cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal relationships and the development of behavior problems in adolescents in urban schools: A longitudinal study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trajectories of behavioral problems for a sample of predominately minority adolescents (n = 212, 91% African-American and/or Hispanic, 45% boys, 55% girls) in a large, urban school district and to determine the impact of parental and peer relationships, gender, and risk status on their development during middle and high school. Multi-level growth modeling was the primary statistical procedure used to track internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems across time. Results indicated that behavioral problems as rated by students’ teachers declined significantly for both boys and girls, a finding that is in direct contrast to previous studies of adolescent behavior. The quality of parental relationships was a strong predictor of both types of behavior whereas the quality of peer relationships predicted only internalizing behavioral symptoms. These findings suggest that behavioral trajectories may be somewhat unique for this population underscoring the need for additional research in this area. The findings also have implications for intervening with children and youth who display behavioral problems during critical developmental periods.
Measures of pain and physical function in patients with low back pain

The main aim of this study was to determine whether experimentally induced pain (EXP) and simple tests of physical function can augment the assessment of patients with low back pain (LBP). A second...
Climatic limits of pink bollworm in Arizona and California: effects of climate warming

Abstract The distribution and abundance of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (PBW)) in cotton in Arizona and California was examined using a validated weather-driven, physiologically based demographic model of cotton and PBW integrated into a geographic information system (GIS). Survival of diapause larvae during winter as affected by low temperatures is a key factor determining the range of PBW. Winter survival was estimated using data from Gutierrez et al. (Can. Entomol. 109 (1977) 1457) and Venette et al. (Environ. Entomol. 29 (5) (2000) 1018). The model was run continuously over the period 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2003 using observed weather data from 121 locations. Three output variables were mapped as measures of PBW persistence: over-winter survival of diapause PBW larvae, cumulative daily PBW larval densities over the season, and the number of diapause larvae produced during the season. The distribution of pink bollworm is predicted to be restricted to the relatively frost-free cotton growing areas of Arizona and Southern California where it currently reaches pest status. The model predicts that extension of PBW's range into the Central Valley of California is unlikely. The analysis questions the efficacy of an ongoing area-wide effort to prevent the establishment of PBW in the Central Valley of California. Four global warming scenarios were examined to estimate the effects on the potential geographic range of PBW. Average observed daily temperatures were increased 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 °C, respectively, in the four scenarios. Scenarios with average increases of 1.5–2.5 °C predicted that the range of PBW would expand into the Central Valley of California and the severity of the pest would greatly increase in areas of current infestation.
Sturge-Weber syndrome with no leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by a facial nevus flammeus associated with seizures, developmental delay, and, often, with hemiparesis and hemianopia. On MRI, the most characteristic finding has been reported to be leptomeningeal enhancement, believed to represent leakage of contrast medium through the anomalous pial vessels that characterize the disease. We present a case of SWS with no evidence of leptomeningeal enhancement. This case illustrates that leptomeningeal enhancement need not be present in SWS, and the absence of this characteristic finding does not preclude the diagnosis.
Next-gen sequencing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii at Nashville General Hospital at Meharry

Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a nonfermentative Gramnegative bacillus, which easily acquires antibiotic resistance determinants and causes life-threatening nosocomial infections [1]. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains are common therefore, empirical treatment choices are limited. More knowledge is needed regarding genetic diversity patterns and resistance phenotypes in a given clinical setting. Our goal is to identify the resistance genotypes of A. baumanii at Nashville General Hospital and correlate them with MDR phenotypes [1].
The Ashkenazi Jewish Fanconi anemia mutation: incidence among patients and carrier frequency in the at-risk population.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease for which at least four complementation groups exist. Recently the gene that corrects the defect in Fanconi anemia complementation group C cells (FACC) has been cloned. We have previously identified a common mutation in the FACC gene, which accounts for a majority of FA cases in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. We here describe the use of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization to determine the frequency of this mutation among additional Jewish FA patients and to determine the carrier frequency in the Jewish population. The common IVS4 + 4A T allele was found on 19/23 (83%) Jewish FA chromosomes, indicating that it is indeed responsible for most cases of FA among Ashkenazi Jews. The carrier frequency was 2/314 for Jewish individuals and the mutant allele was not detected in 130 non-Jewish controls. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Notes from the AmericanSociety of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting

L AST OCTOBER, key ASPAN leaders attended the 1999 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Annual Meeting in Dallas, TX. Vice President/President Elect Nancy Saufl, Public Relations and Marketing Chair Susan Shelander, Executive Director Kevin Dill, ASPAN member and Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Board member David Wharton. member Mary Mulkay, and Interim JoPAN Editor Denise O'Brien met for the opening ceremonies on October 10 as President Myrna Mamaril was introduced to the House of Delegates and officers of the ASA. On subsequent days, the ASPAN members staffed an ASPAN booth in the Scientific Exhibit area, visited and met with exhibitors, attended lectures and presentations, and participated an meetings of the Anesthesia Care Team and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. Each year at the ASA annual meeting, research findings are presented. Once again, we will highlight some of those findings on these pages, those of greatest interest to perianesthesia nurses. To read more about the annual meeting, review abstracts of poster presentanons, and for general information about the ASA, you can visit the ASA web site at http://www.asahq.org.
Strangers to Relatives: The Adoption and Naming of Anthropologists in Native North America.

