cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spaces with σ-point finite bases

Abstract Theorem. Let X be a T1 space. The following are equivalent: (1) X has a σ-disjoint base. (FX2) X is quasi-developable and has a base that is the union of a sequence of rank 1 collections. (3) X has a quasi-development ( G n) with the property that for each x, {st 2 (x, G n ): x ∈st 2 (x, G n ) , n a positive integer} is a base for N (x). Theorem. Let X be a T1 space. The following are equivalent: (1) X has a σ-point finite base. (2) X has a quasi-development ( G n) with each G n well ranked. (3) X has a quasi-development ( G n) with each G n Noetherian of sub-infinite rank. (4) X has a quasi-development ( G n) with each G n Noetherian of point finite rank.
A time-implicit filling algorithm

Abstract The volume of fluid (VOF) equation is a well-known method for tracking the liquid/air interface during a filling process. Standard numerical approximations of the VOF equation fail to preserve a sharp interface. Methods that ensure a sharp interface in VOF calculations are investigated in this paper. At first, two previous VOF schemes that limit the smearing of the interface, via appropriate approximation of the convective flux, are outlined. These schemes are explicit in nature and hence subject to time step restrictions. A new scheme for approximating the convective flux is introduced. Implicit solutions based on this modified scheme are smear free and are not subject to any time step restrictions. Solutions to example filling problems are in close agreement with solutions based on traditional VOF approaches. Some potential drawbacks of the new method are investigated. In the context of filling problems it is shown that these drawbacks are not significant.
Improved standardization procedure as developed for lightning arresters

A change in procedure in which all interested parties have an equal opportunity to propose changes to ASA C62. This will result in one American Standard on Lighting Arresters instead of two or more separate standards that quite∗∗∗ often conflict in overlapping areas.
Cauchy Relations for Second- and Third-Order Elastic Constants

The results of an earlier paper on the relation between elastic constants and second- and third-order force constants in face-centered-cubic and body-centered-cubic lattices appeared to conflict with the Cauchy relations ${C}_{12}={C}_{44}$, ${C}_{112}={C}_{166}$, ${C}_{123}={C}_{456}={C}_{144}$ obtained by Cousins. We show here that no conflict exists when we ensure that the lattice is in stress-free equilibrium, a necessary condition for Cauchy relations to hold. However, for the case of nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor central-force interactions previously considered, we obtain only special cases of these Cauchy relations. We extend our earlier work to include further neighbors and find that the Cauchy relations are obtained when third neighbors contribute to the elastic constants.
Optical coherence tomography for assessment of microbicide safety in a small animal model

Sensitive imaging techniques for small animals are needed to assess drug toxicity in preclinical studies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a noninvasive tool for high-resolution, depth-resolved visualization of drug-induced changes in tissue morphology. In a mouse model, we utilize OCT to assess vaginal tissue integrity following the application of topical microbicides (drugs used to prevent infection). Mice are challenged with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) to determine the correlation of tissue damage as quantified by OCT to increased susceptibility. The microbicide benzalkonium chloride (BZK) (0.02, 0.2, or 2%) or phosphate buffered saline control is administered intravaginally. In vivo OCT imaging and collection of tissue samples are performed after treatment. A quantitative OCT scoring system is applied to assess epithelial damage, and the results are compared with those of histology. A separate group of mice are treated similarly then challenged with HSV-2. Epithelial morphology quantified noninvasively by OCT and histology are dose-dependent (p<0.0001). The OCT scoring system detected a significant increase in epithelial damage with increasing BZK concentration (p<0.0001). These results paralleled an increase in HSV-2 susceptibility (p<0.005). OCT can be used as a noninvasive tool to assess topical drug toxicity in a small animal model with potential to predict increased susceptibility to vaginal infection.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow Development and Pressure Drop in a Rectangular Micro-channel

Flow development and pressure drop were investigated both experimentally and computationally for adiabatic single-phase water flow in a single 222 μm wide, 694 μm deep, and 12 cm long rectangular micro-channel at Reynolds numbers ranging from 196 to 2215. The velocity field was measured using a micro-particle image velocimetry system. A three-dimensional computational model was constructed which provided a detailed description of liquid velocity in both the developing and fully developed regions. At high Reynolds numbers, sharp entrance effects produced pronounced vortices in the inlet region that had a profound influence on flow development downstream. The computational model showed very good predictions of the measured velocity field and pressure drop. These findings prove the conventional Navier-Stokes equation accurately predicts liquid flow in micro-channels, and is therefore a powerful tool for the design and analysis of micro-channel heat sinks intended for electronic cooling.
Context, Structural Variability and Distinctiveness of California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) Vocal Duets

