cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domestic and International Shipping of Biospecimens

The packaging and shipment of biospecimens is a multistep process for which a distinct set of regulations needs to be followed, depending on whether a biospecimen is shipped domestically or internationally and whether the shipment contains hazardous materials. Shipments may be delayed if these regulations are not followed. Once learned, the process is straightforward. Major principles include double or triple packaging, adequate absorbent material, appropriate coolant, accurate labeling, and complete documentation. Training in packaging and shipping is often offered at major biomedical institutions and is a requirement to avoid shipping biohazards.
Relativism, Contextualism, and Temporal Perspective

espanolEste articulo defiende que ninguna proposicion puede tener un valor de verdad variable. Ello quiere decir que cualquier aproximacion al significado y la verdad que tiene por base una nocion de proposicion con valor de verdad variable nunca puede llevar razon. El principal motivo es que todo contexto de evaluacion para dichos valores de verdad siempre estara dominado por una perspectiva temporal (dependiente del trasfondo comunicativo que hablante y audiencia comparten) y tan solo una explicacion que tenga en cuenta dicho fenomeno puede proporcionar una solucion viable al problema del aparente cambio de valor de verdad de algunas de las oraciones de nuestros lenguajes naturales. EnglishThis article argues that there is no such thing as a proposition with variable truth-values, at least when considering English tensed sentences. This means that any account of meaning and truth that appeals to a notion of proposition with different truth-values at different times is necessarily at fault. The reason is that any evaluation context is always dominated by a temporal perspective beyond both speaker and audience and embedded to the communicational common ground. Only an approach that takes this into consideration is successful.
The Portrait of a Dying Child.

The portrait of a dying child is an homage to a child's journey from initial diagnosis to the terminal stages of illness in metastatic neuroblastoma, raising the critical question of the importance of defining a beautiful death – a concept I first came across as a literature student in Henrik Ibsen's renowned tragedy Hedda Gabler. In this article, we discuss a case study of a child named Peter (real names have been changed to maintain the confidentiality of the patient) and his family, whom I met during my oncology rotation as a junior pediatric resident, and various aspects of care – ranging from symptom management, pain control, the family as an emotional and spiritual unit and complications of metastatic disease. Interlaced amidst references of current practices related to pain control and palliation of symptoms are quotes from Dr Myra BluebondLangner's books and a personal encounter with the child to construct the child as a child and not another dying patient. The enigma of the definition of a beautiful death is also discussed from the patient and the family's point of view. An ideal medical death would be one without pain and with optimal symptom control; however, a beautiful death is so much more – encompassing a peaceful passing surrounded not by machines but by happiness around and at heart. We hope this article would encourage pediatricians to continue to practice pediatric palliative care in the daily setting when dealing with critically ill patients or children in their final stages of life.
Reuse of carbon fiber composite materials in porous hot mix asphalt to enhance strength and durability

Abstract Porous hot mix asphalt (PHMA) allows runoff to infiltrate through the pavement. Cured carbon fiber composite materials (CCFCM)s from aerospace production lines were ground into three size groups (Fine, Medium, and Large) and reused as reinforcement agents for PHMA in comparison to commercial synthetic fiber. The Fine CCFCMs premixed with liquid asphalt binder performed the best to reinforce PHMA in terms of indirect tensile strength and cracking resistance at both 25 °C and −10 °C. The addition of fine CCFCMs and synthetic fibers reduced the porosity by 17% and infiltration rate by up to 20%, while both fibers showed to prevent draindown of asphalt binder at an elevated temperature. The PHMA reinforced with the Fine CCFCMs performed the best in rutting resistance.
An extension of de Vries duality to normal spaces and locally compact Hausdorff spaces

Abstract By de Vries duality, the category of compact Hausdorff spaces is dually equivalent to the category of de Vries algebras. In a recent article, we have extended de Vries duality to completely regular spaces by generalizing de Vries algebras to de Vries extensions. To illustrate the utility of this point of view, we show how to use this new duality to obtain algebraic counterparts of normal and locally compact Hausdorff spaces in the form of de Vries extensions that are subject to additional axioms which encode the desired topological property. This, in particular, yields a different perspective on de Vries duality. As a further application, we show that a duality for locally compact Hausdorff spaces due to Dimov can be obtained from our approach.
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)

The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM; Rogers and Dawson in The Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism: Promoting Language, Learning, and Engagement. Guilford Press, New York, 2010) is an evidence-based early intervention designed to promote developmental and social communication skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 12 and 60 months. The ESDM is characterized as a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI; Schreibman et al. in Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically validated treatments for autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 45(8):2411–2428, 2015), indicating that it shares commonalities with a number of similar types of early interventions including delivery in natural contexts, shared control between the child and clinician, and use of behavioral principles/natural contingencies. The ESDM is particularly well suited for an interdisciplinary approach to care for young children on the autism spectrum given that it promotes the development of an interdisciplinary treatment team, benefits from collaboration across disciplines, and values the input of varied perspectives. Several other ways in which the ESDM approach provides a range of opportunities to collaborate and coordinate interdisciplinary care are described throughout the chapter.
A Two-Stage Optimal Bidding Algorithm for Incentive-based Aggregation of Electric Vehicles in Workplace Parking Lots.

