cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domain general constraints on statistical learning.

All theories of language development suggest that learning is constrained. However, theories differ on whether these constraints arise from language-specific processes or have domain-general origins such as the characteristics of human perception and information processing. The current experiments explored constraints on statistical learning of patterns, such as the phonotactic patterns of an infants’ native language. Infants in these experiments were presented with a visual analog of a phonotactic learning task used by J. R. Saffran and E. D. Thiessen (2003). Saffran and Thiessen found that infants’ phonotactic learning was constrained such that some patterns were learned more easily than other patterns. The current results indicate that infants’ learning of visual patterns shows the same constraints as infants’ learning of phonotactic patterns. This is consistent with theories suggesting that constraints arise from domain-general sources and, as such, should operate over many kinds of stimuli in addition to linguistic stimuli.
International Children's Rights

This book provides an exciting and comprehensive look at the main themes, both legal and political, affecting international children’s rights today. It includes seven major topics: the role of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, child labor, children in the global sex industry, children without parental care, children and punishment, children and armed conflict, and finally children’s rights as interpreted and applied in regional human rights systems. It brings together a variety of writings, including academic articles, United Nations reports, evidence provided by non-governmental organizations, and other materials.The Table of Contents, Preface, and part of Chapter One are available to download here.
USEFUL APPLIANCES IN SPASTIC PATIENTS: FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY.

Seven remedial measures for prophylaxis and treatment of decubiti in patients with spasticity have been presented: 1. An elbow splint. 2. A protective knee doughnut. 3. ‘Wheelchair pushing gloves’ for quadriplegics. 4. Use of a sheepskin on the bed under the lower portion of the trunk. 5. Wheelchair cushions. 6. Leg and foot protection in wheelchairs. 7. Sheepskin booties.
Suppression of 3He superfluidity by aerogel

Abstract Experiments in which 98.2% porous aerogels exert a profound influence on the properties of superfluid 3 He are described. Superfluid transition temperature and superfluid density are reduced from their bulk values. Experiments use torsional oscillator techniques to examine the superfluid onset and temperature development with high precision in the mK temperature regime. Simulations are also discussed in the context of properties of 3 He.
An injection from the past: fluoroscopic evidence of remote injections of radiopaque substances.

Objective Although uncommon, residual effects from contrast agents used more than 2 decades ago are possible. This case report is to alert clinicians to the implications of residual oil-based ionic contrast agents in the intrathecal space. Case Report A 70-year-old female with evidence of degenerative disc disease underwent a series of lumbar epidural steroid injections. Fluoroscopy during the procedure revealed diffuse residual intrathecal iophendylate (Pantopaque) dye. We were able to demonstrate unrestricted epidural spread of 1 mL iohexol (Omnipaque 180) alongside the preexisting dye. Conclusions The goal of this case report is to highlight the potential of residual myelographic dye to complicate interventional procedures. Such residual dye can increase the level of difficulty in performing interventional pain treatments and perhaps the rate of complications associated with epidural injections, such as dural puncture. The presence of large amounts of residual oil-based intrathecal dye can lead to erroneous interpretations of the dye patterns as intraspinal lipoma or hemorrhage. As a consequence, the patient can be submitted to unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In addition, concerns of worsening oil-based dye-induced arachnoiditis with the use of epidural steroid injections can complicate the treatment of patients with back pain.
Graphene/GaN Schottky diodes: Stability at elevated temperatures

Rectification and thermal stability of diodes formed at graphene/GaN interfaces have been investigated using Raman Spectroscopy and temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. The Schottky barriers formed between GaN and mechanically transferred graphene display rectification that is preserved up to 550 K with the diodes eventually becoming non-rectifying above 650 K. Upon cooling, the diodes show excellent recovery with improved rectification. We attribute these effects to the thermal stability of graphene, which acts like an impenetrable barrier to the diffusion of contaminants across the interface, and to changes in the interface band alignment associated with thermally induced dedoping of graphene.
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Manufacturing

Increasing demands and concerns for the reliable supply of liquid transportation fuels makes it important to find alternative sources to petroleum based fuels. One such alternative is cellulosic biofuels. However, several technical barriers have hindered large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels, such as the low density of cellulosic feedstocks (causing high transportation and storage costs) and the lack of efficient pretreatment procedures for cellulosic biomass. This paper reports experimental investigations on ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting of cellulosic feedstocks. It studies effects of input variables (ultrasonic vibration, moisture content, and particle size) on output variables (pellet density, stability, durability, pelleting force, and yield of biofuel conversion) in UV-A pelleting. Results showed that UV-A pelleting could increase the density of cellulosic feedstocks and the yield of biofuel conversion.
Prostate visualization studies in males homozygous and heterozygous for 5 alpha-reductase deficiency.

