cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Low Subsonic Wind Tunnel Model Hardware Surface Treatments on Drag

Wind tunnel models often have many holes or seams due to construction or multiple test configurations. These holes need to be corrected to the true model geometry using surface treatments such as tape, clay, and wax. The goal of this study is to compare existing treatments and determine if more cost and time effective methods such as Scotch tape can achieve similar fidelity data in wind tunnel testing as traditional and more expensive methods. An axisymmetric wind tunnel model was designed and constructed to compare different surface treatments. The treatments tested were no treatment, aluminum tape, aluminum tape dots, Kapton Tape, Kapton Tape dots, Scotch Magic Tape, and clay. The treatment methods were tested in both the laminar and turbulent regions of the boundary layer. It was found that in the laminar region of the model, untreated holes produced the most drag and clay produced the least. It also showed that Scotch Magic Tape produced the second lowest drag of all, with only clay performing better. For the turbulent regions, the results were noisy and inconclusive.
Methods for studying lymphatic function in intact man utilizing Aul98.

SummaryMethods have been devised, using Au198, for studying functional patterns, dynamics and quantitative pickup of lymphatics and lymph nodes. These can be applied to intact man, as well as animals, under varied conditions.
Nocturnal blood-feeding preference associated with a melanotic mutant of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)

A melanotic ( mel ) mutant strain isolated from a colonized strain of Culex larsalis was found to differ markedly in its temporal feeding response to chicks, Parental females fed equally well during all 24 h of the laboratory L:D 16:8 cycle, whereas mel females fed predominantly during the scotophase. Hybrids (F1) derived from reciprocal crosses fed, similarly with no statistical difference, but both were intermediate to the parental strains. mel and wild-type individuals derived from both backcrosses and F1 inbreeding showed feeding behavior similar to their parental strains.
The aquatic of vice dissolved in detection analysis

Objective Understanding of the ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products of JiangMen(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)distribution and level of contamination. Methods Selected the JiangMen major aquatic farmers market and supermarket crustaceans, shellfish,fish collected from May 2010 to September the aquatic total of 352 copies,detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products. Results Isolated the 132 Vibrio parahaemolyticus,the average detection rate of 37.5%,which were detected in 49.21%,27.12%,15.79%,a highly significant difference(P0.05)among the three,the difference was statistically significance. Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus aquatic products in JiangMen has a higher detection rate for the aquatic quality monitoring provides the basis and foundation research.
173 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA STIMULATION OF LUNG INFLAMMATORY CELLS FROM PRETERM INFANTS DOES NOT INDUCE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9

Objective Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in normal lung development and function and tissue remodeling following injury. We have previously shown that high initial levels of TGF-beta and its persistence over time in the lungs of preterm infants contribute to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and predict the need for oxygen therapy at home. It is also known that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membranes, thereby potentially contributing to pathogenesis of BPD. The aim of our study was to determine whether TGF-beta activates production of MMP-9 in lung inflammatory cells from preterm infants. Methods Tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) samples were collected from intubated infants (gestational age 31-40 weeks) during their 2nd and 3rd postnatal days. The lung inflammatory cells were isolated and placed in cell culture media with or without varying doses of recombinant human (rh) TGF-beta. ELISA was used to measure the level of MMP-9 in each sample. Results MMP-9 was detected in all samples examined with a wide range of 8 to 45 nanograms/ml/5×105 cells. There were no detectable differences found in the level of MMP-9 in inflammatory cells treated with rhTGF-beta as compared to the control. Conclusions Inflammatory cells are a major source of MMP-9. TGF-beta does not appear to activate production of MMP-9 by these cells in culture. Alternatively, because of exposure to high levels of TGF-beta in vivo, production of MMP-9 may be maximally stimulated. Further studies are underway to distinguish between these two possibilities.
Biomechanics of tendon transfer.

Summary I have suggested that hand surgeons use certain routines of measurement at operation when tendons are transferred and when tendon grafts are placed. The key measurements are as follows: (1) Each joint that may be affected by the transfer should be moved passively through a measured range at each axis of movement separately. For this purpose a standard 60 or 90 degree range makes comparisons easy. (2) The excursion of the tendon transfer that is made possible by the passive movement of the joint should be measured. The excursion of a strand of nylon may be used in place of the tendon itself. The moment arm of the tendon in relation to the given joint axis is proportional to the excursion and may be used to calculate the effectiveness of the proposed transfer, and also to analyze other effects that may be produced at other axes of joint motion.
Turnround in the Car Industry

I am responsible for two sites, with just under 6700 people; nearly all of them are here at Dagenham. I am the senior executive on the Dagenham estate, which means that if there is any key issue then it is down to me; similarly, when we are in pay negotiations, I am one of the three manufacturing people for Ford of Britain.
Using text messages to promote health in African-Americans: #HeartHealthyandCancerFree.

