cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metric reconstruction from Weyl scalars

The Kerr geometry has remained an elusive world in which to explore physics and delve into the more esoteric implications of general relativity. Following the discovery, by Kerr in 1963, of the metric for a rotating black hole, the most major advance has been an understanding of its Weyl curvature perturbations based on Teukolsky's discovery of separable wave equations some ten years later. In the current research climate, where experiments across the globe are preparing for the first detection of gravitational waves, a more complete understanding than concerns just the Weyl curvature is now called for. To understand precisely how comparatively small masses move in response to the gravitational waves they emit, a formalism has been developed based on a description of the whole spacetime metric perturbation in the neighbourhood of the emission region. Presently, such a description is not available for the Kerr geometry. While there does exist a prescription for obtaining metric perturbations once curvature perturbations are known, it has become apparent that there are gaps in that formalism which are still waiting to be filled. The most serious gaps include gauge inflexibility, the inability to include sources—which are essential when the emitting masses are considered—and the failure to describe the l = 0 and 1 perturbation properties. Among these latter properties of the perturbed spacetime, arising from a point mass in orbit, are the perturbed mass and axial component of angular momentum, as well as the very elusive Carter constant for non-axial angular momentum. A status report is given on recent work which begins to repair these deficiencies in our current incomplete description of Kerr metric perturbations.
Relative position of the cheirogaleidae in strepsirhine phylogeny: A comparison of morphological and molecular methods and results

An examination of previous morphological and molecular studies of strepsirhine systematics suggests a conflict between the two types of data. Cladistic analyses of morphological data have indicated that the Malagasy primate family Cheirogaleidae is the sister taxon of the Afro-Asian lorisiforms and that together, cheirogaleids and lorisiforms comprise a monophyletic clade that excludes the Malagasy lemuriforms. Molecular studies, on the other hand, have consistently found that cheirogaleids and lemuriforms together are monophyletic to the exclusion of lorisiforms. Both types of studies, however, have suffered from methodological weaknesses: the morphological studies looked at too few characters and the molecular studies looked at too few taxa. This study examines a large and diverse morphological data set as well as molecular data from a comprehensive sample of strepsirhine taxa. The data sets are considered independently and jointly. When they are analyzed independently, the morphological data give weak support, and the molecular data strong support, to the hypothesis of Malagasy primate monophyly. When the two data sets are combined in a single analysis, the results are decisive. The “total evidence” approach yields compelling support to the hypothesis that cheirogaleids and remaining Malagasy lemuriforms comprise a monophyletic assemblage that excludes lorisiforms. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature field estimation using electrical impedance profiling methods. II: Experimental system description and phantom results

An electrical impedance tomography system has been developed and tested for the purpose of thermal imaging. Since impedance changes with temperature, images of impedance subtracted from normothermic baselines will provide a map of temperature data. A system was designed to be operational at 10-50 kHz and to utilize 16 external electrodes around the periphery of a tissue-equivalent phantom encompassing the region of interest. These electrodes serve as current sources for the 5 mA constant-current inputs and are also used for reading differential voltages. Hyperthermia treatments for cancer require that internal thermometry probes be inserted into the tumour volume. Linear arrays of electrodes with thermometry tracks for micro-dimension thermometry serve this function, as well as providing localized voltage measurements in the region of interest. The embedded temperature sensors provide a quality assurance and calibration standard for the linear arrays in reconstruction of impedance profiles. Results of transient heating experiments with conductive and ultrasound heating are shown where image reconstruction is performed using a finite element model. Temperature predictions in these studies were accurate to better than 1 degree C on average when using information from surface electrodes combined with internal linear arrays. Maximum temperature errors, however, was found to be > 5 degrees C which suggests that further noise reduction during data acquisition and improvements in the reconstructions algorithms are needed.
Chiral phase transition and instanton--anti-instanton molecules

In this paper we explore the idea that the chiral phase transition in QCD can be described as a transition from a disordered instanton liquid to a strongly correlated phase of polarized instanton--anti-instanton molecules. We calculate the degree of polarization of the molecules as a function of the temperature and show that the resulting [ital T] dependence of the fermion determinant drives the chiral phase transition. We also show how the polarization of the molecules can lead to a nontrivial behavior of the energy density and pressure. Finally, we study the effect of the presence of molecules on the propagation of quarks at [ital T][similar to][ital T][sub [ital c]]. We derive the corresponding effective interaction and find that the strength in the scalar-pseudoscalar channel is four times the strength in the vector--axial-vector channel which agrees with recent lattice QCD simulations. We give results for the quark condensates as well as mesonic and baryonic correlation functions and find that the screening masses'' of chiral partners become equal for [ital T][gt][ital T][sub [ital c]], where we still observe substantial attraction in the scalar-pseudoscalar meson channels.
Introduction to menstrual disturbances in athletes.