Male pseudohermaphrodites with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency have ambiguous genitalia and nonpalpable prostates on rectal examination, suggesting the dihydrotestosterone dependency of these structures. To clearly delineate the status of the prostate, male pseudohermaphrodites with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency had transrectal sonography of the prostate performed, and the results were compared to that of age-matched male controls. In six male pseudohermaphrodites, magnetic resonance imaging studies of the prostate were also performed. Heterozygote fathers also had transrectal sonography of the prostate performed and the results compared to age-matched controls. The prostates of the male pseudohermaphrodites appeared as platelike soft tissue structures posterior to the urethra on both prostatic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Prostatic volume, as determined on prostatic ultrasound by two different methods, was significantly smaller (approximately one-tenth) than the volume of age-matched controls. ...
Attitudes toward Romantic Love Among American, German, and Japanese Students

Abstract University students from West Germany, Japan, and the United States completed the Hobart (1958) and Knox-Sporakowski (1968) scales measuring attitudes toward love and romance. The results generally confirm Goode's (1959) theoretical position that romantic love is valued highly in less traditional cultures with few strong, extended-family ties and is less valued in cultures where kinship networks influence and reinforce the relationship between marriage partners. In general, Japanese subjects reported significantly lower agreement with attitudes valuing romantic love than did West German subjects. Responses from American subjects fell between those of the other two cultures.
Active Inductor-Based Oscillator: A Promising Candidate for Low-Cost Low-Power Multi-Standard Signal Generation

This paper presents design techniques to enhance the tuning range and improve the phase noise performance of tunable active-inductor (TAI) oscillators. Noise analysis of the TAI suggests a direct trade-off between the range of tunable inductance and the output noise. Reducing the effective feedback resistance reduces the phase noise of the VCO, but simultaneously reduces the inductive tuning range. The decrease in tuning range can be compensated by increasing the capacitance at the second port of the gyrator-based active inductor. Measurements of the TAI-based VCOs in Si-CMOS technology demonstrate a phase noise improvement of around 15 dBc/Hz. The improved TAI-based VCO achieves a tuning range of 1.3 - 3.8 GHz and phase noise as low as -94 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset while consuming around 5 mW from a 1.8 V supply
Four Years of TRMM/VIRS On-Orbit Calibrations and Characterization Using Lunar Models and Data from Terra/MODIS

Abstract Four years of on-orbit solar calibration data have been used to quantify the temporal degradation of the two reflected solar bands of the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Solar calibrations, performed using an onboard solar diffuser, show no significant changes in the VIRS 1.61-μm data. The responsivity (digital counts per radiance unit) of the 0.62-μm band has changed and, as a function of days since 1998, is given by R1(day) = 69.782 − 0.0022 × day, with an annual degradation of 1.15%. Four years of on-orbit lunar measurements were also examined in an attempt to quantify any degradation in the solar diffuser. The integrated lunar reflectance with phase angles ranging from 1.6° to 106° were fit with the lunar photometric model of Hapke. A good fit was made to the 0.62-μm data, but overall, the quality of the data did not support efforts to quantify any diffuser degradation. The quality of the VIRS radiometry was also examined by...
U.S. Consuls in Zanzibar and the Slave Trade, 1870-1890

(1992). U.S. Consuls in Zanzibar and the Slave Trade, 1870–1890. The Historian: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 53-68.
Lymphangitic papules caused by Nocardia takedensis.

The Nocardia genus, belonging to the order Actinomycetales, is a group of gram-positive saprophytic bacteria that are found ubiquitously in the environment. In 2005, Nocardia takedensis was isolated from moat sediment and sludge around the Takeda shrine in Japan and reported as a novel species.1, 2 This species shows highest sequence similarity to Nocardia beijingensis (98.1%-98.3%), Nocardia brasiliensis (97.9%-98.0%), and Nocardia tenerifensis (97.9%-97.9%) based on 16S rRNA sequencing.1 We describe a case of cutaneous nocardiosis caused by N takedensis, which, to our knowledge, is the first report of an infection caused by this species in the United States.
The cardiovascular effects of diethyl ether in man.

The cardiovascular effects of 3 and G per cent alveolar concentrations of diethyl ether in nine healthy young volunteers during the first and fifth hours of anesthesia were studied. Pac* was maintained at 35–39 torr and esophagcal temperature at 36 ± 0.5 C. Cardiac output was unchanged or increased at 3 and 6 per cent ether during the first hour; heart rate increased while stroke volume fell. During the fifth hour of anesthesia, cardiac output increased at both 3 and 6 per cent ether, heart rate increased further, and stroke volume rose to the awake value. Total peripheral resistance was initially unchanged but fell with duration of anesthesia. The ratio of cardiac output to oxygen consumption was unchanged at one hour and increased at five hours. Base excess fell slightly initially and slightly more by five hours.
The Influence of Trauma History and Relationship Power on Latinas’ Sexual Risk for HIV/STIs

