cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses of Children With Different Intake Profiles to Mental Health Treatment

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the relative change in functioning of children with serious emotional disturbances served in a system of care who were referred from a variety of sources and who had different intake profiles, including diagnoses, demographic characteristics, and levels of risk. METHODS: A total of 203 children who had received services for at least six months from the East Baltimore mental health partnership were included in the study. The children's functioning was assessed using the Child and Adolescent Functioning Assessment Scale (CAFAS) at both baseline and six months. Univariate analyses were used to compare demographic and functioning characteristics at baseline of children referred from different sources. Repeated-measures general linear analysis was conducted to determine differences in changes in functioning by demographic and clinical characteristics as well as referral source. RESULTS: On average, children demonstrated significant functional improvement from baseline to six month...
The development of eye movements in the zebrafish (Danio rerio).

We investigated the development of oculomotor activity in zebrafish embryos and larvae of ages 48-96 hrs postfertilization (hpf). The optokinetic response (OKR: smooth tracking movements evoked by a rotating striped drum) improved steadily after its onset at 73 hpf, and by 96 hpf had a achieved a gain (eye velocity/drum velocity) of 0.9, comparable to adult performance. Reset movements (the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus) developed over 75-81 hpf. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR: compensatory eye movements evoked by passive rotation of the head) developed over 74-81 hpf, and the associated reset movements, over 76-81 hpf. The VOR was qualitatively normal in dark-reared fish, which excludes an essential role for visual experience in its early development. Spontaneous saccadic movements (the fast shift of eye position) appeared between 81 and 96 hpf, and at 96 hpf had maximum velocities that were comparable to adults. These results are compared to, and found to be incompatible with, two earlier ideas of motor development: behavioral "differentiation" and "encephalization."
Advances in plant chromosome identification and cytogenetic techniques

Recent developments that improve our ability to distinguish slightly diverged genomes from each other, as well as to distinguish each of the nonhomologous chromosomes within a genome, add a new dimension to the study of plant genomics. Differences in repetitive sequences among different species have been used to develop multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques that can define the components of allopolyploids in detail and reveal introgression between species. Bacterial artificial chromosome probes and repetitive sequence arrays have been used to distinguish each of the nonhomologous somatic chromosomes within a species. Such karyotype analysis opens new avenues for the study of chromosomal variation and behavior, as well as for the localization of individual genes and transgenes to genomic position.
A Patently Public Concern: Using Public Nuisance Law to Fix the False Patent Marking Statute after the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act

The year 2010 was marked by an explosion of lawsuits from enterprising patent attorneys seeking to take advantage of the now-superseded false patent marking statute, which proscribed marking one’s product with a patent number when no patent existed. The statute’s qui tam provision allowed anybody to sue on behalf of the federal government to recoup the statutory fine, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit empowered such plaintiffs by increasing incentives to sue. To restore order, Congress passed the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (“AIA”) in September 2011, which replaced the qui tam provision with a compensatory cause of action. The AIA abates exploitation of the false marking statute, but allows recovery only for a narrow class of individuals who directly compete with false marking violators. Moreover, it ignores the public harm inherent in false marking — false marking effectively removes products from the public’s possession, and therefore represents an interference with the public right of access to that which should be in the public domain. To strike an appropriate balance between the need to redress the injury to this public right and the need to curb false marking litigation, this Note proposes that the AIA be amended to explicitly proscribe false marking as a public nuisance and to codify the special injury rule set forth in the Restatement (Second) of Torts, which would limit the cause of action only to those plaintiffs suffering an injury different from that suffered by the rest of the public. Additionally, the statute should be amended to allow plaintiffs who are unable to prove compensatory damages to recover statutory damages so as to maintain the proper balance between incentivizing false marking enforcement and curbing excessive litigation.
HIF-1 Mediates Renal Fibrosis in OVE26 Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 mediates hypoxia- and chronic kidney disease-induced fibrotic events. Here, we assessed whether HIF-1 blockade attenuates the manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in a type 1 diabetic animal model, OVE26. YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole], an HIF-1 inhibitor, reduced whole kidney glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and urinary albumin excretion as well as NOX4 protein expression and NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species production, while blood glucose levels remained unchanged. The role of NOX oxidases in HIF-1-mediated extracellular matrix accumulation was explored in vitro using glomerular mesangial cells. Through a series of genetic silencing and adenoviral overexpression studies, we have defined GLUT1 as a critical downstream target of HIF-1α mediating high glucose-induced matrix expression through the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX4. Together, our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1 may improve clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy.
Family Practice is seeking excellent manuscript submissions

