cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erratum to: Isomorphism and Embedding of Borel Systems on Full Sets

Regrettably in Theorem 1.6 [1] (and consequently also Theorem 1.7), the statement concerning synchronized systems is incorrect. A counterexample can be found in [2]. The source of the error is the fact that in a synchronized subshift X, although the subshifts of finite type in X are plentiful, they may not exhaust the entropy of the system (nor need there be a Bernoulli measure of maximal entropy). The results for the other classes of systems mentioned in Theorem 1.6 are unchanged. I am grateful to Dominik Kwietniak for pointing out this error and for providing the reference to [2].
The Regulation of Phenotype and Function of Human Liver CD3/CD56 Lymphocytes, and Cells That Also Co-Express CD8 by IL-2, IL-12 and Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody

The regulation of phenotype and function of human liver infiltrating lymphocytes (LIL) by in vitro culture with IL-2, IL-12 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was investigated. The CD3+ LIL which express 50% less CD3 molecules per cell than peripheral blood T lymphocytes, exhibited a 6-fold reduction in proliferation when stimulated through the CD3 complex by anti-CD3 mAb. LIL freshly isolated or cultured in medium did not suppress MLR response, nor were they cytotoxic. However, treatment of the LIL cells with IL-2, IL-12 and anti-CD3 induced these cells to suppress autologous responding cells in MLR (ca. 70%) and to kill autologous or allogeneic cells. Low level cytotoxicity could be induced by cytokines IL-2, IL-12 or anti-CD3 alone. However, the development of optimum MLR suppression and cytotoxicity induction was dependent upon stimulation of the LIL cells through the CD3 complex. The co-expression of CD3 and CD56 on LIL was also up-regulated by anti-CD3 stimulation in the combination of IL-2 and IL-12. Most of the CD3+/CD56+ cells, also expressed CD8. After the magnetic bead separation procedure, the cytotoxic activity was found mainly in the CD3+/CD56+/CD8+ population. These results suggest that CD3+/CD56+/CD8+ cells can be expanded by stimulation through the TCR/CD3 complex in the presence of IL-2 and IL-12, which results in the suppression of autologous responding cells by a cytotoxic mechanism. The proliferative response of the CD3+/CD56+/CD8+ population was enhanced by the induction of CD1 molecules on the stimulating cells, and anti-CD1 mAb were able to block the response in a dose-dependent manner. The CD3+/CD56+/CD8+ cells were examined for cytokine production by flow cytometry. Cytokines IL-4, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were produced by 91.7%, 29.2%, and 27.4% of the cells, respectively.
An extremely abrupt switching phenomenon in small-dimension polysilicon TFT structures with enhanced grain size

Summary form only given. In the course of exploring the transfer characteristics in small-dimensional polysilicon TFTs (thin-film transistors), the authors found an extremely abrupt drain current change which cannot be explained by the existing TFT models. The measured devices are coplanar-type, n-channel polysilicon TFTs with channel widths and lengths, W and L, ranging from 20 mu m to half a micrometer. The authors measured the (drain current)-(gate voltage) characteristics in TFTs with various L and W applying a drain voltage of 5.0 V. It was found that the subthreshold slope became steeper as the channel dimension was reduced. The TFTs with dimensions smaller than 1.5 mu m showed transfer characteristics which were qualitatively different from those observed in the larger-dimension TFTs. In the TFT with W=L=0.5 mu m, the drain current changed from 50 pA to 15 mu A, corresponding to the gate voltage change of 40 mV. It is suggested that the observed switching phenomenon in the small-dimension TFTs may be related to avalanche-type breakdown at the grain boundary potential barrier, the height and width of which can be controlled by the gate voltage. >
Calcium/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase as an example of a molecular associative integrator

Evidence suggests that the Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase may play a key role in neural plasticity and learning in Aplysia, Drosophila, and mammals. This dually-regulated enzyme has been proposed as a possible site of stimulus convergence during associative learning. This commentary discusses the evidence that is required to demonstrate that a protein in a second messenger cascade actually functions as a molecular site of associative integration. It also addresses the issue of how a dually-regulated protein could contribute to the temporal pairing requirements of classical conditioning: that relationship between stimuli display both temporal contiguity and predictability.
Observation of triplet intraligand excited states through nanosecond step-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Nanosecond step-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy permits the observation of triplet intraligand (3IL) character in the excited states of [Ru(bpy)2(PNI-phen)]2+ and [Ru(PNI-phen)3]2+ where PNI is 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide. After pulsed 355-nm laser excitation, the two ground-state imide CO bands in each compound are bleached and two substantially lower energy vibrations are produced; the lower energy feature appears as two distinct bands split by an overlapping transient bleach. Model studies confirm that the time-resolved vibrational data are consistent with photoinduced sensitization of the 3IL excited state. Density functional theory calculations also support these assignments because localization of triplet electron density on the PNI moiety is expected to lead to red-shifted CO vibrations of magnitude similar to those measured experimentally. The current results illustrate that triplet electron density can be directly tracked by time-resolved infrared measurements in metal−organic ch...
High-speed Phase Recovery Using Chromatic Transport of Intensity Computation in Graphics Processing Units

