cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Acoustical Detection of Larvae Feeding Inside Kernels of Grain

An automated, computer-based electronic acoustic system was developed to quantify infestation of internally feeding larvae in a grain sample using spatial localization of insects in the sample. Localization was determined using arrival times of sounds produced by insect feeding activity as received by an array of acoustic transducers. In a test conducted with 0-3 fourth instars of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in 1-kg samples of wheat, the system overassessed the number of larvae present in 6% of the trials and underassessed the number of larvae present in 34% of the trials. When Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) standards were applied in evaluating performance, the system was 92% accurate in grading “clean” grain and 64% accurate in grading “infested” grain.
Quaternary Phase Equilibria vs. Strain-Energy at the In.53Ga.47As/InP Interface

Extensive new data and modeling in the In-Ga-As system has allowed the authors to reexamine the phase equilibria between the melt and the epitaxial solid. A detailed thermodynamic model was constructed with the following improvements: (1) The solid-solid interaction parameters were based on InAs-GaAs miscibility gap data, and (2) liquid-bulk solid, as well as liquid-epitaxial solid, tie-lines were used. Comparison of tie- lines from epitaxial systems and bulk systems demonstrated that strain energy is not the dominant factor in equilibrium growth of epitaxial solid films of In1-xGaxAs on any Ill-V binary substrate. Both the “lattice- pulling” effect and the “substrate-orientation” effect were shown to be caused by different quaternary equilibria at the In1-xGaxAs/InP interface, and not by film-substrate strain.
Effect of Exclusion of Hepatic Circulation on Oxidation of Octanoic Acid in the Rat.

SummaryThe oxidation of intravenously administered carboxyl-labeled octanoic acid was estimated in 2 groups of rats by continuously measuring and recording the expired C14O2 in a carbon-14 analyzer. In 5 normal rats an average of 27.4% of the administered dose of radioactivity was recovered in the expired air in one hour. In 5 rats in which the liver had been excluded from the circulation an average of 23.7% was recovered. These results suggest that extra-hepatic tissues of the rat are capable of oxidizing octanoic acid at nearly the same rate as the intact animal.
Experimental and Numerical Study in Thermal Design and Characteristics of Thermal Distribution in the Process Chamber

Thermal distribution has a critical effect on prototyping accuracy in rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing. Any uneven thermal distribution in the work bed of the prototyping machine process chamber will result in product distortion. In order to optimize the thermal distribution enhance product accuracy of product and guide future design efforts, a full understanding is necessary, of the characteristics of thermal distribution in the process chamber. This study will focus on how to design and control thermal distribution in the process chamber due to natural convection with experimental and numerical thermal model. For optimal thermal design, the computational fluid mechanics (CFD) approach is one of the most powerful tools. Both experimental and numerical studies of six design configurations for different source heater locations and baffle configurations are presented in this paper.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Construction of Spherical Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Using Tetra[(methylthio)methyl] silane as Ligand

This paper reports a study on the assembly of gold nanoparticles via a tetradentate organosulfur ligand, tetra[(methylthio)methyl] silane. We have characterized the evolution of the assembly from individual nanoparticles to spheres (30 ∼ 160 nm) of linked nanoparticles using UV-Visible, TEM, and AFM techniques. We have also demonstrated that the assemblies could be effectively disassembled via manipulating the ligand chemistry. Intriguing assembly-substrate interactions were observed, which could be related to interfacial hydrophobicity. Implications of these findings to the development of abilities in interfacial manipulation of the nanostructures are also discussed.
Strengthening the cultivation of team spirit of university library

Team spirit is the soul of university library which is of very important significance and plays a very important role in the construction of university librarian teams.In order to promote the development of library cause,the author believes that we should strengthen the cultivation of the team spirit from the following five aspects: to clarify the objective of the team,to elevate the leadership arts and skills,to perfect rules and regulations,to promote mutual understanding,and to map out a plan of professional development.
The application of 64 multislice spiral CT cerebral perfusion imaging and CT angiography in patients with TIA

Objective To evaluate the application of 64 multislice spiral CT cerebral perfusion imaging(CTP) and CT angiography(CTA)in patients with transient ischemie attacks(TIA).Methods Conventional cerebral plain CT,CTP and CTA were performed on 36 patients with TIA.After regular plain CT examination,dynamic CTP was performed while 40ml of non-ionic contrast material were bolus injected through antecubital vein. These dynamic images were processed with the“Perfusion CT”software package on workstation.Cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral blood volume(CBV)and time to peak(TIP)enhancement within specific regions of the brain were measured.CT angiography was constructed to show carotid and intracerebral arteries,Results Abnormal perfusion changes corresponding to clinical symptoms were found in 26 cases with prolonged TTP. Other 10 cases were normal.TIP of affected side(12.04±4.05)s was significantly prolonged compared with contralateral side(9.89±2.68)s, P＜0.01.The differences of the CBF and CBV were not statistically sig- nificant between affected side and contralateral side.CTA demonstrated stenosis or occlusion of middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery in 26 cases with prolonged TTP.Conclusion Plain CT can exclude other in- tracerebral diseases,CTP provides hemodynamie information and CTA demonstrates presence or not of artery stenosis or occlusion.The combination of these three examinations can give information for diagnosis of TIA.
A New Approach to Retailing and Consumption