Avian vocal duets occur when paired birds produce temporally and structurally coordinated vocalizations. Duets are given by members of many species from taxonomically distinct lineages and show great variety in form that often reflects function. By describing the structure of vocal duets we can learn about the diversity of communication signals present in nature and also gain insight into the evolution and operation of those signals. This study quantified the usage patterns and acoustic structure of California towhee duet vocalizations, and tested the distinctiveness of duets among different pairs. California towhee duets consist of a ‘squeal’ vocalization that is highly unlike the species-typical call note or male advertizement song. California towhees duet an average of three times per hour during the breeding season, and all duets are accompanied by an approach response that brings duetting partners into close spatial proximity. Males and females produce duet contributions with the same syllabic structure. Individual birds produce highly variable squeal vocalizations that are distinctive enough to signal identity. California towhee duet characteristics indicate that the squeal vocalization has evolved separately from other vocal traits in this species and was promoted by natural selection as a duet-specific vocalization. Duet usage patterns and structure suggest that these communication signals function in a cooperative context.
Combination nephroureterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for infiltrative ureteral carcinoma

Abstract Nephroureterectomy combined with postoperative irradiation was used in the treatment of eight patients with invasive carcinoma of the ureter. Radiotherapy was tolerated well; there were no long-term complications. Recurrent local disease was documented in only one instance. The disease-free survival of three patients at 13, 18, and 34, months suggests that combination therapy deserves greater clinical application.
A decision rule for identifying children at low risk for brain injuries after blunt head trauma.

Results: Two thousand forty-three children were enrolled, 1,271 (62%) underwent CT, 98 (7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3% to 9.3%) had traumatic brain injuries on CT scan, and 105 (5.1%; 95% CI 4.2% to 6.2%) had traumatic brain injuries requiring acute intervention. Abnormal mental status, clinical signs of skull fracture, history of vomiting, scalp hematoma (in children ≤2 years of age), or headache identified 97/98 (99%; 95% CI 94% to 100%) of those with traumatic brain injuries on CT scan and 105/105 (100%; 95% CI 97% to 100%) of those with traumatic brain injuries requiring acute intervention. Of the 304 (24%) children undergoing CT who had none of these predictors, only 1 (0.3%; 95% CI 0% to 1.8%) had traumatic brain injury on CT, and that patient was discharged from the ED without complications. Conclusion: Important factors for identifying children at low risk for traumatic brain injuries after blunt head trauma included the absence of: abnormal mental status, clinical signs of skull fracture, a history of vomiting, scalp hematoma (in children ≤2 years of age), and headache. [Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:492-506.]
An Examination of the Validity of Retrospective Measures of Suicide Attempts in Youth

Abstract Purpose This study used prospective data to investigate the validity of a retrospective measure of suicide attempts from four different perspectives. Methods Data were retrieved from 883 participants in the Raising Healthy Children project, a longitudinal study of youth recruited from a Pacific Northwest school district. The retrospective measure was collected when participants were 18–19 years of age and results were compared with measures of depressive symptoms collected prospectively. Results Results showed strong corroboration between retrospective reports of first suicide attempt and prospective measures of depression, with attempters experiencing significantly more depression than their nonattempting peers, t ( df = 853) = 10.26, p t ( df = 67) = 3.01, p Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the reports of older adolescents regarding their suicide attempts are corroborated by their prospective reports of depression in childhood and earlier adolescence. Thus, there is support that retrospective measures of suicidal behavior, namely suicide attempts, may be a valid method of assessment.
Contiguous Approach Conditioning: A Model for Negative Reinforcement

The study was designed to provide an empirical basis for Denny's account of negative reinforcement by showing that stimuli contiguously paired with shock termination can become conditioned elicitors of approach. 20 experimental Ss received 15 trials in which the onset of a 6-w light was paired with the termination of a 30-sec., 1-ma. scrambled shock, independently of Ss' behavior. 20 control Ss received an equivalent number of light and shock presentations, but these were unpaired. On a single test trial, S was exposed to a 6 w light in one arm (randomly selected) of a modified T-maze. 17 of 20 experimental Ss approached the light whereas only 11 of 20 control Ss approached the light. The difference between proportions was significant (p = .05).
Renewable Energy Technology—Is It a Manufactured Technology or an Information Technology?