Family Practice: The International Journal for Research in Primary Care is an international journal aimed at clinicians and researchers in the fields of primary care, family medicine and general practice. The journal’s range and content include primary care epidemiology, health care delivery, clinical care, health promotion and disease prevention, systematic reviews and primary care research methods. Articles should have broad applicability to other settings and countries. We would particularly like to encourage the reporting of randomized controlled trials from primary care.
The Mutual Defense Assistance Program

The Mutual Defense Assistance Program represents the military portion of an important foreign policy of the United States, that of aid to free nations. While assisting allies by grants of money and supplies is by no means a new undertaking, even for the United States, the scope of this program, under which expenditures may soon exceed $7 billion annually, makes it a good laboratory specimen to illustrate the impact of a positive foreign policy on the structure of the national government. Furthermore, analysis of the program clearly shows the tremendous changes that have taken place in the methods of formulating and administering American foreign policy since the end of World War II.For more than a generation prior to 1916, the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy occupied the same building at the seat of government.
Notes and descriptions of some Leptopsyllid fleas (Siphonaptera).

Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Mesopsylla tuschkan propinacta n.ssp. from Jaculus orientalis orientalis in the Western Desert Govt of Egypt and Ophthalmopsylla (Ophthalmopsylla) volgensis impersia n.ssp. from Allactaga elater from Mazandaran, Iran. Related forms are compared and figured. The aedeagus is described in detail for these subspecies and for Frontopsylla (Frontopsylla) nakagawai taiwanensis Jameson & Hsieh, 1967 from Taiwan, which is also illustrated in full.
Integrated Perovskite/Bulk-Heterojunction toward Efficient Solar Cells

We successfully demonstrated an integrated perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic device for efficient light harvesting and energy conversion. Our device efficiently integrated two photovoltaic layers, namely a perovskite film and organic BHJ film, into the device. The device structure is ITO/TiO2/perovskite/BHJ/MoO3/Ag. A wide bandgap small molecule DOR3T-TBDT was used as donor in the BHJ film, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.3% was achieved in the integrated device with a high short circuit current density (JSC) of 21.2 mA cm–2. The higher JSC as compared to that of the traditional perovskite/HTL (hole transporting layer) device (19.3 mA cm–2) indicates that the BHJ film absorbs light and contributes to the current density of the device. Our result further suggests that the HTL in traditional perovskite solar cell, even with good light absorption capability, cannot contribute to the overall device photocurrent, unless this HTL becomes a BHJ layer (by adding electron transporting...
Sticky Trap for Monitoring Leafminers Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Their Associated Hymenopterous Parasites in Watermelon

Sticky traps for the leaf miners Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii Burgess and their associated hymenopterous parasites were developed for use in watermelon fields using PVC pipe and plastic cups. Comparison between numbers of insects caught on sticky traps with numbers of insect reared from leaf samples indicated a predictive value of 3 wk for leafminers. Traps intercepted greater numbers of insects when placed as close to the plant canopy as possible.
Thrusts and Prospects on Understanding and Predicting Asian Monsoon Climate

Development of monsoon climate prediction through integrated research efforts to improve our understanding of monsoon variability and predictability is a primary goal of the Asian Monsoon Years (2007-2011) and International Monsoon Study under the leadership of the World Climate Research Programme. The present paper reviews recent progress in Asian monsoon research focusing on (1) understanding and modeling of the monsoon variability, (2) determining the sources and limits of predictability, and (3) assessing the current status of climate prediction, with emphasis on the weekly to interannual time scales. Particular attention is paid to identify scientific issues and thrust areas, as well as potential directions to move forward in an attempt to stimulate future research to advance our understanding of monsoon climate dynamics and improve our capability to forecast Asian monsoon climate variation.
A simulation study of multi-disciplinary position control methods of robot arm D.C motor

This paper presents a simulation study using different control strategies to control the position of robot arm DC motor. Fixed field DC motor mathematical model is applied using certain parameters settings. A state feedback pole placement, Fuzzy Logic, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network, and the conventional PH) control theories have been applied successfully. Matlab Simulink work space is used in the simulation. Almost the same controlled output responses are obtained with a different transient responses speed.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Evaluating the Security of Complex Systems

Recent security breaches show the need to secure large, distributed, complex systems. A fundamental, but little discussed aspect of security is how to evaluate when a complete system is secure. Purely formal methods cannot handle this level of complexity. Code checking does not consider the interaction of separate modules working together and is hard to scale. Model-based approaches, such as patterns and problem frames, can be effective for handling large systems. Their use in evaluating security appears promising. A few works in this direction exist, but there is a need for more ideas. This Special Issue focuses on global, model-based, architectural, and systems-oriented evaluation methods.
Selective Recognition of d-Aldohexoses in Water by Boronic Acid-Functionalized, Molecularly Imprinted Cross-Linked Micelles

