cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tangential discontinuities and the optical analogy for stationary fields. V, Formal integration of the force-free field equations

Abstract This paper demonstrates the appearance of tangential discontinuities in deformed force-free fields by direct integration of the field equation ▿ x B = αB. To keep the mathematics tractable the initial field is chosen to be a layer of linear force-free field Bx = + B 0cosqz, By = — B 0sinqz, Bz = 0, anchored at the distant cylindrical surface ϖ = (x 2 + y 2)1/2 = R and deformed by application of a local pressure maximum of scale l centered on the origin x = y = 0. In the limit of large R/l the deformed field remains linear, with α = q[1 + O(l 2/R 2)]. The field equations can be integrated over ϖ = R showing a discontinuity extending along the lines of force crossing the pessure maximum. On the other hand, examination of the continuous solutions to the field equations shows that specification of the normal component on the enclosing boundary ϖ = R completely determines the connectivity throughout the region, in a form unlike the straight across connections of the initial field. The field can escape...
The Right Choice: A Case Method for Taching Ethics in Marketing

This article outlines a useful methodology for incorporating ethics into the marketing classroom. Students are encouraged to explore the ramifications of a variety of marketing situations and determine the appropriate response for each. The exercise evolves into a discussion of the underlying justification for arriving at that particular decision. This pedagogical approach has proven useful in moving ethical decisions away from situation specific answers and toward internalized decisions.
Basal cell carcinoma: A comparison of shave biopsy versus punch biopsy techniques in subtype diagnosis

Abstract Background: There are two standard ways to obtain tissue for histologic classification of a clinically suspected basal cell carcinoma: shave and punch biopsy. However, information on the value of each method is limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify accuracy rates of two standard biopsy techniques in diagnosing subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of 86 cases were identified that had received either a punch or a shave biopsy with subsequent total excision of tumor. The biopsy specimens and excisions were compared for histologic correlation. Results: Analysis of specimens from punch and shave biopsies produced equivalent diagnostic accuracy rates: 80.7% and 75.9%, respectively. There was no statistically significant tendency to overcall or undercall any particular tumor subtype on the basis of the type of biopsy procedure used. Conclusion: For histologic classification of basal cell carcinoma, there is an approximately 80% accuracy rate with both the shave and the punch biopsy. Therefore either biopsy technique is appropriate. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:69-71.)
In-plane biaxial crushing of honeycombs—: Part II: Analysis

Abstract The in-plane biaxial crushing experiments on polycarbonate honeycomb presented in Part I are simulated using large scale finite element models. The models account for nonlinearities in geometry and due to contact while the polycarbonate is modeled as an elastic-powerlaw viscoplastic solid. Full-scale simulations of the uniaxial crushing of this honeycomb were shown in the past to reproduce experiments with accuracy. In biaxial crushing, it was not practical to model specimens the same size as those in the experiments due to computational limitations; instead, a smaller model with 10×11 cells was adopted. Results from simulations of seven of the crushing experiments in Part I with various biaxiality ratios are presented. Through parametric studies it is demonstrated that the size of the specimen and friction between the specimen and the loading surfaces affect the initial elastic parts of the stress–displacement responses and the onset of instability. By contrast, for average crushing strains higher than approximately 10%, their effect was relatively small and the calculated responses were in good agreement with the experimental ones. As a consequence, the energy absorption capacity was predicted to good accuracy for all biaxiality ratios. In addition, many of the modes of cell collapse seen in the experiment are reproduced in the simulations.
Radical Protestantism: The Apologetic Task

familiar one. It is used to avoid arguments about the meaning of neoorthodox, neo-conservative, neo-Protestant and all the other theological neophytes. In this discussion the term "radical Protestant" will be used to indicate those theological and philosophical thinkers who have gone to the root of the matter with their understanding of Protestantism by making faith basic to knowledge rather than knowledge basic to faith. Or to put it another way, the radical Protestant is one who takes the doctrine of
Legionella pneumophila community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a post-splenectomy patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Abstract Legionnaire’s disease is a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in normal hosts, but those with impaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and T-lymphocyte function are particularly predisposed to Legionella species CAP. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a disorder of the elderly that is associated with impaired CMI. Cases of MDS or Legionella species CAP are rare. Splenectomized patients primarily have impaired humoral immunity and B-lymphocyte function, and, to a lesser extent, some decrease in CMI. For this reason, Legionnaire’s disease has rarely been reported in splenectomized patients. We believe this to be the first reported case of Legionella pneumophila CAP in an asplenic patient with MDS.
The Occupational Therapist's Role with Workers' Compensation and the ADA: Successful Work Accommodations and Strategies for Employer and Service Provider Partnership.

