cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial-dependent vasodilation is preserved in non-insulin-dependent Zucker fatty diabetic rats

Alterations in the structural properties of the microvasculature and in vasodilation mediated by endothelial- and, to some extent, nonendothelial-dependent mechanisms occurs in insulin-dependent diabetic humans and animals. Less severe problems of this type appear to occur during non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in humans, but data based on animal models of NIDDM are not available. The endothelial- and nonendothelial-mediated dilation of intestinal arterioles was studied in insulin-resistant male Zucker fatty diabetic (DB) rats and their lean normal male littermates (LM) at ages 22-25 and 35-40 wk. DB become hyperglycemic (450-550 mg/100 ml) at age 9-10 wk. Microiontophoretic release of acetylcholine, ADP, and nitroprusside onto arterioles caused equivalent dilation in LM and DB for both large and intermediate diameter arterioles. Administration of streptozotocin (STZ) to DB at age 18-19 wk lowered their insulin concentration approximately 25% but did not significantly effect the resting plasma glucose concentration. However, endothelial-dependent vasodilation was attenuated by 70-80% within 8-10 wk. The overall results indicate that prolonged hyperglycemia in insulin-resistant but hyperinsulinemic rats does not impair the endothelial- and nonendothelial-dependent dilation of the intestinal microvasculature. However, compromising beta-cell function with STZ, as indicated by lowering the insulin concentration by one-fourth, substantially compromises endothelial-dependent dilation similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetic rats and humans.
Epilogue: How Science’s Ideologues Fail Evolution or: Richard Dawkins and the Madman

I leave my description of evolution and culture by considering the limits of science education policy, and then consider some of the shrill discourses coloring evolution/Creationism disagreement. Both are important to this work, but one step outside the immediate purview of the main project. As we step out of the local and contextual frame of Mason-Dixon, I will now situate these students, teachers, faculty, and community members’ relationships toward evolution within more general national and international discussions.
Illustrated Theatre Production Guide

Illustrated Theatre Production Guide delivers a step-by-step approach to the most prevalent and established theatreproduction practices, focusing on essential issues related to the construction of wooden, fabric, plastic, and metal scenery used on the stage. A must-have resource for both the community theatre worker who must be a jack of all trades and the student who needs to learn the fundamentals on his or her own, it covers the necessities in great detail, without bogging you down. Offering techniques and best-practice methods from an experienced industry expert, it will allow you to create a foundation on which to build a successful and resourceful career behind the scenes in theatre production. This third edition has been completely restructured to more effectively lead you through the basics of stagecraft. Through detailed lessons and hundreds of drawings, author John Holloway offers you solutions to the problems that you’ll face every day in a production, from rigging to knot tying. New to this edition are guides to jobs in theatre, construction documentation, and video projection methods, with expanded information on Thrust Theatres, lighting, audio and video practices. This book is suitable for Stagecraft courses in university Theatre programs, as well as for professional theatre technicians.
What Is the True Capacity of Visual Cognition

How much can we perceive and remember at a time? Results from various paradigms traditionally show that observers are aware of surprisingly little of the world around them. However, a recent study by Wu and Wolfe (Curr. Biol. 2018;28:3430–3434) uses a novel technique to reveal that observers have more knowledge of the visual world than previously believed.
Adverse Effects of Image Tiling on Convolutional Neural Networks.

Convolutional neural network models perform state of the art accuracy on image classification, localization, and segmentation tasks. A fully convolutional topology, such as U-Net, may be trained on images of one size and perform inference on images of another size. This feature allows researchers to work with images too large to fit into memory by simply dividing the image into small tiles, making predictions on these tiles, and stitching these tiles back together as the prediction of the whole image.
Using Nazarov Electrocyclization of Stage Chemoselective [1,2]-Migrations: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentenones.

The title process is based on a stereospecific Cu(II)-mediated Nazarov cyclization/Wagner—Meerwein rearrangement.
Management and Release of Patients Administered with Radioactivity

This chapter addresses the issues of releasing the patients after administration of radiopharmaceuticals. The limits of exposure and activity at which the patient can be released after administration of both sealed and unsealed sources of radioactivity are discussed. When to give instructions to the patients for isolated living to prevent exposure to family members and the public is provided. Recommendations for cessation of breast-feeding after administration of radiopharmaceuticals to breast-feeding mothers are elucidated.
Statistics and Probability in Military Decision-Making

In a 2010 statement, General McCaffrey stated that the casualties in Afghanistan would double in the next year and the United States should expect up to 500 casualties a month (Coughlan 2018). Figure 2.1 displays the Afghanistan data up until that time. Was their basis for his claim? Later, we will analyze this data and either support or refute his claim.
Optimizing n -type doping of ZnGeN 2 and ZnSiN 2

