cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invited Commentary: Time to Move Breast Cancer Chemoprevention to Center Stage

Breast cancer is now the most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. There is substantial evidence that 5 years of treatment with chemopreventive agents, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and exemestane, can reduce the incidence of hormone-positive cancers in high-risk women. Nevertheless, the uptake of these agents has been poor, even in women with atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) where the greatest benefit has been seen. There is a need for novel approaches to ensure that chemoprevention is offered to women at high risk. Less toxic agents are for women at modest risk and to prevent hormone receptor-negative cancer.
Is the Incidence of Appendicitis Reduced in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Background. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often present with abdominal pain, usually attributable to vasoocclusion. Experience at a single institution suggested that appendicitis was a rare cause of abdominal symptoms in this population. Objective. We sought to determine whether the incidence of appendicitis was significantly lower in patients with SCD than in the population at large. Methods. A 17-year retrospective chart review was performed at Rainbow Babies and Children9s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, to determine the approximate incidence of acute appendicitis (AA) in patients with SCD. In addition, we performed a statistical analysis comparing the incidence of AA among SCD patients enrolled in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease with that in the general population. Results. Only two patients with SCD with pathologically confirmed AA were identified among ∼200 patients followed at our institution during a 17-year period (∼3500 patient-years), yielding an incidence rate of 5.7 cases per 10 000 patient-years. Among 3765 patients with SCD enrolled in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease followed for a mean of 5.3 years (19 886 patient-years), a maximum of 9 cases of AA were identified, yielding an incidence rate of 4.5 cases per 10 000 patient-years. Based on data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey of 1978 to 1981, the incidence rate of AA in the general population (0 to 44 years of age) is ∼16 per 10 000 patient-years. Paired t test analysis demonstrated a highly significant difference (P Conclusion. AA is an unusual event in patients with SCD. The likelihood of developing appendicitis in SCD patients is less than one third of that for the population at large. Conservative therapy is warranted in the large majority of patients with SCD who present with acute abdominal pain. Surgical exploration is best limited to patients with clear evidence of potential surgical pathology or progressive findings during a period of observation. The biologic basis of our findings remains unknown.
An experimental sector servo system for a rotary head tape recorder

Track registration marks (TRMs) are recorded on the data tracks to measure head-to-track registration with high accuracy in a D2 video production recorder. An experimental sector servo uses a controller structure which generates an internal model of the track shape based on these measurements and cancels the repeatable tracking error. A sector servo system was implemented using four TRMs along each track. A total of 12 TRMs was recorded, to monitor the track position in between sampling points. The standard deviation of the residual error is 0.735 mu m. Since track curvature errors are effectively eliminated, the experiment suggests that the excess head width (and hence track width) could be reduced by a factor of three or four without detrimental effects on data recovery due to mistracking. >
Associations between Religiosity and Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviors

Study Objective To determine associations between religiosity and female adolescents' sexual and contraceptive behaviors.
The modeling of forested areas for real and synthetic aperture imaging radar simulation

Provides a discussion of several procedures for generating elevation and terrain category database information for the modeling of deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forested areas. Specifically, techniques for the geometric modeling of individual pine and oak trees, based on measured or estimated location, height, and canopy diameter are presented. Techniques for randomly populating forested areas at user specified densities with individual trees are discussed. Considerable simulated imagery has been developed for both solid canopy forest and individual tree forest models. In the case of forests modeled as collections of individual trees, imagery has been developed for forests with varying tree densities. Simulated image presentations (grey level and pseudo-color) include sidelooking SAR range and ground range imagery and forward scan B-Scope and P-Scope range and ground range imagery. All modeling and simulation was accomplished using the Synthetic Aperture Reconnaissance, Tactical, And Camouflage (SARTAC) imaging radar simulation and analysis tool developed at the University of Nevada with the support of the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (USACE/CRREL) and the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterway Experiment Station (USACE/WES).
A new method for the separation of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic susceptibility anisotropy using low field and high field methods

