cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combining experiment and optical simulation in coherent X-ray nanobeam characterization of Si/SiGe semiconductor heterostructures

The highly coherent and tightly focused x-ray beams produced by hard x-ray light sources enable the nanoscale characterization of the structure of electronic materials but are accompanied by significant challenges in the interpretation of diffraction and scattering patterns. X-ray nanobeams exhibit optical coherence combined with a large angular divergence introduced by the x-ray focusing optics. The scattering of nanofocused x-ray beams from intricate semiconductor heterostructures produces a complex distribution of scattered intensity. We report here an extension of coherent x-ray optical simulations of convergent x-ray beam diffraction patterns to arbitrary x-ray incident angles to allow the nanobeam diffraction patterns of complex heterostructures to be simulated faithfully. These methods are used to extract the misorientation of lattice planes and the strain of individual layers from synchrotron x-ray nanobeam diffraction patterns of Si/SiGe heterostructures relevant to applications in quantum electronic devices. The systematic interpretation of nanobeam diffraction patterns from semiconductor heterostructures presents a new opportunity in characterizing and ultimately designing electronic materials.
Aktueller Stand des globalen Projektmanagements

Die Standardisierung des internationalen Projektmanagements hat die Projektarbeit landerubergreifend erleichtert. Es reicht jedoch alleine nicht aus, um den Erfolg sicherzustellen. Die Risikofaktoren wie z.B. landerspezifischen Abwicklungsmethoden, Sprachen, Denken, etc. erweisen sich weiterhin als die Stolpersteine, die Projektmanager herausfordern. Berucksichtigung der Unterschiede in der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der Lander und dem relevanten Lebensumfeld hilft dabei, die Erwartungshaltung der auslandischen Partner besser zu erkennen.
Critical Explanations—Biological, Psychological, and Social—of Drinking Patterns and Problems from the Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Literature

Generalization of scientific findings is contingent on replication of results. This is particularly critical for research concerning the correlates and prediction of human behavior where cultural and temporal factors may alter findings. Alcohol-related longitudinal research is rich and bountiful; it permits exploration of the degree to which replication of findings has taken place, particularly replication across differing cultural and temporal frames, and the development of research strategies that might provide tests of replication.
Variables affecting Stroke Outcome for TPA received between 3 to 4.5 hours (P2.301)

Objective and Background: Age, stroke severity, diabetes, hypertension and renal failure requiring dialysis are associated with poor stroke outcome after t-PA, whereas obesity is not. Little information is available on patients who received t-PA between 3-4.5 hours. We evaluated the variables affecting stroke outcome in this important subset. Methods: A single tertiary centre retrospective analysis of 44 patients admitted from March 2013 to January 2015, receiving t-PA between 3-4.5 hours. MRS at 90 days assessed by telephone. Patients divided into MRS 0-2 and MRS 3-6, then compared by age, sex, NIHSS, eGFR, BMI, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and previous stroke. Means/SE calculated with 2 tailed unpaired t test; OR calculated with 1 tailed Chi squared test. Results: Patients with MRS 3-6 were older (76 vs 58, P<0.001), had higher NIHSS (13 vs 6, P<0.001), and were more likely to have renal dysfunction (OR 3.49, P=0.0268), diabetes (OR 2.9, P= 0.045) and hypertension (OR 2.9, P= 0.045).When stratified by age or NIHSS, outcomes did not differ between patients with or without diabetes or hypertension. Patients with eGFR<60 had worse MRS (3.3 vs 2.2, P= 0.0351) and were significantly older (75 vs 63, P=0.0161). When corrected for age, patients with eGFR<60 still had significantly higher MRS (4.0 vs 2.5, P=0.0173).Obesity or previous strokes were not significantly associated with poor outcome. Conclusions: Age, NIHSS and renal dysfunction were significantly associated with worse outcome in patients who had received t-PA between 3 to 4.5 hours. Our findings were consistent but more robust than previous studies showing poorer outcome with renal dysfunction (Meta-analysis OR1.06 NS). After controlling for age and NIHSS, diabetes or hypertension did not additionally contribute to poor outcome. Prognostic and risk stratification scales are useful as predictors of outcome but do not imply efficacy of t-PA therapy or lack thereof. Disclosure: Dr. Yeo has nothing to disclose. Dr. McCane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Katz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ling has nothing to disclose. Dr. Capetillo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bledsoe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chiu has nothing to disclose.
Business Ethics and Free Speech on the Internet

