cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction for anterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation and instability

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) instability is relatively rare. Surgical treatment may be considered for severely displaced dislocations or symptomatic recurrent anterior instability. The purpose of this study was to describe an SCJ ligament reconstruction technique and retrospectively evaluate its safety and effectiveness for treating anterior SCJ dislocations and instability. Materials and methods A retrospective review of demographics, medical history, injury characteristics, and pretreatment pain and functional levels was performed. A soft-tissue graft woven in a Roman numeral X pattern through clavicular and sternum subcortical bone tunnels was used. Patients were evaluated with postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) and functional scores, and their ability to return to normal preoperative sports and activities was determined. Results Six patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 24.5-58 months). Injury mechanisms included acute trauma (3 patients), minor trauma (1 patient), and chronic atraumatic instability (2 patients). The mean preoperative symptom duration was 11 months (range, 0.5-27.5 months). Autograft hamstring graft was used in all cases with no resulting surgical complications. All 6 patients had full range of motion with no instability after treatment. Five patients had no pain (0 of 10 on VAS), whereas one patient had mild pain (1 to 3 of 10 on VAS). All 6 patients had improved functional scores. All returned to preoperative activities and participation in sports. No recurrent instability occurred. In 1 case, failure occurred at 4 years with recurrent pain, and revision was performed. Conclusions The results of our study indicate that reconstruction for anterior SCJ dislocation is safe with results comparable to previously described surgical stabilization techniques. This technique provides a surgical treatment option for symptomatic anterior SCJ dislocation and instability.
The response of scintillators to heavy ions-I. Plastics

The response of various scintillator detectors to ions of A=1-84 and energies E/A=5-30 MeV has been measured and found to be linear above an energy of 100 MeV. Results are presented for a typical organic plastic scintillator including parameterizations of the data as a function of Z, A, and energy. These results are applicable to the use of scintillators as heavy-ion detectors, with one calibration point giving a normalization that allows use of the whole set of curves. The response functions are compared to previous parametrizations at lower energies and discussed in terms of the theory of delta -ray formation in the scintillator. >
Perceptions of auditor independence: Its perceived effect on the loan and investment decisions of German financial statement users

Abstract Recent research in the United States and the United Kingdom investigated the effect of the perceived independece of auditors on the financial decisions of financial statement users. This paper is an extension of that research, reporting the results of a mail survey of two groups of German users of financial statements audited by German auditors. The survey was undertaken to investigate the user' perceptions of auditors' independence for a number of auditor-client relationships and to determine how those perceptions would affect their financial decisions.
Intramolecular 1,3-diyl trapping reactions: Total synthesis of the marine natural product (, )Δ9(12)-capnellene

Abstract An intramolecular 1,3-diyl trapping reaction is utilized in the key step of a total synthesis of the marine natural product Δ 9(12) -capnellene.
Electrostatic field control of exciton-surface-plasmon coupling in individual carbon nanotubes

We study theoretically the perpendicular electrostatic field effect (the quantum confined Stark effect) for excitons and interband surface plasmons in small-diameter (∼1nm) semiconducting carbon nanotubes. We show that the quantum confined Stark effect allows one to control the exciton-plasmon coupling strength in individual nanotubes. This effect may be used for nanotube based tunable optoelectronic device applications in areas such as nanophotonics, nanoplasmonics, and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
A method of generating intense nuclear polarized beams by selective photodetachment of negative ions

Abstract A novel method for production of nuclear polarized negative hydrogen ions by selective neutralization with a laser of negative hydrogen ions in a magnetic field is described. This selectivity is possible since a final state of the neutralized atom, and hence the neutralization energy, depends on its nuclear polarization. Limiting factors are discussed. The main advantages of this scheme are the availability of multiampere negative ion sources and the possibility of neutralizing negative ions with very high efficiency. Possible schemes to implement this method are discussed. An assessment of the required laser power indicates that this method is in principle feasible with today's technology.
Postradiation multicentric osteosarcoma

The oncogenic effects of radiation are well-established. Osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas are the two most common histologic types of secondary sarcoma. In this article a case of postradiation osteosarcoma is presented in which four discrete foci of sarcomatous transformation have occurred in the tibia and fibula after irradiation for a rhabdomyosarcoma of the calf 8 years earlier. A review of the literature reveals no similar case. Although synchronous, multifocal osteosarcoma without prior radiation has been described, this case differs in clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features; it best fits the description of postradiation multicentric osteosarcoma.
Java applets for viewing one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra.