This paper proposes an incentive-based aggregator for electric vehicles (EVs) in workplace parking lots to participate in the energy and regulation markets. With the implementation of seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict the market information, a Day-Ahead (DA) planning model coordinated with the EV's responses to the incentive is formulated to determine the days to activate the aggregation program and the optimal incentives that are broadcasted to the EV owners in the first stage. Given the determined incentives and EV's responses, an real-time (RT) optimal bidding algorithm complying with EVs' energy demand in the second stage is designed to maximize the aggregator's profits in the markets. The proposed models are tested using the data collected from PJM's energy and regulation markets. The results show the incentive-based aggregator can benefit both the EV owners and the aggregator from the credits obtained from the markets. Meanwhile, the results also indicate the proposed optimal bidding algorithm is capable of handling the uncertainty of regulation signals and following the signals with high precision.
ReaxFF Reactive Force Field Study of Polymerization of a Polymer Matrix in a Carbon Nanotube-Composite System

Human transport to Mars and deep-space explorations demand the development of new materials with extraordinarily high performance-to-mass ratios. Promising candidates to fulfill these requirements ...
What Do We Really Consume Through Luxury Fashion

Fashion can be interpreted with the application of material culture methods. First and second stage analyses undertaken by the individual lead to an intellectual analysis that can be particularly elaborate and complex. It is through this juxtaposition with its context that the fashion piece becomes meaningful. Understanding consumers’ connection with objects through the lens of allied disciplines augments our perception of why certain objects seem to incite a more powerful response in the market. This is the beginning of learning to use culture to interpret consumers’ deeper motivations to purchase.
DETERMINING THE NATURE OF THE EXTENDED H I STRUCTURE AROUND LITTLE THINGS DWARF GALAXY NGC 1569

This work presents an extended, neutral hydrogen emission map around Magellanic-type dwarf irregular galaxy (dIm) NGC 1569. In the spring of 2010, the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope was used to map a 9° × 2° region in H I line emission that includes NGC 1569 and IC 342 as well as two other dwarf galaxies. The primary objective for these observations was to search for structures potentially connecting NGC 1569 with IC 342 group members in order to trace previous interactions and thus, provide an explanation for the starburst and peculiar kinematics prevalent in NGC 1569. A large, half-degree diameter H I cloud was detected that shares the same position and velocity as NGC 1569. Also, two long structures were discovered that are reminiscent of intergalactic filaments extending out in a V-shaped manner from NGC 1569 toward UGCA 92, a nearby dwarf galaxy. These filamentary structures extend for about 1.°5, which is 77 kpc at NGC 1569. There is a continuous velocity succession with the 0.°5 H I cloud, filaments, and main body of the galaxy. The 0.°5 H I cloud and filamentary structures may be foreground Milky Way, but are suggestive as possible remnants of an interaction between NGC 1569 and UGCA 92. The data also show two tidal tails extending from UGCA 86 and IC 342, respectively. These structures may be part of a continuous H I bridge but more data are needed to determine if this is the case.
A review of machine learning in building load prediction

Abstract The surge of machine learning and increasing data accessibility in buildings provide great opportunities for applying machine learning to building energy system modeling and analysis. Building load prediction is one of the most critical components for many building control and analytics activities, as well as grid-interactive and energy efficiency building operation. While a large number of research papers exist on the topic of machine-learning-based building load prediction, a comprehensive review from the perspective of machine learning is missing. In this paper, we review the application of machine learning techniques in building load prediction under the organization and logic of the machine learning, which is to perform tasks T using Performance measure P and based on learning from Experience E. Firstly, we review the applications of building load prediction model (task T). Then, we review the modeling algorithms that improve machine learning performance and accuracy (performance P). Throughout the papers, we also review the literature from the data perspective for modeling (experience E), including data engineering from the sensor level to data level, pre-processing, feature extraction and selection. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of well-studied and relatively unexplored fields for future research reference. We also identify the gaps in current machine learning application and predict for future trends and development.
Caregiver worry and injury hazards in the daily lives of Ugandan children.

