results show that the performance-based, “learn-as-you-go,” peer learning method is found by practitioners to be most effective in acquiring and applying RDA knowledge and skills to real work situations. In terms of local RDA training resources, catalogers in research libraries have access to many special in-house training sessions. In contrast, those working in non-research libraries rely mostly on webinars and other online learning materials. The study shows that different versions of RDA instruction and training materials produced by the Library of Congress and other organizations have contributed to some confusion among practitioners. This indicates that it is critical for practitioners to access up-to-date, standard training materials that include concrete examples, best practices, and practical workbooks. The study also points out that there is currently a gap for practitioners between their day-to-day cataloging practices and RDA principles based on the FRBR framework. As RDA moves us to a Linked Data world, there will be a critical need to bridge this gap. The results also indicate that considerable efforts need to be made to provide more training materials in relatively “blank” areas, such as special, non-book formats, and foreign language materials.
Spontaneous buckling of lipid bilayer and vesicle budding induced by antimicrobial peptide magainin 2: a coarse-grained simulation study.

Molecular mechanisms of the action of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial membranes were studied by large scale coarse-grained simulations of magainin 2–dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPC/POPG) mixed bilayer systems with spatial extents up to 0.1 μm containing up to 1600 peptides. Equilibrium simulations exhibit disordered toroidal pores stabilized by peptides. However, when a layer of peptides is placed near the lipid head groups on one side of the bilayer only, their incorporation leads to a spontaneous buckling of the bilayer. This buckling is followed by the formation of a quasi-spherical vesicular bud connected to the bilayer by a narrow neck. The mean curvature of the budding region is consistent with what is expected based on the dependence of the area per lipid on the peptide-to-lipid ratio in equilibrium simulations. Our simulations suggest that the incorporation of antimicrobial peptides on the exterior surface of a vesicle or a bacterial cell leads to buckl...
Simulation of turbulent flows containing strong shocks

Simulation of turbulent flows with strong shocks is a computationally challenging problem. The requirements for a method to produce accurate results for turbulence are orthogonal to those needed to treat shocks properly. In order to prevent an unphysical rate of decay of turbulent structures, it is necessary to use a method with very low numerical dissipation. Because of this, central difference schemes are widely used. However, computing strong shocks with a central difference scheme can produce unphysical post-shock oscillations that corrupt the entire flow unless additional dissipation is added. This dissipation can be difficult to localize to the area near the shock and can lead to inaccurate treatment of the turbulence. Modern high-resolution shock-capturing methods usually use upwind algorithms to provide the dissipation necessary to stabilize shocks. However, this upwind dissipation can also lead to an unphysical rate of decay of the turbulence. This paper discusses a hybrid method for simulating turbulent flows with strong shocks that couples a high-order central difference scheme with a high-resolution shock-capturing method. The shock-capturing method is used only in the vicinity of discontinuities in the flow, whereas the central difference scheme is used in the remainder of the computational domain. Results of this new method will be shown for a variety of test problems. Preliminary results for a realistic application involving detonation in gas-particle flows will also be presented.
Secular solution for delta-V during spin rate change maneuvers of rigid body spacecraft

Analytic expressions have been found for Euler's Equations of Motion and for the Eulerian Angles for both symmetric and near symmetric rigid bodies under the influence of arbitrary constant body-fixed torques. These solutions have been used to solve for the secular terms in the translational delta-V equations in inertial space. This secular delta-V solution is of interest in application to spinning spacecraft in that it describes the average direction of the delta-V of the spacecraft during a spin-up maneuver. Numerical integration of the governing differential equations has verified that the secular delta-V solution is valid for large time and is accurate in many physical situations including spin-up maneuvers of the Galileo spacecraft.
Multilayers for x-ray optics

