cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compact Slot Antenna With Low Dispersion for Ground Penetrating Radar Application

Highly compact slot antennas fed by coplanar waveguide were designed, fabricated, and integrated with ground penetrating radar system. The low-profile slot antenna demonstrated wide frequency bandwidth of 1.4-3.5 GHz, with over 6-dBi radiation gain and small dispersion. GPR tests in both air-coupled and ground-coupled modes with sandbox and concrete slab verified its high resolution and good penetrating capability, showing its great potential in compact under-vehicle GPR system application.
Study on the silk rice paper craft

In order to make silk rice paper,we have done many repeated tests using the prepared pulp,training white silk and dyeing silk,which are mixed in various proportions.The suspension silk of pulp well-proportioned inlaid in the paper pulp fibers,and due to hydrogen bond to produce fastness,silk rice paper was made through wet compression,dry,edging,temperature ironing process and other crafts.In addition to the characteristics of the traditional rice paper,silk rice paper has other good properties,such as visual aesthetic feeling of texture,absorbing ink,color,breathable and translucent color.
Pediatric Orthopedic Emergencies

The author details the management of common pediatric orthopedic emergencies by a pediatrician or emergency room physician before treatment by an orthopedic surgeon.
Citizen Science and Democracy: Participatory Water Monitoring in the Marcellus Shale Fracking Boom

Projections—the way that people collectively talk about the future—shape action in the present. This sociological observation has implications for citizen science initiatives that aim to confront p...
Induction of General Anesthesia

General anesthesia can be induced either by intravenous injection or inhalation of anesthetic drugs. The advantages and disadvantages of each are considered, and an effective technique for inhalation induction is described.
Acutely lethal H1N1 influenza A virus infection alters the murine alveolar type II cell surfactant lipidome

Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are a primary site of influenza A virus replication. We have shown that influenza infection significantly impairs murine ATII cell surfactant protein synthesis. However, the impact of infection on surfactant lipid metabolism has not been determined at the level of the ATII cell. We hypothesized that influenza infection results in significant dysregulation of ATII cell lipid metabolism which contributes to altered surfactant composition and impaired surfactant function in infected mice. Objective: To define effects of acutely lethal influenza A virus infection in vivo on the murine ATII cell surfactant lipidome. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with 10,000 pfu/mouse influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) or mock-infected with virus diluent. ATII cells were isolated from euthanized mice ( n =5-6/group) by a standard lung digestion protocol at 6 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.). UHPLC/MS was used to measure levels of 115 lipid-related compounds of known identity in methanol extracts from each ATII cell sample. Results: Relative to mock-infected controls, levels of more than 80% of analyzed ATII cell lipid metabolites significantly increased or decreased at 6 d.p.i. Major surfactant phospholipids (DPPC, DPPG, and phosphatidylethanolamine) significantly decreased but cholesterol and sphingosine content was higher at 6 d.p.i. Phospholipid precursors were reduced but degradatory phospholipid metabolites, palmitoylated lysophospholipids, long-chain fatty acids, and PUFAs increased. Conclusions: Altered ATII cell surfactant lipid metabolism may contribute significantly to development of reduced lung compliance and onset of ARDS in influenza-infected mice.
Consumer Finances of Low-Income Families

Serious challenges face families at the bottom of the economic ladder. The difficulties of balancing low incomes against expenditures are exacerbated by a lack of assets and insurance. We examine patterns of family asset ownership and health insurance coverage rates. A review of research focuses on selected dimensions of the financial environment of low-income families: the phenomena of the “unbanked,” home ownership trends, credit use and predatory lending. In each of these areas, additional research is needed to identify ways to help families not only meet their needs, but also to accumulate assets that promote long-term economic well-being.
Resource intensification and osteoarthritis patterns: changes in activity in the prehistoric Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region.

Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeological research from Central California document a shift from the use of lower-cost, high-ranked resources (e.g., large game) toward the greater use of higher-cost, low-ranked resources (e.g., acorns and small seeds) during the Late Holocene (4500-200 BP). The subsistence transition from higher consumption of large game toward an increased reliance on acorns was likely associated with increases in levels of logistical mobility and physical activity. This study predicts that mobility and overall workload patterns changed during this transition to accommodate new food procurement strategies and incorporate new dietary resources during the Late Holocene in Central California.Osteoarthritis prevalence was scored in the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee of adult individuals (n = 256) from seven archaeological sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region. Comparisons were made between osteoarthritis prevalence, sex, age-at-death, and time period using ANCOVAs.The results of this study indicate significant increases in osteoarthritis prevalence in the hip of adult males and females during the Late Period (1200-200 BP), even after correcting for the cumulative effects of age. No differences were observed between the sexes or between time periods for the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.The temporal increase in hip osteoarthritis supports the hypothesis that there was an increasing need for greater logistical mobility over time to procure key resources away from the village sites. Additionally, the lack of sex differences in osteoarthritis prevalence may suggest that females and males likely performed similar levels of activity during these periods.
Salvage prostatectomy for post-radiation adenocarcinoma with treatment effect: Pathological and oncological outcomes.