SUMMARY Most rocks contain both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals that contribute to their bulk magnetic susceptibility and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility techniques typically measure the net susceptibility and are not able to separate paramagnetic and ferromagnetic contributions. Since different minerals may form at various times and/or under different conditions, examination of their individual contributions provides unique information related to the rock’s formation and evolution. By subjecting a sample to high magnetic fields, the ferromagnetic minerals become saturated and the contribution of the paramagnetic minerals can be evaluated (the slope of the line at high field values, on a field vs magnetization plot). Using this approach, we developed a new technique that separates the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic components of standard 1 inch cylindrical samples using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. This separation is tested by artificially combining separate samples with known paramagnetic-only and ferromagnetic-only behaviour. By comparing the high-field results of a combined paramagnetic and ferromagnetic signal to the classic low field alternating current susceptibility of the paramagnetic-only signal, we demonstrate that the high field anisotropy is the result solely of the paramagnetic fabric even when the low field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is dominated by the ferromagnetic minerals. A ferromagnetic-only fabric is calculated for the combined paramagnetic and ferromagnetic rock, by tensor subtraction of the high field (paramagnetic-only) and low field (paramagnetic plus ferromagnetic) measurements on the same sample. Application of this technique to natural samples of combined paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviour is discussed.
Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Technology: A National Study

Nursing students' predispositions toward technology may be a factor affecting their use of technology in educational and clinical settings. A national survey was conducted to collect attitudinal measures toward technology and data on technology instruction to assist educators with developing information technology curricula. Outcomes indicate an overall positive attitude toward technology; however, participants reports of formal education in the use of technology applications are low. This shortcoming should be addressed through enhancement of nursing core curriculum.
Production is a poor metric for identifying regime-like behavior in marine stocks

Vert-pre et al. (1) identified regimes in productivity for marine fish stocks, with the goal of urging management to develop strategies that are robust to regime-like behavior. Identification of drivers of productivity [i.e., is the stock driven by spawning biomass (the abundance hypothesis in Vert-pre et al.’s analysis in ref. 1) or environment (the regimes, random, and mixed hypotheses)?] is key to selecting management strategies. Management strategies that are robust to regime-like behavior (e.g., constant F or shifting target biomasses) can be more risky for spawning biomass-driven stocks. Therefore, to be useful to management, the presented methods must identify the drivers of productivity for individual …
Noninvasive interrogation of microvasculature for signs of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure.

Endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) has been demonstrated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have cardiovascular disease (CD) or diabetes mellitus (DM). While techniques to examine ...
Assessing The Extent Of IT Integration

This paper describes a methodology for assessing the extent to which computer technologies have been integrated across the business/management curriculum so as to enhance learning process and outcomes. The assessment was motivated by the need to: Inform interested individuals such as current and potential students, prospective employers, administrative/budget personnel, and accrediting bodies about the extent to which these technologies are being taught and used; and Increase the learning efficiency of the integration effort by ensuring that computer-based learning tasks are properly sequenced across the curriculum, so that students develop the necessary computing skills and knowledge in a timely manner. Data will be collected using a web-based survey instrument that feeds responses into a database for analysis. The survey’s design is the focus of this presentation.
Biophysics of flagellar motility.

One feature characterizing the transition from prokaryote to eukaryote is the ‘sudden’ appearance of centrioles and their highly structured products, the typical eukaryotic flagella and cilia. These mechanochemical systems appear as fully developed machines, containing some 200 diffierent proteins (Luck et al. 1978) arranged in a remarkably complex organization which has undergone little modification since the advent of the first eukaryotic cells. It is now well established (see, for example, Satir, 1974) that ciliary and flagellar motility is based on a sliding filament mechanism that superficially resembles the far more extensively studied sliding filament system of striated skeletal muscle.The flagellar system, however, appears to be much more complex than the muscle system, because it does not ‘merely’ shorten and generate force, but develops propagating waves and exerts its effects via hydrodynamic interactions with a viscous medium.
Agile Writing: A Project Management Approach to Learning

Scrum methodologies that support cross-functional writing teams to develop polished increments of writing instead of lengthy drafts of documents stand to improve productivity and learning within organizations. Scrum methodologies may be deployed in higher education as well as in nonacademic settings to achieve purposeful knowledge transfer across disciplines and across academic/industry borders. Key to scrum is an emphasis on productivity within fixed time frames, with productivity facilitated by learning that emerges in cross-functional teams. Higher education is similarly a domain in which productivity in fixed time frames takes the measure of student learning. Across the disciplines, scrum methodologies show promise for improving the quality of collaborative problem-solving in writing projects in college and at work.
Simulación por computadora de nanomateriales para la conversión de energía solar

R esumen . Las simulaciones por computadora estan desempenando cada vez un papel mas amplio en el avance de nuestra comprension y el diseno de nuevos nanomateriales para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas. En este articulo se discuten algunos ejemplos de como estas simulaciones computacionales se utilizan para obtener informacion importante en la comprension de nanomateriales existentes y tambien para predecir nuevos nanomateriales para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas.
Sleep architecture and behavioral abnormalities in children and adolescents.