Galina Shtange’s comments offer a window onto the retail situation in Moscow only six years after the new program of Soviet trade became official policy. Even if Shtange’s shopping experience would have seemed fantastic to many Soviet citizens, whose own dingy shops usually had a limited selection of poor-quality merchandise, and even if those familiar with the “magnificent” stores Shtange describes might have disagreed that “in general people do buy a lot,” her observations provide a useful snapshot of the government’s attempt to deal with the consumer crisis of the late 1920s and early 1930s. Shtange depicts an imperfect but nonetheless transformed retail landscape made possible by the regime’s campaign to establish “Soviet trade.”
Die Richtungskorrelationen bei inelastischer Streuung mit folgender Gamma-Strahlung

Es wird die allgemeine Formel fur die Winkelverteilung der der Reaktion (a, a′, γ) gegeben. Die Summen uber die magnetischen Quantenzahlen werden durchRacah-Koeffizienten ausgefuhrt fur den Fall, das man dieγ- Strahlung in Korrelation zura-Strahlung setzt und diea′-Strahlung unbeobachtet last. Hierauf wird die statistische Annahme fur die Niveaus desCompound-Kernes gemacht und durch energieempfindlicheγ-Messung wird ein Niveau des angeregten Ausgangskernes festgelegt. Dieser Formalismus wird auf die (u, u′, γ)-Reaktion des Cd111 angewendet. Die Berucksichtigung desγ-Strahles erleichtert die Untersuchung von Niveauspins und -paritaten durch inelastische Streuung.γ-Richtungskorrelationen lassen sich experimentell leichter durchfuhren als die Bestimmung totaler Wirkungsquerschnitte.
Progressive differentiation of follicular B helper T cells regulates the germinal center response (IRC11P.430)

Initiation of a thymus-dependent humoral immune response requires interaction of activated B cells and follicular B helper T (Tfh) cells, a specialized subset of CD4 T cells. Differentiation of Tfh cells results in their localization to the B-cell follicle and germinal center (GC) of secondary lymphoid organs and expression of the transcription factor Bcl6. Here we show Tfh cells differentiate further within the follicle and GC, with development of discrete subsets that regulate distinct aspects of B-cell maturation. Using mice expressing reporter genes for IL-21 and IL-4, we found that Tfh cells initially produce IL-21 mRNA and protein and support selection of high-affinity B cell mutations. Gradually, Tfh cells began to produce IL-4 and while ceasing production of IL-21, and demonstrated the ability to induce class-switch recombination and development of antibody-secreting cells. These changes in phenotype and function occurred as these Tfh21- and Tfh4-subsets exhibited differences in global gene expression as well as localization within the GC. These data support a model in which ongoing Tfh-cell differentiation orchestrates the formation of an effective antibody response.
Proceedings of the 2010 MidSouth Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Society (MCBIOS) Conference

The seventh annual Midsouth Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (MCBIOS) conference took place February 19 and 20, 2010 at Arkansas State University in Jonesboro, AR, presided over by Daniel Berleant, this year’s President of MCBIOS. Keynote speakers were Elaine Ostrander of NIH, renowned for her work on dog genomics, Clayton Naeve, CIO of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and Robert Cottingham, Leader of the Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The record-breaking attendance exceeded 200 participants which necessitated parallel talk sessions for the first time. Student oral presentation award winners were Heidi Pagan (first place) of Mississippi State University (MSU), Juliet Tang (second place) of MSU, and Aleksandra Markovets (third) of Mississippi Valley State University. In addition, a record number of posters were also presented. Due to the number of posters, student poster awards were given in two categories, Biological Focus and Computational Focus. Winners were N. Platt and V. Chaitankar (1st place), G. Cooper and L. Pillai (2nd), and M. Ammari and C. Gearheart (3rd). Reflecting the integration of these foci in the field, winners in one category frequently scored high in the other category as well. MCBIOS is also pleased to have this year acquired legal status as a non-profit organization.
Comprehensive HIV Prevention for Transgender Persons.

Transgender persons are at high risk for HIV infection, but prevention efforts specifically targeting these people have been minimal. Part of the challenge of HIV prevention for transgender populations is that numerous individual, interpersonal, social, and structural factors contribute to their risk.By combining HIV prevention services with complementary medical, legal, and psychosocial services, transgender persons’ HIV risk behaviors, risk determinants, and overall health can be affected simultaneously. For maximum health impact, comprehensive HIV prevention for transgender persons warrants efforts targeted to various impact levels—socioeconomic factors, decision-making contexts, long-lasting protections, clinical interventions, and counseling and education.We present current HIV prevention efforts that reach transgender persons and present others for future consideration.
Using a Self-Reported Global Health Measure to Identify Patients at High Risk for Future Healthcare Utilization.