Two Java applets, which allow viewing and simple reprocessing operations of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra from within a web page, are described. For the 1D viewer, phasing, integration, peak picking and referencing are supported. Bruker, Varian and JCAMP-DX processed data files can be opened. The 2D viewer allows f2 phasing and referencing, and can read native Bruker processed data. The compiled applets are available from the author on request. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent terahertz radiation source and user area at FACET

The Facility for Accelerator science and Experimental Tests (FACET) at SLAC provides a high charge, high peak current, sub-picosecond bunched electron beam that is ideal for 0.1 to 2 THz radiation generation via coherent transition radiation. This paper presents preliminary characterization of the terahertz pulses generated by the FACET electron beam. The measured THz frequency content spans from 0.25 THz to 2.3 THz and peaks at around 0.5 THz. The radiation has been focused down to a 4.4 × 4.8 mm2 transverse spot with 0.69 mJ collected total energy per pulse. Fitting the energy to the spatiotemporal profile of the THz pulse yields peak e-field amplitude of 1.5 MV/cm.
Effects of Anoxia on Postarteriolar Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Studies on an isolated pulmonary lobe, perfused in situ from a carotid artery under regulated arterial pressure, showed that changes in its ventilation from room air to nitrogen promptly causes a slight but definite increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which, from the nature of the experimental arrangements, must lie beyond the pulmonary arterioles.
Neural activation during an explicit categorization task: category- or feature-specific effects?

Previous lesion-deficit and functional imaging studies have suggested that there are distinct category-specific regions within the human brain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested this claim with a task in which participants decided if two items, represented by words, were members of the same category. Signal changes detected for all pairs of items that were from the same category and for tool pairs were found in rostromedial BA 6, rostral cingulate, and at the BA 6/44 and BA 45/46 junctions. Activation was seen in BA 6 and the left BA 6/44 junction for fruits and vegetables pairs and only in rostromedial BA 6 for animal pairs. The common signal changes in the frontal lobes (BA 6/44) for the categories of fruits and vegetables and tools suggest that this region may be organized in a feature-specific, as opposed to a category-specific, manner.
Comprehensive assessment of DNA copy number alterations in human prostate cancers using Affymetrix 100K SNP mapping array.

Although multiple recurrent chromosomal alterations have been identified in prostate cancer cells, the specific genes driving the apparent selection of these changes remain largely unknown. In part, this uncertainty is due to the limited resolution of the techniques used to detect these alterations. In this study, we applied a high-resolution genome-wide method, Affymetrix 100K SNP mapping array, to screen for somatic DNA copy number (CN) alterations among 22 pairs of samples from primary prostate cancers and matched nonmalignant tissues. We detected 355 recurrent deletions and 223 recurrent gains, many of which were novel. As expected, the sizes of novel alterations tend to be smaller. Importantly, among tumors with increasing grade, Gleason sum 6, 7, and 8, we found a significant trend of larger number of alterations in the tumors with higher grade. Overall, gains are significantly more likely to occur within genes (74%) than are deletions (49%). However, when we looked at the most frequent CN alterations, defined as those in ≥4 subjects, we observed that both gains (85%) and deletions (57%) occur preferentially within genes. An example of a novel, recurrent alteration observed in this study was a deletion between the ERG and TMPRSS2 genes on chromosome 21, presumably related to the recently identified fusion transcripts from these two genes. Results from this study provide a basis for a systematic and comprehensive cataloging of CN alterations associated with grades of prostate cancer, and the subsequent identification of specific genes that associated with initiation and progression of the disease. This article contains supplementary material available via the Internet at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Filling yet fattening: stereotypical beliefs about the weight gain potential and satiation of foods.

To what extent are stereotypes concerning the weight-gain potential and perceived hunger satisfaction of food names not congruent with views of the nutrient profiles of those same foods? Respondents rated the same 22 food names and descriptions in terms of weight-gain potential and hunger satisfaction. Half of the 22 snacks included foods from the lower two tiers of the USDA Food Guide Pyramid (fruits, vegetables, and grains: FVG however, a trend in the opposite direction was evident when rating the nutrient descriptions of these same foods. Apparently, food names have acquired reputation for promoting obesity and (to a lesser extent) hunger satisfaction that are not based on their nutrient profiles.
Stress-corrosion cracking of sensitized type 304 stainless steel in thiosulfate solutions

The stress corrosion cracking of a sensitized Type 304 stainless steel has been studied at room temperature using controlled potentials and two concentrations of sodium thiosulfate. In both constant extension rate and constant load tests, the crack velocities attain extremely high values, up to 8 μm s-1. Scratching electrode experiments conducted at various pH values on simulated grain boundary material show that both the crack initiation frequency and crack velocity are closely related to the repassivation rate of the grain boundary material as expected on a dissolution-controlled mechanism; however, the maximum crack velocity at any potential is consistently about two orders of magnitude higher than that predicted from the electrochemical data. Frequent grain boundary separation ahead of the crack tip is thought to occur, but retarded repassivation of the grain boundary material is a necessary feature of the cracking. Effects of strain-generated martensite are discussed.
Automatic detection of clustered, fluorescent‐stained nuclei by digital image‐based cytometry

