cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Axial Behavior of Drilled Foundations

In this chapter, four representative types of drilled foundations (drilled shafts, augered cast-in-place piles, pressure-injected footings, and micropiles) are examined from the standpoint of axial capacity evaluation, generalized behavior, and normalized load-displacement response. The author shows how the capacities can be computed rationally, taking into account the particular characteristics of each foundation type. The author notes that the results agree well with the interpreted failure load from field load tests. The interpreted failure load also is linked consistently and simply to the elastic limit and the conventional slope tangent methods for interpreting compression and uplift load test results. The displacements exhibit consistent patterns of behavior in compression and uplift, at both the interpreted failure load and elastic limit. The author concludes that these results will be useful for better understanding axial foundation behavior over a range of drilled foundation types.
NON-INVASIVE DETECTION OF CARDIAC SPECIALIZED CONDUCTION SYSTEM POTENTIALS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

NON-INVASIVE DETECTION OF CARDIAC SPECIALIZED CONDUCTION SYSTEM POTENTIALS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Pupil engineering for a confocal reflectance line-scanning microscope

Confocal reflectance microscopy may enable screening and diagnosis of skin cancers noninvasively and in real-time, as an adjunct to biopsy and pathology. Current confocal point-scanning systems are large, complex, and expensive. A confocal line-scanning microscope, utilizing a of linear array detector can be simpler, smaller, less expensive, and may accelerate the translation of confocal microscopy in clinical and surgical dermatology. A line scanner may be implemented with a divided-pupil, half used for transmission and half for detection, or with a full-pupil using a beamsplitter. The premise is that a confocal line-scanner with either a divided-pupil or a full-pupil will provide high resolution and optical sectioning that would be competitive to that of the standard confocal point-scanner. We have developed a confocal line-scanner that combines both divided-pupil and full-pupil configurations. This combined-pupil prototype is being evaluated to determine the advantages and limitations of each configuration for imaging skin, and comparison of performance to that of commercially available standard confocal point-scanning microscopes. With the combined configuration, experimental evaluation of line spread functions (LSFs), contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, and imaging performance is in progress under identical optical and skin conditions. Experimental comparisons between divided-pupil and full-pupil LSFs will be used to determine imaging performance. Both results will be compared to theoretical calculations using our previously reported Fourier analysis model and to the confocal point spread function (PSF). These results may lead to a simpler class of confocal reflectance scanning microscopes for clinical and surgical dermatology.
Host specificity tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and G. pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), potential biological control agents of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae)

Abstract Host specificity tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and Galerucella pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were conducted under quarantine to determine the suitability of these beetles as biological control agents of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., an aggressive emergent aquatic weed of Eurasian origin. Both species of imported Eurasian beetles, natural enemies of purple loosestrife, were tested on 15 species of plants from nine families within six orders. The plants were selected on the basis of preliminary tests by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International Institute of Biological Control. Adult G. calmariensis readily fed and oviposited on Lagerstroemia indica L., Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell., and Lythrum alatum Pursh. However, only L. alatum and Lythrum virgatum L., besides the target host purple loosestrife, supported larval development beyond the first instar to the adult stage. Test plants outside the Lythraceae showed minimal feeding or oviposition and were not suitable as hosts. Feeding by adult G. pusilla was confined to members of the Lythraceae. Of the five test plants that were accepted for oviposition, only two (L. virgatum and L. alatum) were suitable for larval development past the first instar. As L. virgatum is considered taxonomically similar to L. salicaria, it appears that the only test plant that is a suitable host for both Galerucella spp., besides the target plant, is L. alatum. These results suggest that both species of beetles are highly host specific and should not be a threat to nontarget plants with the exception of L. alatum.
A web for all reasons: uses and gratifications of internet components for political information

This study surveyed politically interested Internet users online during the 2000 presidential election to examine their motives for using Web, bulletin boards/electronic mailing lists and chat forums for political information and to determine whether political attitudes, Internet experience and personal characteristics predict Internet use motivations. The findings indicate that each Internet component satisfies slightly different needs, which can be predicted by some political attitudes and demographics, and Internet experience. Additionally, results from this study are compared to findings from an earlier study of politically interested Web users during the 1996 presidential election.
The Interactive Effects of Psychological Capital and Organizational Identity on Employee Organizational Citizenship and Deviance Behaviors

We studied 199 working adults from a cross section of organizations in the United States to examine the relationship between positive psychological capital and organizational identity on employee deviance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Organizational identity was found to moderate the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and both employee deviance and organizational citizenship behaviors such that employees highest in PsyCap and most strongly identified with the organization were most likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors and least likely to engage in deviance behaviors. We discuss implications for research and practice in the areas of PsyCap and employee identification with the organization.
Exogenous Glucose Administration Impairs Glucose Tolerance and Pancreatic Insulin Secretion during Acute Sepsis in Non-Diabetic Mice