Quantitative phase measurements are derived from the wavelength-dependent transport of intensity equation. A dispersive optical system is used with a Bayer-filtered detector and graphics processing units to record and calculate the phase in real-time.
Polymorphic Phase Transformation in In 2 La and CeIn 2

Nuclear quadrupole interactions of 111Cd probes in In2La and CeIn2 were measured using perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). Near room temperature, a single nonaxially symmetric quadrupole interaction was observed in each compound, with ω 0 = eQV zz /h = 78.8(2) Mrad/s and ŋ = 0.312(1) for In2La at 11 °C and ω 0 = 80(1) Mrad/s and ŋ = 0.29(2) for CeIn2 at 34 °C. The observed non-axial symmetry is consistent with the reported CeCu2 structure of the phases. The non-axially symmetric interactions were replaced completely by axially symmetric interactions (ŋ = 0) at 524 °C, with ω 0 = 101.0(1) Mrad /s in In2La and ω 0 = 96.9(4) Mrad/s in CeIn2. The change in symmetry is attributed to a polymorphic phase transformation. Based on symmetry information from the quadrupole interaction and on chemical arguments, it is proposed that high-temperature phases of In2La and CeIn2 both have the AlB2 (C32) structure.
English Landed Society in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

W s ith the appearance of Dr Mingay's able work on eighteenth-century landed society and Dr Thompson's remarkable work on nineteenth-century landed society, scholarly study in this field has emerged from the learned journals.1 No one has done more to shape the recent phase of this study than Professor Habakkuk who gave it the imprint both of the economic historian and the researcher in country-house muniment rooms. Drs Mingay and Thompson have followed in his steps, and each appropriately renders acknowledgment of a debt to him.
Choice behavior in transition : development of preference for the higher probability of reinforcement

Ten acquisition curves were obtained from each of 4 pigeons in a two-choice discrete-trial procedure. In each of these 10 conditions, the two response keys initially had equal probabilities of reinforcement, and subjects' choice responses were about equally divided between the two keys. Then the reinforcement probabilities were changed so that one key had a higher probability of reinforcement (the left key in half of the conditions and the right key in the other half), and in nearly every case the subjects developed a preference for this key. The rate of acquisition of preference for this key was faster when the ratio of the two reinforcement probabilities was higher. For instance, acquisition of preference was faster in conditions with reinforcement probabilities of .12 and .02 than in conditions with reinforcement probabilities of .40 and .30, even though the pairs of probabilities differed by .10 in both cases. These results were used to evaluate the predictions of some theories of transitional behavior in choice situations. A trial-by-trial analysis of individual responses and reinforcers suggested that reinforcement had both short-term and long-term effects on choice. The short-term effect was an increased probability of returning to the same key on the one or two trials following a reinforcer. The long-term effect was a gradual increase in the proportion of responses on the key with the higher probability of reinforcement, an increase that usually continued for several hundred trials.
Point defect thermal equilibria in GaAs

Abstract The thermal equilibrium concentrations of the six electrically neutral single point defect species in GaAs are expressed as explicit functions of well-defined thermodynamic quantities. The difference between the Gibbs free energies of an arsenic atom in the interior of a GaAs crystal and in an arsenic vapor phase molecule is emphasized. Numerical values of the thermal equilibrium concentrations of the gallium and arsenic vacancies and the two antisite defects are estimated. It is of interest that the calculated thermal equilibrium concentration of the anion antisite defect As Ga 0 reaches a peak value of about 1 × 10 17 cm −3 and is almost temperature independent. This computed value for As Ga 0 is consistent with experimental findings.
Ten Categories of Entrepreneurial Climate to Encourage Rural Tourism Development

Abstract Entrepreneurship has been embraced in the last decade as a strategy for rural economic development, especially in areas where traditional industries have declined. Rural tourism development, which is largely leisure‐based and can encompass many segments of tourism such as agritourism, ecotourism, and cultural‐heritage tourism, has also emerged as a tactic for communities to tap into their natural and cultural assets as a means of sustainable revenue. These two areas of scholarship and practice hold a strong overlap because entrepreneurs create many rural tourism businesses. However, little is noted in the tourism literature about the formula for success for a rural tourism entrepreneur. This paper revises McGehee and Kline's (2008) 12 categories of tourism entrepreneurship using existing research to provide a more specific and detailed strategy for the creation of entrepreneurial climates that support rural tourism. The resulting framework provides the information necessary for rural tourism and ...
Trends in gestational weight gain: the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000–2009