Strangers to Relatives: The Adoption and Naming of Anthropologists in Native North America. Sergei Kan. ed. Lincoln; University of Nebraska Press, 2001. 270 pp.
The design of the baseband processor of a non-coherent UWB receiver

The design of the baseband processor for a non-coherent ultra-wideband receiver is presented. The design integrates all functions necessary for a stand-alone UWB receiver including packet detection and symbol synchronization. The design does not require any high-speed ADCs, but instead relies on simple circuits in the analog domain to acquire the packet and track the incoming data stream. The design provides extensive feedback to the host system about channel conditions and signal strength. The design has been implemented in a 0.18 [m process with a baseband power consumption of 3.5 mW.
Differential feed intake responses to central corticotrophin releasing factor in lines of chickens divergently selected for low or high body weight

Effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) on feed intake were evaluated in two lines of White Plymouth Rock chickens that have been selected from a common base population for high (HWS) or low (LWS) juvenile body weight. Both lines responded with reduced feed intake after ICV CRF; however, the threshold of response was lower in line LWS than HWS. Additionally, the effects of two receptor antagonists, astressin and alpha-helical CRF (9-41; alpha-CRF), and the effect of CRF fragment 6-33, (which displaces CRF from its binding protein), were evaluated in these lines. Although all three antagonists increased feed intake in line LWS but not line HWS, they attenuated the appetite-reducing effects of CRF only in line HWS. Peripheral plasma corticosterone concentrations after an acute stressor were higher in line LWS than in line HWS. These data support the thesis of correlated responses in the CRF system to selection for high or low juvenile body weight. These differences may contribute to differential feed intake, and hence altered body weights.
Impact of Hillslope-Scale Organization of Topography, Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature, and Vegetation on Modeling Surface Microwave Radiation Emission

Microwave radiometry will emerge as an important tool for global remote sensing of near-surface soil moisture in the coming decade. In this modeling study, we find that hillslope-scale topography (tens of meters) influences microwave brightness temperatures in a way that produces bias at coarser scales (kilometers). The physics underlying soil moisture remote sensing suggests that the effects of topography on brightness temperature observations are twofold: 1) the spatial distribution of vegetation, moisture, and surface and canopy temperature depends on topography and 2) topography determines the incidence angle and polarization rotation that the observing sensor makes with the local land surface. Here, we incorporate the important correlations between factors that affect emission (e.g., moisture, temperature, and vegetation) and topographic slope and aspect. Inputs to the radiative transfer model are obtained at hillslope scales from a mass-, energy-, and carbon-balance-resolving ecohydrology model. Local incidence and polarization rotation angles are explicitly computed, with knowledge of the local terrain slope and aspect as well as the sky position of the sensor. We investigate both the spatial organization of hillslope-scale brightness temperatures and the sensitivity of spatially aggregated brightness temperatures to satellite sky position. For one computational domain considered, hillslope-scale brightness temperatures vary from approximately 121 to 317 K in the horizontal polarization and from approximately 117 to 320 K in the vertical polarization. Including hillslope-scale heterogeneity in factors effecting emission can change watershed-aggregated brightness temperature by more than 2 K, depending on topographic ruggedness. These findings have implications for soil moisture data assimilation and disaggregation of brightness temperature observations to hillslope scales.
Somatomedin and thyroid hormones in the developing chick embryo.

Embryonic chick cartilage is used to detect somatomedin activity, however, the presence of somatomedin in the developing embryo has not been reported. We have shown that thyroid hormones stimulate somatomedin activity in the rat. This study com- pares changes in thyroid hormones and somatomedin in the developing chick embryo. Somatomedin activity, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T,) were determined in sera obtained from embryonic chicks on Days 10 through 19 of incubation and from young adult chickens. Somatomedin was determined by bioassay which measures the sulfate incorpora- tion into pelvic cartilage of 12-day-old chick embryos. T, and T, were determined by radioimmunoassay . Somatomedin activity was not detected in 10- to 12-day-old embryos, was measurable at 13 days, and increased to a peak value at 15 days (potency of 0.93 compared to normal rat serum value of 1.0). No somatomedin was detected in the serum immediately prior to hatching or in young chicken serum. T, was not detected until Day 15 (0.42 pg T4/100 ml) and increased to 1.39 pg T,/lOO ml on Day 19. T3 was present in the serum throughout the study, with an increase occurring on Day 14 (51 ng TJlW ml). The appearance of somatomedin coincides with collagen formation and ossification in the chick embryo skeleton. The changes in thyroid hormone concentrations apparently do not influ- ence somatomedin in the chick embryo as has been demonstrated in the rat.
Demonstration of a 1.25 Gbps incoherent 2D-OCDMA communication platform with bit-to-bit code swapping