Objectives: African-Americans are vulnerable to both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to intricately connected risk factors. Use of text messages is an innovative method to provide healt...
Usefulness of the Audience Response System in training lay health advisors for chronic disease prevention

Lay health promoters (LHPs) have been successful in preventing disease. Given the complexity of health interventions, a crucial component that is necessary for LHPs’ success is the training they receive. Engaging methods have the potential to increase LHPs’ learning and efficacy to implement health interventions. The Audience Response System (ARS) has successfully facilitated interactive learning in several settings, but has not been used to train LHPs. This paper describes how the ARS was used in LHP training to implement a complex behavioral intervention, reports the training results, and serves as a model for others who work with LHPs.
Dietary Vitamin D Intake for the Elderly Population: Update on the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin D

Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be diagnosed with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Most vitamin D is derived from sunlight (80%), so serum 25OHD levels are lowest in late winter and early spring. Dietary vitamin D in North America is small, about 100 to 200 IU daily. A recent review of the literature shows many association studies relating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to several diseases. Large randomized trials of vitamin D are underway and soon there may be answers as to whether vitamin D is clinically effective and what level of serum 25OHD is necessary.
Risk of tuberculosis among Alabama children and adolescents treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a retrospective study.

Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi) have dramatically improved the outlook for patients with inflammatory arthritides and bowel disease (IBD), but are associated with increased infection risks, including tuberculosis (TB). Pediatric inflammatory diseases are uncommon, and the risk of TB in children taking TNFi remains unclear. The objective of this study was to report the incidence of TB disease among TNFi recipients at a single pediatric medical center serving most of Alabama compared to that of the general population of Alabama children. Instances of TNFi usage among patients under age 20 years from July 1, 2007 through April 17, 2015 were captured from electronic health records at Children’s of Alabama (CoA), which has the only pediatric rheumatology clinic in Alabama, and where a substantial number of children in Alabama with inflammatory bowel disease receive care., and reports of TB cases were obtained from the Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH). Incidence was expressed as TB cases/10,000 person-years, using population estimates from the Alabama Center for Health Statistics. 1033 Alabama patients at CoA who were residents of Alabama were identified who received TNFi for a total of 1564 person-years. One adolescent on TNFi developed severe extrapulmonary TB (incidence density = 6.4 per 10,000; 95% CI 0.9–45.4 per 10,000). Sixty-three cases occurred in persons not on TNFi (incidence density = 0.064 per 10,000; 95% CI 0.050–0.082 per 10,000). One case of TB disease among TNFi-exposed children was identified for 1564 person-years in Alabama residents. Although rare, this is higher than expected relative to the general rate of TB in Alabama. Thus, continued diagnostic vigilance for TB in children taking TNFi is required. Not applicable.
Spontaneous Covalent Self-Assembly of the Azoarcus Ribozyme from Five Fragments.

Spontaneous covalent assembly of short RNA fragments has been proposed as a plausible prebiotically relevant pathway to a self-reproducing system. We previously showed that the Azoarcus group I intron could self-assemble from four RNA fragments. Here, we extended this fragmentation to five RNAs that averaged <40 nucleotides in length. We optimized this reaction and showed that a dehydration-rehydration sequence was the most effective means to date to shift the self-assembly equilibrium from reactants to products.
Evaluation of OpenCL Performance-oriented Optimizations for Streaming Kernels on the FPGA: (Abstract Only)

The streaming applications efficiently and High-level synthesis (HLS) tools allow people without complex hardware design knowledge to evaluate an application on FPGAs, there is an opportunity and a need to understand where OpenCL and FPGA can play in the streaming domains. To this end, we evaluate the overhead of the OpenCL infrastructure on the Nallatech 385A FPGA board that features an Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA. Then we explore the implementation space and discuss the performance optimization techniques for the streaming kernels using the OpenCL-to-FPGA HLS tool. On the target platform, the infrastructure overhead requires 12% of the FPGA memory and logic resources. The latency of the single work-item kernel execution is 11 us and the maximum frequency of a kernel implementation is around 300 MHz. The experimental results of the streaming kernels show FPGA resources, such as block RAMs and DSPs, can limit the kernel performance before the constraint of memory bandwidth takes effect. Kernel vectorization and compute unit duplication are practical optimization techniques that can improve the kernel performance by a factor of 2 to 10. The combination of the two techniques can achieve the best performance. To improve the performance of compute unit duplication, the local work size needs to be tuned and the optimal value can increase the performance by a factor of 3 to 70 compared to the default value.
The Anglo-Icelandic Fisheries Dispute

