cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thrombosis of the splanchnic veins: CT diagnosis

Fourteen patients had mesenteric, portal, or splenic venous thrombosis that was diagnosed primarily by contrast-enhanced CT. The group included five patients with coagulopathy, three with pancreatic carcinoma, two with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, one with pancreatitis, and one with hepatocellular carcinoma. In two patients, no etiology was determined. In all cases, CT easily identified low-density venous thrombosis, which frequently involved more than one vein. In four patients, all three splanchnic veins were involved; five patients had occlusion of two veins. In five patients, only one vein was involved. Additional CT findings included ascites, collateral veins, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. No venous wall enhancement was found. CT also was helpful in defining the cause of thrombosis in six of 14 patients. Mesenteric edema and/or bowel wall thickening was not identified. None of the patients had classic clinical evidence of splanchnic venous occlusion, and none died primarily of that disease. T...
31.1: Invited Paper: The Spatial Standard Observer: A Human Vision Model for Display Inspection

We have developed a simple model of human sensitivity to spatial contrast patterns, called the Spatial Standard Observer. This model can be applied to numerous problems in display inspection and measurement. In this paper I describe two examples: measurement of mura and measurement of motion blur. In each case the Spatial Standard Observer can provide a measure of the artifact in units of just-noticeable differences.
Interaction between heart rate variability and respiration in preterm infants

Several studies have focused attention on cardio-respiratory function as an important indicator of development in infants. In the preterm infant, however, it remains unclear whether respiratory activity already affects heart beat variations at such an early development stage. In this work we investigate the presence of cardio-respiratory coupling in preterm infants by quantifying the interaction between heart rate variability and respiration using multivariate autoregressive analysis. We evaluated the frequency domain indices using standard methods. Results show a significantly higher coupling, as confirmed by surrogate data analysis, in the frequency range associated with regular breathing compared to other ranges. These observations indicate a mild, but present, respiratory sinus arrhythmia in preterm infants.
Tempo and mode of antibat ultrasound production and sonar jamming in the diverse hawkmoth radiation

The bat–moth arms race has existed for over 60 million y, with moths evolving ultrasonically sensitive ears and ultrasound-producing organs to combat bat predation. The evolution of these defenses has never been thoroughly examined because of limitations in simultaneously conducting behavioral and phylogenetic analyses across an entire group. Hawkmoths include >1,500 species worldwide, some of which produce ultrasound using genital stridulatory structures. However, the function and evolution of this behavior remain largely unknown. We built a comprehensive behavioral dataset of hawkmoth hearing and ultrasonic reply to sonar attack using high-throughput field assays. Nearly half of the species tested (57 of 124 species) produced ultrasound to tactile stimulation or playback of bat echolocation attack. To test the function of ultrasound, we pitted big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) against hawkmoths over multiple nights and show that hawkmoths jam bat sonar. Ultrasound production was immediately and consistently effective at thwarting attack and bats regularly performed catching behavior without capturing moths. We also constructed a fossil-calibrated, multigene phylogeny to study the evolutionary history and divergence times of these antibat strategies across the entire family. We show that ultrasound production arose in multiple groups, starting in the late Oligocene (∼26 Ma) after the emergence of insectivorous bats. Sonar jamming and bat-detecting ears arose twice, independently, in the Miocene (18–14 Ma) either from earless hawkmoths that produced ultrasound in response to physical contact only, or from species that did not respond to touch or bat echolocation attack.
Spinal Malignant Schwannoma in a 5-Year-Old Boy: Ultrastructural Evidence of Its Perineurial Origin

A case of a malignant spinal schwannoma in a 5-year-old boy is reported. Electron microscopic findings permitting the classification of the tumor and its possible origin from the nerve sheath (perineurial cell) are discussed.
Basic Facts on Ultrafilters

With this introductory section we begin in earnest our study of ultrafilters. Some basic definitions already mentioned are collected here once more for emphasis. In §2, z-filters on spaces and filters on Boolean algebras were defined and considered; from now on we deal almost exclusively with filters on cardinals.
70% Efficient Relativistic Magnetron With Axial Extraction of Radiation Through a Horn Antenna

At the Nagaoka University of Technology (Japan), Daimon and Jiang used particle-in-cell (PIC) code simulations to demonstrate that the electronic efficiency of the A6 magnetron with axial extraction can be increased from 3% up to 37% applying different diffraction outputs, from tapered cavities in a conical horn antenna to modified expanded ones that improve magnetron matching with the antenna. This paper presents PIC code simulation results for the modified magnetron design using a transparent cathode, in contrast with Daimon and Jiang's simulations that used a solid explosive emission cathode. Furthermore, by further optimizing the magnetron parameters, we demonstrate an efficiency approaching 70% with gigawatt radiation power for an applied voltage of 400 kV. By maintaining a synchronous interaction of electrons with the operating wave, we found that the radiation power increases as the square of the diode voltage up to a diode voltage of 800 kV with short rise time that does not exceed 20 ns. In addition, we show that using a transparent cathode promotes avoiding the regime of hard excitation of magnetrons.
Diurnal Variation of the AMSU-A Brightness Temperatures Over the Amazon Rainforest