Background Research studies have shown that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess global health are helpful for predicting health care utilization, but less evidence exists that collection of PROMs in routine care can identify patients with high health care needs.
"Strategy Formation, Dynamic Capabilities and Firm Performance"

We extend the canonical distinction between deliberate and emergent strategies to advance theory regarding dynamic capabilities. Specifically, we connect the dynamic capabilities literature and the...
Phylogenetic signals in detoxification pathways in Cyprinid and Centrarchid species in relation to sensitivity to environmental pollutants

Observations in a previous study on biomarker responses in fish collected from urban creeks in Greenville, SC, indicated that there might be considerable differences in the expression of biotransformation enzymes in chub and sunfish species. To further investigate these species differences a dosing experiment was performed in which bluehead and creek chub (Nocomis leptocephalus and Semotilus atromaculatus), and redbreast sunfish, pumpkinseed, and bluegill (Lepomis auritus, L. gibbosus, and L. macrochirus) were injected with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model compound for common pollutants in urban creeks. Fish were injected with BaP doses of 0, 25 and 50mg/kg, and after 3days BaP metabolites in bile, and enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450-1A (CYP1A), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured. CYP1A activity was significantly increased after BaP dosing in both species groups, but chubs had significantly lower levels than were observed in the dosed sunfish. The UGT activity in unexposed animals was comparable in both species groups, and significantly increased in both groups as a result of BaP dosage. Finally, GST activity was significantly higher in chubs, but did not change in either species group as a result of BaP exposure. There were no significant differences between species within each species group, and the results confirmed that unexposed chubs have much lower CYP1A activity, but a much higher GST activity than unexposed sunfish. The metabolized BaP was excreted in both species groups, but at the time of sampling there were no differences in the amount of BaP metabolites in the bile of dosed animals. The differences in baseline enzyme activity and induction capacity between both species groups are an example of phylogenetically determined differences between fish families, and may explain why chubs are in general more sensitive to exposure to environmental pollutants than sunfish. This conclusion was corroborated by the observation that the highest BaP dose of 50mg/kg was close to the apparent LC50 for chub, while no mortality was observed in the sunfish at this dose.
Documentation of 50% water conservation in a single process at a beef abattoir

Beef slaughter is water intensive due to stringent food safety requirements. We conducted a study at a commercial beef processor to demonstrate water conservation by modifying the mechanical head wash. We documented the initial nozzle configuration (112 nozzles), water pressure (275kPa), and flowrate (152L/head washed), then developed a 3-D CAD model to identify regions of water use redundancy. The mechanical head wash was modified by reducing nozzle count (72), decreasing pressure (138kPa) and flowrate (78.4L/head). To objectively document visual cleansing, heads were photographed at three locations post decapitation: 1) prior to manual wash, 2) prior to entering, and 3) upon exit of the mechanical head wash. Changes in red saturation between stations 1 and 3 provided an objective measure of relative cleanliness. Prior to altering operating parameters, the post-wash red saturation was 5%; after modification this increased slightly to 7.5%. Water use was reduced by 48.4% without altering head cleanliness acceptance.
Biomarkers that Predict Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation has been a standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancers. Recent reports suggest that a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant treatment correlates to improved overall survival. In addition, some series suggest that patients who have a complete response to neoadjuvant therapy may safely defer surgery in favor of a “watch and wait” approach, therefore avoiding the potential complications and adverse bowel function associated with surgery. It is therefore important to understand the clinical and biologic factors which affect the response of rectal cancers to chemoradiation. This review highlights the current literature examining the biomarkers of tumor response to chemoradiation.
Energy Balance, Evaporation, and Surface Temperature

In this chapter, we aim to develop mathematical models of evaporation and surface temperature. For simplicity of presentation, in this modeling chapter, we will omit the overbar on atmospheric variables, but it is understood that these variables are time-averaged quantities.
Neisseria dumasiana sp. nov. from human sputum and a dog's mouth.

Three independent isolates of Gram-reaction-negative cocci collected from two New York State patients and a dog’s mouth in California were subjected to a polyphasic analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity among these isolates is 99.66 to 99.86 %. The closest species with a validly published name is Neisseria zoodegmatis (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) with six additional species of the genus Neisseria with greater than 97 % similarity. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance calculator (GGDC 2.0) analysis on whole genome sequence data support the three novel isolates as being from a single species that is distinct from all other closely related species of the genus Neisseria . Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST) indicate the novel species belongs in the genus Neisseria . This assignment is further supported by the predominant cellular fatty acids composition of C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C15 : 0iso 2-OH), and C18 : 1ω7c, and phenotypic characters. The name Neisseria dumasiana sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is 93087T (=DSM 104677T=LMG 30012 T).
New Hypotension Treatment for Septic Shock.