The unique role of the Internet in today’s society, and the extensive reach and potentially profound impact of much Internet content, raise philosophically interesting and practically urgent questions about the responsibilities of various agents, including individual Internet users, governments, and corporations. Raphael Cohen-Almagor’s Confronting the Internet’s Dark Side is an extremely valuable contribution to the emerging discussion of these important issues. In this paper, I will focus on the obligations of Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) and Web Hosting Services (WHS’s) with respect to online hate speech. I will argue that although Cohen-Almagor is correct that we should not understand these companies’ obligation to protect and promote freedom of expression as always taking priority over potentially competing values, his argument that they ought to deny service to those who would engage in hate speech online is less than fully convincing. In part this is because his definition of hate speech is, in important respects, overly broad. In addition, I will argue that the analogies to which he appeals in defense of his position are flawed, and that a more accurate analogy appears to provide at least some support to the view that ISP’s and WHS’s ought not deny service to those who would engage in at least some forms of hate speech.
Temperature dependence of multiple sclerosis mortality rates in the United States

Background:It is well known that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are very sensitive to heat events. However, how MS patients respond to the significant temperature difference between the high- and...
Magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer screening and detection has historically been performed through the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and systematic transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy among all men with perceived elevation of PSA level.
Real-Time and Predictive SQC/SPC Systems for Quality and Productivity

Abstract This paper presents the methods of design and implementation of a statistical quality control system to provide quality product with minimum defects. The quality of the final product is tested by attributes (fail or pass). The criteria. for product quality is transformed into specification limits for Statistical Quality Control (SQC). At the same time, each stage of the process is monitored using Statistical Process Control principles (SPC). A distributed Control System is used to implement the control design. The procedures of design and implementation are demonstrated in a polyethylene reactor
The power of preferences: economic elites and light taxation in Mexico

[El poder de las preferencias. Las elites economicas y tributacion baja en Mexico] ABSTRACT In recent years Mexico has had the lightest tax burden in Latin America. Using qualitative, historical analysis, this paper argues that a crucial cause of this phenomenon is the resistance of an exceptionally politically mobilized economic elite, which has resulted in the defeat or dilution of repeated attempts at reform. The intensity of elite resistance reflects, in turn, a strongly anti-state ideology constructed through conflict with the state, especially during the 1930s. This emphasis on the historical construction of preferences clarifies a central paradox of the literature on Latin American taxation: the fact that a number of authors agree that elite cohesion and political connections are important, but disagree on whether they hinder or facilitate revenue-raising reform. RESUMEN En anos recientes, Mexico ha tenido la carga tributaria mas baja de America Latina. Basado en un analisis historico, este trabajo argumenta que una causa clave de este fenomeno ha sido la resistencia de una elite economica excepcionalmente movilizada, lo cual ha resultado en el fracaso o dilucion de repetidos intentos de reforma. Ello, a su vez, es producto de una ideologia anti-Estado construida a traves de conflictos con el Estado, especialmente durante la decada de 1930. Este enfasis en la construccion historica de las preferencias clarifica una paradoja de la literatura sobre la tributacion latinoamericana: el hecho de que varios autores concuerdan en que la cohesion interna y conexiones politicas de la elite son importantes, pero discrepan sobre su impacto.
Computational Modeling Approaches Linking Health and Social Sciences: Sensitivity of Social Determinants on the Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors and Diseases

Abstract Developing health promotion programs that support healthy lifestyle behaviors require comprehensive understanding of mechanisms that drive such complex social systems. Policy makers can use models and theories to guide this process at the individuals, groups, and communities levels. Individuals can have multiple risky health behaviors including physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, smoking, and alcohol drinking that are often shaped by social and ecological factors. Collective understanding of these factors can provide ability to design and evaluate intervention programs that can change unhealthy or risky behaviors over long period of time. However, it is overwhelming task to optimize intervention based on only empirical and/or cross-sectional studies. Effective long lasting intervention needs a thorough understanding of the role of social and environmental mechanisms at multiple scales on the dynamics of health behaviors. Recent mathematical and computational methods developed in other fields, such as epidemiology and finance, can provide systematic and in-depth understanding of mechanisms. However, the use of such methods in social and behaviors sciences have been limited. In this chapter, some real life working examples of social health behaviors problems are provided which uses some cutting edge methods from dynamical systems and data mining to uncertainty quantification.
Health Communication: Not Just Autonomy, Also Justice.

The pervasive phenomenon of drowning patients in a jargon-filled deluge and other communication failures that foreclose opportunities for empowerment are presented excellently by Ubel and colleague...
Attention in individuals with aphasia: Performance on the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test – 2nd edition

Studies suggest that individuals with aphasia present with impairments in attention. However, most research has been conducted with small sample sizes using experimental protocols that lack establi...
Introduction to Laser Light Scattering Spectroscopy in Electrophoresis

The measurement of electrophoretic mobilities by light scattering spectroscopy relies on the detection of small frequency shifts of light scattered from the objects that are migrating in an electric field.1–4 Even though the velocities involved may be quite small, perhaps l0μm/sec to 100μm/sec, and the frequencies shifts may be only a few tens of cycles per second, the use of rather straightforward optical heterodyne techniques readily allows detection of such small shifts. The difficult problems associated with laser Doppler electrophoresis are: the application of an electric field without causing spectral degradation due to heating, electrode bubbling, or electrode reactions; and the design of a suitable chamber that prevents such degradation and is itself free from systematic velocity offsets due to the phenomena of electroosmosis.3,5
CSO++ broadening computer science at the entry level: linguistics, computer science, and the semantic web