Introduction: Prostate biopsies following localized radiation therapy for prostate cancer often demonstrate residual prostatic carcinoma with treatment effect (CTE). The final oncological outcome of prostatic CTE is currently uncertain. We studied the pathological and oncological outcomes for a large cohort of patients who had CTE on post-radiation therapy biopsy and subsequently underwent salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP). Methods: A single-centre retrospective review of all SRPs performed from 1995‒2014 was performed. Cases were selected for this analysis if they had had a post-radiation “for-cause” biopsy. Biopsy results were compared to final pathology results following SRP. Pathological and clinical outcomes were compared by extent of treatment effect seen on the post-radiation biopsy. Results: A total of 70 patients who had salvage prostatectomy at MD Anderson Cancer Centre from 2007‒2015 met study criteria. CTE was found on biopsy in the absence of other adenocarcinoma in 16 patients. Among them, one (7%) patient had no evidence of carcinoma at the time of salvage prostatectomy, four (27%) had CTE, three (20%) had adenocarcinoma with minimal or partial treatment effect (PTE), and seven (47%) had adenocarcinoma with no treatment effect (NTE). For those with CTE on biopsy, 69% had biochemical recurrence at a median time of 0.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.22‒1.52) vs. 52% for all patients (median 0.44 years, IQR 0.11‒1.70) and 47% for those with no treatment effect (median 0.62 years, IQR 0.05‒1.90). Metastasis developed after salvage prostatectomy in 11.8% of the whole cohort (8/68, median time to metastasis was 3.03 years, IQR 2.45‒4.47), 26.7% of patients with CTE (median 3.2 years, IQR 1.96‒4.44), and 6.7% of patients with NTE (median 2.45 years, IQR 0.98‒2.86). Median recurrence-free survival was 2.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84‒5.43) for all patients, 0.51 years (95% CI 0.22‒2.35) for those with CTE, and 4.95 years (95% CI 0.95‒7.08) for those with NTE; the difference was not significant (p=0.13). On multivariate analysis, pre-SRP biopsy Gleason grade <7 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38; 95% CI 0.14‒1.02) and number of biopsy cores positive for carcinoma (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00‒1.22) were significant for prediction of cancer recurrence. Conclusions: Patients undergoing salvage prostatectomy for CTE or PTE demonstrated in a for-cause biopsy after radiation therapy had pathological evidence of viable, untreated cancer in more than 50% of cases and were at significant risk of adverse pathological features. Patients with CTE may therefore benefit from salvage radical prostatectomy. Our study is limited by its retrospective nature and sample size. More studies are required to further validate our findings and assess the benefit of SRP in this population.
Echo: Doppler III

Assessing for and grading of diastolic dysfunction is important both from a diagnostic and prognostic standpoint. The presence of elevated filling pressures is associated with worse clinical outcomes in both preserved and reduced ejection fractions. In the setting of systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction is always present, and grading depends largely on mitral inflow patterns. When the ejection fraction is preserved, it is important to incorporate evidence for myocardial dysfunction from 2D imaging. Grading of diastolic dysfunction depends on mitral inflow, tissue Doppler imaging, peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity, and increased left atrial volumes.
Validating a Rapid, Automated Test of Spatial Release From Masking

Purpose To evaluate the test–retest reliability of a headphone-based spatial release from a masking task with two maskers (referred to here as the SR2) and to describe its relationship to the same ...
The relationship between neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function and lobar cortical thickness

Introduction: Tests of visuospatial function are often administered in comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. These tests are generally considered assays of parietal lobe function; however, ...
Forensic Nursing State of the Science: Research and Practice Opportunities.

Introduction The International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) is the only nursing organization advancing the forensic nursing specialty. The organization seeks to advance the profession, and one mechanism for doing so is development of a research agenda. Methods The purpose of this action-based research study was to aid in the development of a forensic nursing research agenda. The study was carried out in two integral stages: (a) focus groups with IAFN members attending the annual conference and (b) reviewing posted IAFN member listserv material. Results The findings of this study identified similar gaps of other nursing specialties experiencing "growing pains," including role confusion and variation in educational preparation. Conclusion Findings from this study will inform development of the IAFN 5-year research agenda to advance forensic nursing science and evidence-based practice.
Reservoir simulation with the cubic plus (cross-) association equation of state for water, CO 2 , hydrocarbons, and tracers