Socio-technical or strategic approach to renewable energy deployment all suggests that the uptake of renewable energy technology such as solar photovoltaic is as much a social issue as a technical issue. Among social issues, one most direct and immediate component is the cost of the renewable energy technology. Because renewable electricity provides no new functionality—a clean electron does the same work as a dirty electron does—but is relatively expensive compared with fossil fuel based electricity, there is currently an under-supply of renewable electricity. Policy instruments based on economics approaches are therefore developed to encourage the production and consumption of renewable electricity, aiming to remediate the market inefficiencies that stem from the failure in internalizing the environmental or social costs of fossil fuels. In this vein, the most discussed instruments are renewable portfolio standard or quota based system and the general category of feed-in tariff. Feed-in tariff is to support output or generation of the renewable electricity by subsidizing revenues. The existing discussions have all concerned about the relative effectiveness of these two instruments in terms of cost, prices and implementation efficiency. This paper attempts a different basis of evaluation of these two instruments in terms of cost and (network) externality effects. The cost effect is driven by deploying the renewable as a manufactured technology, and the network externality effect is driven by deploying the renewable as an information technology. The deployment instruments are studied in terms of how these two effects are leveraged in the deployment process. Our formulation lends itself to evolutionary policy interpretation. Future research directions associated with this new energy policy framework is then suggested.
Approximation by Trigonometric Polynomials to Periodic Functions of Several Variables

The present paper is, in spirit, a sequel to [5], but may be read independently of that paper. The underlying motive is to provide a satisfactory, and suitably quantitative, theory of “degree of approximation” for functions of several variables. In this section we discuss some ramifications of this general problem, and outline a program of investigation, of which some first steps are carried out in the following sections. Although, or perhaps because, our results are quite fragmentary, we hope they might stimulate interest in the present circle of questions.
Inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures treated with prostaglandin E1.

AbstractA study has been initiated to determine the influence of prostaglandins on virus replication and its relationship to the interferon system. In the present study, data are presented which show that pretreatment of cells in culture with prostaglandin E1 results in (i) a reduction in the yields of Mengo, MM and polio viruses, (ii) enhanced yields of interferon, and (iii) inhibition of cell division.
Modeling and Mitigating Single-Event Transients in Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) have been shown to dominate the single-event transient (SET) response of mixed-signal circuits such as the phase-locked loop (PLL). An analytical model is presented to determine the VCO design parameters and the associated SET vulnerability. Additionally, radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) techniques to mitigate SETs in current-starved VCOs are presented. The proposed mitigation techniques reduce the phase displacement in the output of the VCO following a single-event (SE) by approximately 66%. The availability of the analytical model and RHBD techniques will improve the SE performance of VCO and PLL designs to ensure a specified tolerance to SEs.
Family‐Centered Rounds in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Promotion of family-centered care is common in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the nation. Yet, true collaboration and shared decision-making with families in the care of their baby is not the standard of care. Family-centered rounds can provide the opportunity for this level of collaboration, but care must be taken to overcome barriers to family-centered rounds.
Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4+ cardiomyocytes

Recent studies indicate that mammals, including humans, maintain some capacity to renew cardiomyocytes throughout postnatal life. Yet, there is little or no significant cardiac muscle regeneration after an injury such as acute myocardial infarction. By contrast, zebrafish efficiently regenerate lost cardiac muscle, providing a model for understanding how natural heart regeneration may be blocked or enhanced. In the absence of lineage-tracing technology applicable to adult zebrafish, the cellular origins of newly regenerated cardiac muscle have remained unclear. Using new genetic fate-mapping approaches, here we identify a population of cardiomyocytes that become activated after resection of the ventricular apex and contribute prominently to cardiac muscle regeneration. Through the use of a transgenic reporter strain, we found that cardiomyocytes throughout the subepicardial ventricular layer trigger expression of the embryonic cardiogenesis gene gata4 within a week of trauma, before expression localizes to proliferating cardiomyocytes surrounding and within the injury site. Cre-recombinase-based lineage-tracing of cells expressing gata4 before evident regeneration, or of cells expressing the contractile gene cmlc2 before injury, each labelled most cardiac muscle in the ensuing regenerate. By optical voltage mapping of surface myocardium in whole ventricles, we found that electrical conduction is re-established between existing and regenerated cardiomyocytes between 2 and 4 weeks post-injury. After injury and prolonged fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibition to arrest cardiac regeneration and enable scar formation, experimental release of the signalling block led to gata4 expression and morphological improvement of the injured ventricular wall without loss of scar tissue. Our results indicate that electrically coupled cardiac muscle regenerates after resection injury, primarily through activation and expansion of cardiomyocyte populations. These findings have implications for promoting regeneration of the injured human heart.
Comparison of Simulated Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster Flowfields to Experimental Measurements

The flowfield of a magnetoplasmadynamic thruster was simulated numerically using an advanced code specifically developed for this purpose, and the results were compared to experimental measurements, to validate the code and obtain insight into underlying physical processes. The thruster chosen was the full-scale benchmark thruster because it has been the subject of many experimental studies. The parallelized axisymmetric code featured detailed physical models and a finite volume formulation that allowed for nonorthogonal grids. Flowfield properties, such as electron density, velocity, current density, electron temperature, ionization fraction, and mass and momentum flux, as well as thrust, compared favorably with existing data. The simulation provided insight into some aspects of thruster operation, such as the weak role of the anode geometry in affecting the thrust, the predominantly electromagnetic nature of the thrust at nominal operating conditions, and the importance of the near-cathode region in energy dissipation. The simulated structure of the flow was found to embody a number of photographically recorded features of the actual discharge.
Sexual Aggression Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the U.S.: Alcohol Use, Physical Assault and Psychological Aggression as Its Correlates