Soon after the discovery of x rays and their property of constructive interference scattering (diffraction) by solids resulting from the ordered array of atoms forming the solids, it was proposed that man-made (synthetic) layered structures might extend the range of utility of this phenomenon into spectral domains not accessible using naturally occurring crystalline materials. The synthesis of such layered materials has been of research interest since the 1920s, and in the past decade processes for the formation of multilayer structures of sufficient quality for x-ray optic applications have been developed. In this paper a brief review of the history of this work is given. The development of effective synthesis processes is then considered and current approaches summarized. The current status of the field of multilayer x-ray optics is then discussed, with emphasis on figured structures. Current limitations and the potential for both technological and scientific advances are then considered.
Substance use after participation in laboratory studies involving smoked cocaine self-administration

Objective Laboratory studies in which drugs of abuse are self- or experimenter-administered to non-treatment-seeking research volunteers provide valuable data about new pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders, as well as behavioral and performance data for understanding the neurobiology of drug abuse. This paper analyzed follow-up data from six smoked cocaine self-administration laboratory studies, in order to determine whether changes in substance use occurred 1 and 3 months after study participation compared to pre-study baseline.
Fabrication Of Electroless Nickel-Plated Mirrors On Alnico Substrates

Spherical metal mirrors have been fabricated by grinding and polishing the desired curvature in electroless nickel deposited over copper electroplated directly on the surfaces of Alnico magnets. Several different electroless nickel plating solutions were investigated, along with a variety of masking materials. Through careful selection of materials and refinements in technique a satisfactory fabrication procedure was developed.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sociodrama for Training Applied Anthropologists

As a practicing anthropologist with strong ties to university-based graduate training programs, I have occasionally been invited to give guest lectures to classes in applied anthropology, evaluation research, and public administration. When asked to share my practical experience, what I have most often wanted to communicate to students are the lessons learned on the job about how administrators, program people, and researchers get on with one another. I am referring to my own struggles to learn and adapt to the social realities of how public agencies make decisions about the proper use of social science research. While lectures on behavior in complex organizations may be helpful, experience is the better teacher. Toward this end, my colleague Carol Bryant, a Ph.D. anthropologist with the Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky Health Department, and I have developed a technique to help trainees experience the multi dimensional character of applied social science problems in human service systems. Combining rol...
Cost and performance impacts of transit subsidy programs

Abstract The Reagan Administration's plans to eliminate federal transit operating assistance are based on the belief that subsidies encourage inefficiencies, productivity declines, and lax management. Surprisingly, however, there has been little statistical analysis to date which demonstrates the effects of subsidies on operating performance, cost trends, and ridership. This paper attempts to contribute in this area by examining the historical effects of subsidies on the cost and performance trends of 17 California transit properties. Using a pooled time series analysis, it is found that subsidies have indeed had a degrading effect on transit performance over time, although the impacts have generally been modest. In particular, subsidies appear to have had a stronger influence on transit's cost spiral as opposed to productivity and ridership declines. In addition, the effects of local subsidies are found to be far more onerous than federal and state ones, perhaps exerting twice the impact. It is concluded that probably much of the blame placed on transit subsidies has been excessive, and that there's probably better ground for reducing local aid vis-a-vis federal assistance.
Intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition/thermal fragmentation: formally "allowed" and "forbidden"pathways toward 5-8-5 ring systems.

The thermal fragmentation of highly functionalized, linear polycyclobutanes with a cis,syn,cis-relative stereochemistry is shown to offer a rapid entry into the dicyclopenta[a,d]cyclooctenyl (5−8−5) ring system. The thermolysis of polyfused cyclobutanes with a cis,syn,cis- or a cis,anti,cis-relationship proceeds in a formally “symmetry-allowed” manner through the intermediacy of a cis,trans-cyclooctadiene. When a bridging tether used to establish the cis,syn,cis-stereochemistry in the intramolecular [2 + 2] photocyclization is present in the thermolysis step, however, the result of a formally “symmetry-forbidden” fragmentation is observed yielding cis,cis-cyclooctadiene-containing 5−8−5 products. In general, the stereochemical observations noted in these fragmentations offer new opportunities for accessing a variety of stereochemical relationships in these 5−8−5 ring systems.
Caspases at the crossroads of immune-cell life and death