The first symposium on this topic at an annual meeting of ACSM was presented 22 yr ago when the high prevalence of menstrual disorders in athletes was becoming increasingly apparent. The clinical consequences and need for treatment for menstrual disturbances in athletes have been recognized by ACSM through the publication of its 1997 Position Stand on the Female Athlete Triad. This mini-symposium presents an update on recent scientific advances on this topic. The first review in this symposium concentrates on a menstrual disturbance in which the length of the luteal phase is abbreviated and luteal function is suppressed. Such luteal suppression occurs in a large proportion of even the most regularly menstruating athletes. The next two papers summarize what has been learned about the mechanism of these disturbances from prospective experiments that have employed diet, exercise, cold exposure, and pharmacological blockers of metabolic pathways to disrupt menstrual cycles in monkeys and humans as well as estrous cycles and reproductive behavior in hamsters.
The cell-infecting unit of wound tumor virus.

Abstract In three successive experiments the number of virions in the cell-infecting unit (CIU) of wound tumor virus (WTV) was found to be 11 ⩽ 160, 10 ⩽ 87, and 5 ⩽ 25 when the confidence probability was 95%. 3 Several factors operative in these experiments were known to increase the CIU value. In our discussion we give reasons for the application of estimates of correction factors for these influences and the judgment that the corrected CIU values for the same three experiments of 6 ⩽ 82, 6 ⩽ 52, and 3 ⩽ 15, respectively, are better measures than the uncorrected values above.
On a nonstandard problem for heat conduction in a cylinder

Decay bounds are derived for the solution of a heat conduction problem in a semi-infinite cylinder when the lateral surface is held at zero temperature, a nonzero temperature is prescribed on the finite base, and the temperature at time T is prescribed to be a constant multiple of the temperature at initial time. Both energy and pointwise decay bounds are computed for a range of values of the constant multiple. Such problems were originally introduced as a means of stabilizing the backward-in-time problem for the heat equation.
Inner-Shelf Sedimentation in the Gulf of Papua, New Guinea: A Mud-Rich Shallow Shelf Setting

Abstract Each year, approximately 4 × 108 tons of sediment from multiple river sources is discharged to the Gulf of Papua. This large supply enters a system where physical energetics vary seasonally and accumulation of mud and sand occurs on the inner shelf. Sediment supplied by the largest of these fluvial sources, the Fly River, is advected northeastward by the prevailing currents, where it joins with sediment supplied from other rivers. Three sedimentary deposits are identified along the 20-meter isobath: (1) slowly accumulating (∼0.6 cm y−1) massive sandy mud in the west; (2) interbedded mud and sand with higher accumulation rates (1.9–2.7 cm y−1) in the central region; and (3) slowly accumulating (∼0.7 cm y−1) bioturbated muds in the east. Trends in the preserved strata reflect the interaction of fluvial, tidal, and wave processes. In the tidally energetic western region, massive sandy units dominate, whereas interbeds of mud and sand are observed in the central region. The interbeds (centimeters thi...
The cyclic cutwidth of trees

We consider the problem of embedding trees into cyclic host graphs in such a way as to minimize the cutwidth, the maximum number of edges along any point in the cycle. We show that the cyclic cutwidth of trees equals the linear cutwidth.
Visual-motor test performance: race and achievement variables

Tested rural Michigan black (N = 60) and white (N = 60) children of variant academic achievement on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test for visual-motor skill development. The test, which consists of six gestalt designs for the person to copy, includes four measures of such skill development: Degree of copied design rotation and errors of separation of circle-diamond, distortion of circle-diamond and distortion of dots. In general, analyses that statistically controlled for intellectual level indicated that race was not a significant variable in the relationship of achievement level and visual-motor test performance. That is, such analyses resulted only in a significant achievement effect; low achievers, in comparison with high achievers, performed poorly on the copying test. Only with distortion of circle-diamond errors was a race interactive effect noted; i.e., black low achievers had significantly more errors than black high achievers, white low achievers or white high achievers. RESULTS were discussed in relation to environmental determinants and symptomatology correlates. Language: en
Estimated cumulative radiation dose from PET/CT in children with malignancies: a 5-year retrospective review

Background The increasing use of serial PET/CT scans in the management of pediatric malignancies raises the important consideration of radiation exposure in children.
Site-Specific Mutations in the Myosin Binding Sites of Actin Affect Structural Transitions That Control Myosin Binding †