Objective Achieving adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for optimal health of the infant and mother. We estimate current population-based trends of GWG. Study design We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 124,348 women who delivered live infants in 14 states during 2000 through 2009. We examined prevalence and trends in GWG in pounds as a continuous variable, and within 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations (yes/no) as a dichotomous variable. We examined adjusted trends in mean GWG using multivariable linear regression and GWG within recommendations using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Results During 2000 through 2009, 35.8% of women gained within IOM GWG recommendations, 44.4% gained above, and 19.8% gained below. From 2000 through 2009, there was a biennial 1.0 percentage point decrease in women gaining within IOM GWG recommendations ( P trend P trend P trend = .14). The adjusted odds of gaining within IOM recommendations were lower in 2006 through 2007 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.96) and 2008 through 2009 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.96) relative to 2000 through 2001. Conclusion Overall, from 2000 through 2009 the percentage of women gaining within IOM recommendations slightly decreased while mean GWG slightly increased. Efforts are needed to develop and implement strategies to ensure that women achieve GWG within recommendations.
Intelligent Control for Drag Reduction on the X-48B Vehicle

This paper focuses on the development of an intelligent control technology for in-flight drag reduction. The system is integrated with and demonstrated on the full X-48B nonlinear simulation. The intelligent control system utilizes a peak-seeking control method implemented with a time-varying Kalman filter. Performance functional coordinate and magnitude measurements, or independent and dependent parameters respectively, are used by the Kalman filter to provide the system with gradient estimates of the designed performance function which is used to drive the system toward a local minimum in a steepestdescent approach. To ensure ease of integration and algorithm performance, a single-input single-output approach was chosen. The framework, specific implementation considerations, simulation results, and flight feasibility issues related to this platform are discussed.
Age-based rationing and women.

To the Editor. —Jecker 1 contends that any plan that restricts certain services to those under a certain age would be unfair because it would deny women more years of life than men. She fails to explain why a group of persons already blessed with a longer life span would be treated unfairly unless they also receive a greater number of healthy years of life. The claim that women are unfairly burdened by age-based rationing assumes that equality is served only if men and women receive equivalent health care benefits for the same proportion of their respective life spans. However, it could also be argued that equality is served when both men and women receive equivalent health care benefits for the same number of years (as would occur with age-based rationing). In fact, age-based rationing may be more fair. Since an unequal burden of occupational and environmental exposures may
Protolith and metamorphic ages of the Haiyangsuo Complex, eastern China: A non-UHP exotic tectonic slab in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane

The Haiyangsuo Complex in the NE Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane has discontinuous, coastal exposures of Late Archean gneiss with amphibolitized granulite, amphibolite, Paleoproterozoic metagabbroic intrusives, and Cretaceous granitic dikes over an area of about 15 km2. The U–Pb SHRIMP dating of zircons indicates that theprotolith age of a garnet-biotite gneiss is >2500 Ma, whereas the granulite-facie metamorphism occurred at around 1800 Ma. A gabbroic intrusion was dated at ∼1730 Ma, and the formation of amphibolite-facies assemblages in both metagabbro and granulite occurred at ∼340–460 Ma. Petrologic and geochronological data indicate that these various rocks show no evidence of Triassic eclogite-facies metamorphism and Neoproterozoic protolith ages that are characteristics of Sulu-Dabie HP-UHP rocks, except Neoproterozoic inherited ages from post-collisional Jurassic granitic dikes. Haiyangsuo retrograde granulites with amphibolite-facies assemblages within the gneiss preserve relict garnet formed during granulite-facies metamorphism at ∼1.85 Ga. The Paleoproterozoic metamorphic events are almost coeval with gabbroic intrusions. The granulite-bearing gneiss unit and gabbro-dominated unit of the Haiyangsuo Complex were intruded by thin granitic dikes at about 160 Ma, which is coeval with post-collisional granitic intrusions in the Sulu terrane. We suggest that the Haiyangsuo Complex may represent a fragment of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Paleoproterozoic terrane developed at the eastern margin of the Sino-Korean basement, which was juxtaposed with the Sulu terrane prior to Jurassic granitic activity and regional deformation.
Treatment of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone using a novel combined approach

Radiofrequency (RF) treatment has been used for a variety of malignant and benign conditions. However, treatment of a bone malignancy has yet to be reported. The authors present a 21-year old woman with multifocal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) treated by a combination of surgical excision, chemotherapy and four RF ablations. Follow-up radiographs of the RF-treated sites reveal no evidence of recurrent disease 71, 58, 49 and 33 months, respectively, after treatment.
Prism therapy in low vision rehabilitation

Abstract Visual field impairments limit activities of daily living by disrupting visual function. Prescribing prisms for field awareness is an effective treatment for enhancing visual performance. Utilization of orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists complements field awareness therapy. In this report, the ocular healthcare professional will learn how to identify, evaluate, prescribe and train the field impaired using prism therapy. An understanding of the importance of interdisciplinary referrals will also be appreciated.
Anatomic correlates of the face and oral cavity representations in the somatosensory cortical area 3b of monkeys.