Brightness temperatures over the Amazon rainforest are obtained from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Units (AMSU-A and AMSU-B) instruments onboard three NOAA satellites (NOAA-15, -16, and -17, respectively) for the months of July, August, and October, 2002. The three AMSU-A instruments provided six daily measurements, separated by 2.5-5.5 h of the diurnal time intervals, over the Amazon rainforest region, and these measurements offer a unique opportunity for investigation of the diurnal variation of the brightness temperatures over the Amazon rainforests. The angular distributions of brightness temperatures over the Amazon rainforest are very stable and can be simulated with a radiative transfer model, which consists of an atmospheric radiative component and a rainforest-canopy model that treats the rainforest as a uniform layer with an effective canopy temperature. The simulated results agree well with the observations. The diurnal variation of brightness temperatures over the Amazon rainforest is simulated with a Fourier-series model. It shows that a second order of Fourier series can reproduce the observed pattern of diurnal variation of the brightness temperatures at zenith angles of 0deg, 28.7deg, and 58.1deg, respectively. In a practical application, the coefficients of Fourier-series expansion can be used to generate the brightness temperatures as a function of diurnal hours. These results can be applied to postlaunch calibration of satellite-borne microwave radiometer with different equator crossing time. In addition, the results presented in this paper indicate that the Amazon rainforest can be used as a hot calibration reference target. The availability of a land calibration target is important for calibration and validation of spaceborne microwave radiometers
Supplying Local Microphysics Parameterizations with Information about Subgrid Variability: Latin Hypercube Sampling

One problem in computing cloud microphysical processes in coarse-resolution numerical models is that many microphysical processes are nonlinear and small in scale. Consequently, there are inaccuracies if microphysics parameterizations are forced with grid box averages of model fields, such as liquid water content. Rather, the model needs to determine information about subgrid variability and input it into the microphysics parameterization. One possible solution is to assume the shape of the family of probability density functions (PDFs) associated with a grid box and sample it using the Monte Carlo method. In this method, the microphysics subroutine is called repeatedly, once with each sample point. In this way, the Monte Carlo method acts as an interface between the host model’s dynamics and the microphysical parameterization. This avoids the need to rewrite the microphysics subroutines. A difficulty with the Monte Carlo method is that it introduces into the simulation statistical noise or variance, associated with the finite sample size. If the family of PDFs is tractable, one can sample solely from cloud, thereby improving estimates of in-cloud processes. If one wishes to mitigate the noise further, one needs a method for reduction of variance. One such method is Latin hypercube sampling, which reduces noise by spreading out the sample points in a quasi-random fashion. This paper formulates a sampling interface based on the Latin hypercube method. The associated family of PDFs is assumed to be a joint normal/lognormal (i.e., Gaussian/lognormal) mixture. This method of variance reduction has a couple of advantages. First, the method is general: the same interface can be used with a wide variety of microphysical parameterizations for various processes. Second, the method is flexible: one can arbitrarily specify the number of hydrometeor categories and the number of calls to the microphysics parameterization per grid box per time step. This paper performs a preliminary test of Latin hypercube sampling. As a prototypical microphysical formula, this paper uses the Kessler autoconversion formula. The PDFs that are sampled are extracted diagnostically from large-eddy simulations (LES). Both stratocumulus and cumulus boundary layer cases are tested. In this diagnostic test, the Latin hypercube can produce somewhat less noisy time-averaged estimates of Kessler autoconversion than a traditional Monte Carlo estimate, with no additional calls to the microphysics parameterization. However, the instantaneous estimates are no less noisy. This paper leaves unanswered the question of whether the Latin hypercube method will work well in a prognostic, interactive cloud model, but this question will be addressed in a future manuscript.
The Warp machine on Navlab

The authors review the history of the Carnegie-Mellon Warp machine on Navlab, an autonomous land vehicle, and describe three Navlab vision systems implemented on the Warp machine. They then critically evaluate components of Warp in light of this experience. The Warp machine was used to implement stereo vision for obstacle avoidance and color-based road-following systems. The stereo-vision system was FIDO, which is derived from some of the earliest work in vision-guided robot vehicle navigation. Two color-based road following systems were implemented; one adapted conventional vision techniques to the problem of road recognition and the other used a neural network-based technique to learn road following online. Finally, the authors discuss the value of applications integration with machine development, discuss the limitations of the attached processor model, and give recommendations for future systems. >
Neutronics activities for next generation devices