Background: Over 95% of unintentional injury-related childhood deaths globally occur in low- and middle-income countries, such as Uganda. Risks for injury in settings like rural Uganda are vastly understudied despite differing patterns of child injury risk. The present study investigated the prevalence and type of hazards in children's environments in rural Uganda, as well as the relationship between hazard exposure and parent attitudes and perceptions regarding unintentional injury. Methods: Our sample included 152 primary caregivers in Eastern Rural Uganda who had children in either 1st or 6th grade. All parents/guardians completed caregiver surveys following verbal instructions. Surveys assessed demographic information, child hazard exposure, and parent beliefs regarding child injury. Results: Almost all parents (98.5%) reported daily exposure for their children to at least one of the hazards assessed. Caregiver's perceived likelihood of child injury was positively related to hazard exposure (r = .21, p less than .05). This relationship remained significant when controlling for family demographics, child grade level, and child injury history (F (7, 126) = 2.25, p less than .05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ugandan parents are aware of the risks of children's exposure to hazards, but may lack the tools to address it. Development of injury prevention interventions focusing on behavioral change techniques may help reduce childhood injury and injury-related deaths in Uganda.
Shearing Resistance of Soils as a Rate Process

An expression relating compressive resistance of soils to effective stresses, soil structure, rate of strain, temperature, and frictional and cohesive soil properties is derived using rate process theory, which is based on statistical mechanics concepts. The resulting expression reduces to a form analogous to the Coulomb equation, under conditions of constant structure, strain rate and temperature. Computation of the compressive resistance of hypothetical soils for which reasonable assumptions are made for unknown parameters yield results of the proper order of magnitude. Test data on the effects of rate of strain, temperature and structure show behavior in accord with the theory. It is demonstrated that the number of interparticle contacts per unit area of soil cross section is the most important single factor influencing cohesion, and it is shown why cohesion is only of importance in clay soils.
Crowd Services: Human Intelligence + Web Services

Could crowd services be the next big thing? Here, Editor-in-Chief Brian Blake outlines the prospects of a world where we organize timely, instinctive information by harnessing the power of human crowds.
Activity-dependent plasticity of descending synaptic inputs to spinal motoneurons in an in vitro turtle brainstem-spinal cord preparation.

An in vitro brainstem–spinal cord preparation from adult turtles was used to test the hypothesis that descending synaptic inputs to multifunctional spinal motoneurons (i.e., involved in respiration and locomotion) express activity-dependent depression or potentiation. The tissue was placed in a chamber that allowed for separate superfusion of the brainstem, spinal segments C2–C4, and C5–D1. Action potential conduction between the brainstem and spinal segments C5–D1 was blocked by superfusing C2–C4 with Na+-free solution. With C5–D1 at [K+] = 10 mm, electrical stimulation at C5 every 2 min evoked potentials in intact pectoralis (expiratory, inward rotation of shoulder) and serratus (inspiratory, outward rotation of shoulder) nerves that were stable for at least 2 hr. Application of conditioning stimulation (900 pulses at 1 or 10 Hz) at C5 decreased pectoralis evoked potential amplitudes by ∼40% initially and by 20% after 90 min; serratus evoked potentials were unaltered. Conditioning stimulation (100 Hz, 900 pulses) transiently depressed pectoralis evoked potential amplitude by <20% but produced a delayed 72% increase in serratus evoked potential amplitude after ∼80 min. Conditioning stimulation (10 Hz) at C5 also reduced the amplitude of sensory afferent evoked potentials in pectoralis produced by stimulating ipsilateral dorsal roots at C8. Thus, long-lasting changes in descending synaptic inputs to multifunctional spinal motoneurons were frequency-dependent and heterosynaptic. We hypothesize that activity-dependent plasticity may modulate descending synaptic drive to spinal motoneurons involved in both respiration and locomotion.
Polyamine and glutathione biosynthetic enzymes from Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.

The polyamines putrescine and spermidine are ubiquitous cell growth factors that are synthesized from ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine (Fig. 1). Inhibition of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, or the knockout of genes encoding these enzymes, causes cell growth arrest in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, e.g. E. coli; (Tabor and Tabor, 1984), mammalian cells (Svensson and Persson, 1996), yeast (Cohn et al., 1980), and Trypanosoma brucei (Li et al., 1996). A number of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis have been demonstrated to be effective anti-trypanosomal agents (Wang, 1995), identifying these enzymes as drug targets for the treatment of trypanosomatid infections. In addition to the common pathway found in almost all cell types, protozoa from the family Trypanosomatidae synthesize a unique cofactor that is a conjugate of spermidine and glutathione (Fig. 1). This cofactor, trypanothione, is required to maintain redox balance in the cell (Fairlamb and Le Quesne, 1997).
The Role of Cricothyrotomy, Tracheostomy, and Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Airway Management

Cricothyrotomy, percutaneous dilation tracheostomy, and surgical tracheostomy are cost-effective and safe techniques employed in the management of critically ill patients requiring insertion of an artificial airway. These procedures have been well characterized and studied in the surgical, emergency medicine, and critical care literature. This article focuses on the role of each of these modalities in airway management, specifically comparing the data for each procedure in regard to procedural outcomes. The authors discuss the techniques available and the relevant background data regarding choice of each method and its integration into clinical practice.
Study of vortex flows at high swirl by an integral method using exponentials