Automatic image-based cytometry (IC) can conveniently quantify the distributions of several specific, fluorescencelabeled molecules within individual, isolated cells of slide- or tissue-based specimens. However, many specimens contain clusters of cells or nuclei that are not detected as individual entities by existing automatic methods. We have developed analysis algorithms which detect individul nuclei occurring in clusters or as isolated nuclei. Specimens were labeled with a fluorescent DNA stain, imaged and the images were segmented into regions of nuclei and background. Clusters of nuclei, identified by their size and shape, were divided into individual nuclei by searching for dividing paths between nuclei. The paths, which need not be straight, possessed the highest average gradient per pixel. In addition, both high- and low-pass filtered images of the original image were analyzed. For each individual nucleus, one of the three segmented regions representing the nucleus (from either the original or one of two filtered images) was chosen as the final result, based on the closeness of the regions to average nuclear morphology. The algorithms correctly detected a high proportion of isolated (328/333) and clustered (254/271) nuclei when applied to images of 2 μm prostate and breast cancer sections. Thus, these algorithms should enable much more accurate detection and analyses of nuclei in intact specimens. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Compounds antagonistic to norepinephrine retention by rat brain homogenates.

Abstract Several compounds, either catechols, or amines with a phenyl-alkyi configuration or an approximation of it, diminished the ability of rat brain homogenates to retain in vitro , [ 3 H]norepinephrine accumulated in brain tissues in vivo following intracisternal injection. Among the active compounds were several phenethylamine derivatives, including β-phenethylamine, β-phenylthanolamine, amphetamine, p -tyramine, and octopamine: compounds which are indirectly acting amines or putative false transmitters. Presence of a β-hydroxyl group may increase activity somewhat. An aliphatic side chain of 2 or 3 carbons was important for activity of aromatic amines. Also active were serotonin, several catecholamines, and 6-hydroxy-dopamine, as well as the catechol amino acid, l -dopa. Deaminated catechols, including dihydroxymandelic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were active at higher concentrations only. Catechols were inactivated by O -methylation. Certain non-aromatic cyclic amines, including amantadine, were active. Aliphatic amines and Ω-hydroxyl-amines of appropriate carbon chain length had some activity. Acetylcholine (with eserine) was inactive. That the active compounds may have significant central nervous system actions based partially on their ability to interfere with catecholamine re-uptake or storage, is suggested.
A pilot study of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for resectable gastric cancer.

Background: The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility and toxicity of a regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with potentially resectable gastric cancer. A secondary objective was to assess pathologic response to chemoradiotherapy in the treated tumors.
Distance to Lightning Strokes as Determined from Electrostatic Field Strength Measurements

Abstract Determination of distance to lightning strokes by measuring amplitude of electrostatic field jumps is discussed. Measurements by the author show that the amplitudes of lightning strokes have a log-normal probability distribution with a standard deviation of ±9 db. Because electrostatic field strength decreases with the third power of the distance, distance to the strokes can be estimated with appreciable accuracy. Test of an Instrument whose design is based on these principles is described and results are discussed.
Patterns of surgical weight loss and resolution of metabolic abnormalities in superobese bariatric adolescents.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to compare the baseline and the 18-month follow-up for weight and metabolic characteristics of superobese (SO) (body mass index [BMI] ≥50 kg/m 2 ) and morbidly obese (MO) (BMI 2 ) adolescents who participated in a prospective longitudinal study of gastric banding delivered in an adolescent multidisciplinary treatment program. Methods Clinical information was extracted from an institutional review board–approved database of bariatric adolescents. Fasting cytokine and acute phase protein serum levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver histopathologies were assessed using the Kleiner's classification score. Results Other than BMI, MO (n = 11) and SO (n = 7) patients have similar degree of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Serum C-reactive protein (10.2 ± 5.6 SO vs 4 ± 3.9 μ g/mL MO [ P P = .04]) were more elevated in SO patients. Although weight loss is similar (30 ± 19 kg MO vs 28 ± 12 kg SO, P = .8 at 18 months; mean percent change in BMI, 22.8% ± 11.6% vs 20.5% ± 10.3% SO, P = .2), SO patients has less resolution of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia but experienced significantly improved health-related quality of life. Conclusions The SO adolescents demonstrate equivalent short-term weight loss and improved quality of life but delayed metabolic response to a gastric banding–based weight loss treatment program compared with MO patients, illustrating the importance of early referral for timely intervention of MO patients.
Conductivity dependence of PEG content in an anhydrous proton conducting sol-gel electrolyte

Proton conducting electrolytes composed of mixtures of a MePEGnSO3H acid and a sol−gel based MePEGn polymer have been prepared. These solutions display anhydrous proton conductivity reaching a maximum value of 1.38 × 10-5 S/cm at 55 °C with a 1.32 M mixture of MePEG16SO3H dissolved in the MePEG12 polymer. The molar equivalent conductivity of the MePEGnSO3H acid is correlated with the volume fraction of PEG present in the mixture. This result indicates that conductivity in these solutions of acid and polymer is a function of the PEG content strongly suggesting the presence of a Grotthus mechanism of conductivity. In addition, we show the lack of a dependence of ionic and equivalent conductivity on the size of the MePEGnSO3H acid, indicating little to no contribution to conductivity from the vehicle mechanism.
Effects of Various Long-Term Aging Procedures on the Rheological Properties of Laboratory Prepared Rubberized Asphalt Binders