In September 1971, Iceland issued regulations extending its fisheries limits from 12 to 50 nautical miles. The United Kingdom (UK) and the Federal Republic of German (West Germany) strongly protested Iceland’s action and each instituted proceedings against Iceland in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) claiming that the ICJ had jurisdiction over the dispute and that Iceland’s action violates international law. In August 1972, the UK and West Germany each obtained an interim order from the Court indicating that, pending the Court’s final decision, Iceland should not enforce its new limits against UK or West German vessels fishing in the disputed waters. In February 1973 the ICJ handed down judgments holding that it had jurisdiction over the two disputes and would proceed to adjudicate the merits. This article, published pending the courts final decision in the matter, discusses: (1) the background and diplomatic history of the dispute; (2) the legal issues involved, including the validity and effect of the ICJ’s Interim Order, the Court’s jurisdiction over the dispute, and the legality of Iceland’s 50 mile fisheries’ limits; (3) other aspects of the dispute, including the interrelation of the ICJ case and the then impending Law of the Sea Conference negotiations, the role of international adjudication, and the role of unilateral state action in international change; and (4) the prospects for the outcome of the ICJ case and settlement of the dispute. The controversy is interesting as illustrating: (1) the nature of the claims and interests at stake in fisheries disputes, which are an important and recurring source of international conflict; (2) the potential role and limitations of international law in adjusting such fisheries’ controversies; (3) the pressures on international law from increasing attempts by coastal states to extend their jurisdiction over their coastal waters; and (4) interesting and important legal issues respecting the law of international agreements, the nature of customary law, the role of the ICJ, the strategy and tactics of international legal controversy, and the workings of the international legal process.
The Cost of Capital in the Defense Industry: Managerial Incentives and the Economic Impact of Mandatory Debt Accounting

We examine managerial incentive factors and the economic implications of mandatory debt accounting on the firm's cost of capital in the defense industry, a significant sector of the economy. In fiscal year 1999 alone, the Department of Defense awarded $124 billion to contractors for goods and services. We consider a unique mandatory accounting treatment and its resulting cash flow or debt subsidy in this industry, the Facilities Capital Cost of Money (FCCOM). To capture a defense-contracting spending cycle, we use 1988 as the study's base year and expand our test-years to include 1982 and 1994. We include 134 firms and examine 349 firm-year observations in the study. Using a control sample of commercial firms, we first document that mandatory debt accounting impacts managerial incentives and differentially influences the use of debt covenants restricting dividends in the defense industry. We also find that incentive factors explaining debt covenants restricting dividends and additional borrowing are decidedly different for defense firms than for commercial firms. In addition, we report a significant negative relation between FCCOM and the existence of dividend covenants suggesting that, consistent with agency theory, the cash flow subsidy mitigates the need for these covenants. Finally, in a debt equity trade-off, we also demonstrate that the FCCOM debt subsidy leads to a lower cost of debt but an increased cost of equity capital within the defense sector. Our results suggest if firms face mandatory accounting that provides debt holders with a cash flow subsidy and a lower cost of debt capital, with a resultant increase in the cost of equity capital, investors seeking to minimize their risk posture may prefer to be debt holders in defense firms rather than in commercial firms, ceteris paribus.
What is the role of nongeneticist physicians, and are they prepared for it?

Physicians have knowledge and skill gaps in their ability to manage the care of families with gene-related illness. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Injured and Stressed Cells

A population of surviving microorganisms, after a sublethal physical or chemical treatment, includes dead cells (lethally or irreversibly injured), uninjured cells (normal cells), and injured cells (stressed, sublethally or reversibly injured). Environmental stress and food preservation methods may cause injury of microorganisms. Injured microorganisms present a potential threat in food safety because they may repair themselves under suitable conditions. The existence of injured microorganisms in food and their recovery during culturing procedures is critical. Detection of injured microorganisms can be important to practical interpretations of data in food microbiology. This article provides an overview of importance of injured and stressed microorganisms in food.
Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Common Carotid Ostial Disease with Tandem Intracranial Occlusions Treated with Thrombectomy and Staged Retrograde Stenting.

Background Acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusive lesions of the anterior circulation involves an intracranial large vessel occlusion as well as a concurrent occlusion or high-grade stenosis of the proximal carotid system. The vast majority of proximal lesions in tandem occlusive cases involve the extracranial internal carotid artery, although the lesion can theoretically exist anywhere along the carotid artery pathway, including the common carotid ostium. Summary To the best of our knowledge, only 1 report describes common carotid artery ostial lesions in the setting of acute ischemic stroke due to tandem occlusions, in which the authors describe an anterograde treatment paradigm. We present the first 2 cases of acute ischemic stroke secondary to common carotid ostial disease with tandem intracranial occlusion, treated with intracranial thrombectomy followed by subsequent staged balloon-mounted stenting of the common carotid ostium. We review the pathophysiology of tandem occlusions, the controversy surrounding treatment techniques, and various approaches used in the treatment of ostial occlusive lesions. Key Message In certain situations where acute carotid stenting is not safe or technically possible, immediate intracranial thrombectomy with a subsequent staged balloon-mounted stenting of the ostial lesion may be a reasonable and safe option.
Drought impacts to trout and salamanders in cool, forested headwater ecosystems in the western Cascade Mountains, OR