We have examined the effects of actin mutations on myosin binding, detected by cosedimen- tation, and actin structural dynamics, detected by spectroscopic probes. Specific mutations were chosen that have been shown to affect the functional interactions of actin and myosin, two mutations (4Ac and E99A/E100A) in the proposed region of weak binding to myosin and one mutation (I341A) in the proposed region of strong binding. In the absence of nucleotide and salt, S1 bound to both wild-type and mutant actins with high affinity (Kd < IM), but either ADP or increased ionic strength decreased this affinity. This decrease was more pronounced for actins with mutations that inhibit functional interaction with myosin (E99A/E100A and I341A) than for a mutation that enhances the interaction (4Ac). The mutations E99A/E100A and I341A affected the microsecond time scale dynamics of actin in the absence of myosin, but the 4Ac mutation did not have any effect. The binding of myosin eliminated these effects of mutations on structural dynamics; i.e., the spectroscopic signals from mutant actins bound to S1 were the same as those from wild-type actin. These results indicate that mutations in the myosin binding sites affect structural transitions within actin that control strong myosin binding, without affecting the structural dynamics of the strongly bound actomyosin complex. Force generation in muscle results from cyclic interactions between actin and myosin heads in the presence of ATP. A major step toward understanding the mechanism of these interactions was the solution of X-ray crystal structures for the actin monomer (1) and the myosin head (S1) 1 (2), and models of the actin-myosin interface were created by fitting these high-resolution structures into the low-resolution electron density maps of acto-S1 obtained from cryoelectron microscopy (3, 4). 1
Taking Neurology to the Underserved - A Pilot Initiative in an Urban Homebound Program (P6.007)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this pilot program was to establish a volunteer neurology consult service within the Mount Sinai Visiting Doctors Program(MSVD) in order to address the unmet needs of homebound patients with neurological conditions as well offer a unique educational experience for residents, fellows, and medical students. BACKGROUND: Over 2 million people are homebound in the United States with an increase of 50% expected over the next twenty years. Though home based primary care programs are effective in reducing hospitalizations among this population, they lack subspecialty care. With conditions such as dementia and stroke afflicting a large proportion of homebound patients, neurologic consultation is warranted. DESIGN/METHODS: Neurology consults were requested by primary care providers from MSVD to PGY-3 and PGY-4 Mount Sinai neurology residents and Multiple Sclerosis Fellows. Home visits were conducted by the trainee with Neurology attendings serving as preceptors and providing indirect supervision. Patients were seen throughout Manhattan. Consult findings and recommendations were documented in the electronic medical record. RESULTS: Over three years, 30 home visits were conducted: 29 new consults and 1 follow up. The average age of the patients were 71 years, with female to male ratio of 2:1. 79% were 60 years and older, 48% were white and 28% Hispanic. The most common diseases and conditions consulted on were: parkinsonism, demyelinating disease, stroke, headache, and neuropathy. Three illustrative cases will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot program highlights types of chronic neurologic illnesses afflicting the homebound population, treatment interventions utilized, and clinical challenges encountered. By considering the real-world intersection of disease and living environment, trainees gained perspective on the debilitating impact of neurological illness on homebound patients. This pilot program reveals the need and feasibility of neurological home based care as an important clinical, educational, and palliative paradigm. Disclosure: Dr. Ramdhani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fabian has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec. as a speaker. Dr. Wajnberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeCherrie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krieger has received personal compensation for activities with Acorda Therapeutics, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation, Questcor, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Krieger has received research support from Bayer Healthcare.
Measuring flavonoid intake: need for advanced tools.

Objective:Flavonoids are phytochemicals with potentially beneficial biological effects that are poorly characterised in existing tables of food composition.Design:To describe new techniques for analysis, absorption, informatics and dietary assessment that are important in measuring the flavonoid content in foods and in developing a flavonoid food composition database.Setting:Data on chemical analyses of the major flavonoid compounds that exist in the food science literature are being located, collated and compiled into a preliminary flavonoid food composition database.Results:The analytical process begins with preparation of the food for flavonoid analysis using techniques to disrupt the food matrix, alcoholic extraction, and enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis to remove sugars. Separation is usually accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography. Flavonoids are identified by diode array spectrometry, mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantification usually employs comparison of the sample with standards, if available, using the area under the curve of the chromatogram to estimate quantity. Absorption studies are useful since flavonoids vary in their absorption. Finally, information management technologies (informatics) are used to translate flavonoid data information into food composition databases. This process involves identification of foods containing the compounds of interest, collection and organisation of sources of existing analytical data, assignment of quality scores or aggregation of acceptable data for each component and food, calculation of appropriate statistics, assignment of food codes and verification, and finalisation. The resulting food flavonoid database can be used with state-of-the-art dietary assessment methods to develop estimates of flavonoid intakes in foods and to correlate these with estimates of disease risk.Conclusions:A provisional flavonoid database, including at least two components from each of six classes of flavonoids, should be completed in 2002.
GIX/MY/1 SYSTEMS WITH RESIDENT SERVER AND GENERALLY DISTRIBUTED ARRIVAL AND SERVICE GROUPS