In order for the wide-band-gap Zn-IV-nitrides to find applications in power electronics or optoelectronics, controlled $n$-type doping is required. We systematically explore group-V and group-VI dopants that can act as donors in ${\mathrm{ZnGeN}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{ZnSiN}}_{2}$. We address compensation by native acceptors as well as self-compensation by formation of $DX$ centers. For ${\mathrm{ZnGeN}}_{2}$, we find that ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{N}}$, ${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathrm{N}}$, ${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$, and ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$ act as shallow donors. ${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{Ge}}$ has the lowest formation energy and can be used to reach carrier concentrations up to $n=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. ${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{Si}}$ acts as a shallow donor in ${\mathrm{ZnSiN}}_{2}$; however, because of strong compensation from native acceptors, we find that ${\mathrm{ZnSiN}}_{2}$ cannot be doped $n$ type.
Grade is a Dominant Risk Factor for Metastasis in Patients with Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Small (< 2 cm) and diminutive (< 1 cm) rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) are often described as indolent lesions. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine the incidence of metastasis and the risk factors for its occurrence. Cases of RNET between 2010 and 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The rate of metastasis was determined, and outcomes were stratified by tumor size and grade. Uni- and multivariable predictors of metastasis were identified, and a classification and regression tree analysis was used to stratify the risk for distant metastasis. The study identified 98 patients with RNET. The median follow-up period was 28 months. Of the 98 patients, 79 had primary tumors smaller than 1 cm, 8 had tumors 1 to 2 cm in size, and 11 had tumors 2 cm in size or larger. In terms of grade, 86 patients had grade 1 (G1) tumors, 8 patients had grade 2 (G2) tumors, and 4 patients had grade 3 (G3) tumors. Twelve patients developed metastatic disease. Both size and grade were associated with distant metastasis in the uni- and multivariable analyses, but when stratified by grade, size was predictive of metastasis only for G1 tumors (p < 0.001). Among the 12 patients with metastatic disease, 3 (25%) had diminutive primary tumors, and 9 (75%) had primary tumors 2 cm in size or larger. Diminutive tumors that metastasized were all G2. Patients with diminutive and small RNETs are at risk for metastatic disease. Tumor grade is a dominant predictor of dissemination. More rigorous staging, closer surveillance, or more aggressive initial management may be warranted for patients with G2 tumors, irrespective of size.
Presentation Slides for American Finance Association 2020 Presidential Address: Social Transmission Bias in Economics and Finance

This document contains presentation slides for the American Finance Association's Presidential Address of January 4, 2020. The address is based on the paper "Social Transmission Bias in Economics and Finance." The paper: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3550880 Transcript of the talk with integrated slides: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3513201
Spectrally dependent roll-off in visible-light optical coherence tomography

Recent development of visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) has introduced new applications for noninvasive spectroscopic imaging. However, the measured spectra may be altered by spectrally dependent roll-off (SDR). We formulated a mathematical model for SDR that accounted for nonuniform wavenumber spacing, optical aberrations, and misalignments in the spectrometer. We simulated SDR based on this model and found strong agreement with measurements from a vis-OCT system. We verified that SDR altered spectroscopic measurements of fully oxygenated blood. We corrected these alterations by normalizing each spectrally dependent A-line by the measured SDR of the spectrometer. Our investigations of SDR are critical for informing OCT spectrometer design, alignment, and spectroscopic measurements.
Romantic Love in the Age of COVID-19

To have and to hold, to love and to cherish, in sickness and in health …Whether you are partnered or available—love in the age of the coronavirus is challenging. For anyone who has had a breakup or...
Salt nanoconfinement in zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks leads to pore-size and loading-dependent ionic conductivity enhancement

The effect of nanoscale confinement of a salt on its ionic conductivity was studied for [NEt4][TFSI] melt-loaded in three isoreticular zirconium-based MOFs: UiO-66, UiO-67, and PCN-56. Conductivity of the MOF-salt composites was up to a factor of 50 higher than the pure salt, and maximized with slightly less than full loading of the MOFs.
Failure Modes in IROC Photon Liver Phantom Irradiations.

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to analyze and classify the patterns of failure for irradiations of the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core photon liver phantom. Methods and Materials Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core's anthropomorphic liver phantom simulates multitarget liver disease with respiratory motion. Two hundred forty-nine liver phantom results from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed. Phantom irradiations that failed were categorized by the error attributed to the failure. Phantom results were also compared by demographic data, such as machine type, treatment planning system, motion management technique, number of isocenters, and whether the phantom was a first time or repeat irradiation. Results The failure rate for the liver phantom was 27%. From the 68 irradiations that did not pass, 5 failure modes were identified. The most common failure mode was localization errors in the direction of motion, with over 50% of failures attributed to this mode. The second-most common failure mode was systematic dose errors. The internal target volume technique performed worse than other motion management techniques. Failure modes were different by the number of isocenters used, with multi-isocenter irradiations having more failure modes in a single phantom irradiation. Conclusions Motion management techniques and proper alignment of moving targets play a large role in the successful irradiation of the liver phantom. These errors should be examined to ensure accurate patient treatment for liver disease or other sites where multiple moving targets are present.
Male Mutilation: An Ethnomethodological Perspective on Family Planning in Kenya