Caspases are responsible for crucial aspects of inflammation and immune-cell death that are disrupted in a number of genetic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The caspase family of proteases can be divided into pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory members based on their substrate specificity and participation in separate signalling cascades. However, as discussed here, evidence has emerged over the past few years that a number of the caspases thought to be involved solely in apoptosis also contribute to specific aspects of immune-cell development, activation and differentiation, and can even protect cells from some forms of cell death.
Recent advances in computational aeroacoustics

There are intrinsic differences between the characteristics and the objectives of aeroacoustics problems and typical fluid dynamics problems. These differences are not addressed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). They form some of the major challenges to computational aeroacoustics (CAA). Recent advances in CAA methodologies to meet those challenges are reviewed. They include the development of high resolution CAA methods, artificial selective damping and high quality numerical boundary conditions. One unique development in CAA that has no counterpart in CFD is the wave number analysis approach. Wave number analysis not only can yield an absolute error incurred in the use of a discretized computational method but also offers a way to develop optimized computation schemes. It is indispensable in analyzing dispersion and dissipation errors associated with wave propagation computations. To illustrate the impact of CAA on aeroacoustics, an example of CAA application will be briefly discussed. As CAA application expands in scope, new challenges to CAA emerge. Some of the more pressing challenges that may well chart the future development of CAA methodology are elaborated.
Validity and sensitivity of ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors: manipulation of affect by diazepam.

The results of two experiments suggest that sensory and affective verbal descriptors provide a valid scaling method which discriminates between the sensory intensity and the affect, or unpleasantness, of electrocutaneous stimuli. Twenty-four subjects judged the sensory intensity and affect of noxious electrocutaneous stimuli by choosing verbal descriptors from randomized lists and by cross-modality matching to time duration and to handgrip force. The psychophysical functions for sensory intensity generated by the descriptor and the cross-modality functions for sensory intensity generated by the descriptor and the cross-modality methods are the same. Psychophysical functions for affect generated by thedescriptor and the cross-modality methods are different. However, only the descriptor method produces psychophysical functions for affect that are significantly different from all the sensory functions. This result suggest that only the descriptor method distinguishes between sensory intensity and affect. The discriminative power of the descriptor method is demonstrated further in an experiment in which 32 subjects rated either the sensory intensity or the affect of the electrocutaneous stimuli immediately before and after an i.v. administration of 5 mg diazepam. This common minor tranquilizer significantly lowered affective descriptor responses (P less than 0.005) without altering sensory descriptor and sensory and affective handgrip responses. These experiments indicate that sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors may be used as a valid and sensitive tool for the evaluation of pain and pain control methods.
Kinetics of the Yttrium Fluoride Electroreduction in Chloride Melts

To establish the effect of the nature of supporting electrolytes KCl; K, Na/Cl; K, Na, Cs/Cl; and K, Na, Ba/Cl on the electrochemical deposition of yttrium from melts, the electroreduction of yttrium fluoride in the said melts is studied by a linear voltammetry method. The discharge of ions Y3+ in all the melts occurs via one stage. The diffusion coefficients, activation energy, product of transfer coefficients and the number of electrons αnα, diffusion layer thickness, diffusion constant, and rate constant of charge transfer are determined.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Microemulsion Formulation of Elacridar to Improve its Bioavailability