This article examines the prevalence of sexual aggression and its association with alcohol and other forms of violence, such as physical abuse and psychological aggression, in a national sample of married and cohabiting couples. These couples were part of a longitudinal study conducted in 1995 and 2000. The analyses include 406 White, 232 Black, and 387 Hispanic couples interviewed in 2000. Male-to-female sexual aggression rates ranged from 11% to 23% and female-to-male aggression rates ranged from 5.5% to 13.5%. Insisting on having sex without use of physical force and having sex without a condom are the two most frequently reported types of sexual aggression across all ethnic groups. Male and female perpetrated sexual aggression rates among Black couples were over 2 times the rate of White couples. Male perpetrated severe psychological aggression is a significant predictor of male sexual aggression. Female perpetrated severe psychological aggression predicted female sexual aggression. The study findings underscore the importance of addressing alcohol use and the presence of psychological abuse in the light of preventing other forms of violence including sexual aggression among couples.
An example related to Gregory’s Theorem

In this paper, we give an example of a complete computable infinitary theory T with countable models \({\mathcal{M}}\) and \({\mathcal{N}}\) , where \({\mathcal{N}}\) is a proper computable infinitary extension of \({\mathcal{M}}\) and T has no uncountable model. In fact, \({\mathcal{M}}\) and \({\mathcal{N}}\) are (up to isomorphism) the only models of T. Moreover, for all computable ordinals α, the computable \({\Sigma_\alpha}\) part of T is hyperarithmetical. It follows from a theorem of Gregory (JSL 38:460–470, 1972; Not Am Math Soc 17:967–968, 1970) that if T is a Π11 set of computable infinitary sentences and T has a pair of models \({\mathcal{M}}\) and \({\mathcal{N}}\) , where \({\mathcal{N}}\) is a proper computable infinitary extension of \({\mathcal{M}}\) , then T would have an uncountable model.
Multi-agent based federated control of large-scale systems with application to ship roll control

Large-scale systems refer to systems that consist of many interconnected local systems. Conventional centralized control schemes are not suitable for such large-scale systems because of their complex local and global dynamic behavior as well as computational difficulties. This paper introduces the general framework of an agent-based federated control motivated by the political structure where partially self-governing states are united by a federal government. Likewise, a multi-agent based federated control system is composed of local autonomous subsystems (agent-based controllers) that cooperate to provide an overall (large-scale) system behavior. In this concept, each agent has partial observations of the state of other agents and executes the local control law correspondingly to satisfy the performance requirements at the overall system level. Preliminary results are presented on the general architecture of multi-agent federated control for local and global connective stability.
Factors Influencing Residual Surface Stresses due to a Stress-Induced Phase Bansformation

An X-ray diffraction technique was used to measure the residual surface stresses on ground surfaces of Al2O3/ZrO2 (tetragonal) composites. To accomplish this, it was necessary to use a radiation for which the penetration depth was small (large wavelength), e.g. CrKα radiation. It was found that these materials could have compressive stresses as high as 1 GPa on their surface, which is a result of the molar volume associated with the tetragonal-to-monoclinic ZrO2 phase transformation. This transformation was induced by the grinding stresses and a reasonable correlation between the amount of ZrO2 transformed and the magnitude of the residual stresses was established. Evidence was found that the transformation depth is controlled by the amount of stabilizing oxide added to the ZrO2 and by the ZrO2 grain size. In the materials studied, transformation depths were found to be typically <20 μm.
Worldwide timing of growth faltering: implications for nutritional interventions

Objective. It is widely assumed that growth faltering starts at around 3 months of age, but there has been no systematic assessment of its timing using representative national datasets from a variety of countries. Methodology. The World Health Organization Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition includes the results of 39 nationally representative datasets from re- cent surveys in developing countries. Based on these data, mean z scores of weight for age, length/height for age, and weight for length/height were compared with the National Center for Health Statistics and Cambridge growth references, for children younger than 60 months. Results. Mean weights start to falter at about 3 months of age and decline rapidly until about 12 months, with a markedly slower decline until about 18 to 19 months and a catch-up pattern after that. Growth falter- ing in weight for length/height is restricted to the first 15 months of life, followed by rapid improvement. For length/height for age, the global mean is surprisingly close to National Center for Health Statistics and Cam- bridge references at birth, but faltering starts immedi- ately afterward, lasting well into the third year. Conclusions. These findings highlight the need for prenatal and early life interventions to prevent growth failure. Pediatrics 2001;107(5). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e75; growth, body height, body weight, infant nutrition disorders, child nu- trition disorders.
Ethnicity and Class Conflict in Rural Mexico