Climate change projections for the western United States suggest that many regions will experience increasing frequency and severity of droughts. In summer 2015, the Pacific Northwest experienced a drought with early onset of stream low flows, reduced summer discharge, and elevated temperatures. We evaluated population responses of two dominant stream predators—coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) and coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)—across nine Cascade Mountain streams. Drought conditions impacted both trout and salamanders, but their responses differed. Adult trout abundance and biomass were significantly lower in 2015 relative to 2014, a year with discharge and temperature closer to historical norms. Juvenile trout abundance did not differ between years but juveniles were significantly larger in 2015. Salamander abundance and biomass were not significantly different between years but body condition was lower in all nine streams in 2015. Differences in temperature among streams did not explain trout or salamander responses. Habitat was important for trout responses with trout abundance and biomass experiencing smaller declines in systems with more deep pool area. Despite notable short-term drought impacts to trout and salamanders in 2015, populations recovered to pre-drought conditions within two years in all but the smallest stream.
Diagnostic accuracy of isolated clubfoot in twin compared to singleton gestations.

Background Our objective was to determine the predictive value of the prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot in twin gestations compared to singleton gestations. Methods A prospectively entered ultrasound database was reviewed for all pregnancies scanned at our institution from 2002 to 2014. Cases of suspected clubfoot were identified. Neonates with associated anomalies or aneuploidy, and patients who delivered at other institutions were excluded. Neonatal charts were reviewed for the confirmation of clubfoot. The chi-squared (χ2) test, Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used in the analysis, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results Of those women who had prenatal ultrasound and subsequently delivered at our hospital, 84 pregnancies had isolated clubfoot suspected in the antenatal period. Of these pregnancies, 20 were twin gestations and 64 were singleton gestations. Overall, 51/84 (60.7%) pregnancies had clubfoot confirmed during the neonatal period. Of the twin pregnancies, only 35% (7/20) had a confirmed diagnosis of clubfoot at birth compared to 68.8% (44/64) of the singleton pregnancies (P = 0.008). Gestational age at diagnosis, breech presentation, neonatal gender, unilateral vs. bilateral clubfoot and suspicion of clubfoot in the presenting twin (Twin A) vs. the non-presenting twin (Twin B) did not correlate with an accurate diagnosis of clubfoot in twins. Conclusion False-positive prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot is more common in twin gestations compared to singletons. This may be due to transient malpositioning or a result of diminished space. Obstetric providers should consider the possibility of a false-positive diagnosis and use caution when counseling patients about a prenatal suspicion for clubfoot, especially in twin gestations.
Moving Technologies from Lab To Market

OVERVIEW:Product champions need more than enthusiasm and foresight if they are to accomplish their self-appointed mission—they must be able to steer their product idea across the “Valley of Death” that separates discovery from commercialization. This requires the champion to successfully accomplish a series of discrete activities: recognize that his/her idea or research actually has commercial value, manifest the discovery as a product, communicate its potential through a compelling business case, acquire the resources necessary to realize that potential, use those resources to reduce risk, seek approval for formal development, and translate the project into the approval criteria. Following this, the champion must make his influence felt during the formal project approval stage and in the (hopefully) final development and launch. Carrying out these activities requires special skills, from influence tactics to business case writing.
PROSPECT- A Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment

PROSPECT is a reactor antineutrino experiment whose primary goals are to search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations and perform a precise measurement of the U-235 reactor antineutrino energy spectrum. Since March 2018, PROSPECT has operated a 4 ton antineutrino detector less than 10m from the 85MW High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Operating in this environment with tight space constraints and limited overburden to attenuate cosmic ray backgrounds is a significant technical challenge. The PROSPECT detector design uses efficient optical segmentation and a 6Li doped liquid scintillator with good light yield and pulse-shape discrimination properties to achieve excellent energy reconstruction and background rejection in a compact, space efficient system. Initial results from PROSPECT have demonstrated the ability to detect 100s of antineutrino events per day with good signal-to-background in this aboveground location and perform precise measurements of the HFIR antineutrino energy spectrum.
The Impact of Narratives on Attitudes toward Muslim Immigrants in the U.S.