We determined the somatotopy of the face and the oral cavity representation in cortical area 3b of New World owl monkeys and squirrel monkeys. Area 3b is apparent as a densely myelinated strip in brain sections cut parallel to the surface of flattened cortex. A narrow myelin-light septum that we have termed the "hand-face septum" separates the hand representation from the more lateral face and mouth representation. The face and oral cavity representation is further divided into a series of myelin-dense ovals. We show that three ovals adjacent to the hand representation correspond to the upper face, upper lip, and chin plus lower lip, whereas three or four more rostral ovals successively represent the contralateral teeth, tongue, and the ipsilateral teeth and tongue. Strips of cortex lateral and medial to the area 3b ovals, possibly corresponding to area 1 and area 3a, respectively, have similar somatotopic sequences. Although previous results suggest the existence of great variability within and across primate species, we conclude that the representations of the face and mouth are highly similar across individuals of the same species, and there are extensive overall similarities across these two species of New World monkeys.
Benchmarking Punctuated Anytime Learning for Evolving a Multi-Agent Team's Binary Controllers

Punctuated anytime learning (PAL) is a system that can be used for evolving cooperative teams of agents. PAL applied to evolving multiple populations is a kind of cooperative coevolutionary algorithm (CCEA). Here we compare PAL to a canonical genetic algorithm (GA) on a widley used GA benchmarking optimization function called the Rosenbrock function. The Rosenbrock function was chosen for experimentation because it is a highly non-linear function and difficult to optimize. Results are shown from a variety of experiments with different dimensionalities of the Rosenbrock function. These findings are discussed in the context of evolving binary controllers for mutli-agent cooperative teams of robots.
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE PUSH-DOWN TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THE SLIDING RESISTANCE OF SILICON CARBIDE FIBERS IN A CERAMIC MATRIX

The use of a push-down technique to measure the sliding resistance of NICALON fibers (SiC) in a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) matrix has been examined experimentally. Tests have been conducted on more than 300 fibers in 2 different samples of the as-processed SiC/LAS III composite. Results show that the push-down measurements on an individual sample are reproducible, that the sliding resistance can vary significantly between samples, and that Poisson's expansion does not affect push-down measurements of fibers in this system.
Visions of utopia : Nashoba, Rugby, Ruskin, and the "new communities" in Tennessee's past

Visionaries of all ages and places have pursued Utopias, dreaming impossible dreams of starting over in new communities fashioned more closely to their ideals. In Visions of Utopia, John Egerton traces the fascinating history of the experimental communities founded by such groups in Tennessee. He focuses in particular on three extraordinary colonies of the 19th century, each of them widely known in its time: Nashoba, and interracial settlement near Memphis in 1825; Rugby, an English cooperative community on the Cumberland Plateau in 1880; and Ruskin, a socialist community in Dickson County in 1894. John Egerton is a native Southerner A Georgian by birth, a Kentuckian in his childhood and youth, a Floridian during the early 1960 s, and a Tennessean since 1965. He is a grandson of one of the English colonists who started the Rugby settlement in 1880. As a journalist and author, he has written articles on a variety of subjects for more than twenty magazines, and has published two books about the South: A Mind to Stay Here (1970) and The Americanization of Dixie (1974)."
Peripheral blood cytotoxic lymphocyte gene transcript levels differ in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes compared to normal controls.

The purpose of this study was to compare mRNA levels of the cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) gene products: granzyme B (GB), perforin (P), and fas ligand (FasL) in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes ...
Beam maser spectroscopy on CD3CN

The J=1→0 rotational transitions of CD3CN were measured using a two‐cavity molecular beam maser spectrometer. This spectrometer employs the Ramsey method of separated oscillating fields to obtain very high resolutions and allows precise measurements of the hyperfine structure splittings. The nitrogen quadrupole coupling constant is eqaaQ(N)=−4229.2±0.6 kHz and the deuterium quadrupole constant is eqaaQ(D)=−55.1±0.4 kHz. Assuming cylinderical symmetry about the C–D bond axis we obtain the C–D bond‐axis deuterium quadrupole coupling strength of eqzzQ(D)=169.6±4.5 kHz. The b‐axis rotational constant, and nitrogen and deuterium spin‐rotation interaction strengths are also reported.
Why don’t oil shocks cause inflation? Evidence from disaggregate inflation data

This paper uses disaggregate U.S. inflation data to evaluate explanations for the breakdown of the relationship between oil price shocks and consumer price inflation. A data set with measures of inflation, energy intensity, labor intensity, and sensitivity to monetary policy is constructed for 97 sectors that make up core CPI inflation. A comparison of the 1973–85 and 1986–2006 time periods reveals that substitution away from energy use in production and monetary policy were both important, with approximately two-thirds of the change in response of inflation to oil shocks being due to reduced energy usage, and one-third to monetary policy. We find no evidence that other factors, such as changes in wage rigidities or changes in the persistence of oil shocks, played a role.
Frontlog Cataloging: Using In-Process Records to Reveal Backlogged Collections

The University of Maryland Libraries have acquired tens of thousands of Judaica volumes during the past decades and continuing to the present.The growth has far exceeded cataloging capacity, resulting in a significant backlog that is invisible to selectors and patrons alike. In order to make these materials available, catalogers at UM Libraries developed procedures that make use of in-process records. These processes have since been applied to other backlogs. This paper describes the procedures and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, the frontlog approach has resulted in visible benefits to both patrons and librarians.
Self-Motivation and Physical Activity among Black and White Adolescent Girls.