Giapreza, an exogenous form of angiotensin II, has been approved to treat hypotension in adults with septic or other distributive shock. It should be added to the vasopressors used in the standard treatment of hypotension and shock.Giapreza use can cause thrombotic and thromboembolic events. Patient
The role of racial bias in exclusionary zoning: The case of Durham, North Carolina, 1945–2014:

This paper investigates the distribution of and motivations for zoning decisions that decreased allowed residential density or prevented denser residential development in urbanized portions of Durh...
Increasing the Capacity of Cellular Network With Nested Deployed Cooperative Base Stations

This paper investigates the capacity of the cooperative cellular networks and proposes to use the 2-D nested deployment on the base stations. Further analysis of sum-rate capacity and spectrum efficiency shows that this approach provides significant improvement. The study leverages the traditional model of regarding the coverage of base stations as the hexagonal blocks and views each hexagon as a macro-cell. One of the theoretical contributions of this paper is to use the invariance in the difference co-array to cover the derive the entire set of the channel fading coefficients. Furthermore, this paper proves the validity of using the average sum-rate capacity to calculate the capacity of the networks in both Rayleigh fading and non-fading channels. We also use simulations to confirm the correctness of the proposed theories from another perspective. As a result, the proposed approach remarkably improves the capacity of the network with the same amount of base stations.
The Unusual Response of Encysted Embryos of the Animal Extremophile, Artemia franciscana , to Prolonged Anoxia

Encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, appear to bring their overall metabolism to a reversible standstill during prolonged anoxia. Mechanisms involved in this unusual response are considered, along with the broader significance of cells that survive in the absence of measurable free energy flow and macromolecular turnover, when fully hydrated and at physiological temperature.
P046 Under assessment of DSA strength in single antibody bead assays may lead to poor outcome in kidney transplantation

Solid phase anti-HLA antibody tests have become an important tool in predicting the compatibility of donor-recipient pairs for kidney transplantation. Additionally, single antigen bead (SAB) assays provide valuable information for the management of post-transplant immunotherapy. However, there can be limitations to SAB assays, for example, the presence of donor specific IgM antibodies and/or binding of high levels of compliment may block binding of donor specific IgG antibodies (DSA) to the SAB. This could possibly result in an under estimation of DSA. The following case is an example of this phenomenon. A 48 years old female patient (HLA Type: A1 A29 B53 B72 DR8 DR13) was transplanted with a deceased donor kidney (HLA Type: A2 A33 B53 B58 DR8 DR11 DQB7 DQA04 DQA05 DPB01:01 DPB04:02) in 2017. The patient was presensitized (pregnancy) to a donor antigen A2 (MFI of 4 A2 beads = 3904) with an associated epitope 144TKH (MFI = 5101, includes A68, A69). On day 3 post-transplant, there was no detectable antibodies to donor antigens due to the sponge effect of the transplanted kidney. On day 6 antibodies to A2 (MFI = 5000) and the associated epitope 144TKH (MFI = 8946) reappeared. Additionally, a low level of de novo antibodies to B*58:01 (MFI = 716) and DPB1*04:02 (MFI = 864) was detected. On day 12, antibodies were detected to only A*02:01 (MFI = 615), while a significant increase in B58 antibody was observed (MFI = 9025). At this time, a biopsy indicated antibody mediated graft rejection; creatinine was 10 mg/dl. Accordingly, the patient’s antibody was further evaluated by an AMOS one wash CDC cross match with frozen cells and sera from day 6 and 12. On day 6, CDC-XM was negative, but on day 12 the CDCXM was positive. The level of DSA to class I of MFI 9640 would typically not give a positive CDC cross match. To determine if there was interference of IgM and/or compliment, the 12-day serum was treated at 63C for 13 min to inactivate these molecules. The heat-treated serum demonstrated an MFI to A*02:01 of MFI = 20,567 compared to an MFI of 615 before heat inactivation. Unfortunately, treatment for antibody-mediated rejection was not initiated soon enough to save the kidney. Although it is rare to observe IgM and/or compliment interference with SAB assays (4 out of 3020 cases, 0.1%), post-transplant assessment of DSA should be performed with heat inactivated sera or other methods to eliminate the under estimation of the strength of IgG antibodies. A.J. Norin:2. Consultant; Company/Organization; ICON PLC, Stony Brook Pathologist. 3. Speaker’s Bureau; Company/Organization; immucor, one lambda.
Women’s Rights Between Civil and Religious Laws: The Lebanese Law on Protection of Women and Family Members from Domestic Violence and the Religious Authorities’ Opposition