The study objective was to develop a formulation of elacridar to overcome its dissolution-rate-limited bioavailability. Elacridar is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor that has been used to improve the brain distribution of drugs that are substrates of P-gp and BCRP. The chronic use of elacridar is restricted because of the poor solubility leading to poor oral bioavailability. A microemulsion formulation using Cremophor EL, Carbitol, and Captex 355 (6:3:1) was developed. The elacridar microemulsion was effective in the inhibition of P-gp and Bcrp in Madin-Darby canine kidney II-transfected cells. Friend Leukemia Virus Strain B (FVB) mice were used to determine the bioavailability of elacridar after a 10 mg/kg dose of elacridar in the microemulsion, intraperitoneally (i.p.) and orally (p.o.); and the absolute bioavailability was determined to be 1.3 and 0.47, respectively. Coadministration of elacridar microemulsion i.p. with p.o. erlotinib in FVB mice improved the erlotinib brain penetration threefold. The current study shows that a microemulsion formulation of elacridar is effective in improving the bioavailability of elacridar and is an effective inhibitor of P-gp and Bcrp, in vitro and in vivo. It offers an alternative to the suspension and allows a decrease in the dose required to achieve a significant inhibitory effect at the blood-brain barrier.
N,N′-bispyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (PLED) and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (SHBED)

Abstract The sexadentate ligands, N,N′-bispyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (PLED) and N,N′-bis-2- hydroxy-5-sulfobenzylethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (SHBED) have been synthesized for the first time in pure form, and the stability constants of the complexes formed with divalent and trivalent metal ions have been determined (Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) for PLED, and Fe(III), Ga(III), In(III) and Gd(III) for PLED and SHBED). The equilibrium data in this paper are considered reliable and supercede the less accurate values previously reported in the literature.
Pyrazole treatment of rats potentiates CCL4-but not CHCL3-hepatotoxicity.

Abstract Rats were treated with pyrazole to increase the liver content of the “alcohol-inducible” form of cytochrome P-450. This treatment increased the sensitivity of these animals to CCl4-hepatotoxicity assessed by increases in SGPT and SGOT levels and decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aniline p-hydroxylase activity. However, the hepatotoxicity of CHCl3 was not increased by pyrazole-treatment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the “alcohol-inducible” form of cytochrome P-450 is capable of CCl4- but not CHCl3-activation.
The science of mind body medicine and the public health challenges of today

An expanding research base of mind body medicine is adding to our understanding of stress, allostasis, and resiliency. This article will summarize a rationale in support of efficiently and effectively using mind body approaches as agents of self-care enhancement in an effort to meet major public health challenges around the world.
Student-Centered Practice in the 21st Century Community College

This article reflects how the student development theories of William Perry and Robert Kegan are useful in understanding the student behaviors in community and technical colleges. Leaders of these organizations must incorporate theory-based practices in order to promote a student-centered culture. Examples are given as illustrations of how community colleges can put student development theories into practice to facilitate student success in the 21st century.
Depth and orientational dependencies of MRI T2 and T1ρ sensitivities towards trypsin degradation and Gd-DTPA2− presence in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution

Abstract Depth and orientational dependencies of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T 2 and T 1ρ sensitivities were studied in native and trypsin-degraded articular cartilage before and after being soaked in 1 mM Gd-DTPA 2− solution. When the cartilage surface was perpendicular to B 0 , a typical laminar appearance was visible in T 2 -weighted images but not in T 1ρ -weighted images, especially when the spin-lock field was high (2 kHz). At the magic angle (55°) orientation, neither T 2 - nor T 1ρ -weighted image had a laminar appearance. Trypsin degradation caused a depth- and orientational-dependent T 2 increase (4%–64%) and a more uniform T 1ρ increase at a sufficiently high spin-lock field (55%–81%). The presence of the Gd ions caused both T 2 and T 1ρ to decrease significantly in the degraded tissue (6%–38% and 44%–49%, respectively) but less notably in the native tissue (5%–10% and 16%–28%, respectively). A quantity Sensitivity was introduced that combined both the percentage change and the absolute change in the relaxation analysis. An MRI experimental protocol based on two T 1ρ measurements (without and with the presence of the Gd ions) was proposed to be a new imaging marker for cartilage degradation.
The value of the atrial electrokymogram in the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation; observations on patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis before and after mitral valvuloplasty.

