cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dynamic spar numerical model for passive shape change

A three-dimensional constraint-driven dynamic rigid-link numerical model of a flapping wing structure with compliant joints (CJs) called the dynamic spar numerical model is introduced and implemented. CJs are modeled as spherical joints with distributed mass and spring-dampers with coupled nonlinear spring and damping coefficients, which models compliant mechanisms spatially distributed in the structure while greatly reducing computation time compared to a finite element model. The constraints are established, followed by the formulation of a state model used in conjunction with a forward time integrator, an experiment to verify a rigid-link assumption and determine a flapping angle function, and finally several example runs. Modeling the CJs as coupled bi-linear springs shows the wing is able to flex more during upstroke than downstroke. Coupling the spring stiffnesses allows an angular deformation about one axis to induce an angular deformation about another axis, where the magnitude is proportional to the coupling term. Modeling both the leading edge and diagonal spars shows that the diagonal spar changes the kinematics of the leading edge spar verses only considering the leading edge spar, causing much larger axial rotations in the leading edge spar. The kinematics are very sensitive to CJ location, where moving the CJ toward the wing root causes a stronger response, and adding multiple CJs on the leading edge spar with a CJ on the diagonal spar allows the wing to deform with larger magnitude in all directions. This model lays a framework for a tool which can be used to understand flapping wing flight.
Spinel-Structured Gallium Oxynitride (Ga3O3N) Synthesis and Characterization: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Recently the new family of spinel-structured nitrides and oxynitrides of group 14 elements (Si, Ge, Sn) has been explored using high-pressure synthesis techniques. The solid-state compounds have high hardness, and they are semiconducting materials that are predicted to have a wide direct band gap. Here we have prepared the corresponding gallium oxynitride spinel with ideal formula Ga3O3N. The synthesis conditions and stability of the new phase were predicted using first-principles calculations, and the experimental study was realized using a combination of laser-heated diamond anvil cell and multianvil high-pressure, high-temperature synthesis techniques. Chemical analysis and X-ray structure refinement indicate that the new phase contains vacancies on the octahedrally coordinated Ga sites, to give an experimental stoichiometry of Ga2.8N0.64O3.24. The Raman spectrum consists of broad bands and resembles the phonon density of states, due to N/O disorder on the anion sites. Optical excitation of the sample ...
Social Politics: Agenda Setting and Political Communication on Social Media

Social media play an increasingly important role in political communication. Various studies investigated how individuals adopt social media for political discussion, to share their views about politics and policy, or to mobilize and protest against social issues. Yet, little attention has been devoted to the main actors of political discussions: the politicians. In this paper, we explore the topics of discussion of U.S. President Obama and the 50 U.S. State Governors using Twitter data and agenda-setting theory as a tool to describe the patterns of daily political discussion, uncovering the main topics of attention and interest of these actors. We examine over one hundred thousand tweets produced by these politicians and identify seven macro-topics of conversation, finding that Twitter represents a particularly appealing vehicle of conversation for American opposition politicians. We highlight the main motifs of political conversation of the two parties, discovering that Republican and Democrat Governors are more or less similarly active on Twitter but exhibit different styles of communication. Finally, by reconstructing the networks of occurrences of Governors’ hashtags and keywords related to political issues, we observe that Republicans and Democrats form two tight yet polarized cores, with a strongly different shared agenda on many issues of discussion.
Writing in the Margins: Mainstream News Media Representations of Transgenderism

This study examines representations of transgender individuals and identity in mainstream U.S. newspapers in an effort to understand the extent to which the transgender community is legitimized or delegitimized by news media. To do so, 200 articles from 13 of the 25 most circulated daily newspapers in the United States were coded for the presence or absence of “legitimacy indicators.” The study finds that mainstream newspaper coverage of the transgender community is extremely limited. Moreover, the coverage that does exist contains a significant amount of delegitimizing language, which it is argued will detrimentally impact both the projected legitimacy of transgender claims in the political arena and public perceptions of the transgender community.
The Rotating-Target Algorithm for Jointly Detecting Asynchronous Tracks

Two-dimensional magnetic recording promises to increase areal density through the joint detection of multiple tracks of interest. This paper concerns the problem of joint detection of multiple tracks that are written asynchronously, meaning that neither the bit boundaries (phase) nor the bit rate (frequency) are aligned between neighboring tracks. We propose the rotating-target algorithm for jointly detecting multiple asynchronous tracks from one or more readback waveforms. The proposed approach is based on the joint Viterbi algorithm and a time-varying target that results when the asynchrony of the tracks is absorbed into the underlying target. Timing estimation for the tracks being detected is embedded inside the joint Viterbi detector using per-survivor processing. Performance results show that the proposed algorithm closely matches the performance of a fictitious system in which neighboring tracks are synchronous, and further that it significantly outperforms a previously reported detector that separately detects the two tracks.
Old and new scaling laws in quantum quench