Given declining enrollments in computing, increasing workforce needs for graduates, and changes in the computing education needed in the future, the National Science Foundation launched the Integrated Computing Education and Research (ICER) effort in 2005--6, which resulted in suggestions on how to increase enrollments and improve undergraduate computer science education. These included: multiple entry points to the major, better presentation of computing careers, interdisciplinary courses and projects, and innovative approaches to minors. This paper describes a quarter-long full-time interdisciplinary program for entry-level linguistics and computer science students and entry-level or advanced language students designed to broaden the current curriculum in response to NSF ICER suggestions. The program met several strategic NSFICER directions. Aimed primarily at freshmen and sophomores, the program integrated entry level studies of computer science and linguistics and offered students synthesis opportunities: 1) weekly case studies lab and term project and 2) a lecture and seminar series. This paper describes that program, and suggests how the curricular design and materials could be exported to other institutions as linked courses or an interdisciplinary case study.
Cross-anisotropic fabric of sands by wavelet-based simulation of human cognition

Abstract The Rotational Haar Wavelet Transform (RHWT) method, that mimics human cognition to automate soil fabric characterization, is presented. An image of a soil is divided into numerous subareas, for which pattern directions are obtained, and then used to develop a fabric rose diagram and parameters for a cross-anisotropic fabric tensor. Based on the images of eleven sand and three rice specimens at loose and dense conditions, a strong functional relationship is shown for the fabric vector magnitude based on particle sphericity and relative density. Furthermore, a very simple and practical relationship is presented for the fabric vector magnitude based only on the relative density and the void ratio at 50% relative density.
Arranging the Data in Graphs

To maximize the benefits of data, they need to be arranged in a way that the “consumer” —e.g., the clinician, family members, teacher, clinical supervisor, case manager for a managed care agency—can make best use of them. Usually, the best arrangement of quantitative information is to graph it.
Native and Nonnative Crocodilians of Florida

Florida has two native species of crocodilians, the American alligator and the American crocodile. These federally protected species are easily confused with nonnative crocodilians found in south Florida, such as the spectacled caiman and the Nile crocodile. Some key features used to distinguish these animals are the shape of the head, the shape of the snout, and the pattern of nuchal scutes (bony plates in between head and shoulders). It is important to report all nonnative crocodilians so that researchers may quickly remove them in order to protect Florida’s native ecosystems. This 2-page fact sheet was written by Michiko A. Squires, Seth C. Farris, Brian M. Jeffery, and Frank J. Mazzotti, and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw380
Page kidney phenomenon in kidney allograft following abdominal trauma.

Abstract The page kidney phenomenon is often associated in patients with abdominal trauma. External compression from a renal hematoma can cause hypertension, and presentation can be delayed following the initial injury. For patients who have a kidney allograft, page kidneys may lead to renal insufficiency and acute renal failure due to the absence of a contralateral kidney to compensate. This case report discusses the identification and management of a page kidney in a kidney allograft recipient within three months following transplantation.
The PCAOB Revolving Door and Audit Quality

The so-called “revolving door” for employees moving from the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to the accounting firms it regulates has received heightened scrutiny recently. Hendricks, Landsman, and Pena-Romera (HLP) (2019) document that large audit firms exhibit improved inspections performance after hiring PCAOB personnel, consistent with an “inspections expertise” hypothesis that these hires help in managing inspection risk. We extend HLP (2019) by examining whether these individuals also bring “technical expertise” that enhances hiring firms’ audit quality. Using a sample of large auditors’ engagements from 2010 to 2016, we document positive associations between audit firms’ employment of former PCAOB employees and multiple audit quality proxies. These associations are stronger for higher misstatement risk clients. The precision of internal control audit opinions also improves in the presence of these individuals. These results suggest that former PCAOB employees are beneficial to firms’ audit quality particularly in areas emphasized by the regulator.
Sangha as art public? Questions on Buddhist monks engaging with art in Theravada Southeast Asia

This essay explores whether Theravada Buddhist monks – collectively called the sangha – might constitute an ‘art public’ in Southeast Asia. Publics for art have been under-studied in this region, a...
Anesthetic Management for Whole Lung Lavage in Patients with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Whole lung lavage is an uncommon procedure that requires meticulous planning and knowledge of pulmonary pathophysiology within a multidisciplinary care team. Whole lung lavage may cause hemodynamic instability and hypoxemia, requiring careful anesthetic management. Lung isolation is necessary to decrease cross-contamination of lungs with lavage washings. Patients should be observed carefully for complications including hydrothorax, pneumothorax, and circulatory overload.
Grazing behavior and production for lactating cows differing in residual feed intake while grazing spring and summer rangeland