In Swahili-speaking countries in East Africa, the introduction of new and re-use of old media opens up participative spaces to social actors in a potentially democratic manner. Such is the case with reality shows, where we may see a tension between the medium, its exogenous norms, and those of its indigenous participants. Our study offers an ethnomethodological perspective on a talk-show in Kenya, where people are recorded while being passengers on a bus and participate in a mediated discussion about such a socio-culturally loaded topic as family planning. We observe that through the lens of the camera, even those speakers who might have been treated as voiceless subjects, acquire entitlement to their opinions as a social commodity and readily engage in co-constructing new social problems in opposition to traditional hierarchal divisions, especially age and gender. Through the analysis of the ongoing talk-in-interaction and the sequential organization of the talk, we argue that while the participative demands of the medium encourage passengers to voice their opinions and critically examine the present social order, it may also reinforce that same traditional normativity.
Identification of the core promoter of ZNFO, an oocyte-specific maternal effect gene in cattle.

Abstract ZNFO is a Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) containing zinc finger transcription factor, which is exclusively expressed in bovine oocytes. Previous studies have demonstrated that ZNFO possesses an intrinsic transcriptional repressive activity and is essential for early embryonic development in cattle. However, the mechanisms regulating ZNFO transcription remain elusive. In the present study, the core promoter that controls the ZNFO basal transcription was identified. A 1.7 kb 5′ regulatory region of the ZNFO gene was cloned and its promoter activity was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. A series of 5′ deletion in the ZNFO promoter followed by luciferase reporter assays indicated that the core promoter region has to include the sequence located within 57 bp to 31 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Sequence analysis revealed that a putative USF1/USF2 binding site (GGTCACGTGACC) containing an E-box motif (CACGTG) is located within the essential region. Depletion of USF1/USF2 by RNAi and E-box mutation analysis demonstrated that the USF1/USF2 binding site is required for the ZNFO basal transcription. Furthermore, EMSA and super-shift assays indicated that the observed effects are dependent on the specific interactions between USF proteins and the ZNFO core promoter. From these results, it is concluded that USF1 and USF2 are essential for the basal transcription of the ZNFO gene.
Investigating reasons for discontinuation of first-line adjuvant chemotherapy among ovarian cancer patients in the midwestern United States.

e17523Background: Receipt of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy greatly impact survival outcomes for ovarian cancer, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy with a high recurrence/progression rate. Mos...
Exploiting lack of fusion defects for microstructural engineering in additive manufacturing

Abstract Rapid cooling rates and stochastic interactions between the heat source and feedstock in additive manufacturing (AM) result in strong anisotropy and process-induced defects deteriorating the tensile ductility and fatigue resistance of printed parts. We show that by deliberately introducing a high density of lack of fusion (LoF) defects, a processing regime that has been avoided so far, followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), we can print Ti-6Al-4V with reduced texture and combinations of strength (TS=1.0 ± 3E-2 GPa) and ductility (efailure=20 ± 1%) surpassing that of wrought, cast, forged, annealed, solution-treated and aged counterparts. Such improvement is achieved through the formation of low aspect ratio α-grains around LoF defects upon healing, surrounded by α-laths. This occurrence is attributed to surface energy reduction and recrystallization events taking place during the healing of LoF defects via HIP post-processing. Our approach to design duplex microstructures is applicable to a wide range of AM processes and alloys, and can be used in the design of damage tolerant microstructures.
UBEM.io: A web-based framework to rapidly generate urban building energy models for carbon reduction technology pathways

Abstract Policymakers are struggling to understand what specific mixes of building retrofitting upgrades are necessary to achieve carbon emission targets. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is a bottom-up simulation method to develop policy measures for building stocks. However, the use of UBEM tools requires hard-to-find individuals with training in multiple domains and significant setup time exacerbated through a lack of standardized building use and construction databases. To address these challenges, this paper presents UBEM.io, a novel web-based framework to rapidly generate UBEMs in an automated and scalable fashion with clear handover points. UBEM.io is designed to help any city or municipality conduct low-cost, rapid energy and carbon emissions scenario studies. UBEM.io contributes to practice and research in multiple ways: automated generation of urban-scale building geometries based on widely available inputs; assignment of building simulation templates from a pre-populated library; matching of templates to individual buildings via archetypes; and visualization of simulation results for various carbon emissions reduction pathways. The framework was piloted in Evanston, IL (USA) to build an UBEM comprising 1,363 buildings. It was then successfully deployed with representatives from eight municipalities: Braga (Portugal), Cairo (Egypt), Dublin (Ireland), Florianopolis (Brazil), Kiel (Germany), Middlebury, VT (USA), Montreal (Canada), and Singapore.
The Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions

In cases where a small parameter multiplies the highest derivative in a differential equation, there occurs a sharp change in the dependent variable in a certain region of the domain of the independent variable. In constructing a solution to the differential equation through uniformly-valid expansions, one characterizes the sharp changes by a magnified scale that is different from the scale characterizing the behavior of the dependent variable outside the “boundary-layer” regions. In other words, one represents the solution by two different asymptotic expansions using the independent variables x and x/e say. Since they are different asymptotic representations of the same function, they should be related to each other in a rational manner in an overlapping region where both are valid (Friedrichs, 1955); this leads to the asymptotic matching principle (the latter makes the two representations completely determinate).
El agotamiento del pacto de la transición: historización y violencia simbólica

La Transicion espanola a la democracia supuso la deliberada neutralizacion de una memoria que aun estaba muy viva a mediados de los anos setenta del siglo pasado. El 22 de noviembre de 1975 no vio la caida de una tirania sino la transfiguracion de un regimen que autosobrevivio gracias a la pasividad de la poblacion y la complicidad de una parte significativa de ella. La Transicion no fue la reinvencion democratica del Estado sino un traspaso provisional de las instituciones a fin de asegurar la continuidad de sus funciones. En su dimension historica, la Constitucion espanola es lo que Freud llamo una memoria-filtro, metafora de un conocimiento censurado que debe reprimirse incesantemente a fin de que no emerja a la luz publica. A esta tarea han colaborado con entusiasmo los historiadores, tanto los abiertamente asociados al conservadurismo de la Real Academia de la Historia, como los de estirpe liberal que colaboran con aquellos en la erradicacion de las memorias heteronacionales para deslegitimar la vigencia de derechos reivindicables, esto es, para promover la discontinuidad historica en las nacionalidades perifericas que los conservadores han logrado ya a nivel de Estado
Ionic Liquids in Gas Separation Membranes

Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a versatile class of materials for building novel gas separation membranes that can be composed of liquids, polymers, and polymer-liquid composites. Extremely low volatilities and tunable structures are the two essential features of the IL platform that have driven the growth of research in these unique materials for gas separations. Most of the work to date on ILs in gas separation membranes has focused on the separation of carbon dioxide from methane (CO2/CH4, natural gas sweetening) and carbon dioxide from nitrogen (CO2/N2, postcombustion CO2 capture). While the majority of IL-based membranes operate via the solution-diffusion mechanism, facilitated transport has also been examined. The inclusion of reactive groups (e.g., silver salts) within ILs has opened additional applications such as olefin/paraffin separations. This article focuses on the history of IL development for gas separations, and the different ways in which ILs have been applied in membranes: as supported liquids, polymeric ILs, and composite materials. Relative performances of these different approaches are discussed, with an emphasis on understanding the underlying physicochemical properties of ILs and IL-containing materials as a means of developing meaningful models that can be used to rationally design IL-containing membranes with improved performances. Additionally, the general state of the art is assessed with respect to the progress made over the past decade and recommendations for future work are provided. Keywords: ionic liquid; polymer; membrane; carbon dioxide; composite material
Plasticity in the aging central nervous system.

Publisher Summary The majority of data are consistent with the idea that plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus are altered, as is spatial cognition, during aging. A number of studies, including several to which Frank Morrell contributed, show that the age-related changes in these neural and behavioral variables are significantly correlated and that they can be manipulated in a way such that older animals show more effective brain plasticity and more accurate spatial behavior. Frank Morrell was very interested in how plasticity mechanisms are altered during aging and how these changes may affect cognition. This chapter summarizes the progress to date in the understanding of how long-term potentiation (LTP) and other plasticity characteristics of the hippocampus are altered by the aging process and how this may relate to learning and memory alterations during aging, which includes the experimental work that Frank Morrell contributed to this area of scientific inquiry. Challenge now is to move these basic research facts into clinical application.
Folding 19 proteins to their native state and stability of large proteins from a coarse‐grained model

We develop an intermediate resolution model, where the backbone is modeled with atomic resolution but the side chain with a single bead, by extending our previous model (Proteins (2013) DOI: 10.1002/prot.24269) to properly include proline, preproline residues and backbone rigidity. Starting from random configurations, the model properly folds 19 proteins (including a mutant 2A3D sequence) into native states containing β sheet, α helix, and mixed α/β. As a further test, the stability of H-RAS (a 169 residue protein, critical in many signaling pathways) is investigated: The protein is stable, with excellent agreement with experimental B-factors. Despite that proteins containing only α helices fold to their native state at lower backbone rigidity, and other limitations, which we discuss thoroughly, the model provides a reliable description of the dynamics as compared with all atom simulations, but does not constrain secondary structures as it is typically the case in more coarse-grained models. Further implications are described. Proteins 2014; 82:505–516. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timed sequential chemotherapy of cytoxan-refractory multiple myeloma with cytoxan and adriamycin based on induced tumor proliferation