Considered are bulk systems of GI/M/1 type in which the server stands by when it is idle, waits for the first group to arrive if the queue is empty, takes customers up to its capacity and is not available when busy. Distributions of arrival group size and server’s capacity are not restricted. The queueing process is analyzed via an augmented imbedded Markov chain. In the general case, the generating function of the steady-state probabilities of the chain is found as a solution of a Riemann boundary value problem. This function is proven to be rational when the generating function of the arrival group size is rational, in which case the solution is given in terms of roots of a characteristic equation. A necessary and sufficient condition of ergodicity is proven in the general case. Several special cases are studied in detail: single arrivals, geometric arrivals, bounded arrivals, and an arrival group with a geometric tail.
Emotional Intelligence and Worker Commitment

Objective: This article reviews current research on emotional intelligence and explores the ways that leaders’ behavior has been shown to affect worker commitment. The impact of employees’ emotional intelligence on their actions and attitudes is discussed as well as suggestions for leaders to help employees utilize emotional intelligence as a resource for achieving success in the workforce.Methodology: This article presents a literature review that summarizes current research on emotional intelligence and organizational leadership theories. Study data was collected via survey methodology, with responses from more than 600 EMBA students with full-time work experience across multiple industries.Implications: This article contributes to the field of management by determining how leader behaviors impact employee commitment to their supervisor and the organization. Research to date has highlighted the importance of employee commitment, both with their job and organization, toward improved performance, worker retention, increased motivation, and reduced absenteeism and turnover. To date, minimal research has been conducted to determine how leaders might affect these outcomes. This study will focus on employee descriptions of leader behaviors in their organizations and levels of employee commitment to the leader and organization. The results of the study are expected to have implications for leader selection and training as well as strategies to improve employee performance and retention.
DYNAMIC FLEET MANAGEMENT AS A LOGISTICS QUEUEING NETWORK

This paper introduces a new framework for modeling and solving dynamic fleet management problems, which we call the Logistics Queueing Network (LQN). A variety of problems in logistics involve the combined problem of moving freight from origin to destination while simultaneously managing the capacity required to move this freight. Standard formulations for real-world problems usually lead to intractably large linear programs. The LQN approach can take into account more real-world detail and is considerably faster than classical LP formulations. The solutions generated using the LQN approach are shown to be within a few percentage points of the LP optimal solutions depending on the size of the capacity fleets.
Misexpression of the Eyes Absent Family Triggers the Apoptotic Program

Genetic studies in Drosophila and mice have shown that eyes absent (eya) is an important and conserved transcriptional regulator of development. Along with eyeless/Pax6, sine oculis, and dachshund, eya genes function as master regulators in eye development and can induce ectopic eye formation. Furthermore, the loss-of-function mutants of these genes in the fly causes partial or complete loss of the compound eye, and this is associated with inappropriate apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic eyeless expression in the context of eyes absent or sine oculis mutations results in apoptosis, suggesting that the proper ratio of these factors regulates apoptosis. Here we report that enforced expression of fly eya or of one of its mammalian homologs, Eya2, triggers rapid apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent 32D.3 murine myeloid cells, which express Eya family members but not Pax6. Eya-induced cell death overrides survival factors and has many features typical of apoptosis, including plasma and mitochondrial membrane changes and caspase activation. Eya-induced apoptosis is blocked by Bcl-2 overexpression but not by the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk, suggesting that mitochondria are a major target in Eya-induced apoptosis. These results support the concept that inappropriate changes in the steady state levels of Eya proteins may trigger programmed cell deaths during development.
Lost Chance or Lost Horizon? Strategic Opportunity and Escalation Risk in the Korean War, April–July 1951

Abstract This article examines three questions surrounding American attempts at war termination in 1951. Was there a militarily feasible ‘lost chance’ for UN forces to advance to the narrow neck of the Korean peninsula? If so, why did American decisionmakers decline to pursue it? What effect might such operations have had on the course of the war and subsequent American thinking on limited war? It concludes that the US missed a critical opportunity to conclude the war on more favorable terms; that the American decision to forgo amphibious operations in June 1951 had less to do with military calculations than with the domestic political firestorm that followed MacArthur's relief; and that the ‘lost chance’ not only increased the cost and duration of the Korean War, but encouraged subsequent decision makers to overstate the risks of intra-war escalation and understate the risks of premature, de-escalation.
Developmental profiles of neurotransmitter receptors in respiratory motor nuclei

