cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VARIABILITY IN ANTARCTIC FUR SEAL DIVE DATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR TDR STUDIES

We analyzed 19 dive records obtained from female antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalas gazella) during three austral summer breeding seasons on Seal Island, Antarctica, to assess the extent of individual variation and the potential for using time-depth recorder (TDR) statistics to detect annual changes in six measures of foraging behavior. We report the mean values and typical variability among individuals for dive duration, dive depth, proportion of time submerged, transit time, vertical distance dived, and diving intensity. Dive duration was the least variable and vertical distance dived was the most variable among individual seals. The results were used to estimate the sample sizes required to detect—with acceptable precision and power—differences in the six measures between sites, years, or species. Statistics that vary most among individuals require the largest sample sizes to reliably detect a given percentage difference between annual means. Interestingly, we also observed the most significant interannual differences in those same statistics. These results emphasize that specifying the magnitude of the (interannual, intersite or interspecific) difference that is biologically significant to the study population is an important, though sometimes difficult, component of TDR survey design.
Inventory improvement and financial performance

Abstract This research reviews two contrasting views on the robustness of inventory improvement as an indicator of overall financial performance. These conceptual explorations lead to the testing of two hypotheses linking improved inventory performance with improved overall financial performance. Results indicate little or no relationship between inventory performance and overall financial performance.
The dietary terpene lupeol targets colorectal cancer cells with constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Scope Aberrant activation of the Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway is the most common modification, and often considered, a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Typically in this pathway the β-catenin translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it functions as a transcription regulator of several genes that support tumor formation and progression. Thus, any agent that could attenuate the translocation of β-catenin could be extremely valuable against CRC, especially the tumors that exhibit constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Methods and results Using human CRC cells that exhibit differential expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we demonstrate that treatment of CRC cells with dietary triterpene lupeol results in a dose-dependent (i) decrease in cell viability, (ii) induction of apoptosis, (iii) decrease in colonogenic potential, (iv) decrease in β-catenin transcriptional activity, and (v) decrease in the expression of Wnt target genes. Most importantly lupeol was observed to inhibit the translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Importantly, all these effects of lupeol were restricted to cells that harbor constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling while negligible effects were observed in cells that lack constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further, we also demonstrate that inhibition of Wnt signaling in cells with constitutive active Wnt/β-catenin results in loss of lupeol efficacy while inducing Wnt signaling sensitizes the cells to inhibitory effects of lupeol. Conclusion In summary, our data strongly advocate the efficacy of lupeol against CRC cells that exhibit constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Licensed receiver detection and authentication in simplex licensed networks

Cognitive radio (CR) technology enables the unlicensed user to access the spectrum holes left by the licensed user (LU), subjecting to a basic requirement of no interference on the active LUs. Nevertheless the LU protection can be misused by malicious CRs through emulating LUs. Observing that the real protection object is the licensed receiver (LR) rather than the licensed transmitter (LT), the research of licensed user emulation attack is dedicated to its genuine form, LR emulation (LRE) attack. Based on the analysis on all possible defense schemes, a digital signature based LRE defense system in the simplex licensed network (SLN) environment is proven practical. The defense mechanism is composed of signature design for LR authentication, as well as the design of public key infrastructure (PKI), used for the distribution of certificates for the LR signatures. With the aim to minimize the communication cost for maintaining the PKI, we propose a certification tree with LR ramification (CTLR) mechanism for certificate request and reply.
Drug-Induced Lupus due to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Agents

Purpose To evaluate the reported cases of drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) due to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α therapy and to compare "classic" DILE with DILE secondary to anti-TNFα therapy. We also add 3 case reports related to 3 different anti-TNFα drugs to the literature. Methods We searched the Medline database for cases published in English and evaluated 53 cases in 27 papers purported to be TNFα-induced DILE. We compared the clinical and laboratory features of cases that fulfilled our criteria for TNFα DILE to those of DILE due to non-TNFα drugs as found in standard texts. We also report the clinical and laboratory findings of our 3 patients with drug-induced lupus related to anti-TNFα drugs, 1 each in patients treated with adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab. Results Of the 53 purported cases of DILE due to anti-TNFα therapy, we excluded 17 with cutaneous manifestations alone and 3 with overlap syndromes and mixed connective tissue disease. In the 33 cases that met our criteria for systemic DILE, 21 cases were due to infliximab, 10 cases were due to etanercept, and only 2 cases were related to adalimumab. TNFα-blocker-induced DILE cases had a higher prevalence of antibodies to double-stranded DNA, rash, and hypocomplementemia than DILE due to other drugs. Fever is common in both types of DILE. Renal disease, which is rare in classic DILE, has been reported in cases of TNFα DILE. Conclusions TNFα DILE has significant clinical and laboratory manifestations which distinguish it from DILE due to drugs other than anti-TNF agents and may be difficult to diagnose in patients treated for autoimmune diseases. It is appropriate to consider whether all patients who are begun on anti-TNF therapy should have pretreatment serologic evaluation for systemic lupus erythematosus.
The effect of hypoxia and catecholamines on regional expression of heat-shock protein-72 mRNA in neonatal piglet brain