A community sample of Latinas completed surveys that included measures of sexual abuse and intimate partner violence history, relationship power, negotiating power regarding condom use, perceived HIV/STI risk of sexual partner, and sexual behavior. Over half of the women reported a history of intimate partner violence in the past year and/or sexual abuse in their lifetime. Intimate partner violence was correlated with lower overall sexual relationship power scores, while sexual abuse was correlated with lower condom use negotiating power. More extensive intimate partner violence had the strongest association with higher HIV/STI risk, controlling for relationship status, sexual abuse, and relationship power.
A Reconstruction of Schlick’s Psycho-Sociological Ethics

Since antiquity, ethics has been one of the most important disciplines of philosophy and is perhaps the oldest. Schlick’s ethics, as proposed in his book, Fragen der Ethik,1 breaks radically with this view. According to Schlick, ethics has firstly become a cognitive empirical discipline; it exists independently of philosophy. Secondly, ethics is founded on psychology and sociology and belongs to those disciplines. Thirdly, the ethical behavior of human beings is governed by positive and negative pleasure: Lust and Unlust. In German, Lust indicates a pleasant satisfaction, pleasant feelings and the like, including sexual pleasure. Here Lust will be translated by “pleasure”.
Introducing computer-based telemedicine in three rural Missouri counties

This study investigated predictors of utilization of the computer-based telemedicine in three rural Missouri counties. Participating health care agencies were given computers and access to an Internet-based workstation that provided e-mail and World Wide Web (WWW) services. Utilization data for e-mail messages sent and WWW pages accessed were collected through proxy servers. A survey was distributed to those employees who are enrolled in the Rural Telemedicine Evaluation Project (RTEP), which addressed perceptions of the Internet-based RTEP workstation. The results of the survey were analyzed to see how perceptions and demographic variables predicted actual utilization. The findings of the study revealed that for e-mail, behavioral intentions/attitude, age, organizational support, and time were the most significant predictors. For WWW, only the behavioral intentions/attitude subscale predicted utilization. The majority of respondents did not utilize the e-mail technology. Strategies need to be developed through training interventions and organizational policies to address non-utilization.
Play therapy: a review of theories and comparison of some techniques.

Play therapy is an approach to helping children work through their problems during psychotherapy or counseling sessions by the use of play. The technique of play therapy developed from attempts to apply psychoanalytic therapy to children. It became apparent that many of the techniques used with adults were not successful with children, particularly not with young children. Some of the reasons for this difficulty include: the paucity of children’s language, making it hard for them to express complex and dramatic emotions and attitudes; the lack of emotional and intellectual capabilities necessary for developing insight; the lack of interest in exploring their past lives; and an inability to use free ass~c ia t ion . ’ -~ An exact definition of play therapy is difficult t o develop since both words, play and therapy, have different meanings to different therapists depending on their theore tical approach. The following two descriptions of play therapy, expressed by children who were in therapy with Axline, seem the most meaningful:
Evaluation of commercial mammalian parathyroid hormone (PTH) radioimmunoassay systems for measuring avian PTH

Abstract 1. 1. Five commercial mammalian parathyroid hormone (PTH) radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems were evaluated for their capacity to detect avian PTH. 2. 2. Plasma samples were collected from normal White Leghorn cockerels (Gallus domesticus), parathyroidectomized (PTX) cockerels, and cockerels infused intravenously with a calcium chelating agent. 3. 3. None of the commercial PTH-RIA systems revealed significant differences among plasma samples from control, PTX or calcium-chelated cockerels. 4. 4. Some dose-response activity was detected with serial dilutions of chicken and turkey parathyroid gland extracts were tested with the commercial PTH-RIA systems. 5. 5. It is concluded that PTH levels in plasma are too low or avian PTH is too poorly recognized by the RIA antibodies for the commercial mammalian systems to be useful in measuring PTH in avian plasma.
The renal length nomogram: multivariable approach.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We built a multivariate renal length nomogram based on ultrasound measurements in pediatric patients with normal renal anatomy.Materials and Methods: Included in the study were 707 children 1 week to 18 years old without vesicoureteral reflux, urinary obstruction or other known anatomical anomalies. Renal length was compared among subgroups of children. Multivariate regression approach was used to model renal length, incorporating important demographic variables.Results: Subgroup comparisons of renal lengths showed diverse patterns of renal length differences in children with various demographic characteristics. In addition to age, factors significant in the multivariate nomogram model of renal length included gender, race, weight and height.Conclusions: These results show that renal length is not only age dependent, but also significantly correlates with other important demographic variables. Variability in renal length can be better described by multivariate analysis. The multivariate a...
Conjugated polymer composites for use in electrophosphorescent light-emitting diodes