We discuss the time course of postnatal development of selected neurotransmitter receptors in motoneurons that innervate respiratory pump and accessory respiratory muscles, with emphasis on other than classic respiratory signals as important regulatory factors. Functions of those brainstem motoneurons that innervate the pharynx and larynx change more dramatically during early postnatal development than those of spinal respiratory motoneurons. Possibly in relation to this difference, the time course of postnatal expression of distinct receptors for serotonin differ between the hypoglossal (XII) and phrenic motoneurons. In rats, distinct developmental patterns include a decline or increase that extends over the first 3-4 postnatal weeks, a rapid increase during the first 2 weeks, or a transient decline on postnatal days 11-14. The latter period coincides with major changes in many transmitters in brainstem respiratory regions that may be related to a brain-wide reconfiguration of sensorymotor processing resulting from eye and ear opening and beginning of a switch from suckling to mature forms of food seeking and processing. Such rapid neurochemical changes may impart increased vulnerability on the respiratory system. We also consider rapid eye movement sleep as a state during which some brain functions may revert to conditions typical of perinatal period. In addition to normal developmental processes, changes in the expression or function of neurotransmitter receptors may occur in respiratory motoneurons in response to injury, perinatal stress, or disease conditions that increase the load on respiratory muscles or alter the normal levels and patterns of oxygen delivery.
AAPM/RSNA tutorial on equipment selection: PACS equipment overview: general guidelines for purchasing and acceptance testing of PACS equipment.

A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a comprehensive computer system that is responsible for the electronic storage and distribution of medical images in the medical enterprise. The system is highly integrated with digital acquisition and display devices and is often related closely to other medical information systems, such as the radiology information system or hospital information system. In the past few years, there has been continuous growth in clinical implementation of PACS to reduce costs and improve patient care, a trend that is expected to continue. However, a PACS is complex and costly to acquire, replace, maintain, and repair. To select a system that best meets their requirements, purchasers of PACS equipment need to be aware of the key characteristics and differing features of the various products. After the PACS has been installed, the user should perform technical and clinical acceptance testing to ensure that the system meets expectations. © RSNA, 2004
Assessment of the Computing Component of Civil Engineering Education

This paper presents the results of two surveys conducted by the American Society of Civil Engineers' Task Committee on Computing Education of the Technical Council on Computing and Information Technology to assess the current computing component of the curriculum in civil engineering. Previous surveys completed in 1989 and 1995 have addressed the question of what should be taught to civil engineering students regarding computing. The surveys reported in this paper are a follow-up study to the two earlier surveys. Key findings of the study include: (1) the relative importance of the top four skills (spreadsheets, word processors, computer aided-design, electronic communication) has remained unchanged; (2) programming competence is ranked very low by practitioners; (3) the importance and use of geographic information system and specialized engineering software have increased over the past decade; (4) the importance and use of expert systems have significantly decreased over the past decade; and (5) the importance and use of equation solvers and databases have declined over the past decade.
Aromatherapy Facts and Fictions: A Scientific Analysis of Olfactory Effects on Mood, Physiology and Behavior

A systematic review of scientific experimentation addressing olfactory effects on mood, physiology and behavior was undertaken. From this review, 18 studies meeting stringent empirical criteria were then analyzed in detail and it was found that credible evidence that odors can affect mood, physiology and behavior exists. To explain these effects, pharmacological and psychological mechanisms were explored and a psychological interpretation of the data was found to be more comprehensive. Methodological problems regarding dependent measures and stimuli, which led to inconsistencies in the data were discussed, as were the mediating variables of culture, experience, sex differences, and personality.
Conceptualizing and measuring culture in surveys: Values, strategies, and symbols

Abstract This article reviews the content and development of a topical module on aspects of culture that appeared in the 1993 General Social Survey. This process drew on many extant survey resources for studying culture, and the interview schedule it produced focused on three elements of culture: personal values, predispositions toward particular strategies for action, and symbolic indicators of group membership such as tastes and activities. Also included were several items measurung attitudes toward cultural objects and figures. Cursory analysis of response distributions for these items reveals a relatively high degree of consensus among Americans regarding the value of self-sufficiency, the efficacy of individual striving, and the virtues of honesty and responsibility in friends. The article concludes with observations about aspects of culture that survey approaches are not well-suited to measuring, and about implications of routine ways of developing surveys for studies of culture.
Telemedicine in the USA: standardization through information management and technical applications