Objective To investigate the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and parent report of attention and behavioral problems in children, as well as the association between sleep stage duration and measures of child functioning in a clinically referred sample. Methods A chart review was conducted of 95 children with clinical history of SDB who completed an overnight polysomnography study in a pediatric sleep laboratory. Child functioning was assessed at the time of the sleep study by parent report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The apnea hypopnea index was used as a measure of SDB severity. Results The apnea hypopnea index was associated with externalizing behavior, but not attention problems on the CBCL. In children 2-3 years old, stage 4 sleep duration was associated with externalizing behavior. In children 4-16 years old, REM sleep duration was associated with externalizing behavior. Conclusions Children with increased SDB severity may be at greater risk for behavioral problems. Differences between the association of sleep stages and externalizing behavior in toddlers compared with older children suggests possible developmental differences in the association between sleep and behavior.
Focal mechanism and source depth of earthquakes from body- and surface-wave data

The determination of focal depth and other source parameters by the use of first-motion data and surface-wave spectra is investigated. It is shown that the spectral ratio of Love to Rayleigh waves (L/R) is sensitive to all source parameters. The azimuthal variation of the L/R spectral ratios can be used to check the fault-plane solution as well as for focal depth determinations. Medium response, attenuation, and source finiteness seriously affect the absolute spectra and introduce uncertainty into the focal depth determinations. These effects are nearly canceled out when L/R amplitude ratios are used. Thus, the preferred procedure for source mechanism studies of shallow earthquakes is to use jointly the body-wave data, absolute spectra of surface waves, and the Love/Rayleigh spectral ratios. With this procedure, focal depths can be determined to an accuracy of a few kilometers.
The Last God’s Beginning

We have reached the crucial point in our inquiry where it is necessary to ask “Why Heidegger?”: what has been gained by seeking in his thought a new avenue to approach theological questions? As indicated at the close of the last chapter, Heidegger plants the seeds for a postmodern theology which can restore a sense of the divine mystery, or reaffirm the religious experience of the “wholly other.” By taking Heidegger’s lead, we can determine that there is more than a superficial resemblance between the thought of being and the mystery of God. Indeed, his thought enables us to address what is distinctive of the divinities as much through the modality of their absence as through their presence.
Activity of Organically Approved Insecticides Against Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a Topical Contact Bioassay, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contact efficacy of organically approved insecticides against Bagrada hilaris adults. A laboratory bioassay was conducted at the University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center (YAC), Yuma, AZ, on April 29, 2014. Adults used in the assays were collected from non-treated plots of alyssum “Carpet of Snow” at YAC, and held in a 24 × 24 × 36 inch fine mesh rearing cage with fresh broccoli florets for 48 h before being exposed to insecticides. The assay consisted of placing two mating pairs of adults of unknown age into plastic Petri dishes (9 cm) and holding the dishes in a walk-in refrigerator (40°F) …
New Treatment of the Anderson Model for Single Magnetic Impurity

This paper describes some results of our recent heuristic treatment1 of the Anderson model2 for localized magnetic states in metals. Also, it attempts to demonstrate that these results provide a successful description of many experimental observations for dilute magnetic alloys. It is generally believed that the Anderson model is adequate to describe the total range of magnetic behavior observed in solutions of transition atom impurities in the simple metals. However, a complete solution to the Anderson model showing the transition from weakly to strongly magnetic as the model parameters vary, and the proper relationship between low- and high-temperature regimes, seems to be a prohibitively difficult problem. In contrast to the difficulty of a solution from first principles, we have developed a very simple treatment which is suggested by some general conclusions drawn from various studies of the Anderson model. This treatment is not justified by any detailed analysis of the model, yet its validity might be argued from its simplicity and the reasonableness of the results
Peripheral Hearing and Cognition: Evidence From the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) Study.

