cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speciation of Arsenic and Cadmium Compounds by Reversed-Phase Ion-Pair LC with Single-Wavelength Inductively Coupled Plasma Detection

Analyse d'echantillons complexes contenant de l'arsenite de sodium, de l'arseniate de sodium, de l'ethylenediaminetetraacetate de cadmium et du nitrilotriacetate de cadmium
How Can Occupational Therapy Support Underserved Minority Groups Following the Changes to the Autism Diagnosis

Date Presented 4/18/2015 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5) made changes to the diagnosis criteria of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An increase in diagnosis disparity is expected. A search revealed a projected significant decrease in the rates of the autism diagnosis for underserved minority groups. Occupational therapists (OTs) must become advocates for those underserved populations.
Private-Sector and Public-Sector Strategies to Encourage Technological Alliances

‘Technological alliances,’ ‘research joint ventures,’ ‘strategic networks’ are all terms that have become commonplace, as well as synonymous, within the so-called science and technology policy literature; however, few have attempted to distinguish among the meaning of these terms, much less to systematically conceptualize precisely to what they refer. For nearly two decades, innovative agents, firms specifically, have formally gone outside of their organizational boundaries to acquire technological knowledge from others in an effort to reduce innovation costs, to decrease time to market, and/or to leap-frog existing technologies. Whatever the strategic motive, and innovation is indeed a purposeful strategic action, these alliances have emphasized through example the importance of knowledge flows to on-going research agendas. Thus, one might think of ‘technological alliances’ as an arrangement—formal or informal—that comes about—intentionally, culturally, or by accident—for the purpose of facilitating knowledge flows.
Changes in groundwater recharge under projected climate in the upper Colorado River basin

Understanding groundwater-budget components, particularly groundwater recharge, is important to sustainably manage both groundwater and surface water supplies in the Colorado River basin now and in the future. This study quantifies projected changes in upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) groundwater recharge from recent historical (1950–2015) through future (2016–2099) time periods, using a distributed-parameter groundwater recharge model with downscaled climate data from 97 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate projections. Simulated future groundwater recharge in the UCRB is generally expected to be greater than the historical average in most decades. Increases in groundwater recharge in the UCRB are a consequence of projected increases in precipitation, offsetting reductions in recharge that would result from projected increased temperatures.
Sources and Reactivity of Reductants Encountered in Aquatic Environments

This work provides an introduction to organic reductants encountered in aquatic environments, and their role in the redox transformation of metallic elements. Sources and sinks for organic reductants are reviewed, and reaction pathways, stoichiometries, and thermodynamics are outlined. In order to illustrate differences in the reactivity of important metal oxidant species, reactions of chromium(VI) and Mn(III,IV), Fe(III), and Co(III) (hydr)oxides with a number of important reductants are reviewed. The multi-component and complex structural nature of natural organic matter presents a formidable challenge towards characterization. Detailed examination of reductant reactivity is needed to fully evaluate metal speciation and metal transport behavior in the environment.
Socail resources and divorced mothers' economic well-being

v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND 2 Divorce trends in the 20 th century 3 No-fault divorce 3 Post-divorce economic recovery 4 Theoretical approach 6 Divorce-stress-adjustment perspective 6 Current model 8 Individual resources 9 Interpersonal resources 14 Structural resources 16 CHAPTER 3: METHODS 24 Data 24 Analytical sample 25 Dependent variable 25 Independent variables 26 Controls 28 Analysis plan 29 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 30 Descriptive results 30 Bivariate results 32 Multivariate results 34 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCES 53
Towards a Theory of AI Completeness

In this paper we present a novel classification of computational problems. Motivated by a theoretical investigation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), we present (1) a complexity model for computational problems that includes a human in the process, and (2) a classification of prototypical problems treated in the AI literature. The contribution of this paper is useful for automatically distinguishing between human and computer users. Also, this work serves as a formal basis for investigation of problems that researchers treat as hard AI problems. Most importantly, this work allows progress in AI as a field to be more measurable, instead of measurable with respect to problem-specific quantities.
Forward backward greedy algorithms for multi-task learning with faster rates

A large body of algorithms have been proposed for multi-task learning. However, the effectiveness of many multi-task learning algorithms highly depends on the structural regularization, which incurs bias in the resulting estimators and leads to slower convergence rate. In this paper, we aim at developing a multi-task learning algorithm with faster convergence rate. In particular, we propose a general estimator for multitask learning with row sparsity constraint on the parameter matrix, i.e., the number of nonzero rows in the parameter matrix being small. The proposed estimator is a nonconvex optimization problem. In order to solve it, we develop a forward backward greedy algorithm with provable guarantee. More specifically, we prove that the output of the greedy algorithm attains a sharper estimation error bound than many state-of-the-art multi-task learning methods. Moreover, our estimator enjoys model selection consistency under a mild condition. Thorough experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and back up our theory.
Real Estate Holdings Among the Super-Rich in the USA