In the United States, 4.9 million people in the working age population (18-65) are occupationally disabled. Yeater (1987) defined occupationally disabled as not able to work at the original job due to a work related injury. An additional 6.1 million Americans have secondary work limitations restricting the kind or amount of work that they can perform. Since 1990, the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act has created many beneficial avenues for people with disabilities. As the full impact of the ADA is realized, issues and challenges related to access, acceptance, integration, and equal opportunity have surfaced (Wells, 1994). This includes situations for employees who may find their vocational contributions affected while dealing with a temporary, chronic or permanent disability as a result of an on-the-job injury as a non-job related medical condition. In the same paradigm, the role of the occupational therapist in partnership with the employer is also optimized as he/she facilitates the employee’s functional contributions. This article will address briefly the parameters of Workers’ Compensation and how it correlates with the ADA. Implications of each for the employer will be described. Finally, the role of the occupational therapist in establishing and developing a program for assisting companies in the successful return
Orthogonal netted radar systems

An ONRS is a radar networking system consisting of multiple pulse compression radars with each transmitting a distinct coding signal exclusively from a group of orthogonal coding waveforms and equipped with a bank of parallel matched filters. The fundamental difference between ONRS and traditional netted radar systems is that ONRS is capable of operating as monostatic radars and multistatic radars simultaneously, to maximally increase the number of target echoes and thus to achieve much better radar performance through target information fusion processing. It has been further illustrated that the application of ONRS will not only significantly improve radar performance in target detection, measurement, and recognition, but also greatly enhance radar capabilities in countering anti-radar techniques such as ARM, high-speed highly-maneuvering targets, stealth targets, and electronic countermeasures. The key technologies and challenges for implementing ONRS have been identified as orthogonal coding signal design, interference rejection, overcoming Doppler shift effect, improving search efficiency, and optimizing ONRS configuration. An ONRS can be conveniently constructed from multiple slightly-modified monostatic radars, which renders the real-time formulation of m Ad-Hoc ONRS possible. Because ONRS is structurally compatible with traditional monostatic radar and have the potential to significantly improve radar performance, we expect that ONRS will become one of the most important forms of radar sensor in the near future.
Sensory Properties of Californian and Imported Extra Virgin Olive Oils

UNLABELLED Production and consumption of extra-virgin olive has been increasing in the United States, particularly in California. The objective of this study was to compare the sensory characteristics of 22 extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) from California, Italy, Spain, Chile, and Australia using a generic descriptive analysis. A total of 22 sensory attributes were identified and defined by the descriptive panel. With the exception of thick and citrus, all sensory attributes were significantly different among the oils. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) showed that California oils differed from some imported EVOOs, mainly by their absence of defects. A second analysis, of only those attributes included in the International Olive Council (IOC) official scorecard, provided a less detailed description of the samples and did not allow for a full characterization of the oils. While the IOC attributes allowed for faster classification in terms of clean versus defective EVOOs, the more comprehensive descriptive analysis provided both more information and a more refined classification of the samples. Variety and region of origin were important factors in the classification of both Californian and imported EVOOs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Measuring olive oil sensory quality using the IOC method-positive attributes of fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency, and defects including fusty, musty, winey, and rancid-allows for the certification of oils as extra virgin but it provides limited information on the sensory characteristics of the oils. A full descriptive profile, on the other hand, provides information that can be used by producers in the processing and marketing of their oils, and is a useful tool in the education of consumers about the wide range of (positive) sensory attributes in EVOO and the various sensory styles of EVOO.
Defining the Problem of Treating the Patient with Hypertension and Arthritis Pain

As osteoarthritis and hypertension coexist often in patients aged >60 years, the coadministration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with hypertension therapies is common practice in clinical medicine. Clinical trials in patients with arthritis have shown that many agents within the NSAID class may induce significant increases in systolic blood pressure, particularly when patients are using renin-angiotensin-blocking agents, beta-blockers, or diuretics as antihypertensives. The increases in blood pressure caused by NSAIDs are large enough to be of clinical concern. Sustained blood pressure elevations in the elderly are associated with increases in the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, congestive heart failure, and ischemic cardiac events. Recognition of the development of destabilization of blood pressure control in clinical practice and an awareness of those NSAIDs that place patients at risk for the development of hypertension could lead to reductions in cardiovascular morbidity.
THE GRANULAR-CELL AMELOBLASTOMA. REPORT OF A CASE.