Abstract The present study has shown that hypoxia leads to expression of heat-shock protein in the brain of newborn piglets and this process is almost completely abolished by depletion of catecholamines prior to the hypoxic episode. The piglets were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, One hour of hypoxic was generated by decreasing the oxygen fraction in the inspired gas (F1O2) from 22% to 6%–10%, F1O2 was then returned to the control value for a period of 2 h. Following the 2 h of reoxygenation, regional expression of the 72-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp72) mRNA was determined using in situ hybridization and autoradiography. The hypoxic insult (cortical pO2 = 3–10mmHg) induced expression of hsp72 mRNA in regions of both white and gray matter, with strong expression occurring in the cerebral cortex of individual animals. Depleting the brain of catecholamines prior to hypoxia, by treating the animals with α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT), resulted in a major change in the hsp72 mRNA expression. In the catecholamine depleted group of animals, the intensity of hsp72 mRNA expression was greatly decreased or almost completely abolished relative to the nondepleted hypoxic group. These results suggest that the catecholamines play a significant role in the expression of the hsp72 gene in response to hypoxic insult in neonatal brain.
Primate population structure: Evaluation of models

Genetic markers among macaques on Cayo Santiago island were analyzed in an attempt to infer aspects of mating structure. Several models that included high levels of gene flow among groups could not be distinguished, but the data are clearly incompatible with group endogamy and with high variance in male fitness. Drift effective size is approximately one half census size in this population.
Something funny happened to reward

The human reward system has been shown to be activated by a wide range of reinforcers, including food, money, sex, drugs, and beauty. Now, a recent fMRI study has found mesolimbic reward activation associated with humorous cartoons, providing a neurobiological link between theories of humour and hedonic processes in the brain.
Genetic Characterization of Multiple Mechanisms of Phage Defense from a Prototype Phage-Insensitive Strain, Lactococcus lactis ME2

Abstract Lactococci used as starter cultures in dairy fermentations are highly susceptible to attack by bacteriophage. Genetic studies with Lactococcus lactis ME2, a prototype phage-insensitive strain, have identified plasmid-encoded defenses, which interfere with phage adsorption, restrict and modify phages, or abort lytic phage infection. Restriction and modification and abortion of phage infection were localized on two distinct self-transmissible plasmids, pTN20 and pTR2030, respectively, originating from L. lactis ME2. A comparison of the physical and genetic characteristics of these two conjugative plasmids is presented. Conjugation and cloning strategies employed to assemble these complementary mechanisms of phage resistance will be discussed. The collective expression of different defense systems provided a greater phage resistance to dairy lactococci. Starter cultures that are recalcitrant to phage attack can be constructed from existing strains through application of genetic technologies, which assemble complementary mechanisms of phage defense.
Comparative acute toxicity and bioconcentration of selenium by the midge Chironomus decorus exposed to selenate, selenite, and seleno-DL-methionine

The increased flux of selenium into aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic activities has resulted in the degradation of several systems. Initial experiments examined the comparative acute toxicity of waterborne selenate, selenite, and seleno-DL-methionine to fourth instar Chironomus decorus larvae resulting in 48-h LC50 concentrations of 23.7, 48.2, and 194 mg Se/L, respectively. The relative toxicities of the selenium forms are reversed compared to previous studies on other species and demonstrate that relative waterborne selenium toxicity is species specific. Studies examining the kinetics of selenate and selenite (the dominant waterborne forms) accumulation by C. decorus larvae exposed to the 48-h LC50 selenium concentrations showed initial rapid uptake and subsequent plateauing with maximum concentrations attained by 16 h. The final whole body selenium levels were approximately 63 mg Se/kg for selenate and 85 mg Se/kg for selenite. Comparative bioconcentration experiments demonstrated that after 48 h selenium accumulation was greater in larval C. decorus exposed to 25 mg Se/L as seleno-DL-methionine than in those exposed to 25 mg Se/L as selenate and selenite.
Prognostic value of dipyridamole thallium imaging after acute myocardial infarction in older patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of intravenous dipyridamole thallium testing for predicting major cardiac events following acute myocardial infarction in older patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with a median follow-up of 18 months. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 73 patients aged 65 years and older with enzymatically confirmed acute myocardial infarction (mean age 75 years, 56% male, 71% white). MEASUREMENTS: All patients underwent a detailed clinical assessment, an echocardiogram, and an intravenous dipyridamole thallium stress test before hospital discharge. The study endpoint was death or nonfatal reinfarction during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Overall, 24 patients (33%) died or developed recurrent myocardial infarction during follow-up. Among 44 patients with a reversible thallium defect, 19 (43%) reached the study endpoint, compared with only five of 29 patients (17%) without reversible ischemia (P = .04). On multivariate analysis, independent prognostic variables included non-use of aspirin at hospital discharge (P = .002), decreased left ventricular systolic function (P = .009), non-use of a beta-blocker at hospital discharge (P = .013), and reversible ischemia on thallium scintigraphy (P = .025). The relative risks for death or reinfarction associated with non-use of aspirin, non-use of a beta-blocker, left ventricular dysfunction, and reversible ischemia were 2.65, 2.39, 2.01, and 2.51, respectively. Patients with three or four of these risk factors had an 83% probability of death or reinfarction, compared with 41 % in patients with two risk factors and 6% in patients with one or no risk factor (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Intravenous dipyridamole thallium imaging provides independent prognostic information in older patients with acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, the combination of clinical, echocardiographic, and dipyridamole thallium variables effectively stratifies older postinfarction patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk categories for death or recurrent myocardial infarction.
Reflectivity Bias in Picture-Pointing Grammatical Comprehension Tasks