Real estate is an important, but understudied, component of the portfolios of the super-rich. We explore the real estate ownership distribution and household traits associated with large real estate holdings in the USA. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we examine the factors that lead to top positions in the ownership of real estate. We find that top real estate owning households and other wealthy households do not uniformly overlap. Additionally, top wealth-owning households are more likely to have previously inherited assets, have higher educational attainment, and be self-employed. However, among households who own large amounts of real estate, real estate investment is associated with lower educational attainment and is not significantly associated with inheritance, occupational status, or family characteristics.
How Humans Consciously See Paintings and Paintings Illuminate How Humans See

This article illustrates how the paintings of visual artists activate multiple brain processes that contribute to their conscious perception. Paintings of different artists may activate different combinations of brain processes to achieve their artist’s aesthetic goals. Neural models of how advanced brains see have characterized various of these processes. These models are used to explain how paintings of Jo Baer, Banksy, Ross Bleckner, Gene Davis, Charles Hawthorne, Henry Hensche, Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Jules Olitski, and Frank Stella may achieve their aesthetic effects. These ten painters were chosen to illustrate processes that range from discounting the illuminant and lightness anchoring, to boundary and texture grouping and classification, through filling-in of surface brightness and color, to spatial attention, conscious seeing, and eye movement control. The models hereby clarify how humans consciously see paintings, and paintings illuminate how humans see.
Real-time code-division multi-tag localization with centimeter accuracy

In conventional indoor passive radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocols are designed to counter multi-path interference and inter-tag collision for digital ID retrieval. However, high-accuracy (centimeter-level and below) localization to track multiple tags simultaneously still awaits a feasible solution. Overlap on the same carrier frequency of the downlink (from reader to tags) and uplink (from tags to reader) leads to severe self-jamming and reader collision, which makes tag localization especially difficult. The present narrow bandwidth also limits the localization accuracy and reliability. Starting from the polling process and synchronization by TDMA, we propose the code division multiple access (CDMA) within the broadband harmonic backscatter RFID system to enable the simultaneous real-time (15 Hz) tag localization with centimeter accuracy and millimeter deviation. We investigate the impacts of the number of tags with respect to the sampling rate, tag power consumption and locating errors originated from the inter-tag collision, and then present an experimental prototype for verification.
DrumBall: Design and Implementation of a Digital Orality Hypermedia System

This paper describes the concept and design plan of DrumBall, a device that allows for rhythmic input to be turned into and used as letters, words and phrases. Thinking beyond the computer screen and keyboard as traditional interface models, and their reliance on numeric and alphabetic language representations, we propose to explore drum language as a mode of HCI, whereby hand-played rhythms are input methods to the system, which generates speech, text and visualization output. Based largely on the talking drum model of communicating messages, with some influence from Morse code, this digital talking drum project could set the foundation for a new way to think about learning, as well as provide a fresh (and fun) perspective on the role of rhythm in the 21st century information society.
Canada and the United States—Trading Partners and Transfer Pricing Opponents?

ABSTRACTGiven the significant trading relationships between Canada and the United States, their transnational corporations and their tax authorities share more than a border. However, differences in transfer pricing regulations, tax rates, and regulatory enforcement philosophies have exacerbated many existing risks, and created new risks for executives in these corporations. These risks must be managed proactively, yet attempts at risk management are often incompatible with one tax authority or the other. Assuming that an operational transfer pricing framework is in place, there are several proactive strategies available to mitigate transfer pricing risk and potentially satisfy both tax authorities. An operational framework and proactive strategies, including documentation and advance pricing agreements, are discussed from the Canadian and US perspective, including expert interviews.
No Association of Waist Circumference and Prostate Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

Background: The relationship between excess body weight and prostate cancer risk is unclear. However, some evidence suggests that waist circumference, which provides a measure of central adiposity, may be positively associated with more advanced stages or grades of prostate cancer.Methods: The association between waist circumference and prostate cancer was investigated among 46,094 men enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, of whom 5,711 were diagnosed with this cancer between 1997 and 2013. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined associations of weight circumference with total and high-grade prostate cancer incidence and with prostate cancer mortality.Results: In both categorical and continuous analyses, waist circumference was not associated with total or high-grade (Gleason score ≥ 8) prostate cancer incidence or with prostate cancer mortality regardless of whether body mass index was adjusted for in the statistical model. Waist circumference was inversely associated with low-grade (Gleason score < 8) prostate cancer, but the association was not statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index.Conclusions: Our results suggest that central adiposity, as measured by waist circumference, is not significantly associated with prostate cancer incidence or mortality.Impact: Compared with men in other studies with significant results, men in our study were considerably older, suggesting that age may influence the association between waist circumference and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1812-4. ©2017 AACR.
Predictors of Intrusive Sexual Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Children