Abstract A rare type of ameloblastoma has been discussed. This tumor is of special interest because of our lack of knowledge of cellular changes consistent with granular cells and “ghost” cells. These specific cellular changes warrant a special place for this tumor in the general classification of ameloblastomas.
Brillouin scattering in the layer compound GaSe

Abstract Brillouin scattering has been used to obtain the five independent elastic constants in the layer compound GaSe. The results show clear elastic anisotropy of the crystal. Resonant Brillouin scattering near the absorption edge has also been studied, but no resonant enhancement was found.
Vasopressin and renin response to dehydration in aged rats.

Abnormalities in neurohypophyseal function have been postulated to contribute to the alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance observed during aging. In this study, parameters of fluid and electrolyte balance were evaluated during chronic water deprivation in old (30 months) and young (3 months) Fischer 344 rats. The increases in serum vasopressin (VP) and renin concentrations observed in the 3 month animals following chronic water deprivation were absent in the aged rats (p<0.05 and p<0.02, respectively). This occurred in spite of apparently comparable alterations in fluid volume and osmolality (assessed by changes in body weight, hematocrit and plasma osmolality). Relative to body weight, VP content of the neural lobe was significantly reduced and was more severely depleted by dehydration in aged rats than in young rats. Thus, inadequate neurohypophyseal hormone stores may contribute to the inability of the aged animals to attain elevated serum VP concentrations during chronic stimulation. Several parameters of renal function were examined in the aged rats. Although none of the old rats were in renal failure, they all showed some indication of reduced renal function. In spite of renal abnormalities including reduced concentrating capabilities, the old rats did demonstrate a significant antidiuretic response to dehydration. However, with prolonged fluid deprivation, they were unable to attain serum VP or renin concentrations comparable to that achieved by the young rats.
Gas holdup in three-phase immobilized-cell bioreactors

A number of studies in the published literature deal with gas holdup in three-phase reactors. However, very few address the cases in which the solid density approaches that of the liquid phases and in which low gas velocities are involved. These conditions are commonly encountered in immobilized-cell bubble columns and in fluidized-bed bioreactors. This paper reports the effect of gas and liquid velocity upon gas holdup and bed expansion in fluidized-bed bioreactors. For liquid-fluidization of low-density alginate beads in the absence of gas, the terminal sedimentation velocity (vT) of the particles is a constant, and expansion of the bed follows Richardson and Zaki’s correlation. In the presence of gas, however, the apparent terminal sedimentation velocity value is affected by the velocity of the gas and liquid phases. For gas velocities above a minimum value, the calculated value of vT depends on liquid velocity only, and a constant bed expansion was observed for a range of gas and liquid flow rates. For the gas-liquid interactions, a modified drift-flux model was found to be valid. For superficial gas velocities between 5 and 17 cm/min, the modified drift-flux velocity was observed to be a function of gas velocity, suggesting the prevalence of a coalescence regime.
Biological correlates of northern-southern Italy differences in IQ

Abstract The present study was intended to provide perspective, albeit less than unequivocal, on the research of Lynn (2010) who reported higher IQs in the northern than southern Italian regions. He attributes this to northern Italians having a greater genetic similarity to middle Europeans and southern Italians to Mediterranean people. Higher regional IQ was associated with biological variables more characteristic of middle European than Mediterranean populations (cephalic index, eye color, hair color, multiple sclerosis rates, schizophrenia rates). It was maintained, however, that very confident and definitive inferences regarding genetic regional differences in IQ are not warranted. Social conceptualized variables also correlated significantly with IQ so as to suggest the importance of nutrition and economic developmental status more generally.
Hiding valuables: A questionnaire study of mnemonically risky behavior

A survey investigated incidences where individuals intentionally hid objects but later forgot the item's location. Surveys from 111 younger and 99 older adults yielded the following prototypical scenario: the person hid the valuable 1 year ago to prevent theft, and waited 1 month before an initial 30-minute search, which included looking in dresser drawers plus 1.5 other locations. The person made three additional searches (total searches = 4) for the missing valuable over a 2 week period. Three-quarters of the hidden valuables were eventually found (usually by accident) about 1 month after hiding the object. About half of the time, the person had already searched the hiding area. Older adults typically hid jewellery from thieves, while younger adults hid money from friends and relatives
The Pasture Aedes of Central and Northern California. Seasonal History

Aedes squamiger and A. dorsails breed on the intertidal marshes of the coast. The former, a univoltine species which undergoes obligate summer diapause, occupies the marshes primarily during the winter and early spring; its diapause appears irreversible and is terminated by low winter temperatures, perhaps also by shortened photoperiod. A. dorsalis, a multivoltine species, occupies the marshes primarily during the summer; winter dormancy of its eggs is believed to be a facultative diapause induced and terminated by environ- mental factors of which temperature is primarily important. A. nigromaculis and A. melanimon (= A. dorsalis in part of authors before 1955) are found in water resulting from intermittent irrigation in the inland valleys. Both were found to be multivoltine breeders which probably undergo an egg diapause similar to that of A. dorsalis. Except for insignificant overlapping, these two species occupy separate ecological niches in the same general environment and do not compete directly with one another.
Covert modeling, model similarity, and reduction of avoidance behavior