Ethnicity and Class Conflict in Rural Mexico. Frans J. Schryer. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. 363 pp. $50.00 (cloth). ISBN 0-691-07829-7.
A method for transferring probabilistic user models between environments

Chief among the inputs to decision making algorithms in narrative or game environments is a model of player or opponent decision making. A challenge that will always face designers is to specify that model ahead of time, when actual data from the environment is likely not to be available. Absent corpora of data, designers must intuit these models as best they can, incorporating domain or expert knowledge when available. To make this process more precise, we derive a theoretically grounded technique to transfer an observed user model from one domain to another. We answer the question: "How can a model obtained from observations of one environment inform a model for another environment?" We verify the accuracy of our techniques using data from previous user studies.
Studies on the mutation abnormal oocyte and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster.

Sandler (1970) suggested that mutation, abnormal oocyte (abo:2–38), may influence the function of the ribosomal RNA cistrons. We have examined the abo mutation and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that the expression of the abo phenotype is unstable under the appropriate conditions, a behavior which paralleled changes in the phenotypic expression of bobbed mutations during the magnification of the ribosomal DNA. The change in the expression of the abo phenotype is correlated with an increase in the redundancy of the ribosomal cistrons, further suggesting a functional interaction of the abo and bobbed regions.
A Titan in Extenuating Circumstances: Sturm und Drang and the Kraftmensch

Sturm und Drang's self-critique of its rebellious impulses resembles Kant's virtually contemporaneous struggle to formulate the principle of autonomy, for both involve the reconciliation of individual freedom with rules that can make such freedom accountable. Dramas of Goethe, Klinger, and Schiller acknowledge the need for principles of accountability by presenting the violent Kraftmensch within plots designed to justify the figure's actions. The frequent repetition of words and phrases in the drama of Sturm und Drang is part of the tradition's search for repeatable rules within the scope of its own impulsiveness. Among major writers of Sturm und Drang, only J. M. R. Lenz avoids depicting the Kraftmensch. Because Lenz will not mitigate the culpability of his characters, his drama can deal more honestly with problems of freedom and individuality.
Aspects of the Incest Problem In Hamlet

T HE MORE OR LESS CURRENT STATUS of some non-theological interpretations of the incest prohibition in Hamlet attests to the ingenuity with which guilt can be assigned. Sophisticated ethical systems are always interesting, and critical emphasis has shifted accordingly from Claudius' sinfulness in marrying his murdered brother's widow to Hamlet's more obscurely sullied nature. Ernest Jones, taking a Freudian, Oedipal approach, stresses Hamlet's incestuous desire to supplant his father in his mother's affection: Hamlet's hatred of Claudius thereby becomes "the jealous detestation of one evil-doer towards his successful fellow."' Roy W. Battenhouse stipulates a definition of incest as narcissism ("a love which circles about the self")2 and then applies it to Hamlet. Dover Wilson refers to Scripture in adducing evidence of Hamlet's "sullied flesh," but even he misapplies the relevant verse. The Prince "is, wishing that his 'sullied flesh' might melt as snow does. For his blood is tainted, his very flesh corrupted, by what his mother has done, since he is bone of her bone and flesh of her flesh."3 The verse Wilson quotes actually refers, of course, to the relation of wife to husband rather than to that of son to mother: "Then the man said, This now is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She shalbe called woman, because she was taken out of man. Therefore shal man leave his father and his mother, and shal cleave to his wife, and they shalbe one flesh" (Genesis ii. 23-24; see also Matthew xix. 4-6 and Mark x. 6-8).4 Hamlet is so familiar with these verses that he can sport with them at the King's expense. He correctly applies them to the conjugal relation when he bids farewell to Claudius as his "dear mother":
230 HIV-1 TRANSGENIC EXPRESSION IN RATS IMPAIRS ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION.