Neutronics activities for the next generation devices are the subject of this paper. The main activities include TFCX and FPD blanket/shield studies, neutronics aspects of ETR/INTOR critical issues, and neutronics computational modules for the tokamak system code and tandem mirror reactor system code. Trade-off analyses, optimization studies, design problem investigations and computational models development for reactor parametric studies carried out for these activities are summarized.
A search for the oceanic Lg phase

Summary. The Lg phase has been shown previously to be a collection of higher-mode surface waves guided by the continental crust (Knopoff, Schwab & Kausel). A simple scaling between continental and oceanic crustal thicknesses suggests that a search for an oceanic Lg phase should be made in the period range from 1 to 2s. In a search for SH polarized Lg arrivals over oceanic paths, we found that in addition to the fundamental mode, seismo-grams at relatively short ranges in the Pacific showed the presence of only the first higher mode with group velocities on the steep portion of the dispersion curve rather than at the group velocity minimum as expected. Numerical model analysis indicates that, contrary to the continental case, there is no strong confluence of stationary phases of higher-mode crustal waves in the appropriate period range to produce Lg wave packets; this is due to small but significant differences in scaled crustal structures. Further, lateral variations in the thickness of oceanic sediments are sufficient to scatter most of the crustal surface-wave energy within a relatively short distance. Even were this thickness uniform, attenuation in the sediments would be strong enough to absorb the Lg stationary phases in a short distance.
The Idea of a Life Plan

When philosophers undertake to say what it is that makes life worth living, they generally display a procrustean habit of thought which the practice of philosophy itself does much to encourage. As a result, they arrive at an image of the human good that is far more controversial than they suspect. The canonical view among philosophers ancient and modern has been, in essence, that the life lived well is the life lived in accord with a rational plan. To me this conception of the human good seems manifestly wrong. The idea that life should be the object of a plan is false to the human condition. It misses the important truth which Proust, by contrast, discerned and made into one of the organizing themes of his great meditation on disappointment and revelation, A la recherche du temps perdu: The happiness that life affords is less often the good we have reason to pursue than the good that befalls us unexpectedly.
Authentic performances or performances of authenticity? Original practices and the repertory schedule

This article describes the “original-practices” movement in Shakespearean performance as contributing significantly to phenomenological understandings of present-day theatrical practice, as another in a long line of “experimental” theatrical movements since the latter nineteenth century. However, it questions whether the movement has the potential for, or is in practice undertaking attempts at, understanding more fully the practices of Shakespeare's theatre, in that the movement has all but ignored the basic structural constraints imposed by the early modern repertory schedule, and its influence upon the nature of the resultant theatrical event. It advocates adoption of the term “historically informed performance” as an alternative to “original practices”.
Generalized PolyCube Trivariate Splines

This paper develops a new trivariate hierarchical spline scheme for volumetric data representation. Unlike conventional spline formulations and techniques, our new framework is built upon a novel parametric domain called Generalized PolyCube (GPC), comprising a set of regular cubes being glued together. Compared with the conventional PolyCube (PC) that could serve as a ``one-piece'' $3$-manifold domain, GPC has more powerful and flexible representation ability. We develop an effective framework that parameterizes a solid model onto a topologically equivalent GPC domain, and design a hierarchical fitting scheme based on trivariate T-splines. The entire data-spline-conversion modeling framework provides high-accuracy data fitting and greatly reduce the number of superfluous control points. It is a powerful toolkit with broader application appeal in shape modeling, engineering analysis, and reverse engineering.
Effect of stand densities on stand dynamics in white fir ( Abies concolor ) forests in northeast California, USA

Six white fir trials were established during the last half-century to develop guidelines for managing the existing natural stands across northeastern California. We analyzed data collected from these trials at about 5-year intervals since their installation. Because these trials were independent of each other, the design and treatments varied among the sites. Targeted density treatments were selected based on 40, 55, and 70% of normal basal area from early yield tables at three of the sites. More density treatments were included at the remaining three sites. We found a significant response in growth to different stand densities regardless of site qualities, ages, and stand histories. Periodic annual increment for basal area and volume varied significantly by periods for all sites except the basal area at one site. Regardless of site quality, thinning from below leaving about 64% of the original measure of basal area did not significantly reduce productivity. If performed early in the life of the stand, such a thinning will reduce the accumulation of flammable materials due to natural self-thinning. A logistic function of periodic annual increment for basal area to relative stand density fits the data well and can be a useful tool for forest manager.
Dietary Peptides Improve Wound Healing Following Surgery