We present a 1.25 Gbps OCDMA testbed with 4 users communicating error-free via an optical bus. The system allows network security/eavesdropping studies using a novel transmitter/receiver design and fast bit-to-bit code swapping ability during transmission.
Maturational changes in the rhythms, patterning, and coordination of respiration and swallow during feeding in preterm and term infants

To study the coordination of respiration and swallow rhythms we assessed feeding episodes in 20 preterm infants (gestational age range at birth 26-33wks; postmenstrual age [PMA] range when studied 32-40wks) and 16 term infants studied on days 1 to 4 (PMA range 37-41wks) and at 1 month (PMA range 41-45wks). A pharyngeal pressure transducer documented swallows and a thoracoabdominal strain gauge recorded respiratory efforts. Coefficients of variation (COVs) of breath-breath (BR-BR) and swallow-breath (SW-BR) intervals during swallow runs, percentage of apneic swallows (at least three swallows without interposed breaths), and phase of respiration relative to swallowing efforts were analyzed. Percentage of apneic swallows decreased with increasing PMA (16.6% [SE 4.7] in preterm infants 35wks; 1.5% [SE 0.4] in term infants; p 35wks' PMA; 0.693 [SE 0.059] at <or=35wks' PMA). Phase relation between swallowing and respiration stabilized with increasing PMA, with decreased apnea, and a significant increase in percentage of swallows occurring at end-inspiration. These data indicate that unlike the stabilization of suck and suck-swallow rhythms, which occur before about 36 weeks' PMA, improvement in coordination of respiration and swallow begins later. Coordination of swallow-respiration and suck-swallow rhythms may be predictive of feeding, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Targeting of phospholamban by peroxynitrite decreases β-adrenergic stimulation in cardiomyocytes

Aims Peroxynitrite production increases during the pathogenesis of numerous cardiac disorders (e.g. heart failure). However, limited studies have investigated the mechanism through which peroxynitrite exerts anti-adrenergic effects. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of phospholamban (PLB), a critical excitation–contraction coupling protein, to the peroxynitrite-induced dysfunction. Methods and results Isolated myocytes from wild-type (WT, CF-1) and PLB knockout (PLB−/−) mice were stimulated at 1 Hz, and myocyte shortening and Ca2+ transients were simultaneously recorded. PLB phosphorylation was measured via western blot. Myocytes were superfused with isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, and SIN-1, a peroxynitrite donor. SIN-1 superfusion dramatically decreased isoproterenol-stimulated Ca2+ transients and myocyte shortening in WT myocytes. These effects were inhibited upon addition of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, FeTPPS. Surprisingly, SIN-1 had no functional effect on β-adrenergic-stimulated PLB−/− myocytes. Western blot analyses revealed that SIN-1 significantly decreased isoproterenol-stimulated PLBSer16 phosphorylation. Experiments with the protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, alleviated the SIN-1-induced functional effects and the decrease in PLB phosphorylation. Conclusions The peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 decreases β-adrenergic stimulation by reducing PLBSer16 phosphorylation via protein phosphatase activation. This peroxynitrite-induced decrease in PLB phosphorylation may be a key mechanism in the β-adrenergic dysfunction observed in many cardiomyopathies.
CONGRUENCES ON AN ORTHODOX SEMIGROUP VIA THE MINIMUM INVERSE SEMIGROUP CONGRUENCE

It is well known that the lattice Λ(S) of congruences on a regular semigroup S contains certain fundamental congruences. For example there is always a minimum band congruence β, which Spitznagel has used in his study of the lattice of congruences on a band of groups [16]. Of key importance to his investigation is the fact that β separates congruences on a band of groups in the sense that two congruences are the same if they have the same meet and join with β. This result enabled him to characterize θ-modular bands of groups as precisely those bands of groups for which ρ(ρ∨β, ρ∧β)is an embedding of Λ(S) into a product of sublattices.
A limitation to the use of a constructive approach in the stability analysis of fixed-point digital controllers

A limitation to the application of a constructive algorithm to the stability analysis of fixed-point digital controllers is demonstrated by an example. The particular system analyzed consists of a fixed-point PI digital controller regulating a first order process.
Applications of Neutron Scattering to Problems in Materials Science