Objectives: The development of hyperglycemia and the use of early parenteral feeding are associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. We therefore examined the impact of exogenous glucose administration on the integrated metabolic function of endotoxemic mice using our recently developed frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). We next extended our findings using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model administered early parenteral glucose support. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice, 8-12 weeks, were instrumented with chronic indwelling arterial and venous catheters. Endotoxemia was initiated with intra-arterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg) in the presence of saline or glucose infusion (100 µL/hr), and an FSIVGTT was performed after five hours. In a second experiment, catheterized mice underwent CLP and the impact of early parenteral glucose administration on glucose homeostasis and mortality was assessed over 24 hrs. Measurements: And MAIN RESULTS: Administration of LPS alone did not impair metabolic function, whereas glucose administration alone induced an insulin sensitive state. In contrast, LPS and glucose combined caused marked glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and significantly impaired pancreatic insulin secretion. Similarly, CLP mice receiving parenteral glucose developed fulminant hyperglycemia within 18 hrs (all > 600 mg/dl) associated with increased systemic cytokine release and 40% mortality, whereas CLP alone (85 ± 2 mg/dL) or sham mice receiving parenteral glucose (113 ± 3 mg/dL) all survived and were not hyperglycemic. Despite profound hyperglycemia, plasma insulin in the CLP glucose-infused mice (3.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml) was not higher than sham glucose infused mice (2.1 ± 0.3 ng/ml). Conclusions: The combination of parenteral glucose support and the systemic inflammatory response in the acute phase of sepsis induces profound insulin resistance and impairs compensatory pancreatic insulin secretion, leading to the development of fulminant hyperglycemia.
Forecasting via the Box-Jenkins method

In numerous marketing studies, there is a need for adequate and appropriate forecasting methods. The Box-Jenkins model-building technique for discrete, correlated data points is described for both univariate and multivariate input-output models, yielding minimum mean square error forecasts. The procedure is applicable where at least fifty observations occurring at equally spaced time intervals are available.
Magnetic Bloch function and its application to FQHE

In the present work we have constructed the orthonormal complete set of spatially extended magnetic Block functions in the subspace of the lowest landau level which can be uniquely represented by the Hilbert space of entire functions,i.e. the Fock-Bargman space, and discussed its application to the problem of fractional quantum Hall effect.
Source exchanger for an electrostatic accelerator

Abstract A device is described which allows an R.F. ion source to be exchanged with an electron gun in the terminal of a pressure electrostatic accelerator without opening the pressure tank. The polarity of the accelerator may thus be changed by remote control. Conversion from positive ion acceleration to acceleration of large, well focused electron beams is achieved in less than 30 minutes.
Solar wind flows associated with hot heavy ions

Solar wind heavy ion spectra measured with the Vela instrumentation are studied to determine the solar origins of various solar wind structures which contain anomalously high ionization states. The spectra indicating hot coronal conditions were found to occur in 1/7th of all measurements and almost exclusively in postshock flows, nonshock related helium abundance enhancements, or noncompressive density enhancements. The observation of several flared-related helium abundance enhancements suggests that the flare-heated plasma can evolve into the solar wind without producing a noticeable shock at 1 AU.
3. Consensual and Legal Marital Unions in Costa Rica

In a Costa Rican study comparing fertility levels of women living in consensual unions with those living in legal unions no relationship was observed between fertility and the type of union. This finding differed from the findings obtained in a number of previous investigations conducted in several Caribbean and Latin American countries. In these investigations consensual unions were observed to have a depressing effect on fertility. These studies were conducted among population groups which tended to be characterized by a shortage of males. Perhaps the shortage of males was responsible for both the large number of consensual unions as well as the reduced fertility levels. The data used in the present analysis was derived from interviews conducted with 295 couples living in consensual unions and 985 couples living in legal unions. More than 3/4 of the respondents were white a little less than 1/4 were Indian and only a few were black. Information was collected on a number of socioeconomic and psychological variables as well as on family planning knowledge and attitudes. Women in consensual and legal unions were similar in terms of the number of live births and conceptions they had experienced. They did differ however on a number of other variables which were indicative of social class differences. Women in consensual unions exhibited traits generally associated with lower class status. In order to determine whether social class differences were masking a depressing effect of consensual unions on fertility fertility levels between the 2 union groups were compared while controlling for social class differences. Even when social class was controlled no significant difference was observed in the fertility levels of the 2 groups. Tables provide data on: 1) % distribution of respondents on 27 selected variables by type of union; and 2) the results of the correlation analysis.
Women's liberation groups as a primary preventive mental health strategy