Objectives Research has increasingly suggested a consistent relationship between peripheral hearing and selected measures of cognition in older adults. However, other studies yield conflicting findings. The primary purpose of the present study was to further elucidate the relationship between peripheral hearing and three domains of cognition and one measure of global cognitive status. It was hypothesized that peripheral hearing loss would be significantly associated with poorer performance across measures of cognition, even after adjusting for documented risk factors. No study to date has examined the relationship between peripheral hearing and such an extensive array of cognitive measures. Design Eight hundred ninety-four older adult participants from the Staying Keen in Later Life study cohort were eligible, agreed to participate, and completed the baseline evaluation. Inclusion criteria were minimal to include a sample of older adults with a wide range of sensory and cognitive abilities. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the extent to which peripheral hearing predicted performance on a global measure of cognitive status, as well as multiple cognitive measures in the domains of speed of processing (Digit Symbol Substitution and Copy, Trail Making Test Part A, Letter and Pattern Comparison, and Useful Field of View), executive function (Trail Making Test Part B and Stroop Color-Word Interference Task), and memory (Digit Span, Spatial Span, and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test). Results Peripheral hearing, measured as the three-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) in the better ear, accounted for a significant, but minimal, amount of the variance in measures of speed of processing, executive function, and memory, as well as global cognitive status. Alternative measures of hearing (i.e., three-frequency PTAs in the right and left ears and a bilateral, six-frequency PTA [three frequencies per ear]) yielded similar findings across measures of cognition and did not alter the study outcomes in any meaningful way. Conclusions Consistent with literature suggesting a significant relationship between peripheral hearing and cognition, and in agreement with our hypothesis, peripheral hearing was significantly related to 10 of 11 measures of cognition that assessed processing speed, executive function, or memory, as well as global cognitive status. Although evidence, including the present results, suggests a relationship between peripheral hearing and cognition, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Examination of these mechanisms is a critical need to direct appropriate treatment.
Benefits of Early Active Mobility in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Background Pressure ulcer formation continues to be problematic in acute care settings, especially intensive care units (ICUs). Our institution developed a program for early mobility in the ICU using specially trained nursing aides. The goal was to impact hospital-acquired pressure ulcers incidence as well as factors associated with ICU deconditioning by using specially trained personnel to perform the acute early mobility interventions. Methods A 5-point mobility scale was developed and used to establish a patients' highest level of activity achievable during evaluation. A mobility team was created consisting of skin-care prevention/mobility nurses and a new category of worker called a patient mobility assistant. Each level has a corresponding plan of care (intervention) that was followed and adjusted according to the patient's progress and nursing evaluation. Data collection included the type of interventions at each encounter, mobility and skin assessments, new hospital-acquired pressure ulcer, the current mobility level, Braden score, rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, ICU length of stay, and hospital readmission. Staff was also surveyed about their attitudes toward mobilization and perception of mobility barriers; a prepilot and a postpilot survey were planned. Results During the 1-year study interval, 3233 patients were enrolled from the medical intensive care unit (MICU). The 2011 preimplementation MICU hospital-acquired pressure ulcer rate was 9.2%. After 1 year of employing the mobility team, there was a statistically significant decrease in the MICU hospital-acquired pressure ulcer rate to 6.1% ( P = .0405). Hospital readmission of MICU patients also significantly decreased from 17.1% to 11.5% ( P = .0010). The mean MICU length of stay decreased by 1 day. There were no safety issues directly or indirectly associated with these interventions. Conclusions Use of this mobility program resulted in a 3% decrease in the most recalcitrant patients in the MICU. This corresponds to a decrease of 1.2 per 1000 patient days. It is definitely both statistically and clinically significant. We believe this lays the groundwork for further work in this area. We have shown that properly trained nonlicensed professionals can safely and effectively mobilize patients in the ICU setting. This can represent a cost-effective way to introduce early mobility in the ICU setting.
Breast cancer and the reproductive endocrinologist

But during that spring semester, a sort of hush fell over my previously busy creative life—not a writer's block, but a sense that it was time to stop goofing around with a pick and shovel and get behind the controls of one big great God a'mighty steam shovel, a sense that it was time to try and dig something big out of the sand … Stephen King from the Afterword to The Gunslinger
Market Effects in Lifecycle Assessment: A Framework to Aid Product Design and Policy Analysis☆

Abstract Researchers have developed several methods to assess lifecycle environmental impacts of decisions in product design and policymaking. A major challenge is that whether impacts are reduced or exacerbated depends on market effects such as how the design change or policy influences the demand, use, and end-of-life of the relevant product and other products. However, little guidance is available to determine when market effects matter and how to model them. This paper identifies four categories of market effects and presents a framework to help researchers identify a priori whether these effects significantly influence environmental impacts and select an appropriate method.
FRBR Before and After: A Look at Our Bibliographic Models.