PURPOSE The psychometric properties of the Self-Motivation Inventory for children (SMI-C) were established using tests of factorial validity, factorial invariance, latent mean structure, and predictive validity. METHODS Adolescent girls from two cohorts (N = 955 and 1797) completed the SMI-C and measures of physical activity, team sport involvement, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body fatness in the 8th grade; participants in cohort 2 ( N= 1658) also completed the measures 1 yr later in the 9th grade. The data were analyzed with exploratory and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS The 20-item SMI-C was best represented by a single substantive factor, but there were method effects among the negatively worded items. CFA indicated that a single-factor model fit the nine positively worded items and exhibited strong evidence of cross-validity and factorial invariance between races and across 1 yr; there were no differences in latent means between black and white girls. SEM indicated that the nine-item SMI-C had direct effects on moderate (gamma(11) = 0.16) and vigorous (gamma(21) = 0.22) physical activity and team sport involvement (gamma(31) = 0.29); the effects were invariant between black and white girls, independent of cardiorespiratory endurance and body fatness, and consistent across a 1-yr period. CONCLUSION The positively worded nine-item version of the SMI-C can be used in cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and intervention studies that examine self-motivation as a putative moderator or mediator of physical activity among black and white adolescent girls.
Geologic setting of hydrothermal activity at the northern Gorda Ridge

Abstract The northern end of the northern segment of the rift valley of the Gorda Ridge was investigated with Sea Beam bathymetry, SeaMARC IA and II side-scan sonar, surface-towed magnetics, and near-bottom camera-temperature tows to determine the geologic setting of large chemical anomalies in the water column indicative of intense hydrothermal discharge. The magnitude of the water column anomalies is comparable to that associated with the high-temperature Sea Cliff hydrothermal field situated on the east wall of the rift valley 25 km to the south. Water column andseafloor hydrothermal indicators and tectonic trends converge at a seamount at 42°57.3'N, 126°33.0'W situated 4.5 km east of the rift valley axis on a terrace as the most likely source area for the hydrothermal discharge. Comparison with the geologic setting of the Sea Cliff hydrothermal field confirms the presence of an anomalous axis-oblique (340°–357°) tectonic trend that permeates the structure of the northern Gorda Ridge. Additional sinistral offset along an axis-perpendicular structural trend (292°) at the Sea Cliff field indicates a southward increase in deformation of the northern Gorda Ridge along axis-transverse trends.
Chronic diarrhoea in a dog with regional granulomatous enteritis

A seven-year-old, male, intact samoyed with chronic diarrhoea was diagnosed as having a regional granulomatous enterocolitis confined primarily to the distal ileum and caecum. Radiographic and histopathological findings revealed that the most severe inflammatory changes involved the caecum. Long-term corticosteroid management, a short course of metronidazole, and a three-month period of treatment with azathioprine failed to adequately control the diarrhoea. Surgical resection of the caecum eventually helped resolve the condition.
Theoretical Considerations on the Use of Circularly Symmetric TE Modes for Digital Ferrite Phase Shifters (Correction)

The effectiveness of using magnetized ferrite toroids in circularly cylindrical guides operating in the TE/sub 01/ mode as elements of a digital phase shifter is investigated. The phase of such a device is controlled by reversing the magnetization of individual ferrite toroids. An analysis of the circularly cylindrical guide containing, coaxially, a ferrite tube is presented for circularly symmetric modes. Some results of computations to determine the optimum tube thickness, mean radius, and effect of frequency and changes in the fundamental constants of the material are included.
Survival of baboon platelets labeled with diazotized (125-1)-iodosulfanilic acid: No effect of drugs that modify platelet behavior

A baboon animal model has been developed to study the kinetics of platelets doubly labeled with 51-Cr, a cytoplasmic label, and diazotized 125-I-iodosulfanilic acid (D 125-ISA), which binds to glycoprotein components of the platelet membrane. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible usefulness of this platelet label, and to extend to primates previous observations of D 125-ISA-labeled platelets in rabbits. D 125-ISA-platelet activity disappeared exponentially with a mean t12 of 0.90 days ± 0.11. Labeling 51-Cr-platelets with D 125-ISA resulted in a modest but significant reduction in the baseline 51-Cr-platelet survival time (from 5.5 ± 0.2 days to 4.7 ± 0.4; p < 0.02). 51-Cr and D 125-ISA kinetics were not changed by the administration of aspirin-dipyridamole, sudoxicam, or high molecular weight dextran. These studies suggest that platelet membrane components are continually lost during circulation in vivo, but that this process is unaffected by pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function.
Adhesion of denture tooth porcelain to heat-polymerized denture resin