The present study investigated the effect of covert modeling in reducing snake avoidance. Covert modeling requires the subject to imagine a model rather than to observe a live or film model. Similarity of the covert model to the avoidant subject was examined in a 2×2 design combining two levels of fear-irrelevant model similarity (model of same age and sex as the subject versus model who was much older and of opposite sex) and fear-relevant model similarity (coping versus mastery model). In two sessions, subjects imagined scenes in which the covert model interacted with the feared stimulus. A no-model control group, which imagined fear-related scenes in the absence of a model, was included in the design. Fear-irrelevant similarity contributed reliably to avoidance reduction. A behavioral measure of avoidance and self-report measures of affect and attitudes indicated that imagination of a model similar in age and same sexed led to greater changes than a model dissimilar on these dimensions. Fear-relevant similarity led to few reliable changes in avoidance. The greatest vicarious learning tended to occur in subjects who imagined a model similar in fear-related and nonfear-related dimensions. The results were found at posttreatment and at a 2- to 3-week follow-up.
Reconstruction of possibilistic behavior systems

Abstract Reconstructability analysis is viewed as a process of investigating the possibilities of reconstructing desirable properties of overall systems from the knowledge of the corresponding properties of their various subsystems. The reconstructability analysis consists of procedures for generating meaningful reconstruction hypotheses, procedures for the evaluation of the reconstruction hypotheses, and procedures for making various decisions regarding the acceptance of evaluated reconstruction hypotheses, generation of additional reconstruction hypotheses, termination of the analysis and the like. The paper discusses the evaluation of reconstruction hypotheses when the systems under consideration are possibilistic behavior systems. It is shown that a principle of maximum ambiguity, similar to the principle of maximum entropy for probabilistic systems, can be used for possibilistic systems. It is also shown that the unbiased (maximum ambiguity) reconstruction can be determined by a simple join procedure, in a similar fashion as for probabilistic systems. The join procedure for possibilistic systems turns out to be computationally simpler than the one for probabilistic systems. The paper also describes a general procedure for determining the reconstruction family.
Removal of Resist Materials Using Acetic Acid

Polymer film removal from silicon surfaces was investigated using acetic acid at low temperatures. The polymer materials studied included poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(4-hydroxystyrene), and commercial positive photoresist (Shipley 1813). All polymer films studied were removed by acetic acid at 35°C, apparently by dissolution and in some cases, lift-off from the polymer-silicon interface. If an adhesion-promoting layer such as hexamethyldisilazane was applied to the silicon surface prior to polymer application, a thin carbon-based residue remained on the silicon surface as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A proposed solubility removal mechanism was investigated by using propionic and trifluoroacetic acids, since these acids possess different solubility and reactivity properties than acetic acid. Acetic acid was the most efficient for polymer removal and was capable of removing B + and P + ion-implanted (10 12 atoms/cm 2 ) photoresist.
Effects of Age on the Carotid Pulse in Two Greek Populations

Right carotid pulses were recorded from 795 men in Crete in 1960 and 593 men in Corfu in 1961, representing 95% and 86% of the males, aged 25 to 74 years, in selected areas of the two islands, both areas having remarkably low prevalence of atherosclerotic disease. Five years later carotid pulses were recorded from 677 (from Crete) and 410 (from Corfu) of the same subjects. Peak times became longer with age, reaching stable values in Corfu men in their thirties and in Crete men in their forties. Beyond this age, medians of peak times were 0.22 sec, and medians of relative peak times 24% in both areas. The relative height of the anacrotic break decreased linearly from a median value of 80 to 85% to 50 to 55% between the ages of 25 and 60 years in both areas. In general, the observed median 5-year (1960-1961 vs. 1965-1966) changes in pulse contours were similar to the differentiated groups at an earlier age than did the anacrotic break but the latter continued to be of differential value to a later age. Elev...
Lessons from a course on serious games research and prototyping

Serious games are an exciting new research area that combines expertise across a wide range of computing skills, from programming and software engineering to algorithms, problem solving, and networking with design skills. Teaching computing students to create effective games with a serious purpose within a semester can be quite challenging, even on a one on one basis. We present the structure, format, and outcomes from an experimental course in serious games research and prototyping conducted at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
State wetland protection legislation affecting forestry in the northeastern United States