Molecular imprinting within cross-linked micelles using 4-vinylphenylboronate derivatives of carbohydrates provided water-soluble nanoparticle receptors selective for the carbohydrate templates. Complete differentiation of d-aldohexoses could be achieved by these receptors if a single inversion of hydroxyl occurred at C2 or C4 of the sugar or if two or more inversions took place. Glycosides with a hydrophobic aglycan displayed stronger binding due to increased hydrophobic interactions.
Brooklyn Revisited: An Illustrated View from the Street 1970 to the Present

Urban ethnographers must understand that while we look at things using close-up lenses, most policy-makers, on the other hand, employ wide-angle lens to describe what is going on at that very same street level. In this chapter, the authors attempt to provide a contrast between those views in the context of the radically changed public perception of the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. When the authors began their sociological research (and social activism) in the late twentieth century, the neighborhoods in which they were active suffered from the spread of middle-class (white) flight and urban blight. Today, in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the fortunes of these same areas have been reversed, but longer-term residents face new ‘problems’ in the form of gentrification and displacement. It is suggested here that a view from the street can provide a better sociological understanding of the bigger picture.
Combination therapy of bevacizumab with rapamycin in antitumor activity.

5707 The extension of the tumor vascular network during angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, and the persistent immaturity of the resulting neovessels facilitates metastasis. For these reasons and based on its peculiarities, disrupting tumor angiogenesis is a promising antitumor strategy. An efficient approach is to inhibit the proangiogenic activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can be done by means of Bevacizumab/rhuMab, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. However, upon VEGF inactivation, the VEGF-activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR promitotegenic pathway is rescued by other tumor microenvironmental factors. Based on this observation, we reasoned that combining Bevacizumab to Rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug binding to mTOR, would have superior antitumor activity compared with either agent alone. Utilizing an in vivo xenograft model of colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) in nude mice, 200-300 mm3 HT29 flank tumors were randomized to the following treatments: [1]Rapamycin alone (1.5 mg/Kg/day), [2] Bevacizumab alone (3x(100 μg/Kg)/week), [3] Bevacizumab + Rapamycin combined [4] Saline was used as control. The animals were followed until they reached 4x the initial treatment volume. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed lower VEGF expression in mouse tumors treated with the combination and bevacizumab alone treatments versus control and rapamycin alone. This decrease in VEGF abundance was confirmed via ELISA at the molecular level. The combination and bevacizumab alone therapies significantly decreased angiogenesis (CD31 staining) and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 staining), and increased tumor cell apotosis (in situ caspase 3 activation assay). Furthermore, a decrease in tumor hypoxia (measured via CAIX staining) was observed. These important changes in the tumor microenvironment prompted us to test the combination strategy in tumor growth delay experiments. Our results showed a more than additive effects (longer tumor doubling time and increased mean tumor regrowth delays) for animals treated with Bevacizumab + Rapamycin (8.6±0.6 and 3.4±0.6 days) versus Bevacizumab (6.6±0.8 and 1.4±0.8 days) or Rapamycin alone (5.4± 0.5 and 0.2± 0.5 days). Collectively, our findings demonstrate potential for a significant therapeutic gain when combining Bevacizumab with Rapamycin for cancer treatment, particularly if combined with other cytotoxic therapies. The increase in oxygenation may lead to tumor radio- and/or chemosensitization. Future studies will investigate this possibility.
Personal and professional reflections on Islam, social work, and social welfare in the USA

ABSTRACTThis article draws on informal and formal experiences with Islam and Social Welfare beginning with early childhood, higher education, and on through four decades—1996 through 2016—as a social work professor, including research, teaching, community service, and active participation in the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), and the Society for Social Work Research (SSWR). I present four recommendations to social work professionals: Examine your understanding of your own religion or worldview and other religions, including Islam; acknowledge challenges arising from your own cultural and religious traditions; be cautious about projecting your fears and problems onto Muslims; and use primary sources to understand Islam and Muslims.
Three-dimensional Sphere-forming Cells Are Unique Multipotent Cell Population in Dental Pulp Cells