Two studies, one correlational and one experimental, supported the hypothesis that 4- and 5-year-olds' performance on a picture-pointing grammatical comprehension task administered under standard p...
Retinoids and cancer prevention: crossing the line between food and drug.

being different. We all know many people who stop and start smoking, drinking, and dieting regularly. Yet, we tend to think of diet modification as a long-term, holistic, “natural,” non-specific method of health maintenance. We all know people who eat herbs (such as St. John’s Wort and gingko biloba), nutrients (such as vitamin C and antioxidant complexes), and nutrition-based drugs for years in the hope that they will prevent disease. Yet, we think of chemoprevention as being harsh, effective, and narrowly focused on short-term treatments or prevention of cancer. This narrow focus may have been especially true for retinoid (vitamin A) research. Researchers made exciting and rapid progress in retinoid genetics, metabolism, and cell differentiation in the 1980s and 1990s.4 This progress occurred at the same time, but generally in different laboratories, as exciting and rapid developments in ascertaining the causes, consequences, and prevention of vitamin A deficiency. 5 The explosion in information was difficult to assimilate and use effectively. Retinoid research essentially split into two camps. “Retinoid” researchers, mostly working in the United States and Europe, investigated cellular mechanisms of differentiation, and cancer chemoprevention. “Vitamin A” researchers, mostly working in the developing countries, investigated the effects of dietary intervention and modification on vitamin A deficiency. There were Retinoid conferences and Vitamin A conferences (few scientists attended both). However, the lines between “diet” modification and “drug”-based chemoprevention are not so difficult to cross. The retinoid family of nutrients provides some of the most successful nutrient-based cancer chemopreventatives we have, and is used in some of the most successful diet modification programs. Research on diet modification programs using vitamin A have been summarized elsewhere.5 Retinoids as cancer chemopreventive agents are reviewed in this issue.6 Retinoids are powerful chemicals that regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. Cancer involves the disruption of normal cell differentiation, so it was obvious that retinoid status might influence a cell’s potential for malignant transformation. Early studies showed that vitamin A deficiency could lead to cancer in animals, and that retinoids could interfere with cancer initiation and progression in cell culture. 6,7 These exciting results were followed by many more studies, which are summarized in this interesting review.6
Transitioning to breast cancer survivorship: Perspectives of patients, cancer specialists, and primary care providers

BACKGROUND Limited research exists regarding views of patients, oncology specialists, and primary care providers (PCPs) concerning breast cancer survivorship care.
A modular subgroup invariance in a four-dimensional string

Abstract A four-dimensional closed supersymmetric string theory is constructed from the left-moving Neveu-Schwarz bosonic string and the right-moving superstring. The gauge group [SU(2)] 6 arises from an algebraic compactification involving a new affine Kac-Moody construction in terms of Neveu-Schwarz operators. The theory is Lorentz-invariant, tachyon-free and has four-point one-loop amplitudes invariant under a subgroup of the modular group.
EEG and seizures in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Summary: The EEG results of 11 children, ages 1–15 years, who presented with hemolytic-uremic syndrome complicated by seizures 3–10 days after the prodrome were studied. In four children who experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures, the EEGs demonstrated diffuse delta slowing with no focality. All recovered without neurological deficits or a residual seizure disorder. Of seven children who experienced partial seizures, six had structural lesions on cranial computed tomography and residual focal neurological deficits with epilepsy. The EEGs in two patients revealed focal spikes and slowing consistent with the lateralization of the partial seizures, in four it was characterized by atypical “burst suppression,” and in one showed epochs of high-amplitude delta slowing alternating with generalized suppression. Although episodic and generalized burst suppression is usually regarded as a grave prognostic indicator, all four subjects recovered.
Criminal victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder, and comorbid psychopathology among a community sample of women