Abstract This work presents an efficient reservoir simulation framework for multicomponent, multiphase, compressible flow, based on the cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of state (EOS). CPA is an accurate EOS for mixtures that contain non-polar hydrocarbons, self-associating polar water, and cross-associating molecules like methane, ethane, unsaturated hydrocarbons, CO2, and H2S. While CPA is accurate, its mathematical formulation is highly non-linear, resulting in excessive computational costs that have made the EOS unfeasible for large scale reservoir simulations. This work presents algorithms that overcome these bottlenecks and achieve an efficiency comparable to the much simpler cubic EOS approach. The main applications that require such accurate phase behavior modeling are 1) the study of methane leakage from high-pressure production wells and its potential impact on groundwater resources, 2) modeling of geological CO2 sequestration in brine aquifers when one is interested in more than the CO2 and H2O components, e.g. methane, other light hydrocarbons, and various tracers, and 3) enhanced oil recovery by CO2 injection in reservoirs that have previously been waterflooded or contain connate water. We present numerical examples of all those scenarios, extensive validation of the CPA EOS with experimental data, and analyses of the efficiency of our proposed numerical schemes. The accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the presented phase split computations pave the way to more widespread adoption of CPA in reservoir simulators.
What Might Go Wrong with Lan Design and Implementation

This article discusses several possible problems/issues involved in the design and implementation of local area networks (LAN) based on case studies. Major problems identified can be summarized as ...
Phenomenography as a Foundation for Mixed Models Research

Phenomenography is a methodological paradigm, which emphasizes personal conceptions as a necessary construct to understand the relationship between the physical events that people experience and th...
Myeloid cell contributions to cardiovascular health and disease

Recent advances in cell tracing and sequencing technologies have expanded our knowledge on leukocyte behavior. As a consequence, inflammatory cells, such as monocyte-derived macrophages, and their actions and products are increasingly being considered as potential drug targets for treatment of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Particularly promising developments are the identification of harmful arterial and cardiac macrophage subsets, the cells’ altered, sometimes even clonal production in hematopoietic organs, and epigenetically entrained memories of myeloid progenitors and macrophages in the setting of cardiovascular disease. Given the roles of monocytes and macrophages in host defense, intricately understanding the involved cellular subsets, sources and functions is essential for the design of precision therapeutics that preserve protective innate immunity. Here I review how new clinical and preclinical data, often linking the cardiovascular, immune and other organ systems, propel conceptual advances to a point where cardiovascular immunotherapy appears within reach. The precise link between macrophages and cardiovascular disease is emerging from mouse studies and clinical trials, providing new therapeutic avenues.
Fiduciary Principles in Employment Law

Employees are agents of their employers, and in some cases, are in a position to undermine the interests of their employers in ways that the employers cannot fully anticipate or contractually protect themselves against. While most jurisdictions historically treated all employees as fiduciaries of their employers, by now only a minority of jurisdictions regards all employees as fiduciaries. Most states treat only high-level employees of “trust and confidence” as fiduciaries, while other employees owe a lesser duty of loyalty. Some scholars have made arguments in support of recognizing employers as fiduciaries to employees, but as yet, employers owe neither fiduciary duties nor any lesser duty of loyalty to employees. Only employer-related entities such as pension funds and employee stock option programs owe fiduciary duties to employees under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The doctrinal status and conceptual basis for the fiduciary duties of employees are discussed in Part I. Part II addresses fiduciary duties under ERISA. Part III touches on potential fiduciary duties of employers.
EVIDENCE FOR A BAND TAIL ON THE CONDUCTION BAND EDGE OF THERMAL SiO2 FROM PHOTON ASSISTED TUNNELING MEASUREMENTS

Photon assisted tunneling measurements of electrons at the Al/SiO 2 interface have been extended into the range 0.4 eV ≥ ϕ ≥ 0.1 eV, where ϕ = ϕ B -h v is the effective tunneling barrier, ϕ B is the Al/SiO 2 barrier height and h v is the incident photon energy. When the effective barriers are smallest, the tunneling characteristics correspond to anomalously high barriers, i.e. ϕ B seems to increase with photon energy. This apparent anomaly can be resolved with the assumption that a band tail of 0.1 eV exists on the SiO 2 conduction band edge.
Biomechanics of Pitching

Baseball pitching is one of the most demanding activities in sports on the human body. In an activity where maximum speeds have been measured at 100 mph, the demand on the throwing arm is great, especially at the shoulder and elbow. While maximizing the speed of the ball is not the ultimate goal of pitching, it often improves the chances for getting the hitter out. A good fastball is typically the first pitch a young pitcher will learn to throw, followed by change-up, curveball and slider (Andrews and Fleisig, 1996).
Ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and paclitaxel chemotherapy: A dose- escalation study