The response of a many-body system to a time-dependent coupling which passes through or approaches a critical point displays universal scaling behavior. In some regimes, scaling laws have been known since the 1970s. Recently, holographic techniques have been used to understand the origins of such scaling. Along the way, new scaling behaviors in other regimes have been found in holographic models, which have later been shown to hold in a generic field theory regardless of holography. This contribution summarizes recent work on these various scaling regimes.
Self-Sustaining Iterated Learning

An important result from psycholinguistics (Griffiths & Kalish, 2005) states that no language can be learned iteratively by rational agents in a self-sustaining manner. We show how to modify the learning process slightly in order to achieve self-sustainability. Our work is in two parts. First, we characterize iterated learnability in geometric terms and show how a slight, steady increase in the lengths of the training sessions ensures self-sustainability for any discrete language class. In the second part, we tackle the nondiscrete case and investigate self-sustainability for iterated linear regression. We discuss the implications of our findings to issues of non-equilibrium dynamics in natural algorithms.
Corrective Transmission Switching for N- 1-1 Contingency Analysis

System operators are required to serve the load in the most cost-effective way while maintaining the integrity of the system and heeding reliability requirements. In the day-ahead market, operators acquire reserves in an attempt to guarantee N -1 reliability; yet, reserve deliverability is not guaranteed. Prior research has shown that the use of transmission switching, or topology control, may help improve reserve deliverability. In this paper, transmission switching is used as a corrective mechanism to help the system achieve N -1-1 reliability, where not only has the system lost a single element, but also it experiences the loss of a second major element after an adjustment period. In an attempt to preserve N -1-1 reliability, for this paper, a day-ahead unit commitment model that acquires supplementary reserves is solved. The day-ahead market solution is then tested for N -1-1 reliability using contingency analysis models with and without transmission switching. The methodology can be employed at the day-ahead time stage to ensure the system has acquired sufficient supplemental reserves. The results demonstrate that not only can corrective transmission switching be beneficial post-contingency without inhibiting the ability to return to N -1 reliability, but it can also help obtain an N -1-1 reliable solution.
CTDGFinder: A Novel Homology-Based Algorithm for Identifying Closely Spaced Clusters of Tandemly Duplicated Genes

Closely spaced clusters of tandemly duplicated genes (CTDGs) contribute to the diversity of many phenotypes, including chemosensation, snake venom, and animal body plans. CTDGs have traditionally been identified subjectively as genomic neighborhoods containing several gene duplicates in close proximity; however, CTDGs are often highly variable with respect to gene number, intergenic distance, and synteny. This lack of formal definition hampers the study of CTDG evolutionary dynamics and the discovery of novel CTDGs in the exponentially growing body of genomic data. To address this gap, we developed a novel homology-based algorithm, CTDGFinder, which formalizes and automates the identification of CTDGs by examining the physical distribution of individual members of families of duplicated genes across chromosomes. Application of CTDGFinder accurately identified CTDGs for many well-known gene clusters (e.g., Hox and beta-globin gene clusters) in the human, mouse and 20 other mammalian genomes. Differences between previously annotated gene clusters and our inferred CTDGs were due to the exclusion of nonhomologs that have historically been considered parts of specific gene clusters, the inclusion or absence of genes between the CTDGs and their corresponding gene clusters, and the splitting of certain gene clusters into distinct CTDGs. Examination of human genes showing tissue-specific enhancement of their expression by CTDGFinder identified members of several well-known gene clusters (e.g., cytochrome P450s and olfactory receptors) and revealed that they were unequally distributed across tissues. By formalizing and automating CTDG identification, CTDGFinder will facilitate understanding of CTDG evolutionary dynamics, their functional implications, and how they are associated with phenotypic diversity.
On the secure degrees of freedom of wireless X networks

Previous work showed that the X network with M transmitters, N receivers has MN/M+N-1 degrees of freedom. In this work we study the degrees of freedom of the X network with secrecy constraints, i.e. the X network where some/all messages are confidential. We consider the M times N network where all messages are secured and show that N(M-1)/M+N-1 degrees of freedom can be achieved. Secondly, we show that if messages from only M - 1 transmitters are confidential, then MN/M+N-1 degrees of freedom can be achieved meaning that there is no loss of degrees of freedom because of secrecy constraints. We also consider the achievable secure degrees of freedom under a more conservative secrecy constraint. We require that messages from any subset of transmitters are secure even if other transmitters are compromised, i.e., messages from the compromised transmitter are revealed to the unintended receivers. We also study the achievable secure degrees of freedom of the K user Gaussian interference channel under two different secrecy constraints where 1/2 secure degrees of freedom per message can be achieved. The achievable scheme in all cases is based on random binning combined with interference alignment.
Collision analysis of vehicle following operations in automated highway systems