This paper provides information on the relation between victimization status, crime factors, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and several other psychological disorders among a community sample of women. Results indicated that victims of crime were more likely than nonvictims to suffer from PTSD, major depressive episode, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, and simple phobia. Furthermore, life threat was associated with increased risk of major depression, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social phobia. Completed rape was strongly related to almost every disorder assessed, while robbery and burglary were not related to any disorder. When demographics, victimization status, and crime factors were entered hierarchically into multivariate logistic regressions with PTSD in the final step, associations between victimization status, other crime characteristics (e.g., life threat, injury), and non-PTSD Axis I disorders were greatly reduced. This suggests that PTSD may be an important mediating factor in the victimization-psychopathology relation for many disorders.
Preparation and properties of the system CuxPd1−xO (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.175)

Abstract Samples of Cu x Pd 1− x O were prepared by codecomposition of the nitrates. Single-phase products were obtained for x ≦ 0.15. The presence of Cu(II) in D 2 h symmetry coordination has been confirmed by magnetic susceptibility and ESR spectra. The results are discussed, compared with those of the system Cu x Mg 1− x O, and interpreted in terms of the Cu(II) coordination symmetry and the electron orbitals.
Phylogenomic Dating—A Method of Constraining the Age of Microbial Taxa That Lack a Conventional Fossil Record

A phylogenomic dating approach was used to identify potential age constraints for multiple archaeal groups, many of which have no fossil, isotopic, or biomarker record. First, well-resolved phylogenetic trees were inferred with the use of multiple gene sequences obtained from whole genome sequences. Next, the ability to use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor was coded into characters, and ancestral state reconstruction was used to identify clades with taxa that metabolize oxygen and likely had an aerobic ancestor. Next, the habitat of the ancestor was inferred. If the local presence of Cyanobacteria could be excluded from the putative ancestral habitat, then these clades would have originated after the rise in atmospheric oxygen 2.32 Ga. With this method, an upper age of 2.32 Ga (an "oxygen age constraint") is proposed for four major archaeal clades: the Sulfolobales, Thermoplasmatales, Thermoproteus neutrophilus/Pyrobaculum spp., and the Thermoproteales. It was also shown that the halophilic archaea likely had an aerobic common ancestor, yet the possibility of local oxygen oases before oxygenation of the atmosphere could not be formally rejected. Thus, an oxygen age constraint was not assessed for this group. This work suggests that many archaeal groups are not as ancient as many in the research community have previously assumed, and it provides a new method for establishing upper age constraints for major microbial groups that lack a conventional fossil record.
AgBase: supporting functional modeling in agricultural organisms

AgBase (http://www.agbase.msstate.edu/) provides resources to facilitate modeling of functional genomics data and structural and functional annotation of agriculturally important animal, plant, microbe and parasite genomes. The website is redesigned to improve accessibility and ease of use, including improved search capabilities. Expanded capabilities include new dedicated pages for horse, cat, dog, cotton, rice and soybean. We currently provide 590 240 Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to 105 454 gene products in 64 different species, including GO annotations linked to transcripts represented on agricultural microarrays. For many of these arrays, this provides the only functional annotation available. GO annotations are available for download and we provide comprehensive, species-specific GO annotation files for 18 different organisms. The tools available at AgBase have been expanded and several existing tools improved based upon user feedback. One of seven new tools available at AgBase, GOModeler, supports hypothesis testing from functional genomics data. We host several associated databases and provide genome browsers for three agricultural pathogens. Moreover, we provide comprehensive training resources (including worked examples and tutorials) via links to Educational Resources at the AgBase website.
Exciton States in 1,2,4,5‐Tetrachlorobenzene Crystals and Dimers

A calculation of the exciton interactions of the lowest triplet and singlet states in 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene crystals and dimers is described. The results, including the effect of vibrations on the electronic interactions, are: (a) The splittings of the triplet and singlet dimer states for the equivalent dimer, located along the shortest crystal axis a, are, respectively, 4 and 16 cm−1; for the inequivalent dimer, located at the inequivalent sites in the unit cell, they are 0.01 and −0.4 cm−1, respectively. (b) The triplet band structure is essentially one-dimensional. The triplet bandwidth and Davydov splitting are, respectively, 8 and −0.04 cm−1. (c) The crystal singlet Davydov splittings range from 2 cm−1, for k ‖ a−1, to 11 cm–1, for k ‖ c−1. The values obtained for the triplet interactions are one order of magnitude larger than the experimental ones. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. No experimental values on the singlet interactions are available for comparison. Es werden Rechnungen der Exzitonenwechselwirkungen in den tiefsten Triplett- und Singulett-Zustanden fur 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzen-Kristalle und Dimere mitgeteilt. Die Ergebnisse, einschlieslich des Einflusses der Schwingungen auf die elektronischen Wechselwirkungen sind: (a) Die Aufspaltungen der Triplett- und Singulett-Dimerzustande fur den aquivalenten Dimer auf der kurzesten Kristallachse a betragen 4 bzw. 16 cm−1; fur den inaquivalenten Dimer an nichtaquivalenten Platzen in der Einheitszelle betragen sie 0,01 bzw. −0,4 cm−1. (b) Die Triplett-Bandstruktur ist im wesentlichen eindimensional. Die Triplett-Bandbreite und Davydov-Aufspaltung betragen 8 bzw. −0,04 cm−1. (c) Die Davydov-Kristall-Singulettaufspaltungen liegen im Bereich von 2 cm−1 fur k ‖ a−1 bis 11 cm−1 fur k ‖ c−1. Die Werte fur die Triplettwechselwirkungen sind eine Grosenordnung groser als die experimentellen Daten. Mogliche Grunde fur diese Diskrepanz werden diskutiert. Experimentelle Werte fur die Singulettwechselwirkungen stehen fur einen Vergleich nicht zur Verfugung.
The pharmacist's duty under OBRA-90 standards.