This study examined the impact of narratives on attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the U.S. Based on a 2 (content: acceptance vs. rejection) × 2 (narrator: Muslim vs. American) plus control cond...
Entirely-3D Printed Microfluidic Platform for On-Site Detection of Drinking Waterborne Pathogens

This work presents a novel handheld, manually-actuated microfluidic prototype designed for on-site colorimetric detection of infectious pathogens in drinking water. We have also developed a custom drop-casting protocol we use to pre-load the entirely 3D printed device, fabricated via ultra-high resolution additive manufacturing technology, with colorimetric enzymatic reagents and bacteria-specific nutrients, which we use to experimentally detect Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in model drinking water, as well as to determine a limit of detection of 1e6 cfu/mL of E. coli in 6 hours. Our proposed microfluidic platform will enable entirely on-site water quality testing, eliminating the need for off-site, lab-based water sample analysis, thus significantly increasing analytical throughput. Furthermore, we have developed a design methodology for engineers to customize the number of desired on-chip pathogen detection chambers, enabling multiplexed detection of multiple pathogens.
Outcomes of Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction in Hypercoagulable Patients.

Background Inherited coagulopathies and previous thrombotic events are often considered relative contraindications to microvascular reconstruction. We hypothesize that with planning, head and neck microvascular reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable individuals. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of subjects with coagulopathies or previous thrombotic events who underwent microvascular head and neck reconstruction. Outcomes studied were “flap-related complications” (arterial/venous compromise or flap loss) and “patient-related complications” (hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection, stroke, or death). Results One hundred thirty-four microvascular flaps were performed in 117 subjects. Twenty-four subjects (20.5%) had a preoperative hypercoagulable condition and underwent 28 microvascular reconstructions. Twenty-three of 24 subjects had a previous thrombotic event, with five subjects identified with an inherited or acquired coagulopathy. All microvascular reconstructions were successful; however, complications occurred in 12 of 28 reconstructions (42.9%). Complications were “flap related” in four reconstructions (14.3%), “patient related” in nine reconstructions (32.1%), and both in one reconstruction (3.6%). Flap-related complications included small partial flap loss (n = 2), arterial compromise (n = 1), and venous compromise (n = 1), with all undergoing successful salvage. Patient-related complications included hematoma (n = 3), pulmonary embolism (n = 2), infection (n = 2), deep venous thrombosis (n = 1), and death (n = 1). Statistical analysis demonstrated that complications were more common in subjects with inferior vena cava filters (p = 0.06) and hematomas were associated with the use of therapeutic heparin infusion (p = 0.04). Conclusion Microvascular head and neck reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable subjects. However, patient-related complications remain a concern in these subjects.
Spatial exploration strategy training for spatial neglect: A pilot study

Spatial neglect is a syndrome due to impaired neural networks critical for spatial attention and related cognitive and motor functions. Affected individuals also have impaired self-awareness of their own neglect symptoms. The present randomized controlled study was the first proof-of-concept pilot examining the multi-context treatment approach using a protocol of spatial exploration strategy training in one brief session (20-30 minutes). The therapist provided supportive feedback and semi-structured guidance to promote strategy learning and self-discovery of omission errors. 40 patients with left-sided neglect after right brain stroke were included. The results showed that the treatment reduced lateralized bias toward the ipsilesional side of space but did not improve overall detection performance. Impaired general self-awareness of daily-life spatial difficulties was found independent of treatment outcome. This implies that judgment regarding responsiveness to treatment should not be made based on an awareness interview or the severity of neglect symptoms. Lastly, the treatment showed the potential of improving online contextual self-awareness of spatial abilities. A collaborative and interactive approach that focuses on helping the patient self-discover, monitor and self-manage their errors, appears to have a potential for decreasing neglect symptoms. Future studies are required to examine additional aspects of the multi-context treatment approach.
Returning to a Patient-Centered Approach in the Management of Hypothyroidism.

Shared decision making is an important aspect of high-quality health care and incorporates understanding patients’ beliefs around how medication works, the potential side effects, and expected benefits. Gaining this understanding helps to guide the decision of which medications most closely align
Homoclinic dynamics in a spatial restricted four-body problem: blue skies into Smale horseshoes for vertical Lyapunov families

The set of transverse homoclinic intersections for a saddle-focus equilibrium in the planar equilateral restricted four-body problem admits certain simple homoclinic orbits which form the skeleton of the complete homoclinic intersection—or homoclinic web. In the present work, the planar restricted four-body problem is viewed as an invariant subsystem of the spatial problem, and the influence of this planar homoclinic skeleton on the spatial dynamics is studied from a numerical point of view. Starting from the vertical Lyapunov families emanating from saddle-focus equilibria, we compute the stable/unstable manifolds of these spatial periodic orbits and look for intersections between these manifolds near the fundamental planar homoclinics. In this way, we are able to continue all of the basic planar homoclinic motions into the spatial problem as homoclinics for appropriate vertical Lyapunov orbits which, by the Smale tangle theorem, suggest the existence of chaotic motions in the spatial problem. While the saddle-focus equilibrium solutions in the planar problems occur only at a discrete set of energy levels, the cycle-to-cycle homoclinics in the spatial problem are robust with respect to small changes in energy.
Do (women’s) words matter? The influence of gendered language in entrepreneurial pitching