Abstract To determine if peptide-based enteral diets improve wound healing when compared to amino acid-based diets, a prospective randomized study was conducted using 38 male Sprague–Dawley rats. Following placement of a standardized abdominal wound, 20 animals were randomized to an isonitrogenous peptide-based (PEP) versus amino acid-based diet (AA) for 10 d. In addition, 18 animals were randomized to an amino acid-based diet supplemented with the peptide carnosine (CARN) or its constituent amino acids (Control). Diets were administered through small bowel feeding tubes. Wound bursting pressure was significantly higher in the PEP animals compared to the AA animals (179 ± 9 versus 138 ± 12 mmHg; P = 0.02). In addition, wound bursting pressure was significantly greater in the CARN animals compared to the Control animals (143 ± 10 versus 116 ± 8 mmHg; P = 0.005). Peptide-based enteral diets improve wound healing when compared to nonpeptide generating amino acid-based diets. We also conclude that the dietary peptide carnosine represents a dietary peptide that improves wound healing when administered as part of a complete enteral formula. This effect on wound healing may be clinically relevant because carnosine is not found in most enteral formulas.
Why was there no religious war in premodern East Asia

In premodern East Asia, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and China rarely experienced anything like the type of religious violence that existed for centuries in historical Europe, despite having vibrant religious traditions such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and numerous folk religions. How do we explain a region in which religion was generally not a part of the explanation for war and rebellion? A unique data set of over 950 entries of Chinese and Korean violence over a 473-year span allows granular measurement of religious violence. I argue that the inclusivist religions of historical East Asia did not easily lend themselves to appropriation by political leaders as a means of differentiating groups or justifying violence. Addressing the paucity of religious war in historical East Asia is theoretically important because it challenges a large body of scholarly literature that finds a universal causal relationship between religion and war that is empirically derived mainly from the experience of only Christianity and Islam. In contrast, it may be that certain types of religious traditions are less amenable to mass mobilization for violence. Moving beyond Christianity and Islam to include East Asian religious traditions promises both to address a potentially serious issue of selection bias and also to be a rich field for theorizing about the relationship between religion and war.
Imaging by the Veselago lens based upon a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a triangular lattice

The construction of the multifocal Veselago lens predicted earlier [Appl. Opt. 42, 5701 (2003)] is proposed on the basis of a uniaxial photonic crystal consisting of cylindrical air holes in silicon that make a triangular lattice in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the crystal. The object and images are in air. The period of the crystal should be 0.44 μm to work at the wavelength 1.5 μm. The lens does not provide superlensing, but the halfwidth of the image is 0.5 λ. The lens is shown to have wave-guiding properties, depending on the substrate material.
Empowerment and Education: Civil Rights, Expert-Advocates, and Parent Politics in Head Start 1964-1980

Much has been written about Head Start in the form of evaluations of the program's effectiveness, but little unbiased work about the program's politics has emerged. This essay asks how Head Start has survived and even thrived over thirty-five years when other Great Society programs have died. To answer this question, it explores the coalition that emerged between civil rights activists, intellectuals studying child development and social programs for children, and community action embodied in Great Society legislation. The essay traces the development of Head Start out of the emerging academic interest in "compensatory education for cultural depravation" and the New Left's desire to build a movement focused on civil rights and community action. These two groups, united in their support for Head Start and for broader reform of public education, fought over its treatment of parents of children enrolled in the program. However, neither side could correctly predict how parents actually experienced Head Start or how parents helped to ensure Head Start's political survival.
Zero-Knowledge Authenticated Order Queries and Order Statistics on a List

An order query takes as input a set of elements from a list (ordered sequence) \(\mathcal {L}\), and asks for this set to be ordered using the total order induced by \(\mathcal {L}\). We introduce two formal models for answering order queries on a list in a verifiable and private manner. Our first model, called zero-knowledge list (ZKL), generalizes the standard two-party model of membership queries on a set to order queries on a list in zero-knowledge. We present a construction of ZKL based on zero-knowledge sets and a homomorphic integer commitment. Our second model, privacy-preserving authenticated list (PPAL), extends authenticated data structures by adding a zero-knowledge privacy requirement. This is a three-party model, where a list is outsourced by a trusted owner to an untrusted cloud server, which answers order queries issued by clients and returns proofs of the answers. PPAL supports data integrity against a malicious server and privacy protection against a malicious client. Though PPAL can be implemented using our ZKL construction, this construction is not as efficient as desired in cloud applications. We present an efficient PPAL construction based on our novel technique of blinded bilinear accumulators and bilinear maps. Both our models are provably secure in the Random Oracle model and are zero-knowledge (e.g., hiding even the size of the list). We also show that the ZKL and PPAL frameworks can be extended to support fundamental statistical queries efficiently and in zero-knowledge.
Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Yield and Root Traits of Super Early Rice