On 1 April 2014, the Lebanese Parliament passed law number 293/2014 concerning domestic violence against women after a debate lasting nearly four years and which led to many changes from the original draft and then redrafting. This chapter reviews the complex inter-faith debates and politics in trying to get Muslims and Christians to agree on new marriage laws to put all Lebanese citizens on an equal footing and how Muslims saw such an attempt as trying to impose Western standards into their religious sphere. As such it displays how a monotheistic religion takes precedence over considerations of national unity and identity in a religiously divided society.
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW (MRONJ) IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA—A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), which causes exposed bone in the maxillofacial region, persisted for 8 weeks in a patient who was receiving a bone-modulating agent.1 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer that can cause bone disease. Therefore, a potent bisphosphonate is used to control bone metastasis, but one of its adverse effects is MRONJ. Previous studies that investigated risk factors associated with MRONJ were done in patients with different hematologic conditions, where the underlining condition might affect the result.2-4 Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible risk factors associated with MRONJ in patients with MM. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved the study. We reviewed the medical charts, including digital radiographs, of 116 patients with MM, 16 of whom had developed MRONJ; these patients had attended the oral medicine clinic at the University of Florida College of Dentistry between 2011 and 2015. The following information was retrieved: age, gender, smoking, type and duration of bisphosphonate pressure treatment, and periodontal status. Periodontal bone loss was measured from a digital pantomograph as a percentage of missing bone at the mesial and distal surfaces of each tooth. These measurements were averaged to yield a single mean bone loss score for each patient.5 Using radiographs, in place of clinical examination, to determine periodontal bone loss has been validated in earlier studies.6,7 The variables predictive of MRONJ development were calculated by using SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results Patients with MRONJ had significantly higher percentage of bone loss (odds ratio [OR] 6.06; P Conclusions Tooth loss and advanced bone loss are significant risk factors of MRONJ in patients with MM. This study was limited to radiologic examination, and no clinical periodontal examination was performed. The usefulness of radiographs can be limited by the technique used because some can cause distortion and affect the measurements.
Intervention for Increasing Vitamin D Supplementation in a Deficient Rehabilitation Population: Outcomes of a Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent and increases the risk of osteoporosis, falls, and fractures. Patients in acute inpatient rehabilitation have several risk factors for VDD, the adverse effects of which may hinder long-term functional gain. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for VDD in patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation and to evaluate the efficacy of a standardized vitamin D screening and supplementation protocol. Design Prospective cohort study as part of a quality improvement initiative. Setting An academic, freestanding acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants Patients consecutively admitted over a 4-month period between November 2014 and February 2015 (n=128 pre-intervention and n=129 post-intervention). Intervention Universal screening of vitamin D level on admission followed by utilization of a standard supplementation protocol. Main outcome measures Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) and VDD prevalence along with screening, and supplementation rates. Results Preintervention, 10.2% of patients were screened for VDD, with 23.1% VDI and 46.2% VDD. Postintervention, 89.9% were screened, with 31.9% VDI and 47.4% VDD. 6.3% of all patients were supplemented on vitamin D preintervention compared to 53.5% postintervention. In multivariate analyses, the odds of VDD was significantly associated with African American race (OR 7.30, 95% CI, 1.56-34.20, P = .12) and age younger than 65 (OR 13.62 95% CI, 2.51-73.83, P = .002). Diagnoses in the "other neurologic" category were associated with decreased odds of VDD (OR 0.01, 95% CI, 0.001-0.193, P = .002). Conclusions Given the high prevalence of VDD in an acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital, a routine screening and standardized supplementation protocol may improve quality of care. Level of evidence III.
Maternal Mortality, Population Control, and the War in Women's Wombs: A Bioethical Analysis of Quinacrine Sterilizations

The drug quinacrine hydrochloride was developed to treat and prevent diseases such as malaria, giardiasis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. However, despite not being approved for the use of sterilization by any government agency in the world, quinacrine has been promoted as a low cost, effective, and safe method for sterilizing poor and politically powerless women in developing countries. To date more than 100,000 women in developing countries have already been chemically sterilized with quinacrine. This article provides an historical account on the use of quinacrine as a sterilization agent and examines how three international codes of ethics governing human experimentation have been violated yet, have marginal utility in this case as they are either unenforceable or historically unenforced. Moreover, to shed further light on the nature of the quinacrine campaign, the author discusses how the campaign violates three generally accepted principles of bioethics – autonomy, beneficence/non-maleficence, and distributive justice. The article concludes, that since the quinacrine campaign does not conform to any of these basic bioethical principles, it should be denounced as an unethical and unacceptable medical experiment.
Racial and ethnic disparities in autism-related health and educational services.

ABSTRACT:Objective:The objective of this study is to measure racial and ethnic disparities in autism-related services among U.S. children with parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:Using the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services, we analyzed parent-reported data on 1420
How the Lualualei VLF Antenna was Designed : At the Dawn of the Computer Era

The beginning of the modern era of computer aided design is traced here in the design of the US Navy’s high power VLF transmitting antenna at Lualualei, Hawaii. The roles played by the use of physical scale models and by computer simulation are reviewed and their relative merits are discussed. Rules derived from the fundamental limitations on electrically small antennas are shown to remain valid to guide the designer even with computer methods.
Applications of single-cell sequencing for the field of otolaryngology: A contemporary review.