In Automated Highway Systems (AHS), vehicles are automated to maintain a desired speed and safe distance from the preceding vehicles. The vehicles also maintain their positions within a lane or on their designated path. One of the safety concerns for such systems is the consequences in failure or malfunctioning events when collisions occur. The work presented by this paper investigates the responses of vehicles in collisions, especially when they are closely spaced. This study uses a two-dimensional simulation software which allows longitudinal and lateral movements as well as the yaw motion of vehicles. The simulation model calculates impact forces in collisions and estimates the resulting vehicle damage. The study is an extension of several previous studies on this subject which have emphasized on the one-dimensional dynamics of vehicle impacts. The addition of vehicle motions in other axes provides a meaningful representation of real-world crashes. Collision situations, representing failure or malfunctioning events, are simulated. The subsequent post-impact vehicle trajectories are then analyzed. By varying parameters in simulation cases, one can evaluate the potential effects of such variables in vehicle-following operations. Through a systematic approach, correlation between the collision consequences and the operating variables in AHS can be established. The results of this analysis may also provide valuable inputs to the design of control systems. Proper emergency handling strategies and control laws may be developed to mitigate collision consequences. These studies are essential in the understanding and improvement of safety design in AHS.
Quantum embedding theories

ConspectusIn complex systems, it is often the case that the region of interest forms only one part of a much larger system. The idea of joining two different quantum simulations—a high level calculation on the active region of interest, and a low level calculation on its environment—formally defines a quantum embedding. While any combination of techniques constitutes an embedding, several rigorous formalisms have emerged that provide for exact feedback between the embedded system and its environment. These three formulations: density functional embedding, Green’s function embedding, and density matrix embedding, respectively, use the single-particle density, single-particle Green’s function, and single-particle density matrix as the quantum variables of interest.Many excellent reviews exist covering these methods individually. However, a unified presentation of the different formalisms is so far lacking. Indeed, the various languages commonly used, functional equations for density functional embedding, di...
Household and class relations: peasants and landlords in northern Peru.

"Household and Class Relations" offers an adept and multifaceted look at modern peasant family relation- ships. With the perspectives of an anthropologist and sociologist as well as those of an economist, Deere brings a fresh approach to the classic question: how do households continue to exist as units of production and reproduction in the face of their growing proletarianization and impoverishment? She draws upon rich life histories as well as archival and survey research to provide a regional history of the northern Peruvian highland province of Cajamarca since the turn of the century. Beginning with an examination of the hacienda system in the first four decades of this century, "Household and Class Relations" goes on to probe the development of agrarian capitalism in the postwar period and the peasant economy of the 1970s. With this background firmly in place, "Household and Class Relations" then distinguishes itself through attention to the interaction between class and gender. Deere argues that the subordination of women has had high costs for the well-being of rural households, exacerbating peasant poverty. Further, she shows how peasant households have adopted a strategy of participating in multiple income generating activities in order to survive. Breaking new ground, her study examines how gender relations interact with class relations to explain social differentiation among peasants. This is an exciting and stimulating study that will appeal to Latin Americanists, scholars of women's studies, and economists. Wide-ranging and incisive, it will garner attention from many quarters.
Batched Gaussian process bandit optimization via determinantal point processes

Gaussian Process bandit optimization has emerged as a powerful tool for optimizing noisy black box functions. One example in machine learning is hyper-parameter optimization where each evaluation of the target function may require training a model which may involve days or even weeks of computation. Most methods for this so-called "Bayesian optimization" only allow sequential exploration of the parameter space. However, it is often desirable to propose batches or sets of parameter values to explore simultaneously, especially when there are large parallel processing facilities at our disposal. Batch methods require modeling the interaction between the different evaluations in the batch, which can be expensive in complex scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new approach for parallelizing Bayesian optimization by modeling the diversity of a batch via Determinantal point processes (DPPs) whose kernels are learned automatically. This allows us to generalize a previous result as well as prove better regret bounds based on DPP sampling. Our experiments on a variety of synthetic and real-world robotics and hyper-parameter optimization tasks indicate that our DPP-based methods, especially those based on DPP sampling, outperform state-of-the-art methods.
Orchestrating experimentation in non-state environmental commitments