The worldwide propagation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of our most challenging medical dilemmas. This highly mutable virus causes widespread immune dysfunction, predisposing its host to pulmonary oxidative stress and opportunistic infections that can lead to respiratory failure and death. However, the precise mechanisms leading to increased oxidative stress and infection are incompletely defined, and although the effects of HIV-1 on alveolar macrophage function have been studied extensively, very little attention has focused on the effects of HIV-1 expression on alveolar epithelial function. We hypothesized that expression of the HIV-1 genome causes oxidative stress within the alveolar space and impairs alveolar epithelial barrier function. To test our hypothesis, we used an HIV-1 transgenic rat model that expresses the HIV-1-related proteins but is not infected with virus. To evaluate HIV-1-induced oxidative stress, we determined the levels of glutathione (GSH) by HPLC in the lung lavage fluid of HIV-1 transgenic vs wild-type rats. To evaluate epithelial barrier function, we assessed both alveolar epithelial monolayer integrity using radiolabeled inulin and sucrose permeability in vitro and lung liquid clearance of an intratracheal saline challenge in vivo. We determined that HIV-1 expression decreased lung lavage GSH levels by more than 60% (p
A Survey of Coordination Scheme Between CIM and IEC 61850 Model

The difference between common information model(CIM) and IEC 61850 model is one of the cross-cutting and overarching issues for constructing smart grid.Key differences between the two models are analyzed,on the basis of which,solutions given by the major research institutes are surveyed and achievements are correspondingly summed up.The internal relationships among different solutions are analyzed.Furthermore,it is pointed out that forming a common semantic model for subsequent research is the core issue,and model mapping is currently adaptive to the practical application comparatively.Some suggestions for further research are also presented.
Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) effects on metabolism, body temperatures, skin condition, and egg production as a function of hen MHC haplotype

The northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, is the most damaging ectoparasite on egg-laying hens in the United States. One potential strategy for management is breeding for mite resistance. Genes of white leghorn chickens linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were previously identified as conferring more (B21 haplotype) or less (B15 haplotype) mite resistance. However, immune responses can be energetically costly to the host and affect the economic damage incurred from mite infestations. We tested energy costs (resting metabolic rate) of mite infestations on egg-laying birds of both MHC B-haplotypes. Resting metabolic rates were documented before (pre-) mite infestation, during (mid-) infestation, and after peak (late) mite infestation. Mite scores, economic parameters (egg production, feed consumption), and physiological aspects such as skin inflammation and skin temperature were recorded weekly. Across experiments and different infestation time points, resting metabolic rates generally were not affected by mite infestation or haplotype, although there were instances of lower metabolic rates in infested versus control hens. Skin temperatures were recorded both at the site of mite feeding damage (vent) and under the wing (no mites), which possibly would reflect a systemic fever response. Ambient temperatures modified skin surface temperature, which generally was not affected by mites or haplotype. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly worse (4.9 to 17.0% depending on trial) in birds infested with mites. Overall egg production and average egg weight were not affected significantly, although there was a trend toward reduced egg production (2 to 8%) by infested hens. The MHC haplotype significantly affected vent skin inflammation. Birds with the mite-resistant B21 haplotype showed earlier onset of inflammation, but a reduced overall area of inflammation compared to mite-susceptible B15 birds. No significant differences in resting energy expenditure related to mite infestation or immune responses were detected. Potential breeding for resistance to mite infestation using these two haplotypes appears to be neutral in terms of impact on hen energy costs or production efficiency, and may be an attractive option for future mite control.
Histidine Orientation Modulates the Structure and Dynamics of a de Novo Metalloenzyme Active Site.

The ultrafast dynamics of a de novo metalloenzyme active site is monitored using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The homotrimer of parallel, coiled coil α-helices contains a His3-Cu(I) metal site where CO is bound and serves as a vibrational probe of the hydrophobic interior of the self-assembled complex. The ultrafast spectral dynamics of Cu-CO reveals unprecedented ultrafast (2 ps) nonequilibrium structural rearrangements launched by vibrational excitation of CO. This initial rapid phase is followed by much slower ∼40 ps vibrational relaxation typical of metal-CO vibrations in natural proteins. To identify the hidden coupled coordinate, small molecule analogues and the full peptide were studied by QM and QM/MM calculations, respectively. The calculations show that variation of the histidines’ dihedral angles in coordinating Cu controls the coupling between the CO stretch and the Cu–C–O bending coordinates. Analysis of different optimized structures with significantly different electrostatic field...
Bowler's Thumb: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Traumatic neuropathy of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb occurs in patients who undergo chronic frictional irritation of the nerve. The condition is aptly termed bowler's thumb, as it commonly afflicts patients who bowl and keep their thumb in the ball for an extended period of time. It is a pathology that rarely appears in the literature and for which standard treatment is unclear.A 68-year-old man with a history of avid bowling presented with a chief complaint of left thumb numbness and tingling for several months. Physical examination demonstrated a small tender mass along the ulnar surface of the left thumb with a positive Tinel's sign and diminished 2-point discrimination distal to the mass. The patient's symptoms did not improve with conservative measures. Here, we describe his surgical treatment and review the current literature.Our patient underwent neurolysis of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb, with placement of a porcine extracellular matrix nerve wrap. The patient reported improvement of symptoms within 2 weeks and was able to return to his previous level of activity. In the literature, treatment has included from conservative measures such as pressure relief and splinting to surgical intervention including neurolysis, transposition, or neurectomy with nerve grafting.We present neurolysis for treating bowler's thumb as a viable option that may relieve symptoms rapidly while obviating need for adductor transection. Porcine extracellular matrix nerve wrap can be placed in an attempt to prevent recurrence of neuroma, but long-term follow-up is necessary.
Applications of Riordan matrix functions to Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