Neutrons possess a number of attributes which make neutron scattering a powerful technique for the investigation of problems in materials science. These properties are discussed with emphasis on their importance to materials characterization. A number of recent experiments using neutron scattering will be described. These studies include the areas of damage accumulation; residual stress; porosity in ceramics; polymer chain configurations; phase changes. 35 references, 7 figures.
The fundamental thumb-tip force vectors produced by the muscles of the thumb

A rigorous description of the magnitude and direction of the 3D force vector each thumb muscle produces at the thumb-tip is necessary to understand the biomechanical consequences to pinch of a variety of paralyses and surgical procedures (such as tendon transfers). In this study, we characterized the 3D force vector each muscle produces at the thumb-tip, and investigated if these thumb-tip force vectors scaled linearly with tendon tension. In 13 cadaver specimens, we measured the output 3D thumb-tip force vector produced by each tendon acting on the thumb, plus two common tendon transfers, as a function of input tendon tension. After fixing the hand to a rigid frame, we mounted the thumb by configuring it in standardized key or opposition pinch posture and coupling the thumb-tip to a rigidly held 6 degree-of-freedom force/torque sensor. Linear actuators applied tension to the distal tendons of the four extrinsic thumb muscles, and to six Nylon cords reproducing the lines of action of (i) the four intrinsic thumb muscles and (ii) two alternative tendon transfers commonly used to restore thumb opposition following low median nerve palsy. Each computer-controlled linear actuator ramped tendon tension from zero to 1/3 of predicted maximal muscle force expected at each tendon, and back to zero, while we measured the 3D force vector at the thumb-tip. In test/re-test trials, we saw thumb-tip force vectors were quite sensitive to mounting procedure, but also sensitive to variations in the seating of joint surfaces. We found that: (i) some thumb-tip force vectors act in unexpected directions (e.g., the opponens force vector is parallel to the distal phalanx), (ii) the two tendon transfers produced patently different force vectors, and (iii) for most muscles, thumb-tip force vectors do not scale linearly with tendon tension--likely due to load-dependent viscoelastic tendon paths, joint seating and/or bone motion. Our 3D force vector data provide the first quantitative reference descriptions of the thumb-tip force vectors produced by all thumb muscles and two tendon transfers. We conclude that it may not be realistic to assume in biomechanical models that thumb-tip force vectors scale linearly with tendon tensions, and that our data suggest the thumb may act as a "floating digit" affected by load-dependent trapezium motion.
Analysis of the Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiotas as the Source of the Lung and Gastric Microbiotas in Healthy Individuals

No studies have examined the relationships between bacterial communities along sites of the upper aerodigestive tract of an individual subject. Our objective was to perform an intrasubject and intersite analysis to determine the contributions of two upper mucosal sites (mouth and nose) as source communities for the bacterial microbiome of lower sites (lungs and stom- ach). Oral wash, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)fluid, nasal swab, and gastric aspirate samples were collected from 28 healthy subjects. Extensive analysis of controls and serial intrasubject BALfluid samples demonstrated that sampling of the lungs by bronchoscopy was not confounded by oral microbiome contamination. By quantitative PCR, the oral cavity and stomach con- tained the highest bacterial signal levels and the nasal cavity and lungs contained much lower levels. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries generated from these samples showed that the oral and gastric compartments had the greatest species richness, which was significantly greater in both than the richness measured in the lungs and nasal cavity. The bacterial communities of the lungs were significantly different from those of the mouth, nose, and stomach, while the greatest similarity was between the oral and gastric communities. However, the bacterial communities of healthy lungs shared significant member- ship with the mouth, but not the nose, and marked subject-subject variation was noted. In summary, microbial immigration from the oral cavity appears to be the significant source of the lung microbiome during health, but unlike the stomach, the lungs exhibit evidence of selective elimination of Prevotellabacteria derived from the upper airways. IMPORTANCE We have demonstrated that the bacterial communities of the healthy lung overlapped those found in the mouth but were found at lower concentrations, with lower membership and a different community composition. The nasal microbiome, which was distinct from the oral microbiome, appeared to contribute little to the composition of the lung microbiome in healthy subjects. Our studies of the nasal, oral, lung, and stomach microbiomes within an individual illustrate the microbiological conti- nuity of the aerodigestive tract in healthy adults and provide culture-independent microbiological support for the concept that microaspiration is common in healthy individuals.
Managers’ Role in Systematic Risk: A Rejoinder to Chatterjee, Lubatkin, and Schulze (1999)

We revisit the role of the manager as implied by the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and address the three-decade discourse that has emerged in the Academy of Management Review concerning the responsibility of the manager. This discourse has embraced the conclusion that because CAPM only prices systematic risk and does not price unsystematic (firm-specific) risk, managers’ decisions and actions are not priced by CAPM. The management literature implies that because managers’ actions are not priced by CAPM, finance theory considers managers’ actions irrelevant. We demonstrate analytically that CAPM, and specifically systematic risk, does consider and price the role of the manager.
Claudin Proteins in Human Cancer: Promising New Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy

The tight junction proteins claudins are abnormally regulated in several human cancers. In particular, claudin-3 and claudin-4 are frequently overexpressed in several neoplasias, including ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Although the exact roles of these proteins in tumorigenesis are still being uncovered, it is clear that they represent promising targets for cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy.
Innovations and adaptations in trabeculectomy.