The objectives were to determine if previously classified, efficient (LRFI, low-residual-feed intake, n = 12 × 2 yr) vs. inefficient (HRFI, high-residual-feed intake, n = 12 × 2 yr) lactating 2-yr-old Hereford × Angus cows differed in grazing behavior, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf weaning weight while grazing rugged rangeland pastures. Cows were fitted with grazing halters containing both an accelerometer and a global positioning system (GPS) data logger during June 14 to July 4, 2016, August 2 to 25, 2016, May 23 to June 12, 2017, and August 5 to 28, 2017. GPS data were recorded at 7-min intervals in 2016 and 4-min intervals in 2017 and accelerometer data recorded at 25 times/s. Grazing time (GT), resting, walking, bite rate (BR), daily travel distance (DTD), elevation, and slope were analyzed with a mixed model that included fixed effects of RFI group, day, and RFI group × day and cow within treatment as the random effect. Cow BW, BCS, and calf weaning weight were analyzed by analysis of variance with treatment as the main effect. There were no differences (P > 0.10) due to RFI detected for BW, BCS, or calf weaning weights. During periods of mild heat load (MHL), HRFI cows spent more (P MHL, LRFI cows grazed more than HRFI cows 18% of the time (P 0.10) in BR between HRFI and LRFI cattle. The DTD tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for LRFI cattle during summer 2017. Over all sample periods, HRFI had greater walking than LRFI 15% of the time and LRFI exceeded HRFI cattle for walking 3% of the time (P < 0.10). The greater walking for HRFI was assumed to be associated with more search grazing. Metabolic heat load on hot summer days for HRFI cattle is presumed to have contributed to differences observed in grazing behavior. These results suggest that lactating cows with low-RFI phenotypes appear to be better adapted to grazing rugged rangelands in late summer during periods of MHL.
Self-Validation: Early Stopping for Single-Instance Deep Generative Priors

Recent works have shown the surprising effectiveness of deep generative models in solving numerous image reconstruction (IR) tasks, even without training data. We call these models, such as deep image prior and deep decoder, collectively as single-instance deep generative priors (SIDGPs). The successes, however, often hinge on appropriate early stopping (ES), which by far has largely been handled in an ad-hoc manner. In this paper, we propose the first principled method for ES when applying SIDGPs to IR, taking advantage of the typical bell trend of the reconstruction quality. In particular, our method is based on collaborative training and self-validation: the primal reconstruction process is monitored by a deep autoencoder, which is trained online with the historic reconstructed images and used to validate the reconstruction quality constantly. Experimentally, on several IR problems and different SIDGPs, our self-validation method is able to reliably detect near-peak performance and signal good ES points. Our code is available at https://sun-umn.github.io/Self-Validation/.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of resonance characteristics of QCM-P devices operating in liquid and their application in biological detection

Abstract Quartz Crystal Microbalance - micropillar (QCM-P) devices rely on system resonance between the QCM crystal and micropillars directly fabricated on its surface to obtain ultrahigh sensitivity. A numerical model was developed to study the effect of hydrodynamic loadings on a QCM-P device. The effect of substrates with inherent resonant frequencies of 5 and 10 MHz on device performance was also studied numerically. The QCM-P device showed different resonant frequency and amplitude while operated in air or water. As a demonstration of applications of QCM-P in biological detection, a 5 MHz QCM-P device was used to measure acrylic acid grafted on oxygen plasma treated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) micropillar surfaces. The QCM-P device produced a much higher frequency response than a conventional QCM sensor.
Affirmative Action: Empirical Work on Its Effectiveness

Affirmative action in the US has proceeded in the shadow of laws barring employment discrimination as well as directly under federal regulation of government contractors. Proactive steps taken by employers in response to laws (such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) barring employment discrimination have contributed substantially to the economic advance of blacks, but not other minorities. Affirmative action under the Contract Compliance regulations have had a more muted impact, increasing the employment share of blacks by less than 1% per year. The impact on females and on non-black minorities appears to have been even smaller. These modest gains have been achieved without the imposition of strict quotas and have not imposed substantial productivity losses. These positive impacts have faded in recent decades.
Does Patent Litigation Reduce Corporate R&D? An Analysis of US Public Firms

This study investigates if firms' involvement in patent litigation as alleged infringers hinders their innovation. I develop a simple model that predicts a decrease in innovation following patent litigation. I investigate the model's implications in a sample of publicly listed US firms, using a combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences estimation. I find a negative impact of patent litigation on corporate R&D intensity - in the range of 2.6-4.7%-points - in small firms (with less than 500 employees), that are involved in extensive patent lawsuits (captured by the number of legal documents filed).
Liberalism, Independent Rights and the Pareto Principle*