High performance electrophosphorescent light emitting diodes (LEDs) were demonstrated by using conjugated polymers, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), PFO end-capped with hole-transporting moieties (HTM), PFO-HTM, and PFO end-capped with electron-transporting moieties (ETM), PFO-ETM, as the hosts and the organometallic emitter, tris-[2,5-bis-2'-(9,9'-dihexylfluorene) iridium] (Ir(HFP) 3 ) as the guest. Electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated from PFO, PFO-HTM, and PFO-ETM as the hosts emit red light with turn-on voltage around 5V, luminances (L) of 2040 cd/m 2 , 1937 cd/m 2 and 2487 cd/m 2 at 290 mA/cm 2 (16 V), and luminance efficiencies (LE) of 1.40 cd/A, 1.38 cd/A and 1.80 cd/A at 4.5 mA/cm 2 for PFO, PFO-HTM, and PFO-ETM, respectively. The results demonstrate that high performance electrophosphorescence can be obtained from conjugated polymer-based LEDs that are fabricated by processing the active materials directly from solution.
An Exploratory Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drugs as Basic Research Tools

Drug development is usually seen as following a more or less linear path from publicly subsidized basic research to costly preclinical and clinical research by for-profit firms, which usually fails but occasionally succeeds in bringing highly profitable drugs to market. This study describes an additional feedback process in which pharmaceutical drugs serve as research tools. Diverse examples illustrate that the tools function of pharmaceuticals supports important advances in basic research. These often lead in turn to practical uses including new drug development.
Transforming the Design of Overheads and Their Impact on Learning

The present study investigated the value of changing the format of overhead presentations from one dominated by headings and bulleted lists to one using a sentence assertion followed by visual evid...
UNION OF WORDS: A History of Presidential Eloquence

In this unique history of presidential speechmaking, from the founding to the present day, an accomplished storyteller and professor of rhetoric amply documents how presidents have used the bully pulpit to articulate their visions and unite diverse Americans.
Characterization of Na+-β-zeolite supported Pd and PdAg bimetallic catalysts using EXAFS, TEM and flow reactor

Flow reactor studies of the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of ethylene have been performed on Na+ exchanged {beta}-zeolite supported Pd, Ag and PdAg catalysts, as an extension of our previous batch reactor studies [W. Huang, J.R. McCormick, R.F. Lobo, J.G. Chen, J. Catal. 246 (2007) 40-51]. Results from flow reactor studies show that the PdAg/Na+-{beta}-zeolite bimetallic catalyst has lower activity than Pd/Na+-{beta}-zeolite monometallic catalyst, while Ag/Na+-{beta}-zeolite does not show any activity for acetylene hydrogenation. However, the selectivity for the PdAg bimetallic catalyst is much higher than that for either the Pd catalyst or Ag catalyst. The selectivity to byproduct (ethane) is greatly inhibited on the PdAg bimetallic catalyst as well. The results from the current flow reactor studies confirmed the pervious results from batch reactor studies [W. Huang, J.R. McCormick, R.F. Lobo, J.G. Chen, J. Catal. 246 (2007) 40-51]. In addition, we used transmission electron microscope (TEM), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and FTIR of CO adsorption to confirm the formation of Pd-Ag bimetallic alloy in the PdAg/Na+-{beta}-zeolite catalyst.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Nonsurgical Versus Surgical Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Purpose To compare direct costs and results for patients with electrodiagnostically proven carpal tunnel syndrome treated with surgery versus nonsurgical care. Methods There is a retrospective study of 120 patients divided into 2 groups: subjects in group 1 had chosen nonsurgical treatment, whereas subjects in group 2 had chosen surgery with no nonsurgical treatment. Patients were matched on age, gender, severity of nerve conduction abnormalities, body mass index, smoking history, job category, and insurance coverage. Direct cost of care was measured. An incremental cost–utility ratio was calculated to compare costs between the different management strategies. Results Group 1 follow-up averaged 13 ± 5 months compared to 12 ± 2 months for group 2. Steroid injections were used in 18 patients in group 1. Thirty-two patients in group 1 elected to have surgery during the follow-up period. Cost of care averaged $3335 ± $2097 in group 1 and $3068 ± $983 in group 2. Conclusions The direct cost of nonsurgical care of confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome did not show a significant difference from that of surgical treatment without preoperative splinting or therapy. The incremental cost–utility ratio for carpal tunnel surgery was favorable. Surgery, rather than nonsurgical care, should be considered as the initial form of treatment when patients are diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome that is confirmed by nerve conduction studies, as this provides symptom resolution with a favorable cost analysis. Type of study/level of evidence Economic and Decision Analysis III.
Chemical approaches to bacterial vaccines. synthesis of mycobacterial oligosaccharide-protein conjugates for use as serodiagnostics and immunogens

Abstract Di- to penta-saccharide fragments ( 2–5 ) of Polysaccharide II (PS-II) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were synthesized in spacer-linked form in a stepwise fashion using a new glycosyl donor featuring a trans -fused isopropylidene diol-protecting group. Covalent attachment of the oligosaccharides to proteins provides semi-synthetic antigens and immunogens which are being used to probe the role of PS-II as a possible mycobacterial antigen.
Structure analysis of proximadiol (cryptomeridiol) by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The sesquiterpene diol with antispasmodic properties, earlier isolated from Cymbopogon proximus, is shown to be identical with cryptomeridiol.
Temperature measurement by two-line laser-saturated OH fluorescence in flames.