Abstract We define Riordan matrix functions associated with Riordan arrays and study their algebraic properties. We also give their applications in the construction of new classes of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and Bernoulli and Euler numbers, referred to as the duals and conjugate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and dual and conjugate Bernoulli and Euler numbers, respectively.
Appendix 6—Interventional Radiology Preprocedural Documentation

This section provides helpful, easily accessible supplemental reading materials, tables, and forms on a variety of subjects such as history, physical exam, preprocedural coagulation parameters, antithrombotic medications, procedural risk for bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, and preprocedural and immediate documentation and notes.
Comparison of different types of phacoemulsification tips. II. Morphologic alterations induced by multiple steam sterilization cycles with and without use of enzyme detergents.

Purpose To evaluate the alterations in the morphology and elemental composition of reusable phacoemulsification tips after cleaning and sterilization. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods For the main experiment, 2 types of reusable phacoemulsification needles were studied. One tip of each type underwent 1, 2, and 3 autoclave sterilizations with the use of detergents followed by thorough rinsing with sterile water between cycles. Another set of tips underwent the same procedure but without rinsing. Subsequently, phaco tips were examined through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to assess morphologic changes and surface deposits. In a second experiment, tips of 8 different types (both reusable and single use) underwent 10 sterilization autoclave cycles without detergents. Results Residues, mostly comprised of carbon-containing material, were found in extensive areas of tips that were sterilization with enzymes and without rinsing. Smaller and fewer residues were found in tips after sterilization with the use of enzymes and thorough rinsing. Tips that underwent autoclave sterilization without detergents had no bulky deposits on their surface; they mostly had thin layers of sodium and chloride or material discoloration. Conclusions Rinsing the phaco tips significantly reduced the size and number of residues after use of enzymatic detergents. However, detergent residues were detected on phaco tip surfaces even after thorough rinsing with sterile water. No major noticeable changes were observed in either single-use or reusable phaco tips after 10 cycles of sterilization without detergents. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Angioedema After Squaric Acid Treatment in a 6‐Year‐Old Girl

Alopecia areata (AA) involves the immune-related destruction of hair follicles, resulting in patches of complete hair loss, most often on the scalp. The topical sensitizer squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) is a popular treatment option given its low side-effect profile, hair regrowth potential, and lack of cross-reactivity with other chemicals. We describe a unique case of a 6-year-old girl who developed angioedema after SADBE treatment for AA.
Meaning & Purpose in Leadership: What Are You Willing to Bet Your Life On?

Finding a deeply profound meaning in all we do lends a certain spiritual sanctity to our toils that goes deeper than life’s material ploys. Pursuing meaningful work provides an abiding purpose to our life and redeems our existence through our contribution. It is the quest for meaning that keeps the battle of life going in face of the inevitable. If meaning is about discovering one’s unique gifts, purpose is about sharing those gifts for the good of others. Before one becomes a leader, the focus is on discovering and living the personal meaning. After one becomes a leader, the focus is on helping others discover and live meaning in their lives.
Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Statin Eligibility, and Outcomes in African American Individuals: The Jackson Heart Study.

Importance Modern prevention guidelines substantially increase the number of individuals who are eligible for treatment with statins. Efforts to refine statin eligibility via coronary calcification have been studied in white populations but not, to our knowledge, in large African American populations. Objective To compare the relative accuracy of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) recommendations in identifying African American individuals with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective, community-based study, 2812 African American individuals aged 40 to 75 years without prevalent ASCVD underwent assessment of ASCVD risk. Of these, 1743 participants completed computed tomography. Main Outcomes and Measures Nonzero coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, abdominal aortic calcium score, and incident ASCVD (ie, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or fatal coronary heart disease). Results Of the 2812 included participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 55.4 (9.4) years, and 1837 (65.3%) were female. The USPSTF guidelines captured 404 of 732 African American individuals (55.2%) with a CAC score greater than 0; the ACC/AHA guidelines identified 507 individuals (69.3%) (risk difference, 14.1%; 95% CI, 11.2-17.0; P P P = .02). While statin-eligible individuals by USPSTF guidelines did not have a significantly higher 10-year ASCVD event rate in the presence of CAC, African American individuals not eligible for statins by USPSTF guidelines had a higher ASCVD event rate in the presence of CAC (2.8 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 1.5-5.4) relative to without CAC (0.8 per 1000 person-years; 95%, CI 0.3-1.7) ( P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance The USPSTF guidelines focus treatment recommendations on 38% of high-risk African American individuals at the expense of not recommending treatment in nearly 25% of African American individuals eligible for statins by ACC/AHA guidelines with vascular calcification and at low to intermediate ASCVD risk.
Exemplarist Moral Theory