ABSTRACTA striking development in climate governance is the emergence of systems for non-state actors to make voluntary commitments alongside state undertakings. Because these commitments involve diverse actors carrying out diverse activities in diverse settings, they provide unprecedented opportunities for experimentation and learning. Yet voluntary commitment systems (VCS) rarely promote experimentation and provide few systematic learning mechanisms. Based on work with Duncan Snidal, an argument is made for a more strongly experimental approach. First, VCS should encourage designed, controlled policy experiments consistent with scientific standards. Second, even where formal experiments are infeasible, VCS should treat commitments as informal experiments, orchestrating them to promote innovation, comparability, analysis and systematic learning. Collaborative initiatives and other governance organizations can act as orchestrators, encouraging and supporting formal and informal experimentation through per...
Distributed multi-step power scheduling and cost allocation for cooperative microgrids

Microgrids are self-sufficient small-scale power grid systems that can employ renewable generation sources and energy storage devices and can connect to the main grid or operate in a stand-alone mode. Most research on energy-storage management in microgrids does not take into account the dynamic nature of the problem and the need for fully-distributed, multi-step scheduling. First, we address these requirements by extending our previously proposed multi-step cooperative distributed energy scheduling (CoDES) algorithm to include both purchasing power from and selling the generated power to the main grid. Second, we model the microgrid as a multi-agent system where the agents (e.g. households) act as players in a cooperative game and employ a distributed algorithm based on the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) to fairly allocate the costs of cooperative power management (computed using CoDES) among themselves. The dependency of the day-ahead power schedule and the costs on system parameters, e.g., the price schedule and the user activity level (measured by whether it owns storage and renewable generation devices), is analyzed for a three-agent microgrid example.
UV-sensitive superconducting nanowire single photon detectors for integration in an ion trap

We demonstrate superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with 76 ± 4% system detection efficiency at a wavelength of 315 nm and an operating temperature of 3.2 K, with a background count rate below 1 count per second at saturated detection efficiency. We propose integrating these detectors into planar surface electrode radio-frequency Paul traps for use in trapped ion quantum information processing. We operate detectors integrated into test ion trap structures at 3.8 K both with and without typical radio-frequency trapping electric fields. The trapping fields reduce system detection efficiency by 9%, but do not increase background count rates.
Young Children With ASD: Parent Strategies for Interaction During Adapted Book Reading Activity:

The purpose of this study was to identify how parents’ use of language and literacy strategies during an adapted shared book reading activity relate to social, behavioral, and cognitive skills for ...
The Determinants of Religious Radicalization : Evidence from Kenya

A variety of theories attempt to explain why some individuals radicalize along religious lines. Few studies, however, have jointly put these diverse hypotheses under empirical scrutiny. Focusing on...
FDI and Inequality in Vietnam: An Approach with Census Data

We investigate the effects of inward FDI on income distribution and absolute living standards in Vietnam using census data from 1989 to 2009. We compute the number of employees of foreign establishments in each of Vietnam's provinces for each year, and use that as a measure of local FDI. We estimate the effects of FDI on local households’ living standards as reported in the data, broken down by educational background to allow us to analyze effects on inequality. Estimates based on the repeated cross section indicate that rising FDI in a province is associated with a slight decline in living standards for households there if they do not have a member employed by the foreign enterprises, with only modest gains for households who do have a member employed by the foreign enterprises. These estimates may reflect composition effects, however, since we find large movements of people toward the provinces receiving the FDI. The findings show that measuring the effect of FDI on household welfare is more difficult than measuring the effect of trade policy, and may pose a difficulty for the view of FDI as a general anti-poverty strategy.
SPECIFIC HEAT OF Mg11B2 IN MAGNETIC FIELDS: TWO ENERGY GAPS IN THE SUPERCONDUCTING STATE

We present specific-heat measurements on Mg11B2 in magnetic fields to 9 T. The anomaly at Tc is rapidly broadened and attenuated in fields, as expected for an anisotropic, randomly oriented superconductor. At low temperature there is a strongly field-dependent feature that shows the existence of a second energy gap. The Sommerfeld constant, γ, increases rapidly and non-linearly with magnetic field, which cannot be accounted for by anisotropy. It approaches γn = 2.6 mJ K-2mol-1, the coefficient of the normal-state electron contribution, asymptotically for fields greater than 5 T. In zero magnetic field the data can be fitted with a phenomenological two-gap model, a generalization of a semi-empirical model for single-gap superconductors. Both of the gaps close at the same Tc; one is larger and one smaller than the BCS weak coupling limit, in the ratio ~ 4:1, and each accounts for ~ 50% of the normal-state electron density of states. The parameters characterizing the fit agree well with those from theory and are in approximate agreement with some spectroscopic measurements.
Extending Analysis of Older Drivers’ Scanning Patterns at Intersections