Ifosfamide, carboplatin, cisplatin, etoposide, and paclitaxel are chemotherapeutic agents active in treating many malignant diseases. The ICE combination (ifosfamide/carboplatin [or cisplatin]/etoposide) has been studied in breast cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphoma, and other malignancies with promising results. We conducted a dose-escalation study of paclitaxel in combination with ICE (ICE-T) to evaluate the toxicity and define the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel. To date, 24 patients have been treated with ICE-T. Patients had to have no or minimal prior chemotherapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate bone marrow, liver, and kidney function. The doses of ICE were as follows: ifosfamide 1.25 g/m2/d days 1 to 3, carboplatin 300 mg/m2 day 1, and etoposide 80 mg/m2/d days 1 to 3. Paclitaxel was given at a dose of 120 mg/m2 to five patients, 135 mg/m2 to five patients, 150 mg/m2 to three patients, and 175 mg/m2 to 11 patients. All patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. The most common side effect was neutropenia. Grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred during 34% and 20% of 94 cycles, respectively, with leukopenic fever occurring during 14% of cycles. No treatment-related death or sepsis occurred due to brief nadir durations of 3.5 days for neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Other toxicities were mostly mild to moderate and did not require dose modification, although alopecia was universal. Nine patients (100%) with metastatic breast cancer and four (67%) with soft tissue sarcoma have attained documented objective responses with four complete remissions (one breast cancer and three sarcoma patients). The maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel has not yet been defined, and the study is ongoing. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that ICE-T is safe and tolerable. The response to ICE-T is encouraging and warrants further study with this regimen.
Isozyme Number and Phylogeny

The origin and establishment of certain gene duplications may reflect a unique and non-repeatable series of events in a given lineage. When this is the case, species which possess the same duplication inherited it from a common ancestor and constitute a monophyletic assemblage. Thus the duplication of the gene specifying the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase, recently identified in Clarkia (Onagraceae), native in California, was used to realign the phylogenetic relationships of four sections of the genus previously thought to derive from different ancestral stocks. In another application, the ploidy level of certain species of Astereae was determined on the basis of the number of their isozymes, thereby providing new evidence regarding the basic chromosome number in the group. Isozyme number rather than allozyme variation may be applied in many phylogenetic studies above the species level.
Intact glycosphingolipidomic analysis of the cell membrane during differentiation yields extensive glycan and lipid changes

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are found in cellular membranes of most organisms and play important roles in cell-cell recognition, signaling, growth, and adhesion, among others. A method based on nanoflow high performance liquid chromatography-chip-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (nanoHPLC Chip-Q-TOF MS) was applied towards identifying and quantifying intact GSLs from a variety of samples, including cultured cell lines and animal tissue. The method provides the composition and sequence of the glycan, as well as variations in the ceramide portion of the GSL. It was used to profile the changes in the glycolipidome of Caco-2 cells as they undergo differentiation. A total of 226 unique GSLs were found among Caco-2 samples from five differentiation time-points. The method provided a comprehensive glycolipidomic profile of a cell during differentiation to yield the dynamic variation of intact GSL structures.
Organ donation education in the ICU setting: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of family preferences

Abstract Purpose Determine family-centered methods of providing organ donation education to families in ICU waiting rooms. Materials and methods We performed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews and quantitative analysis of paper surveys of family members of 118 ICU patients in the acute ICU setting. Results Twelve interviews and 152 surveys (66% response rate) were completed. Respondents' knowledge of organ donation processes was incomplete: only 32% answered all of four questions about donation correctly. No significant correlation was found between respondents' objective knowledge scores and their self-reported donation knowledge (ρ = 0.07, p = .46). Seventy-five percent of respondents (110/147) thought receiving donation information during the ICU stay would aid their decision-making regarding donation. The most preferred methods of receiving information were via a website link (94% positive or neutral response) or brochures in the waiting room (89% positive or neutral), while the least preferred methods were having brochures in the ICU admission packet (24% negative) and a poster in the ICU waiting room (22% negative). Conclusions ICU families desire accurate information about organ donation, and are receptive to its provision in the acute ICU setting. Family-centered approaches to information delivery may enhance understanding of organ donation processes and aid decision-making about organ donation.
Making revolution everyday: quotidian performance and utopian imagination in Egypt's streets and squares

ABSTRACTAfter Egypt's 2011 uprising was quashed, independent dramatists worked to revive utopian revolutionary communities through public performance. This essay analyzes the arts festival Art is an Open Square (2012), and a clown show for refugees by Cairo's Red Tomato troupe (2014), as attempts at everyday utopia. When public activism was banned, these performances in streets and squares adapted quotidian repertoires of festivity and hospitality to stage heterogeneous publics. Analyzing the performances as attempts at activating the utopian within the quotidian, I evaluate the efficacy of such minor scenarios of revolutionary citizenship, devised to sustain hope in oppressive times.
Probing the Bacteriochlorophyll Binding Site Requirements of the Core Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosynthetic Bacteria Using BChl Analogs