Intrusive sexual behaviors (ISBs) are a specific type of problematic sexual behavior characterized by the invasive nature of the acts (e.g., touching others’ private parts, attempting intercourse; ...
A Method of Mechanistic Model Validation with a Case Study in Plasma Etching

As an alternative to a response surface model (RSM) of data from a complicated process, it is sometimes possible to propose a simplified model based upon an understanding of the process physics and chemistry. Such mechanistic modeling can yield more insight into process behavior than an RSM. The functional form of a mechanistic model is not adjustable, however, in the way an RSM is and the model fit must be tested rigorously, even after statistically significant parameter estimates are regressed. Because process data are noisy, mechanistic models must be validated with statistical tests. Nonparametric validation methodology is applied here to eliminate inaccurate models and select the mechanistic model that is most accurately descriptive of the etch rate in a plasma etching system.
A Tribute to Sandy as Teacher

Years before I knew Sandy as a fellow faculty member and then as Dean, he was my teacher. When I entered Michigan Law School in the summer of 1962, one of my three courses was Sandy's Criminal Law. A year later I took Conflicts of Law from him. At that time Sandy was also an active labor arbitrator, and I spent a year as a kind of law clerk for him. Under these circumstances I got to know him about as well as any law student, in our harried times, gets to know a teacher. I have had many more teachers than most people; besides college and law school, I have gone through two M.A. programs. Yet among all of my teachers, I treasure Sandy as one of the two or three best. He was a great classroom teacher in many different ways. First, in both of the courses I took from him, he gave his students a fundamental perspective on the subject. In Criminal Law it was the clear-headed mens rea analysis of the Model Penal Code; in Conflicts of Law it was Brainerd Currie's governmental interests analysis. With these perspectives, we were enabled both to comprehend each course as a coherent whole and to deal with particular problems on our own. Second, in this way Sandy also taught us what good teaching is like. I realize that there is a contrary pedagogical ideal whereby students are offered a variety of perspectives and are encouraged to pick one for themselves. This was not Sandy's way; and from my own experience, I am persuaded that he was right. All the teachers whom I look back on as especially helpful pushed their own favored perspective and pushed it hard. Students alert enough to absorb the teaching were by no means bound by it. On the contrary, with a coherent starting point for evaluating subsequent experience, we were enabled, for better or worse, to arrive at our own views of the subject. Third, in this way Sandy also taught us a fundamental perspective on legal problems generally. Once I was talking with another member of our faculty about that moment in our first year of law school when some clich6 or other suddenly seemed to illuminate the entire subject of law for us. My revelation was this: You can't apply a legal rule intelligently unless you know the reason for the rule. Every day in class, Sandy's way of teaching instilled in us this perpetually useful maxim. Fourth, and perhaps most important, Sandy taught us the respon-
Gastrointestinal motility problems in patients with Parkinson's disease : Epidemiology, pathophysiology and guidelines for management

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a frequent feature of Parkinson’s disease and may be characterised by disordered salivation, dysphagia, gastroparesis, constipation and defecatory dysfunction. Excess saliva is noted by at least 70% of patients with Parkinson’s disease and is caused by decreased swallowing frequency rather than overproduction of saliva. Treatment is largely nonpharmacological, although more effective management of dysphagia may also reduce saliva accumulation. Anticholinergic drugs are best avoided Dysphagia develops in 50% or more of individuals with Parkinson’s disease and may be due to oral, pharyngeal or oesophageal factors. Behavioural techniques taught by a speech/swallowing therapist may be useful, but optimum employment of dopaminergic medications may also provide significant improvement in 30 to 40% of patients. Surgical approaches, such as cricopharyngeal myotomy, may be appropriate in selected individuals Impaired gastric emptying may occur in Parkinson’s disease and interfere with levodopa absorption in addition to producing bloating and other symptoms. Prokinetic agents, such as cisapride and domperidone, have been successfully utilised for this problem Bowel dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease has been separated into constipation, due to slowed colon transit, and defecatory dysfunction, due to discoordinated anorectal muscular function, but the two conditions often coexist. Fibre, fluid and prokinetic agents may improve constipation; unproven modalities, such as apomorphine and botulinum toxin injections, may hold the best promise for ameliorating defecatory dysfunction
Considerations of Developmental Biology for the Plant Cell Geneticist