The difficulty of correct clinical assessment of the functional state of the diseased mitral valve has prompted this re-evaluation of the atrial electrokymogram in 15 patients with rheumatic mitral disease. By means of a technic stressing careful placing of the pick-up device and recording from multiple locations along the left atrial border, a pattern characteristic of mitral regurgitation could be demonstrated. In general, the electrokymographic predictions correlated well with the operative findings.
SE7: Next generation energy scavenging systems

A decade of research and development in the area of energy scavenging has resulted in micro-generators based on photovoltaic, vibration, and thermal mechanisms that produce 10's to 100's microwatts of power. These generators could power ultra low-power portable devices from sensors and embedded processors to MP3 players, medical electronics, etc. More recently, there has also been a push towards wireless power transfer that can provide power to higher power portable equipments or appliances.
The historical basis of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases

The “nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) initially emerged in single case reports several centuries ago. However, it was not until the latter half of the 19th century that they were recognized as distinct clinical entities. The early history of ulcerative colitis is lost in the obscurity of ancient medicine and the complexities of the infectious colitides. The early history of Crohn's disease is featured in numerous reports of tumor-like inflammatory masses of the abdomen, then regarded erroneously as neoplastic and, at a time of limited abdominal surgery, left untreated. The remarkably descriptive accounts by G. B. Morgagni (1761); S. Wilks (1859); T. K. Dalziel (1913); and B. Crohn, L. Ginzberg, and G. Oppenheimer (1932) highlight the initial inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) literature. These IBD reports also suggest early but understandably limited consideration of several of the current IBD etiologic concepts [microbial, immunologic, nutritional, injurious agents in the fecal stream, and familial (genetic) relationships]. The increasing incidence of patients with ulcerative colitis during the first third to one-half of the 20th century, which has now stabilized, and the increasing numbers of patients with regional enteritis (Crohn's disease) during the second half of the century are consistent with an epidemiologic pattern reflecting environmental etiologic factors.
Protein alkylation by the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. A reversible mechanism of electrophile signaling?

Acrolein, a reactive aldehyde found in cigarette smoke, is thought to induce its biological effects primarily by irreversible adduction to cellular nucleophiles such as cysteine thiols. Here, we demonstrate that acrolein rapidly inactivates the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in human bronchiolar epithelial HBE1 cells, which recovered over 4–8 h by a mechanism depending on the presence of cellular GSH and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and corresponding with reversal of protein–acrolein adduction. Our findings indicate that acrolein-induced protein alkylation is not necessarily a feature of irreversible protein damage, but may reflect a reversible signaling mechanism that is regulated by GSH and Trx1.
Homoclinics for a Hamiltonian with wells at different levels

We consider a Hamiltonian equation of the form (HS) $$\ddot{q}(t) = -V_q(t, q(t))$$ for which V has two distinct non-degenerate maxima at different levels: 0 is a local maximum and $$\xi \neq 0$$ is an absolute maximum. Under standard non-degeneracy conditions on V, our main result is that there is a solution of (HS) homoclinic to 0. Then, supposing that another geometric condition holds, we show the existence of infinitely many solutions of (HS) homoclinic to 0 that are distinguished from one another by the number of times and regions where the solutions stay away from 0. As a corollary, we show that if there is a solution of (HS) homoclinic to $$\xi$$ , then there are infinitely many solutions of (HS) homoclinic to 0, distinguished by the number and position of intersections with 1/2.
Deficits in consummatory responses to regulatory challenges following basal ganglia lesions in rats

Abstract This study analyzed the responses of rats with electrolytic lesions of the globi pallidi or of three different striatal regions to various regulatory challenges. Pallidal lesions abolished drinking during intracellular dehydration, feeding during glucoprivation (2-DG), and sodium appetite normally induced by desoxycorticosterone. Striatal lesions in the central part of the structure sparing the pallidum impaired feeding during 2-DG and the induction of sodium appetite, but did not alter drinking produced by intracellular dehydration. Rats with anterior or posterior striatal damage were not reliably different from controls on any of these measure. Animals with pallidal, central, and posterior striatal damage had abnormally low water intakes during food deprivation. the number of regulatory impairments found was related to the duration of aphagia initially following surgery. These results suggest that components of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome can be produced by lesions along the nigrostriatal dopamine trajectory which spare hypothalamic tissue, and indicate that anatomical specificity may exist within the striatum for regulating these behavioral responses.
Aggregation and irrelevance in multi-sector models