Rubberized asphalt has been used to improve the mechanical characteristics (e.g., rutting resistance, fatigue life, friction, and skid resistance) of hot mix asphalt mixtures. The objective of this research was to investigate the rheological characteristics of the rubberized asphalt binders after various long-term aging procedures, using the penetration index, the dynamic shear rheometer, the bending beam rheometer, and high pressure-gel permeation chromatographic testing. The experimental design included the use of three binder sources, three binder grades (PG 64-22, PG 64-22+10 %-40 ambient rubber, and PG 76-22) and three aging states, i.e., virgin, rolling thin film oven, and pressurized aged vessel [four test temperatures (65, 80, 100, and 110°C) and five aging durations (15, 20, 40, 80, and 144 h) under the pressure of 2070 kPa]. The test results show that, as expected, the use of crumb rubber can effectively improve the PG grade and aging resistance of the virgin asphalt binder. A series of rheological properties (e.g., penetration, stiffness, m-value, and percentages of large and small molecular sizes) illustrate that the PG 64-22 binder, mixed with 10 %-40 ambient rubber, yields similar or improved rheological properties in comparison with PG 76-22 using 3 % styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer after various long-term aging procedures.
NADPH oxidase 4 induces cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy through activating Akt/mTOR and NFκB signaling pathways.

Background—NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) has been implicated in cardiac remodeling, but its precise role in cardiac injury remains controversial. Furthermore, little is known about the downstream effector signaling pathways activated by Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species in the myocardium. We investigated the role of Nox4 and Nox4-associated signaling pathways in the development of cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results—Cardiac-specific human Nox4 transgenic mice (c-hNox4Tg) were generated. Four groups of mice were studied: (1) control mice, littermates that are negative for hNox4 transgene but Cre positive; (2) c-hNox4 Tg mice; (3) angiotensin II (AngII)–infused control mice; and (4) c-hNox4Tg mice infused with AngII. The c-hNox4Tg mice exhibited an ≈10-fold increase in Nox4 protein expression and an 8-fold increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and manifested cardiac interstitial fibrosis. AngII infusion to control mice increased cardiac Nox4 expression and induced fibrosis and hypertrophy. ...
Improving Resident Assistants: Female and Male Chief Housing Officers in Christian Colleges and Universities

The resident assistant (RA) position on many college and university campuses is extremely important for the learning, safety, and cultural engagement of students. This study examined the training and performance improvement techniques of resident assistants as perceived by chief housing officers at institutions affiliated with the Council of Christian Colleges and Universities. Differences between male and female responses are noted.
Potential minimum viable value propositions for engineering education scholarship

While scholarship in engineering education is growing in quality and quantity, the extent to which engineering education scholarship influences practice is hotly debated. Multiple factors influence the extent to which research influences practice in any field. While many highlight the reward system as the pivotal factor, changing the reward structure is difficult and assumes extrinsic motivators are effective for faculty. Therefore, this change alone is unlikely to affect faculty priorities vis-a-vis scholarship and teaching. The paper assumes two premises that provide necessary but not sufficient conditions for engineering education scholarship to influence practice. First, the authors assume that the reward system is at worst neutral and may at best reward faculty members who demonstrate they improve student's attainment of learning outcomes. Second, the authors assume that there are effective channels that provide engineering faculty members with concise, accessible, and effective information that they can use to make informed decisions about their teaching. Starting with these two premises, the authors claim another reason research is not influencing practice sufficiently is that, in the language of entrepreneurship, the engineering education community has not provided sufficiently compelling value propositions for engineering faculty members to adopt research based instructional strategies. While the value proposition of engineering education research is clear to researchers, it may not be clear for the majority of engineering faculty members who do not engage in these knowledge-creation activities. An untested claim of this paper is that research advances in engineering education need to be paired with minimum viable value propositions (MWPs) in order to influence practice in engineering classrooms. Herein the authors offer a set of preliminary adoption-based value propositions intended to stimulate active, substantive conversations.
Spongiform Degeneration in mahoganoid Mutant Mice

mahoganoid is a mouse coat-color mutation whose pigmentary phenotype and genetic interactions resemble those of Attractin (Atrn). Atrn mutations also cause spongiform neurodegeneration. Here, we show that a null mutation for mahoganoid causes a similar age-dependent neuropathology that includes many features of prion diseases but without accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein. The gene mutated in mahoganoid encodes a RING-containing protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. Similarities in phenotype, expression, and genetic interactions suggest that mahoganoid and Atrn genes are part of a conserved pathway for regulated protein turnover whose function is essential for neuronal viability.
Accumulations of melt at the base of young oceanic crust