Cultured plant cells offer many advantages for genetic manipulation of higher plants. But our efforts to select and characterize mutants in vitro remind us that cultured plant cells are not unicellular microorganisms, but components of highly complex developmental systems. First, many whole plant traits, especially agronomically important characteristics such as yield, are not expressed by cultured cells. Second, many novel phenotypes selected in cell culture are not expressed by regenerated plants. Epigenetic changes, the occurrence of developmentally regulated isozymes, and variation in the impact of selective conditions on plant cell growth and viability during development are considered as explanations for the failure of whole plants to manifest many phenotypic alterations that are expressed by cultured cells.
Combined Degree Opportunities

There are many dual degree paths to choose from. A second degree can be pursued alongside or subsequent to the MD. Dual expertise will help physicians better manage the complex environment of healthcare in the twenty-first century.
Using Open Source Application In Education Technology

Technology is very important in our day-to-day education because one of its benefits of technology when it comes to educating our teachers is the use of software applications such as OPEN Source Impress, Writer and Calc besides free it's easy to download it on the Internet for free and without payment. The use of Open Source Software in Education Technology is a great thing as using Impress which can be used in making a simple presentation
Forests of Oklahoma, 2016

This resource update provides an overview of the forest resources of Oklahoma based on an inventory conducted by the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program at the Southern Research Station (SRS), and Oklahoma Forestry Services (OFS). Data collection and estimates are based on the FIA annualized sample design, and are updated yearly, creating a moving average. The 2016 resource update highlights how the moving average has been updated since the 2015 report (Dooley, 2017). The data used in this publication were accessed from the FIA Database between May 1 and June 15, 2018.
13 Chronic Pain

Pain serves a protective function in acute circumstances; however, in select individuals, pain may persist past the point of injury and become chronic and disabling. Chronic pain is unremitting and carries significant physical, emotional, social, and economic burdens for individuals, their families, and society. The development and persistence of chronic pain is best understood in the context of a biopsychosocial framework. Following a historical overview of pain theories, we present the leading theory of chronic pain, which is a biopsychosocial theory incorporating psychological, affective, cognitive, and physiological factors as key contributors to the development and maintenance of chronic pain symptoms. We summarize evidence supporting the important contribution of each of these factors and how they interact to culminate in the chronic pain experience. We present methods for assessing these constructs in pain patients and discuss how the cognitive-behavioral treatment perspective may be utilized either independently or as part of an intensive rehabilitation approach to decrease pain severity and improve physical and emotional functioning. Keywords: chronic; pain; psychology; cognitive; behavioral
Mindfulness and trauma symptoms predict child abuse potential in risk-exposed, men and women during pregnancy.

Abstract Background Nearly a third of adults report childhood trauma in their youth and approximately 700,000 cases of child maltreatment were reported in 2016. Both history of childhood trauma and current trauma symptoms in adults are linked to child maltreatment, although many trauma-exposed individuals are warm and nurturing parents. Identifying resiliency factors in adults with risk factors for harsh parenting may illuminate new pathways to sensitive parenting. Mindfulness is reported to improve trauma and mental health symptoms but the relationship between mindfulness, trauma, and child abuse potential is not yet understood. Objective This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between mindfulness, childhood trauma experiences, trauma symptoms and child abuse potential. Participants and setting Our participants were 102 expectant parents recruiting from obstetric clinics and agencies Detroit, MI (58.8% African American, 27.5% Caucasian). Method Bivariate correlations were examined using validated, self-report questionnaires. Significant variables were included in a hierarchical linear regression to identify predicting factors that contribute to child abuse potential scores. Results Significant correlations between child abuse potential with current trauma symptoms (r = .53, p Conclusion Findings suggest increased mindfulness, especially nonreactivity to one’s own thoughts, may be an important factor to protect against child abuse potential. Interventions to increase parental mindfulness may reduce child abuse potential and improve child well-being, but further mechanistic research is needed to determine this.
Job satisfaction and the psychosocial work environment: Does the relationship vary by hospital patient care workers’ age?

Increasing job satisfaction of healthcare workers is important for workers themselves, their employers, and their patients. This study draws on a sample of 1,409 patient care workers across two hos...
Behavioral Economics in Sport for Development and Peace: A Viable Route to Innovation?