As a preventive mental health worker in a community mental health center, I considered it part of my role to explore the possible therapeutic value of women's liberation groups in the community. I was particularly concerned with countering the sense of isolation and powerlessness prevalent among female adults in our suburban catchment area. Subsequent investigation and participant observation of women's groups bore out my expectation that many of the goals, premises, and methods of preventive mental health were compatible with those of women's liberation groups. These groups provided a very effective framework for personal as well as interpersonal and sociocultural change in the direction of psychological growth.
Distributed Bayesian hypothesis testing with distributed data fusion

The problem of distributed Bayesian hypothesis testing with distributed data fusion is examined. In the distributed data fusion configuration, some signal processing is done locally at the sensors and the partial results are transmitted to the other sensors for further processing and fusion. Global results are obtained at each of the sensors. This system configuration is attractive for many applications from the survivability point of view. The problem is formulated, and optimum decision rules and fusion schemes are obtained that minimize the Bayesian risk at each sensor. An example is presented for illustration. >
Two managerial economics approaches to the R&D decision process

In this paper we present two different approaches that analyze the effects of rivals on the R&D decision process. The first approach assumes that the introduction time of the new product is uncertain to the manager. Given this assumption, the problem is analyzed in a framework similar to the one suggested by Kamien and Schwartz (1972). The second approch assumes technical certainty to study a set of models that extends and supports different views in the managerial economics literature regarding the properties of the R&D decision process from both private and social points of view.
Electrochemical Measurements of Elevated‐Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of Certain Iron and Manganese Oxide Mixtures

Measurements have been made in the temperature range 750° to 1050°C. of the temperature dependence of the electromotive force of the solid-electrolyte galvanic cells and from these data the variation with temperature of the relative partial molar free energy of oxygen on the right side of the foregoing cells was calculated. In the case of the first of these cells, a favorable comparison was made between the present values of this thermodynamic quantity and those predicted from published thermodynamic data for this oxide mixture. The lack of gas equilibria data for the manganese oxide mixture prevented such a comparison in the second instance, however, and there were substantial discrepancies between the present values of the relative partial molar free energy of oxygen and those obtained from published calorimetric data. This disparity in results was rationalized on the basis of possible differences in the metal-oxygen ratio for the manganese oxide specimens measured by the two different techniques.
Processing characteristics of PET/PEN blends, part 2: Rheology and degradation kinetics

Blends and copolyesters of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate), PET/PEN, have shown promise in high performance container applications. In the first part of this series on the processing characteristics of PET/PEN blends, we investigated the applicability of reaction kinetics to predict the critical transesterification temperature during processing and the influence of the equilibrium melting point of the miscible blends on the critical transesterification temperature. In the present work, we have studied both the rheology and degradation kinetics of the blends as a function of material composition. Melt viscosity loss was measured as a function of time and temperature. Activation energies for degradation were calculated from experimental data. Results show that blends containing a minimum of 10% PEN by weight are as stable as PEN in terms of thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation. Addition of low amounts of PEN to PET causes a depression in melt viscosity. A critical composition of 10% PEN by weight is required before an increase in blend viscosity is observed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 22: 147–154, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10045
A Fast Processor for Monte-Carlo Simulation

Abstract A special purpose processor for Monte-Carlo simulation of the three-dimensional Ising model is described. This device performs the Monte-Carlo updating algorithm on 25 million spins per second on a 64 3 lattice. The device is also capable of measuring the energy and magnetization of the system or passing the updated lattice to a host computer.
Evidence-based medicine: neuroimaging of seizures.

Neuroimaging technology has evolved rapidly since the early1970s. Consequently, the sensitivity and specificity of neuroimaging examinations such as CT and MR imaging have dramatically improved. Pathology that previously could not be imaged is now easily revealed using contemporary imaging. Reports of the accuracy of contemporary neuroimaging procedures are limited to recent studies. Seizures occur as the result of an electrical discharge in the brain. Epilepsy is a disease characterized by more than one seizure. The International League Against Epilepsy [1] has proposed a classification system for the epileptic syndromes, epilepsies, and related seizure disorders. Five main parameters are considered: age, the context of the cause (idiopathic, cryptogenic, or symptomatic), electroclinical features (partial versus generalized), prognosis (benign, malignant), and the response to treatment (responsive versus refractory epilepsy). Symptomatic seizures are divided into acute and remote types. Acute symptomatic seizures occur as the result of a proximate precipitant, such as fever, electrolyte imbalance, drug intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, brain trauma, central nervous system (CNS) infection, or neoplasm. In remote symptomatic seizures, the lesion is pre-existent, and the seizure is the main or only symptom. In cryptogenic seizures (or epilepsy), no cause can be found, even though a cause is suspected. In generalized epilepsies, no abnormal focal area in the brain is globally affected. In idiopathic generalized epilepsies, there is no clear macrostructural cause for the epilepsy, and genetic factors are presumed to be predominant. The term unprovoked seizure is used for seizures without a clear origin from the clinical examination. They may turn out to be cryptogenic, idiopathic, or remote symptomatic after the appropriate work-up. Structural neuroimaging, namely, CT and MR imaging, is normal in idiopathic and cryptogenic seizures and confirms the diagnosis. In acute and remote symptomatic seizures, neuroimaging may identify focal brain lesions that are epileptogenic.
Physiologic and subjective changes from smokeless tobacco withdrawal

