cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimal realization of an arbitrary spatial stiffness matrix with a parallel connection of simple and complex springs

Presents a method for determining a minimal realization of an arbitrary spatial stiffness matrix K through the use of a mechanism constructed of a parallel connection of springs. The springs are of two types: simple and screw. The term simple spring refers to a purely translational or purely rotational passive spring, while a screw spring couples translational and rotational components. Any spatial stiffness matrix can be realized with a parallel connection of such springs. However, as the names suggest, simple springs are much easier to implement than screw springs. Thus, to reduce the compliance mechanism's complexity, it is desirable to minimize the number of screw springs. The article presents a method for determining minimal realizations for any symmetric positive definite or semidefinite spatial stiffness matrix. These realizations are minimal in the sense that they minimize both the number of screw springs and the total number of springs.
Vertex based data dependent triangulations

Abstract Given a set of point in R 2 and data values at the points, we consider the problem of choosing a triangulation so that the resulting piecewise linear interpolating surface minimizes average absolute error, and is visually appealing. We introduce a group of triangulation methods which includes the l1 and l2 norm methods of Dyn. Levin and Rippa as special cases. The results of several numerical experiments are presented.
A shuttle vector system for the investigation of immunoglobulin gene hypermutation: Absence of enhanced mutability in intermediate B cell lines☆

Somatic hypermutation focused to the rearranged V(D)J segment of the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci contributes substantially to antibody gene diversification. However, neither the precise B cell subset subject to hypermutation nor the molecular mechanism(s) involved is known. One model proposes that Ig segments may be uniquely susceptible to DNA nicking and subsequent error-prone repair during a specific B cell developmental stage. We describe an SV40-based shuttle vector system for testing such a model. Plasmids containing two distinct Ig segments juxtaposed to the supF marker gene have been passaged through cell lines representing intermediate stages of B cell development, rescued and screened for marker gene mutations. To date we have not demonstrated enhanced supF mutation in any cell line examined, irrespective of the adjacent Ig segment. Thus, these cell lines exhibit normal DNA repair mechanisms and no evidence of increased endonuclease activity on the Ig segments tested. The feasibility of this system will allow similar experiments using other Ig target sequences exposed to a broader range of B cells.
Passive-space and time view: vector clocks for achieving higher performance, program correction, and distributed computing

We have noticed two problems with viewing a process as a sequence of events. The first problem is the complete loss of information about potential intra-process concurrency for both sequential and distributed computations, and partial loss of information about potential inter-process concurrency for distributed computations. The second problem is that the resulting reasoning framework does not lend itself to refinement (from sequential computing or a given set of distributed processes) to a preferable set of distributed processes. We argue that it is more natural to view a computation, either distributed or sequential, as a partially ordered set of events. Doing so leads to a view, called passive-space and time view, which we propose. To aid users of the relation "Affects" in developing algorithms, we define vector clocks, that are global logical clocks, so that the relation "Affects", and hence all potential concurrency, between events can be identified from their timestamps assigned. >
A review of the literature on the effects of bilingualism upon the measurement of intelligence.

(1953). A Review of the Literature on the Effects of Bilingualism upon the Measurement of Intelligence. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 21-57.
Properties of a bidisperse particle-gas suspension Part 1. Collision time small compared with viscous relaxation time

The properties of a dilute bidisperse particle-gas suspension under low Reynolds number, high Stokes number conditions are studied in the limit T, $7, using a perturbation analysis in the small parameter u, which is proportional to the ratio of timescales T,/T,. Here, 7, is the time between successive collisions of a particle, and r, is the viscous relaxation time. The leading-order distribution functions for the two species are isotropic Gaussian distributions, and are identical to the molecular velocity distributions in a two-component gas at equilibrium. Balance equations are written for the mean and mean-square velocities, using a distribution function that, is a small perturbation from the isotropic Gaussian. The collisional terms are calculated by performing an ensemble average over the relative configurations of the colliding particles, and the mean velocity and velocity variances are calculated correct to O(u2) by solving the balance equations. The difference in the mean velocities of the two species is O(u) smaller than the mean velocity of the suspension, and the fluctuating velocity is O($) smaller than the mean velocity.
Single-Copy Nuclear Genes Recover Cretaceous-Age Divergences in Bees