As hot, solid rock ascends through the mantle, the pressure around it decreases while its temperature decreases approximately adiabatically. During the ascent, the melting temperature decreases faster than the adiabat temperature, and if the initial temperature of the rock is high enough, the rock will begin to melt at the depth where the adiabat crosses the melting-temperature curve. Models of upwelling beneath mid-ocean ridges predict significant melt production over a zone several tens of kilometres wider than the ridge-axis region suggesting that some of the ascending melt must arrive away from the ridge axis. Here I report ocean-bottom seismograph observations of an uncommon and previously unreported marine seismic phase, which provide strong evidence that melt accumulates in sills at the base of young oceanic crust. The phase results from the conversion of compressional (P) waves to shear (S) waves on interaction with the crust-mantle boundary (the Moho). This phase is rare and very difficult to model, but when visible, it is strikingly prominent and usually appears at unexpectedly great source-to-receiver ranges. The observations imply the presence of bodies of extremely low rigidity, presumably melt sills, at the Moho close to the receiver. Melt may be fairly mobile at the base of the crust, allowing ridges to accumulate melt through a lateral plumbing system at the locally uplifted boundary between the crust and the underlying thermally expanded mantle. Escape of this melt to the sea floor may be responsible for the formation of off-axis seamounts.
Solid-State Deuterium NMR Studies of Organic Molecules in the Tectosilicate Nonasil

Solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy is used to study the dynamics of organic molecules occluded in the as-synthesized high-silica tectosilicate nonasil. The nonasil samples are synthesized using...
Tracking Error-Based Servohydraulic Actuator Adaptive Compensation for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation

Real-time hybrid simulation combines experimental testing and numerical simulation by dividing a structural system into experimental and analytical substructures. Servohydraulic actuators are typically used in a real-time hybrid simulation to apply command displacements to the experimental substructure(s). Servohydraulic actuators may develop a time delay due to inherent actuator dynamics that results in a desynchronization between the measured restoring force(s) and the integration algorithm in a real-time hybrid simulation. Inaccuracy or even instability will occur in a hybrid simulation if actuator delay is not compensated properly. This paper presents an adaptive compensation method for actuator delay. An adaptive control law is developed using an error tracking indicator to adapt a compensation parameter used in the proposed compensation method. Laboratory tests involving large-scale real-time hybrid simulations of a single degree of freedom moment resisting frame with an elastomeric damper are conducted to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive compensation method. The actuator tracking capability is shown to be greatly improved and exceptional experimental results are still achieved when a good estimate of actuator delay is not available.
Does preoperative therapy optimize outcomes in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer

The objective of this study was to compare survival between all patients with radiographically resectable adenocarcinoma of the proximal pancreas who underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy (PRE-OP CRT) or surgical exploration first (SURGERY) with “intention to resect.” Pancreatic cancer patients who undergo resection after PREOP CRT live longer than patients who undergo resection without PREOP CRT, a difference that may be attributable to patient selection. We retrospectively identified 236 patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma seen between 1999 and 2007 with sufficient data to be confirmed medically and radiographically resectable. The outcomes of 144 patients who underwent PREOP CRT were compared to those of 92 patients who proceeded straight to SURGERY. The groups were similar in age and gender. Tumors were slightly larger in the PREOP CRT group (mean 2.5 cm vs. 2.1 cm, P < 0.01), and there were trends toward more venous abutment (54% vs. 39%, P = 0.06) and a higher Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.1). In the PREOP CRT group, 76 patients (53%) underwent resection, 28 (19%) had metastatic and 17 (12%) locally unresectable disease after PREOP CRT, and 23 (16%) were not explored due to performance status or loss to follow-up. In the SURGERY group, 68 patients (74%) underwent resection. Sixteen patients (17%) had metastatic and eight patients (9%) locally unresectable disease at exploration. In patients who underwent resection, the PREOP CRT group had smaller pathologic tumor size and lower incidence of positive lymph nodes than the SURGERY group but no difference in positive margins or need for vascular resection. Median overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing resection was 27 months in the PREOP CRT group and 17 months in the SURGERY group (P = 0.04). Median OS in all patients treated with PREOP CRT or surgically explored with intention to resect was 15 and 13 months, respectively, with superimposable survival curves. Despite a lower resection rate, the PREOP CRT group as a whole had a similar OS to the SURGERY group as a whole. For patients who underwent resection, those in the PREOP CRT had longer survival than those in the SURGERY group, suggesting that PREOP CRT allows better patient selection for resection. PREOP CRT should be considered an acceptable alternative for most patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:111–118. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Picosecond pump-probe using an FEL and synchrotron source