Rationale: Within the field of sport for development and peace (SDP), the funding landscape significantly influences organizational behavior and innovation. However, the potential for funders to he...
Screening for Breast Cancer in Average-Risk Women: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians

This guidance statement from the American College of Physicians, based on review of existing guidelines and evidence underpinning those guidelines, provides advice to clinicians on breast cancer sc...
The development and ecology of the Japanese macaque gut microbiome from weaning to early adolescence in association with diet.

Previously we have shown that the Japanese macaque gut microbiome differs not by obesity per se, but rather in association with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. This held true for both pregnant dams, as well as their 1-year-old offspring, even when weaned onto a control diet. Here we aimed to examine the stability of the gut microbiome over time and in response to maternal and postweaning HFD feeding from 6 months of age, and at 1 and 3 years of age. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal specimens, we performed analysis of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on anus swabs collected from pregnant dams and their juveniles at age 6 months to 3 years (n = 55). Extracted microbial DNA was subjected to 16S-amplicon-based metagenomic sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We initially identified 272 unique bacterial genera, and multidimensional scaling revealed samples to cluster by age and diet exposures. Dirichlet multinomial mixture modeling of microbiota abundances enabled identification of two predominant enterotypes to which samples sorted, characterized primarily by Treponema abundance, or lack thereof. Approximating the time of initial weaning (6 months), the Japanese macaque offspring microbiome underwent a significant state type transition which stabilized from 1 to 3 years of age. However, we also found the low abundance Treponema enterotype to be strongly associated with HFD exposure, be it during gestation/lactation or in the postweaning interval. Examination of taxonomic co-occurrences revealed samples within the low Treponema cluster were relatively permissive (allowing for increased interactions between microbiota) whereas samples within the high Treponema cluster were relatively exclusionary (suggesting decreased interactions amongst microbiota). Taken together, these findings suggest that Treponemes are keystone species in the developing gut microbiome of the gut, and susceptible to HFD feeding in their relative abundance.
Deep Cheek Fat Volumes and Midfacial Aging.

BACKGROUND Midfacial volumizing procedures are increasingly common in facial rejuvenation. However, the changes that occur in midfacial fat with aging are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine how deep cheek fat volume is predicted by age. METHODS We conducted retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of patients based on facial computed tomography (CT) scans. In the cross-sectional cohort, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relations between age and deep cheek fat volumes. In the longitudinal analysis, changes to deep cheek fat volumes were tracked among subjects who underwent multiple facial CT scans. RESULTS The cross-sectional cohort comprised 109 patients. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 59.7 (15.0) years (range, 21.7-91.1 years). A linear regression analysis showed that increasing age was associated with increasing deep cheek fat volume (β = 0.015, P < 0.001). Additional regression analyses showed that the gain of fat with aging was more pronounced in the caudal aspect of the cheek (β = 0.007, P < 0.001) than in the cephalad (β = 0.005, P < 0.001). Twenty-three subjects were identified for longitudinal analysis. The mean (SD) ages at initial and final imaging time points were 50.0 (5.8) and 60.3 (5.2) years. In the deep fat compartment, there was an average gain of 0.23 mL over 10.3 years (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Age is an important predictor of midfacial deep cheek fat volume. In this study, there is no evidence of adipose volume loss in the deep cheek compartment. Rather, aging was associated with an increase in deep cheek fat, possibly reflecting pseudoherniation of buccal fat. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
Peritoneal involvement by salpingoliths clinical significance and cytological challenges of interpretation.