Malignant plasma cell proliferation and induced humoral stimulatory activity (HSA) occur in vivo at a predictable time following drug administration. Sequential sera from 11 patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing treatment with Cytoxan (CY) 2400 mq/sq m were assayed for their in vitro effects on malignant bone marrow plasma cell tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation. Peak HSA was detected day 9 following CY. Sequential changes in marrow malignant plasma cell 3HTdR-labeling indices (LI) paralleled changes in serum activity, with peak LI occurring at the time of peak HS. An in vitro model of chemotherapy demonstrated that malignant plasma cell proliferation was enhanced by HSA, as determined by 3HTdR incorporation assay, 3HTdR LI, and tumor cells counts, and that stimulated plasma cells were more sensitive to cytotoxic effects of adriamycin (ADR) than were cells cultured in autologous pretreatment serum. Based on these studies, we designed a clinical trial to treat 12 CY-refractory poor- risk patients with MM in which ADR (60 mg/sq m) was administered at the time of peak HSA and residual tumor cell LI (day 9) following initial CY, 2400 mg/m (CY1ADR9). Eight of 12 (67%) responded to timed sequential chemotherapy with a greater than 50% decrement in monoclonal protein marker and a median survival projected to be greater than 8 mo duration (range 4–21+ mo). These clinical results using timed sequential CY1ADR9 compare favorably with results obtained using ADR in nonsequential chemotherapeutic regimens.
A low memory, highly concurrent multigrid algorithm

We examine what is an efficient and scalable nonlinear solver, with low work and memory complexity, for many classes of discretized partial differential equations (PDEs) - matrix-free Full multigrid (FMG) with a Full Approximation Storage (FAS) - in the context of current trends in computer architectures. Brandt proposed an extremely low memory FMG-FAS algorithm over 25 years ago that has several attractive properties for reducing costs on modern - memory centric -- machines and has not been developed to our knowledge. This method, segmental refinement (SR), has very low memory requirements because the finest grids need not be held in memory at any one time but can be "swept" through, computing coarse grid correction and any quantities of interest, allowing for orders of magnitude reduction in memory usage. This algorithm has two useful ideas for effectively exploiting future architectures: improved data locality and reuse via "vertical" processing of the multigrid algorithms and the method of $\tau$-corrections, which allows for not storing the entire fine grids at any one time. This report develops this algorithm for a model problem and a parallel generalization of the original sweeping technique. We show that FMG-FAS-SR can work as originally predicted, solving systems accurately enough to maintain the convergence rate of the discretization with one FMG iteration, and that the parallel algorithm provides a natural approach to fully exploiting the available parallelism of FMG.
Legacy mercury and stoichiometry with C, N, and S in soil, pore water, and stream water across the upland‐wetland interface: The influence of hydrogeologic setting

Received 3 December 2012; revised 20 April 2013; accepted 27 April 2013. [1] Mechanisms influencing retention, biogeochemical cycling, and release of legacy mercury within soils of forests and wetlands remain poorly understood. We quantified mercury pool size and stoichiometry with carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur across forest-wetland transects and among wetlands of different hydrogeologic settings in the Adirondack region of New York State. Average total mercury pool size in soils (to 50 cm depth) was greater in forests (17.5 mg/m 2 ) than in wetlands (6.1 mg/m 2 ;p <0.010). The average mercury pool size (to 50 cm depth) in shallow-peat riparian wetlands (9.3 mg/m 2 ) was greater than in deep-peat riparian (5.4 mg/m 2 ; p=0.099) or headwater wetlands (3.6 mg/m 2 ; p=0.046). Accumulation of mercury was enhanced at the forest-wetland interface.In mineral horizons of the forest soil and inshallow-peat riparianwetlands, mercury was positively correlated with carbon (r 2 =0.73-0.96) and nitrogen (r 2 =0.82-0.93), but not sulfur. In contrast, mercury and sulfur were strongly correlated in headwater wetland peat (r 2 =0.73). Dissolved mercury was correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in pore water and stream water of deep-peat and shallow-peat riparian wetlands (r 2 =0.46-0.73), but not in headwater wetland pore water. In headwater outlet streams, dissolved mercury was correlated with DOC (r 2 =0.62), but the slope was only one third that in riparian streams. Hydrogeologic setting influences decomposition processes, biogeochemical cycling of mercury, and hydrologic transport that in turn, govern the size and stoichiometry of mercury pools across the upland-wetland interface and among different wetland types. Ultimately, mobilization of legacy mercury into aquatic ecosystems from forest soils and wetlands likely depends upon decomposition dynamics and hydrologic flow paths.
Developing a Group Work Sequence

ABSTRACT This paper describes how one graduate school of social work conceived and developed group work content in an advanced generalist curriculum for students preparing to address a broad range of social and personal problems in agency-based practices in troubled communities. As more social work programs adopt advanced generalist curricula, faculty struggle to frame (from multi-theoretical orientations) and articulate interventions effective with multi-problemed clients in a variety of practice arenas. At the University of Nevada-Reno, faculty developed group work content as an integral part of an advanced gen-eralist curriculum designed to enable graduates to perform mezzo-level assessments and interventions in the spectrum of micro- to macro-level practice.
Convenient care clinic nurse practitioner impact analysis