The effects of seven cultivation methods(transplanting seedlings raised in wet-land,transplanting seedlings raised in dry-land,transplanting seedlings raised in dry soft-basin,throwing seedlings raised in dry-land,throwing seedlings raised in soft-basin,spot seeding and broadcast sowing) on yield of super early rice were compared with each other.The results showed that the difference of root traits among each cultivation method was obvious,in which the methods of transplanting seedlings raised in dry-land and spot seeding had significant advantage;the difference of yield among each cultivation method was obvious,which showed a tendency of transplanting seedling throwing and spot seedingbroadcast sowing;the differences of setting percentage and 1000-grain weight among each cultivation method were small,and the difference of yield mainly caused by differences of effective panicles and grains per panicle.
A new method for testing relative permeability of ultra-low permeability reservoirs

Taking the ultra-low permeability cores of Huabei Oilfield as an example,a new method for testing relative permeability was established on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and physical simulation of low-permeability reservoir.The analyses on the relationship between T2 geometric mean value and displacement efficiency show that the new method for testing the relative permeability of the ultra-low permeability reservoir has more accurate results in tests of irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation.The permeability has the poor correlation with T2 geometric mean value,imbibition efficiency,expulsion efficiency and total oil displacement efficiency.The T2 geometric mean value has the excellent relationships with the movable fluid percentage,imbibition efficiency,expulsion efficiency and total oil displacement efficiency.
Kay’s Voice: Never in My Wildest Dreams

This chapter describes the professional journey of Dr. Kay Persichitte: from high school math teacher to higher education faculty member to President of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Kay shares specific examples of the women (and men) who have strongly influenced her journey.
Intraoperative Parathyroid Ultrasound

Localization studies have an important role in the assessment of patients with hyperparathyroidism. After a biochemical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is made, the utilization of real-time ultrasonography for precision treatment planning has become increasingly common amongst parathyroid surgeons. Characterization of pathologic parathyroid glands within the context of the surrounding anatomy is essential to plan a surgical approach, and to counsel the patient on treatment options. Preoperative ultrasound may direct the clinician towards or away from immediate surgical intervention. For example, in early or asymptomatic cases of hyperparathyroidism, a non-localizing sestamibi scan may be followed by ultrasound that does not reveal parathyroid pathology. The clinician may recommend additional localization and diagnostic studies, and postpone surgery. In another scenario, concomitant thyroid pathology may be identified on preoperative ultrasound and receive the appropriate evaluation before surgery is planned. The principles of ultrasound apply to the intraoperative setting as well—ultrasound immediately prior to skin incision can enhance surgical strategy. In this chapter we discuss the application of ultrasound technology in the preoperative and intraoperative management of parathyroid disease.
Gestational Diabetes in 2015

Gestational diabetes prevalence has increased over the last 10 years due to differences in diagnostic criteria, epidemics in obesity, and increasing awareness of impaired glucose tolerance. The definition of gestational diabetes (GDM) is the onset of glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. Early onset of diabetes (less than 20 weeks) is suspicious of preexisting diabetes as well as milder degrees of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Risk factors for GDM are increasing body mass index (BMI), older maternal age, multiple gestations, previous pregnancies with GDM, and ethnic background of Asian, Hispanic, or African-American cultures. Controversy exists over the benefit of diagnosis and treatment for the mother and the fetus. GDM increases the risk of hypertensive disorders, macrosomia, operative delivery, maternal injury from delivery, neonatal injury from shoulder dystocia, and hypoxemia and neonatal hypoglycemia. Treatment consists of dietary changes, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin. These cases will demonstrate management options and review risks and benefits of oral hypoglycemics as well.
Abstract TP430: Plasma Proteomic Changes Persist in Long Term Follow-up of Patent Foramen Ovale Related Stroke Patients after PFO Closure

Introduction: Paradoxical embolism from patent foramen ovale (PFO), a heterogeneous multi-organ condition involving brain, lung, heart and blood, lacks consensus for treatment options due to variability among individual patients. Clinical proteomic approaches may be promising for such complex diseases, where the disease process can be monitored in clinically accessible fluid such as blood. Here, we apply a pharmaco-proteomic approach to study PFO endovascular closure, an intervention that requires better risk stratification and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy to individualize treatment. Previously, we found that plasma small molecule signals such as serotonin, TSP-1 and microparticles -- which may avoid pulmonary filtration via PFO -- decrease immediately in the systemic circulation after effective PFO closure. Now we study the long-term effect of PFO endovascular closure. Methods/Results: To reduce confounders in an inherently complex system, the most robust clinical proteomic comparisons are those of profiles taken over time from the same individual. Accordingly, in consecutively recruited patients who underwent PFO closure (n=37), we analyze venous blood obtained prior to closure and in long-term followup (1-3 yrs) post closure. None of the subjects experienced recurrent TIA or strokes. More than 1 year post closure, plasma protein profiles -- in addition to the persistent decrease in small molecules such as serotonin -- continue to show a statistically significant (p Conclusion: A pharmaco-proteomic approach is clinically feasible and may help to monitor therapeutic efficacy, improve patient selection, and ensure more precise clinical phenotyping for clinical trials in PFO-related stroke. More than 1 year post PFO closure, relevant inflammatory and coagulation factors remain lowered after adjusting for other confounders such as medication changes. Further studies are needed to explore the utility of proteomic profiling to help individualize treatment in PFO-related strokes.
Starstruck: An Examination of Signals that Contribute to Star Employee Compensation Premiums