Abstract Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are typically cultured as adherent monolayer using a conventional tissue culture technique. However, this technique incompletely reproduces an in vivo microenvironment of stem cells and results in the loss of stemness properties. Three-dimensional (3D) sphere culture is one of the most widely used 3D culture techniques that have been developed to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. However, the stemness and multilineage differentiation capacity of spheres derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have not been well investigated. Methods DPSCs were cultured and examined for the sphere-forming ability in serum-free, nonadherent conditions. The expression of pluripotency transcription factors was assayed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The expression of MSC-associated markers was determined by flow cytometry. Multilineage differentiation capacity was examined by alkaline phosphatase, alizarin red S, and oil red O assays. Subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice was used to examine the in vivo mineralized tissue-forming ability of sphere and adherent monolayer cells derived from DPSCs. Results We showed that DPSCs form spheres. DPSC spheres exhibited a distinct stem cell phenotype characterized by robust expression of pluripotency transcription factors and decreased expression of MSC-associated markers compared with their corresponding adherent monolayer cells. Functionally, DPSC spheres exhibited enhanced in vitro multilineage differentiation capacity. The expression of multilineage differentiation-related genes was also highly increased in DPSC spheres. Furthermore, DPSC sphere cells possessed higher in vivo mineralized tissue-forming ability than adherent monolayer cells. Conclusions Our findings indicate that sphere-forming cells are unique multipotent cell populations in DPSCs. Our study further suggests that DPSC spheres may provide a unique opportunity for pulp tissue regeneration.
Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation

Abstract Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) provides a measure of patients’ perception of their symptoms, overall health or disability, and treatment. As such, HRQOL is an important patient-centered outcome and transplant-oriented clinical research endpoint. HRQOL alone, or in tandem with other objective clinical outcome measures, is useful in monitoring clinical practice, informing treatment decisions, and guiding the allocation of healthcare resources. It comprises three domains: physical, mental, and psychosocial wellbeing; and can be measured by generalized or targeted instruments depending on the degree of specificity desired by the clinician or researcher. Patients with end stage renal disease requiring dialysis report diminished quality of life compared to the general population, which in turn is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and death, particularly in those with a high comorbidity burden. Renal transplantation confers a global quality of life benefit. Physical symptoms like pain, poor sleep quality, and fatigue are perceived to be improved after transplantation by renal transplant recipients with a functioning allograft. Depression and anxiety also improve after transplantation as does social participation and integration. However, on average, HRQOL following renal transplant remains lower than in the general population, partly due to transplant related complications like infection and malignancy and the adverse effects of immunosuppression. Other factors that negatively impact HRQOL after transplant include older recipient age, deceased donor transplantation, female gender, lack of social support, and comorbid conditions such as diabetes and depression. Improved HRQOL after kidney transplantation, especially in the physical domain, has been associated with better patient and allograft survival. Hence it is imperative for transplant clinicians to familiarize themselves with the concepts, measurement, and interpretation of HRQOL as they strive to provide comprehensive care to kidney transplant patients.
Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests.

Increased market viability of harvest residues as forest bioenergy feedstock may escalate removal of coarse woody debris in managed forests. Meanwhile, many forest invertebrates use coarse woody debris for cover, food, and reproduction. Few studies have explicitly addressed effects of operational-scale woody biomass harvesting on invertebrates following clearcutting. Therefore, we measured invertebrate community response to large-scale harvest residue removal and micro-site manipulations of harvest residue availability in recently clearcut, intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in North Carolina (NC; n = 4) and Georgia (GA; n = 4), USA. We captured 39,794 surface-active invertebrates representing 171 taxonomic groups using pitfall traps situated among micro-site locations (i.e., purposefully retained piles of hardwood stems and piles of conifer stems and areas without coarse woody debris in NC; windrows and no windrows in GA). Micro-site locations were located within six, large-scale treatments (7.16-14.3 ha) in clearcuts. Large-scale treatments represented intensive harvest residue removal, 15% and 30% harvest residue retention, and no harvest residue removal. In NC, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were three times more abundant in treatments with no harvest residue removal than those with the most intensive harvest residue removal and were reduced in treatments that retained 15% or 30% of harvest residues, although not significantly. Invertebrate taxa richness was greater at micro-site locations with retained hardwood and pine (Pinus spp.) harvest residues than those with minimal amounts of coarse woody debris. In both states, relative abundances of several invertebrate taxa, including cave crickets (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae), fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), millipedes (Diplopoda), and wood roaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), were greater at micro-site locations with retained harvest residues than those with minimal coarse woody debris. Intensified woody biomass harvesting without retention of ≥15% of harvest residue volume may reduce invertebrate taxa richness and abundances of some key invertebrate taxa in regenerating stands. Further, harvest residue management during and after woody biomass harvesting may be an important consideration for maintaining invertebrate diversity and conserving invertebrates that are influential in the maintenance of ecosystem function and integrity in young forests.
Contraceptive use at last intercourse among reproductive-aged women with disabilities: an analysis of population-based data from seven states.