Recent changes in healthcare regulations and the increased availability of health insurance to millions of previously uninsured has created an unprecedented opportunity to provide healthcare outside of the traditional healthcare system such as by nurse practitioners (NPs) in convenient care clinics (CCCs).This study surveyed 59 NPs who practiced at CCCs to explore the impact of their practice. The findings demonstrated that accessibility, convenience, affordability, quality patient care, and treating patient problems were the most impacts. Some of the biggest challenges to CCC practice included lack of care continuity, working alone, limited scope of practice, patient satisfaction and community awareness Overall the impact of NP care provided at CCC had a positive effect and represents a great potential for the expansion of healthcare into the community.
Resource Relationship Characteristics of Homeless Youth Accessing Higher Education Opportunities

This phenomenological study sought to explore how resource relationships impact college independent students during his/her homeless experience, while accessing higher education opportunities. Six students were interviewed at a Colorado university about their individual experiences. It was found that experiences pertaining to collegiate aspirations, educational barriers, accessing resource opportunities, and finding supplemental support were shared between the participants. Three major areas were identified as access areas for finding support including educational settings, community organizations, and intimate connections. These relationships assisted in providing social capital, based primarily on trust, as well as skill building and navigating the process of accessing college opportunities.
An efficient multi-resolution modeling for 3D objects in applications of virtual environments

In this paper, we present an efficient progressive mesh algorithm to generate an arbitrary resolution model. In our algorithm, we use the half-edge method for edge collapse. In order to find proper edges for collapse at each iteration, we define a simple and efficient criterion to explore the geometric importance of a 3D object. The factors we consider involve edge curvature and neighbor face areas. Experimental results show that these factors combined together can effectively preserve the topology of the original model, while it has been simplified to a certain extent. This algorithm can thus be implemented efficiently as it can be utilized in many real-time or interactive applications of virtual environments.
MRP4 Modulation of the Guanylate Cyclase-C/cGMP Pathway: Effects on Linaclotide-Induced Electrolyte Secretion and cGMP Efflux

MRP4 mediates the efflux of cGMP and cAMP and acts as an important regulator of these secondary messengers, thereby affecting signaling events mediated by cGMP and cAMP. Immunofluorescence staining showed high MRP4 expression localized predominantly in the apical membrane of rat colonic epithelium. In vitro studies were performed using a rat colonic mucosal layer mounted in an Ussing chamber. Linaclotide activation of the guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C)/cGMP pathway induced a concentration-dependent increase in transepithelial ion current [short-circuit current (Isc)] across rat colonic mucosa (EC50: 9.2 nM). Pretreatment of colonic mucosa with the specific MRP4 inhibitor MK571 potentiated linaclotide-induced electrolyte secretion and augmented linaclotide-stimulated intracellular cGMP accumulation. Notably, pretreatment with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil increased basal Isc, but had no amplifying effect on linaclotide-induced Isc. MRP4 inhibition selectively affected the activation phase, but not the deactivation phase, of linaclotide. In contrast, incubation with a GC-C/Fc chimera binding to linaclotide abrogated linaclotide-induced Isc, returning to baseline. Furthermore, linaclotide activation of GC-C induced cGMP secretion from the apical and basolateral membranes of colonic epithelium. MRP4 inhibition blocked cGMP efflux from the apical membrane, but not the basolateral membrane. These data reveal a novel, previously unrecognized mechanism that functionally couples GC-C-induced luminal electrolyte transport and cGMP secretion to spatially restricted, compartmentalized regulation by MRP4 at the apical membrane of intestinal epithelium. These findings have important implications for gastrointestinal disorders with symptoms associated with dysregulated fluid homeostasis, such as irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, chronic idiopathic constipation, and secretory diarrhea.
Experimental study of Stokes fields linewidth in resonant four-wave mixing in hot Rb vapor

Summary form only given. Studying of /sup 87/Rb vapour Stokes harmonics properties, such as resonance width and dependence on drive laser power, is the subject of this paper. Two external cavity semiconductor lasers were used, as a strong driving laser and as a probe.
Owen Martin Phillips (1930–2010)

[1] Owen Martin Phillips, a pioneer in geophysical fluid dynamics, died at home on 13 October 2010 in Chestertown, Md., at the age of 79. To his many friends and colleagues, Phillips was an inspirational and gracious person who combined a deep intellect, a lively spirit, and a generous heart that matched his passionate interest in the geophysical sciences. Phillips was born on 30 December 1930 in Parramatta, N. S. W., Australia. In 1948 he enrolled in the University of Sydney, where he earned a B.S. in applied mathematics in 1952. That same year, he joined the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University as a research student, where he began to apply to the ocean concepts in turbulent flow recently developed by Andrei Kolmogorov, G. I. Taylor, and George Batchelor. While attending the 1956 celebration of Taylor's seventieth birthday, Phillips heard Fritz Ursell declare that “the process by which ocean waves are generated by the wind cannot be regarded as known.” In 1957 the Journal of Fluid Mechanics contained two remarkable papers offering contrasting theories for ocean wave generation. One paper, by the applied mathematician John Miles (J. Fluid Mech., 2(5), 417–445, 1957), proposed that energy transfer from the air to the sea occurs at a critical layer in the atmosphere boundary layer. The other paper, by Phillips, then 26 years old (J. Fluid Mech., 3(2), 185–204, 1957), proposed that turbulent pressure fluctuations in the wind resonate with propagating ocean waves, forcing them to grow. Together these became known as the Phillips-Miles process, and it was the opening salvo in Phillips's 50-year career of innovative contributions to geophysics through fluid mechanics.
Nutrition and Reproduction in Dairy Herds