In this article, we describe the need for telemedicine standards and classify various standards of telemedicine. The emerging issues in telecommunications standards, the application of these standards in the health care industry, and future development directions of telemedicine standards are described. Especially, the telemedicine code standardization of drugs and health care providers, multimedia-conferencing-based ISO telemedicine standards, information security management, wireless technology advances for telemedicine using sensor networks, and future standardization issues and considerations are introduced and discussed in detail.
ASTER: The Atmosphere‐Surface Turbulent Exchange Research Facility at NCAR

The new Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research (ASTER) Facility at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colo., will support observational research on the structure of the atmospheric surface layer and will provide state-of-the-art measurements of surface fluxes of trace chemical species, water vapor, sensible heat, and momentum. At a time when human influences are perturbing both the atmosphere and the biosphere, it is increasingly important to improve our understanding of the interactions between the atmosphere and its underlying surface. There is a demonstrated need for a facility that can provide measurements of: the structure of the atmospheric surface layer, in support of studies of dry deposition, resuspension, natural emissions and chemical reactions within this layer.
Operative management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose Two common treatments of temporomandibular joint ankylosis are gap arthroplasty and ankylosis resection and reconstruction of the ramus–condyle unit with a costochondral graft. The purpose of the present study was to answer the following clinical question: “Among patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis, do those patients who undergo gap arthroplasty, compared with those who undergo ankylosis resection and ramus–condyle unit reconstruction with a costochondral graft have better postoperative mandibular range of motion?” Methods A systematic search of the published data was performed to identify eligible studies. The primary predictor variable was treatment type (ie, gap arthroplasty or ankylosis resection and ramus–condyle unit reconstruction). The main outcome was the change in maximal incisal opening postoperatively. A random effects model was used to compute the pooled weighted mean difference between the pre- and postoperative maximal incisal opening in both treatment groups. Results Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Those undergoing gap arthroplasty had a significantly greater maximal incisal opening than the group undergoing ankylosis resection and ramus–condyle unit reconstruction. The weighted mean difference between the 2 groups was 2.4 mm (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 4.0; P = .002). Conclusions Subjects with temporomandibular joint ankylosis who underwent gap arthroplasty had significantly better postoperative maximal incisal opening than those undergoing ankylosis resection and ramus–condyle unit reconstruction with a costochondral graft.
The Influence of Work History Factors on Arbitral Decision Making

This simulation study examines how work history factors affect arbitrators' decisions in absenteeism discharge cases. The authors analyze the responses of 179 arbitrators to survey questions concerning 32 hypothetical absence discharge cases in which four work history factors were systematically varied. Work history factors and due process considerations both are found to have influenced arbitral awards. Due process considerations (the degree to which management followed prescribed procedures) had the strongest impact, followed by previous absence history, prior disciplinary record, job performance and seniority. The authors conclude that rehabilitative themes were prominent in these arbitrators' decision making. Other significant influences were the arbitrator's educational background, age and experience.
Cliffhanger: scaling performance cliffs in web memory caches

Web-scale applications are heavily reliant on memory cache systems such as Memcached to improve throughput and reduce user latency. Small performance improvements in these systems can result in large end-to-end gains. For example, a marginal increase in hit rate of 1% can reduce the application layer latency by over 35%. However, existing web cache resource allocation policies are workload oblivious and first-come-first-serve. By analyzing measurements from a widely used caching service, Memcachier, we demonstrate that existing cache allocation techniques leave significant room for improvement. We develop Cliffhanger, a lightweight iterative algorithm that runs on memory cache servers, which incrementally optimizes the resource allocations across and within applications based on dynamically changing workloads. It has been shown that cache allocation algorithms underperform when there are performance cliffs, in which minor changes in cache allocation cause large changes in the hit rate. We design a novel technique for dealing with performance cliffs incrementally and locally. We demonstrate that for the Memcachier applications, on average, Cliffhanger increases the overall hit rate 1.2%, reduces the total number of cache misses by 36.7% and achieves the same hit rate with 45% less memory capacity.
Molecular correlates of anemia in primary myelofibrosis: a significant and independent association with U2AF1 mutations.