We present a case of salpingoliths detected in peritoneal washing, during an elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, in a 32 years old woman with history of familial BRCA gene mutation. Salpingoliths are psammoma body-like types of calcification that originate from the fallopian tubes and can be encountered in peritoneal washings. Unlike psammoma bodies, salpingoliths have been tagged to benign and hyperplastic processes more often than neoplastic processes. Misinterpreting salpingoliths as psammoma bodies in peritoneal washings can be misleading for both cytopathologists and clinicians, especially as in the presented case, where there is a high risk for ovarian carcinoma. In this article, we aim to shed light on this rare finding, and report theories explaining its pathogenesis, in addition we provide an example of its challenging cytological presentation, to increase awareness among cytopathologists.
Acute Erythroleukemia: An Analysis of 108 Patients Treated with Cytarabine-Containing Regimens at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Abstract Acute erythrocytic leukemia (AML-M6) is an uncommon subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It usually presents as a proliferation of dysplastic erythroid elements mixed with blasts of myeloid origin, although there are some rare cases of pure erythroid proliferation (DiGuglielmo's disease). It has previously been associated with a poor prognosis. Here, we report the experience at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. From January, 1980 to May, 2006 there were 2992 patients with newly diagnosed AML (excluding APL), and 108 (4%) had the diagnosis of AML-M6. Diagnosis was based on morphological features according to the FAB classification, PAS-positivity by cytochemistry and immunophenotypical positivity for glycophorin A when available. Seventy (65%) were males; median age was 60 years (range 17 – 85). Antecedent hematological disorder (AHD) and/or MDS was present in 54 patients (50%) compared to 40% in other AML patients (p=0.056), and 27 (25%) patients had previously received treatment for other malignancies. The median white blood cell count at diagnosis was 2.5x109/L (0.3–45.1), hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL (2.5–12.6) and platelet count 40x109/L (3–22). Information about bone marrow dysplasia was available in 80 patients. Significant morphological dysplasia of erythroid lineage was found in 66 (83%), of myeloid lineage in 38 (48%) and of megakaryocytic lineage in 36 (45%) cases. Cytogenetic analysis was available in 106 (98%) cases, and was abnormal in 77 (71%) patients. The most common abnormalities were: Monosomy 5/Monosomy 7 in 50 (46.3%) and Trisomy 8 in 9 (8.3%). Poor risk cytogenetics were found in 46% of patients with AML-M6, comparing to 19% of the control group (other AML patients excluding APL) (p
The Predictive Effect of the Modified Predictors of Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation in Tracheostomized Patients With Prolonged Weaning: A Retrospective Study

Background: Weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is a prominent process in patients with acute respiratory failure when their cause of respiratory failure begins to reverse or stabilize. The rate of patients in weaning success after the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is about 31-40%. Furthermore, there are still about 15% of patients who are prolonged weaning or ventilator dependent. Tracheostomy is an alternative way to promote weaning from MV because of the benefits of decreasing airway resistance and improving patient comfort. Meanwhile, it is crucial to determine the time of weaning from MV by weaning parameters. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) has been thought as an accurate predictor of weaning from MV for decades. In recent years, there are studies that are determining the better predictive effects on modified RSBI and weaning index (WI) than the traditional RSBI in orotracheally intubated patients before weaning from MV. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study to determine the predictive effect of the modified predictors of weaning from MV in tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning. Purpose: To determine predictive effects of the modified predictors of weaning from MV in tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning. Methods: This retrospective study was researched the electrical chart database at the intensive care units and respiratory care center in a medical center in a 5-year period. Weaning parameters, body mass index (BMI), ventilator parameters, arterial blood gas (ABG), and the outcome of weaning from MV were recorded. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, thresholds, area under the curves (AUC), PPV, NPV, specificity, and sensitivity of RSBI, the modified RSBI and WI were analyzed. We also used univariate and multivariate logistic regression model to determine different predictors in weaning success. Results: Among three indices nRSBI (sensitivity 69%, specificity 84%, PPV 90%, NPV 56%, AUC 81.5%) and WI (sensitivity 73%, specificity 86%, PPV 91%, NPV 60%, AUC 84.5%) had better predictive power than modified RSBI (sensitivity 71%, specificity 78%, PPV 87%, NPV 56%, AUC 78. 4%). The significant predictors in weaning success in tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning were neurologic disease, RSBI and WI. Conclusions: The traditional RSBI and WI had good and the same predictive effects in weaning from MV in tracheostomized patients with prolonged weaning.
Developing a Common Mentoring Protocol for ERC Summer Programs Using “As-is, Should-be and To-be” Process

The Engineering Research Centers (ERCs), funded by the National Science Foundation, run various summer programs to promote engineering education and engineering careers within the community. To help obtain a successful program experience, ERCs assign each participant a mentor or mentors from center affiliated faculty members, postdoctoral scholars and graduate students. Mentors have expressed concerns with lacking executable guidelines and followable instructions in mentoring the participants. Existing literature has not fully explored the mentoring protocols for engineering summer research programs. This study proposes a series of systematically integrated research to develop a common instructional mentoring protocol for future ERC summer programs by applying “As-is, Should-be and To-be” process.
Ground and Excited States of Gas-Phase DNA Nucleobase Cation-Radicals. A UV-vis Photodisociation Action Spectroscopy and Computational Study of Adenine and 9-Methyladenine