A technique is proposed and demonstrated for measuring combustion temperatures using two-line laser-saturated fluorescence. The rotational temperature of OH is determined by saturating two different rotational transitions in the (0,0) band of the A2∑+–X2Π electronic system and detecting fluorescence emission which originates from the laser-pumped upper rotational levels. Temperature is calculated from the ratio of the fluorescence intensities for the two different excitation–emission pairs. The method is demonstrated by measuring temperature profiles in subatmospheric H2/O2/Ar flat flames. Temperatures measured by two-line saturated fluorescence are compared with temperatures measured by coated thermocouples and OH absorption and with predictions from an elementary chemical kinetics code. The temperatures measured by the two-line fluorescence technique are accurate to 3–5% and exhibit low random error.
The features of transparency field generation in the upper sea layer of the northwestern Black Sea in the winter-spring period

The features of transparency field generation in the upper sea layer of the northwestern Black Sea in the winter-spring period are analyzed on the basis of long-term data of specific marine observations from 1978–1995. The statistical assessments of the seasonal variations of the beam attenuation coefficient associated with fluctuations of river discharge and open sea water characteristics are calculated for the region under study. It is shown that the amount of suspended matter, which is most responsible for seawater transparency, depends both on rivers’ discharge volumes, the area of their interaction with seawater over the northwestern Black Sea shelf, and regional hydrometeorological conditions, which in turn depend on the hydrometeorological conditions in the catchment areas of the European rivers of the Black Sea basin.
HIV-Induced TNF-α Regulates Arachidonic Acid and PGE2 Release from HIV-Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes

Abstract Arachidonic acid (AA) has been shown to interact with transmembrane signaling pathways involved in T-cell activation. The latter have been shown to be impaired in lymphocytes obtained from HIV-infected patients. In the present study, AA and its metabolite, PGE 2 , released from differentiating human mononuclear phagocytes in response to HIV infection, and their relationship to HIV replication and TNF-α production were examined. The macrophage (Mo) cultures were more permissive for HIV replication than monocyte (MO) cultures. AA release in response to HIV infection was observed in both MO and Mo with a peak at 24 hr postinfection (p.i.). This AA release was 3.8- and 6-fold that of uninfected MO and Mo cultures, respectively. Supernatants from MO and Mo cultures at the peak of AA production inhibited [ 3 H]thymidine uptake of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to PHA by 45 and 54%. At 24 hr p.i., PGE 2 production was increased in both MO and Mo cultures. This increase was associated with a 1.2- and 20-fold inhibition of IL-1 production, respectively. TNF release, however, increased through day 14 p.i. Treating mock-infected MO with recombinant TNF-α induced AA release. Monoclonal antibodies to TNF inhibited this release by 80%. TNF (0.01-0.4 μg/ml) added exogenously to MO produced a biphasic pattern of AA release; while low concentrations were stimulatory, higher concentrations were inhibitory. Treating monocyte and macrophage cultures with mAb to TNF-α inhibited the HIV-induced release of AA and PGE 2 . These findings indicate that HIV-induced TNF-α regulates the release of AA and PGE 2 , which might provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-related disorders.
Surface distribution of brachyuran megalopae and ichthyoplankton in the Columbia River plume during transition from downwelling to upwelling conditions

In the California Current coastal boundary zone, the spring transition between downwelling and upwelling conditions, along with the fluctuating structure of the Columbia River plume, creates highly dynamic interactions. In this study, we investigated whether the surface distribution of brachyuran larvae and ichthyoplankton would track the dynamics of the Columbia River plume. By happenstance, the cruise period coincided with the spring transition from downwelling to sustained upwelling conditions in 2010, a year when the transition was delayed and Columbia River flow was substantially higher than average. We used time series of wind and freshwater input to evaluate the influence of physical forcing on oceanographic patterns, and sampled hydrography and surface plankton concentrations within a 182 km 2 grid off Willapa Bay, WA. Additionally, two longer transects, one cross-shelf and the other along-shore, were made to discern the extent of plume influence on larval crab and fish abundance. We found that plume waters that were trapped in a northward-flowing coastal-boundary current during downwelling conditions were advected offshore after several days of upwelling-favorable winds. Neustonic collections of brachyuran larvae and ichthyoplankton varied in response to this large seaward advective event. Megalopae of cancrid crabs exhibited patterns of both offshore transport (Cancer oregonensis/productus) and nearshore retention (C. magister). Additionally, abundant numbers of large juvenile widow (Sebastes entomelas) and yellowtail (S. flavidus) rockfish of a size appropriate for settlement were sampled during a period when ocean conditions favored high recruitment success. These results demonstrated that the response of planktonic crab larvae and ichthyoplankton to large-scale advection varied by species, with larger and more vagile fish exhibiting less evidence of passive transport than smaller crab larvae. Importantly, portions of the planktonic fish and crab community were able to maintain nearshore distributions in favorable settlement habitat, despite physical advection offshore. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The kinase activity of human brain 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is regulated via inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate.