The methodology developed (1–3) for reconstitution of the light-harvesting (LH) complex of Rhodospirillum rubrum, B873, and its structural subunit (B820) has made it possible to begin probing structural requirements of the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) binding site(s). Using the separately-isolated α- and β-polypeptides of R. rubrum and a series of BChl a analogs, evidence was obtained for the importance of three functional groups and of the oxidation state of the macrocyclic ring for B820 and B873 formation, as well as for a role for the esterifying alcohol (tail) in stabilizing the B820 complex. In this paper, the results are summarized and the role of the esterifying alcohol in B820 and B873 formation is discussed. A more detailed account of the experiments and methodology will be published elsewhere.
Effect of ζ-Potentials on Bubble-Particle Interactions

Derjaguin and Dukhin (1961) were the first to develop a model for bubble-particle interaction in flotation from first principles by considering the surface forces in wetting (or flotation) films. The model predicted that the energy barriers to bubble-particle attachment arise from the ζ-potentials of fine particles, which corroborates well with an earlier work of Fuerstenau (1957) reported for the flotation of quartz using dodecyl ammonium acetate (DAA) as collector. In the present work, a series of surface force measurements have been conducted by accurately monitoring the changes in bubble curvature during bubble-silica surface interactions. The curvature changes are then used to determine the capillary force, which is the sum of the hydrodynamic and surface forces. By subtracting the former that can also be determined from the curvature changes, one obtains the surface forces (or disjoining pressure). The results obtained as functions of pH and collector concentrations show that control of the ζ-potentials of bubbles relative to those of the silica surfaces is critical for maximizing the negative disjoining pressure, which is conducive to promoting bubble-particle attachment in flotation.
Hélène Allatini, “Il et Elle” (“He and She”), from Mosaïques (1939)*

Figure 1. Lili, Paris, 1926. Man into Woman (1933), facing p. 40.Pamela L. CaughieIn March 1930 Danish artist Einar Wegener traveled from his home in Paris to the famous Institute for Sexual Scienc...
Tissue Engineering Techniques for the Reconstruction of the Atrophic and Local Maxillary Defect

Craniomaxillofacial hard tissue reconstruction is necessary to restore tissue defects caused by natural postdental extraction bone resorption, trauma, tumor removal, or congenital abnormality. The use of autologous native tissue necessitates a second morbidity to the patient, especially when a large amount of native tissue is required to repair the defect.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Functional Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Abstract Background: Nicotine may have neuroprotective effects on the injured brain through modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the ICH Outcomes Project from 2009 to 2017. Patients with age ≥18 years and baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2 were included. Smoking patterns were categorized as recent smoker (≤30 days prior to ICH) and not recent smoker (>30 days prior to ICH). Not recent smokers were further categorized into former smokers and nonsmokers. The primary outcome was good outcome (90-day mRS ≤ 2). Secondary outcomes were excellent outcome (90-day mRS 0-1), 90-day Barthel Index, and in-hospital and 90-day mortality. Results: The study cohort comprised 545 patients, including 60 recent smokers and 485 not recent smokers. Recent smokers had higher rates of good (35% versus 23%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.787, P = .047) and excellent (25% versus 13%; OR = 2.220, P = .015) outcomes compared to not recent smokers. These differences were not significant after baseline adjustments. Recent smokers had higher rates of good (36% versus 24%; OR = 1.732, P = .063) and excellent (25% versus 13%; OR = 2.203, P = .018) outcomes compared to nonsmokers. These differences were not significant after baseline adjustments. A 90-day Barthel Index, in-hospital, and 90-day mortality were comparable between recent and not recent smokers, recent and nonsmokers, and former and nonsmokers. Conclusions: Despite potential neuroprotective effects of nicotine found in cigarettes, these may be outweighed by the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on health outcomes.
From Capitulations to Unequal Treaties: The Matter of an Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in the Ottoman Empire

285 I. A Sovereignty in Abeyance: Premise 286 II. Dialogue by Capitulations 291 III. Understand and Legitimize: The Immiscibility, Extraterritoriality and Nationality Criteria ... 293 IV. From Capitulations to Unequal Treaties: The Literary Places of the Exception 298 V. Ottoman Empire: The Elusive Sovereignty and the Great Expectations 301
Embryology of Sexual Differentiation

The disorders of sexual differentiation consist of a group of diverse disorders. They occur as a consequence of failure in the generation of the normal signals required for proper differentiation. In some instances, these disorders can be recognized at birth, but in many instances they manifest at the time of puberty with hypogonadism. To understand the varied mechanisms that underlie this fascinating group of disorders, it is essential to review the basic principles involved in the normal differentiation of the fetus into the male or female infant.
Toward a Theory of Latino Male Occupational Identity Development: The Role of Peer Identification

This article is the third of a three-part qualitative study that retrospectively explored the pre-adult occupational identity development of 20 working-class and white-collar young Latino men. The ...
Teaching NeuroImages: Delayed nonischemic cerebral enhancing lesions post endovascular coil embolization

A 50-year-old woman underwent embolization of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, via the left internal carotid artery, using the penumbra SMART coil system. Follow-up CT angiography at 16 months revealed a 2-mm hyperdense lesion in the left parietal lobe (figure 1). MRI confirmed multiple punctate enhancing foci with surrounding edema favored to represent nonischemic cerebral enhancing (NICE) lesions (figure 2). NICE lesions are rare complications of coil embolization putatively associated with nickel allergy or coil emboli,1 although the SMART coil system is platinum based. The patient remained asymptomatic and further workup was withheld. Follow-up MRI at 1.5 months showed resolution.
Basket study of the oral progesterone antagonist onapristone ER in women with progesterone receptor positive (PR+) recurrent granulosa cell tumor (GCT), low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC), or endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).