This study prospectively examined withdrawal symptoms in persons using Copenhagen smokeless tobacco and in persons smoking cigarettes. Smokeless tobacco chewers (N = 16) and cigarette smokers (N = 11) were examined during a 6-day period, during which time a number of measures were administered. Subjects used smokeless tobacco or smoked cigarettes on an ad libitum basis for a 3-day baseline period and then underwent tobacco deprivation. The significant changes that occurred relative to baseline after smokeless tobacco deprivation included decreased heart rate and orthostatic pulse change and increased craving for tobacco, confusion, eating, number of awakenings, and total scores on a withdrawal symptoms checklist for both self-rated and observer-rated measures. There were more changes and changes of greater severity among cigarette smokers.
Biotinidase deficiency in black children.

9. Martin L, Ryckman F, Sheldon C. Experience with 95% pancreatectomy and splenic salvage for neonatal nesidioblastosis. Ann Surg 1984;200:355-62. 10. Wilson D, Carson D, Quinn R. Long-term use of somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 in the treatment of hypoglycemia due to nesidioblastosis. Acta Paediatr Scand 1988;77:467-70. 11. Jackson JA, Hahn HB, Oltorf CE, O'Dorisio TM, Vinik AI. Long-term treatment of refractory neonatal hypoglycemia with long-acting somatostatin analog. J PEDIATR 1987;111: 548-51. 12. Jackson JA, Hahn HB, Oltorf CE. Long-acting somatostatin analog in refractory neonatal hypoglycemia: follow-up information [Letter]. J PEDIATR 1988;113:1118.
Coupling two-dimensional and axisymmetric boundary element zones for transient heat transfer applications

A dual reciprocity boundary element formulation using quadratic elements is presented for coupling two-dimensional and axisymmetric zones for transient heat transfer applications. The time-dependent modified Helmholtz and diffusion equations govern the two-dimensional and axisymmetric zones, respectively. Turbine jet engines and turbo-machines are two applications where the coupling strategy can be used in the aerospace industry. Rotating machinery or disks are modeled as axisymmetric zones while extended surfaces such as fins or blades are considered two-dimensional. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed coupling technique.
A discrete sequence in a platelet integrin is involved in ligand recognition

PLATELET membrane glycoprotein Ilb-IIIa (gpIIb-IIIa; αllb-β3), the most prominent member of the integrin family of adhesion receptors on these cells, mediates platelet aggregation by binding fibrinogen and is critical in thrombosis and haemostasis1-5. A short amino-acid sequence at the carboxy terminus of the γ chain of fibrinogen is recognized by gpIIb-IIIa (ref. 6) and peptides containing this sequence are selectively crosslinked to residues 294-314 of gpllb (ref. 7). Here we show that an 11-residue peptide from this region of gpllb inhibits platelet aggregation and binding of fibrinogen to platelets and to purified gpIIb-IIIa, and that it interacts directly with fibrinogen. These results implicate this segment of gpIIb-IIIa in the ligand-binding function of the receptor. Moreover, as this region is highly conserved among integrins, it may have a general function in ligand recognition by this broadly distributed family of adhesion receptors.
Comment on the applicability of Urbach's rule to molecular crystals

Abstract The extent to which the absorption profile below the first exciton band can be predicted without recourse to resonance transfer and strong exciton—phonon coupling is evaluated for a crystal transition derived from a moderately intense free molecule transition. It is argued, on the basis of a simple model, that Urbach rule behavior can arise from the same class of weak exciton—phonon interactions that determine hot band absorption shapes.
Greenland flow variability from ice-sheet-wide velocity mapping

Using RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar data, we have mapped the flow velocity over much of the Greenland ice sheet for the winters of 2000/01 and 2005/06. These maps provide a detailed view of the ice-sheet flow, including that of the hundreds of glaciers draining the interior. The focused patterns of flow at the coast suggest a strong influence of bedrock topography. Differences between our two maps confirm numerous early observations of accelerated outlet glacier flow as well as revealing previously unrecognized changes. The overall pattern is one of speed-up accompanied by terminus retreat, but there are also several instances of surge behavior and a few cases of glacier slowdown. Comprehensive mappings such as these, at regular intervals, provide an important new observational capability for understanding ice-sheet variability.
Anatomy of the Atrioventricular Conduction System in Ventricular Septal Defect