Abstract The two enzymatic activities of the highly conserved catalytic core of 6PF2K/Fru-2,6-P 2 ase are thought to be reciprocally regulated by the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions unique to each isoform. In this study, we describe the recombinant expression, purification, and kinetic characterization of two human brain 6PF2K/Fru-2,6-P 2 ase splice variants, HBP1 and HBP2. Interestingly, both lack an arginine which is highly conserved among other tissue isoforms, and which is understood to be critical to the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase mechanism. As a result, the phosphatase activity of both HBP isoforms is negligible, but we found that it could be recovered by restoration of the arginine by site directed mutagenesis. We also found that AMP activated protein kinase and protein kinases A, B, and C catalyzed the phosphorylation of Ser-460 of HBP1, and that in addition both isoforms are phosphorylated at a second, as yet undetermined site by protein kinase C. However, none of the phosphorylations had any effect on the intrinsic kinetic characteristics of either enzymatic activity, and neither did point mutation (mimicking phosphorylation), deletion, and alternative-splice modification of the HBP1 carboxy-terminal region. Instead, these phosphorylations and mutations decreased the sensitivity of the 6PF2K to a potent allosteric inhibitor, phosphoenolpyruvate, which appears to be the major regulatory mechanism.
Eigenvalue inequalities and equalities

Abstract We consider cases of equality in three basic inequalities for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices: Cauchy's interlacing inequalities for principal submatrices, Weyl's inequalities for sums, and the residual theorem. Several applications generalize and sharpen known results for eigenvalues of irreducible tridiagonal Hermitian matrices.
Impact of social determinants of health on outcomes for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review

Social determinants of health include the social and economic conditions that influence health status. Research into the impact of social determinants on individuals with type 2 diabetes has largely focused on the prevention of or risk of developing diabetes. No review exists summarizing the impact of social determinants of health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. This systematic review examined whether social determinants of health have an impact on health outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Medline was searched for articles that (a) were published in English (b) targeted adults, ages 18 + years, (c) had a study population which was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, (d) the study was done in the United States, and (e) the study measured at least one of the outcome measures—glycemic control, cholesterol (LDL), blood pressure, quality of life or cost. Using a reproducible strategy, 2,110 articles were identified, and 61 were reviewed based on inclusion criteria. Twelve were categorized as Economic Stability and Education, 17 were categorized as Social and Community Context, 28 were categorized as Health and Health Care, and three were categorized as Neighborhood and Built Environment. Based on the studies reviewed, social determinants have an impact on glycemic control, LDL, and blood pressure to varying degrees. The impact on cost and quality of life was not often measured, but when quality of life was investigated, it did show significance. More research is needed to better characterize the direct impact of social determinants of health on health outcomes in diabetes.
Sesquiterpenoid stress compounds from Nicotiana rustica inoculated with TMV

Abstract Sesquiterpenoid stress compounds, occidol, occidol isomer-1 occidol isomer-2, occidol acetate and phytuberin have been isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana rustica inoculated with TMV. Isomers 1 and 2 and the acetate are sesquiterpenoids not previously reported in nature.
Barack Obama and the Third Wave: the syntaxes of whiteness and articulating difference in the post-identity era

Emerging critiques of Third Wave Feminism and its employment of grammars of whiteness provide a framework for analyzing racial discourses emerging in the same social context. Like Third Wave Feminists, Barack Obama's political ascendancy happens in a post-identity (post-racial, post-feminist) moment where members of ascriptive categories having achieved significant civil rights gains begin to assert their rights to live unconstrained by racialized and gendered histories and norms. Using the syntaxes of whiteness outlined previously by Rebecca Clark Mane, I critically analyze Obama's “A More Perfect Union” speech. I argue that Obama does the following: he provides a racial analysis that is disconnected from historical context, suggests that prevailing isms are primarily relegated to the past, conflates oppositional racial experiences, and relies too heavily on his own personal narrative to justify claims. These discursive practices have damaging effects for our broader understanding of contemporary racial ...
The determinants of supply chain alliance performance: an empirical study

This paper assesses relationship characteristics in supply chain alliances and their effects on alliance performance in supply chains in the context of manufacturing firms drawing on the theory of social exchange and goal interdependence. The results from AVAS analysis show that relationship stability, trust of supplier, relational capital and commitment exert significant effects on the performance of supply chain alliances. These results offer implications for researchers examining the performance of supply chain alliances. Research limitation and future research are discussed.
Evidence of a South Equatorial Counter-current in the Atlantic Ocean in July 1963

AN eastward-flowing current of speeds of 4–7 cm/sec has been indicated in the Atlantic Ocean between 5° and 12.5° S. at about 14° W. longitude.
Cultural influences on the bedtime behaviors of young children.