We analyzed the higher level phylogeny of the bee family Halictidae based on the coding regions of three single-copy nuclear genes (long-wavelength [LW] opsin, wingless, and elongation factor 1-alpha [EF-1 alpha]). Our combined data set consisted of 2,234 aligned nucleotide sites (702 base pairs [bp] for LW opsin, 405 bp for wingless, and 1,127 bp for EF-1 alpha) and 779 parsimony-informative sites. We included 58 species of halictid bees from 33 genera, representing all subfamilies and tribes, and rooted the trees using seven outgroups from other bee families: Colletidae, Andrenidae, Melittidae, and Apidae. We analyzed the separate and combined data sets by a variety of methods, including equal weights parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Analysis of the combined data set produced a strong phylogenetic signal with high bootstrap and Bremer support and high posterior probability well into the base of the tree. The phylogeny recovered the monophyly of the Halictidae and of all four subfamilies and both tribes, recovered relationships among the subfamilies and tribes congruent with morphology, and provided robust support for the relationships among the numerous genera in the tribe Halictini, sensu Michener (2000). Using our combined nucleotide data set, several recently described halictid fossils from the Oligocene and Eocene, and recently developed Bayesian methods, we estimated the antiquity of major clades within the family. Our results indicate that each of the four subfamilies arose well before the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and suggest that the early radiation of halictid bees involved substantial African-South American interchange roughly coincident with the separation of these two continents in the late Cretaceous. This combination of single-copy nuclear genes is capable of recovering Cretaceous-age divergences in bees with high levels of support. We propose that LW opsin, wingless, and EF-1 alpha(F2 copy) may be useful in resolving relationships among bee families and other Cretaceous-age insect lineages.
AN EXACT SOLUTION OF THE MILNE PROBLEM IN THE PICKET-FENCE MODEL

Abstract The results of numerical calculations for several of the quantities of interest in a non-gray radiative transfer problem are presented. The model considered is the “uniform” or “random” picket-fence model, with the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The extrapolation distance, the integrated black-body radiation intensity and the exit angular intensities for the classical Milne problem are explicitly calculated for several parametrical representations of the model.
A more effective way to label affective expressions

Labeling videos for affect content such as facial expression is tedious and time consuming. Researchers often spend significant amounts of time annotating experimental data, or simply lack the time required to label their data. For these reasons we have developed VidL, an open source video labeling system that is able to harness the distributed people-power of the internet. Through centralized management VidL can be used to manage data, custom label videos, manage workers, visualize labels, and review coders work. As an example, we recently labeled 700 short videos, approximately 60 hours of work, in 2 days using 20 labelers working from their own computers.
Moving propagation of suspicious myocardial infarction from delayed enhanced cardiac imaging to CINE MRI using hybrid image registration

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has proved its effectiveness to determine the patient-specific myocardial motion/functional information via the cine imaging and to detect myocardial infarction in the delayed enhanced MRI (DE-MRI). Standard cardiac MR protocols usually acquire these two sets of images across multiple acquisitions with varying imaging slice geometry, pixel spacing and different breath-holdings, which could make the joint inspection of myocardial motion and infarction difficult. The purpose of this work is therefore to develop dedicated post-processing algorithms to register DE-MRI to corresponding cine image and propagate suspicious infarction to all cardiac phases. Suspicious infarction regions delineated in the DE-MRI can be used to define the region-of-interest for the quantification of regional wall motion abnormality. The proposed approaches are applied to 6 patients and the evaluation shows the feasibility of a joint DE-MRI and cine assessment which can yield clinically valuable outcomes.
Testing a predictive model of the use of HIV/AIDS symptom self-care strategies

Several types of self-care strategies have been reported by patients with HIV/AIDS to manage their HIV/AIDS related symptoms. However, little research has examined the factors influencing the use of different HIV symptom self-care strategies. This paper presents the results of testing a predictive model of the use of eight types of symptom self-care strategies: medications, complementary treatments, self-comforting, daily thoughts/activities, changing diet, help-seeking, exercise, and spiritual care. Logistic regression tests were used to examine the likelihood of using the eight types of symptom self-care strategies that were summarized and categorized from the questionnaires reported by patients with HIV/AIDS (n = 359). Sociodemographic variables (age, gender, race, education, injection drug use, insurance status, income status) and disease-related variables (taking antiretroviral medications, symptom intensity, symptom bothersomeness, impact of symptom on daily life) were selected as predictive variabl...
Absorption and Excretion of 1,2,H3-Hydrocortisone in Regional Enteritis and Ulcerative Colitis, with a Note on Hydrocortisone Production Rates

Large amounts of protein are lost into the gut and the feces in patients with active regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis. l Hydrocortisone, mostly protein-bound in the circulation, is prescribed frequently in the management of these diseases. It seemed of interest, therefore, to quantitate the loss of steroid given orally and intravenously in such patients. Hydrocortisone production rates also were measured in the 4 patients with ulcerative colitis. Material and Methods Absorption and excretion of hydrocorti­ sone were studied in 13 patients. Six pa­ tients were used as controls and there were 7 patients with ulcerative colitis or regional enteritis. Two persons with regional enteritis had undergone multiple and extensive resections of small bowel and the remaining small intestine was almost completely dis­ eased (tables 1 and 2). Hydrocortisone pro­ duction rates also were measured in the 4 patients with ulcerative colitis and were compared with the results in the control patients. Three of the 4 patients with ulcera­ tive colitis and 1 of the 3 with regional enteritis were r:eceiving either adrenocortico­ tropic hormone (ACTH) or hydrocortisone therapy. All persons were 'admitted to the Clinical
Harnessing the Power of Molecular Imaging for Precision Medicine