Objectives Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is a new technique used to interrogate the transcriptome of individual cells within native tissues that have already resulted in key discoveries in auditory basic science research. Rapid advances in scRNA-Seq make it likely that it will soon be translated into clinical medicine. The goal of this review is to inspire the use of scRNA-Seq in otolaryngology by giving examples of how it can be applied to patient samples and how this information can be used clinically. Methods Studies were selected based on the scientific quality and relevance to scRNA-Seq. In addition to mouse auditory system (inner ear including hair cells and supporting cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and inner ear organoids), recent studies using human primary cell samples are discussed. We also perform our own analysis on publicly available, published scRNA-Seq data from oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples to serve as an example of a clinically relevant application of scRNA-Seq. Results Studies focusing on patient tissues show that scRNA-Seq reveals tissue heterogeneity and rare-cell types responsible for disease pathogenesis. The heterogeneity detected by scRNA-Seq can result in both the identification of known or novel disease biomarkers and drug targets. Our analysis of HNSCC data gives an example for how otolaryngologists can use scRNA-Seq for clinical use. Conclusions Although there are limitations to the translation of scRNA-Seq to the clinic, we show that its use in otolaryngology can give physicians insight into the tissue heterogeneity within their patient's diseased tissue giving them information on disease pathogenesis, novel disease biomarkers or druggable targets, and aid in selecting patient-specific drug cocktails.
Overlaps, Eigenvalue Gaps, and Pseudospectrum under real Ginibre and Absolutely Continuous Perturbations.

Let $G_n$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real i.i.d. $N(0,1/n)$ entries, let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with $\Vert A \Vert \le 1$, and let $\gamma \in (0,1)$. We show that with probability $0.99$, $A + \gamma G_n$ has all of its eigenvalue condition numbers bounded by $O\left(n^{5/2}/\gamma^{3/2}\right)$ and eigenvector condition number bounded by $O\left(n^3 /\gamma^{3/2}\right)$. Furthermore, we show that for any $s > 0$, the probability that $A + \gamma G_n$ has two eigenvalues within distance at most $s$ of each other is $O\left(n^4 s^{1/3}/\gamma^{5/2}\right).$ In fact, we show the above statements hold in the more general setting of non-Gaussian perturbations with real, independent, absolutely continuous entries with a finite moment assumption and appropriate normalization. This extends the previous work [Banks et al. 2019] which proved an eigenvector condition number bound of $O\left(n^{3/2} / \gamma\right)$ for the simpler case of {\em complex} i.i.d. Gaussian matrix perturbations. The case of real perturbations introduces several challenges stemming from the weaker anticoncentration properties of real vs. complex random variables. A key ingredient in our proof is new lower tail bounds on the small singular values of the complex shifts $z-(A+\gamma G_n)$ which recover the tail behavior of the complex Ginibre ensemble when $\Im z\neq 0$. This yields sharp control on the area of the pseudospectrum $\Lambda_\epsilon(A+\gamma G_n)$ in terms of the pseudospectral parameter $\epsilon>0$, which is sufficient to bound the overlaps and eigenvector condition number via a limiting argument.
Cell Type-Specific Roles of CD38 in the Interactions of Isoniazid with NAD + in the Liver

NAD+ is a critical molecule that is involved in multiple cellular functions. CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme with NAD+ nucleosidase activity. Our previous work revealed the CD38-dependent interactions of isoniazid (INH), an antituberculosis drug, with NAD+ to form INH-NAD adduct. In the current work, our metabolomic analysis discovered a novel NAD+ adduct with acetylisoniazid (AcINH), a primary INH metabolite mediated by N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and we named it AcINH-NAD. Using Nat1/2(-/-) and Cd38(-/-) mice, we determined that AcINH-NAD formation is dependent on both NAT and CD38. Because NAT is expressed in hepatocytes (HP), whereas CD38 is expressed in Kupffer cells (KC) and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), we explored cell type-specific roles of CD38 in the formation of AcINH-NAD as well as INH-NAD. We found that both INH-NAD and AcINH-NAD were produced in the incubation of INH or AcINH with KC and HSC but not in HP. These data suggest that hepatic nonparenchymal cells, such as KC and HSC, are the major cell types responsible for the CD38-dependent interactions of INH with NAD+ in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current study identified AcINH-NAD as a novel metabolite of INH in the liver. Our work also revealed the essential roles of nonparenchymal cells, including Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, in the CD38-dependent interactions of NAD+ with INH, leading to the formation of both INH-NAD and AcINH-NAD in the liver. These data can be used to guide the future studies on the mechanisms of INH and NAD+ interactions and their contributions to INH-induced liver injury.
Design and sensitivity analysis of spacecraft swarms for planetary moon reconnaissance through co-orbits