Two color pump-probe experiments using the Duke Storage Ring as a synchrotron light source for visible light and the Mark III FEL as a tunable, high peak power IR source are possible. The storage ring RF booster and the Mark III FEL RF sources are both driven by the same master oscillator with a timing jitter between sources of less than 20 psec. The operation of the Mark III FEL results in a pulse structure of 2 psec pulses separated by 350 psec contained in a macropulse of 2 microsecond(s) ec duration which is repeated at 10 - 30 Hz. The storage ring can fill from 1 - 64 RF bunches, each with a synchrotron light pulse length of 20 - 30 psec. The circulator frequency for a single bunch is 2.79 MHz. Synchronized operation will result in a coincidence of 6 FEL-IR pulses with the visible synchrotron pulses for each 2 microsecond(s) ec macropulse, or multiples of 6 for multiple bunches in the ring. The visible synchrotron source can be used as a probe of vibrational excitation from the FEL in an experiment using vibrationally-assisted fluorescence as an indicator of overlap of the IR and the visible pulses. An optical delay line in the FEL beam will allow adjustment of the arrival time of the IR pulse relative to the visible probe. Exploration of coupling between electronic excitation and lifetimes of vibrational excitation of fluorescent compounds in solution can be carried out with this configuration.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Soil remediation by agglomeration with Blue Creek coal

Abstract Fine sized Blue Creek coal can be used to remove high molecular weight hydrocarbons from coarse size soils. Heavy crude oil contamination of sand can easily be reduced to a tenth of a weight percent. An added benefit is that lower grade coal can be used and is simultaneously up- graded by this process. Fine sized soils are more difficult to clean, but gross contamination can be reduced to around a half a weight percent while converting the lower grade coal to a high quality fuel.
Persistence and Boosting of Bacille Calmette-Guérin–Induced Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity

Previous Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination reduces the predictive value of serial purified protein derivative testing. The lowest BCG predictive values will occur in persons without known t...
Analysis of the baroclinic circulation of the New York Bight with a 3-D diagnostic model

Abstract The baroclinic, steady circulation of the New York Bight is computed for a stratified and an unstratified situation using observed density fields as input to a three-dimensional diagnostic model. The sea level and associated integrated transports are computed by finite differencing of the integrated vorticity equation over a curvilinear grid conforming to the 10- and 500-m isobaths and extending 250 km alongshore. This equation is forced by the depth-Jacobian of the baroclinic bottom pressure and the curl of the wind and bottom stresses. The wind and baroclinic pressure fields are specified as are the external and upstream boundary conditions. The bottom stress is expressed as a linear function of the flow at the bottom and is computed through the solution of a 1-D horizontal momentum balance, which in turn is used to provide the frictional and baroclinic z-dependence of the velocity field. For the April 1979 situation, comparisons with 18 current meter records yielded an average vector error of ∼1cm s1 and ∼10°. Comparisons with the August 1978 situation were less favorable because of the greater sensitivity of the stratified situation to the descrepancy between forcing from an instantaneous, but nonsynoptic, density field and an averaged wind field. The inner shelf (
Posterior lateral line afferent and efferent pathways within the central nervous system of the goldfish with special reference to the Mauthner cell

The goldfish posterior lateral line nerve consists of a dorsal and a ventral branch, each of which is associated with a ramus of the sensory branch of the VIIth nerve (ramus recurrens facialis). The afferent and efferent pathways of these nerves within the central nervous system were studied by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. The afferent fibers of the ramus recurrens facialis travel in the ventral portion of the VIIth nerve as it enters the brain and project predominantly to the ipsilateral half of the facial lobe. The afferent fibers of either the dorsal or ventral branch of the posterior lateral line nerve split into two bundles as they enter the brain. The caudally projecting fascicle terminates predominantly in the nucleus medialis. The fibers of the rostrally projecting bundle terminate predominantly in nucleus medialis and nucleus magnocellularis and in the eminentia granularis. The posterior lateral line efferent somata were located in the diencephalon as well as in the medulla oblongata. The medullary efferent neurons formed two distinct groups, a rostral and a caudal nucleus. The cell bodies of the latter were more numerous and larger than those of the former. The axons of the efferent neurons exit from the brain by one of two routes. The first is at the level of the rostral efferent nucleus and the second at the level of the Mauthner cell. Previous reports have described input of posterior lateral line afferent fibers to the Mauthner cell soma and proximal lateral dendrite of the goldfish. This electrophysiological input was bilateral and was interpreted as monosynaptic. The afferent input described in this study was ipsilateral and ended in the vicinity of the distal lateral dendrite. These differences are discussed in the context of the neuronal circuitry that may be present.
Uptake and intracellular distribution of 4,4′-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis-(guanylhydrazone) in sensitive and resistant leukemia L1210 cells☆