Drivers 75 years old and older are overrepresented in fatal crashes at intersections, particularly while turning left. Previous research suggested that this event could occur because older drivers glance less frequently toward potential hazards in the right or left extremities (e.g., cross traffic) when navigating intersections than do middle-aged drivers. However, the previous research did not examine whether older drivers turning left at signalized four-way intersections glanced less frequently at the location from which opposing traffic could come than did middle-aged drivers. Nor did the previous research determine whether failure to glance (either at cross or opposing traffic) was associated with actual crashes since, at least in the driving simulator experiments, no hazards (threat vehicles) ever actually materialized. A driving simulator study involving 18 older and 11 middle-aged drivers examined age-related differences in drivers’ scanning patterns at intersections with both cross and opposing tr...
A cylindrical coaxial MHD generator

A novel channel configuration involving a cylindrical coaxial geometry is proposed for MHD power generation. The generator channel consists of two coaxial cylinders with a smooth annular space between them, through which pressure driven ionized gas flows axially. Magnetic poles and electrodes separated by insulators are embedded in both the inner and outer cylinders. Considering the electrode width θ e and the radii of the two coaxial cylinders (r 0 and r i ) to be variables, a rigorous computer analysis of the device is carried out for a one dimensional flow. In the efficiency computations, losses such as heat transfer, viscous friction, plasma resistivity, etc. are taken into account.
Control of robot manipulators for handling and assembly in space

Long-range NASA planning includes construction and erection of large systems in space requiring automatic handling equipment, teleoperators, or robots under supervisory control. This paper investigates and explores some of the requirements for the control of teleoperated and autonomous space manipulators. The critical technology development areas are identified and discussed in the context of the developments at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and other places.
On the symmetry of images of word maps in groups

Word maps on a group are defined by substitution of formal words. Lubotzky gave a characterization of the images of word maps in finite simple groups, and a consequence of his characterization is t...
50-gram glucose challenge test: Is it indicative of outcomes in women without gestational diabetes mellitus?

Objective. To examine whether the 50-gram glucose challenge test (GCT) is associated with perinatal outcomes in women without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of 13,789 women who received the GCT and did not have a diagnosis of GDM at the University of California, San Francisco UCSF. GCT values were categorized and examined as predictors of perinatal morbidity using chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for maternal characteristics.Results. In women with an elevated GCT but without GDM, the odds of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and elevated birth weight were increased. The odds of large-for-gestational age status were increased with aOR 2.0 (95% CI 1.38–2.90) in the 160–179 mg/dl group. The odds of shoulder dystocia was increased with aOR 3.35 (CI 1.03–10.88) in the ≥180mg/dl group.Conclusion. In women without GDM, elevated 50-gram GCT values were associated with higher odds of perinatal morbidity. These findings furthe...
Quickest Localization of Anomalies in Power Grids: A Stochastic Graphical Framework

Agile localization of anomalous events plays a pivotal role in enhancing the overall reliability of the grid and avoiding cascading failures. This is especially of paramount significance in the large-scale grids due to their geographical expansions and the large volume of data generated. This paper proposes a stochastic graphical framework, by leveraging which it aims to localize the anomalies with the minimum amount of data. This framework capitalizes on the strong correlation structures observed among the measurements collected from different buses. The proposed approach, at its core, collects the measurements sequentially and progressively updates its decision about the location of the anomaly. The process resumes until the location of the anomaly can be identified with desired reliability. We provide a general theory for the quickest anomaly localization and also investigate its application for quickest line outage localization. Simulations in the IEEE 118-bus model are provided to establish the gains of the proposed approach.
Observed and Projected Changes to the Precipitation Annual Cycle

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is predicted to cause spatial and temporal shifts in precipitation patterns. These may be apparent in changes to the annual cycle of zonal mean precipitation P. Trends in the amplitude and phase of the P annual cycle in two long-term, global satellite datasets are broadly similar. Model-derived fingerprints of externally forced changes to the amplitude and phase of the P seasonal cycle, combined with these observations, enable a formal detection and attribution analysis. Observed amplitude changes are inconsistent with model estimates of internal variability but not attributable to the model-predicted response to external forcing. This mismatch between observed and predicted amplitude changes is consistent with the sustained La Nina–like conditions that characterize the recent slowdown in the rise of the global mean temperature. However, observed changes to the annual cycle phase do not seem to be driven by this recent hiatus. These changes are consistent with model es...
International entrepreneurship research: how it evolved and directions for the future