(1997). The pharmacist's duty under OBRA‐90 standards. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 475-509.
Growth of crystals of several boron-carbon compositions by chemical vapor deposition

Boron-carbon compounds have been deposited by the flow of carbon tetrachloride and boron trichloride, in the presence of a large excess of hydrogen, over a graphite surface maintained at 1000-1300 C. Deposits were formed on either an RF-heated disc or a tube or insert heated by a resistance furnace. Crystalline materials ranging in composition from B2C to B17C have been obtained.
Disulfide connectivity of recombinant C-terminal region of human thrombospondin 2.

The thrombospondin (TSP) family of extracellular glycoproteins consists of five members in vertebrates, TSP1 to -4 and TSP5/cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and a single member inDrosophila. TSPs are modular multimeric proteins. The C-terminal end of a monomer consists of 3–6 EGF-like modules; seven tandem 23-, 36-, or 38-residue aspartate-rich, Ca2+-binding repeats; and an ∼230-residue C-terminal sequence. The Ca2+-binding repeats and C-terminal sequence are spaced almost exactly the same in different TSPs and share many blocks of identical residues. We studied the C-terminal portion of human TSP2 from the third EGF-like module through the end of the protein (E3CaG2). E3CaG2, CaG2 lacking the EGF module, and Ca2 composed of only the Ca2+-binding repeats were expressed using recombinant baculoviruses and purified from conditioned media of insect cells. As previously described for intact TSP1, E3CaG2 bound Ca2+ in a cooperative manner as assessed by equilibrium dialysis, and its circular dichroism spectrum was sensitive to the presence of Ca2+. Mass spectrometry of the recombinant proteins digested with endoproteinase Asp-N revealed that disulfide pairing of the 18 cysteines in the Ca2+-binding repeats and C-terminal sequence is sequential, i.e. a 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, etc., pattern.
Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB-dependent Transcription by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Mediated through Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Serine 529

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an essential transcription factor in the control of expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. In unstimulated cells, NF-κB complexes are sequestered in the cytoplasm through interactions with IκBα and other IκB proteins. Extracellular stimuli that activate NF-κB, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cause rapid phosphorylation of IκBα at serines 32 and 36. The inducible phosphorylation of IκBα is followed by its ubiquitination and degradation, allowing NF-κB complexes to translocate into the nucleus and to activate gene expression. Previously, it has been shown that TNFα as well as other stimuli also lead to the phosphorylation of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. In this report, we demonstrate that the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of the RelA/p65 subunit occurs on serine 529, which is in the C-terminal (TA1) transactivation domain. Accordingly, the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of Rel/p65 increases NF-κB transcriptional activity but does not affect nuclear translocation or DNA binding affinity.
The usability of information technology within emergency care settings

Computer and communication technology is increasingly being used by health care professionals to perform a variety of activities. The increased use of technology within health care environments is predicated on the belief that technology will facilitate care management and improvement of the quality of health care. However, to date there has been little systematic evaluation of the impact of technology on health care delivery. The intent of the project described in this paper is to conduct a usability evaluation for a physician orders and patient charting software, which is part of an integrated Hospital Information System (HIS). The system is being implemented at a trauma care facility in a large metropolitan area.
Role of Interacting Reggeons in Field-Theoretic Investigations of High-Energy Scattering

Using infinite-momentum perturbation theory we discuss Regge exchange and the Reggeeikonal approximation in field theory. This calculational technique enjoys a simple physical picture which is a realization of Feynman's parton ideas. It allows us to present a simple space-time interpretation of the popular Regge-eikonal approximation which treats Reggeons as noninteracting, noninterfering units. However, our calculational scheme suggests that it is not reasonable to treat Reggeons as noninteracting entities. In fact, using integral-equation techniques, we calculate a set of graphs involving interacting Reggeons and find that they give rise to a scattering amplitude which grows faster with energy than single Reggeon exchange. The implications of this result outside the calculational scheme presented here are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics in the interpretation of chronic toxicity tests: the last-in, first-out phenomenon.