Molecular correlates of anemia in primary myelofibrosis: a significant and independent association with U2AF1 mutations
The Impact of Psychological Capital on the Stability of Teaching Staff

As teachers are the basis of the development of colleges and universities,their sustainable development requires the stability of their teaching staff.An individual's psychological capital can change his attitude and behavior by changing his cognitive process,which in return influences the stability of the teaching staff.Therefore,based on an analysis of psychological capital and its mechanism,the present article investigates the impact of psychological capital on teachers' stability,the mechanism and the degree of the impact and by further studying the strategies for stabilizing teaching staff it suggests that psychological capital should be introduced into the recruitment and employment of teachers,the training of teachers' psychological capital improved,the method of offering incentive changed and the management of psychological contract reinforced,or psychological contract strengthened with psychological contract.
Comprehensive survey of AIDS on male-male homosexual behaviour

Objective:To understand the infection situation,risk factors and epidemic trend of HIV and syphilis among male homosexuals,providing scientific basis for prevention of HIV and venereal diseases among this population.Methods: Present situation survey and serological test were involved in this study.Results: Among seventy-nine male homosexuals,three cases were positive for syphilis(3.80%),two cases were found to have some symptoms of venereal disease in the last year,five cases were HIV-antibidy positive(6.33%),and one HIV-antibody positive case was positive for syphilis at the same time.Conclusion: The knowledge of prevention and control for HIV and venereal diseases was poor to male homosexuals,so it is urgent to carry out relevant publicity and education.
Mediastinal granuloma: a rare cause of dysphagia

Dysphagia is commonly attributed to disorders arising from dysfunction of the oesophageal mucosa or oesophageal motility. Mediastinal structures causing compression of the oesophagus remain a rare presenting cause of dysphagia. We report a case of a woman presenting with dysphagia to solid foods and associated symptoms of weight loss. Traditional evaluation for dysphagia was unrevealing until cross-sectional imaging suggested a mediastinal obstructive process. The finding of a mediastinal granuloma, distinct from mediastinal fibrosis, as the aetiology of dysphagia is a rare finding, with specific treatment implications. The patient was treated with itraconazole antifungal therapy with an improvement in her symptoms.
Facile C–H, C–F, C–Cl, and C–C Activation by Oxatitanacyclobutene Complexes

Aryl ketones react readily with oxatitanacyclobutenes bearing pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands to form unique titanocene complexes resulting from Cp* modification and C–H activation. An intermediate in this reaction is intercepted with various functional groups to form carbonyl insertion, C–F activation, and cyclopropane ring-opening products.
Ambition and the American Scholar

It was not so long ago that Jewish intellectuals in America carried on in public like exiled Russians, one minute exhorting the masses to revolt, the next issuing moody notes from the Dostoevskian underground. In those feverish days, revolutionism and alienation seemed like two sides of the same romantic coin. Now in the age of the Superbowl, Jewish intellectuals come on more like football coaches: upbeat, All-American, and avid for victory. There is still that quaver of fear in their exhortations; this is halftime and America is 24 points down. But in lieu of fiery denunciations of the dying order we now get pep talks. As if to rally our fallen spirits, they write books with decidedly boosterish titles: Making It, Breaking Ranks, Two Cheers for Capitalism, We Must March My Darlings, Free to Choose, and now, Ambition. They belabor us with positive thinking. One is a little astounded at how smooth the journey was from Trotskyism to Rockneism. There are even Jewish intellectuals today who will not rest easy until there is a quarterback in the White House. [Author’s note, 1988. That campaign has recently fall flat once again, but in politics as in sports, the Quarterback Club keeps its nose in there.]
A – GENERAL PROCEDURES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the β- and γ-rays emitted. In the study described in the chapter, the processes involved in working out disintegration schemes have been concerned primarily with the problems arising when magnetic spectrographs with counter recording are used. TA converter of reasonable thickness has been used in the study to measure an appreciable number of photoelectrons. The energies of γ-rays can be determined by various means: scintillation counting, measurement of Compton electrons, photoelectrons, and, in certain cases, internal conversion electrons. This chapter focuses on the difficulties encountered in determining relative intensities of electromagnetic radiation. The scintillation method is now standardized, gives reasonably good results and does not require large sources.
Design of Faraday cup ion detectors built by thin film deposition

Abstract Thin film Faraday cup detectors can provide measurements of fast ion loss from magnetically confined fusion plasmas. These multilayer detectors can resolve the energy distribution of the lost ions in addition to giving the total loss rate. Prior detectors were assembled from discrete foils and insulating sheets. Outlined here is a design methodology for creating detectors using thin film deposition that are suited to particular scientific goals. The intention is to use detectors created by this method on the Joint European Torus (JET) and the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U). The detectors will consist of alternating layers of aluminum and silicon dioxide, with layer thicknesses chosen to isolate energies of interest. Thin film deposition offers the advantage of relatively simple and more mechanically robust construction compared to other methods, as well as allowing precise control of film thickness. Furthermore, this depositional fabrication technique places the layers in intimate thermal contact, providing for three-dimensional conduction and dissipation of the ion-produced heating in the layers, rather than the essentially two-dimensional heat conduction in the discrete foil stack implementation.
Intraoperative Use of Ultrasound in Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Cervical Lymph Node Surgery