Rotationally symmetric quasi-cylindrical viscous incompressible vortex flows have been computed with different initial profiles and for a wide variety of swirl parameters and external axial velocity and circulation gradients. The computational method uses exponentials in the approximating functions for axial velocity and circulation profiles and for weighting functions. Several singular values of the swirl parameter S are identified, the most important being S and S which divide stable from stagnating, and supercritical from subcritical vortex flow, respectively.
Silver/silver chloride microneedles can detect penetration through the round window membrane

Hypothesis Silver-plated microneedles can be used to confirm penetration of semi-permeable membranes such as the round window membrane (RWM) by detection of voltage change at the moment of perforation. Background The introduction of microperforations in the RWM can significantly enhance intracochlear delivery of therapeutics. However, the moment of needle penetration through the RWM cannot be reliably detected by visualization or sensation alone. We explore the ability of electrochemical detection of penetration in defining the precise instant a microneedle enters the inner ear. Methods 0.2 mm diameter stainless steel Minutien pins were electroplated with copper, then silver. Pins were then soaked in bleach for 24 h to complete Ag/AgCl plating. Experiments were performed using a 3 mL Franz cell diffusion system with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% saline solution in the donor chamber and artificial perilymph solution in the receptor chamber separated by 5-μm pore synthetic membrane. Continuous voltage measurements were made throughout the process of membrane penetration by the microneedle (N = 6 for each saline concentration). Results Silver-plated needles were able to detect an instantaneous change in voltage when traversing the membrane from saline solution into artificial perilymph. As calculated, the magnitude of the change in voltage upon penetration increased with increasing saline concentration and was stable across trials. Conclusion Ag/AgCl coated microneedles are effective in detecting the moment of penetration across semi-permeable membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 307-311, 2017.
Phase II study of temozolomide and veliparib combination therapy for sorafenib-refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose To determine the antitumor efficacy and tolerability of combination temozolomide (TMZ) and veliparib (ABT-888) in patients with advanced, sorafenib-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Communication of creditable measured data

It is becoming increasingly evident that many users of measured marine data are reluctant to use data acquired by others. This reluctance is based on the feeling that the transfer function characteristics of the instrument system used for the measurements are inadequately defined for the environment in which the measurements were made. It has been estimated that in excess of 50 percent of the marine data presently archived are useless because their quality ("goodness") is unknown. It is far too costly in resources and time on both a national and international basis to continue acquiring data whose questionable credibility severely limits their spectrum of applicability. This paper addresses those key elements that relate to the quantification of data and should be considered when planning and developing a measurement program for the ocean environment.
Study of Vortex Rings Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter

filter resulting when the gyro drifts, accelerometer errors, and DME biases are neglected performs nearly optimally. Hence, alignment can be accomplished by using an eighth-order filter when using one VOR/DME, or a seventh-order filter when using two DME's. The quantitative results presented here are, of course, dependent upon the validity of the error models assumed. In particular, the VOR/DME error model proposed here has not been as thoroughly checked experimentally as the inertial navigation system model.
Multiple β1 chain integrins are receptors for invasin, a protein that promotes bacterial penetration into mammalian cells

Mammalian cell receptors that promote entry of intracellular bacteria into nonphagocytic cells have not been identified. We show here that multiple members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors bind the Y. pseudotuberculosis invasin protein prior to bacterial penetration into mammalian cells. Affinity chromatography of crude detergent extracts demonstrated that integrins containing the subunit structures alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 5 beta 1, and alpha 6 beta 1 bound to immobilized invasin. Furthermore, phospholipid vesicles containing isolated integrin proteins were able to attach to invasin. Specificity for invasin binding to the identified integrin receptors was also demonstrated, as immunoprobing and phospholipid reconstitution studies showed that the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, beta 2 chain integrins, and vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 3) were not involved in cellular attachment to invasin.
Effects of Active Handling, Illustrated by Uses for Objects.