The major parts of the atrioventricular conduction system of the human heart were traced in 21 instances of ventricular septal defect: 19 were examples of variously located uncomplicated ventricular septal defects and two of the tetralogy of Fallot. In the presence of a ventricular septal defect, the conduction system was found to have a normal course, except when the ventricular septal defect lay in a position normally occupied by the conduction system. In each specimen with a defect posterior and inferior to the crista supraventricularis, the conduction system occupied a position posterior and inferior to the defect. In no instance did the conduction system occupy a position superior to a defect of this type. Defects located in the posterobasal portion of the muscular part of the ventricular septum sometimes were posterior to the main parts of the conduction system, so that the conduction tissue was related to the anterior edge of the defect. No example of a defect lying superior to the crista supravent...
Interstitial pancreatitis in the congenital rubella syndrome.

T I-I E ~ A R L I E 1~ descriptions of the congenital rubella syndrome included cataracts, perceptive deafness, central nervous system damage, and various cardiac anomalies. In the wake of the 1964 to 1965 rubella pandemic, multiple new facets of this disease entity, e.g., encephalitis, myocarditis, chorioretinitis, interstitial pneumonitis , hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and other lesions, contingent on continual virus cell interaction, have been identified. 1-4 T h e purpose of this communiqu~ is to describe an additional component of the expanded congenital rubella syndrome, namely, interstitial pancreatitis.
Selection of Layers for Rapid Recovery from Stress

Abstract A one-generation experiment was conducted to evaluate response to selection of layers for rapid recovery from stress and to estimate genetic parameters associated with the selected trait. Stress was induced at 55 weeks of age and maintained for 8 days on 1450 laying hens of a randombred White Leghorn population. Egg production persisted an average of 3.5 days after onset of stress and had ceased in all birds by 8 days. Average recovery time, from cessation of lay to first poststress egg, was 27.1 days, and heritability estimated from the sire component of variance was .30 for the selected trait. Hens with higher rates of lay resumed production sooner after stress and tended to continue production longer during stress. Selection of 11% of layers in generation 0 with shortest recovery time in each of 11 replicates resulted in a significant (P
Magnetization of a Uniformly Interacting System of Spins

It is shown that, for the uniformly interacting system of spins introduced by Kittel and Shore, an exact result for the magnetization is obtained using a Hartree-Fock approximation in terms of a boson distribution.
A Real Time Precision Measurement Technique for Low Loss Optical Polymeric Waveguide

Optical polymer waveguide is a key passive component for the optical interconnection. Design and fabrication of high performance waveguides has a critical importance for the success of optoelectronic integration. We present here a fast, non-destructive, sensitive, and real-time technique for detailed investigation of the propagation properties of planar optical waveguides. We use this technique to have demonstrated high performance polymer waveguides on PCB substrates with propagation loss less than 0.05 dB/cm. To the best of our knowledge, this was in the lowest loss date range reported for polymer waveguides on PCB substrates to date. A high sensitive CCD camera with a built-in integration function is utilized to observe the light streak in two dimensions through a two lens imaging system. A few seconds to a few ten seconds depends on the beam scattering intensity is needed for complete one measurement, compared to the sliding prism method requiring several hours and cutback method requiring even longer time. This technique can not only be used to evaluate the overall performance of a waveguide but also local waveguide performance and in-situ investigation of the propagation properties (defect effect, mode profile, bending properties, etc.). It can be extended to monitor the process of waveguide fabrication and alignment control during the assembly for the optical circuit integration.
A comparison of agonistic behaviour of colonial web-building spiders from desert and tropical habitats

The agonistic behaviour of two species of colonial spiders, Metepeira sp. a (atascadero), and M. incrassata, from desert and tropical habitats, respectively, in Mexico, were compared by observing induced interactions between immature and/or female spiders at natural web sites. Individuals of the desert species showed a greater tendency to escalate to potentially damaging behaviour, whereas the tropical species exhibited primarily low-intensity aggressive behaviour. In both species, greater body mass determined which spider gained possession of the web in unequally matched contests, whereas in equally matched contests, web residents won more often than did intruders. Desert spider conflicts were of significantly longer duration than tropical spider conflicts. The significance of these results for understanding the evolution of social behaviour in spiders is discussed.
A Far-Ultraviolet Study of the Old Nova V841 Ophiuchi

We have carried out a synthetic spectral analysis of archival International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra of the old nova V841 Oph (Nova Oph 1848) taken 15 years apart. The spectra reveal a rising continuum shortward of 1560 A u ,aC iv P Cygni profile indicative of wind outflow associated with disk accretion in one spectrum, a deep Lya profile, and strong N v (1238 A u , 1242 A u ) and O v (1371 A u ) wind/coronal absorption lines. Numerous sharp interstellar resonance lines are also present. A grid of high-gravity atmospheres and accretion disk models spanning a wide range of inclinations, accretion rates, and white dwarf masses was compared to the dereddened spectra. We find that for a steady-state accretion disk model to account for the FUV spectra, the accretion rate is only ∼ yr 1 , 147 yr after its outburst in 1848, with an implied distance within 11 3 # 10 M, ∼300 pc. The accretion rate at 147 yr postoutburst is smaller than expected for an old nova.
Immunogenic versus tolerogenic dendritic cells: a matter of maturation.