Diagnosis of nutritional effects on herd fertility requires a systematic analysis of reproductive records in addition to quantifying the feeding program on the farm. Corroborative laboratory tests for specific deficiencies may be useful.
CALF INSPECTIONS OF FISH CATCHES IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS SP.): OPPORTUNITIES FOR OBLIQUE SOCIAL LEARNING?

In recent years, the study of social learning and culture in wild cetaceans has visibly increased (Rendell and Whitehead 2001, Mann and Sargeant 2003, Krutzen et al. 2005). Some of the best evidence for some type of social learning in wild cetaceans comes from studies of vocal traditions in killer whales (Deecke et al. 2000, Yurk et al. 2002), song change in humpback whales (Noad et al. 2000), coda dialects in sperm whales (Rendell and Whitehead 2005), whistle convergence in bottlenose dolphins (Smolker and Pepper 1999, Watwood et al. 2004), and foraging behaviors in bottlenose dolphins (Mann and Sargeant 2003, Sargeant et al. 2005). The mechanisms (e.g., local enhancement, imitation) of social transmission have received very little attention, largely because this requires well-controlled experiments, compounded further by the difficulties in studying marine mammals. In a broader sense, determining whether transmission is vertical (parent to offspring), oblique (older to younger), or horizontal (laterally to peers or similar age classes), even without precise determination of mechanisms, offers insights into the ecological and social demands of a species. For example, horizontal transmission of song types in humpback whales is consistent with the proposed competitive function of song (Noad et al. 2000, Cerchio et al. 2001), and the context of pod-specific calls in killer whales suggests that calls promote cohesiveness (Miller et al. 2004). To date, our work on Shark Bay bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) suggests that vertical transmission of foraging types from mother to calf are commonplace (Mann and Sargeant 2003), but other forms of transmission may also occur (Sargeant et al. 2005). We argue that habitat heterogeneity and bisexual philopatry favors vertical transmission, especially for daughters who, more than sons, maintain a range similar to the mother’s (Krutzen et al. 2004). For
Bone marrow fat content in relation to bone remodeling and serum chemistry in intact and ovariectomized dogs.

It was previously shown that 11 months after ovariectomy the volume fraction of trabecular bone in the spine and 11th rib medullary canal of Beagle dogs (6 control, 9 ovariectomized) was significantly reduced. In this paper it is shown that these changes are accompanied by increased marrow fat volume in the 11th rib (59.0±9.5% vs. 44.3 ±10.0%). Conversely, the volume fraction of functional (hematopoietic) cells in the marrow was reduced by ovariectomy. Additionally, variations in marrow fat volume were tested for correlation with 22 other variables pertinent to bone physiology. Marrow fat volume was significantly positively correlated with serum osteocalcin, rib trabecular bone porosity, rib cross-sectional area, and gains in body weight. It was negatively correlated with serum estrogen concentrations and the extent of rib trabecular surfaces labeled with tetracycline.
Effects of amlodipine on blood pressure, heart rate, catecholamines, lipids and responses to adrenergic stimulus.

Abstract Management of systemic hypertension with calcium antagonists is gaining increasing acceptance. 1 Anti-hypertensive therapy with these agents, however, is limited by frequent adverse effects and need for frequent daily doses. Amlodipine is a new dihydropyridine derivative currently undergoing evaluation for therapy of hypertension. Although qualitatively similar to nifedipine, amlodipine has a longer duration of action and may be useful as a single daily dose. 2 This study evaluated effects of different doses of amlodipine given once daily to patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Its effects on adrenergic response to isometric exercise 3 and plasma levels of catecholamines and lipids were also evaluated.
Some aspects of superconducting accelerator design

The performance of an accelerator can be characterized by the efficiency with which electrical energy, ac and rf, is converted into accelerating energy, the minimum energy needed to generate a given beam voltage. The current accelerator improvement program at SLAC aims at raising the beam voltage to 50GV which will use 240 klystrons each capable of producing a pulse 5μs in length at a peak power of 36MW. The Linear Collider requires 50MW klystrons to achieve 60GV which will raise the concomittant power consumption to 32.3MW. We show that with superconducting elements we can increase the rf and ac conversion efficiencies and achieve the necessary 60GV using only 1/3 of the present power requirements, provided that we exclude CW operation. We will further demonstrate that this increase in efficiency is crucial and highly significant in the design of a proposed 1000GV linear accelerator.
On the Convergence of Miehle's Algorithm for the Euclidean Multifacility Location Problem