The field of molecular imaging has witnessed tremendous expansion over the last decade ([1][1]). A wide variety of molecular imaging agents (e.g., radiolabeled, fluorescently labeled, and nanoparticle-based) have been developed and optimized for preclinical and clinical investigation. Now is the
Virulence of B. Paratyphosus B (Aertrycke) in White Mice

Although a great deal of work has been done on the virulence of different microorganisms, there are at present, a variety of opinions concerning the possibility of enhancing it either by passage in vitro or through animals. There is no doubt that some workers have conclusively demonstrated the ability to increase virulence by animal passage, but the accomplishment of this phenomenon by rapid cultivation in vitro may still be questioned. Regardless of the fact that this paper has little to do with virulence in relation to animal passage, it seems only necessary that a brief resume be given of what has been done along this line. In order to approach an orderly arrangement, the literature has been divided into two main groups : that concerned with increase and decrease in virulence by animal passage; and that concerned with increase and decrease in virulence by passage in vitro.
Vector Age and Length of Acquisition and Inoculation Access Periods as Factors in Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus by the Pea Aphid

Additional evidence is presented that the transmission of pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) by pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from and to sweetpea, Lathyrus odoratus L., is most efficiently done by young nymphs, Apparently virus dosage can be varied by alter. ing the acquisition access period, and such variations affect-(1) the number of insects that transmit; (2) the net transmission rate; and (3), to a lesser extent, the period of time that inoculativity is retained. The total number of plants used in virus retention experiments can be reduced by extending the duration of the transfer interval. If such is done, the data indicate that the value of the mean weighted retention period is not markedly changed, although somewhat biased toward a higher value as the interval is lengthened. A similar bias occurs in the estimate of the net transmission rate.
A Unified Frequency Domain Model to Study the Effect of Demyelination on Axonal Conduction.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by demyelination of nerve fibers. In order to determine the loss of signal with the percentage of demyelination, we need to develop models that can simulate this effect. Existing time-based models does not provide a method to determine the influences of demyelination based on simulation results. Our goal is to develop a system identification approach to generate a transfer function in the frequency domain. The idea is to create a unified modeling approach for neural action potential propagation along the length of an axon containing number of Nodes of Ranvier (N). A system identification approach has been used to identify a transfer function of the classical Hodgkin–Huxley equations for membrane voltage potential. Using this approach, we model cable properties and signal propagation along the length of the axon with N node myelination. MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to analyze an N node-myelinated neuronal axon. The ability to transfer function in the frequency domain will help reduce effort and will give a much more realistic feel when compared to the classical time-based approach. Once a transfer function is identified, the conduction as a cascade of each linear time invariant system-based transfer function can be modeled. Using this approach, future studies can model the loss of myelin in various parts of nervous system.
Hypophysial regulation of cadmium-induced depression of the hepatic monooxygenase system in the rat.

The effect of acute cadmium treatment on the hepatic monooxygenase activities of adult rats was assessed 72 hr following a single dose of CdCl 2 (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg); marked reduction in cytochrome P-450 contents and ethylmorphine N -demethylation activity was observed only in the males. Hypophysectomy at 50 days of age enhanced the cadmium responsiveness in the subsequent 80-day-old male and female rats, suggesting a protective effect of the pituitary against the hepatotoxic effects of cadmium in adult rats. However, hypophysectomy of male and female rats at 20 days of age abolished their hepatic cadmium responsivity in adult life. It appears that pituitary influences are required for a period between 20 and 50 days of age for the development of hepatic cadmium responsiveness. Therefore, we postulate that pituitary influences with cadmium-sensitizing and cadmiun-antagonizing properties may be functioning in both male and female rats during the pre- and postpubertal periods, respectively. Pituitary influences also altered the hepatic disposition of cadmium; however, the effects of the pituitary on hepatic cadmium responsiveness are probably not due to its effect on hepatic cadmium contents. Microsomes isolated from livers of untreated male or female rats which were either hypophysectomized or sham-operated showed similar susceptibility toward the in vitro inhibitory action of cadmium on the hepatic monooxygenase system.
Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis: A Review of 30 Years of Progress