Abstract Objective To assess patterns of contraceptive use at last intercourse among women with physical or cognitive disabilities compared to women without disabilities. Study design We analyzed responses to 12 reproductive health questions added by seven states to their 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire. Using responses from female respondents 18–50 years of age, we performed multinomial regression to calculate estimates of contraceptive use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy by disability status and type, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance status, and parity. Results Women with disabilities had similar rates of sexual activity as women without disabilities (90.0% vs. 90.6%, p=.76). Of 5995 reproductive-aged women at risk for unintended pregnancy, 1025 (17.1%) reported one or more disabilities. Contraceptive use at last intercourse was reported by 744 (70.1%) of women with disabilities compared with 3805 (74.3%) of those without disabilities (p=.22). Among women using contraception, women with disabilities used male or female permanent contraception more often than women without disabilities (333 [29.6%] versus 1337 [23.1%], p Conclusions The overall prevalence of sexual activity and contraceptive use was similar for women with and without physical or cognitive disabilities. Method use at last intercourse varied based on presence and type of disability, especially for use of permanent contraception. Implications Although women with disabilities were sexually active and used contraception at similar rates as women without disabilities, contraception use varied by disability type, suggesting the importance of this factor in reproductive health decision-making among patients and providers, and the value of further research to identify reasons why this occurs.
Systematic bias in the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotopic ratio of plutonium isotopic standard CRM138

Plutonium certified reference materials (CRMs) 136, 137, and 138 were produced, characterized, and certified in the period 1966 through 1971 by the National Bureau of Standards. The thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) instruments and the analytical methodologies evolved significantly since the characterization of these Pu isotopic standards. Given the excellent precision of modern TIMS and inductively coupled plasma instruments, systematic biases at the major and minor isotope ratios of these plutonium (Pu) isotopic standards (compared to the certified values) are to be expected. Studies on the major and minor isotope ratios of uranium (U) CRMs indicated systematic bias in the certified ratios of several of these standards. We present a systematic investigation of the 240Pu/239Pu major isotope ratio of Pu isotopic CRM138. The 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratio is shown to be biased by ~ 0.07–0.08%, larger than the bias seen in the major isotope ratio of any of the U CRM from New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL).
Unsteady-State Transport

Unsteady-state flow occurs when the flux and gradient are variable in both space and time. Such flow has more importance in wood treatments than steady-state flow, since it is present whenever a wood specimen is heated, evacuated, impregnated with liquids, or dried. In all these cases there is a net change in the conditions inside the specimen over a period of time.
Organicism and the Birth of Energy

Our current biology and physics take for granted the existence of a principle of immanence in the construction of illustrative models and theories. An indwelling something, responsible for the process of genetic creation and transfer but not reducible to the sum of its genetic parts, plays a central role in the process of replicating the double helices of DNA that constitute in their turn the genes and, ultimately, the chromosomes that determine organismic heredity and form. This indwelling something has the potential to induce ontogenetic recapitulation, within the fetal form, of the entire phylogenetic ladder of evolution, from the single cell up to and including the evolutionary stage of the fetal form in question.1 Similarly, an indwelling something, responsible for the phenomenon of particulate nuclear cohesion (and thereby the identity of a given atomic element) but not reducible to the sum of its particles or their charges, plays a central role in preventing the uninduced, instantaneous reduction of a given element to sub-atomic particles and, ultimately, to entropy. This indwelling something, in the form of energy freed or captured in the process of atomic change could, at least theoretically, be used to induce fusion in a manner that might recapitulate the formation of the entire naturally occurring periodic table as it took place in the origin and development of the universe.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Adolescent Substance Use and Adolescent Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders

There is a growing consensus in the literature that children of alcoholics (COAs) or of parents with other psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUDs) are more prone to PSUDs and PSUD-related problems than are children of nonabusers (Cotton, 1979; Hill, Steinhauer, Smith, & Locke, 1991). Also, PSUDs and other psychiatric disorders such as antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and mood disorders tend to cluster in families (Merikangas, Leckman, Prusoff, Pauls, & Weissman, 1985). COAs are at least 4–5 times more likely to become alcoholics than are children of nonalcoholic parents (Goodwin, 1985). Variables that are most reliably associated with heightened risk of alcoholism are family history of alcoholism and history of antisocial behavior in adolescence (Nathan, 1988). Indeed, based on more than 100 studies reviewed by Cotton (1979), the strong familial aggregation of alcoholism is one of the most robust findings in medical research.
THE ILLUSION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:COCA-COLA AND CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP

Under contemporary globalization, corporations have achieved a size and scope unparalleled to any other time in history (May 24). In response to growing corporate power,there have been contestations from unions, environmentalists, and anti-corporate activists stressing corporate reform. One result of social pressure has been the incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) campaigns into corporate branding strategies (May 201). On thesurface, these campaigns appear to address and integrate social concerns into regular business practices. Yet, I argue that CSR campaigns are one component of a broader strategy to improvethe management of market crises by incorporating criticisms into corporate managed social responsibility initiatives and can be understood using Foucault’s concept of governmentality. Instead of addressing critiques in a substantive manner, CSR initiatives “break off the sharp points of contention” to bolster legitimacy for free market policies (Hobsbawm). To further understand this process, I focus on the Coca-Cola Company’s CSR campaigns on two scales; theinternational and the national in Chile.
Gaplessness is not generic for translation-invariant spin chains

The existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences for the low-energy physics of a quantum many-body system. A recent work of Movassagh [R. Movassagh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 220504 (2017)] shows that a spatially random local quantum Hamiltonian is generically gapless. Here we observe that a gap is more common for translation-invariant quantum spin chains, more specifically, that these are gapped with a positive probability if the interaction is of small rank. This is in line with a previous analysis of the spin-$1/2$ case by Bravyi and Gosset [S. Bravyi and D. Gosset, J. Math. Phys. 56, 061902 (2015)]. The Hamiltonians are constructed by selecting a single projection of sufficiently small rank at random and then translating it across the entire chain. By the rank assumption, the resulting Hamiltonians are automatically frustration-free and this fact plays a key role in our analysis.
Analyzing explanations of substitution reactions using lexical analysis and logistic regression techniques

Assessments that aim to evaluate student understanding of chemical reactions and reaction mechanisms should ask students to construct written or oral explanations of mechanistic representations; students can reproduce pictorial mechanism representations with minimal understanding of the meaning of the representations. Grading such assessments is time-consuming, which is a limitation for use in large-enrollment courses and for timely feedback for students. Lexical analysis and logistic regression techniques can be used to evaluate student written responses in STEM courses. In this study, we use lexical analysis and logistic regression techniques to score a constructed-response item which aims to evaluate student explanations about what is happening in a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (i.e., SN1) reaction and why. We identify three levels of student explanation sophistication (i.e., descriptive only, surface level why, and deeper why), and qualitatively describe student reasoning about four main aspects of the reaction: leaving group, carbocation, nucleophile and electrophile, and acid–base proton transfer. Responses scored as Level 1 (N = 113, 11%) include only a description of what is happening in the reaction and do not address the why for any of the four aspects. Level 2 responses (N = 549, 53%) describe why the reaction is occurring at a surface level (i.e., using solely explicit features or mentioning implicit features without deeper explanation) for at least one aspect of the reaction. Level 3 responses (N = 379, 36%) explain the why at a deeper level by inferring implicit features from explicit features explained using electronic effects for at least one reaction aspect. We evaluate the predictive accuracy of two binomial logistic regression models for scoring the responses with these levels, achieving 86.9% accuracy (with the testing data set) when compared to human coding. The lexical analysis methodology and emergent scoring framework could be used as a foundation from which to develop scoring models for a broader array of reaction mechanisms.
Do Private Equity Firms Reduce Product Commercialization

Private equity (PE) firms reduce product commercialization in their Leveraged Buyout (LBO) investments. This reduction is associated with a product focus in the product commercialization strategy of the LBO. Using a sample of LBOs against a control sample of firms that failed to close the LBO transaction and using trademarks as a measure of product commercialization, I find that PE firms reduce trademark filings, but they accompany it with the reduction in the number of product classes which is a sign of product focus. The effect is opposite when managerial incentives are not aligned. The level of deal leverage does not affect PE firms' product commercialization strategy; neither does PE firms' experience.
Marital Status and Long-Term Outcomes in Mild Heart Failure Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillator.