Karen Coyle's book, FRBR Before and After: A Look at Our Bibliographic Models, provides us with a thorough explanation of this bibliographic model designed for more descriptive cataloging among lib...
Physiology of Peritoneal Dialysis

Now a respected and established method of treatment for end stage renal disease, peritoneal dialysis represents the continued evolution of the observations, experiments and scientific endeavors of generations of researchers and clinicians throughout the centuries. In this chapter we review the physiology of transport of solutes and fluid across the peritoneal membrane during peritoneal dialysis. A brief overview of safety and efficacy of the different peritoneal dialysis solution, tests to measure the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis and the different modalities of peritoneal dialysis are also discussed. It is necessary to continue research in the field of peritoneal dialysis physiology, since many issues still permeate our theoretical way of understanding the biological phenomena involved in peritoneal dialysis.
Frataxin deficiency impairs mitochondrial biogenesis in cells, mice and humans

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by inherited deficiency of the mitochondrial protein Frataxin (FXN), which has no approved therapy and is an area in which biomarkers are needed for clinical development. Here, we investigated the consequences of FXN deficiency in patient-derived FRDA fibroblast cell models, the FRDA mouse model KIKO, and in whole blood collected from patients with FRDA. We observed decreased mitochondrial copy number in all the three FRDA models tested: cells, mice and patient blood. In addition, we observed 40% residual mitochondrial gene expression in FRDA patient blood. These deficiencies of mitochondrial biogenesis in FRDA cells and patient blood are significantly correlated with FXN expression, consistent with the idea that the decreased mitochondrial biogenesis is a consequence of FXN deficiency. The observations appear relevant to the FRDA pathophysiological mechanism, as FXN-dependent deficiency in mitochondrial biogenesis and consequent mitochondrial bioenergetic defect could contribute to the neurodegenerative process. The observations may also have translational potential, as mitochondrial biogenesis could now be followed as a clinical biomarker of FRDA as a correlate of disease severity, progression, and therapeutic effect. Also, mitochondrial copy number in blood is objective, scalar and more investigator-independent than clinical-neurological patient rating scales. Thus, FXN deficiency causes mitochondrial deficiency in FRDA cells, the KIKO mouse model, and in whole blood of patients with FRDA, and this deficiency could potentially be used in clinical trial design.
Fourier optical processing enables new capabilities in diamond magnetic imaging

Diamond-based magnetic field sensors have attracted great interest in recent years. In particular, wide-field magnetic imaging using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has been previously demonstrated in condensed matter, biological, and paleomagnetic applications. Vector magnetic imaging with NV ensembles typically requires an applied field (>10 G) to separate the contributions from four crystallographic orientations, hindering studies of magnetic samples that require measurement in low or independently specified bias fields. Here we decompose the NV ensemble magnetic resonance spectrum without such a bias field by modulating the collected light at the microscope's Fourier plane. In addition to enabling vector magnetic imaging at arbitrarily low fields, our method can be used to extend the dynamic range at a given bias field. As demonstrated here, optically-detected diamond magnetometry stands to benefit from Fourier optical approaches, which have already found widespread utility in other branches of photonics.
Immersive Indiana: Constructing an Augmented Reality in Columbus

The Columbus Indiana Augmented Reality Project is a student-driven initiative to research, interpret, and reproduce the historic urban architecture and landscape of Columbus, Indiana. Focusing initially on the 7 Landmark Buildings housed in the city, the project uses primary source information (original archival drawings photographs, letters, and audio material) to create an enhanced digital model, which patrons can use through an application and web platform to navigate the city either on-site or remotely. Employing the Ball State University approach to entrepreneurial learning, as students learn techniques for creating the environment, they then teach their peers and the public about the information, thus introducing and then reinforcing learning objectives and skillsets. The project provides real world experience in cutting-edge heritage preservation issues and methods, giving students an immersive experience, working with professionals in the field, and creating an immersive digital model to help the public engage with important modernist architecture.
THE INCEPTION AND EVOLUTION OF FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

This research documents the emergence of accounting procedures and concepts in a centrally controlled not-for-profit organization during a period of change and consolidation. The evolution of accou...
Spatial and Temporal Within-Canopy Distribution of Egglaying by Plum Curculios (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Apples in Relation to Tree Size

In a 3-yr study, we determined the spatial and temporal distribution of egglaying by adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), among fruit within the canopies of small, medium and large apple trees located in unsprayed sections of commercial orchards in Massachusetts. For large and medium trees, fruit from 6 different tree sectors, corresponding to 3 canopy levels (top, mid and bottom) and 2 branch zones (outer vs inner), were sampled on a ~weekly basis. For small trees, fruit was sampled also ~weekly from the 3 to 4 sectors into which the tree canopies were divided. For large trees, early in the season more fruit were damaged at the tree tops, with a tendency towards a relatively homogeneous distribution of damage (from top to bottom) at the end of the sampling period. As the season progressed, more fruit was damaged at outer than inner zones of branches of large trees. For medium trees, the distribution of fruit damage according to canopy level varied across years: it tended to be uniform e...
Evolving Reactions: 60 Years with March and Simon's ‘Organizations’