Work ongoing since the early 1970's has shown that dendritic cells (DC) are critical regulators of immunity to pathogens. This function is in part due to a potent capacity of DC to activate naive T...
An approach to short interval scheduling for discrete parts manufacturing

Abstract This paper presents an approach to short interval scheduling as applied to two industrial cases involving discrete parts manufacturing. The approach is based on a concept for MAnufacturing DEcision MAking (MADEMA) which makes task-resource assignments for work centres consisting of a number of production resources. MADEMA combines multi-criteria decision making with search methods and simulation in order to provide flexibility with respect to both the decision criteria applied and the trade-off between decision quality and computational effort.
Single curve for determining the order of an elliptic filter

A single curve is provided for determining the order of an elliptic filter. This is usually done with the aid of filter tables, nomographs, or digital computer programs. An example of application is given, and the accuracy problem is discussed. >
Hydrogenase cluster biosynthesis: organometallic chemistry nature's way

It has been over a decade now since it was revealed that the metal containing active sites of hydrogenases possess carbonyl and cyanide ligands bound to iron. The presence of these ligands in hydrogenases came as a surprise and to-date these ligands have not been observed to be associated with any other enzymatic metallocenter. The elucidation of the structures of these unique metalloenzymes and their associated metal clusters created opportunity for a number of different lines of research. For synthetic chemists, the structures of hydrogenase active sites have provided attractive targets for syntheses that advance our understanding of the electronic structure and reactivity of these unique enzyme active sites. These efforts contribute to the synthesis of first row transition metal catalysts for hydrogen oxidation and hydrogen production that could have significant impacts on alternative and renewable energy solutions. Although effective synthetic approaches have been identified to generate models with a high degree of similarity to these active sites, the details of how these metal clusters are synthesized biochemically have not been resolved. Since hydrogen metabolism is presumed to be an early feature in the energetics of life and hydrogen metabolizing organisms can be traced very early in molecular phylogeny, the metal clusters at hydrogenase active sites are presumed to be among the earliest of known co-factors. Comparison of mineral based precursors and synthetic cluster analog chemistry to what is observed in contemporary biological systems may shed light on how proto-metabolically relevant catalysts first arose prebiotically by the processes of adoption of pre-existing functionality and ligand assisted catalysis.
College Health Surveillance Network: Use of Health Services by USA College Students

With CDC funding we created and maintain a web-based de-identified medical records database from student health centers (SHCs) at a nationally representative sample of 22 universities. This was accomplished through five specific, interrelated processes. The resultant College Health Surveillance Network (CHSN) is an online resource of de-identified EMRs for over 702,000 students (approximately 900,000 visits per year). This sample is highly representative of the 108 four year research institutions nationally. Each participating IHE uploads data monthly to the secure website: confidential person ID, age, gender, student status, ethnicity/race, date of encounter, ICD-9 codes and CPT codes associated with the encounter.
Tau-functions, Grassmannians and rank one conditions

In integrable systems, specifically the KP hierarchy, there are functions known as ''tau-functions'', closely related to the Schur polynomials in terms of which they are often written. Although they are generally viewed as the solutions to a collection of nonlinear PDEs, in this note they will equivalently be characterized by a quadratic difference equation. Sato's theorem associates tau-functions to the points of a Grassmann manifold. To make that amazing theorem clear to non-experts, we will first show an analogous (but easily understood) example of a linear ODE and its solution from a flow on the xy-plane. In each case the solution is created via a flow generated by a certain linear operator. The question we pose is this: ''What other operators could have been used to generate solutions in the same way?'' Although the answer is well known in the ODE case, the question in the nonlinear case is the main result of our new paper. We will state the result and discuss its relationship to the ''trend'' of writing tau-functions in terms of matrices satisfying certain rank one conditions. The elucidation of a geometric interpretation of the Hirota bilinear difference equation (HBDE) is a key feature of the proof and will be briefly described.
Novel Inorganic Hydrogels Based on the Polymerization of Cyanometalate Transition Metal Complexes With [PdCl4]2-: A New Approach to Ceramic and Alloy Precursors