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), also known as Sneddon–Wilkinson disease, is a rare, benign yet relapsing pustular dermatosis. Its incidence and prevalence have not been well studied. It characteristically presents as hypopyon pustules on the trunk and intertriginous areas of the body. SPD is similar to two other disease entities. Both SPD-type immunoglobulin (Ig)-A pemphigus and annular pustular psoriasis clinically and histologically present similarly to SPD. Immunologic studies separate SPD-type IgA pemphigus from SPD and pustular psoriasis. However, there is still an unclear designation as to whether SPD is its own entity distinct from pustular psoriasis, as the once thought characteristic histologic picture of psoriasis does not hold true for pustular psoriasis. SPD has been reported to occur in association with several neoplastic, immunologic, and inflammatory conditions. Dapsone remains the first-line treatment for SPD, although dapsone-resistant cases have been increasingly reported. Other therapies have been used singly or as adjunctive therapy with success, such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and ultraviolet light therapy. This article provides a review of the last 30 years of available literature, with a focus on successful treatment options and a suggestion for reappraisal of the classification of SPD.
Studies on the Gynaikothrips-Liophlaeothrips-Liothrips Complex from India

AbstractSixty-five species belonging to the Gynaikothrips-Liophlaeothrips-Liothrips complex are discussed with the aid of detailed illustrated key to the species. The systematic position of the genera of the above complex and their affinities with closely allied genera are also discussed. The new species - Liothrips seshadrii, Liothrips morindae, Liothrips epacrus, Liolhrips abstrusus and Liophlaeothrips reperticus are also described.
Feasibility of Robotic-Assisted Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery in the Gynecologic Oncology Setting.

Abstract Study Objective To assess the feasibility of incorporating robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) surgery into gynecologic oncology care. Design Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting Academic university hospital. Patients Patients undergoing R-LESS hysterectomy for gynecologic malignancies, preinvasive disease, or risk reduction performed by a single gynecologic oncologist between 2014 and 2016. Interventions We incorporated R-LESS as part of standard surgical management for highly selected patients undergoing hysterectomy for common gynecologic oncology indications. Measurements and Main Results We identified 30 patients undergoing R-LESS hysterectomy meeting study criteria over a 2-year period. Indications for surgery included uterine cancer (n = 13), preinvasive cervical or uterine disease (n = 9), cervical cancer (n = 3), and hereditary gynecologic cancer risk (n = 5). Median patient age was 52 years (range, 35–77), and body mass index was 26 kg/m 2 (range, 19–34). Median uterine size was 8 cm (range, 5.5–11). Eighteen patients had prior abdominal surgery (60%). Twenty-seven patients underwent R-LESS extrafascial hysterectomy, 11 of whom underwent only robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with a median operative time of 140 minutes (range, 115–179). Procedures performed concurrently for the remainder included pelvic sentinel lymph node mapping (n = 14) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (n = 2), with respective median operative times of 175 (range, 150–230) and 233 minutes. One patient with endometrial cancer was converted to multiport robotic surgery to complete a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy due to high-risk disease on frozen section. Three patients underwent R-LESS radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node mapping, and pelvic lymphadenectomy with a median operative time of 412 minutes (range, 336–451). No perioperative complications were encountered, and all patients were discharged within 24 hours of surgery. Conclusion In highly selected patients, R-LESS extrafascial and radical hysterectomy is associated with acceptable operative times and perioperative outcomes. With additional experience, surgeons may offer this approach to patients undergoing increasingly complex procedures, even in the gynecologic oncology setting.
Can routine office-based audiometry predict cochlear implant evaluation results?

Objectives/Hypothesis Determining cochlear implant candidacy requires a specific sentence-level testing paradigm in best-aided conditions. Our objective was to determine if findings on routine audiometry could predict the results of a formal cochlear implant candidacy evaluation. We hypothesize that findings on routine audiometry will accurately predict cochlear implant evaluation results in the majority of candidates. Study Design Retrospective, observational, diagnostic study. Methods The charts of all adult patients who were evaluated for implant candidacy at a tertiary care center from June 2008 through June 2013 were included. Routine, unaided audiologic measures (pure-tone hearing thresholds and recorded monosyllabic word recognition testing) were then correlated with best-aided sentence-level discrimination testing (using either the Hearing in Noise Test or AzBio sentences test). Results The degree of hearing loss at 250 to 4,000 Hz and monosyllabic word recognition scores significantly correlated with sentence-level word discrimination test results. Extrapolating from this association, we found that 86% of patients with monosyllabic word recognition scores at or below 32% (or 44% for patients with private insurance) would meet candidacy requirements for cochlear implantation. Conclusions Routine audiometric findings can be used to identify patients who are likely to meet cochlear implant candidacy upon formal testing. For example, patients with pure-tone thresholds (250, 500, 1,000 Hz) of ≥75 dB and/or a monosyllabic word recognition test score of ≤40% have a high likelihood of meeting candidacy criteria. Utilization of these predictive patterns during routine audiometric evaluation may assist hearing health professionals in deciding when to refer patients for a formal cochlear implant evaluation. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2016
An electronic balancing device for current comparator