Abstract A number of significant developments in wetland- and water-resource-protection legislation have occurred in the United States in recent years that affect forestry operations. Federal actions have in turn prompted increased activity at the state level. The history and current status of the federal statutes, and their interaction with state law, are reviewed. State statutes, local ordinances, and related institutional mechanisms designed to protect water quality and wetlands in the eleven northeastern states are then examined within the context of their relationship to forestry activities. The current status of the various approaches, as well as recent legislative initiativess, are addressed. Until fairly recently, most regulation in the northeast was not very restrictive except in certain limited circumstances. This situation is now rapidly changing, however. In addition, many of the laws and ordinances are conflicting, inconsistent, and overlapping, which causes confusion among woodland owners and loggers. In some cases, complex and rigid requirements add needless expense to forestry operations. It is evident that water-resource and wetland protection will continue as both national and state priorities. Forestry-sector input to the legislative and regulatory process in the northeastern United States will be crucial to maintaining a reasonable operating environment.
The influence of dietary protein on market barrows and gilts supplemented creatine monohydrate in conjunction with a high glycemic carbohydrate

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine if additional dietary protein improves the lean tissue deposition and carcass merit of pigs supplemented creatine monohydrate in combination with a high glycemic carbohydrate (dextrose). Forty-eight crossbred barrows and gilts (91 ± 0.18 kg) were blocked by sex assigned to 1 of 12 pens (4 pigs/pen, 16 pigs/treatment). Treatments included: control (CON; basal diet consisting of a ground corn–soybean base), combination diet (COMBO; basal diet supplemented with 0.92% creatine monohydrate and 2.75% dextrose), and a combination high protein diet (COMBOHP; COMBO formulated to contain a minimum of 16% crude protein). Barrows on the COMBOHP gained the least 10th rib fat and expressed the highest percentage fat-free carcass lean (P
Sp1 phosphorylation by Erk 2 stimulates DNA binding

EGF stimulates gene expression through a variety of signal transduction pathways that include the ras-Erk pathway. We have shown previously that EGF receptor activation stimulates gastrin gene expression through a GC-rich element called gERE. This element binds Sp1 family members and raises the possibility that the ras-Erk signal transduction cascade may target this novel EGF responsive element. Moreover, it is known that Erk 2 is capable of phosphorylating other mitogen-inducible transcription factors, e.g., Elk, Sap suggesting that Erk may also inducibly phosphorylate Sp1. To test this hypothesis directly using cotransfection experiments, we show thatrasand Erk 2 activation indeed target the gERE element. The Mek 1 kinase inhibitor, PD98059, blocks 50% of EGF-inducible gastrin promoter activity. Pretreatment of the extracts with recombinant Erk2 stimulated Sp1 binding; whereas dephosphorylation reduced but did not eliminate Sp1 binding. Together, these studies demonstrate the novel finding that inducible binding of Sp1 is regulated by its state of phosphorylation. Further, gastrin promoter activation is mediated in part by the ras-Erk signaling cascade that targets Sp1.
Empathic learning of a passive-avoidance response in domesticated Rattus norvegicus

Abstract Twelve experimental rats were exposed to demonstrator conspecifics learning to avoid physical contact with a lighted candle in an adjacent compartment. Control rats were also exposed to a lighted candle and a conspecific for comparable periods, but, in the control condition, the demonstrator animal could not contact the flame. Immediately after the exposure period a candle was placed in the observer animal's cage. The experimental rats made fewer physical contacts with the candle flame and learned to avoid the candle faster than control animals. These results indicate that domesticated rats learn a passive avoidance response faster after exposure to another animal acquiring the same response. A similar mechanism might account for the wild rat's ability to avoid traps and poisoned food.
Fundamental studies of nanoscale phenomena in ultraviolet photonic materials and devices

Femtosecond time-resolved and continuous wave optical techniques have been used to study fundamental nanoscale materials issues in III-nitride semiconductors relevant to the realization of high quality ultraviolet light emitters and photodetectors. It is demonstrated that compositional fluctuations in AlGaN active regions grown by plasma-assisted MBE can be employed to create nanoscale spatial localization that enhances the luminescence efficiency and PL lifetime (300-4(X) ps) despite high defect density (>10 10 cm -2 ) by inhibiting movement of carriers to nonradiative sites. Significant enhancement of this phenomenon has been obtained in a DH LED structure grown on a lower defect density (mid-10 9 cm -2 ) AlGaN template, with PL lifetime increased by nearly a factor of two, corresponding to a defect density in the mid-10 7 cm -2 range, and only a 3.3 times drop in PL intensity when the temperature is raised from 12 K to room temperature, suggesting up to ∼ 30% internal quantum efficiency. Femtosecond, time-resolved electroabsorption measurements of nanoscale high field transport in an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n diode show an onset of velocity overshoot at an electric field of -105 kV/cm for transport in the c-direction of wurzite GaN. Theoretical Monte Carlo calculations employing a full band structure indicate that at fields below -300 kV/cm this velocity overshoot is associated primarily with band nonparabolicity in the valley related to a negative electron effective mass. In addition, these calculations show that similar behavior is not expected for transport in the basal plane until much higher fields are attained, with important implications for the design of high power, high frequency electronics and avalanche photodetectors.
Two-dimensional field theory description of a disoriented chiral condensate.