TPS6098Background: Onapristone extended release (ER) is a type I full progesterone antagonist that inhibits progesterone mediated PR activation and stabilizes PR association with corepressors. Onap...
"Try your best": parent behaviors during administration of an online language assessment tool for bilingual Mandarin-English children

The world is becoming increasingly multilingual. In the U.S., despite rapid growth in linguistic diversity, there is a complete lack of multilingual language assessment tools and a severe shortage of multilingual clinicians to detect language impairments among children who speak minority languages. To develop accessible child language assessment tools, we designed MECO-LAB, a web-based bilingual Mandarin-English assessment that uses parents as one of the potential groups of test administrators. We analyzed 16 videos of child-parent dyads and found that with minimal instructions, the majority (11 out of 16) of parents were capable of administering MECO-LAB to their children. We identified 296 interference and 381 support behaviors from parents that are influenced by linguistic, cognitive, emotional, and technical factors that researchers should consider when designing online language assessments. We proposed design recommendations for supporting child-parent interactions in similar applications that enable parents to administer online bilingual language assessments to their children.
Should We Continue Wasting Hearts? Outcomes of Heart Transplantation From Hepatitis C Donors: A Systematic Literature Review

Background The number of patients dying awaiting heart transplantation (HT) can be reduced through HT from Hepatitis C nucleic acid test positive donors (HCV+D) to negative recipients (HCV-R). This strategy remains underused. Objective Analyze the outcomes of HT from HCV+D to HCV-R, of several transplant centers in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAA). Methods We searched for literature published from January 2015 to April 2020 with “Hepatitis C Virus” & “Heart Transplantation” as keywords. Results We identified 195 HT from HCV+D to HCV-R, done in 12 centers, reported as part of clinical studies, case reports, or case series. There were no deaths reported due to HCV infection in recipients of HCV+D and their survivals at 1, 6, and 12 months were 96.2, 93.2, and 89.3 percent, respectively (table 1). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR-12) was achieved in all cases where the data were available. HCV was transmitted via HT to 97.6% of the reported subjects, and all with viremia received DAA. DAA was started after identifying viremia (delayed strategy) in 10 centers, and in 2 of them preemptively (immediately after HT). DAA duration was intended for 12 weeks in the delayed regimen, and 4 in the preemptive, with no difference in SVR-12. Within the preemptive regimen, no changes or extension of DAA were reported, while 5 subjects in the delayed regimen required either changes or extensions (to 24 weeks) of the initial DAA. Conclusions HCV is highly contagious via HT. Current DAA provides an excellent cure rate, with all cases reported to date achieving SVR-12. For those under a preemptive regimen, no changes or extension in DAA were required. Recipients of hearts from HCV+D had an excellent survival, and no deaths related to HCV were reported.
Tier 2 Behavior Interventions: By the Student, for the Student

Research suggests that students are more invested in behavior interventions when they are involved in the development process. Tier 2 behavior interventions in a positive behavior interventions and...
The Relationship of Intra-Individual Release Variability with Distance and Shooting Performance in Basketball

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of release parameter changes within individuals (intra-individual) on basketball shooting performance across both free throws and three-point shots, and identify whether any velocity dependence exists. Twelve male basketball players were recorded shooting seventy-five three-point shots (6.75 m) and fifty free throws (4.19 m). Ball release parameters were estimated by combining an analytic trajectory model including drag, a least squares estimator, and gradient-based release distance compensation. Intra-individual release velocity standard deviations (SD) were found to be significantly smaller across all distances ([0.05-0.13 m/s] when compared to statistics reported by other studies [0.2-0.8 m/s]). Despite an increase in lower body motion and a 24% increase in release velocity (p < 0.001) as shooting distance increased, no increases in intra-individual release velocity or angle SD were observed indicating velocity-dependent changes in release parameters were absent. Shooting performance was found to be strongly correlated to the release velocity SD (r = -0.96, p < 0.001, for three-point shots, and r = -0.88, p < 0.001, for free throws). Release angle SD (1.2 ± 0.24 deg, for three-point shots, and 1.3 ± 0.26 deg, for free throws) showed no increase with distance and unrelated to performance. These findings suggest that velocity-dependent factors have minimal contribution to shooting strategies and an individual's ability to control release velocity at any distance is a primary factor in determining their shooting performance.
Ultra-lightweight living structural material for enhanced stiffness and environmental sensing