Standard current transformer is verified via current comparator. Otherwise, manual zeroing for current comparator is the key to limit verifying speed of standard current transformer. The research of electronic zeroing technique for current comparator is therefore of great importance. The development of electronic balancing device for current comparator is dedicated in the work. The electronic load for auxiliary CT is proposed based on voltage-controlled voltage sources. And in order to increase the speed and accuracy of balancing current comparator, adaptive zeroing technique is presented, in which variable step methodology is employed. At the same time, the programmed amplification technology is applied into real-time monitoring the wide-range signal of zero winding in current comparator. Besides the comparison tests of manual and automatic balancing current transformer have been designed. And the proposed instrument has been proved that its performance meets the requirement of standard CT verification based on current comparator.
Anxiety sensitivity and cannabis use-related problems: The impact of race.

Background and Objectives Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance among young adults. Anxiety sensitivity (AS; ie, fear of anxiety-related symptoms) is positively related to coping motives for cannabis use (which are robustly positively linked to cannabis-related problems). However, AS is unrelated to cannabis use-related problems. Yet, extant studies have been conducted on primarily White samples. It may be that among Black students, AS-physical concerns (ie, fear of physical anxiety-related sensations) are related to cannabis problems given that Black individuals are more likely than White individuals to report experiencing greater and more intense somatic symptoms when experiencing anxiety. Black individuals may rely on cannabis to cope with fear of these somatic symptoms, continuing to use despite cannabis-related problems. Methods The current study tested whether race moderated the relation between AS-physical concerns and cannabis problems among 102 (85.3% female) current cannabis using undergraduates who were either non-Hispanic Black (n = 51) or non-Hispanic White (n = 51). Results After controlling for frequency of cannabis use, income, and gender, race significantly moderated the relation between AS-physical concerns and cannabis use-related problems such that AS-physical concerns significantly predicted cannabis-related problems among Black and not White individuals. Discussion and Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of considering race in identifying psychosocial predictors of cannabis-related problems. Scientific Significance Intervention strategies for Black cannabis users may benefit from examining and targeting AS-physical concerns. (Am J Addict 2017;26:209–214)
The Evolution of Moral Development

The goal of this chapter is to explore the developmental origins of fairness. To do so, it first describes the relationship between fairness in particular and moral psychology in general. Recent evolutionary accounts of moral psychology have placed a particular emphasis on fairness, due to its importance in governing cooperative interactions between non-kin. Applying this account to development can explain otherwise peculiar features of how fairness emerges over childhood, most notably a “knowledge-behavior gap” in which children understand many features of fairness before they are motivated to behave in compliance with those features. Specifically, merely evaluating others is low-cost and has clear benefits even in infancy (e.g., it influences who we choose to learn from), but costly prosocial behavior is typically beneficial only at later ages, when a reputation for fairness becomes increasingly important for being included rather than shunned for mutually beneficial interactions with others.
PACHYTENE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TOMATO CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT

TOMATO CHROMOSOMES have been observed to have a differentiated structure at pachytene (Lesley, 1926; Lesley and Lesley, 1935; Brown, 1949). In their work on the satellited, or nucleolar chromosome, Lesley and Lesley (1935) noted that this chromosome at pachytene was composed of chromatic and achromatic regions. More recently, Brown (1949) has described these regions in greater detail, and has pointed out that there is a difference in diameter and staining capacity which makes them distinct from each other. Since these workers could only identify well marked chromosomes, only limited observations could be made concerning the structural organization of the chromosomes of the complement as a whole. In one pachytene cell, Brown (1949) was able to count seventeen chromosome ends with telochromomeres, and in several cells ho was able to note twelve chromatic regions. The present paper concerns the morphology of the complete chromosome complement. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-The plants used in this study were Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. variety Sutton's Best of All. All material was from a highly inbred line obtained originally from Dr. J. A. Jenkins. The variety used is particularly well adapted for greenhouse conditions, a feature which permits study to proceed throughout the year. Buds were usually fixed in absolute alcoholacetic acid (3:1). It was found desirable to remove the petals and sepals before fixation, to insure adequate fixation, rinsing, and penetration of chemicals used in mordanting. Fixation was allowed to continue for 24-48 hr. at room temperature, or for 20 min. at 60?C. in the oven. Results were comparable from both of these treatments. The procedure followed after fixation was adapted to the tomato by Dr. M. S. Walters. The method consists essentially of the use of an ironalum mordant prior to staining with aceto-carmine. The material which had been fixed in 3:1 was rinsed, in vials, with distilled water, using several
Cosegregation of cfDNA AR amplifications and mutations in relation to BRAF and MYC in CRPC.