March and Simon (1958) aimed to “replace fancy with fact” in organizational studies. As fancies flourished and folded over the next 60 years, their book, “Organizations,” remained a durable set of foundations. I recount 60 years of contact with the book starting 6 months after it was published and continuing through a contemporary rereading in 2017. I liked the book more in 2017 than I did in 1959. The essay is focused on three examples of durable foundations - bounded rationality, reification, and mosaic forms – and concludes with three images that describe why the book remains foundational – its function as a touchstone, as shoulders on which to stand, and as a map of collective omniscience. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A crisis emerges: Lesbian health between breast cancer and HIV/AIDS

In this essay, I argue that lesbians have come to be a population of concern for state-based health organizations as a result of lesbian health activism that drew connections between breast cancer and HIV/AIDS. In order to develop this analysis, I tell the story of the rise of lesbian breast cancer activism in concert with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco in the early 1990s. The state recognition of lesbian health needs, and with it the solidification of lesbian as a biopolitical category, was catalyzed by associations with the AIDS crisis and HIV activism, but also required an articulated difference, or lesbian specificity, which breast cancer provided. And yet, documenting the multiple, and potentially contradictory, ways that these associations were made resists understanding "lesbian" as a static category.
Inhibition of nuclear Wnt signalling: challenges of an elusive target for cancer therapy.

The highly conserved Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and disease pathogenesis, most notably cancer. The ‘canonical’ or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signal initiates at the cell plasma membrane with the binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled:LRP5/LRP6 receptor complexes and is mediated by the translocation of the transcription co-activator protein, β-catenin, into the nucleus. β-Catenin then forms a complex with T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) transcription factors to regulate multiple gene programmes. These programmes play roles in cell proliferation, migration, vasculogenesis, survival and metabolism. Mutations in Wnt signalling pathway components lead to constitutively active Wnt signalling that drives aberrant expression of these programmes and development of cancer. It has been a longstanding and challenging goal to develop therapies that can interfere with the TCF/LEF–β-catenin transcriptional complex. This review will focus on the (i) structural considerations for targeting the TCF/LEF–β-catenin and co-regulatory complexes in the nucleus, (ii) current molecules that directly target TCF/LEF–β-catenin activity and (iii) ideas for targeting newly discovered components of the TCF/LEF–β-catenin complex and/or downstream gene programmes regulated by these complexes. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Clinical Outcome Reporting in Youth ACL Literature Is Widely Variable

Background:Advances in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures in pediatric and adolescent patients have resulted in an increase in recent clinical studies on this topic. However...
Beliefs and Practices Surrounding Reproductive Processes

The preceding chapter considered the range of beliefs, values and expectations that comprise major assumptions upon which therapeutic choices are based in Bariba society. In this chapter, one particular dimension of Bariba culture will be presented and discussed — that is, values, beliefs and practices regarding reproductive processes. An understanding of these processes, which include menstruation, conception, abortion, menopause, and sterility is pertinent to this study because of the role which ideal constructs regarding reproduction play both in influencing and justifying choices which arise in relation to various reproductive processes and associated events.
Death, the Need for Unambiguous Knowledge, and the Construction and Maintenance of Multi-level Meaning

From the perspective of terror management theory, the construction and maintenance of meaning serves a very important psychological function. It allows people to cope with the unsettling reality that their lives will one day end. This chapter (a) provides an overview of terror management theory’s conceptualization of micro-level (structured knowledge and expectations about the world) and macro-level (perceived pathways to death-transcendence) meaning, (b) highlights differences in the ways that people construct meaning under conditions of elevated death-thought, and (c) explores how these differences can be used to understand people’s responses when important foundations of meaning begin to crumble.
Epidemiology and quality of life