Abstract This paper studies the ability of input–output relationships to generate fluctuations in aggregate output in several multi-sector models, including that of Long and Plosser (1983) . In these models, the manufacture of each sector’s output depends on other sectors for materials. These interconnections provide a mechanism for transmission of shocks across sectors and over time. We ask how aggregates from these multi-sector models behave relative to single-sector models. We provide conditions under which the second moment properties of aggregates in these models are the same as their single-sector counterparts. We further demonstrate that a broad class of input–output structures generate aggregates with identical second moment properties, and that the input–output structures in this class provide a poor amplification mechanism for sector shocks.
Compact super wideband monopole antenna with switchable dual band-notched characteristics

A Compact implementation of a microstrip monopole antenna for the future super wideband (SWB) communications is proposed. The proposed antenna possesses an excellent impedance bandwidth performance over a broad frequency range (3 to 33 GHz) with switchable dual band-notch characteristics. The notch bands were realized using bandstop resonators to reject lower and/or upper WLAN applications (5.15 to 5.35 GHz and 5.725 to 5.825 GHz, respectively). The proposed resonators with open circuit stubs allow operation at low frequencies while maintaining a compact size. Switching elements were incorporated into the design to provide the switching functionality of the notch bands. Full-wave EM simulations were performed for demonstrating the proposed antenna operation.
Preparing Professionals to Face Ethical Challenges in Today's Workplace: Review of the Literature, Implications for PI, and a Proposed Research Agenda

Ethics is very much in the news today and on the minds of those who teach and/or train current and future professionals to work successfully in today's workplaces. While there seems to be agreement that organizations need to address the topic of ethics, there is also a concern about how best to proceed. Ethics and compliance offices, professional codes, ethics conferences, institutes, and centers, formal and informal ethics courses, and ethics hotlines are only some of the ways in which organizations have responded to the need for ethics preparedness. The diversity of our organizations and the global nature of our economy demands attention to multicultural/international issues as well. In this review, we examine the diverse body of literature research that explores teaching and training practices used to address ethical issues in corporations and institutions of higher education and include a special focus on multicultural environments. We discuss implications for PI professionals and propose a research agenda.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG18 arrests follicle-stimulating hormone-induced granulosa cell differentiation: use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for multiple messenger ribonucleic acids

A sensitive assay of multiple mRNAs by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was adopted to study the hormonally regulated expression of steroidogenic enzymes in primary rat granulosa cells in culture. As little as 15-60 ng total RNA prepared from cultured cells were reverse transcribed in the presence of pd(T)6, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted in the presence of specific oligonucleotide pairs designed to identify cDNAs of steroidogenic enzymes. In combination with Northern blot analysis of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) message, it is shown that a novel protein kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG18, arrests the FSH-induced accumulation of P450scc mRNA. This inhibition is dose dependent (IC50, 15 microM) and reversible. The addition of 80 microM AG18 to cells containing high levels of P450scc mRNA caused a rapid decline of the cytochrome message (t 1/2, 5 h), similar to the effect of 30 micrograms/ml alpha-amanitin. However, concomitant addition of the two drugs did not accelerate the mRNA degradation process, suggesting that AG18 does not affect message stabilization. Tyrphostin AG18 did not affect mRNA species that are not FSH inducible, such as the ribosomal protein L19, or the constitutively expressed low levels of steroid 5 alpha-reductase mRNA. Moreover, even the extremely high levels of P450scc mRNA in granulosa-lutein cells, being cAMP independent and terminally differentiated a few hours after LH surge, were not affected by the addition of AG18 in culture. In contrast, two additional key and FSH-inducible steroidogenic enzymes, i.e. aromatase cytochrome P450 and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-I, were inhibited by AG18 at their mRNA levels. These results suggest that an as yet undetermined tyrosine kinase pathway is involved in the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway of FSH action, so that the presence of AG18 does not allow FSH induction of gene expression to occur.
Investigating the effects of physical discomfort on laboratory-induced mood states.