Purpose of reviewThis article examines the current literature reporting updates on trabeculectomy techniques, complications, and cost–effectiveness.Recent findingsTrabeculectomy continues to be the standard for glaucoma surgery when a low intraocular pressure is required. Recent publications describ
Na+ transport and pH in principal cells of frog skin: effect of antidiuretic hormone

Intracellular pH (pHi), apical membrane potential (Va), and fractional apical membrane resistance (FRa) were measured in principal cells of isolated frog skin (Rana pipiens) with double-barreled microelectrodes under short-circuit conditions. Basolateral exposure to 10 mU/ml arginine vasotocin (AVT) depolarized Va by 30 mV, decreased FRa by 33%, increased short-circuit current (Isc) by 17 microA, and increased pHi by 0.17 pH units. The response of Va, Isc, and pHi occurred concurrently. Forskolin, theophylline, and 8-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate caused similar changes in Va, Isc, and pHi. The enhanced response of Isc, Va, and FRa to short pulses of apical amiloride applied during AVT or cAMP exposure suggests an increase in apical Na+ conductance. The presence of cAMP agonists also enhanced the response of pHi to amiloride. We conclude that the AVT- and cAMP-induced increase in Na+ transport across the apical cell membrane is associated with a change in pHi. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in pHi may play a role in the second messenger cascade initiated by the antidiuretic hormone.
A sociocultural barrier to establishing therapeutic rapport: a problem in the treatment of narcotic addicts.

(1974). A Sociocultural Barrier to Establishing Therapeutic Rapport: A Problem in the Treatment of Narcotic Addicts. Psychiatry: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 216-220.
Homography based visual servo control with scene reconstruction

Homography based visual servoing is an approach that blends image based feedback with feedback that is reconstructed from the image to control an autonomous system to move along a desired trajectory. Adaptive control methods have been previously developed by compensating for an unknown parameter (i.e., the depth of a feature) in the dynamics, where persistence of excitation assumptions are used for parameter identification. Rather than assume persistent excitation, an augmented adaptive update law that uses recorded data is utilized in this paper to guarantee exponential tracking and parameter identification with only finite excitation. By identifying the depth parameter, the structure of the scene can be reconstructed, enabling simultaneous mapping and control.
The It Girls Overnight Retreat: An iSchool Recruitment Model for Prospective Female Undergraduate Students

Responding to the well-known need for more women in computing and information science, the Syracuse iSchool offers a powerful and replicable solution: The It Girls Overnight Retreat. This intensive, peerfocused program combines mentoring with a specifically designed curriculum to engage, inspire, and celebrate young women and their potential in the information industry. First piloted in 2011, the iSchool received college applications from 50% of the seniors in attendance and 11 of them became matriculated students. The event model was then enhanced with research-based assessment tools, activities for parents and high school counselors, and the inclusion of barrier-breaking female role models. In Fall 2012, the second-annual event attracted 93 high school juniors and seniors from 43 high schools across 6 states. For the iConference, Syracuse will report on recruitment results, pre- and post-survey data results from the attendees, and best practices for peer institutions with a desire to replicate the event.
Assessing mental health clinicians’ intentions to adopt evidence-based treatments: reliability and validity testing of the evidence-based treatment intentions scale

Intentions play a central role in numerous empirically supported theories of behavior and behavior change and have been identified as a potentially important antecedent to successful evidence-based treatment (EBT) implementation. Despite this, few measures of mental health clinicians’ EBT intentions exist and available measures have not been subject to thorough psychometric evaluation or testing. This paper evaluates the psychometric properties of the evidence-based treatment intentions (EBTI) scale, a new measure of mental health clinicians’ intentions to adopt EBTs. The study evaluates the reliability and validity of inferences made with the EBTI using multi-method, multi-informant criterion variables collected over 12 months from a sample of 197 mental health clinicians delivering services in 13 mental health agencies. Structural, predictive, and discriminant validity evidence is assessed. Findings support the EBTI’s factor structure (χ 2 = 3.96, df = 5, p = .556) and internal consistency reliability (α = .80). Predictive validity evidence was provided by robust and significant associations between EBTI scores and clinicians’ observer-reported attendance at a voluntary EBT workshop at a 1-month follow-up (OR = 1.92, p < .05), self-reported EBT adoption at a 12-month follow-up (R 2 = .17, p < .001), and self-reported use of EBTs with clients at a 12-month follow-up (R 2 = .25, p < .001). Discriminant validity evidence was provided by small associations with clinicians’ concurrently measured psychological work climate perceptions of functionality (R 2 = .06, p < .05), engagement (R 2 = .06, p < .05), and stress (R 2 = .00, ns). The EBTI is a practical and theoretically grounded measure of mental health clinicians’ EBT intentions. Scores on the EBTI provide a basis for valid inferences regarding mental health clinicians’ intentions to adopt EBTs. Discussion focuses on research and practice applications.
Countermeasures for Solving Problems in Private Ventures' Development of China