For some industries, the greatest competition among rivals is not for market share, but rather for human capital (Terdiman, 2014). Sometimes referred to as a talent war, organizations beg, borrow, ...
SpArcFiRe: morphological selection effects due to reduced visibility of tightly winding arms in distant spiral galaxies

The Galaxy Zoo has provided morphological data on many galaxies. Several biases have been identified in the Galaxy Zoo data. Here we report on a newly discovered selection effect: astronomers interested in studying spiral galaxies may select a set of spiral galaxies based upon a threshold in spirality (the fraction of Galaxy Zoo humans who report seeing spiral structure). SpArcFiRe is an automated tool that decomposes a spiral galaxy into its constituent spiral arms, providing objective, quantitative data on their structure. SpArcFiRe measures the pitch angle of spiral arms. We have observed that when selecting a set of spiral galaxies based on a threshold on spirality, the pitch angle of spiral arms appear increase with redshift. We hypothesize that this is a selection effect: tightly-wound spiral arms become less visible as images degrade with increasing redshift, leading to fewer such galaxies being included in the sample at higher redshifts. We corroborate this hypothesis by artificially degrading images of nearby galaxies, then using a machine learning algorithm trained on Galaxy Zoo data to provide a spirality for each artificially degraded image. It correctly predicts that spirality decreases as image quality degrades. Thus, the mean pitch angle of those galaxies remaining above the spirality threshold is higher than those eliminated by the selection effect. This demonstrates that users who select samples of galaxies using a threshold of Galaxy Zoo votes must carefully consider the possibility of selection effects on morphological measures, even if the measure itself is believed to be objective and unbiased. Finally, we also perform an empirical sensitivity analysis to demonstrate that SpArcFiRe's output changes in a smooth and predictable fashion to changes in its internal algorithmic parameters.
INFLUENCE OF ENDOGENOUS PLASMIDS ON PHENOTYPES OF PANTOEA VAGANS STRAIN C9-1 ASSOCIATED WITH EPIPHYTIC FITNESS

Pantoea vagans strain C9-1 is an effective biological control agent for fire blight of pear and apple. C9-1 carries three circular plasmids: pPag1 (168 kb), pPag2 (166 kb), and pPag3 (530 kb). Of these, pPag3, a member of the large Pantoea plasmid family, was proposed to contribute to epiphytic fitness. We cured C9-1 of pPag2 and pPag3, individually and together, and compared phenotypes of the plasmid-cured derivatives to the wild-type C9-1 in laboratory assays. pPag3 carries genes for a yellow zeaxanthin pigment, and pigmentation is a known mechanism of UV protection in some bacteria. We found that UV-C tolerance did not differ between yellow-pigmented C9-1 and white derivatives lacking pPag3. Swarming motility, but not swimming, was influenced by both pPag2 and pPag3. C9-1 exhibited wide dendritic swarms that coalesced, whereas C9-1 lacking pPag3 formed thin dendritic swarms. Swarms of C9-1 lacking pPag2 exhibited less radial extension. In MBMA medium containing glucose, exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation was greater by C9-1 lacking both pPag2 and pPag3 compared to the wild-type and C9-1 derivatives lacking only one plasmid. pPag2 and pPag3, both individually and together, influenced expression of phenotypes of C9-1 associated with epiphytic fitness and survival on plant surfaces.
Ford, Frank R

American neurologist Frank Rodolph Ford (1892–1970) wrote a classic pediatric neurology test that remained in press for four decades, and he was also the first to describe bilateral vestibular hypofunction with his longtime friend and colleague, neuroophthalmologist Frank B. Walsh (1895–1978).
The Academy of Management Annals: Looking Back, Looking Forward

In 2007, the first issue of the Academy of Management Annals ( AMA ) was published. As we write this “From the Editors,” AMA has published its 10th volume and based on its 2015 Impact Factor capturing citations of AMA papers, AMA is ranked number one in management. How did this happen and where
Using relationship management to legitimate the monarchy: An analysis of the reign of King Juan Carlos I of Spain