Abstract Background and purpose This study was designed to assess potential relationships of race and socioeconomic status (SES) to bedtime behavior from a community sample of 2- to 7-year-old children. Patients and methods A previously validated sleep questionnaire was administered to parents of children enrolled in the Jefferson County, Kentucky school system. The sleep behavior of African-American (n=973) and Caucasian (n=2398) children was analyzed. Median annual income of residential zip codes was used as a proxy for SES. Results Mean age was 4.8±1.1 years. Two composite ‘sleep behavior scores’ were generated related to excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep-related behavior. Children in the lower SES group had significantly more impaired ‘sleep behavior scores’ than those in the higher SES group, regardless of race or age. African-American children had later bedtimes than Caucasian children with similar rise times, resulting in significantly shorter sleep duration and more excessive daytime sleepiness, independent of SES and age. Conclusions Cultural variables impact sleep-related behavior in children. Race and SES have independent relationships with sleep behavior. Independent of SES, African-American children sleep less due to later bedtimes. SES does play a role, however, in parentally reported sleep-related behavior problems. Thus, cultural variables such as race and SES are important modifiers of sleep behaviors in children and should be addressed in sleep education programs.
Surface multiplasmonics for optical sensing

Multiple surface plasmon-polariton (SPP)-wave modes can be guided by the interface of a metal and a chiral sculptured thin film (STF). Theory predicts that the angular locations of SPP-wave modes will be shifted if the void regions of the chiral STF are infiltrated with a liquid. Therefore, chiral STFs of lanthanum fluoride were fabricated and employed as a partnering dielectric material to an aluminum thin film to guide multiple SPP-wave modes. The SPP-wave modes shifted to higher angular locations when the refractive index of the infiltrant was increased, exhibiting sensitivity comparable to state-of-research values. Thereby, surface multiplasmonics was exploited for optical sensing.
RBS study of epitaxially grown thin films of the double perovskite La2NiMnO6

Abstract Epitaxial thin films of La2NiMnO6, a ferromagnetic semiconductor, have been fabricated on different substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [H. Guo, J. Burgess, S. Street, A. Gupta, T.G. Calvarese, M.A. Subramanian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 0225509]. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering observations show that the films are single crystalline and have an orthorhombic structure. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements were done on four different samples using 2.1 MeV He+ ions. We used RUMP simulation on the RBS data to extract information about the thickness and stoichiometry of the layers. In this paper, we are discussing the differences of the various films investigated.
Making regulatory decisions across the food ingredient spectrum

Today, safety evaluation of food ingredients must be performed for a wide spectrum of substances and over a wide range of potential human exposures. Some of the traditional approaches to toxicological safety evaluation are not appropriate for certain of the more extreme examples across this spectrum. Yet the public and the regulated industry continue, rightfully, to expect that the system will function efficiently and effectively in their behalf. FDA must expand the range of its available tools to address the unique questions presented by nontraditional food chemicals, while maintaining the scientific credibility and integrity of the regulatory decision process that has protected public health for many decades. The safety standard that these materials must meet has not changed. Yet the types of questions pertinent to safety decisions may indeed be different than those traditionally used.
Short run SPC using dynamic control chart

Abstract A generalization of the EWMA control chart, referred to within as the Dynamic EWMA control chart, is developed. The control chart is based upon a first-order, constant variance, dynamic linear model. Its applicability for short production run SPC applications described.
THE RESONATING VALENCE BOND STATE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

The novel magnetic insulating and the high temperature superconducting properties of the CuO based lanthanum and ytrium oxide superconductors are argued to arise from the Resonating Valence bond (RVB) state. Several new concepts and the related microscopic theories are briefly described.
Optimizing Honor Codes for Online Exam Administration

This study examined self-reported academic dishonesty at a midsize public university. Students (N = 492) rated the likelihood they would cheat after accepting to abide by each of eight honor code pledges before Internet-based assignments and examinations. The statements were derived from honor pledges used by different universities across the United States and varied in length, formality, and the extent to which the statements included consequences for academic dishonesty. Longer, formal honor codes with consequences were associated with a lower likelihood to cheat. Results showed a significant three-way interaction and suggest how to best design honor codes.
Investigation of the tantalum fluoride system using the fluoride-selective electrode☆

Abstract Stability quotients for mono- through heptafluorotantalates in 2 M perchlorate at 25°C were calculated from measurements of free fluoride ion concentrations by the lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode. Ion exchange distribution measurements indicate that anionic fluoride complexes exist below n = 5 .
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Cefotaxime in Patients with Normal and Reduced Renal Function