Abstract Labeled phenytoin (DPH) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were used to experimentally test the proposed theory that the administration of a single radioactive tracer dose to control or treatment animals at the end of subacute or chronic toxicity studies can be used to determine possible self-induced change in the pharmacokinetics of the compounds. The mathematical models are based on the assumption that compartments are well stirred and that test compounds are instantaneously distributed throughout the compartments. Data from DPH experiments support the proposed theory, whereas data from the HCB experiments do not. The DPH model approximates the situation in vivo, but the accumulation of HCB in fat does not meet this criterion. It appears that HCB is accumulated and released from fat relative to the time of administration. It is suggested that individual drugs and chemicals should be tested before the proposed theory is generally applied.
Asthma Education in the Emergency Department

Abstract Study Objective: We surveyed emergency department–based asthma researchers to study the presence of formal asthma education programs (AEPs), and examined data from prospective cohort studies to compare sites with and without AEPs. Methods: We contacted site investigators in the Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration (MARC) in July 1998 by mail, fax, or telephone. Main outcomes were the percentage of sites using AEPs and the percentage of AEPs using each of 7 "key" teaching items in national guidelines. MARC data provided site and patient characteristics. Results: All 77 site investigators (100%) responded to the survey. Using a scale from 1 to 5 (mean±SD), respondents identified instruction in proper inhaler technique (4.8±0.5), "spacer" use (4.3±0.7), recognition of asthma triggers (4.3±0.8), and rationale for medications (4.6±0.6) as priorities for teaching. Twelve sites (16%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8% to 26%) had AEPs; most (8) were at pediatric sites. Patients presenting to sites with AEPs were younger (22±16 years versus 25±15 years, P P P Conclusion: Although asthma researchers agree that patient education is very important, few EDs involved in asthma research use AEPs. Sites with AEPs appear to serve patients at higher risk of poor asthma outcomes. Further study is needed to address the effectiveness of AEPs in the ED. [Emond SD, Reed CR, Graff LG IV, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr, on behalf of the MARC Investigators. Asthma education in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. September 2000;36:204-211.]
Reclamation of filtered bicarbonate

Approximately 85% of the filtered bicarbonate load is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. Transport in this segment displays saturation kinetics, and exhibits a higher capacity for reabsorption in the earliest portion. Reclamation of bicarbonate is highly regulated in the proximal tubule: an increase in luminal [HCO3-], flow rate and arterial PCO2 increase, while alkalinization of the peritubular surface inhibits bicarbonate absorption. Angiotensin II also appears to regulate bicarbonate transport, especially in the S1 segment. The majority of the filtered bicarbonate load which escapes reabsorption in the proximal tubule is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Bicarbonate reclamation in this segment is enhanced by luminal [HCO3-] and furosemide, and by chronic metabolic acidosis and increased dietary sodium intake. Amiloride, AVP and glucagon inhibit absorption in the thick ascending limb.
Low drift in polysilicon-oxide micromachined ultrasonic transducers

The trapping of charges in dielectric materials in micromachined membranes has impeded the development of commercially-viable Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) fabricated through sacrificial release techniques. Unlike previous work focused on metal/silicon nitride material sets, this paper examines the possibility of engineering polysilicon and silicon dioxide to create stable and reliable emitters and receivers of ultrasonic waves for medical diagnostic and therapeutic tools, even after several years of operation. Less than 0.25% drift of zero-bias capacitance is observed after a one-year accelerated life test. This stability is more than 10 times better than past reports in the literature for conventional CMUTs.
Diabetes obesity link: how to lower your risk of diabetes with weight management

Increasing overweight and obesity are major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. The risk is higher when the weight gain occurs during adulthood. In fact, evidence shows that body mass index (BMI) is directly and continuously related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. Individuals with upper body obesity are at high risk for hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, rates of type 2 diabetes have tripled in the past 30 years. This is caused largely by the rapid rise in the rate of obesity, a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been a rapid escalation in the prevalence of obesity, one that parallels the equally rapid increase in type 2 diabetes. The development of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or sometimes prevented in individuals with obesity who are able to lose weight. In type 2 diabetes, weight loss improves glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Strategies to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes include behavior therapies in combination with healthy lifestyle changes, optimizing medication for weight neutral effect, anti-obesity medication, and weight loss surgeries.
Correlations in a two band model of halogen-bridged transition metal linear chain complexes

Abstract We have studied the effects of correlations in a simple two-band discrete tight-binding Peierls-Hubbard model for MX chains using perturbation theory, Hartree-Fock and exact diagonalization for classical adiabatic phonons, and a variational approach for quantum phonons.
Adipose and Muscle Tissue Profile of CD36 Transcripts in Obese Subjects Highlights the Role of CD36 in Fatty Acid Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance

OBJECTIVE Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is tightly regulated across several tissues and impacts insulin sensitivity. CD36 facilitates cellular FA uptake, and CD36 genetic variants associate with lipid abnormalities and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to gain insight regarding the in vivo metabolic influence of muscle and adipose tissue CD36. For this, we determined the relationships between CD36 alternative transcripts, which can reflect tissue-specific CD36 regulation, and measures of FA metabolism and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The relative abundance of alternative CD36 transcripts in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from 53 nondiabetic obese subjects was measured and related to insulin sensitivity and FA metabolism assessed by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps and isotopic tracers for glucose and FA. RESULTS Transcript 1C, one of two major transcripts in adipose tissue, that is restricted to adipocytes predicted systemic and tissue (adipose, liver, and muscle) insulin sensitivity, suggesting adipocyte CD36 protects against insulin resistance. Transcripts 1B and 1A, the major transcripts in skeletal muscle, correlated with FA disposal rate and triglyceride clearance, supporting importance of muscle CD36 in clearance of circulating FA. Additionally, the common CD36 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 selectively influenced CD36 transcripts and exacerbated insulin resistance of glucose disposal by muscle. CONCLUSIONS Alternative CD36 transcripts differentially influence tissue CD36 and consequently FA homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte CD36 appears to be metabolically protective, and its selective upregulation might have therapeutic potential in insulin resistance.
Anti-Angiogenic Gene Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Produces Tumor Growth Suppression in an Athymic Nude Mouse Model

Purpose: We investigated the anti-angiogenic and antitumor properties of 2 adenoviral vectors expressing the endostatin-angiostatin fusion protein Ad-EndoAngio and the soluble, endothelium specific tyrosine kinase receptor Ad-Tie2 in a mouse renal cell carcinoma xenograft model.Materials and Methods: A total of 29 bilateral subcutaneous renal cell carcinomas were induced in athymic nude mice. On days 2 and 10 following tumor establishment the mice were intratumorally injected with an adenoviral vector in the right flank only. Seven treatment groups were randomly assigned, including the control group of 7 mice, the Ad-GFP control group of 7, the Ad-Tie2 group of 9, the Ad-EndoAngio group of 8, the Ad-GFP plus Ad-Tie2 group of 7, the Ad-GFP plus Ad-EndoAngio group of 9 and the Ad-EndoAngio plus Ad-Tie2 group of 8. Tumor volume was measured biweekly for 60 days. Additionally, each treatment group was administered fluorescent rhodamine conjugated bovine serum albumin dye for vascular imaging. After establishi...
Inhibin β in central neural pathways involved in the control of oxytocin secretion

Inhibin (I) a gonadal hormone glycoprotein which suppresses follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the anterior pituitary, is a heterodimer consisting of an a subunit and one of two distinct β subunits1–5. SI nuclease analysis has revealed that RNAs encoding all three subunits (α, βA and βB) are expressed in rat brain6. We report here on the localization, and a potential function, of inhibin β in the rat brain. A cell group centred in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a major recipient of visceral sensory information, was stained immunohistochemically with anti-sera against synthetic fragments of Iβ, but not lα. The distribution of Iβ-stained fibres is consistent with known NTS projections, and includes a prominent projection to oxytocinergic aspects of the magnocellular neurosecretory system.
Simulation studies of a phenomenological model for elongated virus capsid formation.

We study a phenomenological model in which the simulated packing of hard, attractive spheres on a prolate spheroid surface with convexity constraints produces structures identical to those of prolate virus capsid structures. Our simulation approach combines the traditional Monte Carlo method with a modified method of random sampling on an ellipsoidal surface and a convex hull searching algorithm. Using this approach we identify the minimum physical requirements for nonicosahedral, elongated virus capsids, such as two aberrant flock house virus particles and the prolate prohead of bacteriophage $\ensuremath{\phi}29$, and discuss the implication of our simulation results in the context of recent experimental findings. Our predicted structures may also be experimentally realized by the evaporation-driven assembly of colloidal spheres under appropriate conditions.
Meeting the challenge of finding resources for ophthalmic nurses on the World Wide Web.

Abstract The World Wide Web (“the Web”) is a macrocosm of resources that can be overwhelming. Often the sheer volume of material available causes one to give up in despair before finding information of any use. The Web is such a popular resource that it cannot be ignored. Two of the biggest challenges to finding good information on the Web are knowing where to start and judging whether the information gathered is pertinent and credible. This article addresses these two challenges and introduces the reader to a variety of ophthalmology and vision science resources on the World Wide Web.
Expression pattern of yeast sporulation: a case study for regulatory changes after yeast genome duplication