In the operating room surgeons have greatest access to their armamentarium, including ultrasonography. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has proven to be useful for localization, planning extent of surgery, and analyzing completeness of intervention in procedures including hepatectomy, ablation of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver, pancreatic resections, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy (Jrearz et al., Can J Surg, 58(5):318–322, 2015; Mitchell et al., Endocrine surgery: principles and practice, Springer, 2009; Jaroszewski et al., Ann Surg, 139(3):270–274, 2004; Pautler et al., J Urol, 168(4):1352–1355, 2002). Surgeons can use this technology in a similar fashion during thyroid, parathyroid, and cervical lymph node operations. Using ultrasound requires a baseline proficiency to optimize its full potential during an operation. The ultrasound should be performed after the patient has been administered anesthetics and the neck is gently hyperextended (Fig. 34.1). This exposes the neck contents and allows for gentle pressure with the probe, potentially providing more information than the ultrasound in the office setting. This chapter provides examples and suggestions for how ultrasound can be implemented in both an extracorporeal and intracorporeal capacity during operations for the thyroid, the parathyroid glands, and lymph nodes.
Assessing Utilization and Effectiveness in Public Participative and Volunteered Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Data

Geographic Information Systems GIS can serve as a planning tool to promote community health at many levels, such as the policy, organizational and public levels. The Brownfields to Healthfields B2H...
Blood Gas II

Hypoxia is failure in delivery of adequate amount to oxygen to the tissues. What is hypoxemia? Possible causes, symptoms, signs, and physiologic effects of hypoxia are discussed. The alveolar gas equation and its role if any in diagnosing the cause of hypoxia is also explained.
DNN Based Mask Estimation for Supervised Speech Separation

This chapter introduces deep neural network (DNN) based mask estimation for supervised speech separation. Originated in computational auditory scene analysis (CASA), we treat speech separation as a mask estimation problem. Given a time-frequency (T-F) representation of noisy speech, the ideal binary mask (IBM) or ideal ratio mask (IRM) is defined to differentiate speech-dominant T-F units from noise-dominant ones. Mask estimation is then formulated as a problem of supervised learning, which learns a mapping function from acoustic features extracted from noisy speech to an ideal mask. Three main aspects of supervised learning are learning machines, training targets, and features, which are discussed in separate sections. Subsequently, we describe several representative supervised algorithms, mainly for monaural speech separation. For supervised separation, generalization to unseen conditions is a critical issue. The generalization capability of supervised speech separation is also discussed.
Aroma-triggered pain relief.

Synthetic mammalian cells engineered to synthesize a painkiller in response to volatile spearmint reduce chronic pain in mice and do not seem to elicit adverse effects.
Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) Invasion of a Natural Forest Stand: Understory Consequence and Regeneration Pattern

Norway maple (Acer platanoidesis) is invasive in a natural stand in suburban Ithaca, NY. To determine the understory pattern and consequences of a Norway maple invasion, I compared density and species richness under Norway maples and sugar maples (Acer saccharum). Mean sapling density was significantly lower (P<0.0027) under Norway maples (3.64/100 m2±1.6 SE) than under sugar maples (19.4/100 m2±4.4 SE). Mean sapling species richness was significantly lower (P<0.0018) under Norway maples (0.7/32 m2±0.18 SE) than under sugar maples (2.6/32 m2±0.48 SE). Likewise, Norway maple regeneration is more frequent under sugar maples than sugar maple regeneration: 57% of sugar maple plots had Norway maple saplings while 0% of Norway maple plots had sugar maple saplings. Two significant plot effects were found for presence–absence: Norway maple saplings grow under Norway maples with a significantly lower frequency (P<0.03) than under sugar maples; sugar maple saplings grow under Norway maples with a significantly lower frequency (P<0.000) than under sugar maples. Across the site, Norway maple saplings were the most abundant (29 saplings for 480 m2). The success of Norway maple regeneration and the reductions in total stem density beneath Norway maples is most likely the result of its strong competitive abilities, notably its high shade tolerance and abundant seed crops.
Building the SLATE Platform

We describe progress on building the SLATE (Services Layer at the Edge) platform. The high level goal of SLATE is to facilitate creation of multi-institutional science computing systems by augmenting the canonical Science DMZ pattern with a generic, "programmable", secure and trusted underlayment platform. This platform permits hosting of advanced container-centric services needed for higher-level capabilities such as data transfer nodes, software and data caches, workflow services and science gateway components. SLATE uses best-of-breed data center virtualization and containerization components, and where available, software defined networking, to enable distributed automation of deployment and service lifecycle management tasks by domain experts. As such it will simplify creation of scalable platforms that connect research teams, institutions and resources to accelerate science while reducing operational costs and development cycle times.