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the rights that can be respected in a social choice rule, be they property rights or the “decisive” rights that underlie the concept of liberalism. To avoid contradictions, individuals cannot generally be given more than conditional rights, so that individual preferences are only decisive in determining the social outcome where they are “privately unconditional.” Where property rights are concerned and these rights are strongly independent, it is as if the individuals in the society were involved in a game form, with their personal choices as strategies. Generally, to have a determinate outcome, each individual must always have a dominant strategy that will only occur if preferences are privately unconditional. And this determinate outcome will only be Pareto efficient in general if preferences are privately oriented. Where preferences are not privately unconditional, Nash equilibrium may not exist and so there may be no determinate outcome.
Sustaining software interoperability via shared, evolving object repositories: system optimization and evaluation

Powerful interoperability-enabling solutions for software application integration must allow applications to evolve and data requirements to change, while minimizing such changes on other integrated applications. Thus, we have developed the transparent schema evolution (TSE) system that accomplishes evolution by generating a new object-oriented view schema to capture the changes desired by the user, while preserving existing view schemas for old applications. This generation of a potentially large number of schema versions over time results in an excessive build-up of classes and underlying object instances - some of which may no longer be in use. The presence of no-longer-utilized view schemas will result in storage overhead costs and a degradation of system performance due to the update propagation of our materialized view foundation. In this paper, we address this problem using consistent schema removal techniques. Our solution is based on a formal model of capturing all dependencies between classes as logic clauses and of manipulating them to make decisions on class deletions and nondeletions while guaranteeing the consistency of the schema. Based on this formal model, we have developed and proven consistent a dependency graph (DG) representation and associated set of rules for DG generation, reduction, and transformation. The later has been successfully implemented in our TSE optimizer tool. To address the problem that view schema removal is sensitive to the order in which individual classes are processed, we present a cost model for evaluating alternative removal patterns on DG. We also report our preliminary experimental studies that validate our approach and demonstrate its impact on the performance of the TSE system.
Mathematical issues in the continuum formulation of slow granular flow

This lecture is a survey of certain mathematical problems arising in the description of the flow of granular materials such as sand, coal, or various raw materials used in industry. The rather long title is intended to convey what is not covered. We refer to slow flow in contrast to the rapid shearing flow considered by many authors (cf. the article by Jenkins in these Proceedings). In the case of rapid shearing it is possible to derive constitutive relations from first principles; the constitutive relations used here are purely phenomenological. We refer to a continuum formulation in contrast to particle simulations (cf. the article by Walton in these Proceedings). Although two phase flow was a major theme at the Workshop, we shall not consider the interaction of the granular medium with the interstitial fluid. We have retained the informal style of the lecture in this article.
Chiro-ferrites for low-loss magnetic photonic crystals

Summary form only given. Magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs) display exotic propagation characteristics in the form of a frozen mode (Figotin, A. and Vitebskiy, I., Phys. Rev. E, vol.63, 066609, p.1-17; Phys. Rev. B, vol.67, 165210, p.1-20). At microwave frequencies, ferrites are associated with losses which are further exacerbated due to resonant wave behavior (frozen mode) within the crystal. To minimize losses, it is therefore necessary to minimize the ferrite layer thickness while still attaining sufficient Faraday rotation to preserve the frozen mode phenomenon. We investigate the performance of: (1) chiral inclusions within a ferrite medium; (2) chiral (handed) ferrite inclusions within a possibly non-magnetic host medium. Our preliminary analysis demonstrates that much thinner periodic MPC layers can be designed using chiro-ferrite layers. Concurrently, the MPC frozen mode and reflectivity properties are maintained. More specifically, the inflection point in the band diagram is achievable using only a fraction (lower than 1%) of the original ferrite material, implying a significant loss reduction in practice.
General Non-Orthogonal Constrained ICA

Constrained independent component analysis (C-ICA) algorithms have been an effective way to introduce prior information into the ICA framework. The work in this area has focus on adding constraints to the objective function of algorithms that assume an orthogonal demixing matrix. Orthogonality is required in order to decouple—isolate—the constraints applied for each individual source. This assumption limits the optimization space and therefore the separation performance of C-ICA algorithms. We generalize the existing C-ICA framework by using a novel decoupling method that preserves the larger optimization space for the demixing matrix. In addition, this framework allows for the constraining of either the sources or the mixing coefficients. A constrained version of the extended Infomax algorithm is used as an example to show the benefits obtained from the non-orthogonal constrained framework we introduce.
An adaptive controller for pulsed megawatt klystrons