Natural materials such as bone, wood, and bamboo can inspire the fabrication of stiff, lightweight structural materials. Biofilms are one of the most dominant forms of life in nature. However, little is known about their physical properties as a structural material. Here we report an Escherichia coli biofilm having a Young′s modulus close to 10 GPa with ultra-low density, indicating a high-performance structural material. The mechanical and structural characterization of the biofilm and its components illuminates its adaptable bottom-up design, consisting of lightweight microscale cells covered by a dense network of amyloid nanofibrils on the surface. We engineered E. coli such that 1) carbon nanotubes assembled on the biofilm, enhancing its stiffness to over 30 GPa, or that 2) the biofilm sensitively detected heavy metal as an example of an environmental toxin. These demonstrations offer new opportunities for developing responsive living structural materials to serve many real-world applications.
Riboswitch Mechanisms: New Tricks for an Old Dog

Discovered almost twenty years ago, riboswitches turned out to be one of the most common regulatory systems in bacteria, with representatives found in eukaryotes and archaea. Unlike many other regulatory elements, riboswitches are entirely composed of RNA and capable of modulating expression of genes by direct binding of small cellular molecules. While bacterial riboswitches had been initially thought to control production of enzymes and transporters associated with small organic molecules via feedback regulatory circuits, later findings identified riboswitches directing expression of a wide range of genes and responding to various classes of molecules, including ions, signaling molecules, and others. The 5'-untranslated mRNA regions host a vast majority of riboswitches, which modulate transcription or translation of downstream genes through conformational rearrangements in the ligand-sensing domains and adjacent expression-controlling platforms. Over years, the repertoire of regulatory mechanisms employed by riboswitches has greatly expanded; most recent studies have highlighted the importance of alternative mechanisms, such as RNA degradation, for the riboswitch-mediated genetic circuits. This review discusses the plethora of bacterial riboswitch mechanisms and illustrates how riboswitches utilize different features and approaches to elicit various regulatory responses.
Dimensions and Challenges of the US Water Supply Industry

Statistics of the US water supply industry are presented. Sources include the US Environmental Protection Agency and the American Water Works Association. Statistics include: operational data, financial operations, industry employment, infrastructure data and water quality.
Doctoral seminars in marketing theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue for including historical perspectives in doctoral seminars in marketing theory.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes how marketing history is currently incorporated into the author's doctoral seminar in marketing theory.Findings – The author's doctoral seminar in marketing theory incorporates history in three ways: the assignment of specific historical articles, the use of historically oriented, supplementary readings, and the use of history to examine specific controversies.Originality/value – Rather than marketing history and marketing theory being competitors, they complement each other well in doctoral seminars.
13 – International Trade

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses international trade. Nations trade because trade is mutually advantageous—both parties to an exchange are better off. Most trade takes place in goods and services that either trading partner could produce. Trade that takes place according to comparative advantage is beneficial for all countries involved, increases total production, and tends to conserve scarce natural resources. Trade is restricted through the use of tariffs and quotas. Tariffs are taxes on imports; quotas are physical limitations on the amounts of imports. Both reduce the amounts of imported goods. The costs of tariffs are shared to a varying degree by consumers and producers, depending on the characteristics of the demand for imported goods. Most economists think that tariffs and quotas are detrimental to the economy because they disrupt the mutually beneficial trade flows. Tariffs and quotas benefit certain groups in the economy at the expense of consumers in general and foreign producers.
Whistle-Blowing in the Classroom: The Influence of Students’ Perceptions of Whistleblowers

This study surveyed 309 business students (180 men and 129 women) enrolled in introductory accounting and business law classes on various aspects of honesty in academics. The study examines students’ perceptions of whistleblowers and whether these perceptions associate with their intentions to blow the whistle if they observe cheating. When examining a student’s intent to blow the whistle, we considered students’ prior cheating behavior, gender, social desirability response bias, intentions to cheat in the future, perceptions of whistleblowers, and prior blowing the whistle. Our research indicates that students who had blown the whistle in the past and/or had positive perceptions of whistleblowers were more likely to blow the whistle in the future. Knowing a student who regularly cheats, or having observed a student cheating, reduced the probability of blowing the whistle in the future. Finally, students who have cheated on a minor examination were also less likely to blow the whistle in the future.
Patagifer lamothei n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) from the white ibis Eudocimus albus (Threskiornithidae) from Texas, USA