261Background: cfDNA can be utilized to evaluate androgen receptor (AR) alterations in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Given the role of androgen receptors in the pathophysiology of PC, mutations in the AR gene can have important implications regarding prognosis and treatment. The goal of this research was to evaluate associations between certain PC treatments and AR mutations. Methods: Treatment and demographic data from 121 patients diagnosed with PC was collected including genetic data derived from the Guardant360 test (Guardant Health, Redwood City, CA). AR alterations were compared among race, treatment history, and other somatic alterations. Results: 52.9% (n = 64) of the mCRPC pts evaluated had an AR alteration. Of the pts with AR alterations, 43.8% (n = 28) had AR amplification (amps), 37.5% (n = 24) had AR mutations (muts), and 18.8% (n = 12) had both. AR muts included: T878A (n = 15), H875Y (n = 8), W742C (n = 11), AR L702H (n = 7), and others. AR alterations comp...
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Maltreated Children

This chapter describes how Parent-child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence based treatment for children with demonstrated value in decreasing child behavior problems, improving parenting skills, and enhancing parent-child relationships disruptive behaviors, can be used to treat maltreated children. This chapter provides an overview of PCIT, examples of the process of ‘coaching,’ and a description of progress toward treatment success. Specific attention is given to describing evidence supporting PCIT. Finally, a case is presented that documents the progression of a maltreated child in PCIT, including pre-treatment assessment, treatment didactics, parent coaching, achievement of treatment mastery, and generalization of positive client outcomes. The value of PCIT as a mental health treatment for abusive and high-risk families is described.
Leukocyte Cyclic AMP: Pharmacological Regulation and Possible Physiological Implications

Knowledge of both cyclic AMP and the prostaglandins, relative newcomers to biochemical investigation, has burgeoned during the past decade. Cyclic AMP is present in almost every mammalian tissue and its biological role has been well defined in several systems ranging from catabolite repression in E. coli to glycogenolysis in mammalian liver. The prostaglandins are equally ubiquitous, though not so well understood. Various prostaglandins exert impressive effects on synthesis of cyclic AMP in many tissues, causing stimulation of synthesis in some and inhibition in others. About two years ago our and other laboratories began investigating possible effects of both cyclic AMP and the prostaglandins in yet another group of cells, mammalian leukocytes.
The Role of Phosphoribosyltransferases in Purine Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of phosphoribosyltransferases in purine metabolism. Its role in purine metabolism cannot be adequately described by their presumed function solely as salvage enzymes. The substrates or products of the phosphoribosyltransferase reactions are directly involved in a variety of different but interdependent mechanisms that regulate mammalian purine synthesis de novo or from preformed purine bases, the interconversions of nucleotides, and the pathways of purine degradation. The excessive purine synthesis associated with the deficiency of HPRT in man, X-linked uric aciduria, demonstrates an important role for this enzyme in the regulation of the rate of the de novo pathway of synthesis. This mutation has provided an approach to the study of many aspects of purine metabolism, as well as some of the more general problems of human biochemical genetics.
August Böckh und die „Sonnettenschlacht bei Eichstädt“

Wer August Bockhs (1785–1867) Namen nennt, hat in der Regel nicht zuerst den rustigen Kampfer in der romantischen „Sonnettenschlacht bei Eichstadt“ im Sinn. Der klassische Philologe denkt in erster Linie an den Herausgeber der immer noch unerlasslichen Pindar-Ausgabe (1811–21), an den Verfasser des masgebenden Werkes uber Die Staatshaushaltung der Athener (1817), an den Bearbeiter der beiden ersten Bande des Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum (1825–43), an den eminenten Professor, der 56 Jahre lang (1811–1867) an der Berliner Universitat Generationen von Philologen in die Methodik seiner Encyklopadie einweihte,1 an den besternten Greis, der sein Amtsportrat mit dem bekannten Solonischen Spruch versah, dass er auch noch im Alter nicht aufhore zu lernen (\( \left( {\Gamma \eta \rho \mathop \alpha \limits^\prime \sigma \kappa \omega \alpha \mathop \iota \limits^\prime \varepsilon \mathop \iota \limits^ \pi o\lambda \lambda \mathop \alpha \limits^\prime \delta \iota \delta \alpha \sigma \kappa \mathop {o\mu }\limits^\prime \varepsilon \nu o\varsigma } \right) \) ). Die dichtungskriegerischen Ereignisse des Jahres 1808 in Heidelberg aber werden in den Fachbuchern kaum erwahnt.
d-Fenfluramine and lorcaserin inhibit the binge-like feeding induced by μ-opioid receptor stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in the rat