Abstract Women entrepreneurs consistently raise far less investor funding than men. In this study, we consider how women’s use of gender-similar language may influence investor decisions on venture pitches. Contrary to theories of communicative style and gender, we find women do not apply linguistic styles traditionally attributed to women in crafting their pitches. Instead, women entrepreneurs use language similar to their male counterparts when pitching to investors. Consistent with gender role congruity theory, we found that a masculine linguistic style is generally more effective in pitching situations, with limitations. Overly masculine language had a negative impact for both male and female entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest women entrepreneurs have a clear understanding of the power of the spoken language and the impact of the words they use when pitching investors for funding.
Walking Forwards with Moral Injury: Narratives from Ex-serving Australian Defence Force Members

Military personnel can be exposed to events such as killing or human suffering that can breach or violate their core moral frameworks. The breaching or violation of one’s core moral framework can create moral trauma—often termed “moral injury.” Moral injury has gained increased attention during the last decade due to its links to military suicide. The core characteristics of moral injury have not yet reached a universal consensus but can include deep feelings of shame, guilt, distrust, anger, and self-condemnation. Few studies have focused on moral injury in Australia. This paper is one of several published from a larger PhD study. The purpose of this paper is to understand participants’ experiences of moral injury. Analysis of the data revealed the overarching theme—walking forwards with moral injury—describing participants’ experiences of living with a moral injury and how they navigated and made meaning of their experience. From this overarching theme, three sub-themes emerged: (a) meaning-making and moral injury, (b) narratives of transformation, and (c) leading the charge. The study found that to continue “walking forwards” a transformation of identity was needed. The transformation happened when an understanding of the meaning underpinning identity occurred, and when validation and reconciliation of the experience were achieved. These findings enhance knowledge of the mechanisms needed to better support veterans living with moral injury in Australia. Outcomes from this work may assist clinicians or those working with military veterans in providing more appropriate care to those experiencing moral injury.
Correlations of diffusion tensor imaging and clinical measures with spinal cord cross-sectional area measurements in pediatric spinal cord injury patients.

PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to employ a semi-automatic method for measuring spinal cord cross-sectional area (SCCSA) and investigate the correlations between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and SCCSA for the cervical and thoracic spinal cord for typically developing pediatric subjects and pediatric subject with spinal cord injury. METHODS Ten typically developing (TD) pediatric subjects and ten pediatric subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) were imaged using a Siemens Verio 3 T MR scanner to acquire DTI and high-resolution anatomic scans covering the cervical and thoracic spinal cord (C1-T12). SCCSA was measured using a semi-automated edge detection algorithm for the entire spinal cord. DTI metrics were obtained from whole cord axial ROIs at each vertebral level. SCCSA measures were compared to DTI metrics by vertebral level throughout the entire cord, and above and below the injury site. Correlation analysis was performed to compare SCCSA, DTI and clinical measures as determined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examination. RESULTS In subjects with SCI, FA and SCCSA had a positive correlation (r = 0.81, P < 0.01), while RD and SCCSA had a negative correlation (r = -0.68, P = 0.02) for the full spinal cord. FA and SCCSA were correlated above (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and below (r = 0.54, P < 0.01) the injury site. TD subjects showed negative correlations between AD and SCCSA (r = -0.73, P = 0.01) and RD and SCCSA (r = -0.79, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The ability to quickly and effectively measure SCCSA in subjects with SCI has the potential to allow for a better understanding of the progression of atrophy following a SCI. Correlations between cord cross section and DTI metrics by vertebral level suggest that imaging inferior and superior to lesion may yield useful information for diagnosis and prognosis.
Equity Returns After Large Price Shocks: Global Evidence

Using a sample of stocks experiencing large price changes in 40 countries over 20 years, we investigate the association between investors’ traits that vary by national culture – overconfidence, conservatism, and risk tolerance – and proposed theoretical explanations for short-term equity returns following large price shocks. We find that, consistent with the uncertain information hypothesis, investors in cultures with lower levels of risk tolerance overreact more to negative and less to positive price shocks than investors in more risk-tolerant cultures. We fail to find evidence of overreaction in more individualistic (overconfident) cultures; or underreaction in less trusting (more conservative) cultures. Differences in formal institutions across countries, such as short-selling restrictions and insider trading laws, also help explain variation in returns after price shocks. We use an instrumental variable approach to demonstrate causation. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of both informal and formal institutions to understand investors’ reaction to unanticipated information.
Electron capture dissociation and collision induced dissociation behavior of peptides containing methionine, selenomethionine and oxidized methionine

Abstract The electron capture dissociation and collision induced dissociation of doubly and triply charged ions of peptides RPLGMSPFK, RPLGM(Se)SPFK and RPLGM(O)SPFK were determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results suggest that ECD of analyzed species strongly depends on the nature of a single element (i.e., sulfur and selenium atoms, sulfoxide group) and can provide both primary sequence information and structural information regarding the modification. The properties of sulfur and selenium atoms are negligible in the case of CID processes. The CID loss of CH 3 SOH, which is unique in peptides to the Met(O) side chain, does not depend on the peptide sequence.
A study of the use of 5-iodo-2'- deoxyuridine in cutaneous herpes simplex.