This paper summarizes my new moral theory, which is based on direct reference to exemplars of goodness, identified through the emotion of admiration. Since a motivating emotion is at the root of the theory, it is intended to serve both the theoretical purpose of mapping the main moral terms by reference to features of exemplars, and the practical purpose of making us want to act morally and showing us how to do so through emulation of exemplars. The theory links the a priori side of ethics with empirical work in psychology and neuroscience, and it gives narratives a key function in the theory. Since it tracks a natural process of moral development in the emulation of exemplars, it also connects with moral education.
Outcomes of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Treatment in Thrombocytopenic Leukemic Patients

Abstract BACKGROUND The current standard of care for the treatment of cancer-related VTE is low molecular heparin. Treatment of VTE in leukemia is complicated as patients suffer severe thrombocytopenia during the different phases of their malignant disease. The optimal treatment of cancer-related VTE in this population has still not been widely studied. Therefore, there is a dire need for research to provide evidence-based guidance on the optimal management of cancer related-VTE in leukemia population. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the study was to estimate the recurrence rate of VTE (proximal lower extremity, pulmonary embolism or both) at 6 months from the institution of VTE-related treatment. Secondary objectives included overall survival, recurrent VTE event-free survival, and rate of complications attributed to therapies for VTE. METHODS A retrospective chart review of adult patients with thrombocytopenic leukemia patients who suffered VTE and were treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2002 and March 2016. Demographic, clinical, and VTE treatment-related data were collected. Primary and secondary outcomes were compared among the different VTE treatment-modalities using non-parametric methods. Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated and compared between the groups of VTE-treatment modalities using Log-Rank test. All comparisons were performed with a test significance of 0.05. RESULTS: At the time of abstract submission, a total of 101 patient-data have been analyzed. The most common type of leukemia was AML (2/3 of all cases). Study outcomes were compared between three groups: anticoagulation only, inferior vena cava filter only and no VTE-treatment intervention. We found no statistically significant differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics between the three groups, except for a lower median platelet count in the patients in whom no VTE-treatment intervention was performed (p CONCLUSION: Our study is the largest cohort reported to date on management of VTE in thrombocytopenic leukemia patients. Our preliminary data indicated that anticoagulation therapy and non-pharmacologic interventions for the management of VTE seemed to be safe and equivalent for the secondary prevention of recurrent VTE in that population. Future prospective cohort studies will likely confirm these findings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Empires as Engines of Mixed Legal Systems

Nowhere else is the evolution of pluralism more accelerated than in the legal transformations brought about by assembling and managing empires. Whether Roman, Ottoman or English, Empires have been veritable engines of mixed and plural laws. This essay will suggest that mixed legal systems have been with us since antiquity and have been continually generated in conditions of increased social contact, commerce and communication between peoples. The incubation of mixed systems within empires suggests that legal mixing is unavoidable (and maintaining original purity unsustainable) when there is sufficient social and intellectual connection between peoples who fall under the same imperial sovereign. Different variables affect the speed and thoroughness of integration, for instance the social distance between cultures and civilizations, the prestige and rational appeal of the imperial law, and imperial policies which promote assimilation or seek to maintain separate laws for different peoples. Furthermore empires have distinctive purposes and devise distinctive strategies toward foreign laws. The Roman and Ottoman Empires clearly had different purposes and strategies and such differences have contributed to two forms of pluralism we find in the modern world.
You can change the world, but not this homework assignment: The contradictory rhetoric of engineering agency

This work-in-progress paper suggests that engineering recruitment messaging and engineering pedagogy send mixed messages to students. We describe the early stages of a critical discourse analysis study that shows recruitment messaging often portraying engineers as powerful agents of change, while the phrasings of pedagogical documents such as textbooks and homework assignments often position engineering students as lacking agency to question or change the constraints that define the problems they must solve. Our analysis of engineering education discourse uses the rhetorical concept of “topoi,” or commonplaces, to identify common articulations of what it means to be an engineer. Based on theoretical work on agency in sociology, semiotics, and rhetoric, we conclude that common descriptions of engineers in engineering education discourse can offer conflicting ideas of how much agency engineers possess to change the world around them.
Electrical properties of monolayers cultured from cells of human tracheal mucosa.

Dispersed isolated cells were obtained from human tracheal mucosa by digestion with collagenase. Up to 1.5 X 10(8) cells were obtained per trachea and showed up to 95% viability, as judged by trypa...