Use of porcelain denture teeth may be desirable in many clinical situations, including implant-supported prostheses. However, lack of space because of frameworks often precludes the use of conventional retention by diatorics and pins. Adhesion of porcelain denture teeth to denture resin could also stiffen and possibly strengthen dentures and decrease stain ingress between porcelain teeth and resin denture bases. Unlike previous studies that investigated the bond between conventional feldspathic metal-ceramic porcelain and bis-GMA based composite resin, this study investigated adhesion of denture tooth porcelain to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). High-energy air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid etching, and the use of a general purpose bonding agent resulted in an improved bond strength of heat-cured denture PMMA bonded to denture tooth porcelain. Silane, coating did not improve bond strengths, and conventional air abrasion was no more effective than polishing with 600-grit, silicon carbide. Storage in water and artificial aging substantially decreased bond strengths. The strongest bond strengths were achieved by a high-energy-abrasion + etching + multiple-purpose bonding-agent treatment, but a simpler etching + multiple-purpose bonding-agent treatment also produced reliable results. A laboratory technique was suggested. The role of surface treatment in the mechanism of adhesion was examined with scanning electron microscopy. High-energy abrasion produced a slightly more detailed initial topography than conventional air abrasion, but after etching, the high-energy topography became much more detailed. Surface topography alone did not account for all differences found.
THE COLLABORATIVE DIVORCE PROJECT: A Court‐Based Intervention for Separating Parents with Young Children

The role the legal process of separation and divorce plays in affecting outcomes for young children and their families was examined in the Collaborative Divorce Project (CDP), an intervention designed to assist the parents of children six years old or younger as they begin the separation/divorce process (married and unmarried couples). Evaluation and outcome data were collected from 161 couples, their attorneys, teachers, and court records. In addition to positive evaluations from both parents, intervention families benefited through lower conflict, greater father involvement, and better outcomes for children than the control group. Attorneys and court records indicate that intervention families were more cooperative and were less likely to need custody evaluations and other costly services. The CDP illustrates how prevention programs can be located within the courts, can be systematically evaluated, and can aid in helping the legal system function optimally for families with young children.
Chaotic motion in a primordial comet disk beyond Neptune and comet influx to the Solar System

CHAOTIC dynamics, characterized by extremely sensitive dependence on initial conditions with exponential divergence of neighbouring trajectories and subsequent loss of predictability1, have recently been demonstrated to be quite common in the Solar System. The long-standing problems of the delivery of meteorites to Earth-crossing orbits2 and the existence of the Kirkwood gaps3 have essentially been solved by the discovery of the chaotic zones with divergence timescales of a few million years in the asteroid zone near orbital resonances of Jupiter3–7. It has also been demonstrated8 that the orbit of Pluto is chaotic with divergence timescales of ∼20 Myr. Numerical mapping techniques, which underestimate chaotic behaviour, have determined that orbits lying between the outer planets can exhibit chaotic motions9, and recent numerical studies10 have indicated that even the inner planets exhibit chaotic motion with divergence timescales of ∼5 Myr. Previous calculations11 using a heliocentric frame have shown that a scattered disk of cometesimals beyond Neptune develops chaotic motions with divergence timescales less than 1 Myr. Here we describe improved numerical simulations using a barycentric system and thus including the additional frequencies associated with motion of the Sun. Because the onset of chaotic motion is characterized by the appearance of broad-band noise, the inclusion of these additional perturbations should increase the likelihood of stochastic behaviour and thus the chaotic zone should be larger. Our results indeed indicate that comets in a low-eccentricity primordial disk beyond Neptune can exhibit chaotic motions which lead to interesting consequences for the dynamics of comets.
Estimation of binomial parameters when both n, p are unknown

Abstract We revisit the classic problem of estimation of the binomial parameters when both parameters n , p are unknown. We start with a series of results that illustrate the fundamental difficulties in the problem. Specifically, we establish lack of unbiased estimates for essentially any functions of just n or just p . We also quantify just how badly biased the sample maximum is as an estimator of n . Then, we motivate and present two new estimators of n . One is a new moment estimate and the other is a bias correction of the sample maximum. Both are easy to motivate, compute, and jackknife. The second estimate frequently beats most common estimates of n in the simulations, including the Carroll–Lombard estimate. This estimate is very promising. We end with a family of estimates for p ; a specific one from the family is compared to the presently common estimate max { 1 - S 2 / X ¯ , 0 } and the improvements in mean-squared error are often very significant. In all cases, the asymptotics are derived in one domain. Some other possible estimates such as a truncated MLE and empirical Bayes methods are briefly discussed.
Ligand binding alters the backbone mobility of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as monitored by 15N NMR relaxation and 1H exchange.