Married patients have been shown to have a lower risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the risk of heart failure (HF) or death in married versus unmarried patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) are unknown. In Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT), in patients with left bundle branch block, we evaluated long-term clinical outcomes of all-cause mortality or HF events in married (including common law status) compared with unmarried (single/divorced/widowed) patients with CRT-D versus an ICD-only. There were 937 married patients and 344 unmarried patients with left bundle branch block. Multivariate analysis showed that married patients had a 54% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30 to 0.71, p <0.001) compared with the unmarried. However, the survival benefit associated with marital status was pronounced in ICD patients (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.69, p <0.001) and attenuated in CRT-D patients (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.06, p = 0.10), interaction (p = 0.07). Consistently, during the median follow-up of 5.6 years, in patients with ICD, married patients had a significantly lower incidence of death (24%) compared with unmarried patients (42%; p = 0.004), whereas the corresponding mortality rates in CRT-D patients were not significantly different (p = 0.814). In conclusion, during long-term follow-up of mild HF patients with LV dysfunction, married patients were at a significantly lower risk for death compared with those not married. The survival benefit associated with marital status was pronounced in patients implanted with an ICD and is attenuated in those implanted with a CRT-D device.
La Política de la Unión Monetaria Europea (UME) y sus consecuencias para España

The Spanish economic situation in the last few years has deteriorated; this circumstance, along with the measures that have been adopted in the last months, has greatly undermined our society’s well–being, so widening the gap between the highest rungs of the social system and the poorest ones that we are now the Eurozone with the highest degree of social inequality.The purpose of this editorial is not to diagnose the situation, but rather to contribute information about the key aspects of the “storm” and to offer some criteria to evaluate it, keeping in mind the policies and measures adopted by the EU and the UME and their consequences, and concentrating particularly on our own country. Through this information we offer a reﬂection on the key issues that can shed a light on how the Spanish scenario might develop and about some possible action plans for future orientation.
Associations of perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity with metabolic syndrome among Mexican-Americans adults: a cross sectional examination.

This secondary data analysis examined associations among perceived neighborhood environmental factors, physical activity (PA), and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Mexican–American (MA) adults. Seventy-five MA adults (mean age of 37.9 ± 9.3 years) provided anthropometric, biomarker, and survey data. The Neighborhood Scales Questionnaire evaluated six perceived neighborhood factors: walking environment, aesthetic quality, safety, violence, social cohesion, and activities with neighbors. The Rapid Assessment of PA questionnaire assessed PA. MS was determined according to ATP III criteria. PA was significantly associated with MS (OR = .338, CI .204–.738). Neighborhood factors of safety (B = .255, p = .024), walking environment (B = .384, p = .001), and social cohesion (B = .230, p = .043) were positively associated with PA. No other neighborhood factors were significantly related to PA. Analyses examining whether neighborhood factors moderated the relationship between PA and MS were not significant.
Maize lateral root developmental plasticity induced by mild water stress. II: Genotype-specific spatio-temporal effects on determinate development

Maize lateral roots exhibit determinate growth, whereby the meristem is genetically programmed to stop producing new cells. To explore whether lateral root determinacy is modified under water deficits, we studied two maize genotypes (B73 and FR697) with divergent responses of lateral root growth to mild water stress using an experimental system that provided near-stable water potential environments throughout lateral root development. First-order laterals of the primary root system of FR697 exhibited delayed determinacy when grown at a water potential of -0.28 MPa, resulting in longer and wider roots than in well-watered (WW) controls. In B73, in contrast, neither the length nor width of lateral roots was affected by water deficit. In water-stressed FR697, root elongation continued at or above the maximum rate in WW roots for 3 days longer, and was still 45% of maximum when WW roots approached their determinate length. Maintenance of root elongation was associated with sustained rates of cell production. In addition, kinematic analyses showed that reductions in tissue expansion rates with aging were delayed in the longitudinal, radial and tangential planes throughout the root growth zone. Thus, this study reveals large genotypic differences in the interaction of water stress with developmental determinacy of maize lateral roots.
PRE HYPERTENSION AMONG FIRST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS

Pre-hypertension is not a disease category rather it is a designation chosen to identify individuals at high risk of developing hypertension, so that both patients and clinicians are alerted to this risk and encouraged to intervene and prevent the disease from developing. It is a major risk factor for stroke and coronary heart diseases which is a contributor to onset and progression of chronic heart failure and chronic kidney failure in coming times, associated with many adverse outcomes. Method: The study type is cross sectional, conducted among 100 first year MBBS students. Blood pressure was measured in sitting posture using a standard sphygmomanometer by auscultatory method at interval of 5 minutes and mean of three readings were taken. Blood pressure was classified as per the Joint National Committee (JNC-VII). Statistical analysis was done to find out the prevalence of pre-hypertension among first year MBBS students. Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension came out to be 51%. Among gender the difference was significant with 63.15% (36) prevalence among males and 34.88% (15) prevalence among females.
Chapter 13: Technology vs. Mercury: The Metal That Scars Civilization