Abstract The uptake and intracellular distribution of 4, 4′-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) has been studied in vitro and in vivo using cells from leukemia L1210 and a subline resistant to the drug. The uptake process involved a very rapid adsorption, presumably to the cell exterior, followed by actual cellular uptake and firm binding of the drug to the cell. Both adsorption and binding occurred concurrently, although within the first few minutes adsorption predominated. The uptake exhibited first-order kinetics over a 10,000-fold range of external drug concentration with a k 37 of about 0·5 min −1 and a Q 10 of about 2·0. The intracellular-free drug concentration was found to be nearly equal to the extracellular drug concentration. Uptake was not decreased in the presence of sodium para -chloromercuribenzoate, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, of 4, 4'-diacetyldiphenylurea-mono(guanylhydrazone), or when cells were incubated in Ringer solution without calcium and glucose or killed by X-radiation. These findings support the conclusion that 4,4'-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) is taken up by passive diffusion. In resistant L1210 cells, the different parameters of uptake studied were uniformly 30–50 per cent lower than those found in sensitive L1210 cells; also in this case the intracellular-free drug concentration was nearly the same as the extracellular concentration. A large proportion of the drug taken up was bound to mitochondrial and nuclear fractions. The cellular uptake appeared to be rate-limited by binding or uptake within cellular compartments. The reduced rate of uptake in resistant L1210 was consistent with resistance and appeared to be related to alterations in the binding capacity of cellular organelles.
1135 PLASMA, LEUKOCYTE AND FIBROBLAST AMINO ACID LEVELS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF)

We are unaware of quantitative data on amino acid (AA) levels in CF plasma, leukocytes, and cultured cells, although alterations in methionine metabolism have been suggested in CF. Plasma samples and washed leukocyte pellets obtained after overnight fasting from clinically stable CF patients, obligate heterozygotes, and normal (NL) subjects, ages 16-30, were processed for AA analysis by standard methods. CF and NL fibroblasts matched for age and passage # were cultured in 3 different media (alpha, Eagle's MEM, and MEM + non-essential AA), harvested at confluency, and intracellular AA measured. Methionine content of all CF samples was similar to NL. Compared to NL (n=6), CF plasmas (11) had an ↑ mean level of glycine (CF 298 nmol/ml ± 12.4 [SEM], NL 231 ± 15.1, p <.005) and marginally altered citrulline and phenylalanine; for these AA, heterozygote means fell between CF and NL. CF and NL ranges for all plasma AA overlapped. CF leukocytes (5) compared to NL (3) had reduced leucine (CF 2.54 ± .46, NL 5.00 ± .29), isoleucine (CF 1.01 ± .30, NL 2.51 ± .12), valine (CF 1.52 ± .13, NL 2.94 ± .39), and phenylalanine (CF 0.86 ± .17, NL 1.95 ± .20) (all p <0.02) expressed as % of total AA; CF and NL ranges did not overlap and heterozygotes had decreases like CF for these four AA. The CF and NL fibroblasts (2 lines each) had similar AA content in all 3 media. The alterations noted in CF AA are relatively small, and have no obvious relationship to the major clinical or biochemical features of CF.
Photoinitiated reaction dynamics between aligned adsorbates on solid surfaces: A theoretical exploration of the H + CO2 system on LiF(001)

We report a quasi-classical trajectory study of a chemical reaction between H and CO2 at the LiF(001) surface. The reaction is initiated by photodissociation of well-aligned HBr(ad) at 193 nm, which produces a “hot” H atom directed toward a nearby CO2(ad). Single molecules of each reactant are placed on a static surface, and a full-dimensional HCO2 potential derived from ab initio calculations is used. The adsorbate−substrate and the adsorbate−adsorbate potentials consist of both nonelectrostatic and electrostatic contributions. Several energetically favorable adsorption configurations are determined by a Monte Carlo method. Quasi-classical trajectories are calculated at 80 K for four different adsorption configurations. We find that the reactivity at some configurations is significantly enhanced compared with the corresponding gas-phase simulation. The calculated impact parameters and incident angles of the surface-aligned collisions indicate that the enhanced reactivity can be largely attributed to the ...
Young children's understanding of diversity in pretense☆

Abstract Four studies probed preschoolers' understanding of diversity in the domain of pretense. In Study 1, 3- and 4-year-olds were shown video skits in which two characters pretended different things with the same object. To assess preschoolers understanding that the mind is involved in pretense, thought bubbles were superimposed over the actors' heads. Results of this study indicated that both 3- and 4-year-olds appreciate the potential for diversity in pretense, and understand pretense to be a mental activity. Results of Study 2 replicate Study 1, and argue against alternative explanations for participants' good performance in that study. Studies 3 and 4 compared the unique contributions made by dialogs and thought bubbles and revealed that 3-year-olds relied more on actors' mental contents than on their actions or dialogs when reasoning about pretense. Results of the studies are discussed in terms of children's developing understanding of the subjective and mental aspects of pretense, and the implications of this understanding for the development of their understanding of mind more generally.
Tropical Lichens: Their Systematics, Conservation, and Ecology.