Kindergarten children gave uses for objects under 2 conditions: look-only, and look-and-handle. Under the latter condition, children gave significantly more "nonstandard" uses than under the former. "Nonstandard" uses depend prominently on changes in the composition or spatial position of an object, and these changes come more readily to mind when an object is both seen and handled. The results raise questions about the effects of various modes of contact with stimulus material in any study of thinking, and the role of manipulative activity in development.
Multiple web-borne pheromones in a spider Frontinella pyramitela (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Abstract The bowl-and-doily spider, Frontinella pyramitela , is a common inhabitant of low vegetation throughout most of temperate North America. All instars build concave-upward, bowl-shaped, nonviscid webs supported above and below by meshworks of silk. Previous studies of this species have revealed that chemical(s) on the silk of adult females elicit both courtship behaviour and positive geotaxis from adult males that contact the silk. This study demonstrates (1) that two different contact pheromones are responsible for the dual action of the silk of adult females and (2) that the webs of different age and sex classes of bowl-and-doily spiders (including the webs of adult males) contain functionally different mixtures of the two pheromones.
Electric Field Driven Control and Manipulation of Particles in Multiple Designs of Microfluidic Devices Including the Electrothermal Effects

Micro-total-analytical systems for analyzing chemical/biological substances are now used across a wide variety of applications ranging from biological warfare agent detection to the healthcare industry. The first step in the operation of such systems consists of concentrating and separating the analytes of interest from the background matrix and positioning these analytes into selected locations for subsequent analysis. Electro-kinetic and electro-hydrodynamic techniques for manipulating particles in suspension are highly used in microsystems eliminating the need for movable parts. In addition, because of the high surface to volume ratio there is efficient dissipation of Joule heating. Here, we analyze the electric field distribution and particle motion in microfluidic devices with a variety of electrode configurations. First, we consider the particle motion and electric field gradient in our recently developed technique of dielectric gating. We consider the particle motion and numerical simulation results using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation (CFDRC) code in 2D designs. In addition, the electrothermal effects within the channel are examined. Next, we consider triangular and trapezoidal electrode configurations as well as single stream particle delivery. We study the particle motion, electric field gradients, and electrothermal effects in these designs. Computer simulations and experimental results are compared.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Mucopolysaccharide from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

Physical and immunologic methods were used to demonstrate the presence of an apparently unique glycoprotein in stool and tissue of patients having cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. The detection of a molecular structure specific for the disease is consistent with the apparent hereditary nature of the affection.
Pretreatment with pertussis toxin blocks the protective effects of preconditioning : evidence for a G-protein mechanism

We tested whether a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein mediates the protective effects of preconditioning. Thirty-one small (1 kg) rabbits were used. All rabbits experienced 30 min regional myocardial ischaemia followed by 3 h reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by tetrazolium. The percentage of the risk zone which infarcted in controls was 37.4 +/- 4.6%. Preconditioning with a 5 min occlusion followed by 10 min reperfusion prior to the 30 min ischaemic insult protected against infarction (5.2 +/- 2.1% infarction). 25 micrograms/kg pertussis toxin, administered 48 h prior to surgery, blocked G-protein signal transduction as tested by challenge with iv acetylcholine which normally slows the heart. Pertussis toxin treatment had no effect on infarct size in non-preconditioned rabbits (37.6 +/- 4.7% infarction) but blocked protection in preconditioned rabbits (27.3 +/- 4.3% infarction). To test the involvement of G-proteins further in preconditioning, we tested the ability of the M2 agonist carbachol to substitute for ischaemic preconditioning and protect the heart from infarction. Rabbits hearts were excised and perfused with Kreb's buffer. Control animals subjected to 30 min of regional ischaemia and 2 h reperfusion yielded 29.4 +/- 2.9% infarction. Preconditioning with 5 min global ischaemia and 10 min reperfusion prior to the 30 min regional ischaemia significantly protected the isolated heart from infarction (8.41 +/- 3.26% infarction). Carbachol, infused for 5 min at 1 microM concentration, protected the hearts as well as preconditioning, yielding 8.90 +/- 2.08% infarction. We conclude that preconditioning involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein and that the same G-protein couples to muscarinic M2 receptors.
A Model of 21st Century Counterinsurgency Warfare

The insurgency warfare being practiced by global terrorists in the 21st Century is put in a historical context and modeled mathematically. The most widely known insurgency model is the “fish in the sea” formulation attributed to Mao Tse-tung. Fundamentally, it is a phased attrition model that can be described by variations of the Lanchester equations. In a collective sense, much of the Vietnam War fits that formulation. However, the 21st Century has featured a different type of insurgency where attrition is not the decisive factor on either side. Today's insurgencies are psychological wars of political endurance, not attrition. They require different mathematics.The mathematical formulation of 21st Century counterinsurgency warfare contains two stochastic time series, the first dealing with defeat and the second success. The defeat portion deals with the likelihood of precipitous troop withdrawals permitting terrorist insurgents to declare victory in a de facto sense. The defeat probability roughly mirror...
Implementing the Standards: Keys to Establishing Positive Professional Inertia in Preservice Mathematics Teachers.