Cation radicals of adenine (A•+) and 9-methyladenine (MA•+) were generated in the gas phase by collision-induced intramolecular electron transfer in copper-terpyridine-nucleobase ternary complexes and characterized by collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra and UV-vis photodissociation action spectroscopy in the 210-700 nm wavelength region. The action spectra of both A•+ and MA•+ displayed characteristic absorption bands in the near-UV and visible regions. Another tautomer of A•+ was generated as a minor product by multistep CID of protonated 9-(2-bromoethyl)adenine. Structure analysis by density functional theory and coupled-clusters ab initio calculations pointed to the canonical 9-H-tautomer Ad1•+ as the global energy minimum of adenine cation radicals. The canonical tautomer MA1•+ was also calculated to be a low-energy structure among methyladenine cation radicals. However, two new noncanonical tautomers were found to be energetically comparable to MA1•+. Vibronic absorption spectra were calculated for several tautomers of A•+ and MA•+ and benchmarked on equation-of-motion coupled-clusters excited-state calculations. Analysis of the vibronic absorption spectra of A•+ tautomers pointed to the canonical tautomer Ad1•+ as providing the best match with the action spectrum. Likewise, the canonical tautomer MA1•+ was the unequivocal best match for the MA•+ ion generated in the gas phase. According to potential-energy mapping, MA1•+ was separated from energetically favorable noncanonical cation radicals by a high-energy barrier that was calculated to be above the dissociation threshold for loss of a methyl hydrogen atom, thus preventing isomerization. Structures and energetics of all four DNA nucleobase cation radicals are compared and discussed.
10 – Market Organization

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the degree of monopoly power and two-person bargaining games. A market situation is one of cooperation between buyer and seller and conflict between seller and seller or buyer and buyer. It should be considered from the viewpoints of both cooperative and noncooperative games. The noncooperative theory was developed to theory of oligopoly. The chapter presents Nash's cooperative game theory and discusses the income distributional aspects of both cooperative and noncooperative market organization. The chapter further focuses on the implication of Cournot's theory for the factor demands of an industry and commodity supply as a function of other prices. It is found that if market power is assumed to be one-directional, Cournot's theory applies. An example of a pure bargaining game is that of trading between two individuals when one individual can offer only positive quantities of goods to the other. The equilibrium point is simply the no-trade alternative because except for isolation, given that each trader has made a positive offer to the other on the presumption that the others offer was fixed, each would do better by withdrawing his own offer.
FRETBursts: Open Source Burst Analysis Toolkit for Confocal Single-Molecule FRET

Single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) allows probing intermolecular interactions and conformational changes in biomacromolecules, and represents an invaluable tool in studying cellular processes at the molecular scale. smFRET experiments can detect the distance between two fluorescent labels (donor and acceptor) in the 3-10 nm range. In the commonly employed confocal geometry, molecules are free to diffuse in solution. When a molecule traverses the excitation volume it emits a burst of photons that can be detected by single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs). The intensities of donor and acceptor fluorescence can then be related to the distance between the two dyes. The analysis of smFRET experiments involves identifying photon bursts from single-molecules in a continuous stream of photon, estimating the background and other correction factors, filtering and finally extracting the corrected FRET efficiencies for each sub-population in the sample. In this paper we introduce FRETBursts, a software for confocal smFRET data analysis which allows executing a complete burst analysis pipeline by using state-of-the-art algorithms. FRETBursts is an open source python package that we envision both as toolkit for research and new developments in burst analysis and as reference implementation of commonly employed algorithms. We follow the highest standard in software development to ensure that the source is easy to read, well documented and thoroughly tested. Moreover, in an effort to lower the barriers to computational reproducibility, we embrace a modern workflow based on Jupyter notebooks that allows to capture of the whole process from raw data to figures within a single document.
Life in the Kongsi Settlements of KL and Penang

In the first substantive chapter, the reader is introduced to the world of the kongsi—makeshift, improvised, spaces of habitation which migrants who are involved in hyper-construction work often find themselves in. In 2016, a special report by a local Malaysian newspaper, The Star, highlighted the presence and prevalence of a new type of informal settlement—the makeshift labor kongsi camp—where which have become a common and seemingly unavoidable aspect of the type of neoliberal hyper-construction that Malaysia has been witnessing for more than two decades now. In between the shadows of monstrous new commercial and residential buildings exist ramshackle, improvised settlements where hundreds or thousands of displaced and temporary migrants live and spend their days. These ‘kongsis’ function like other labor camps, yet are also unique in that they are incredibly portable and flexible, as well as disposable. In Malaysia, the demand for cheap, flexible, and invisible—‘ghostly’—labor is such that the kongsi also becomes a hub-like space that draws workers in and then disperses once the work is done. The migrant ‘kongsi’ is often a space marked by an impermanence, of both people and material, and functions as a space of exception and exclusion, as well as invisible subaltern cosmopolitanism. In this chapter, I draw attention to how these kongsi spaces emerge as sites of exclusion and exception, where migrants—both formal and undocumented (including refugees and asylum seekers)—become pulled into the world of hyper-construction and hyper-building as part of Malaysia’s experimentations in global city building. Kongsis are essential to the provision of cheap flexible labor, where the control and management of different populations are subject to the variegated, hierarchical control of a mix of state and private actors, both formal and informal. There is also a second type of kongsi, broadly defined—perhaps best described as a ‘wasteland settlement.’ These kongsis are largely improvised, makeshift settlements that are constructed near or within the sites of former labor camps, where the construction projects have long been completed or abandoned. As some of the stories in this chapter show, the cosmopolitanism of the kongsi also extends to more intimate spheres such as romantic relationships and family, in surprising and unexpected ways.
Bacterial death and TRADD-N domains help define novel apoptosis and immunity mechanisms shared by prokaryotes and metazoans