On 28 August 2015, I received an email stating, "I am so sorry to have to tell you that Richard passed away in his sleep last night. He so treasured your friendship and collaboration." Professor Richard W. Wright (BA'61; MBA'63; PhD'70) co-founded the McGill Conferences on International Entrepreneurship, aimed at integrating the fields of international business and small business/entrepreneurship. This article is dedicated to him. In the past, internationalisation was a challenging option, usually adopted by large firms. Changes in technology now allow small firms to internationalise more easily than ever, and where there is a small domestic market, internationalisation is sometimes not an option; it has become a necessity. Membership in a network allows a small firm to internationalise in a cooperative fashion, without the need for large expenditures. The practice of international entrepreneurship thus presents a challenge to some classic theories. Internationalisation need not be undertaken incrementally. Furthermore, small companies can internationalise without transferring resources abroad, thereby avoiding the issues formerly faced during internationalisation, e.g.: 1) opportunity cost of resources transferred abroad; 2) creation of a disadvantage by resources transferred abroad; 3) the lack of resources required to operate efficiently abroad.
Hamiltonian cycles in Cayley graphs of imprimitive complex reflection groups

Abstract Generalizing a result of Conway, Sloane, and Wilkes (1989) for real reflection groups, we show the Cayley graph of an imprimitive complex reflection group with respect to standard generating reflections has a Hamiltonian cycle. This is consistent with the long-standing conjecture that for every finite group, G , and every set of generators, S , of G the undirected Cayley graph of G with respect to S has a Hamiltonian cycle.
Development of a multimedia tutorial to educate how to assess the critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using expert review and crowd-sourcing

We sought to determine the feasibility of developing a multimedia educational tutorial to teach learners to assess the critical view of safety using input from expert surgeons, non-surgeons and crowd-sourcing. We intended to develop a tutorial that would teach learners how to identify the basic anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder, identify the components of the critical view of safety criteria, and understand its significance for performing a safe gallbladder removal. Using rounds of assessment with experts, laypersons and crowd-workers we developed an educational video with improving comprehension after each round of revision. We demonstrate that the development of a multimedia educational tool to educate learners of various backgrounds is feasible using an iterative review process that incorporates the input of experts and crowd sourcing. When planning the development of an educational tutorial, a step-wise approach as described herein should be considered.
Unsteady Shock-Vortex Interaction on a Flexible Delta Wing

Unsteady Navier-Stokes computations have been carried out for simulating transonic flows over a clipped delta wing undergoing oscillatory and ramp motions, including flexibility. The implicit upwind algorithm has been validated by comparing the solutions with experimental data for the oscillatory pitching motion cases. The numerical and experimental results agree well at moderate angles of attack, where a leading-edge vortex develops. The ramp motion cases have demonstrated the effects of unsteadiness of the flowfleld and structural flexibility on the wing responses. For the 10-deg ramp motion, a vortex breakdown is observed. The inviscid interaction with the shock wave plays an essential role in the process of the breakdown observed in the present calculation.
First report of MYD88L265P somatic mutation in IgM-associated light chain amyloidosis

To the editor: A mutation in myeloid differentiation factor gene, MYD88 , leading to constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway was shown to be oncogenically active in 29% of patients with activated B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.[1][1] The most common somatic variant of
Progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with up-regulation of major sodium transporters in the mouse kidney cortex under a normal salt diet

Recent demonstrations of exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by high salt diets prompted us to study whether EAE stimulated Na absorption by the renal cortex, a primary regulatory site for Na balance, even under a normal NaCl diet. We found that as EAE progressed from mild to severe symptoms, there were parallel increases in the protein abundance of NHE3 and αENaC and the Na,K-ATPase activity with an affiliated elevation of its β1-subunit protein. These effects are associated with increases in the protein levels of the well-known regulators SGK1 and scaffold NHERF2, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These effects of EAE could not be explained by reduction in water or food intake. We conclude that EAE progression is associated with up-regulation of major Na transporters, which is most likely driven by increased expression of SGK1 and NHERF2 and activation of ERK1/2. These data suggest that EAE progression increases Na absorption by the renal cortex.
The developmental acquisition of motion

Under the general rubric of the development of object constancy and permanence, a hierarchy of steps is outlined, corresponding to the assimilation of the concepts of time, space, motion, and non-centrist motion. The continuum, which is developmental in nature, is seen as beginning at the pervasive ego-centric position of early infancy where there is no concept of the outside world, and ending at the stage where the world is seen as the frame of reference for all subjectively perceived events. This dynamic antithesis is thus defined in terms of egocentricity polarities. The general impetus for movement along this continuum (with allowance for periodic regression) is formulated as a basic tendency to generalize from unitary experience into generalized expectancies. This tendency becomes manifest as integration algorithms which are expressed through the establishment of induction as a governing principle of phenomenological expectancies. This inductive system then forms the essence of a systematic explanatory network which basically is comprised of an internalized catalog of events the person had encountered in the past. Such historical antecedents had served to extract certain contingencies from the heretofore unexplained or “magical” domain of childhood logic and enable their codification as explainable (or expected) events. It is suggested that this road from magic to explanation is precisely the opposite of a parallel process which proceeds from total noncentricity to phenomenology of subjectivity - the philosophical inquiry into the logic events.
The tragedy of modern economic growth: A call to business to radically change its purpose and practices:

It is now clear that endlessly growing consumption of resources in the global human economy imperils Earth’s life-sustaining biosystem and threatens human existence as we know it. Long-term sustainability of human and non-human life can be achieved only by creating an entirely new economy that eschews the current economy’s pursuit of continuous growth and concentrates, instead, on re-focusing human activities from the global to the local level in organizations that exist to fulfill genuine and concrete human and non-human needs, not to maximize financial wealth of corporations, their shareholders and their top managers. However, impeding this move to a new economy is the widespread belief that “accounting is the language of business.” This article proposes that the concrete ecological principles underlying Earth’s life-restorative natural ecosystems provide a much more appropriate language to guide a sustainable human economy than the abstract language of accounting and finance.
Scraping EDGAR with Python

ABSTRACTThis article presents Python codes that can be used to extract data from Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings. The Python program web crawls to obtain URL paths for company filings of required reports, such as Form 10-K. The program then performs a textual analysis and counts the number of occurrences of words in the filing that reflect, for example, uncertainty (or any other quality specified by the researcher). The program can be easily modified to conduct other searches by changing the word list, company names, or SEC filings. The Python program could be used in an introductory graduate data analytics course in finance that has a web crawling or textual analysis component.
Comparison of phased-array and body coils for MR imaging of liver

Abstract Aims and Objectives: To compare liver lesion conspicuity using torso phased-array (TPA) and body coils with two pulse sequences. Methods: Sixty patients with 125 focal hepatic lesions underwent T2-weighted fast spinecho (T2-FSE) and fast multiplanar inversion recovery (FMPIR) imaging with a standard body coil and with a TPA coil. The first 30 patients were scanned identically in both coils with four acquisitions; the second 30 were scanned with four acquisitions in the body coil and two in the TPA coil. Results: Liver-lesion contrast-to-noise (C/N) was significantly higher for the TPA coil both with four acquisitions (P Conclusion: Liver-lesion C/N was significantly higher using the TPA coil rather than the body coil. Imaging time can be reduced by decreasing the number of acquisitions with the TPA coil.
Exchange Rate Disconnect in General Equilibrium

We propose a dynamic general equilibrium model of exchange rate determination that accounts for all major exchange rate puzzles, including Meese-Rogoff, Backus-Smith, purchasing power parity, and u...
Run for your life? The effect of close elections on the life expectancy of politicians

Abstract We estimate the causal effect of election to political office on natural lifespan using a regression discontinuity design and a novel dataset of winning and losing candidates for US governor, senator, and House representative. We find that candidates gain over a year of life from winning a close election. The effect is strongest for governors, and has grown larger over the course of US history. We also examine the effect of stress experienced in office, finding that serving in more challenging situations is not associated with reduced lifespan.
A re-evaluation of the relativistic redshift on frequency standards at NIST, Boulder, Colorado, USA*

We re-evaluated the relativistic redshift correction applicable to the frequency standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, USA, based on a precise GPS survey of three benchmarks on the roof of the building where these standards had been previously housed, and on global and regional geoid models supported by data from the GRACE and GOCE missions, including EGM2008, USGG2009, and USGG2012. We also evaluated the redshift offset based on the published NAVD88 geopotential number of the leveling benchmark Q407 located on the side of Building 1 at NIST, Boulder, Colorado, USA, after estimating the bias of the NAVD88 datum at our specific location. Based on these results, our current best estimate of the relativistic redshift correction, if frequency standards were located at the height of the leveling benchmark Q407 outside the second floor of Building 1, with respect to the EGM2008 geoid whose potential has been estimated to be , is equal to (−1798.50 ± 0.06) × 10−16. The corresponding value, with respect to an equipotential surface defined by the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) adopted value of , is (−1798.53 ± 0.06) × 10−16. These values are comparable to the value of (−1798.70 ± 0.30) × 10−16, estimated by Pavlis and Weiss in 2003, with respect to an equipotential surface defined by . The minus sign implies that clocks run faster in the laboratory in Boulder than a corresponding clock located on the geoid.
Approaching Capacity at High Rates With Iterative Hard-Decision Decoding