In order to investigate the effects of physical discomfort (i.e., pain) on the induction of mood, 139 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: sad, sad with physical discomfort, happy, and happy with physical discomfort. Consistent with our hypotheses, the addition of physical discomfort resulted in a significantly stronger induction of self-reported depression, with these findings showing temporal specificity and persisting even after statistically controlling for stable response biases. However, other self-reported affective states, as well as cognitive and behavioral measures, were not significantly affected by physical discomfort. Findings are discussed with regard to making the laboratory induction of sad affect more consistent with the multifaceted experience of depression.
Glycerolipid and Fatty Acid Changes in Eastern White Pine Chloroplast Lamellae during the Onset of Winter

Chloroplast lamellae of eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) were analyzed to determine changes in total glycerolipids, component glycerolipids, and glycerolipid fatty acids during the onset of winter hardiness. Samples were collected in September, November, and December when the average daily temperature varied between 23 and −10 C. Before November 2, phospholipids decreased 40 to 85%, glycolipids only 30%. Analysis of individual glycerolipids showed that glycerolipids containing 18:3 fatty acid were retained at the expense of glycerolipids esterified with saturated (16:0 and 18:0) and monounsaturated (18:1) fatty acids. Between mid-November and December, the total quantity of lamellar glycerolipids recovered to the September level. Increases in digalactosyl diglyceride and in 18:3 characterized the recovery period. High lamellar unsaturation achieved by mid-November appeared to be maintained during recovery through preferential incorporation of glycerolipids containing 18:3 (monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine). These results suggest that eastern white pine chloroplasts maintain lamellar viscosity by increasing lamellar unsaturation and tolerate freeze desiccation by increasing the interfacial water-binding capacity of the lamellae.
Mode coupling in open chaotic microcavities

We study the interaction between quasi-modes in dielectric cavities of stadium shape. We show that dependence of two coupled modes on the cavity deformation can be described by the coupled-level model, and extract complex coupling constant. Depending on the value of coupling constant we observe several kinds of quasi-mode evolution.
Techniques for increasing output power from mode-locked semiconductor lasers

Mode-locked semiconductor lasers have drawn considerable attention as compact, reliable, and relatively inexpensive sources of short optical pulses. Advances in the design of such lasers have resulted in vast improvements in pulsewidth and noise performance, at a very wide range of repetition rates. An attractive application for these lasers would be to serve as alternatives for large benchtop laser systems such as dye lasers and solid-state lasers. However, mode-locked semiconductor lasers have not yet approached the performance of such systems in terms of output power. Different techniques for overcoming the problem of low output power from mode-locked semiconductor lasers will be discussed. Flared and arrayed lasers have been used successfully to increase the pulse saturation energy limit by increasing the gain cross section. Further improvements have been achieved by use of the MOPA configuration, which utilizes a flared semiconductor amplifier s amplify pulses to energies of 120 pJ and peak powers of nearly 30W.
Vascular and other complications of chemotherapy for testicular cancer

The chronic toxicities of the drug combinations, VBP and VAB-6, which are used to cure patients with metastatic testicular cancer are not well defined. Recently, Raynaud's phenomenon has been reported to occur in 5–35% of patients treated with VBP. Other vascular complications such as renovascular hypertension, myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents have been anecdotally reported. Since patients with this disease are young, efforts to identify and eliminate chronic drug toxicities are warranted.
Evolution of cooperating and competing individuals in a dynamic fitness environment