During the process of private ventures' development of our country exist poor recognition of brand, family - system management, difficulty in financing capital and so on. Private - run enterprises must implement famous brand strategy, turn family management into firm - system management and solve the problems of financing the capital.
Transforming Lepidopteran Insect Cells for Continuous Recombinant Protein Expression

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely used to produce large quantities of recombinant proteins. However, the yields of extracellular and membrane-bound proteins obtained with this system are often very low, possibly due to the adverse effects of baculovirus infection on the host insect cell secretory pathway. An alternative approach to producing poorly expressed proteins is to transform lepidopteran insect cells with the gene of interest under the control of promoters that are constitutively active in uninfected cells, thereby making cell lines that continuously express recombinant protein. This chapter provides an overview of the methods and considerations for making stably transformed lepidopteran insect cells. Techniques for the insertion of genes into continuous expression vectors, transfection of cells, and the selection and isolation of stably transformed Sf-9 clones by either colony formation or end-point dilution are described in detail.
Patenting the Social: Alice, Abstraction, & Functionalism in Software Patent Claims

This article addresses a troublesome development in patent claiming practices for computer-implemented inventions: the staking out of broad, functionally-worded property boundaries around the social dimensions of human beings. The legal and sociological concerns that this development raises have not gone completely unnoticed in academia or in the judiciary, but the dominant focus on innovation policy in patent scholarship and jurisprudence has meant that such concerns have remained largely unaddressed. The troublesome development and attendant concerns may be seen most clearly in the case of social networking patents, a new category of patents classified separately by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) since 2010. Despite the Roberts Court’s active policing of patentability jurisprudence, the doctrinal guidance around patent eligibility – particularly the judicial exception prohibiting the granting of patents where patent claims are irremediably “abstract” – has been helplessly unclear, and largely orthogonal to the problem of functionalism in patent claim drafting. Functional claim drafting enables property claims articulated in patents to extend to the goals or outcomes of a particular technology, rather than to the technical means alone by which those outcomes are accomplished. Where the technology involves social relationships and social activities, as is the case with internet-based social networking, the outcomes being claimed involve the social dimensions of human beings. In the last part of this article, I draw on theoretical developments within sociology to make two normative arguments. First, I argue that historical efforts in sociological theory to overcome functionalism may be helpful in providing a language to inform doctrinal articulations of the criteria for patent eligibility. Requiring patent applicants to articulate the efficient causal process by which their innovative technology accomplishes a novel and non-obvious outcome (and thereby solves a particular problem in the relevant art) will simultaneously address both the “abstraction” problem and the functionalism problem, and it will provide a language for addressing these problems that has so far been missing from the doctrinal development. Second, I make a vigorous legal, sociological, and moral case for the development of categorical prohibitions against patents directed to the social dimensions of human beings. I argue that the economic growth enabled by technological innovation is a significant social good, and one that we should take very seriously; however, it is a social good that must be balanced against other social goods – such as human freedom, dignity, and legal equality – to which we are also constitutionally committed.
Integrating Games Into the Artworld: A Methodology and Case Study Exploring the Work of Jason Rohrer

The game designer Jason Rohrer has self-identified as an artist. By doing so enters his work into a critique process that, according to James Elkins, dates back to the Romantic period in which arti...
Abstract 157: Single-cell DNA sequencing identifies a late dissemination model in metastatic colorectal cancer