A variety of low-density parity-check (LDPC) ensembles have now been observed to approach capacity with message-passing decoding. However, all of them use soft (i.e., non-binary) messages and a posteriori probability decoding of their component codes. In this paper, we show that one can approach capacity at high rates using iterative hard-decision decoding (HDD) of generalized product codes. Specifically, a class of spatially coupled generalized LDPC codes with Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquengham component codes is considered, and it is observed that, in the high-rate regime, they can approach capacity under the proposed iterative HDD. These codes can be seen as generalized product codes and are closely related to braided block codes. An iterative HDD algorithm is proposed that enables one to analyze the performance of these codes via density evolution.
Deep supervision for pancreatic cyst segmentation in abdominal CT scans

Automatic segmentation of an organ and its cystic region is a prerequisite of computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on pancreatic cyst segmentation in abdominal CT scan. This task is important and very useful in clinical practice yet challenging due to the low contrast in boundary, the variability in location, shape and the different stages of the pancreatic cancer. Inspired by the high relevance between the location of a pancreas and its cystic region, we introduce extra deep supervision into the segmentation network, so that cyst segmentation can be improved with the help of relatively easier pancreas segmentation. Under a reasonable transformation function, our approach can be factorized into two stages, and each stage can be efficiently optimized via gradient back-propagation throughout the deep networks. We collect a new dataset with 131 pathological samples, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest set for pancreatic cyst segmentation. Without human assistance, our approach reports a \(63.44\%\) average accuracy, measured by the Dice-Sorensen coefficient (DSC), which is higher than the number (\(60.46\%\)) without deep supervision.
Comparison of Patient Profiles From a Comprehensive Cancer Center and the General Population

Differences in cancer patient profiles between cases seen at comprehensive cancer centers and those seen in the general population are seldom assessed by means of reliable and systematically collected data. This report compares the characteristics of patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo with all reported patients diagnosed in the Western New York population. Data for this study were generated from the Roswell Park Tumor Registry and the Western New York Tumor Registry. The findings indicate that patients presenting for treatment at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, compared to the WNY cancer patient population, are more frequently diagnosed with rare tumors, are younger, and manifest later stage disease. These data may have implications for the planning and evaluation of cancer patient services at the community level.
New Super-Stiff Guide Wire

A super-stiff spring guide wire is described, which overcomes some of the drawbacks of the Lunderquist-Ring guide wire. The new wire couples maximum stiffness with a smooth, gradual transition to a floppy tip, thus decreasing the likelihood of breakage and organ perforation.
Greedy wire-sizing is linear time

The greedy wire-sizing algorithm (GWSA) has been experimentally shown to be very efficient, but no mathematical analysis on its convergence rate has ever been reported. In this paper, we consider GWSA for continuous wire sizing. We prove that GWSA converges linearly to the optimal solution, which implies that the run time of GWSA is linear with respect to the number of wire segments for any fixed precision of the solution. Moreover, we also prove that this is true for any starting solution. This is a surprising result because previously it was believed that in order to guarantee convergence, GWSA had to start from a solution in which every wire segment is set to the minimum (or maximum) possible width. Our result implies that GWSA can use a good starting solution to achieve faster convergence. We demonstrate this point by showing that the minimization of maximum delay and the minimization of area subject to maximum delay bound using Lagrangian relaxation can be sped up by more than 50%.
Magnus expansion method for two-level atom interacting with few-cycle pulse

AbstractUsing the Magnus expansion to the fourth order, we obtain analytic expressions for the atomic state of a two-level system driven by a laser pulse of arbitrary shape with small pulse area. We also determine the limitation of our obtained formulas due to limited range of convergence of the Magnus series. We compare our method to the recently developed method of Rostovtsev et al. (PRA 2009, 79, 063833) for several detunings. Our analysis shows that our technique based on the Magnus expansion can be used as a complementary method to the one in PRA 2009.
The monetary policy origins of the eurozone crisis

The eurozone crisis represents one of the greatest economic tragedies of the past century. It has caused immense human suffering, which continues to this day. The standard view attributes the economic crisis to an earlier buildup of public and private debt that was augmented by the imposition of austerity during the crisis. Although evidence exists of a relationship between the debt buildup, austerity measures, and economic growth during the crisis, that same evidence, on closer examination, points to eurozone countries’ common monetary policy as the real culprit behind the area's sharp decline in economic activity. In particular, it seems that the European Central Bank's tightening of monetary policy in 2008 and again in 2010–2011 not only caused two recessions but also sparked the sovereign debt crisis and gave teeth to the austerity programs. Such findings point to the need for a new monetary policy regime in the eurozone. The case is made for the new regime to be a targeted growth path for total money spending.