Once thought to be a rare condition, PBS/IC is being increasingly recognized as an important cause of CPP. It can exist either as a solitary disorder or in conjunction with other gynecologic or urologic disorders. The true prevalence of PBS/IC is hard to determine because most patients remain undiagnosed, although it is now thought to occur in up to 7.5% of the general female population and in 38-85% of women who present with CPP. Because the bladder has been insufficiently considered as a component of pelvic pain, many patients with PBS/IC may be misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated for years. It is critical for all clinicians, and especially gynecologists, who are often the first physicians from whom a woman with CPP will seek treatment, to consider PBS/IC in their patients who complain of pelvic pain, particularly when it occurs with urinary symptoms. The hallmark features of PBS/IC are irritative voiding and CPP. A minority of patients have classic ulcers and most have glomerulations, although it is not always necessary to establish these features to make the diagnosis. With careful questioning, most patients, in fact, can be identified by symptomatology, a medical history and a physical examination. Cystoscopy may be useful to rule out other conditions or to evaluate microscopic hematuria, which may be found in these patients. PBS/IC should be correctly diagnosed as early in the disease course as possible in order to avoid debilitating detriments to the patients' QOL in multiple domains. When symptoms of PBS/IC are recognized early on, treatment can be initiated when it is most likely to have a successful outcome. Although evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IC/PBS are not available, partly because there is a lack of consensus on the definition and etiology of IC, clinicians, both primary care providers and specialists, can be reassured that there are diagnostic and treatment options that are simple to administer and have been demonstrated to be safe and effective.
Evaluation of porous polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotubes (PDMS/CNTs) nanocomposites as piezoresistive sensor materials

Polymer foams with porous structures have many attractive features. Integrating nanomaterials into the “passive” porous polymers can result in functional nanocomposites with unique advantages. In this project the characteristics of porous nanocomposites, made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for piezoresistive pressure sensing applications were evaluated. The CNTs, at the percolation threshold of 3.5 wt%, were used to increase the conductivity of the host polymer. The open-pore samples were produced with a simple scaffolding method using common granulated sugar and hot water bath. The porosity directly affected the Young’s modulus and the density of the porous structure, with a higher porosity resulting in a softer and lighter material. Counter to the common evidence, the porous samples showed a reduction in piezoresistive sensing performance when used as pressure sensor materials. Foam morphology inspection and sensing analysis suggested that the effective deformation of the overall porous structure was mitigated by the collapsing of the open pores. The characterization of the 70%-porosity samples showed clear benefits of reduced stiffness (74.4% and 88.4% reductions in tensile and compressive Young’s moduli, respectively) and lower weight (56.9% reduction in material density), with a reduced sensitivity of 30.1% from their solid counterparts. Our investigation suggests that when a porous material is considered for sensing applications, a comprehensive evaluation of compositions-mechanical-structural-sensing behaviors is warranted. This project provides an insightful perspective on functional materials research, especially on the engineering of active polymer foams with specifically desired properties for various applications.
Electrophysiological Estimates of the Electrode-Neuron Interface Differ Between Younger and Older Listeners With Cochlear Implants

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to quantify differences in evoked potential correlates of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) density between younger and older individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) using the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). In human temporal bone studies and in animal models, SGN density is the lowest in older subjects and in those who experienced long durations of deafness during life. SGN density also varies as a function of age at implantation and hearing loss etiology. Taken together, it is likely that younger listeners who were deafened and implanted during childhood have denser populations of SGNs than older individuals who were deafened and implanted later in life. In animals, ECAP amplitudes, amplitude growth function (AGF) slopes, and their sensitivity to stimulus interphase gap (IPG) are predictive of SGN density. The authors hypothesized that younger listeners who were deafened and implanted as children would demonstrate larger ECAP amplitudes, steeper AGF slopes, and greater IPG sensitivity than older, adult-deafened and implanted listeners. Design Data were obtained from 22 implanted ears (18 individuals). Thirteen ears (9 individuals) were deafened and implanted as children (child-implanted group), and nine ears (9 individuals) were deafened and implanted as adults (adult-implanted group). The groups differed significantly on a number of demographic variables that are implicitly related to SGN density: (1) chronological age; (2) age at implantation; and (3) duration of preimplantation hearing loss. ECAP amplitudes, AGF linear slopes, and thresholds were assessed on a subset of electrodes in each ear in response to two IPGs (7 and 30 µsec). Speech recognition was assessed using a medial vowel identification task. Results Compared with the adult-implanted listeners, individuals in the child-implanted group demonstrated larger changes in ECAP amplitude when the IPG of the stimulus was increased from 7 to 30 µsec (i.e., greater IPG sensitivity). On average, child-implanted participants also had larger ECAP amplitudes and steeper AGF linear slopes than the adult-implanted participants, irrespective of IPG. IPG sensitivity for AGF linear slope and ECAP threshold did not differ between age groups. Vowel recognition performance was not correlated with any of the ECAP measures assessed in this study. Conclusions The results of this study support the theory that young CI listeners who were deafened and implanted during childhood may have denser neural populations than older listeners who were deafened and implanted as adults. Potential between-group differences in SGN integrity emphasize a need to investigate optimized CI programming parameters for younger and older listeners.
An Interpretable Predictive Model for Early Detection of Hardware Failure

This paper develops an accurate yet interpretable machine learning framework for predicting field failures from time-series diagnostic data with application to datacenter hard disk drive failure prediction. Interpretable models are accountable: model reasoning can be verified by a domain expert for critical reliability tasks. We develop an attention-augmented recurrent neural network that visualizes the temporal information used to generate predictions; visualizations correlate with physical expectations. Finally, we propose a clustering-based method for discovering failure modes.
Specific loss of neural sensitivity to interaural time difference of unmodulated noise stimuli following noise-induced hearing loss.