Abstract Multiple laboratories have shown that the stimulation of μ-opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) powerfully increases intake of palatable and high-fat diets. Separate studies have demonstrated that serotonin agonists advance satiety processes, and several serotonin-targeting agents have been prescribed to promote weight loss. However, it is unknown if serotonin signaling can modulate the increased feeding elicited by activation of NAcc μ-opioid receptors. These experiments assessed the effects of systemic treatments with the serotonin agonists d -fenfluramine and lorcaserin on the binge-like feeding induced by μ-opioid receptor stimulation of the NAcc in Sprague-Dawley rats. Consistent with previous reports, stimulation of NAcc μ-opioid receptors (with 0.025 μg/0.5 μl/side DAMGO) significantly increased consumption of high-fat vegetable shortening, and systemic treatment with d -fenfluramine and lorcaserin dose-dependently decreased intake. Interestingly, d -fenfluramine and lorcaserin reversed the binge-like feeding observed following stimulation of NAcc μ-opioid receptors. Both serotonergic drugs also attenuated the increases of ambulation observed following administration of DAMGO in the NAcc. These data demonstrate that serotonergic anorectics, in addition to their known role in advancing satiety processes during normal feeding, can also inhibit the binge-like feeding that is elicited by activation of μ-opioid receptors within the ventral striatum.
Habitual aerobic exercise and circulating proteomic patterns in healthy adults: relation to indicators of healthspan

This is the first study to assess the relation between plasma proteomic patterns and aerobic exercise status in healthy adults. Weighted correlation network analysis identified 10 distinct proteomi...
KIAA0319 Genotype Predicts the Number of Past Concussions in a Division I Football Team: A Pilot Study

Abstract This candidate gene study evaluated the relationship of a past history of concussion with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes in a small cohort (N = 87) of a nationally ra...
Sendai virus based direct cardiac reprogramming: what lies ahead?

Affecting over 38 million people worldwide, heart failure remains an immense challenge in health care (1). The pathology of heart failure involves death or dysfunction of cardiomyocytes and replacement with non-contractile scar tissue since the adult human heart lacks endogenous repair mechanisms to fully restore cardiac function after injury such as a myocardial infarction (MI).
Deteriorated Geometrical Stiffness for Higher Order Finite Elements with Application to Panel Flutter

Higher order elements were first design for linear problems where, in certain situations, they present advantages over the lower order elements. A method to efficiently extend their use to geometrical nonlinear problems as panel flutter and postbuckling behavior is presented. The chaotic and limit-cycle oscillations of an isotropic plate are obtained based on direct integration of the discretized equation of motion. The plate is modeled using the von Karman theory and the geometrical nonlinearities are separated in a nonlinear term of the first kind which manifests especially in the prebuckling and buckling regimes, and a nonlinear term of the second kind which is responsible for the postbuckling behavior. A fifth order, fully compatible element has been used to model thin plates while the inplane loads where introduced through a membrane element. The aerodynamics was modeled using the first order 'piston theory’. The method introduces the concept of a deteriorated form of the second geometric matrix which is equivalent to neglecting higher order terms in the strain energy of the plate. This allows for a drastic reduction in the computational effort with no observable loss of accuracy. Well established results in the literature are used to validate the method.
Crystallization kinetics of amorphous calcium carbonate in confinement.

Phase transformations of carbonates are relevant to a wide range of biological, environmental, and industrial processes. Over the past decade, it emerged that crystallization pathways in these systems can be quite complex. Metastable intermediates such as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) were found to greatly impact composition, structure, and properties of more stable phases. However, it has been challenging to create predictive models. Rapid transformation of ACC in bulk has been one obstacle in the determination of nucleation rates. Herein, it is reported that confinement in microfluidic droplets allows separating in time the precipitation of ACC and subsequent nucleation and growth of crystalline CaCO3. An upper limit of 1.2 cm−3 s−1 was determined for the steady-state crystal nucleation rate in the presence of ACC at ambient conditions. This rate has implications for the formation of calcium carbonate in biomineralization, bio-inspired syntheses, and carbon sequestration.
Retention and Academic Success of First-Year Student-Athletes and Intramural Sports Participants:

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the relationship of intramural sports and Division III athletic participation to retention and academic success in first-year college students. A fi...
Autonomous Monitoring of Fat, Water, and Sodium Content in Cheese Products using Low-Field NMR

In order to improve food quality and safety, accurate and cost-efficient quality assurance (QA) methods are of great importance. One type of food that can benefit from new quality assurance methods are cheese products. This paper describes the use of low-cost hand-held or benchtop sensors based on low-field (≤ 0.5 T) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for quantification fat, water, and sodium content, which are three commonly-used QA metrics of cheese. The proposed methods are expected to be useful for QA of cheese as well as other dairy products in production and retail applications. Experimental measurements of water and fat percentages as well as sodium quantity on a set of cheese samples confirm that the values of NMR-based food composition metrics are in excellent agreement with those derived from the product label.
Structure and basal twinning of topological insulator B i 2 S e 3 grown by MBE onto crystalline Y 3 F e 5 O 12