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a devastating disease with only 11% 5-year survival rate for stage IV patients. The genomic basis of metastasis has been difficult to study, in part due to the extensive intratumor heterogeneity at both the primary and metastatic tumor sites. Previous studies have applied bulk next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods, which have limited ability to resolve intratumor heterogeneity. To address this problem, we developed a highly-multiplexed single cell DNA sequencing method that combines flow-sorting of single nuclei, multiple-displacement-amplification, low-input library preparation, library barcoding, targeted capture and NGS to generate high-coverage data from single tumor cells. To increase throughput, we performed targeted single-cell DNA sequencing using a panel of 201-cancer genes to analyze single cells from primary tumors and liver metastases from two mCRC patients. In each patient, we sequenced 90 single tumor cells from the primary and metastatic tumor, to delineate the clonal architecture of the tumor and reconstruct their phylogenetic lineages. In addition, we sequenced populations of tumor cells at high coverage depth (200X). Our data identified a large number of nonsynonymous mutations that evolved in the root nodes during the earliest stages of primary tumor evolution and were maintained in all single cells during the clonal expansion of the tumor mass. We also identified a small number of mutations that were specific to the liver metastases, which are likely to play an important role in metastatic dissemination. Using the single cell data, we constructed phylogenetic trees, which revealed branched evolution at both organ sites. Collectively, our data suggest that both mCRC patients are consistent with a late-dissemination model, in which the primary tumors evolved for a long period of time prior to the dissemination of clones to distant organ sites. This model has important clinical implications, by suggesting that surgical intervention or therapeutic treatment of the primary CRC tumor can prevent metastasis, since single tumor cells do not disseminate at the earliest stages of tumor growth Citation Format: Marco L. Leung, Anna Casasent, Yong Wang, Emi Sei, Nicholas Navin. Single-cell DNA sequencing identifies a late dissemination model in metastatic colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 157.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperproliferation and metabolic shift triggered by pulmonary overcirculation

Vascular cell hyperproliferation and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). An important cause of PAH in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF). To better characterize this disease course we studied early changes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and metabolism using a unique ovine model of pulmonary overcirculation. Consistent with PAH in adults, PASMCs derived from 4-wk-old lambs exposed to increased PBF (shunt) exhibited increased rates of proliferation. While shunt PASMCs also exhibited significant decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, membrane potential, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function, suggesting a switch to Warburg metabolism as observed in advanced PAH in adults, they unexpectedly demonstrated decreased glycolytic lactate production, likely due to enhanced flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This may be a response to the marked increase in NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity and decreased NADPH/NADP+ ratios observed in shunt PASMCs. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of Nox activity preferentially slowed the growth of shunt PASMCs in vitro. Our results therefore indicate that PASMC hyperproliferation is observed early in the setting of pulmonary overcirculation and is accompanied by a unique metabolic profile that is independent of HIF-1α, PDHK1, or increased glycolytic flux. Our results also suggest that Nox inhibition may help prevent pulmonary overcirculation-induced PAH in children born with CHD.
Extension of the QuikSCAT Sea Ice Extent Data Set With OSCAT Data

The Ku-band Oceansat-2 Scatterometer (OSCAT) is very similar to the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), which operated from 1999 to 2009. OSCAT continues the Ku-band scatterometer data record through 2014 with an overlap of 19 days with QuikSCAT’s mission in 2009. This letter discusses a particular climate application of the time series for sea ice extent observation. In this letter, a QuikSCAT sea ice extent algorithm is modified for OSCAT. Gaps in OSCAT data are accounted for and filled in to support sea ice extent mapping. The OSCAT sea ice extent data are validated with QuikSCAT and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager sea ice extent data.
Integrating Musculoskeletal Education and Patient Care at Medical Student-Run Free Clinics.

Abstract Background Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) have emerged as an important educational component of United States (U.S.) medical schools. Despite the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) problems presenting to SRFCs, students and clinics are often unprepared to diagnose and to treat common MSK complaints. Objective We sought to determine the scope of diagnosis and treatment at a medical student−run free clinic specializing in musculoskeletal care using physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents. Secondary goals included reviewing student satisfaction and determining the appropriateness of the clinic in medical education. Design Retrospective chart review, anonymous online survey. Setting Primary care, free student clinic affiliated with tertiary academic medical center. Participants A total of 20 medical student volunteers, 6 PM&R residents, and 91 community patients. Methods We established a musculoskeletal clinic as a specialty referral clinic for the 2 primary care SRFCs with institutional support from a partner medical school. We then reviewed clinical operations retrospectively using electronic medical records and student satisfaction based on an online survey. Main Outcome Measurements We analyzed patient demographics and chief complaints, referrals provided, and medical services rendered. We also used a 5-point Likert scale to assess student satisfaction. Results A monthly musculoskeletal referral clinic was established with the oversight of PM&R attendings and residents. The clinic received 91 referrals and managed 61 unique patients over a 2.5-year study period. The most common presentations to the clinic involved knee pain (n = 17, 27.9%) and back pain (n = 16, 26.2%). Pro bono relationships with community and institutional partners enabled all patients to receive medical examinations, physical therapy visits, plain film radiographs, and insurance consultations free of charge. Student satisfaction with teaching and patient care was high, with 19 of 20 students reporting their experience as "good" or "excellent." Conclusions SRFCs represent an underused opportunity to enhance MSK education among medical students by treating a variety of common MSK complaints in an underserved population. Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Regulation of T cell trafficking by enzymatic synthesis of O-glycans