Recent studies of the effects of 5-bromo- and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine demonstrated that these compounds interfered with both normal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis as well as viral DNA synthesis in animal and bacterial cells (1, 2, 3). A third member of this same series, 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU) was subsequently found to be an effective inhibitor in vitro of 2 DNA viruses, vaccinia and herpes simplex (4). With this background, Kaufman et al (5) reported in 1962 that when a supersaturated aqueous solution of IDU was placed every two hours in the conjunctival sac of humans and rabbits with herpes simplex keratitis, the viral infection subsided markedly within two days.
THE ROLE OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK

THE PAPER DESCRIBES AN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING ROCK PROPERTIES THROUGH STUDY OF THEIR RELATION TO THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE ROCK. PETROFABRIC ANALYSES OF ROCK SPECIMENS, SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS PHYSICAL PROPERTY TESTS, HAVE SHOWN A STRONG CORRELATION AMONG SEVERAL PROPERTIES AND SOME OF THE MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES. THE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES BEING USED IN THESE ROCK PHYSICS STUDIES ARE DISCUSSED. AS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS WORK, THE RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ANISOTROPISM IN SALISBURY GRANITE ARE GIVEN. ORIENTED DRILL CORES WERE CUT IN THREE MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR DIRECTIONS FROM LARGE BLOCKS OF THE ROCK. AXIAL AND DIAMETRIC PULSE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE ON THE CORES TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE OF ELASTIC ANISTROPISM. THE CORES WERE CUT INTO DISKS AND SUBJECTED TO AXIAL /POINT-LOAD/ AND DIAMETRIC /LINE-LOAD/ TENSION TESTS TO DETERMINE DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE OF STRENGTH ANISOTROPISM. THE BROKEN SPECIMENS WERE RECONSTRUCTED, CUT INTO THIN SECTIONS, AND EXAMINED PETROGRAPHICALLY. THERE WAS A STRONG CORRELATION AMONG THE DIRECTION OF MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SONIC VELOCITY, PREFERRED DIRECTION OF FAILURE, AND A NUMBER OF MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES, SUCH AS DEFECT STRUCTURES AND GRAIN ORIENTATION. /AUTHOR/
Time‐Frequency Analysis: Filter Banks and Transforms

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Analysis‐Synthesis Framework for M‐band Filter Banks Filter Banks for Audio Coding: Design Considerations Quadrature Mirror and Conjugate Quadrature Filters Tree‐Structured QMF and CQF M‐band Banks Cosine Modulated “Pseudo QMF” M‐band Banks Cosine Modulated Perfect Reconstruction (PR) M‐band Banks and the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) Discrete Fourier and Discrete Cosine Transform Pre‐echo Distortion Pre‐echo Control Strategies Summary Problems Computer Exercises
Comprehensive overview: efficacy, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Clobazam is the newest medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients at least 2 years of age, although the medication has been available in countries around the world to treat epilepsy and anxiety disorders for many years. Though classified as a benzodiazepine, the drug differs structurally from other drugs in the class as it possesses nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 5 positions within the heterocyclic ring rather than at the 1 and 4 positions. This difference and the classification of clobazam as a partial agonist are believed to be responsible for the decreased incidence of sedative effects compared to other benzodiazepines. Adverse events associated with clobazam use in clinical trials have generally been mild to moderate in nature. Data from an open-label extension trial have confirmed that clobazam is efficacious for the treatment of seizures associated with LGS, particularly atonic seizures (drop seizures), over the long term. Tolerance to the drug's antiepileptic effects does not seem to be a common occurrence. The drug has proven to be a cost-effective option for therapy, particularly due to its ability to decrease the number of seizures that require medical treatment. Clobazam represents a welcome addition to the treatment options for LGS.
Agrobacterium type IV secretion is a two‐step process in which export substrates associate with the virulence protein VirJ in the periplasm

Summary Type IV secretion systems are virulence determinants in many bacteria and share extensive homology with many conjugal transfer systems. Although type IV systems and their homologues have been studied widely, the mechanism by which substrates are secreted remains unclear. In Agrobacterium, we show that type IV secretion substrates that lack signal peptides form a soluble complex in the periplasm with the virulence protein VirJ. Additionally, these proteins co-precipitate with constituents of the type IV transporter: the VirB pilus and the VirD4 protein. Our findings suggest that the substrate proteins localized to the periplasm may associate with the pilus in a manner that is mediated by VirJ, and suggest a two-step process for type IV secretion in Agrobacterium. Our analyses of protein–protein interactions in a variety of mutant backgrounds indicate that substrates are probably secreted independently of one another.
The use of the make-a-picture-story test with disturbed adolescents.