For the Euclidean single facility location problem, E. Weiszfeld proposed a simple iterative algorithm in 1937. Later, it was proved by numerous authors that it is a convergent descent algorithm. W. Miehle extended Weiszfeld's algorithm to solve the Euclidean multifacility location problem. Then, L. M. Ostresh proved that Miehle's algorithm is a descent algorithm. Recently, F. Rado modified Miehle's algorithm and provided several sets of sufficient conditions for the modified algorithm to converge. He also indicated that the convergence of Miehle's algorithm was an open problem. In this paper, the relationship between Miehle's multifacility location algorithm and Weiszfeld's single facility location algorithm is analyzed. Counterexamples show that Miehle's algorithm may converge to nonoptimal points for well structured problems.
Low Temperature Aqueous Polymeric Precursor Processing of ZnO:Er Using a Glycerol Chelating Agent

Erbium doped ZnO (ZnO:Er) is considered to be a suitable candidate for fabrication of the current injection optical devices. Although ZnO: Er thin films have been synthesized previously by pulsed laser deposition, we present low – temperature processed ZnO:Er thin films from polymeric precursors. In this work, we study the effect of variation of Er doping concentration on the structural and electrical properties of the synthesized films. ZnO nanoparticles of varied Er doping concentration, derived from the prepared polymeric solution, has been spin – coated onto surface modified substrates, and annealed at different temperatures. The effect of Er doping concentration on film grain size and strain was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. XRD data reveals that doping of Er ions reduces compressive strain considerably in the films. It is speculated that the presence of larger Er cations in ZnO cause tensile stress, which neutralizes the inherent compressive stress, observed in undoped ZnO, significantly decreasing and hence, making the films stress free. Crystallite size of ZnO:Er thin films, annealed at 600°C, was calculated to be approximately 12 nm using Scherrer’s equation. The surface morphology of the thin films was characterized by both SEM and AFM. Electrical resistivity of the films, annealed at 450oC, was calculated to be 290 Ω-m for 5 at wt% and 125 Ω-m for 10 at wt% ZnO:Er films.
The histopathology of fatal untreated human respiratory syncytial virus infection

The pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was evaluated 1 day after an outpatient diagnosis of RSV in a child who died in a motor vehicle accident. We then identified 11 children with bronchiolitis from the Vanderbilt University autopsy log between 1925 and 1959 who met criteria for possible RSV infection in the preintensivist era. Their tissue was re-embedded and evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin and PAS staining and immunostaining with RSV-specific antibodies. Tissue from three cases was immunostain-positive for RSV antigen and was examined in detail. Small bronchiole epithelium was circumferentially infected, but basal cells were spared. Both type 1 and 2 alveolar pneumocytes were also infected. Although, not possible for archival cases, tissue from the index case was evaluated by immunostaining with antibodies to define the cellular components of the inflammatory response. Inflammatory infiltrates were centered on bronchial and pulmonary arterioles and consisted of primarily CD69+ monocytes, CD3+ double-negative T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutrophils. The neutrophil distribution was predominantly between arterioles and airways, while the mononuclear cell distribution was in both airways and lung parenchyma. Most inflammatory cells were concentrated submuscular to the airway, but many cells traversed the smooth muscle into the airway epithelium and lumen. Airway obstruction was a prominent feature in all cases attributed to epithelial and inflammatory cell debris mixed with fibrin, mucus, and edema, and compounded by compression from hyperplastic lymphoid follicles. These findings inform our understanding of RSV pathogenesis and may facilitate the development of new approaches for prevention and treatment.
Suppression of a myosin defect by a kinesin-related gene

MOTOR proteins in cells include myosin1, which is actin-based, and kinesin, dynein and dynamin2, which are microtubule-based. Several proteins have recently been identified that have amino-acid sequences with similarity to the motor domains of either myosin3 or kinesin4–9, but are otherwise dissimilar. This has led to the suggestion that these may all be motor proteins, but that they are specialized for moving different cargos. Genetic analysis can address the question of the different functions of these new proteins. Studies of a temperature-sensitive mutation (myo2-66) in a gene of the myosin superfamily (MYO2) have implicated the Myo2 protein (Myo2p) in the process of polarized secretion in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)10. To understand more about the role of Myo2p, we have looked for 'multicopy suppressors' (heterologous genes that, when overexpressed, can correct the temperature sensitivity of the myo2-66 mutant). Here we report the identification of such a suppressor (SMY1) that (surprisingly) encodes a predicted polypeptide sharing sequence similarity with the motor portion of proteins in the kinesin superfamily.
A Review of: “Reporting America at War, directed by Stephen Ives, produced by Amanda Pollock and Stephen Ives War Feels Like War, directed by Esteban Uyarra, produced by Alison Roper Home of the Brave—Land of the Free, directed by John Sullivan, produced by Gard A. Andreeson”

Reporting America at War, directed by Stephen Ives, produced by Amanda Pollock and Stephen Ives, 2003. Running time: Two 90-minute episodes. Distributed by Insignia Films. War Feels Like War, direc...