Abstract The typical large-size klystron, operating in the 300–3000 MHz frequency range with a pulsed rf output in the 1–2 MW power range, is well known to be afflicted by an amplitude nonlinearity of the order of 10 dB and an AM-to-PM conversion of the order of 0.5°/dB. In certain cases, such as in multisection pulsed linac structures, it is difficult to adequately compensate for the amplitude and phase nonlinearities peculiar to each rf amplifier by use of conventional amplitude linearizers, phase equalizers, and fixed-parameter control loops. Design details are given for an adaptive controller for a pulsed rf amplifier which learns from a running sequence of rf output bursts to retain and use the information needed to abolish the control-loop transients otherwise present. Plots of klystron output pulses undergoing adaptation to their correct amplitude and phase are obtained from the system equations.
Development and validation of a multiple ability self-report questionnaire

We present results from three studies on the development and validation of the Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire (MASQ), a self-report measure comprising items from five cognitive domains; language, visuo-perceptual, verbal memory, visual memory, and attention. In Study 1, we determined the content relevance of the questionnaire items. In Study 2, we assessed the basic psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest reliability) of the MASQ in 118 individuals without neurologic or psychiatric disorder, aged 25 to 88 years. In Study 3 we provide validity data for the MASQ by comparing the ratings of normals to people with unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy, and examining the relationship of self-report to objective test performance. The potential use of the MASQ to study the neurologic and psychological correlates of accuracy and unawareness in self-appraisal across different cognitive domains and various clinical groups is discussed.
Alternate forms for global self-concept and an achievement-related subscale using the Brownfain self-rating inventory.

As repeated measures in self-concept research are subject to factors which may confound data, an alternate form for a self-concept inventory was developed for college students. Correlations between the original and alternate items administered under two conditions were .87 and .88, for the achievement-related subscale r = .85. The findings demonstrate the suitability of the selected items as alternate forms for achievement-related and total self-concept.
WE‐G‐19A‐01: Radiologists and Medical Physicists: Working Together to Achieve Common Goals

It is vitally important that medical physicists understand the clinical questions that radiologists are trying to answer with patient images. Knowledge of the types of information the radiologist needs helps medical physicists configure imaging protocols that appropriately balance radiation dose, time, and image quality. The ability to communicate with radiologists and understand medical terminology, anatomy, and physiology is key to creating such imaging protocols. In this session, radiologists will present clinical cases and describe the information they are seeking in the clinical images. Medical physicists will then discuss how imaging protocols are configured. Learning Objectives: Understand the types of information that radiologists seek in medical images. Apply this understanding in configuring the imaging equipment to deliver this information. Develop strategies for working with physician colleagues.
Relationship of right- and left-sided filling pressures in patients with advanced heart failure: A 14-year multi-institutional analysis

Background Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is assessed to estimate volume status in patients with heart failure because right atrial pressure (RAP) reflects pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). In a large cohort of heart failure patients spanning 14 years, we sought to further characterize the relationship between RAP and PCWP, including identifying temporal trends, to optimize estimates of PCWP by JVP. We also sought to determine whether the RAP to PCWP relationship impacts post-transplant mortality. Methods Hemodynamic data were obtained from 4,079 patients before cardiac transplantation. Elevated RAP was defined as ≥10 mm Hg and elevated PCWP ≥22 mm Hg. Hemodynamics were "concordant" when both RAP and PCWP were elevated or when both were not elevated. The frequency of concordant hemodynamics was assessed over 3 eras (1993 to 1997, 1998 to 2002, 2003 to 2007). Baseline characteristics were compared among quartiles of the ratio (RAP+1)/PCWP. The association of (RAP+1)/PCWP with 2-year mortality after cardiac transplantation was assessed using multivariate models. Results The frequency of concordant hemodynamics over time was stable (74%, 72%, 73%; p = 0.4). Increasing (RAP+1)/PCWP was associated with the following variables: female gender; cardiomyopathy etiology besides ischemic or non-ischemic; prior sternotomies; and lower creatinine clearance ( p p = 0.02). Conclusions RAP and PCWP remain concordant in most heart failure patients, supporting the ongoing use of JVP to estimate PCWP. Easily identifiable patient characteristics were associated with an increased RAP/PCWP ratio, and their presence should alert clinicians that PCWP may be overestimated by JVP assessment. A higher RAP/PCWP ratio was an adverse risk factor for post–cardiac transplant survival.
Contaminants and Trends in Fall Run Coho Salmon

Fillets of fall run coho salmon from each of the Great Lakes were analyzed for pesticides and industrial compounds. PCBs were the dominant contaminant in all samples ranging from trace concentrations in Lake Superior to 1.74 μg/kg in Lake Ontario. Compounds which have been banned or restricted were detected in most samples. These include PCB, DDT, chlordane, dieldrin, toxaphene, endrin, lindane, and heptachlor-epoxide. The herbicide, dacthal, was detected in samples from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Comparison of 1984 coho salmon with those collected in 1980 through 1983 indicates that concentrations of PCB and DDT in coho from Lakes Erie and Michigan have declined, following first order loss kinetics. Dieldrin concentrations in Lake Michigan coho have also declined following first order loss kinetics.
Spatio-temporal available bandwidth estimation with STAB