During a study of the endohelminths of wading birds from the Texas Gulf coast, 12 specimens of an undescribed species of Patagifer Dietz, 1909 (Echinostomatidae: Nephrostominae) were collected from 2 of 8 white ibis, Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) (Threskiornithidae), from the Galveston and Brazos County areas of Texas, USA. Patagifer lamothei n. sp. can be distinguished from P. bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819), P. brygooi Richard, 1964, P. consimilis Dietz, 1909, and P. fraternus Johnston, 1917, where the testes are close together (contiguous to nearly contiguous), the ovary is close to the anterior testis (a distance that is less than the length of the ovary), and the posttesticular space is less extensive, by having the testes separated from each other by a distance approximately equal to or greater than the length of the ovary, the ovary positioned about the length or longer of the ovary from the anterior testis, and by having a more extensive posttesticular space. In addition, the ovary of the new species is located just ahead of midbody rather than being at midbody, as is seen in P. bilobus, P. fraternus, and P. vioscai Lumsden, 1962, or below midbody, as is the case in P. brygooi and P. consimilis. The new species is most like P. simarai Nigam, 1944 in the similar distance between testes, position of the ovary, and the posttesticular space (30�36% of the body length). The new species differs from P. simarai by having a smaller body size, a smaller oral sucker and pharynx, a smaller acetabulum, ovary, testes, cirrus sac, and smaller spines on the margin of the collar, but larger corner spines, and the ovary of the new species is located immediately anterior to the midbody, while in P. simarai it is located well ahead of the midbody.
Effects of predator species, vegetation and prey assemblage on prey preferences of predators with emphasis on vulnerability of age-0 common carp

Predation is an important force structuring aquatic communities, but predator–prey interactions are complex and regulated by multiple factors. Invasive fishes may interact with native fishes to alter predator–prey preferences and community dynamics. For example, common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., is an invasive species that can become abundant and negatively affect aquatic ecosystems. Juvenile common carp are occasionally found in predator diets, but predator preferences for common carp compared with alternative prey remains unknown. Prey selection and feeding behaviour of five piscivores (flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque); largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede); smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu Lacepede; walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill); and northern pike, Esox lucius L.) foraging on juvenile common carp and two alternative prey (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens Mitchill) at variable densities and habitats were evaluated. Common carp and fathead minnow were generally selected for or neutrally selected across predator species, habitat types and prey assemblages. By contrast, yellow perch was generally selected against. Common carp were easily captured but difficult to manipulate and ingest compared with other prey. These results reveal that common carp are vulnerable to a variety of predators, suggesting control of this detrimental invader may be possible through biomanipulation.
Communication: The ground electronic state of Si2C: Rovibrational level structure, quantum monodromy, and astrophysical implications.

We report the gas-phase optical detection of Si2C near 390 nm and the first experimental investigation of the rovibrational structure of its 1A1 ground electronic state using mass-resolved and fluorescence spectroscopy and variational calculations performed on a high-level ab initio potential. From this joint study, it is possible to assign all observed Ka = 1 vibrational levels up to 3800 cm−1 with confidence, as well as a number of levels in the Ka = 0, 2, and 3 manifolds. Dixon-dip plots for the bending coordinate (ν2) allow an experimental determination of a barrier to linearity of 783(48) cm−1 (2σ), in good agreement with theory (802(9) cm−1). The calculated (Ka, ν2) eigenvalue lattice shows an archetypal example of quantum monodromy (absence of a globally valid set of quantum numbers) that is reflected by the experimentally observed rovibrational levels. The present study provides a solid foundation for infrared and optical surveys of Si2C in astronomical objects, particularly in the photosphere of...
Spherical statistics for characterizing the spatial distribution of deep brain stimulation effects on neuronal activity

Abstract Background Computational models of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have played a key role in understanding its physiological mechanisms. By estimating a volume of tissue directly modulated by DBS, one can relate the neuronal pathways within those volumes to the therapeutic efficacy of a particular DBS setting. New method A spherical statistical framework is described to quantify and determine salient features of such morphologies using visualization techniques, empirical shape analysis, and formal hypothesis testing. This framework is shown using a 3D model of thalamocortical neurons surrounding a radially-segmented DBS array. Results We show that neuronal population volumes modulated by various DBS electrode configurations can be characterized by parametric distribution models, such as Kent and Watson girdle models. Distribution parameters were found to change with stimulus settings, including amplitude and radial distance from the DBS array. Increasing stimulation amplitude through a single electrode resulted in more diffuse neuronal activation and increased rotational symmetry about the mean direction of the activated population. When stimulation amplitude was held constant, the activated neuronal population distribution was more concentrated with distance from the DBS array and was also more rotationally asymmetric. We also show how data representation (e.g. stimulus-entrained cell body vs. axon node) can significantly alter model distribution shape. Comparison to existing methods This statistical framework provides a quantitative method to analyze the spatial morphologies of DBS-induced effects on neuronal activity. Conclusions The application of spherical statistics to assess spatial distributions of neuronal activity has potential usefulness for numerous other recording, labeling, and stimulation modalities.