Evolving a single individual does not provide a solution when a set of individuals is needed to address different aspects of the problem. Genetic algorithms, however, are typically used to evolve a single individual. We have generalized previous work on modeling the immune system and developed a fitness method that allows a single run of a genetic algorithm to evolve a suite of individuals that compete with each other for fitness and yet cooperate to solve a problem. The method is a form of tournament fitness where individuals compete for fitness with other members of the population. The competitions vary throughout the run, resulting in a changing fitness environment. Experimental results and a preliminary model are described that verify the validity of the approach. We also present explanations for unexpected results from our previous work.
Carbon nanotube antennas

A carbon nanotube is a one-dimensional molecular wire. In this paper, we discuss some of the properties of carbon nanotubes as microwave and mm-wave antennas. We also discuss some of the conceptual issues involved with understanding the interaction of microwaves with one-dimensional quantum wires. While we focus on simple dipole antennas, our discussion applies generally to the interaction of microwaves with nano-materials, including nanotube arrays and composites.
RESTRUCTURED RED MEAT PRODUCTS: IN REVIEW

Restructuring of meat products received considerable attention in the early 1970's. Although the economics and processing of restructuring meats appear favorable to producing a product that has the palatability attributes that are between an intact muscle steak and ground beef, the product has not largely been accepted by either the retail market or institutional trade. This review of literature of restructured red meat products is intended to establish the present state of the art and recommend research needs for the future.
An interpersonal circumplex/five-factor analysis of the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire

Abstract Rejection sensitive persons expect others to reject them, readily interpret ambiguous interpersonal cues as rejection, and overreact to rejection, real or imagined ( Downey & Feldman, 1996 ). Rejection sensitivity—as assessed by the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ)—is psychologically distressing and predicts relationship problems, but questions remain about the measurement properties of the RSQ. For this study, the interpersonal circumplex and five-factor models provided the framework for a comprehensive mapping of rejection sensitivity in the personality domain. College students completed the RSQ, the Interpersonal Adjective Scales Revised-Big Five ( Trapnell & Wiggins, 1990 ), and measures of theoretically relevant constructs. The RSQ had significant interpersonal content, as expected, its angular placement was between IASR-B5 octant scales HI (Unassured-Submissive) and FG (Aloof-Introverted), and it was correlated significantly with Neuroticism. It appears, then, that rejection sensitive persons, as identified by the RSQ, are more likely to avoid rejection by distancing themselves from others, rather than by seeking intimate relationships. The RSQ has adequate psychometric properties, but valid tests of rejection sensitivity as a variable linking early attachment problems to later rejection-avoidance strategies require the inclusion of additional measures.
Measurement of Test and Study Worry and Emotionality in College Students: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Test and Study Attitudes Inventory.

Test worry and emotionality can substantially affect student performance on examinations, and research has shown the deleterious effects of untreated test anxiety. A recently developed measure, the Test and Study Attitudes Inventory (TSAI), has shown promise in the measurement of both test and study related worry and emotionality. The purpose of the present study was to explore the psychometric characteristics of scores on the TSAI in a large sample (n = 1, 537) of college students. Results indicated good internal consistency reliability. Exploratory factor analysis of a smaller portion of the sample (n = 512) indicated a three-factor instrument structure, whereas confirmatory factor analysis with a larger portion of the sample (n = 1, 025) generally supported the four-factor solution posited by the test authors. Implications for use in educational settings are offered.
Mitochondrial heterosis in aging Drosophila hybrids

Abstract Differences and temporal changes in mitochondrial activity were investigated in heterotic and nonheterotic Drosophila melanogaster F 1 reciprocal hybrids and respective inbred parents. Heterosis judged by heavier body weight, greater longevity and superior mitochondrial efficiency was exhibited by one reciprocal cross. In vitro mixtures of parental mitochondria complemented, that is, exhibited enhanced mitochondrial efficiency compared to the midparent average. Significant aging effects were reflected in changing mitochondrial ADP:O ratios, respiratory control ratios, and especially in state 3 respiration rates. Mitochondrial heterosis, judged by ADP:O ratios, was significant through 21 days of age and insignificant at later life stages, with some maternal influence noted. Non-heterotic hybrids exhibited negative mitochondrial heterosis at some growth stages.