Abstract This work presents an automated mission design architecture for global surface mapping missions to planetary moons. Such missions need to address three important challenges: virtually absent spheres of influence, tidal locking, and self-shadowing. Therefore, a complex task such as global surface coverage is better handled using the swarm approach. The design of a swarm mission for such a dynamic environment is challenging. For this reason, we developed the Integrated Design Engineering and Automation of Swarms (IDEAS) software to facilitate the automated end-to-end design of swarm mission concepts. Specifically, it will use a sub-module known as the Automated Swarm Designer module to find optimal swarm configurations suited for a given mission. In our previous work, we developed the Automated Swarm Design module to find swarm configurations for asteroid mapping operations. Here, we will evaluate the capability of the Automated Swarm designer module to design missions to planetary moons, and also examine the sensitivity of the generated optimal design to various perturbations. Specifically, we explore the design space of resonant co-orbits where the spacecraft will have planned periodic encounters with the planetary moon due to the natural dynamics. The swarm will be deployed on resonant co-orbits using an aeroassist from the central planet. the maneuver cost with this deployment is broken down into two maneuvers: a planar orbit insertion maneuver using aerobraking, and an orientation change maneuver required to facilitate a planar orbit capture. The design space of such missions is examined, and the principles are illustrated using numerical case studies of a global surface mapping mission to the Martian moon Deimos. Using the described principles, a spacecraft swarm mission to map 90 % of the surface of Deimos is designed. The designed swarm consists of 5 spacecraft, which have a maximum estimated orientation change Δ v of 1.97 km/s, and a worst-case orbit insertion Δ v of 0.848 km/s if aerobraking is used. Overall implications on the mission, such as fuel requirements, and aerobraking timespans are then studied. Finally, the sensitivities of the designed swarm to different perturbations are studied, and peak disturbances that lead to coverage deterioration below a threshold of 80 % are noted.
Specific phytochemicals in floral nectar up-regulate genes involved in longevity regulation and xenobiotic metabolism, extending mosquito life span.

During nectar feeding, mosquitoes ingest a plethora of phytochemicals present in nectar. The ecological and physiological impacts of these ingested phytochemicals on the disease vectors are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three nectar phytochemicals-- caffeine, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin--on longevity, fecundity, and sugar-feeding behavior of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). Adult females of Ae. albopictus were provided continuous access to 10% sucrose supplemented with one of the three phytochemicals and their fecundity, longevity, and the amount of sucrose consumed determined. Transcriptome response of Ae. albopictus females to p-coumaric acid and quercetin was also evaluated. Dietary quercetin and p-coumaric acid enhanced the longevity of female Ae. albopictus, while caffeine resulted in reduced sugar consumption and enhanced fecundity of gravid females. RNA-seq analyses identified 237 genes that were differentially expressed (DE) in mosquitoes consuming p-coumaric acid or quercetin relative to mosquitoes consuming an unamended sucrose solution diet. Among the DE genes, several encoding antioxidant enzymes, cytochrome P450s, and heat shock proteins were upregulated, whereas histones were downregulated. Overall, our findings show that consuming certain nectar phytochemicals can enhance adult longevity of female Asian tiger mosquitoes, apparently by differentially regulating the expression level of genes involved in longevity and xenobiotic metabolism; this has potential impacts not only on life span but also on vectorial capacity and insecticide resistance.
­Building Community College Student Development Outcomes: The Impact of Internationalization Strategies

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study is to identify to what degree internationalization strategies implemented by leadership personnel in US community colleges relate to three separate student development domains: 1) cognitive; 2) intrapersonal; 3) interpersonal of students attending community colleges in the US. The hypothesis is that there will be a statistically significant monotonic trend when the non-manipulated, predictor variable (internationalization strategies) increases; the three criterion variables (cognitive; intrapersonal; interpersonal) contained in a students’ global development perspective increase. The problem addressed in this study is to find to what degree internationalization strategies that are implemented in community colleges located in the US relates to three areas of student development. Student development facilitated by internationalization strategies may address the demand for fully developed graduates that can effectively interact in a pluralistic society. The information from this study may be utilized to inform policy in US community colleges to address the workforce demands of a pluralistic society.
Gendered racism, anxiety, and depression: the mediating roles of gendered racialized stress and social isolation.