Two analytic methods for measuring cefotaxime, microbiologic and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), were compared in normal healthy subjects and in patients with impaired renal function. Results of studies showed that in healthy subjects the levels of desacetylcefotaxime are low relative to those of cefotaxime and that either a bioassay or HPLC is adequately specific for determination of pharmacokinetic parameters. However, in patients with decreased renal function, desacetylcefotaxime reaches much higher levels than in healthy subjects. Thus, the less specific bioassay produces misleading data on serum and urine concentrations in these patients, and the HPLC assay of cefotaxime is recommended for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with decreased renal function. In healthy subjects and in patients with a creatinine clearance > 20 ml/min, neither cefotaxime nor its metabolites accumulates after multiple dosing. If creatinine clearance is 20 ml/min. Clinical pharmacokinetics correlates the time course of drug concentrations in plasma and other tissues with drug properties such as effectiveness, toxicity, route of administration, and dosage regimens and can influence selection of a specific drug within a class of drugs. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and clearance rate have become particularly important in adjusting dosage regimens for patients with reduced renal function. Levels of antibiotics in serum and urine are routinely determined by microbiologic assay. This paper compares the use of two analytic methods for determining levels of cefotaxime in serum and urine-microbiologic and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HLPC)-in normal, healthy subjects and in patients with reduced renal function. This report summarizes pharmacokinetic information important to the clinical use of cefotaxime, a new cephalosporin.
Impact of range shifter material on proton pencil beam spot characteristics

Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the effect of range shifter materials on single-spot characteristics of a proton pencil beam. Methods: An analytic approximation for multiple Coulomb scattering (“differential Moliere” formula) was adopted to calculate spot sizes of proton spot scanning beams impinging on a range shifter. The calculations cover a range of delivery parameters: six range shifter materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Lexan, Lucite, polyethylene, polystyrene, and wax) and water as reference material, proton beam energies ranging from 75 to 200 MeV, range shifter thicknesses of 4.5 and 7.0 g/cm2, and range shifter positions from 5 to 50 cm. The analytic method was validated by comparing calculation results with the measurements reported in the literature. Results: Relative to a water-equivalent reference, the spot size distal to a wax or polyethylene range shifter is 15% smaller, while the spot size distal to a range shifter made of Lexan or Lucite is about 6% smaller. The relative spot size variations are nearly independent of beam energy and range shifter thickness and decrease with smaller air gaps. Conclusions: Among the six material investigated, wax and polyethylene are desirable range shifter materials when the spot size is kept small. Lexan and Lucite are the desirable range shifter materials when the scattering power is kept similar to water.
MECHANISMS OF ORGAN SPECIFICITY IN CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS

(1990). Mechanisms of Organ Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 523-533.
A generalization of Markov's inequality

Markov’s inequality for nonnegative random variables is extended to sums of the form aiP(ti 6 Xi t i+1): c 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Photonic-assisted broadband wireless communication with On-line channel compensation

Based on photonic-assisted radio-frequency arbitrary waveform generation, a wireless communication system is assembled to experimentally demonstrate channel sounding, on-line channel distortion compensation and error-free data transmission for ultrabroadband (2–18 GHz) radio-frequency signals.
The effect of scheduling policies on operating room overtime performance

The Operating Room (OR) overtime performance depends on two sources of variability. The uncontrollable case-specific variability includes such factors as the patient's characteristics, the type of operation and the surgeon. There is an additional source of variability that arises from the sharing of hospital resources and can be controlled to an extent. Most operational surgery-scheduling approaches determine short-term case schedules in two phases: assignment of cases to ORs and subsequent sequencing decision. In this study, we consider the effect of sequencing decisions on the overtime performance under different surgery start time policies and resource coupling levels. We provide both analytical and numerical results based on a simulation study. Our results conform to the common practice and indicate that scheduling highly variable cases early on leads to better overtime performance. In addition, we conclude that reducing the level of resource coupling across multiple ORs and/or scheduling coupled cases early on significantly reduces overtime.
The role of ring current particle injections: Global simulations and Van Allen Probes observations during 17 March 2013 storm

We simulate substorm injections observed by the Van Allen Probes during the 17 March 2013 storm using a self-consistent coupling between the ring current model RAM-SCB and the global MHD model BATS-R-US. This is a significant advancement compared to previous studies that used artificially imposed electromagnetic field pulses to mimic substorm dipolarization and associated inductive electric field. Several substorm dipolarizations and injections are reproduced in the MHD model, in agreement with the timing of shape changes in the AE/AL index. The associated inductive electric field transports plasma sheet plasma to geostationary altitudes, providing the boundary plasma source to the ring current model. It is found that impulsive plasma sheet injections, together with a large-scale convection electric field, are necessary to develop a strong ring current. Comparisons with Van Allen Probes observations show that our model reasonably well captures dispersed electron injections and the global Dst index.
Design and performance of an on-line wire spark chamber spectrometer for 5 to 30 GeV/c particles

Abstract This paper describes the design and performance of a wire spark chamber spectrometer system connected on-line to a PDP-6 computer. The system analyzes particles of 5 to 30 GeV/ c momentum scattered at angles from 0 to 15° with a momentum resolution of 0.5% and an angular resolution of 0.5 mrad. The chambers can be sparked every 1.25 msec and the computer can analyze up to 150 events in the 2 sec between AGS beam spills.