We consider the effective (1+1)-dimensional chiral theory describing fluctuations of the order parameter of the disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) which can be formed in the central rapidity region in relativistic nucleus-nucleus or nucleon-nucleon collisions at high energy. Using (1+1)-dimensional reduction of QCD at high energies and assuming spin polarization of the DDC one can find the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model at the level [ital k]=3 as the effective chiral theory for the one-dimensional DDC. Some possible phenomenological consequences are briefly discussed.
Satellite geodesy: Interpretation

This report outlines the activity during the past 4 years in the area of interpreting geodetic data derived through procedures of satellite geodesy. No attempt has been made to synthesize the ideas of the various investigators; the report simply points out where the activity lies and briefly what it is. The procedures of dynamic satellite geodesy generally analyze the variations of the orbital elements of artifical satellites for various quantities of interest. Such analysis may yield estimates of the spherical harmonic coefficients of the earth's gravitational potential, their time variation, if any, observation station coordinates in a geocentric system, and other quantities on which the orbits and observation of satellites depend. Although many such quantities are of interest, in this paper we shall regard the potential coefficients and quantities derived from them as the basis for information that can be interpreted to learn more about the structure and behavior of the earth.
Is visual information integrated across saccades

After subjects established fixation on a target cross, 12 dots were presented parafoveally. When the dots were presented, the subjects made an eye movement to the location of the dots, and during the saccade the 12 initially presented dots were replaced by 12 other dots. The 24 dots were part of a 5 × 5 matrix, and the task of the subject was to report which dot was missing. The data were consistent with other recent studies: subjects could successfully report the location of the missing dot far above chance (54%), whereas performance in a control condition (in which the two sets of dots were presented to different spatial and retinal locations) was almost at chance level (10%). However, a number of control conditions demonstrated that the effect was due primarily to persistence from the phosphor of the cathode ray tube used for stimulus presentation and that little of the visual information integrated was across two fixations. Implications of the results for a theory of integration across saccades are discussed.
Doppler tomography of Algols

The technique of Doppler tomography has been influential in the study of mass transfer in Algol-type interacting binaries. The Algols contain a hot blue dwarf star with a magnetically-active late-type companion. In the close Algols, the gas stream flows directly into the photosphere of the blue mass-gaining star because it does not have enough room to avoid impact with that star. Doppler tomograms of the Algols have been produced from over 2500 time-resolved spectra at wavelengths corresponding to Hα, Hβ, He I (6678 A), Si II (6371 A) and Si IV (1394 ° A). These tomograms display images of accretion structures that include a gas stream, accretion annulus, accretion disk, stream-star impact region, and occasionally a source of chromospheric emission associated with the cool, mass-losing companion. Some Algol systems alternate between streamlike and disk-like states, and provide direct evidence of active mass transfer within the Algols. This work produced the very first images of the gas stream for the entire class of interacting binaries, and demonstrated that the Algols are far more active than formerly believed, with variability on time scales of weeks to months. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cascaded silicon-nitride integrated spectrometers for wideband high-resolution spectral interrogation

We report the demonstration of a cascaded configuration to realize wideband high-resolution spectrometers in silicon-nitride for the visible range. The cascaded configuration consists of an arrayed waveguide grating followed by a set of resonators and offers a flexibility to achieve the requirements of different sensing applications. We discuss some of the implementation issues of these structures. A preliminary demonstration shows the capability of such spectrometer devices to achieve ~0.1 nm wavelength resolution over 10 nm bandwidth in a compact device in a mm-scale device.
A Tissue type Transglutaminase in Human Seminal Plasma