The backbone dynamics of the liganded (holo) and unliganded (apo) forms of Escherichia coli-derived rat intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) have been characterized and compared using ami...
Increased antenatal glucocorticoid use decreases mortality and morbidity in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network's very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.• 1269

Increased antenatal glucocorticoid use decreases mortality and morbidity in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network's very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.• 1269
Vertical thermal O+ flows at 850 km in dynamic auroral boundary coordinates

[1] Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species-dependent dynamics. Energetic O+ has significant consequences for the energy stored in the ring current, the rate of reconnection, and perhaps the timing of substorm injections. The mechanism by which thermal O+ escapes from the top of the ionosphere and into the magnetosphere is not fully understood. Previous studies have used dynamic auroral boundary coordinates to describe the outflowing energetic O+ ions above the ionosphere. In this study we focus on the vertical flow of O+ ions at lower altitudes before they are accelerated to escape velocity. An algorithm has been devised to identify auroral zone boundaries using precipitating electron observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. Vertical ion flows measured by the DMSP special sensor for ions electrons and scintillation ion drift meter and the retarding potential analyzer instruments aboard the F12 (noon-midnight) and F13 (dawn-dusk) spacecraft from 1997 to 1998 were projected into dynamic auroral boundary coordinates and used to investigate the dependence of Southern Hemisphere bulk flows on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and geomagnetic conditions. Initial results show that (1) net upward flows occur primarily in the auroral zone and net downward flows occur primarily in the polar cap, (2) there exists a strong upward flow at 9 magnetic local time (MLT) near the polar cap boundary, 3) the downward ion flow orientation is strongly dependent on IMF By, and 4) the auroral boundary does not coincide exactly with the upward/downward boundary for bulk flows.
Should oncologists measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC1 and RRM1 in non-small-cell lung cancer?

Should oncologists measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC1 and RRM1 in non-small-cell lung cancer?
The soluble subgroups and the Tits alternative in linear groups over rings of fractions of polycylic group rings, I

Let KH be a group ring of a polycyclic-by-finite group and let R be its Goldie ring of fractions. In this first paper in a series of two we study the soluble subgroups of the linear group GLn(R) and show in particular that there exists a bound for their solubility class; we will show in the second paper that the subgroups of GLn(R) satisfy the Tits alternative.
Understanding the Rotational Mechanism of a Single Molecule: STM and DFT Investigations of Dimethyl Sulfide Molecular Rotors on Au(111)

Thioether molecules are an ideal surface-mounted rotor system that allows many fundamental properties of molecular rotors to be studied and quantified. Recent work on thioether molecular rotors has revealed that their rotation can be controlled thermally, electrically, and mechanically. This study combines scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations to investigate the rotational properties of a simple thioether molecule, dimethyl sulfide. Experimental studies showed a very low barrier to rotation for dimethyl sulfide (it rotated >103 Hz at 5 K) and this barrier was calculated theoretically. Also, using theoretical methods the minimum energy adsorption site was determined and the mechanism of rotation was elucidated. Our results indicate that the rotation of a small, simple molecule is actually rather complex; as the CH3 groups of dimethyl sulfide rotate around the Au−S bond, the central S atom precesses around a surface Au atom.
Temporal stability of lipid responses to acute psychological stress in middle-aged men

The purpose of this study was to establish the temporal stability of lipid responses to acute psychological stress. Eighteen men were tested twice an average of 16.2 months apart in identical laboratory reactivity protocols. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, plasma volume, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed during rest, serial subtraction, and speech. After correction for changes in plasma volume, significant elevations were recorded for all variables during the speech task, but fewer variables showed changes during the serial subtraction task. Strong intersession associations were found when considering levels of the variables during baseline and stress (rs > or = .58). Correlations for the change scores ranged from .36 to .52 for the atherogenic lipids and from .39 to .87 for the cardiovascular variables. Little evidence was found for stability of plasma volume changes. There is moderate to high temporal stability of the atherogenic lipids when considering rest and stress levels and small to moderate temporal stability when considering change scores.
Simulation of F-Actin Filaments of Several Microns

Here we report the results of applying substructure synthesis method to the simulation of F-actin filaments of several microns in length. The elastic deformational modes of long F-actin filaments were generated from the vibrational modes of the 13-subunit repeat of F-actin using a hierarchical synthesis scheme. The computationally synthesized deformational modes, in the very low-frequency regime, are in good agreement with theoretical solutions for long homogeneous elastic rods, which confirmed the usefulness of substructure synthesis method. Other low-frequency modes carry rich local deformational features that are unique to F-actins. All these modes thus provide a theoretical basis set for a description of spontaneously occurring thermal deformations, such as undulations, of the filaments. The results demonstrate that substructure synthesis method, as a method for computational modal analysis, is capable of scaling up the microscopic dynamic information, obtained from atomistic simulations, to a wide range of macroscopic length scale. Moreover, the combination of substructure synthesis method and hierarchical synthesis scheme provides an effective way in dealing with complex systems of periodic repeats that are abundant in cells.
Effects of Atorvastatin on Resting and Peak Exercise Blood Pressure among Normotensive Men and Women