This paper summarizes and integrates the lessons learned from the last decade of professional development efforts based on the standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (1989, 1991, 1995). The fundamental challenges to such reform are identified, then the rest of the paper is dedicated to strategies that have been helpful in overcoming these obstacles. The challenges include both the teachers' views of mathematics and their image of teaching. The Immerse and Instill approach describes strategies that encourage teachers to implement standards-based teaching upon entering the teaching field (Immerse) as well as instilling some of the professional habits necessary to keep teachers and their students actively engaged (Instill).
Effects of Hypoglycemia on Developmental Outcome in Children With Congenital Hyperinsulinism

Children with congenital hyperinsulinism are at risk for recurring, severe episodes of hypoglycemia that can cause seizures, brain damage, and developmental delay. To assess the frequency of permanent brain damage in this disorder, we carried out a telephone survey of 68 children who presented to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1980 and 2000. One third of the group had some degree of developmental delay. Those presenting in the first week of life and those with medically unresponsive hyperinsulinism were more likely to have delays. Early recognition and control of hypoglycemia are essential for preventing developmental delay in these children.
Environmental reactivity characteristics of K3C60 and YBa2Cu3O7-x high-temperature superconductor thin films

Abstract Recently the environmental reactivity behavior of the copper-oxide superconductors has been studied and the following reactivity trends have been established: YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 > Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 > Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 ≥ La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 > Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4 > Nd 1.85 Th 0.15 CuO 4 In this paper, the degradation characteristics of the most reactive cuprate material, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , are compared with those of the fulleride superconductor, K 3 C 60 . Conductivity vs. exposure time measurements acquired for thin film samples in eight different environments are utilized to estimate the degradation rates for the superconductor materials. The cuprate superconductor remains relatively stable in the presence of dry nitrogen, dry oxygen, vacuum, air and acetonitrile environments, but degrades rapidly upon exposure to water solutions. Samples of K 3 C 60 are also unreactive in dry nitrogen and under vacuum, but decompose extremely rapidly upon exposure to dry oxygen, air, acetonitrile or water solutions resulting in the complete loss of the superconducting properties.
Electrical transport properties of low-stage AsF5-intercalated graphite

The in-plane resistivity of stage 1 and stage 2 AsF5-graphite intercalation compounds was measured using a contactless r.f. eddy current technique from 1.6 to 290 K. The magnetoresistance of a stage 1 compound was similarly measured from 4.2 K to 290 K. The low temperature stage 2 resistivity data show a well-defined intermediate∞ ∝T2 region in addition to the usual∞ ∝T high temperature region, in qualitative agreement with the Kukkonen theory and indicative of a small, elongated cylindrical Fermi surface. Stage 2 resistivity data also show, for the first time in a graphite-acceptor compound, an apparent low temperature phase transition at ≈ 21 K. Magnetoresistance data were used to determine a stage 1 carrier concentration of ≈ 9×1020 holes cm−3. Resistive anomalies were observed at ≈ 200 K and ≈ 220 K for stage 1 and stage 2 compounds, respectively.
Generalized renormalization group treatment of the growth kinetics of unstable systems

We discuss the generalization of a renormalization group technique developed previously for the study of ordering in unstable systems in the context of the ferromagnetic Ising model with spin-flip dynamics. Difficulties encountered in earlier work are eliminated through the use of new recursion relations dependent on a continuous spatial rescaling factorb ⩾ 1. A more careful analysis and implementation of the approximation scheme is carried out. Our improved method allows the study of the anisotropy of the time-dependent structure factor and the pre-scaling behavior of the shape function.
Collision Strengths for Electron Scattering from Si II

Electron impact excitation collision strengths and rates for transitions between fine-structure levels of the 3s2np (n = 3–6), 3s3p2, 3s2ns (n = 4–6), 3s2nd (n = 3–5), 3s2nf (n = 4–5), and 3s3p3d configurations in Si II are calculated by using the Breit-Pauli B-spline R-matrix approach. The 31 target levels have been included in the close-coupling expansion in our collision calculation. The multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock method with term-dependent nonorthogonal orbitals is employed for an accurate representation of the target wave functions. The target levels have been described by using both spectroscopic and correlation radial functions. The atomic wave functions yield excitation energies that are in excellent agreement with experiment and other reliable calculations. The relativistic corrections are included through the one-body mass correction, Darwin, and spin-orbit operators in the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. The effective collision strengths have been calculated by integrating total resonant and nonresonant collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies, and these are presented over a wide temperature range suitable for modeling of astrophysical plasmas. Significant differences are noted with the previous eight-state R-matrix calculation, particularly for transitions involving higher excitation levels.
Hatching and rearing lobster larvae (Homarus americanus) in a disease situation

Abstract Lobster rearing facilities in the United States suffered severe losses of larval stages during the summer of 1974 hatching season. The organisms responsible for losses at the Bodega Marine Laboratory were the fungus Lagenidium sp. and epiphytic contaminants. Various systems and treatments were used in attempts to overcome the problems encountered. Postlarval lobsters were produced successfully in a semi-closed system using ultraviolet-irradiated sea water and a malachite green dip for eggs and larvae.
Non-explosive methods for simulating blast loading of structures with complex geometries