List of contributors and participants D.J. Galloway: Biogeographical relationships of Pacific tropical lichen floras J.A. Elix: The lichen genus Relicina in Australasia C.W. Smith: Lichen conservation in Hawaii G.N. Stevens: The tropical Pacific species of Usnea and Ramalina and their relationship to species in other parts of the world P.W. Lambley: Lichens of Papua New Guinea H. Krog: Lichenological observations in low montane rainforests of eastern Tanzania E. Farkas: New and interesting records of Tanzanian foliicolous lichens I. Karnefelt: Evolutionary rates in the Teloscistaceae L. Arvidsson: Lichenological studies in Ecuador H.J.M. Sipman: Notes on the lichen flora of the Guianas, a neotropical lowland area M.P. Marcelli: Aspects of the foliose lichen flora of the southern-central coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil S.C. Tucker, S.W. Matthews, & R.L. Chapman: Ultrastructure of subtropical crustose lichens L. Arvidsson: On the importance of botanical gardens for lichens in the Asian tropics J.C. Wei & Y.M. Jiang: Some foliicolous lichens in Xishuangbanna, China P.A. Wolseley: Observations on the composition and distribution of the 'Lobarion' in the forest of South-East Asia M. Wedin: Spore ontogeny of Sphaerophorus diplotypus and S. fragilis A. Aptroot: Tropical pyrenocarpous lichens, a phylogenetic approach T.D.V. Swinscow: Epilogue Index.
Effect of treatment with phenobarbital and stiripentol on carbamazepine-induced teratogenicity and reactive metabolite formation.

A model using SWV mice was developed to investigate the mechanistic basis of carbamazepine (CBZ)-related fetotoxicity. Drug administration was initiated prior to conception and continued until day 18 of gestation. The incidence of malformation was 33% following CBZ exposure (1,500 mg/kg/day), compared with a 5% incidence in pair-fed control animals (P < 0.05). Coadministration of nonteratogenic doses of phenobarbital (PB; a cytochrome P-450 inducer) (45 mg/kg/day) and CBZ (1,000 mg/kg/day) increased the frequency of malformation from 10% to 26% (P < 0.05), compared with mice dosed with CBZ alone (1,000 mg/kg/day). Coadministration of stiripentol (STP; a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor) (300 mg/kg/day) decreased the incidence of malformations produced by CBZ (1,500 mg/kg/day) from 33% to 16.7% (P < 0.05). The effect of PB administration on the binding of 14C in maternal and fetal tissue was assessed in dams that received CBZ (1,000 mg/kg/day) with or without PB (45 mg/kg/day) or STP (300 mg/kg/day) chronically and a single i.p. dose of 14C-CBZ on day 12 of gestation. In all instances, binding was greatest in maternal liver, then in the placenta, fetal head and body, and maternal thigh muscle. In all tissues, PB caused a two-to threefold increase in binding, compared with binding in mice exposed to CBZ alone. STP administration decreased protein adduct formation only in maternal liver. The binding of 14C was also assessed in hepatic microsomes prepared from female mice exposed to CBZ and PB or STP as in the in vivo study of 14C binding. The extent of irreversible binding was 67% greater in microsomes prepared from mice pretreated with PB and CBZ than with CBZ alone, while STP resulted in only 21% inhibition of 14C adduct formation (P < 0.05). The results are consistent with the formation of a chemically reactive teratogenic metabolite of CBZ in mice by cytochrome(s) P-450.
Mitotic duration and its variability in relation to temperature in HeLa cells.

Abstract The variabilty in the duration of mitosis as a function of temperature was studied by time-lapse cinemicrography in HeLa (wild-type) cells. The following pattern emerged: 1. 1. The mean mitotic duration ranged from 36 to 80 min between 32.7 and 39.6 °C and passed through a minimum in the vicinity of 37.5 °C. 2. 2. At 36.4 °C and above the shortest measured mitotic duration tended to remain the same as the temperature increased; below 36.4 °C, however, the shortest measured mitotic duration tended to increase as the temperature decreased. 3. 3. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation divided by mean) of the mitotic durations appeared to be relatively constant between 34.5 and 37.8 °C but to rise upwards to cither side of this temperature range. 4. 4. The mean duration of mitosis changed with time when cultures grown at 36.4 °C were suddenly shifted to new temperatures. When a culture was shifted from 36.4 °C to a lower temperature the mean duration of mitosis increased steadily over a period of time, then declined and approached the steady state value. When the culture was shifted from 36.4 °C to a higher temperature the mean mitotic duration first decreased and then increased to reach a steady-state value. 5. 5. During the transient the coefficient of variation also increased during the rising phase of mean mitotic duration indicating that variability increased at a greater rate than the mean duration.
Understanding Violence in Place: Travelling Knowledge Paradigms and Measuring Domestic Violence in India

This article investigates how ‘gender-based violence’ is taken up as a subject of research, and more specifically, how gender violence is understood and researched in the ‘developing world’. Based ...
The development of an exit examination in criminal justice for graduating seniors: A case study

Faculty members in higher education have become increasingly concerned with evaluating faculty members' and students' performance and with improving accountability. One focus of investigation has been the assessment of graduating seniors through the use of an exit examination. In many disciplines, standardized tests are available for such purposes, and graduating seniors at a particular institution can be compared with a nationally normed sample. No such tests presently are available in criminal justice. The purpose of this study was to develop such an instrument, tailored to meet the needs of a specific curriculum. The process and the preliminary results are described, including the limitations on interpretation. The advantages and the potential difficulties of this process are discussed.