Statins are the most widely prescribed and effective medication for reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statins may also lower resting blood pressure (BP); however, results are inconsistent. We sought to determine if the maximum dose of atorvastatin reduces resting BP and the peak systolic BP (SBP) achieved on a graded exercise stress test (GEST) among a large sample of 419 healthy men (48%) and women (52%). Subjects (419, yr) were double-blinded and randomized to 80 mgd−1 of atorvastatin () or placebo () for 6 mo. Among the total sample, there were no differences in resting BP (SBP, ; diastolic BP [DBP], ; mean arterial pressure (); or peak SBP on a GEST ()) over 6 mo, regardless of drug treatment group. However, among women on atorvastatin, resting SBP/DBP ( mmHg, mmHg, ) and peak SBP on a GEST ( mmHg, ) were lower versus men. Atorvastatin lowered resting BP 3-4 mmHg and peak SBP on a GEST ~7 mmHg more among women than men over 6 mo of treatment. The inconsistent findings regarding the antihypertensive effects of statins may be partially explained by not accounting for sex effects.
Effects of starvation, oscillating temperatures, and photoperiod on the critical thermal maximum of hybrid striped×white bass

Abstract 1. 1.|A 1°C increase in constant acclimation temperature over a range of 6.5 to 33.1°C increased the critical thermal maximum (CTM) by 0.47°C for both starved and satiated hybrid bass; however, the CTM of starved fish averaged 0.35°C lower than satiated fish. 2. 2.|If the mean daily temperature was at least 24°C, diel oscillating temperatures of ±4°C amplitude increased the CTM. 3. 3.|With a mean daily temperature of 20°C, oscillating temperatures had no effect on the CTM for satiated fish and the CTM for starved fish was reduced. 4. 4.|Photoperiod had no discernible effect on CTM.
Preoptic recess ablation selectively increases baroreflex sensitivity to angiotensin II in conscious rats.

Abstract Angiotensin II (ANG II) attenuates baroreflex sensitivity through central pathways. However, the specific CNS sites where ANG II inhibits baroreflexes are not completely understood. The periventricular tissue of the anteroventral third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) mediates several responses to centrally and peripherally administered ANG II. Therefore, these studies determined the effects of bilateral electrolytic ablation of AV3V periventricular tissue on reflex-induced changes in heart rate during pressor and depressor responses evoked by IV administration of phenylephrine (PE), ANG II, and nitroprusside (NP). Animals were prepared with catheters in the femoral artery and vein 10–14 days following AV3V ablation or control (CONT) surgery. The following day, baroreflex sensitivity in the conscious animals was evaluated as the slope of the regression line relating blood pressure and heart rate during IV infusion (1 min) of three doses of PE, ANG II, and NP. Baroreflex sensitivity during PE and NP infusion were equivalent in AV3V-lesioned and CONT animals. However, animals with AV3V lesions demonstrated significantly greater baroreflex sensitivity during ANG II infusion than both PE-treated AV3V-lesioned animals and ANG II-treated CONT animals. These data suggest that the impairment of baroreflex-induced bradycardia during pressor responses evoked by ANG II is mediated by tissue located in the AV3V region.
Moral Debate on the Arms Race and its Economic Implications

The relation between moral judgements, policy decisions and economic implications is a challenging subject for analysis, especially when the isues are the arms race and war‐fighting capabilities. How to translate moral judgements into policy decisions with their economic consequences is a complex and troublesome question because of the enormous stakes for national and worldwide survival. The problem confronting us is clearly illustrated by the US Catholic bishops' pastoral letter, The Challenge of Peace, May 1983, which addressed the moral dimension of the nuclear arms race and warfare without coming to grips adequately with the issues of policy decisions and economy which their moral conclusions raised. Their later pastoral letter, Economic Justice for All: Catholic Social Teaching and the US Economy, November 1986, compounded their failure by omitting to confront directly the economic implications of translating their moral conclusions into practical policies. The economic side of the arms race is a concern which must be recognised and addressed if policy decisions are to be made effective. The harshest critics of The Challenge of Peace have noted this failure realistically to confront policy decisions in terms of geopolitical, strategic and economic consequences.
Full-field CD control for sub-0.20-μm patterning

DUV scanning exposure systems have been steadily gaining market acceptance for the past five years, and soon, all major suppliers will offer 248-nm scanning tools. One of the major reasons for the emergence of this technology has been the purported improvement in critical dimension (CD) uniformity across the scanned field versus what can be realized in a full field stepper. Using high precision electrical resistance CD metrology, we have characterized the across field CD control capability of several DUV scanning tools and DUV steppers. Analysis is carried out through focus for multiple linetypes representing various orientations and nearest-neighbor proximities. Where possible, different NA/(sigma) combinations are examined as well. Surprisingly good full field sub-0.20 micrometers CD control is obtained even for 0.50 NA, and higher NA allows for non zero process latitude at 0.14 micrometers geometries. While it was initially anticipated that 193 nm ArF lithography would be required for 0.18 micrometers technology manufacturing, it has become apparent that 248 nm lithography will be employed for these groundrules, particularly for logic applications with predominantly semi-isolated features.