Whereas thin films of topological insulators grown by molecular beam epitaxy often display regular, triangular features, $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3}$ films grown onto yttrium iron garnet (YIG) display much greater disorder. Here, we present observations of various types of disorder present in these films using atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The investigation reveals the presence of an amorphous metal oxide layer between the substrate and the film, which appears to smooth out the nanometer-scale undulations in the YIG surface. It also shows the existence of quasiordered arrays of heavy atoms in some interfacial regions, as well as rotations and tilting between adjacent grains and basal twinning at various heights in the film. Using density functional theory, we explore the impact of these prominent basal twins on the electronic structure of the film.
The association between transient lateral postural perturbations and upper limbs active movements

BACKGROUND: Although humans use their lower limbs to compensate when postural equilibrium is affected by external motion perturbations, very little is known about how upper limbs (UL) are used. Such an investigation may provide useful insight into how motion affects manual tasks. OBJECTIVE: To identify the compensatory postural strategies in which UL are involved and to investigate the association between UL movements, lateral motion perturbations, and motion induced interruptions (MII). METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals maintained a quiet stance for one hour on a motion platform. Motion stimuli included lateral perturbations in Sway-only and Sway + Pitch motion conditions. A kinematic analysis of the video recordings was conducted. RESULTS: Humans make compensatory movements with their UL when lateral motion perturbations challenge their postural equilibrium. Arm elevation is associated with the lateral linear acceleration (sway), the occurrence and the type of MIIs. We focused on the “both arms” strategy because it has an increased potential for interfering with manual tasks compared to single upper limb movements. When individuals take a step to sustain their balance, they use the both hands strategy more often. However, more than 70% of both arms strategy instances occurred in the absence of an MII. CONCLUSIONS: Manual task interruptions induced by environmental motion may occur even before or without an MII. The limits of the operational envelope of reduced manual performance should be reconsidered and adopted in lieu of the existing rigid-body model.
Prospective characterization of postoperative nasal deformities in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull-base surgery.

BACKGROUND Surgeons have become increasingly aware of the impact of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of the skull base on sinonasal-related quality of life. Prior retrospective investigation described a correlation between nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction in EES with postoperative nasal deformities, such as nasal dorsum collapse. The primary objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of, and contributing factors to, postoperative changes in nasal structure following EES. Secondary goals included assessing subjective changes in nasal appearance as well as objective nasal analysis. METHODS Clinical demographics and detailed perioperative information was prospectively collected for patients undergoing transsellar/suprasellar EES for skull-base tumors. Preoperatively, 1-month and 6-month photographs were completed for objective photographic nasal analysis and blinded assessment by surgeons. Subjective patient feedback was also solicited. RESULTS Overall, 14.7% (5/34) of patients subjectively reported postoperative nasal deformities, whereas both blinded-surgeon and objective nasal measurements identified deformities in 12.9% (4/31) of patients. Patients with postoperative deformities were more likely to have skull-base reconstruction with an NSF (p = 0.01) and trended toward an increased incidence in patients with nonpituitary neoplasms (p = 0.07). There were no other associations between clinical or operative characteristics and external deformities. No patients planned to undergo corrective repair. CONCLUSION External nasal deformities following EES are more frequent than previously acknowledged. Postoperative deformities appear to be associated with NSF reconstruction and may be associated with surgery for nonpituitary neoplasms. Patients should be counseled on this potential outcome, and future studies should investigate how to minimize postoperative sequela.
A DNA-guided Argonaute Protein Functions in DNA Replication in Thermus thermophilus [preprint]

Abstract Argonaute proteins use nucleic acid guides to protect organisms against transposons and viruses. In the eubacterium Thermus thermophilus, the DNA-guided Argonaute TtAgo defends against transformation by DNA plasmids. Here, we report that TtAgo also participates in DNA replication. TtAgo binds small DNA guides derived from the chromosomal region where replication terminates and associates with proteins known to act in DNA replication. T. thermophilus deploys a single type II topoisomerase, gyrase. When gyrase is inhibited, T. thermophilus relies on TtAgo to complete replication of its circular genome; loss of both gyrase and TtAgo activity produces long filaments that fail to separate into individual bacteria. We propose that the primary role of TtAgo is to help T. thermophilus disentangle the catenated circular chromosomes made by DNA replication. One Sentence Summary The DNA-guided Argonaute protein of Thermus thermophilus helps separate daughter chromosomes at the end of DNA replication.