While nucleotide substitutions in both regulatory and coding regions are the two facets of functional divergence after gene duplication, evidence is limited for our understanding the extent to which regulatory changes can occur after gene (genome) duplication. Fortunately, the complete yeast genome sequence and the whole-genome micro-array expression data provide a unique opportunity for resolving this issue. In the yeast genome, a genome-wide duplication may result in 54 homologous chromosome block pairs, including 452 gene pairs. On the other hand, Chu et al. [Science 282 (1998) 699] used DNA micro-arrays containing nearly every yeast gene to assay changes in gene expression during sporulation, which consists of meiosis and spore morphogenesis. Our results have shown that, for a subset of gene pairs that at least one duplicate gene is induced during sporulation, there is a significant association between expression and the presence of DNA binding site MSE, while no such association is observed for the rest of homologous gene pairs.
NASA Langley Research Center's Simulation-To-Flight Concept Accomplished through the Integration Laboratories of the Transport Research Facility

The Flight Simulation and Software Branch (FSSB) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) maintains the unique national asset identified as the Transport Research Facility (TRF). The TRF is a group of facilities and integration laboratories utilized to support the LaRC's simulation-to-flight concept. This concept incorporates common software, hardware, and processes for both groundbased flight simulators and LaRC s B-757-200 flying laboratory identified as the Airborne Research Integrated Experiments System (ARIES). These assets provide Government, industry, and academia with an efficient way to develop and test new technology concepts to enhance the capacity, safety, and operational needs of the ever-changing national airspace system. The integration of the TRF enables a smooth continuous flow of the research from simulation to actual flight test.
The Johari window and a partnership: An approach to teaching interpersonal communication skills

(1976). The Johari window and a partnership: An approach to teaching interpersonal communication skills. Communication Education: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 252-255.
PRESUMED MINERAL OIL ASPIRATION AND CAVITARY LUNG LESIONS IN A DOG

This report describes an unusual occurrence of cavitary lung lesions which may have been secondary to aspiration of mineral oil and illustrates a possible danger of aspiration pneumonia associated with administration of lipids. Lipid pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pulmonary disease with radiographic signs ranging from increased interstitial opacity to nodules or cavitary lung lesions. This report also emphasizes the benefits of serial radiography to detect changing pathology and the occurrence of complications such as pneumothorax.
Long-term results wearing hard contact lenses in monocular aphakia.

Abstract It is a fairly common misconception that monocular aphakes have not performed well with hard contact lenses over the long term. To investigate this the records of 148 monocular aphakes who were fitted successfully to hard contact lenses between 1968–1973 were reviewed. Ninety-four percent of this group were still wearing their lenses an average of 5.1 years later, while 6% had stopped. Both groups were studied for age, sex distribution, duration of lens wear, and reasons for stopping.
Incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients.

Abstract Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is responsible for one-third of acute kidney injuries (AKI) in the hospital setting. The incidence of CIN varies from 3% to 30%, depending on the preexisting risk factors, with higher incidence noted with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and older age. Though CIN risk factors are common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), data about incidence of CIN in this population are sparse. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 124 consecutive patients transplanted at our center between January 2002 and December 2013 and received iodinated intravascular contrast with stable kidney function prior to contrast administration. CIN was defined as either an absolute rise in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or a ≥25% drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after contrast administration. Results Seven of 124 (5.64%) patients developed CIN. Kidney function returned to baseline in 5 of the 7 patients within 3 weeks. In 2 patients serum creatinine remained elevated due to recurrent AKI episodes from other causes. Dialysis was not required in any patient. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) were being used in 95% patients at the time of contrast administration. Diabetes mellitus, baseline serum creatinine, age, race, gender, and the use of ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, diuretic, or prophylaxis with intravenous hydration ± N-acetylcysteine did not affect the incidence of CIN. Conclusion Incidence of CIN in KTRs was low in our study (5.6%), much less than previously reported. This low incidence may be related to the high baseline eGFR (>70 mL/min/1.73 m2) and use of hypo-osmolar contrast in our patients. In KTRs with baseline eGFR >70 mL/min, the incidence of CIN is low despite the concurrent use of nephrotoxic CNI.
Advances and results in radiocarbon dating: early man in America.

Abstract In the early days of radiocarbon dating bone samples were found to provide often specious dates when the calcium carbonate content of bone was utilized, since it is subject to exchange reactions with ground water carbonate. With the development of collagen‐based radiocarbon dating, a number of avenues of research opened up, one of which led to the dating of a number of fossil human remains found in Southern California. Dates for Laguna woman (17,150) years and Los Angeles Man (23,000) point to a much earlier presence of early man in America than had been thought. Moreover, independent amino acid racemization dates support these data.
Doing justice to justice

Adshead's recognition that only when taken together can the many different conceptions of justice accommodate what is called for in the particularly demanding setting of forensic mental health care, is to be applauded. Each must be honoured and built into the systems of assessment and treatment that are the tasks of the forensic psychiatrist, she demonstrates. Adshead's far-reaching revisions could resolve much that is troubling about the present practice of forensic psychiatry. Yet how much these revisions can overcome the moral dilemmas associated with dual roles in forensic psychiatry, is not so clear.