We study the problem of locating in space and over time a network path's tight link, that is the link with the least available bandwidth on the path. Tight link localization benefits network-aware applications, provides insight into the causes of network congestion and ways to circumvent it, and aids network operations. We present STAB, a light-weight probing tool to locate tight links. STAB combines the probing concepts of self-induced congestion, tailgating, and packet chirps in a novel fashion. We demonstrate its capabilities through experiments on the Internet and verify our results using router MRTG data.
Adsorption Equilibria and Kinetics of Carbon Monoxide on Zeolite 5A, 13X, MOF-5, and MOF-177

Carbon monoxide adsorption equilibria and kinetics on zeolite 5A, 13X, MOF-5, and MOF-177 were measured volumetrically at (298, 237, and 194.5) K and carbon monoxide pressures up to 108 kPa. It was found that zeolite 5A had the highest adsorption capacity at ambient temperature (298 K) and ambient pressure (108 kPa), whereas MOF-177 was a better adsorbent at (194.5 and 237) K. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to correlate the adsorption isotherms. Diffusivities of carbon monoxide in these adsorbents were estimated from the adsorption uptake curves by a micropore diffusion model. The average carbon monoxide diffusivities at 298 K and carbon monoxide pressures below 108 kPa are 3.42·10−11 m2·s−1, 1.40·10−11 m2·s−1, 1.72·10−8 m2·s−1, and 5.01·10−9 m2·s−1 for zeolite 5A, 13X, MOF-5, and MOF-177, respectively. The heat of adsorption of carbon monoxide at low coverage on zeolite 5A and 13X is below 70 kJ·mol−1 and drops rapidly as the coverage increases, while the heat of adsorption of...
Implementation of the Community Radiative Transfer Model in Advanced Clear‐Sky Processor for Oceans and validation against nighttime AVHRR radiances

[1] The fast Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) has been integrated into National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service's newly developed Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). CRTM is used in conjunction with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System atmospheric profiles and Reynolds weekly version 2 sea surface temperatures (SST) to simulate clear-sky brightness temperatures (BT). Model BTs are used to improve the ACSPO clear-sky mask, monitor quality of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) BTs, and explore physical SST retrievals. This paper documents CRTM implementation in ACSPO version 1 and evaluates nighttime “model minus observation” (M-O) BT biases in three bands (3.7, 11, and 12 μm) of four AVHRR/3 instruments onboard NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and MetOp-A. With careful treatment of input atmospheric and SST data, the agreement is generally good, showing only weak dependencies of M-O biases on view zenith angle, column water vapor, and wind speed. The agreement improves if Reynolds weekly SST is used instead of NCEP SST. Including surface reflection also reduces the M-O bias. After all optimizations, the M-O biases are within several tenths of a Kelvin. Consistency between different platforms is ∼0.1K, except for NOAA-16 channel 3B, which is biased low compared to other platforms by ∼0.4K. Our future plans include extending the analyses to daytime data and exploring physical SST retrievals. A web-based tool is being established to continuously monitor the M-O biases and physical SSTs. The validation methodology employed in this paper will be used to quantitatively measure the effect of each improvement on the M-O bias and physical SST.
The effects of NMDA and GABAA pharmacological manipulations on acute and rapid tolerance to ethanol during ontogeny.

Background: Sensitivity to several ethanol effects increases during ontogeny, perhaps in part because of a notable decline in acute tolerance. In contrast, rapid tolerance to ethanol-induced sedation emerges slowly during ontogeny. This study tested the hypothesis that ontogenetic differences in glutamate and/or γ-aminobutyric acid systems influence tolerance expression. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day (P)26 or P70 received (+)MK-801, muscimol, or saline before ethanol (3.5 or 4.5 g/kg) or saline on day 1 and ethanol only on day 2. Loss of and time to regain the righting reflex and blood alcohol levels at recovery were recorded. The presence of acute tolerance was indicated as a positive slope of the linear regression of blood alcohol levels at recovery versus ethanol dose. Rapid tolerance was estimated on day 2 by comparing animals given ethanol only on day 2 with those given ethanol on both days. Results: Acute tolerance on day 1 only was observed at P26; this was disrupted by (+)MK-801 but not muscimol. Evidence for acute tolerance also emerged in adults on day 2. Whereas both drugs increased ethanol sedation at both ages, they did not facilitate ontogenetic expression of rapid tolerance: rapid tolerance was not evident at P26 regardless of pretreatment when indexed in terms of recovery time. Conclusions: These data provide further evidence for an ontogenetic dissociation in the expression of acute and rapid tolerance to ethanol-induced sedation. Pharmacological attenuation of the expression of acute tolerance was sufficient but not necessary to delay recovery of righting after ethanol. The greater propensity of young animals to develop acute tolerance, seemingly modulated in part by NMDA receptors, may contribute to their relative resistance to ethanol, although other factors, including pharmacokinetic factors, also contribute to their more rapid recovery from ethanol sedation.
A New Species of Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador

Abstract. Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom, a new species of fruit fly from Ecuador, is described and illustrated. It differs from its previously known congeners in wing pattern (not banded, distal half brown), scutal and scutellar markings, and male femoral setation.
Means on ordered sets

Abstract It is shown that order statistics are the only functions that are continuous comparison meaningful means on powers of simple orders.
Aging and liver regeneration.