Both inorganic mercury and organic mercury compounds, including methyl mercury and ethyl mercury, are noxious pollutants known to cause deleterious neurological and cardiovascular effects in humans and profoundly affect the brains and development of infants and children (for review see Bernhoft RA. J Environ Public Health, 2012; Jung-Duck Park, Wei Zheng. J Prev Med Public Health. 45(6):344–352, 2012; Charles TD, Robert PM, Hing MC, Daniel JJ, Nicola P. J Prev Med Public Health 45(6):344–352, 2012; Bjorklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. Environ Res. 159:545–554: 2017; Counter SA, Buchanan LH, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 198(2):209–30, 2004). Mercury vapor released into the air from fossil fuel–generating plants and industrial processes can remain aloft for hours to days and be transported thousands of miles until it contaminates aquatic ecosystems and, ultimately, the world’s oceans. In contaminated aquatic environments, microbes convert inorganic mercury to organic mercury and the resultant compounds bioaccumulate in the aquatic food chain (Bernhoft RA. J Environ Public Health, 2012; Jung-Duck Park, Wei Zheng. J Prev Med Public Health. 45(6):344–352, 2012; Charles TD, Robert PM, Hing MC, Daniel JJ, Nicola P. J Prev Med Public Health 45(6):344–352, 2012; Bjorklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J. Environ Res. 159:545–554: 2017; Counter SA, Buchanan LH, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 198(2):209–30, 2004). This presents a serious risk worldwide as human fish consumption supports nutrition around the globe. Human exposure to inorganic mercury is generally through inhalation, whereas exposure to organic mercury is largely due to its consumption of organomercury-containing foodstuffs (Chang LW. J Toxicol Sci, 15(Suppl 4):125–51, 1990; Sunderland EM, Krabbenhoft DP, Moreau JW, Strode SA, Landing WM. Glob Biogeochem Cycles, 23(2):GB2010, 2009).Recently, U.S. federal regulatory requirements have spurred the development of technologies and changes in industrial practices in the U.S. and industrialized nations that have significantly reduced mercury levels in the air and organic mercury levels in fish (Griggs MB. Pop Sci, 2015; Lafontaine S, Schrlau J, Butler J, Jia Y, Harper B, Harris S, Bramer LM, Waters KM, Harding A. Environ Sci Technol, 2015; Cheng-Shiuan L, Molly EL, Emily C, Daniel JM, Robert MC, Nicholas SF. Environ Sci Technol, 2016). However, current rollbacks of regulations in industrialized nations and unregulated emissions from developing nations are once again increasing levels of airborne inorganic and waterborne organic mercury. It is critical for future generations to foster the development of better, cheaper, and more efficient technologies to limit mercury pollution and protect aquatic components of the world’s food supply.
Real-Time Bedside Root Cause Analysis (RCA) as a Catalyst for Clostridioides difficile Reduction

Background: C. difficile infection has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality over the past decade. Our hospital had rates of hospital-onset, laboratory-identified, C. difficile infection (HO-CDI) that were significantly higher than our state and national benchmarks. HO-CDI is defined as a test positive for C. difficile occurring on or after day 4 of hospitalization, regardless of the presence of symptoms. New leadership at the hospital sought a creative way to engage staff in finding solutions to our high rates of HO-CDI. Objective: The purpose of this intervention was to engage frontline staff in reporting and solving patient care situations that may increase infection risk to decrease HO-CDI rates. Methods: Starting in July 2015, real-time bedside RCAs were performed weekly for any HO-CDI on the unit to which the infection was attributed and on any unit from which the patient had been recently transferred. Top clinical leadership of the hospital, and all services and departments, physicians, nurses, and others involved with the patient’s care were expected to attend and identify factors that may have contributed to the infection. The findings were documented, and changes to care were made based on the findings. The rate of incident hospital onset HO-CDI per 10,000 patient days was used to measure outcome because standardized infection ratios for the period before 2016 were not available. Results: Staff members suggested 6 specific actions that were undertaken to decrease HO-CDI risk (Table 1). The HO-CDI rate during the preintervention period (2012–2014) was 6.85 per 10,000 patient days (275 cases). In the postintervention period (2016–2018) the HO-CDI rate was 3.13 per 10,000 patient days (101 cases). There was a 54% reduction in the HO-CDI rate in the postintervention period (P < .001). Conclusions: The multidisciplinary bedside RCA process resulted in staff providing recommendations for actions to reduce HO-CDI risk. Implementation of staff suggestions resulted in a sustained, significant decrease in HO-CDI. Funding: None Disclosures: None