Abstract Characterizing structural responses and applied loads during the entire course of a blast event is problematic due to the harsh conditions of the explosive environment. A procedure for the distribution of blast-like pressures to structures of complex geometries using custom water bladders has been developed using the University of California, San Diego’s (UCSD) Blast Simulator. The methodology was motivated by an effort to test the blast resistance of structures subject to internal, or external, blasts where attention would be focused on areas such as joints, corners, or other areas within occluded geometry. Three series of experiments were conducted in an effort to characterize the use of water bladders for blast simulations. Bladder material, geometry, use of baffles and strapping methods were varied along with Simulator input parameters such as impact velocity and impacting mass geometry. The effects of these variables have been quantified through the comparison of measured pressures, pulse durations and impulses. The experimental methodology demonstrates the ability to tailor load curves to simulate a wide range of blast scenarios.
Distribution of DNA in Chinese hamster cells.

Abstract The distribution of DNA in the nucleus of Chinese hamster cells growing in vitro was studied by labeling DNA with tritiated thymidine before cutting 20–25 serial sections through the nucleus. Autoradiography and light microscopy were used to locate the distribution of label in each section. When all of the DNA in the cell was labeled by allowing the cells to incorporate tritiated thymidine for 3–4 replication cycles, the distribution of DNA in the nucleus was characteristically peripheral. However, in about 16 per cent of the cells, the DNA was widely dispersed with a considerable amount of DNA centrally distributed within the nucleus. Following a 10-min labeling, the DNA was widely dispersed in about 30 per cent of the cells; after 4 hr of incubation, the percentage decreased rapidly to less than 5 and by 6–7 hr increased again to 20.
On-chip graphene optoelectronic devices for high-speed modulation and photodetection

There has been a rapidly growing interest in graphene-based optoelectronics. This exceptional material exhibits broadband optical response, ultrahigh carrier mobility and more importantly, potential compatibility with silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Here we present our recent works that integrate graphene with silicon channel waveguides and photonic crystal cavities. By coupling graphene to an optical cavity, we demonstrated an efficient electro-optic modulator that features a modulation depth of 10 dB and a switching energy of 300 fJ. Several high-speed modulators are also tested, showing a speed up to 0.57 GHz. In addition, we implemented a graphene photodetector on a silicon waveguide. The 53-μm-long graphene channel couples to the evanescent field of the waveguide mode, resulting in more than 60% absorption of the input light. We demonstrated a responsivity of 0.108 A/W in our photodetector. A data transmission of 12 Gbps and response time in excess of 20 GHz are also achieved. These results show the feasibility of graphene as a building block for silicon photonic integrated circuits. In particular, on-chip graphene active devices such as modulators and photodetectors are promising for their broadband response, high-speed operation, low power consumption and ease-to-fabrication.
Experimental possibilities for observation of unidirectional momentum transfer to atoms from standing-wave light

We discuss two possible processes that may lead to unidirectional momentum transfer to atoms from a near-resonant standing-wave light field. The first is Bragg scattering of the matter waves from the tilted light grating—this process leaves the atoms unexcited. The second is a multiphoton (Doppleron) process in which the atom, by sequential absorption/emission of photons from/into the two traveling-wave components of the standing wave (which appear at different frequencies owingto the motion of the atom in the field), can complete the energy resonance condition for excitation to its excited state. Detailed consideration of the inteferring process of spontaneous emission and experimental factors such as the interplay among interaction length, angular collimation of the standing wave, and transit-time frequency broadening of the light frequency show that the two processes are both potentially observable but under considerably different experimental conditions.
Protein-Silicone Oil Interactions: Comparative Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on the Interfacial Behavior of a Fusion Protein

Purpose To study the effect of three nonionic surfactants on the protein-silicone oil interactions.
ON THE STABILITY OF OLIGOPOLY WITH NONDOGMATIC CONJECTURES

In recent years a number of authors have considered a variety of expectations assumptions in analyzing the stability of oligopoly. In this paper it is assumed that an oligopolist has a probability distribution for its competitors'outputs. This ≪ nondogmatic conjectures ≫ approach enables us to determine: (1) which of the stability results are not dependent on the expectation assumption made and (2) how the expectation assumptions themselves affect the stability results.
Improving data retention in EEG research with children using child-centered eye tracking

Background Event Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by visual stimuli have increased our understanding of developmental disorders and adult cognitive abilities for decades; however, these studies are very difficult with populations who cannot sustain visual attention such as infants and young children. Current methods for studying such populations include requiring a button response, which may be impossible for some participants, and experimenter monitoring, which is subject to error, highly variable, and spatially imprecise.
Classroom demonstrations of acoustic beamforming.