The loss of regenerative capacity is the most dramatic age-associated alteration in the liver. Although this phenomenon was reported over 50 years ago, the molecular basis for the loss of regenerative capacity of aged livers has not been fully elucidated. Aging causes alterations of several signal-transduction pathways and changes in the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and chromatin-remodeling proteins. Consequently, aging livers accumulate a multi-protein C/EBPα–Brm–HDAC1 complex that occupies and silences E2F-dependent promoters, reducing the regenerative capacity of livers in older mice. Recent studies have provided evidence for the crucial role of epigenetic silencing in the age-dependent inhibition of liver proliferation. This review focuses on mechanisms of age-dependent inhibition of liver proliferation and approaches for correcting liver regeneration in the elderly.
The Art of Boris Pilniak

Pilniak is not as interested in reality or in the fabric of real life as in the loom onto which it is stretched. Not the fact but the hidden idea occupies this writer who continuously attempts to see existence beyond the flashing of occurrence. In the world of snowstorms and wolves, in the terrifying kingdom of nature, in the storm of social passions and dreams, Pilniak observes the movement of the eternal shuttle. 1
Women Service Members and Family Reintegration

Women are being deployed at increasing rates. This article reviews literature related to the risk and protective factors that explain varied levels of adaptation for servicewomen and their families. Implications suggest that clinicians assess risk factors for female soldiers upon return home such as the number and length of deployments, the presence of mental health challenges, physical injuries including traumatic brain injury, the experience of military sexual trauma, a history of childhood or adult sexual trauma, and the pile-up of additional life stressors that can lead to a cumulative negative effect for women and their families. Clinicians are also encouraged to assess and encourage family strengths that foster resilience such as social support, ongoing communication, family structure that is flexible, and positive appraisal.
Two-Stream Electromagnetic Instability

The characteristics of the instability of an electromagnetic wave propagating obliquely to a double stream in a plasma are investigated. Instability is shown to exist for all directions of the stream. The direction normal to the wave vector is a singular case for which the unstable wave has a zero frequency of oscillation and a growth rate which increases from zero as the wavenumber is increased and asymptotically approaches a maximum value for very large wavenumbers. For all other directions unstable waves exist for wavenumbers below a critical value. The frequency of oscillation increases monotonically from zero as the wavenumber is increased and reaches a maximum value at the cutoff wavenumber but the growth rate increases from zero as the wavenumber is increased, reaches a maximum value, and then decreases to zero at the criticai wavenumber. The dependence of the frequency of oscillation and the growth rate of the unstable wave on the direction of the stream with respect to the wave vector is also examined. Many of the features of this instability, particuiarly for other than the singular direction, are predicted correctly by the quasi- static approximation. (auth)
Professional preparation, course content, and responsibilities of Big Eight elementary science methods faculty

This study focused on elementary science methods faculty of the Big Eight states. Data were collected about their rank, training, precollege teaching experience, college teaching experience, course load per year, publication(s) and NSTA convention attendance, inservice presentations, and content of their elementary science methods course. In addition, comparisons were made with an earlier study of New England elementary science methods faculty.
Thinking eHealth: A Mathematical Background of an Individual Health Status Monitoring System to Empower Young People to Manage Their Health

This paper focuses on a mathematical background of an individual health status monitoring system to empower young people to manage their health. The proposed health status monitoring system uses symptoms observed with mobile sensing devices and prior information about health and environment provided it exists to define individual physical and psychological status. It assumes that a health status identification process is influenced by many parameters and conditions. It has a flexible logical inference system providing positive psychological influence on young people since full acceptance of recommendations on their behavioral changes towards healthy lifestyles is reached and a correct interpretation is guaranteed. The model and algorithms of the individual health status monitoring system are developed based on the composition inference rule in Zadeh's fuzzy logic. The model allows us to include in the algorithms of logical inference the possibility of masking by means of a certain health condition the symptoms of other health situations as well as prior information if it exists regarding health and environment. The algorithms are generated by optimizing the truth of a single natural "axiom", which connects an individual health status represented by classes of health situations with symptoms and matrices of influence of health situations on symptoms and masking of symptoms. The new algorithms are fairly different from traditional algorithms, in which the result is produced in the course of numerous single processing rules. Therefore, the use of a composition inference rule makes a health status identification process faster and the obtained results more precise and efficient comparing to traditional algorithms.