Sensorineural hearing loss compromises perceptual abilities that arise from hearing with two ears, yet its effects on binaural aspects of neural responses are largely unknown. We found that, follow...
Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Technologies

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a deadly syndrome characterized by hypotension with evidence of tissue hypoperfusion. Historically the number one cause of CS has been acute myocardial infarction (AMI). More recently, non-AMI-related CS has been reported to be on the rise. The most widely used short-term device placed to treat CS has been the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Utilization, in the United States, however, has been on the decline. Over the past decade, alternative devices, including the Impella devices and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), that offer more robust hemodynamic support have been used with increased frequency to treat CS.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Complications and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Thermal Ablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose To determine effect of body mass index (BMI) on safety and cancer-related outcomes of thermal ablation for renal cell carcinoma (RRC). Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 427 patients (287 men and 140 women; mean [SD] age, 72 [12] y) who were treated with thermal ablation for RCC between October 2006 and December 2017. Patients were stratified by BMI into 3 categories: normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Of 427 patients, 71 (16%) were normal weight, 157 (37%) were overweight, and 199 (47%) were obese. Complication rates, local recurrence, and residual disease were compared in the 3 cohorts. Results No differences in technical success between normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients were identified (P = .72). Primary technique efficacy rates for normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients were 91%, 94%, and 93% (P = .71). There was no significant difference in RCC specific–free survival, disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival between obese, overweight, and normal-weight groups (P = .72, P = .43, P = .99). Complication rates between the 3 cohorts were similar (normal weight 4%, overweight 2%, obese 3%; P = .71). Conclusions CT-guided renal ablation is safe, feasible, and effective regardless of BMI.
Do Boards Take Environmental, Social, and Governance Issues Seriously? Evidence from Media Coverage and CEO Dismissals

This study empirically investigates the dismissal of U.S. CEOs following negative media coverage of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. Extending related literature on the media, ESG, and CEO dismissal, I develop a theoretical framework that considers the media as an influential third party that forms and reflects public opinion about ESG issues. In this role, the media reduces information asymmetry by providing cues on their relative salience and prompting corporate directors to attribute firm-level ESG issues to the CEO, regardless of their involvement in the misconduct. Findings confirm this framework and particularly suggest that coverage of issues in prominent media sources is more likely to result in CEO dismissal. Further, companies that have made public commitments to ESG oversight and those with stronger monitoring are more likely to dismiss the CEO following negative coverage of ESG issues. Overall, this study builds an understanding of how contemporary boards approach the uncertain CEO dismissal decision amidst media coverage of ESG- related misconduct and reflects a shifting norm towards ESG integration at the board-level.
What is 'Likely to be Confusing' About Trademark Law: Reconsidering the Disparity Between Registration and Use

Federal trademark rights in the United States are widely considered to be use-based. That is, the right derives from the use. Therefore, one might expect that federal trademark registrations would necessarily reflect the marketplace realities of the use of a mark. Based on Constitutional and statutory enablement, this is correct. It is not, however, how the trademark registration system has been implemented by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. In this regard, there is a perception among judges and practitioners alike that marketplace realities are not, and should not, be taken into account in the federal trademark registration process, as compared with an enforcement action in a federal district court (i.e., trademark infringement). The U.S. Supreme Court has, nevertheless, recently clarified that the right to registration is indeed coexistent with the right to use and enforce a trademark. The Court further indicated, as a logical step, that an administrative determination regarding registration rights may therefore have preclusive effect in a later court action involving a claim of trademark infringement. Of course a dilemma arises when coexistent rights are instead determined by non-coextensive factors. This article analyzes and addresses the disparity that currently exists between trademark registration and the use on which it is presumptively based. In conclusion, the article proposes three possible mechanisms to resolve the disparity, including 1) by Congressional legislation, or perhaps most efficiently, 2) by judicial clarification, and 3) by administrative action.