A tabletop apparatus permitting demonstrations and hands-on student exercises in the acoustic beamforming of linear arrays is described. The apparatus can be used to demonstrate how interference effects from two or more linearly arranged sources produce patterns of maxima and minima as described by theory. A transmitting array is attached to the top of a rotating table and a receiving transducer provides voltages to a signal processor. Students measure the angular speed of the rotating table and the voltages produced by the receiving transducer as a function of time. These data can be analyzed in a spreadsheet program and compared to theory. The angles at which signal maxima occur correspond well to theory and useful teaching discussions result from comparisons of signal maxima magnitudes. The spreadsheet analysis can also provide the students a graphical demonstration of l’Hopital’s rule.
"I don't like passing as a straight woman": queer negotiations of identity and social group membership.

For decades, sociological theory has documented how our lives are simultaneously produced through and against normative structures of sex, gender, and sexuality. These normative structures are often believed to operate along presumably “natural,” biological, and essentialized binaries of male/female, man/woman, and heterosexual/homosexual. However, as the lives and experiences of transgender people and their families become increasingly socially visible, these normative structuring binaries are called into stark question as they fail to adequately articulate and encompass these social actors’ identities and social group memberships. Utilizing in-depth interviews with 50 women from the United States, Canada, and Australia, who detail 61 unique relationships with transgender men, this study considers how the experiences of these queer social actors hold the potential to rattle the very foundations upon which normative binaries rest, highlighting the increasingly blurry intersections, tensions, and overlaps ...
Three-dimensional singular stress field near the interfacial bond line of a tapered jointed plate either free-standing (notch) or (fully/partially) attached to a super-rigid inclusion (antinotch)

Abstract A three-dimensional eigenfunction expansion approach is employed for determining singular stress fields in the vicinity of interfacial bond line of a tapered jointed plate either free-standing (notch) or (fully/partially) attached to a super-rigid inclusion (antinotch). The tapered jointed bi-material plate is subjected to extension/bending (mode I) and shear/twisting (mode II) far field loading (extension and shear being in the plane of the cross-section and bending/twisting about mid-width). Hitherto unavailable results, pertaining to the width-wise variations of stress intensity factors corresponding to symmetric and skew-symmetric (about mid-width) cosine function loads, in the vicinity of the interfacial bond line, are presented.
Lack of sexual dimorphism in steroid accumulation in vocal control brain regions of duetting song birds

Tritiated testosterone was injected into bay wrens (Thryothorus nigricapillus), a neotropical species in which the female sings a complex song in intricately timed vocal duets with males. Autoradiographic analysis indicated that male and female wrens have the same proportion of cells labeled by testosterone or its metabolites in two brain regions involved in song: the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN). This contrasts with the zebra finch, a species in which only the males sing: a considerably greater proportion of male zebra finch cells in HVc and MAN are labeled than in females. This suggests that female birds that produce complex vocalizations have evolved neural song control systems that are extremely similar to those of males in steroid hormone sensitivity.
Properties of muonium defect centers in the III–V nitrides

Abstract Recent results are presented for the muonium analog of isolated hydrogen impurities in the III–V nitrides. The Mu + and Mu − centers reside at sites anti-bonding to the N atom and the group III atom, respectively. Stable sites for each lie in the channel and metastable sites in the cage formed by the 2H stacking of the wurtzite structure. Data for AlN and GaN imply short-lived atomic-like Mu 0 states and a shallow-donor Mu 0 is observed in InN. Characteristic energies for motion, site changes and charge-state transitions are obtained from zero-field depolarization data. Results imply that Mu/H diffusion strongly depends on the charge state.
Myth and Philosophy from the Presocratics to Plato

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical issues 3. Some Presocratics 4. The sophists and their contemporaries 5. The Protagoras: Platonic myth in the making 6. The range of Platonic myth 7. Plato: myth and the soul 8. Plato: myth and theory 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index of passages cited General index.
Temporal and spatial regulation of fibronectin in early Xenopus development

Abstract Pattern formation and temporal control of gene expression in Xenopus development were investigated using fibronectin as a biochemical marker. We determined the spatial localization of fibronectin in the embryo by immunofluorescence and the temporal program of its expression by biosynthesis studies and Western blotting techniques. At the start of gastrulation, fibronectin is localized on the roof of the blastoccel which serves as the surface upon which mesodermal cells will migrate. However, since we find fibronectin secreted by all parts of the embryo, localization is probably achieved through spatially localized receptors that bind secreted fibronectin. Fibronectin levels and fibronectin synthesis rates increase following the midblastula stage. This increase is independent of transcription and therefore involves activation of maternal RNA for fibronectin. Since this message mobilization also occurs in activated but unfertilized eggs, this event must be regulated separately from the midblastula transition.