Selectins constitute a family of oligosaccharide binding proteins that play critical roles in regulating the trafficking of leukocytes. In T cells, L-selectin (CD62L) controls the capacity for naive and memory T cells to actively survey peripheral lymph nodes, whereas P- and E-selectin capture activated T cells on inflamed vascular endothelium to initiate extravasation into non-lymphoid tissues. The capacity for T cells to interact with all of these selectins is dependent on the enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans and thus, this protein modification plays an indispensable role in regulating the distribution and homing of both naive and previously activated T cells in vivo. In contrast to neutrophils, O-glycan synthesis is highly dynamic in T cell populations and is largely controlled by extracellular stimuli such as antigen recognition or signaling though cytokine receptors. Herein, we review the basic principles of enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans, discuss tools and reagents for studying this type of protein modification, and highlight our current understanding of how O-glycan synthesis is regulated and subsequently impacts the trafficking potential of diverse T cell populations.
Time, Labour, Texts: New English Teachers' Selective Use of Instructional Documents

The purpose of this article is to examine how new Saskatchewan secondary school English Language Arts teachers, under the pressure of substantial time demands, make decisions about what texts and corresponding instructional practices to use in their classrooms. The intent of this analysis is to understand why new English Language Arts teachers regularly reuse curricular materials from their colleagues and embed them in instructional practices that often run counter to their espoused philosophies of education. My analysis of this process of the reproduction of texts and practices in new teachers’ classrooms is anchored in a critical sociological perspective of schooling. I examine the relation between seemingly liberal provincial policies of teacher autonomy and curricular implementation, the role of time demands on the use of curricular materials, and the connection between the need for resources and structural demands on teacher work. I conclude by arguing the need for further research into the circulation of physical resources in schools and their impact on teacher instruction.
Changes in Ownership Breadth and Capital Market Anomalies

We investigate how the interaction of entries and exits of informed institutional investors with market anomaly signals affects strategy performance. The long legs of anomalies earn more positive alphas following entries, while the short legs earn more negative alphas following exits. The enhanced anomaly-based strategies of buying stocks in the long legs of anomalies with entries and shorting stocks in the short legs with exits outperform the original anomalies, with an increase of 19-90 bps per month in the Fama-French five-factor alpha. The entries and exits of institutional investors capture informed trading and earnings surprises, thereby enhancing the anomalies.
Removal of the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii (Amur Honeysuckle), from a Headwater Stream Riparian Zone Shifts Taxonomic and Functional Composition of the Aquatic Biota

Riparian plant invasions can result in near-monocultures along stream and river systems, prompting management agencies to target invasive species for removal as an ecological restoration strategy. Riparian plant invaders can alter resource conditions in the benthos and drive bottom-up shifts in aquatic biota. However, the influence of management activities on the structure and function of aquatic communities is not well understood. We investigated how removal of a riparian invader, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), influenced aquatic macroinvertebrate community functional and taxonomic diversity in a headwater stream. We hypothesized that removal of L. maackii from invaded riparia would result in (H1) increased aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance, density, and diversity; (H2) a taxonomic and functional shift in community composition; and, in particular, (H3) increased functional diversity. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly from autumn 2010 to winter 2013 in headwater stream riffles with a dense riparian L. maackii invasion and those where L. maackii had been experimentally removed. We found macroinvertebrate density was significantly higher in the L. maackii removal reach (P<0.05) and that macroinvertebrate community structure and functional trait presence was distinct between stream reaches and across seasons (P<0.05). The removal reach exhibited greater functional richness during spring and summer and had more unique functionally relevant taxa (20% and 85%) compared with the L. maackii reach (5% and 75%) during summer and autumn seasons. Our results suggest bottom-up processes link restoration activities in the riparian corridor and aquatic biota through alterations of functional composition in the benthic community.Nomenclature: Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.
Bilateral FDI Flows, Productivity Growth, and Convergence: The North vs. The South

Summary Controlling for the aggregation bias in FDI flows and the home and host country heterogeneity within and between Northern and Southern countries, we explore the effects of bilateral FDI flows on host country productivity growth, and on the productivity convergence dynamics between the host and the productivity-frontier country. Using bilateral FDI flows’ data from 108 host and 240 home countries over 1990–2012, and employing a variety of estimation techniques together with a rich battery of robustness tests, we find no significant effect of bilateral FDI flows on either host country productivity growth or on the productivity gap between the host and the frontier country. We also show that these findings are not sensitive to the direction of FDI flows, which are South-South, South-North, North-South or North-North. In a decomposition exercise, we also fail to find any significant effect of bilateral or aggregate FDI flows on physical capital growth. Yet, we find some evidence of a positive effect of FDI flows on human capital growth but just in one direction, South-South. Last but not least, we fail to find any productivity growth or convergence effect at the sectoral level, including agricultural, industry, or services sectors.