Abstract This article explores the management of relationships by King Juan Carlos I of Spain to legitimate the monarchy as an institution and build a new democracy after Franco’s death in 1975. The high level of public support during most of his reign shows there is a correlation between good relationship management and the loyalty of the subjects. Only when some basic relationship management principles of mutual benefit, such as trust and openness with his subjects, were violated the level of support of Juan Carlos I, and the monarchy as an institution started to decline. Nonetheless, the value of relationship management has proved durable since the new monarch, Felipe VI, was able to recover in a relatively short period of time the public support that Juan Carlos I enjoyed in the past. This fact indicates that even in the case of disruptive monarchies, such as Spain, the power of relationship management has shown effectiveness to legitimate the institution. However, at the same time it also points out that in a public opinion regime monarchies have to show exemplarity and that involves not only to create mutual benefit for the citizenship through good deeds, since Juan Carlos I always behaved professionally as a business and diplomatic representative, but that there is feeling of trust between the monarch and the subjects.
Patch Testing to Propylene Glycol: The Mayo Clinic Experience.

BACKGROUND Propylene glycol (PG) is a solvent, vehicle, and humectant being used increasingly in a wide array of personal care products, cosmetics, and topical medicaments. Propylene glycol is a recognized source of both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to report incidence of positive patch tests to PG at Mayo Clinic. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients patch tested to PG from January 1997 to December 2016. RESULTS A total of 11,738 patients underwent patch testing to 5%, 10%, or 20% PG. Of these, 100 (0.85%) tested positive and 41 (0.35%) had irritant reactions. Patients also tested to a mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% PG, respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% PG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Propylene glycol is common in skin care products and is associated with both allergic and irritant patch test reactions. Increased concentrations were associated with increased reactions.
From Agouti to Pomc--100 years of fat blonde mice.

Studies of mice deficient for proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) yield surprising results, and finally take us beyond the Ay model of melanocortin deficiency ( pages 1066–1070 ).
Local Theorems for Additive Functions

In this chapter we return to consider how often an additive function may assume a given value, as is fitting, the problem being already considered by Hardy and Ramanujan. Until further notice f(n) will denote a real-valued additive arithmetic function.
The impact of body weight status on health care utilization and costs among long-term cancer survivors.

6612Background: Obesity is associated with substantial health and economic burden in the general population. Little is known about the impact of body weight status on health care utilization and re...
Revisiting traumatic injury risk and agricultural intensification: Postcranial fracture frequency at Cerro Oreja in the Moche Valley of north coastal Peru.

OBJECTIVES In Lambert and Welker (2017) we explored the association between subsistence economy and postcranial fracture prevalence, finding that low-intensity agriculturalists exhibited significantly lower fracture rates than foragers or high-intensity agriculturalists. Here, we explore the impacts of sampling strategy on fracture rates in a sample of high-intensity agriculturalists from the Moche Valley, Peru, and further test the hypothesis that postcranial fracture risks are higher for intensive agriculture. MATERIALS AND METHODS The long bones and clavicles of 102 individuals from an Early Intermediate Period cemetery (400 B.C.-A.D. 200) at Cerro Oreja were examined for healed fractures. Sample composition was manipulated in six ways to investigate the effects of age and element completeness on estimates of fracture prevalence. Fracture rates at Cerro Oreja were then compared to those for other high-intensity agriculturalists. RESULTS Both skeletal element completeness and age composition were found to influence fracture rate estimates, reflecting the greater likelihood of identifying healed fractures on better-preserved bones and the accrual of injuries with age. The fracture rate of 3.4% at Cerro Oreja was the median value among seven high-intensity agriculturalist samples. The fracture distribution at Cerro Oreja was most similar to that observed at Kulubnarti, Sudan (Kilgore et al., 1997). DISCUSSION Skeletal element completeness and age composition can impact fracture rates estimated for skeletal samples and should be considered when conducting comparative analyses. All rates calculated for Cerro Oreja are within the range of those obtained for other high-intensity agriculturalists and support previous findings that traumatic injury risk is higher for high-intensity agriculturalists. Similarities between Cerro Oreja and Kulubnarti suggest that rugged terrain may exacerbate fracture risk for agriculturalists, illustrating the costs of intensive agriculture in suboptimal environments.
Quantifying the Mediating Effects of Ozone in the Relation between Heat Waves and Years of Life Lost

Some studies have proposed that the role of ozone in studies of temperature and mortality is a causal intermediate that is affected by temperature and that can also affect mortality. However, no st...
Trends in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Patients with Prostate Cancer

Purpose:We explored the prevalence and trends of self-reported complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with prostate cancer using CaPSURE™ (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urolog...
The weakest link

What happens if the 'weak link' between two superconductors in a Josephson junction is a carbon nanotube, with a limited number of states available for electron transport? A supercurrent flows, but in a unique fashion.
Construction of pediatric emergency medical staff training system