Several homologous domains are shared by eukaryotic immunity and programmed cell-death systems and poorly understood bacterial proteins. Recent studies show these to be components of a network of highly regulated systems connecting apoptotic processes to counter-invader immunity, in prokaryotes with a multicellular habit. However, the provenance of key adaptor domains, namely those of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies, a quintessential feature of metazoan apoptotic systems, remained murky. Here, we use sensitive sequence analysis and comparative genomics methods to identify unambiguous bacterial homologs of the Death-like and TRADD-N superfamilies. We show the former to have arisen as part of a radiation of effector-associated α-helical adaptor domains that likely mediate homotypic interactions bringing together diverse effector and signaling domains in predicted bacterial apoptosis- and counter-invader systems. Similarly, we show that the TRADD-N domain defines a key, widespread signaling bridge that links effector deployment to invader-sensing in multicellular bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems. TRADD-N domains are expanded in aggregating marine invertebrates and point to distinctive diversifying immune strategies probably directed both at RNA and retroviruses and cellular pathogens that might infect such communities. These TRADD-N and Death-like domains helped identify several new bacterial and metazoan counter-invader systems featuring underappreciated, common functional principles: the use of intracellular invader-sensing lectin-like (NPCBM and FGS), transcription elongation GreA/B-C, glycosyltransferase-4 family, inactive NTPase (serving as nucleic acid receptors), and invader-sensing GTPase switch domains. Finally, these findings point to the possibility of multicellular bacteria-stem metazoan symbiosis in the emergence of the immune/apoptotic systems of the latter.
Transport of MHD nanofluid in a stratified medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms due to a stretching sheet

In this article, an elaborated evaluation has been presented for the stratified MHD Jeffrey nanofluid flow towards a stretching surface in the presence of gyrotactic micro-organisms. The analysis of the flow by taking into consideration the viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, Joule heating and thermophoresis aspects. The governing nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs), administering the flow, are turned to a group of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via using an appropriate similarity transformation and later solved numerically by implementing the Keller-box approach with the help of algebraic software Matlab. The impacts of a variety of parameters on the fluid motion, heat, mass, density of the motile micro-organisms, skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and local density number of the motile micro-organisms are examined with the aid of graphs as well as tables. The results suggest that the motile micro-organisms density is a decreasing function of the Lewis number, Pecket number and microorganisms concentration difference. The Sherwood number and density rate of motile micro-organisms are bigger in the case of magnetic parameter and Lewis number. It is identified that temperature, density of nanoparticles and motile micro-organisms density stratification parameters lead to decrease the temperature and density of nanoparticles profiles.
Electrical conductivity of porous binary powder mixtures

Abstract Simultaneous data of the quasi-static compaction and electrical conductivity of porous, binary powder mixtures have been collected as a function of bulk density. The powder mixtures consist of a metal conductor, either titanium or iron, an insulator, and pores filled with ambient air. The data show a dependency of the conductivity in terms of relative bulk density and metal volume fraction on conductor type and conductor particle characteristics of size and shape. Finite element models using particle domains generated by discrete element method are used to simulate the bulk conductivity near its threshold while the general effective media equation is used to model the conductivity across the compression regime.
Experimental Behavior of Fatigued Single Stiffener Prseus Specimens

NASA, the Air Force Research Laboratory and The Boeing Company have worked to develop new low-cost, light-weight composite structures for aircraft. A Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS) concept has been developed which offers advantages over traditional metallic structure. In this concept a stitched carbon-epoxy material system has been developed with the potential for reducing the weight and cost of transport aircraft structure by eliminating fasteners, thereby reducing part count and labor. By adding unidirectional carbon rods to the top of stiffeners, the panel becomes more structurally efficient. This combination produces a more damage tolerant design. This document describes the results of experimentation on PRSEUS specimens loaded in unidirectional compression in fatigue and to failure.