Whyard TC, Ablin RJ. A tissue type transglutaminase in human seminal plasma. AJRI 1997; 38:391-399 © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Initial studies from this laboratory of human seminal plasma (SePI) permitted the presumptive identification of the participation of transglutaminase (TGase) and prostaglandins as principal molecules contributing to the immunoregulatory activity of SePI. As a step toward confirmation and extension of these studies, SePI TGase has been partially purified, characterized, and localized. METHOD OF STUDY: An enzyme-enriched and partially purified preparation of SeP1 TGase obtained by molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography and the polyclonal antibody to this preparation were characterized by enzymatic analysis and evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence (IF). RESULTS: A Ca 2+ -dependent, thrombin-independent, TGase enzyme from SePI was identified. A pH of 7.5 and a concentration of 2 mM calcium chloride were determined to be optimal for ascertaining the SePI TGase activity in a filter paper assay. Immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antibody prepared with a semipurified TGase preparation, concurrently comparing increasing serum dilution and enzyme activity, revealed a predominant protein band on SDS-PAGE of 83 kDa. IF studies using the polyclonal antibody on human prostate tissue showed reactivity with a variety of epithelial and stromal components. A significant (P < 0.05) correlation between the biochemical, i.e., enzyme activity of the SePI TGase active preparation, and immunologic activity, i.e., indirect IF staining titre of antibody to acinar epithelial cells and luminal contents, was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm and extend initial studies of the presumptive identification of a tissue type TGase associated with the immunoregulatory activity of human SePI and permit the characterization and immunohistologic localization of this macromolecule to the prostate. These observations provide a basis for further investigation of the immunoregulatory role of SePI and prostate TGase in the biology of reproduction and associated pathoses.
Response to “using contextual inquiry”

Although supportive of the discussed methods, this response to "Using Contextual Inquiry to Learn About Your Audience" suggests that potential users of this method should consider the inherent limits on generalizability, an alternate method with many of the same strengths, and the challenges to validity that any workplace research encounters.
Closed bone graft epiphysiodesis for avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis

Background Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capital femoral epiphysis (CFE) after an unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), femoral neck fracture or traumatic hip dislocation can result in severe morbidity. Treatment options for immature patients with AVN are limited, including a closed bone graft epiphysiodesis (CBGE). However, it is unclear whether this procedure prevents AVN progression.
A self-cognizant dynamic system approach for battery state of health estimation

Accurate estimation of the state-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) for an operating battery, as a critical task for battery health management, greatly depends on the validity and generalizability of battery models. Due to the variability and uncertainties involved in battery design, manufacturing, and operation, developing a generally applicable battery physical model is a big challenge. To eliminate the dependency of SoC and SoH estimation on battery physical models, this paper presents a generic data-driven approach for lithium-ion battery health management that integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) with a dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm. The ANN is trained offline to model the battery terminal voltages to be used by the DEKF. With the trained ANN, the DEKF algorithm is then employed online for SoC and SoH estimation, where voltage outputs from the trained ANN model are used in DEKF state-space equations to replace the battery physical model. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model-free approach for battery health management.
Curiosity rover finds evidence of Martian atmospheric loss

Researchers think that roughly 4 billion years ago, the atmosphere of Mars started to wither away, blasted into space by the solar wind and other forces. This atmospheric loss transformed Mars from a warmer and wetter planet to its current cold, arid state. As time progressed, Mars lost at least half but probably as much as 95% of its atmosphere.
Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Repair and Previous or Concomitant Abdominal Aortic Repair: Is the Increased Risk of Spinal Cord Ischemia Real?

Spinal cord ischemia after endovascular thoracic aortic repair remains a significant risk. Previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair may increase this risk. This investigation reviews the occurrence of spinal cord ischemia after endovascular repair of the descending thoracic aorta in patients with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. Over an 8-year period, 125 patients underwent endovascular exclusion of the thoracic aorta at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. Twenty-eight of these patients had previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. The 27 patients who underwent staged repairs all had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage during and following repair. This population was analyzed for the complication of spinal cord ischemia and factors related to its occurrence. Mean follow-up was 19.3 months (range 1-61). Spinal cord ischemia developed in four of the 28 patients (14.3%) who underwent endovascular thoracic aortic repair with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair, while one of 97 patients (1.0%) developed ischemia among the remaining thoracic endograft population. One patient with concomitant abdominal aortic repair developed cord ischemia that manifested 12 hr following the procedure. The remaining three patients with previous abdominal aortic repair developed more delayed-onset paralysis ranging from the third postoperative day to 7 weeks following repair. Irreversible cord ischemia occurred in three patients, with full recovery in one patient. Major complications from CSF drainage occurred in one patient (3.7%). Spinal cord ischemia occurred at a markedly higher rate in patients with previous or concomitant abdominal aortic repair. This risk continued beyond the immediate postoperative period. The benefit of perioperative and salvage CSF drainage remains to be determined.
Local-equilibrium formalism applied to mechanics of solids