The education and training of professionals in this field are important for the further development of emergency medicine.The training system of pediatric emergency physicians and nurses in the United States and other developed countries were briefly introduced, the main problems of training system in China were analyzed, and effective proposal for the improvement of emergency medicine training system was also put forward. Key words: Pediatric emergency department; Training system; Problem; Proposal
Prior Pelvic Osteotomy Affects the Outcome of Subsequent Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Although pelvic osteotomy (PO) is an important surgical procedure that can alleviate symptoms and potentially slow progression of osteoarthritis in patients with development dysplasia of the hip, some patients eventually require conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to determine the outcome of conversion THA in patients with prior PO. Methods Forty nine patients with a history of prior PO who underwent conversion THA at a single institution were matched at a 1:3 ratio based on the date of surgery, age, gender, and body mass index with 147 developmental dysplasia of the hip patients who underwent primary THA without prior PO. A retrospective chart review was performed to compare outcomes at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Results Patients with prior PO required more supplemental screw fixation for the acetabular component (59.2% vs 38.1%, P = .016), more autologous bone grafting (24.5% vs 11.6%, P = .048), had a longer mean operative time (106.0 vs 79.8 minutes, P Conclusion THA after prior PO is technically demanding, leading to longer operative times, greater blood loss, and variation in implant placement. Although functional outcomes are similar, THA after a prior PO is more likely to require reoperation.
Who gets to be born? The anticipatory governance of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis technology in the United Kingdom from 1978–2001

This paper focuses on explicating and understanding important State and societally-wide capacities of the nation-state to govern emerging technologies. It examines the governance around pre-implant...
Community-Focused Language Documentation in Support of Language Education and Revitalization for St. Lawrence Island Yupik

St. Lawrence Island Yupik, an endangered language of the Bering Strait region spoken by fewer than one thousand people in western Alaska and far eastern Russia, is currently in a state of generational transition. We survey the existing body of Yupik literature and pedagogical resources developed during the twentieth century, examine the context and use of Yupik in the current educational setting, and describe current challenges for teaching the language in the schools. We then outline our integrated approach to language documentation currently being applied to Yupik, and address how existing resources can be integrated into research and development processes in a way that both supports research efforts and results in tangible modern educational tools for the Yupik community on St. Lawrence Island, and eventually in Russia. This approach is intentionally designed to closely integrate research processes from language documentation and computational linguistics such that the results of each research endeavour positively support the other, and such that both disciplines concretely support community-based efforts to revitalize and teach the language.
Predicting Glaucoma Development With Longitudinal Deep Learning Predictions From Fundus Photographs.

Purpose To assess whether longitudinal changes in a deep learning algorithm's predictions of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness based on fundus photographs can predict future development of glaucomatous visual field defects. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods This study included 1,072 eyes of 827 glaucoma-suspect patients with an average follow-up of 5.9 ± 3.8 years. All eyes had normal standard automated perimetry (SAP) at baseline. Additional SAP and fundus photographs were acquired throughout follow-up. Conversion to glaucoma was defined as repeatable glaucomatous defects on SAP. An OCT-trained deep learning algorithm (machine to machine, M2M) was used to predict RNFL thicknesses from fundus photographs. Joint longitudinal survival models were used to assess whether baseline and longitudinal change in M2M's RNFL thickness estimates could predict development of visual field defects. Results A total of 196 eyes (18%) converted to glaucoma during follow-up. The mean rate of change in M2M's predicted RNFL thickness was -1.02 μm/y for converters and -0.67 μm/y for non-converters (P Conclusion Longitudinal changes in a deep learning algorithm's predictions of RNFL thickness measurements based on fundus photographs can be used to predict risk of glaucoma conversion in eyes suspected of having the disease.
Geometry of unconditionally efficient portfolios formed with conditioning information: the efficient semicircle

A surprising ‘Efficient Semicircle’ emerges in risk-return space, restricting all conditional portfolios to this unusual non-hyperbolic frontier
What We Remember: The construction of memory in military discourse

This interdisciplinary monograph explores the discursive manifestations of the conflict over how to remember and interpret the actions of the military during the last dictatorship in Uruguay (1973-1985). Through the exploration of the discursive ways in which this powerful group represents past events and participants, we can trace the ideological struggle over how to reconstruct a traumatic past. By looking at memory as a social and discursive practice, the analysis identifies particular semiotic practices and linguistic patterns deployed in the construction of memory. The discursive description of what is remembered, how it is remembered, and who remembers serves to explain how the institution’s construction of the past is transformed and maintained to respond to outside criticism and create an institutional identity as a lawful state apparatus. This book should interest discourse analysts, historians, sociologists and researchers in the field of transitional justice.