Objective Black women experience unique stressors linked to the intersection of racism and sexism (i.e. gendered racism). While the negative effects of gendered racism are associated with Black women's health, less is known about factors that describe these relationships. Design Using data from 263 Black women, we used path analysis to examine direct and indirect effects of gendered racism on anxiety and depression through gendered racialized stress. We also examined the direct and indirect effects of gendered racialized stress on anxiety and depression through social isolation. Results After adjusting for covariates, gendered racism, and gendered racialized stress were not statistically significant predictors of anxiety and depression. However, gendered racism was a statistically significant predictor of gendered racialized stress. Also, social isolation mediated the relationships between gendered racism, gendered racialized stress, and anxiety, as well as depression. Conclusions Stress from gendered racism is associated with loneliness, which can negatively impact Black women's mental health. Findings suggest that gendered racialized stress and social isolation is important for understanding the relationship between gendered racism and mental health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression.
Ideal cascade modeling with side streams

Abstract This report describes an ideal cascade model of uranium enrichment that includes side feed and side product streams and flexible input options. This model is based on the original MSTAR model developed by Edward Von Halle and furnished to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1996. The current version includes more flexible input and output options which allow the user to specify a variety of input combinations. This flexibility allows specification of integer numbers of stages or the stage numbers of external flows instead of assays.
Why diffractive retarders are not in common use

Diffractive retarders fabricated from gratings in isotropic materials are analyzed by rigorous coupled wave analysis. Calculations show it is difficult to obtain substantial retardance with isotropic phase gratings. Even for an aspect ratio of two, diffractive retarders have a small retardance, < λ/12. Thus it is generally impractical to fabricate quarter wave retarders, much less half wave retarders in plastic or molded glass for example. The dispersion of these gratings is compared to the conventional materials used in the majority of retarders and is found to be very similar. Thus these gratings add little in terms of helping to achromatize retarders
Chapter 2 The heterocyclic chemistry associated with the herbicide glyphosate

Summary The search for alternative new aminoalkyl phosphonates or phosphinates with similar or dramatically improved biological activity versus glyphosate has stimulated an enormous research effort in exploratory phosphorus and heterocyclic chemistry. Many new synthetic methods have been developed over the last two decades to prepare a variety of structural analogs of glyphosate containing a modified skeleton. Despite the large numbers of compounds evaluated, none has surpassed the overall biological properties of glyphosate itself, either on the enzymatic level or under field conditions. Consequently, the search for a second-generation, glyphosate-like herbicide continues (2).
On the creep of directionally solidified MoSi2-Mo5Si3 eutectics

Abstract The high temperature deformation behaviour of MoSi2-Mo5Si3 eutectics has been investigated as a function of lamellar spacing over the temperature range 1100–1400°C and strain rates (∈) of 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6 s−1. Specimens with lamellar morphologies were produced by directional solidification using the Czochralski method at pull rates of 25–210 mm/h giving lamellar spacings (λ) of 2.6 to 1.09 μm. The measured flow stress was found to increase as the lamellar spacing decreased for a given strain rate. A constitutive model for creep that incorporates reinforcement spacing for creeping fibers in a creeping matrix was found to describe the creep behaviour of the eutectic, i.e. ∈αλ withm = 1. Creep deformation of the eutectic was controlled by ½〈110〉 (001) partial dislocations in the Mo5Si3 phase. The creep behaviour of a [314] oriented Mo5Si3 single crystal was also investigated.
Enforcement with Costly Group Formation

The joint liability literature claims that positive assortative matching, or risk homogeneity, is always the first best solution. We examine this claim in presence of group formation costs and find that the assertion is not always true.
The Constitutional Referendum of 1866: Andrew Johnson and the Original Meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause

Fourteenth Amendment scholars commonly assume that there is a relative silence in the historical record regarding public discussion of the proposed Amendment. In fact there was rich and extended public debate regarding the meaning of the Section One of the Amendment and the need to protect the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. These robust debates did not take place in state legislative assemblies, but in the campaign speeches, newspaper editorials and public documents accompanying the mid-term elections of 1866. Both Democrats and Republicans made the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment a central part of their party’s platform, with the election itself serving as a national referendum on the merits of the text. Because originalist accounts of the Fourteenth Amendment have tended to focus on the framing debates in the Thirty-Ninth Congress, they have both undervalued and underexplored the public political debates of 1866. Most critically, they have completely missed President Andrew Johnson’s important role as leader of the Anti-Amendment Party in the drama of the Fourteenth Amendment. Johnson’s sustained attempt to defeat the Amendment deepened public understanding of the proposed text and its impact on the autonomy of the States. Viewing ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment through the lens of a national election also allows us to see how politically salient events during the summer of 1866 transformed a dry theoretical discussion of the Amendment’s merits into an argument over what was literally a matter of life and death in the southern States. The July 30 massacre of freedmen meeting in convention in New Orleans became a national scandal, particularly when it became clear that state officials had led the attack. Republicans used the New Orleans riot and Johnson’s feckless response as stark examples of the need to adopt the Fourteenth Amendment in order to protect the rights of speech and assembly against state abridgement — rights that were widely accepted examples of the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.
Considering the positive possibilities of leader political behavior

Summary This Incubator presents an overview of a new construct, leader political support, which captures the positive possibilities of leaders' political behavior. A discussion of why leader political support may seem paradoxical is included, as well as a presentation of the need for its consideration and the research possibilities it provides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.