The reaction of a wide variety of cyanometalate complexes of the general form [M(CN){sub x}]{sup n{minus}} (where M = a transition metal ion) with square planar [PdCl{sub 4}]{sup 2{minus}} in aqueous solution leads to the formation of linear polymers. Polymerization occurs via substitution of chloride ligands on the Pd(II) centers, by the nitrogen end of the cyanide ligand to generate extended bridging cyanide structures. Upon generation at room temperature polymer solutions of this type undergo a sol-gel transition to generate robust hydrogels having water content in excess of 95%. In the case of the cyanocobaltate/tetrachloropalladate gel, pyrolysis at 900 C produces ferromagnetic Pd/Co metallic alloys having novel morphological character. Materials formed with a hydrogel having a 2:1 Pd to Co stoichiometry are found to be ``sponge-like``. When placed in water, the metallic matrix swells becoming pliable and holding up to seven equivalents of water per metal site. The conductivity and magnetic properties of this material are maintained in the swollen state. Sintering of the Pd/Co hydrogel in air generates the layered oxide, PbCoO{sub 2} having a delafossite structure.
Do We Still Need Bicarb? 329

Sodium bicarbonate (Bicarb) therapy for metabolic acidosis is a mainstay of current NICU care. Why? Bicarb undoubtedly raises pH -- so what? Specifically, does Bicarb produce any beneficial hemodynamic changes in either the systemic or pulmonary circulations in either healthy or ill organisms?
The association between major depression, health behaviors, and quality of life in adults with stroke

AimThe study aims to examine the association between major depression, healthcare behaviors, and quality of life indices among adults with stroke.MethodsData from 5869 participants with stroke in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey were examined. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between depression status, self-care and preventive health behaviors, and quality of life indices, after accounting for relevant covariates.ResultsIn multivariate models, individuals with major depression were less likely to engage in physical activity (odds ratio 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.29, 0.56) than those without major depression. Women with major depression were also less likely to have received a mammogram in the past two-years (odds ratio 0.61; 95% confidence interval 0.40, 0.96 for women ≥ age 40 and odds ratio 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.36, 0.72 for women ≥ age 50) and a pap smear in the past three-years (odds ratio 0.40; 95% CI 0.22, 0.72). In compari...
Comments on “Rocket Effluent: Its Ice Nucleation Activity and Related Properties”

Parungo and Allee (1978) reported ice nucleus (IN) measurements made from an aircraft in stabilized ground clouds from Titan III launches at KSC. They concluded from the measurements that the SGC contained IN. After an examination of the data the present authors (Hindman and Lala) argue that the filter devices were unable to detect IN in the SGC. In a reply Parungo and Allee attempt to refute this conclusion.
Direct measurement of fluid velocity in an electrospinning jet using particle image velocimetry

By observing the movement of small fluorescent particles in an electrospinning jet, we have directly measured the fluid velocity along the jet axis. The correlation between these direct velocity measurements and the velocity calculated from the jet radius using volume conservation indicates when evaporation is a significant factor. Measurements of the fluid properties of the solution used in the experiment allow us to construct a plot of Deborah number as a function of position along the jet. Our data also indicate transverse movement at the beginning of the fluid jet, potentially indicating the precursor to the macroscopic bending instability.
Angular-distribution parameters and R-matrix calculations of Ar 3s-1 → np Resonances

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra have been measured with 6 meV photon resolution for the Ar (n = 4 - 16) autoionization resonances in the energy range between 26 and 29.3 eV, using synchrotron light from an undulator beamline of the Advanced Light Source. Photoelectron angular distribution parameters have been parametrized according to the prescription of Kabachnik and Sazhina and have been compared with R-matrix calculations similar to those of Burke and Taylor. The agreement was found to be very good. We have also analysed the cross section shape for the first six resonances, confirming previous measurements performed for the lower resonances, and compared them with various calculations.
Temperature and Chemical Changes During Composting of Broiler Litter

Composting broiler litter (a mixture of manure, bedding material, and wasted feed) with commonly available high-C substrates may be a viable alternative to reduce current land disposal practices for litter. Broiler litter with wood shavings as a bedding material and broiler litter with peanut hulls as a bedding material were composted with wheat straw, peanut hulls, pine bark and paper mill sludge in 0.33 m3 batch reactors. Litters and C substrates were mixed to achieve C:N ratios of approximately 30:1. Dry weight, total N, total C, temperature, electrical conductivity and pH were determined at regular intervals. Maximum temperatures peaked near 70°C within 2.25 d after mixing peanut hulls with litter and within 2.58 d for pine bark and litter. Composts made from paper mill sludge approached 50°C within 3.71 d. Wheat straw composts never exceeded 40°C which could present potential health problems associated with pathogenic microorganisms. Mass loss and C:N ratio gradually declined and stabilized approxima...
Von Frey monofilament testing successfully discriminates between sensory function of mixed nerve and sensory nerve regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces

Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) transfer motor and sensory signals between amputee and prosthesis. Von Frey (VF) monofilaments are used clinically to evaluate sensory feedback but have not been validated at locations used in our rodent studies. Our purposes were to determine VF sensory test reliability at the ankle and thigh, and to evaluate sensory function of Mixed Nerve (MN) and Sensory Nerve (SN) RPNIs. For reliability testing, VF monofilaments were applied to Normal rats at the ankle and thigh in an up-down pattern. Paw Withdraw Thresholds were determined by alternately exceeding and reducing filament pressure. VF tests were then administered to experimental MN-RPNIs or SN-RPNIs. Reliability results at the ankle showed sensation did not vary over six weeks. At the thigh, reliability was similar during week 0 and 1, but with further testing sensation increased. Comparison between location found at weeks 0 and 1, the ankle was significantly more sensitive than the thigh (p<;0.05). VF administration to experimental animals revealed that the MN-PRNI group was significantly less sensitive than both the SN-RPNI and Normal groups (p<;0.05); while the SN-RPNI and Normal groups did not differ. VF monofilament testing was reliable and successful at distinguishing between sensations of normal skin with dense sensory endings (ankle) and disperse sensory endings (thigh). VF testing successfully discriminated between mixed and sensory nerve RPNI groups.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in 3 tertiary care centers

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical presentation, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients who were diagnosed with acute fatty liver of pregnancy over a 10-year period. Study design: This was a multicenter retrospective study of women with the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Records were reviewed for symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Results: Sixteen cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy were identified. Three of the 16 cases had multiple gestations (18%). Eleven of the 16 cases were diagnosed in the antepartum period, and 5 cases were diagnosed within 4 days after delivery. Nausea and vomiting were the most common symptoms (75%). There were 2 maternal deaths (12.5%) and 3 fetal deaths (15%). Conclusion: We recommend that patients with persistent nausea, vomiting, or epigastric pain in the third trimester receive evaluation of liver enzymes, renal function, and a complete blood count to rule out the diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
Quantum Nondemolition Measurements and the “Collapse” of the Wave Function

This book has dealt extensively with the interaction of optical apparatus with electromagnetic waves. With this background it is possible to analyze quantum measurements in the domain of optics. However, the point of view represented here is not confined to optics; it is an attempt to clarify some fundamental issues of the theory of quantum measurement. The interpretation of quantum measurements has long been the subject of controversy. The von Neumann postulate [8] “that the act of measurement projects the state of the observable into an eigenstate of the measurement apparatus” is a good working hypothesis for the interpretation of a quantum measurement. However, it has been criticized by Bell [9,185] as being an add-on to quantum theory, which describes the evolution of the states of physical observables by the Schrodinger equation. The “suddenness” of the collapse of the wave function into an eigenstate also contradicts physical intuition.
Action Spectra for Photosystems I and II in Formaldehyde Fixed Algae

Action spectra were obtained for photosystems I and II in chemically fixed algal cells and for photosystem I in unfixed lysozyme treated cells. Untreated algal cells yielded neither of the 2 light reactions with the reaction mixtures used. The action spectra for photosystem I in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans and red alga Porphyridium cruentum follow the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a with a small peak in the region of the accessory pigments. In the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa the photosystem I action spectrum follows the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a. Photosystem II action spectra in A. nidulans and P. cruentum follow the absorption spectra of the accessory pigments while that in C. pyrenoidosa is shifted slightly toward the blue spectral region. These results provide additional evidence that formaldehyde fixed cells are valid models for studying the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Imaging techniques through discrete scattering media by polarized pulse waves

Imaging through random media is an important problem with many applications including optical remote sensing and bio-optics. As the optical depth gets larger, the imaging resolution and contrast deteriorates because of the effect of scattering. In this paper, we present the solution to the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) and its application to the optical imaging problem. Since the incoherent component created by the scattering in random media is responsible for the deterioration of the quality of images, several techniques are proposed to improve the imaging by reducing the incoherent component. The Off-Axis Intensity Subtraction (OAIS) and Cross-Polarization Intensity Subtraction (CPIS) imaging techniques are based on the fact that off-axis and cross polarization contains most of the incoherent component. Photon Density Waves (PDW) is a frequency-domain method which exhibits less effect of multiple scattering from the random media. We investigate the techniques mentioned above using numerical solution of VRTE and show the effectiveness, the limitations and the conditions of these techniques. Because we consider the polarized pulse wave case, we also discuss the time-domain behavior and the application of time-gating to the imaging problem. The time-gating method is investigated in both position and duration. Since in practice an array of detectors are often used, we also include the effect of Field Of View of a detector (pixel FOV) in our calculations. We quantitatively measure the performance of imaging techniques by contrast. Also, we apply these techniques to numerical simulations of cross images and show the improvement of the quality of the images.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.