Abstract The lecture starts with an expression of good wishes to George Herrmann on the occasion of his seventieth birthday and continues with a lament that the majority of research workers in the field of solid mechanics have failed to appreciate the power and relevance of “conventional” thermodynamics which is based on the acceptance of the hypothesis of local equilibrium (principle of local state). The lecture then proceeds to motivate the essential concepts of conventional thermodynamics and emphasizes the differences between the description of nonequilibrium states in physical space and equilibrium states in the Gibbsian phase space. It is asserted that the subject acquires its simplest form by the recognition of the relevance of Bridgman's internal variables. With their aid it is possible to define the accompanying equilibrium state and the accompanying reversible process . An elimination of internal energy between the field equation of energy (First Law) and the Gibbs equation in rate form results in an explicit expression for the local rate of entropy production. θ. It is asserted that the preceding elements supplemented with appropriate rale equations result in a closed system of partial differential equations whose solution, subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions, constitutes the process (“history”) under consideration.
Voice Rest Versus Exercise: A Review of the Literature

Voice rest is commonly prescribed after vocal fold surgery to promote wound healing of the vocal fold. Currently, there is no standard protocol that is established based on biological evidence. In orthopedic rehabilitation, long-term rest is found to be less effective for connective tissue healing than exercise. Connective tissue healing is also an important factor for successful voice rehabilitation; however, whether this concept can be extrapolated to voice rehabilitation is unknown. The purpose of this article is to review current clinical and basic science literature to examine the effect of voice rest in postsurgical rehabilitation. First, we present a summary of clinical literature that pertains to voice rest. Second, we present description of connective tissues that are involved in orthopedic and voice rehabilitation, specifically, ligament and lamina propria, respectively, and their wound healing process. Third, a summary of the literature from orthopedic research on the effect of rest versus exercise is presented. Lastly, it summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies that examined the effect of mechanical stress on vocal fold tissue. Current literature suggests that there is a lack of clinical evidence that supports a specific type and duration of voice rest, and extrapolation of the findings from orthopedic research may be unreasonable due to the morphological and biochemical difference between the tissues. To determine the effect of voice rest, further elucidation of vocal fold wound healing process and the effect of mechanical stress on vocal fold tissue remodeling are needed.
What is creativity: Teachers’ beliefs about creativity in students’ written stories

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ conceptual beliefs about creativity. Using the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT), 17 elementary school teachers rated students’ creativity in two separate studies. In the first study, 11 teachers analyzed the stories of 67 male and 70 female students from kindergarten, first, and second grades. In the second study, 6 teachers rated the stories of 67 male and 72 female students from third, fourth, and fifth grades. In both studies, teachers were required to use a list of clearly established guidelines in which the final step was to report the criteria used to evaluate students’ creativity. Teachers’ reports, which comprised 51 documents, were organized and analyzed. After coding and analyzing the data using NVivo software, the authors identified 8 major themes: (a) fluency, (b) voice, (c) originality, (d) imagination, (e) elaboration, (f) complexity, (g) making connections, and (h) writing clarity. Future researchers are encouraged to challenge the identified themes by replicating the current study in many places and in a variety of domains to enrich the theory of Creativity as a Social Construct (CSC).
LECTOTYPIFICATIONS AND NEOTYPIFICATIONS IN ASTER SECTION BIOTIA (ASTERACEAE), INCLUDING A COMPLETE ANNOTATED SYNONYMY

Thirty-four lectotypes and three neotypes of names of taxa in Aster section Biotia DC. ex Torrey & Gray are designated. In addition, six lectotypes and one neotype that were selected originally in herb. are validated, i.e., published here for the first time. These typifications are presented as part of a complete annotated synonymy of the section, comprising a total of 128 entries.
Instruction-level parallel processors-dynamic and static scheduling tradeoffs

Recently, high performance computer architecture has focused on dynamic scheduling techniques to issue and execute multiple operations concurrently. These designs are complex and have frequently shown disappointing performance. A complementary approach is the use of static scheduling techniques to exploit the same parallelism. We describe some of the tradeoffs between the use of static and dynamic scheduling techniques and show that with appropriate scheduling, low complexity designs using only static scheduling have significant advantages over high complexity designs using dynamic scheduling in real systems.
Conceptual Tempo as a Predictor of First-Grade Reading Achievement

The primary purposes of this study were to (1) ascertain the effects of kindergarten conceptual tempo classification on middle of first-grade reading performance; (2) compare the results obtained by the traditional Matching Familiar Figures Test double median split classification procedure with results obtained by computing a linear score for each child which combined his MFF standard scores for latency and errors. Regardless of the classification procedure, conceptual tempo did not significantly influence reading achievement at the .05 level. When equated for kindergarten reading readiness scores, significant vocabulary and comprehension differences were not found for tempo, sex, or interaction. It was concluded that the conceptual tempo of kindergartners does not appear of utility in predicting their middle of first-grade reading performance.