(1948). The Use of the Make-A-Picture-Story (MAPS) Test with Disturbed Adolescents. Rorschach Research Exchange and Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 155-164.
Bitter Patterns on Single-Crystal Thin Films of Iron and Nickel

Basic domain structures of epitaxially grown single crystals of Fe and Ni were investigated by the Bitter pattern technique. Films of these materials were obtained by evaporation onto freshly cleaved MgO single crystals heated to an appropriate temperature in a vacuum of 10−5mm Hg or less. The nature of the resulting films was examined using reflection electron diffraction. The Bitter patterns were obtained with the metal films on the substrate. From the mode of epitaxy, the structure of the domains and the direction of the moments were determined with respect to the orientation of the substrate. The cleavage surface of the substrate is not perfectly flat, but contains rather large steps as well as tear lines, and these defects are clearly observable in the powder patterns. The relations between such imperfections and the domain patterns are discussed. In addition, the patterns show signs of the existence of matching strain between the metal film and the substrate. The effect of the strain becomes more important as the film thickness decreases, as shown by small intricate domains that are formed. The importance of the 90° wall over the 180° wall in the case of thin films with cubic symmetry is emphasized.
Hypertrophy of the rat urinary bladder following reduction of its functional volume.

If the functional volume of the rat urinary bladder is reduced by injecting varying quantities of a 50:50 melted mixture of paraffin and vaseline, the capacity of the bladder increases so as to provide the extra space needed to accommodate for the storage of urine. By four weeks, such bladders were found to have hypertrophied roughly in proportion to the size of the bolus of paraffin-vaseline they contained.
Disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare resembling sarcoidosis

17. Ware JW. Subungual malignant melanoma presenting as mn9:491968;75:582-4. 51. 20. Roberts AHN. Subungual melanoma following a single 18. Uchiyama M, Minerva K. Two cases of malignant melainjury. J Hand Surg 1984;9:328-30. noma in young persons. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi 21. Blessing K, Kemohan NM, Park KG. Subungual malignant 1979;89:668. melanoma: clinicopathological features of 100 cases. His19. Dupermt B, Puissant A, Glicenstein J, et al. Le panaris topathology 1991; 19:425-9.
Posttraumatic Amnesia: Its Relation to Functional Outcome

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relation between duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and functional outcome in a traumatically brain injured population. Patients: Two hundred seventy-six patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were admitted to a Level I university trauma center and required inpatient rehabilitation. Measures: Duration of PTA was assessed by serial administrations of the Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT). Functional Independence Measure (FIM) total scores, FIM cognitive and motor subscores, and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores were obtained at admission and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Results: Duration of PTA was a significant predictor of all admission and discharge DRS and FIM scores. Duration of PTA and age at/the time of injury, in combination, contributed significantly to the prediction of the DRS score and FIM total, cognitive, and motor scores at discharge. Conclusion: Duration of PTA appears to be a useful variable in predicting specific functional outcome in the TBI population receiving inpatient rehabilitation services. The use of age as a factor in addition to duration of PTA enhances the prediction of functional outcome.
Neurotoxic effects from residential exposure to chemicals from an oil reprocessing facility and superfund site

Neurotoxicity has been described in workers exposed to solvents, PCBs, certain metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons but not often in residents near refineries or factories. We compared the neurobehavioral performance of residents near a plant that reprocessed used motor oil and chemical waste from 1966-1983 to referents from beyond the plant's modeled air dispersal and water drainage zones. Neurophysiological and psychological tests, a Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a symptom questionnaire were administered to 131 subjects exposed at the site who were matched for age, sex, and ethnicity 2:1 with 66 unexposed subjects from 35 km away. Test scores were adjusted for a 1.4-year difference in educational attainment by coefficients from regression equations but not for income as the latter coefficients were not significant. Exposed subjects were significantly impaired for body balance (sway speed) and simple and two choice visual reaction time as compared to referents. Blink reflex latency (R-1) and eye closure speed were normal in both groups. Cognitive function in the exposed was impaired as measured by Culture Fair and by block design from the WAIS. Placing pegs in a grooved board and making of trails (A and B) were also impaired. Group differences in recall and memory were not significant. The exposed group's symptom frequencies and POMS scores for depression, anger, confusion, tension, and fatigue were elevated indicating depression. Confounding from medical and neurological disorders or occupational exposures was minimal. Subjects exposed residentially for up to 17 years to chemicals dispersed from a waste oil reprocessing plant showed neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairment.