cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MAVORIC): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial

Summary Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas with substantial morbidity and mortality in advanced disease stages. We compared the efficacy of mogamulizumab, a novel monoclonal antibody directed against C-C chemokine receptor 4, with vorinostat in patients with previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Methods In this open-label, international, phase 3, randomised controlled trial, we recruited patients with relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome at 61 medical centres in the USA, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, Japan, and Australia. Eligible patients were aged at least 18 years (in Japan, ≥20 years), had failed (for progression or toxicity as assessed by the principal investigator) at least one previous systemic therapy, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 1 or less and adequate haematological, hepatic, and renal function. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using an interactive voice web response system to mogamulizumab (1·0 mg/kg intravenously on a weekly basis for the first 28-day cycle, then on days 1 and 15 of subsequent cycles) or vorinostat (400 mg daily). Stratification was by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma subtype (mycosis fungoides vs Sezary syndrome) and disease stage (IB–II vs III–IV). Since this study was open label, patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival by investigator assessment in the intention-to-treat population. Patients who received one or more doses of study drug were included in the safety analyses. This study is ongoing, and enrolment is complete. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01728805. Findings Between Dec 12, 2012, and Jan 29, 2016, 372 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive mogamulizumab (n=186) or vorinostat (n=186), comprising the intention-to-treat population. Two patients randomly assigned to mogamulizumab withdrew consent before receiving study treatment; thus, 370 patients were included in the safety population. Mogamulizumab therapy resulted in superior investigator-assessed progression-free survival compared with vorinostat therapy (median 7·7 months [95% CI 5·7–10·3] in the mogamulizumab group vs 3·1 months [2·9–4·1] in the vorinostat group; hazard ratio 0·53, 95% CI 0·41–0·69; stratified log-rank p Interpretation Mogamulizumab significantly prolonged progression-free survival compared with vorinostat, and could provide a new, effective treatment for patients with mycosis fungoides and, importantly, for Sezary syndrome, a subtype that represents a major therapeutic challenge in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Funding Kyowa Kirin.
Revisiting How and Why Educators Use Twitter: Tweet Types and Purposes in #Edchat

AbstractThis study revisits the Carpenter and Krutka survey of how and why educators use Twitter, through exploring one of Twitter’s oldest education hashtags: #Edchat. From October 1, 2017, to Jun...
Decreasing use of epidural analgesia with increasing minimally invasive lobectomy: Impact on postoperative morbidity

Abstract Objective The goal of this study is to investigate the use of EA and its impact on the postoperative short-term outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received a lobectomy by either minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or thoracotomy. Materials and methods We investigated 793 patients who underwent lobectomy for pathological stage I-III NSCLC without induction therapy during two time periods, an early-time period (2009-2010: MIS, n = 204 [53%]; and thoracotomy, n = 182 [47%]) and a late-period (2014-2015: MIS, n = 308 [76%]; and thoracotomy, n = 99 [24%]). Patient characteristics, including pulmonary function tests, comorbidities, and use of EA, as well as short-term outcomes, including length of stay, morbidity, and mortality were assessed and compared between early-and late-time periods. We also compared patients who received EA (n = 150) with patients who did not receive EA (n = 158) following MIS lobectomy in the late-time period. Results The use of MIS lobectomy increased during the late-time period compared to the early-time period (p Conclusion In our study cohort, the observed decrease in the use of EA with the increasing rate of MIS lobectomy did not negatively affect postoperative short-term outcomes.
Opioid withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain characteristics as correlates of health risk among people who inject drugs.

Abstract Objective Opioid withdrawal symptoms are widely understood to contribute to health risk but have rarely been measured in community samples of opioid using people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Using targeted sampling methods, 814 PWID who reported regular opioid use (at least 12 uses in the last 30 days) were recruited and interviewed about demographics, drug use, health risk, and withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain. Multivariable regression models were developed to examine factors associated with any opioid withdrawal, withdrawal frequency, pain severity, and two important health risks (receptive syringe sharing and non-fatal overdose). Results Opioid withdrawal symptoms were reported by 85 % of participants in the last 6 months, with 29 % reporting at least monthly withdrawal symptoms and 35 % reporting at least weekly withdrawal symptoms. Very or extremely painful symptoms were reported by 57 %. In separate models, we found any opioid withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.75, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.52, 5.00) and weekly or more opioid withdrawal frequency (AOR = 1.94; 95 % CI = 1.26, 3.00) (as compared to less than monthly) to be independently associated with receptive syringe sharing while controlling for confounders. Any opioid withdrawal (AOR = 1.71; 95 % CI = 1.04, 2.81) was independently associated with nonfatal overdose while controlling for confounders. In a separate model, weekly or more withdrawal frequency (AOR = 1.69; 95 % CI = 1.12, 2.55) and extreme or very painful withdrawal symptoms (AOR = 1.53; 95 % CI = 1.08, 2.16) were associated with nonfatal overdose as well. Conclusions Withdrawal symptoms among PWID increase health risk. Treatment of withdrawal symptoms is urgently needed and should include buprenorphine dispensing.
Why has the prognosis for muscle-invasive bladder cancer not significantly improved after decades of therapeutic advancements?

Bladder cancer (BCa), mostly urothelial carcinoma (UCa), is often a highly aggressive disease. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the 5-year relative surv...
Improving Electronic Conductivity of Layered Oxides through the Formation of Two-Dimensional Heterointerface for Intercalation Batteries

Synthetic strategies for the improvement in electronic conductivities and electrochemical stabilities of transition metal oxide cathodes, which are limiting factors in the performance of commercial...
Complete Heart Block, Severe Ventricular Dysfunction, and Myocardial Inflammation in a Child With COVID-19 Infection

Abstract A young child presented with severe ventricular dysfunction and troponin leak in the setting of coronavirus disease-2019. He developed intermittent, self-resolving, and hemodynamically ins...
Toward A Critical Theory of Administrative Law

This contribution to a symposium on "Racism in Administrative Law" suggests that administrative law is missing a robust tradition of critical legal studies: https://www.yalejreg.com/nc/toward-a-critical-theory-of-administrative-law-by-bijal-shah/ (adapted for the American Bar Association, Administrative & Regulatory Law News (Summer 2020)).
Writing the history of “you”: second-person narration and the plight of the Nubian in Idris Ali’s Below the poverty line

While some Nubian authors demanded a separate homeland in Egypt, the late Idris Ali remained committed to the idea of integration into Egyptian society. Ali agreed that a demeaning historical narrative had been imposed upon Egypt’s Nubians, but believed narratives could be rewritten. In his largely autobiographical novel Below the poverty line, Ali uses the defamiliarizing second-person narrative mode to showcase how a discouraging history is imposed on the Nubian subject. This mode also allows for a fluid positioning of the reader and subject, building both empathy and responsibility for the protagonist’s plight. For a narrative mode that has been frequently criticized as a mere gimmick, second-person narration’s unique power and fluidity is convincingly demonstrated in this novel.
Achieving Comprehensive Contraceptive Counseling for Young Women and Improved Contraceptive Uptake Through the Implementation of a Reproductive Health Educator Program.

To evaluate the effect of student-volunteer reproductive health educators (RHEs) on frequency of counseling about long acting reversible contraception (LARC) and uptake of more effective contraception. This was a non-randomized intervention study conducted at a resident continuity clinic. Eligible patients were females aged 14–25. Participants met with an RHE during their visit in addition to the standard care team. Patients in the historical group met only with the standard care team. We compared counseling patterns and uptake of more effective contraceptive methods between the baseline historical comparison and intervention groups. Nearly all eligible patients in the intervention group received counseling about LARC during their visit, whereas less than half of patients seen in the baseline period received the same counseling. Approximately two-thirds of patients who had no contraceptive method at the beginning of the visit chose to initiate a short- or long-acting method in the intervention group, compared to less than half of patients who were using no method in the baseline group. Integration of student-volunteer RHEs increased the frequency with which patients were counseled about LARC and also increased the number of patients who switched to more effective contraception during their visit compared to patients seen in the same clinic before RHEs were introduced. Student-volunteer RHEs are a potentially cost-effective way to provide comprehensive health education in busy clinical settings.
A line of sight approach to cosmic microwave background anisotropies

We present a new method for calculating linear cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy spectra based on integration over sources along the photon past light cone. In this approach the temperature anisotropy is written as a time integral over the product of a geometrical term and a source term. The geometrical term is given by radial eigenfunctions which do not depend on the particular cosmological model. The source term can be expressed in terms of photon, baryon and metric perturbations, all of which can be calculated using a small number of differential equations. This split clearly separates between the dynamical and geometrical effects on the CMB anisotropies. More importantly, it allows to significantly reduce the computational time compared to standard methods. This is achieved because the source term, which depends on the model and is generally the most time consuming part of calculation, is a slowly varying function of wavelength and needs to be evaluated only in a small number of points. The geometrical term, which oscillates much more rapidly than the source term, does not depend on the particular model and can be precomputed in advance. Standard methods that do not separate the two terms and require a much higher number of evaluations. The new method leads to about two orders of magnitude reduction in CPU time when compared to standard methods and typically requires a few minutes on a workstation for a single model. The method should be especially useful for accurate determinations of cosmological parameters from CMB anisotropy and polarization measurements that will become possible with the next generation of experiments. A programm implementing this method can be obtained from the authors.
Identifying subgroups of people at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Analysis of glycemic and non-glycemic characteristics in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes identifies six putative subgroups that differ in terms of risk of diabetes progression and complications.
Normative values for the Sensory Organization Test in an active duty military cohort

Abstract Background Computerized dynamic posturography is commonly used to assess balance in service members, but normative values for the military population have not been established. Research question What are the normative values for the Motor Control Test (MCT), Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the enhanced SOT (eSOT) within the military population and at which point do they differ? Methods Cross-sectional study. 237 active duty service members (78 % male) completed the MCT, SOT and the eSOT with the sway manipulated at a gain of 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, or 2.0. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the means of men and women for the SOT and MCT composite scores. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the means of age groups for the SOT composite score. An independent t-test was used to compare the SOT composite scores from our military population to the manufacturer’s normative (civilian) data. The means and standard deviations for the eSOT scores were reported for each gain. Paired-samples t-tests were performed to compare the SOT composite score with the eSOT composite score for each level of gain. Results There was no difference between SOT composite scores for men and women (Mann-Whitney U = 4363.50, p = 0.19) or among age groups (Kruskal-Wallis = 2.77, p = 0.25). The mean SOT composite scores were not different from the manufacturer’s normative values (p = 0.155). SOT composite scores were significantly higher than eSOT composite scores for gains of 1.4 (t = 3.16, p = 0.003), 1.6 (t = 5.73, p Significance This study establishes normative values for the MCT, SOT and eSOT in active duty military service members. The results suggest that the manufacturer’s normal values are appropriate for making judgments about the postural stability of service members.
Stressful life events among incarcerated women and men: Association with depression, loneliness, hopelessness, and suicidality.

BACKGROUND Justice-involved populations report a higher than average number of pre-incarceration stressful life events. However, few studies have described stressful life events which occur during incarceration, explored gender differences in these events, or evaluated the effect of these events on well-being. METHOD This study draws from a sample of male and female adults incarcerated in 6 prison facilities across two states (n = 160) to identify the number and type of stressful life events they experienced during incarceration, gender differences in stressful events, and the relationship between stressful life events and markers of well-being (i.e., depression, hopelessness, loneliness, suicidality). We also examined whether perceived social support would buffer the relationship between stressful events and well-being outcomes. RESULTS Participants on average reported experiencing 4 stressful life events during their current incarceration, the most common being relocation to another cell and being made fun of/insulted by someone in the prison. There were few gender differences in types of events experienced. Regression analyses showed that stressful life events were associated with more loneliness, as well as suicidality, but only when participants had low perceived social support. CONCLUSIONS Stressful life events, and drawing on social support networks to cope with stress, should be addressed in the context of correctional treatments to reduce suicide risk during incarceration.
Intelligent Approach in Smart Microchip Proppants Data Processing for Complex Hydraulic Fractures Diagnostic

Unconventional oil and gas reservoir development requires an understanding of the geometry and complexity of hydraulic fractures. The current categories of fracture diagnostic approaches include methods for near-wellbore (production and temperature logs, tracers, borehole imaging) and far-field techniques (micro-seismic fracture mapping). These techniques provide an indirect and/or interpreted fracture geometry. Therefore, none of these methods consistently provides a fully detailed and accurate description of the character of created hydraulic fractures. This study proposes a novel approach that uses direct data from the injected fine size and battery-less Smart MicroChip Proppants (SMPs) to map the fracture geometry. This novel approach enables direct, fast, and smart of the received high-resolution geo-sensor data from the SMPs collected in high pressure and high-temperature environment and maps the fracture network using the proposed Intelligent and Integrated Fracture Diagnostic Platform (IFDP), which is a closed-loop architecture and is based on multi-dimensional projection, unsupervised clustering, and surface reconstruction. Affine transformation and a deep ANN are integrated to control the stochasticity of clustering. IFDP proves its efficacy in fracture diagnostics for 3 in-house design synthetic fracture networks, with 100% consistency, between 75-100% in prediction capability, and between 80-100% in execution robustness. The integration of affine transformation firmly increases the performance of unsupervised clustering in IFDP. The low bounds of prediction capability (75%) and execution robustness (80%) scores are caused by the "joint" locations in the synthetic fracture network with the highest complexity.
Exploiting Parallelism to Accelerate Keyword Search on Deep-Web Sources

Increasingly, biological data is being shared over the deep web. Many biological queries can only be answered by successively searching a number of distinct web-sites. This paper introduces a system that exploits parallelization for accelerating search over multiple deep web data sources. An interactive, two-stage multi-threading system is developed to achieve task parallelization, thread parallelization, and pipelined parallelization. We show the effectiveness of our system by considering a number of queries involving SNP datasets. We show that most of the queries can be accelerated significantly by exploiting these three forms of parallelism.
Inhibition of the Stearyl Coenzyme A Desaturase System by Sterculate

Abstract The mechanism of the inhibition in vitro of the microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system by sterculate has been investigated. Our data do not support the suggestions that this is mediated by the binding of thiol groups of enzyme proteins by the cyclopropene group and that this is competitive with substrate. Sterculate did inhibit the desaturase system in vitro but data suggest this to be nonspecific, stemming from the detergent nature of free fatty acid and hence of doubtful significance for metabolism in vitro. However, it was found that dietary (methyl) sterculate decreased the activity of the microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system. The mechanism of this action of sterculate remains obscure. A new procedure for the precise measurement of the microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system is described based on the permanganate-periodate oxidation of fatty acid methyl esters followed by the separation of monomethyl azelate-14C derived from oleate-1-14C from other fatty acid methyl esters with the use of a Florisil column. The utilization of rat liver microsomes for the enzymatic synthesis of stearyl-1-14C-CoA is also described.
Too Much Frivolity, Not Enough Femininity: A Study of Gender and Humor at the U.S. Supreme Court

The four authors in this study took on the exhilarating task of listening to 79 oral arguments in the Supreme Court’s 2011-2012 term. After two years spent recovering from oral argument overload, the authors have prepared a study that ingeniously tricks readers into reading a study on humor that is really about gender inequality at the Supreme Court and in the field of Law. Initially tallying instances of un-transcribed laughter, the authors — prompted by Hillary Clinton’s urging — began noticing gender and humor discrepancies between the justices and the advocates; what started as a simple humor tabulation devolved into important research. In the following study, the authors lull readers into complacency by offering data related to humor, but then shock their audience with serious data about gender inequality — ruining any fun that readers might have had. It’s true the authors show that the Supreme Court is far funnier than previously thought, and that Justice Scalia enjoys bullying Justice Breyer; however, potential readers should turn back now, because what follows is mind numbing boredom and “PC” discussions about gender veiled within a “humor” study. The authors would like readers to know that the following study, if you haven’t been able to tell already, does not follow traditional scholarly conventions. “Why?” you may ask, because it would be boring and no one would read it, duh. The authors have endeavored to make this study both interesting in the data and entertaining to read — a truly ground-breaking feat in scholarly studies. Great risk comes with great rewards, and we’re just hoping someone other than ourselves will read this study.
Effects of maternal restriction in vitamin B-6 on neocortex development in rats: neuron differentiation and synaptogenesis.

Effects of maternal restrictions in vitamin B-6 on neuron differentiation and synaptogenesis in developing neocortex were examined. Rats were fed ad libitum a vitamin B-6-free diet supplemented with 0.0 or 0.6 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN.HCl)/kg diet during gestation followed by a control level of 7.0 mg/kg diet during lactation, or they were fed the vitamin B-6-free diet supplemented with 0.6 or 7.0 mg PN.HCl/kg diet throughout gestation and lactation. Neocortices of the offspring were examined at 30 d of age by light and electron microscopy. All maternal restrictions in vitamin B-6 reduced the number of higher order dendrites on stellate neurons in layer II and on pyramidal neurons in layer V of the neocortex and decreased synaptic density in the neuropil of the neocortex. The findings indicated that vitamin B-6 restriction during gestation, either marginal or severe, was the critical treatment factor that adversely affected synaptogenesis and at least one event in neuron differentiation in the neocortex, the arborization of dendrites.
Increased activation of pelvic macrophages in infertile women with mild endometriosis.

Pelvic fluid was collected from 66 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization or diagnostic laparoscopy for evaluation of infertility. Cells consisting mainly of macrophages were separated, counted, and subjected to histochemical staining for acid phosphatase and myeioperoxidase as markers of cell irritation. Pelvic fluid was analyzed for acid phosphatase, neutral protease, and extractable prostaglandin E2 and F2α. A higher proportion (46% versus 15%) of the macrophages in the group with mild endometriosis exhibited positive staining for acid phosphatase as compared with the fertile group. Pelvic fluid from patients with mild endometriosis had higher acid phosphatase and neutral protease activity than that from fertile patients (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The content of either prostaglandin was not significantly higher in the endometriosis group as compared with the fertile group. The results suggest that mild endometriosis is associated with activation of macrophages and release of active substances into peritoneal fluid that may be responsible for the associated infertility.
Regulation of adrenal atrial natriuretic hormone receptor subtypes.

Abstract Regulation of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) receptor binding and aldosterone suppression was studied in isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells from rats fed a high-salt (HS) or low-salt (LS) diet for 3 days. In plasma of HS rats, aldosterone levels were 5 times lower and immuno-reactive ANH two times higher than in LS rats. Competitive binding studies showed the same affinity for human atrial natriuretic hormone (hANH) in both pools of cells, but receptor density was 50% higher on LS cells. A linear ANH analog that binds to non-guanylate-cyclase-coupled receptors did not show increased binding to LS cells. Cyclic GMP production in response to hANH was identical in both groups. The aldosterone-inhibitory effect of hANH on both groups of basal and angiotensin II-stimulated cells was also identical. Thus a short-term high-salt diet causes decreased density of ANH receptors in glomerulosa cells without changing biological activity of ANH. These results suggest that dietary salt content changes the number of ANH receptors and that non-guanylate-cyclase-coupled receptors contain at least two classes of receptors.
Effect of Pregneninolone (17-Ethinyl Testosterone) on Genital Tract of Immature Female Rats

Summary and ConclusionsIt appears from this study that Δ4 pregnen-in-20-on-3-ol-17 exhibits bisexual properties when administered subcutaneously in oil to immature, female rats, having an estrogen-like action on the uterus and vagina and an androgen-like action on the preputial glands and clitoris. The trophic effect on the genital tract appears to be a direct one and not mediated through the ovaries, as shown by the elicitation of similar effects in ovariec-tomized immature animals. Unlike testosterone, however, preg-neninolone appears not to have a stimulating effect upon the gonado-tropic activity of the hypophysis, as indicated by the absence of corpora lutea formation or evidence of follicle stimulation in the ovaries.It is interesting to note that this compound possesses a unique variety of biological properties. In addition to its progesterone-like action on the endometrium, Courrier and Jost14 have found that pregneninolone will maintain pregnancy in spayed rabbits and is androgenic in castrated r...
Lipid composition of Limulus photoreceptor membranes.

Abstract The lipid composition has been determined for rhabdomeric photoreceptor membranes of Limulus, and these data are compared with those from photoreceptor membranes of albino rats. The comparison is of interest because the membranes of these two photoreceptor cells regulate ionic transport differently during the response to illumination. 1. 1. Phospholipid class composition of Limulus is similar, but not identical, to that of rats. The major differences are a greater percentage of sphingomyelin in Limulus and a greater percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine in the rat. 2. 2. Ethanolamine plasmalogens, not observed in rat photoreceptor membranes, are present in Limulus photoreceptor fractions. 3. 3. The level of cholesterol in Limulus is higher than that usually reported for vertebrate rod outer segments. 4. 4. The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids of Limulus photoreceptor membrane phospholipids are 20 : 4(n−6) and 20 : 5(n−3) with only traces of 22 : 6(n−3). This is in sharp contrast with the large percentages of 22 : 6(n−3) found in rat photoreceptors. 5. 5. The fatty acid distributions of both membrane systems are highly unsaturated, but the ratio of (n−3) to (n−6) polyunsaturates is only 1.7 for Limulus as compared to 4.6 for rat.
Effects of Team Play on Racial Prejudice

Previous research has suggested that intrateam cooperation and interteam competition serve to increase attraction among teammates. This study employed a card-game paradigm in an attempt to investig...
Optical imaging in a highly scattering medium

There are many different methods being developed for generating images through tissue using light as the transmitted beam. The potential advantages are enormous: at low intensities, the procedure is safe requiring no ionizing radiation, and is therefore suitable for continuous monitoring of patients (such as those with head trauma), or for use in screening operations (such as mammography). Furthermore, the apparatus will be inexpensive when compared with MRI, CT, and PET scanners, and will have the capability of providing information about the tissue oxygenation status, rather than merely providing morphological information.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor and Anitithrombin Trial Results

The endogenous plasma anticoagulant proteins tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and antithrombin (AT) have both been extensively studied in large, multinational phase III clinical trials in patients with severe sepsis. The TFPI and AT trials failed to result in significant reductions in the 28-day, all-cause mortality rates in their respective study populations. However, there appear to be definable patient populations within each study that may have benefited from TFPI or AT. Drug-drug interactions and dosing issues were observed in both trials. The similarities and differences of each anticoagulant and the lessons learned from the recent phase III clinical trials are examined in this review.
Three polyphenol oxidases from red clover (Trifolium pratense) differ in enzymatic activities and activation properties.

Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) oxidize o-diphenols to o-quinones, which cause browning reactions in many wounded fruits, vegetables, and plants including the forage crop red clover ( Trifolium pratense...
Anticipated, on-line and remembered positive experience in schizophrenia☆

Abstract Background Three temporal stages in the evaluation of positive affect can be identified: anticipation, experience (hedonia) and memory. In schizophrenia, despite research indicating non-impaired hedonic capacities, little is known about anticipation and memory of positive affect. Moreover, the role of positive affect evaluations on motivation has rarely been studied in schizophrenia. Method Seventy individuals with schizophrenia and 35 non-patient control participants completed an evocative emotional task consisting of pictures and sounds. Following each presentation, participants rated their hedonic experience. Ratings of pre-test anticipated and post-test remembered pleasures were also obtained. Finally, explicit motivation to repeat the task was assessed. Results Compared to control participants, schizophrenia participants demonstrated similar levels of anticipation, hedonia and motivation, as well as significantly increased remembered pleasure. In schizophrenia, affective processes had lower correlations with motivation than in controls, and only remembered pleasure predicted motivation. Moreover, the predictive value of hedonia was significantly lower in schizophrenia. Conclusions The affective and cognitive processes involved in the anticipation, experience and memory of positive affective events showed no deficit, and to the contrary, immediately remembered pleasure was higher in schizophrenia. However, important deficits resided in the inter-connectivity between affective evaluations and motivational processes. The major deficit in schizophrenia participants' reward system was not in hedonic experiences but in the translation of pleasurable experiences into motivational states.
Oxidative Group Transfer to a Triiron Complex to Form a Nucleophilic μ3-Nitride, [Fe3(μ3-N)]―

Utilizing a hexadentate ligand platform, a high-spin trinuclear iron complex of the type ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(thf) was synthesized and characterized ([(tbs)L](6-) = [1,3,5-C(6)H(9)(NPh-o-NSi(t)BuMe(2))(3)](6-)). The silyl-amide groups only permit ligation of one solvent molecule to the tri-iron core, resulting in an asymmetric core wherein each iron ion exhibits a distinct local coordination environment. The triiron complex ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(thf) rapidly consumes inorganic azide ([N(3)]NBu(4)) to afford an anionic, trinuclear nitride complex [((tbs)L)Fe(3)(μ(3)-N)]NBu(4). The nearly C(3)-symmetric complex exhibits a highly pyramidalized nitride ligand that resides 1.205(3) A above the mean triiron plane with short Fe-N (1.871(3) A) distances and Fe-Fe separation (2.480(1) A). The nucleophilic nitride can be readily alkylated via reaction with methyl iodide to afford the neutral, trinuclear methylimide complex ((tbs)L)Fe(3)(μ(3)-NCH(3)). Alkylation of the nitride maintains the approximate C(3)-symmetry in the imide complex, where the imide ligand resides 1.265(9) A above the mean triiron plane featuring lengthened Fe-N(imide) bond distances (1.892(3) A) with nearly equal Fe-Fe separation (2.483(1) A).
Influence of supplementing vitamin C to yearling steers fed a high sulfur diet during the finishing period on meat color, tenderness and protein degradation, and fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle.

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of vitamin C (VC) supplemented for approximately 102 d during the finishing period on color, tenderness, and fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis (LT; n = 136) from steers fed a 0.55% sulfur diet. Treatments included 4 supplemental VC concentrations: 1) 0 (CON), 2) 5 (5VC), 3) 10 (10VC), or 4) 20 (20VC) g VC·h− 1∙ d− 1 in a common diet. Increasing supplemental VC decreased (P
Control of systems with hysteresis via servocompensation and its application to nanopositioning

Partly motivated by the nanopositioning application in AFM and SPM systems, we consider the problem of tracking periodic signals for a class of systems consisting of linear dynamics preceded by a hysteresis operator, where uncertainties exist in both the dynamics and the hysteresis. A servocompensator is proposed, in combination with an approximate hysteresis inverse, to achieve high-precision tracking. The servocompensator accommodates the internal model of the reference signal and a finite number of harmonic terms. It is shown that, with a Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis operator, the closed-loop system admits a unique, asymptotically stable, periodic solution, which justifies treating the inversion error as an exogenous periodic disturbance. Consequently, the asymptotic tracking error can be made arbitrarily small when the servocompensator accommodates a sufficient number of harmonic terms. Robustness with respect to uncertainties in the dynamics is also established. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the approach and evaluate the role of hysteresis inversion. In particular, experiments on a nanopositioner show that, with the proposed method, tracking can be achieved for a 200 Hz reference signal with 0.6% mean error and 2.3% peak error for a travel range of 20 µm.
A renormalization-group study into the effects of competing biquadratic and crystal-field interactions in the Blume–Emery–Griffiths model

Abstract The Blume–Emery–Griffiths model, a spin-1 Ising model with bilinear, biquadratic, and crystal field interactions, provides a general system for the analysis of systems driven by fluctuations in density and magnetization. In this study, we consider an exactly solvable system in which frustration is present due to competing biquadratic and crystal-field interactions. Thus, this calculation models a dilute ferromagnetic material with two types of nearest-neighbor site pairs, distinguished by whether or not simultaneous occupation is energetically favored. To determine the effects of this competition, we have constructed exactly solvable frustrated hierarchical models similar to those introduced to study spin glasses. The resulting phase diagrams reveal two distinct paramagnetic phases separated by a plane in parameter space in which the biquadratic interaction and crystal-field strength rescale chaotically. Each paramagnetic phase has a ferromagnetic complement in which the unique distribution of occupied sites possesses a net magnetization.
More on perfectly normal non-realcompact spaces

Abstract We use the space ( ω 1 , τ ( C → ) ) associated with a guessing sequence C → on ω 1 to show that it is consistent with CH that there exists a locally countable, first-countable, locally compact, perfectly normal, non-realcompact space of size ℵ 1 which does not contain any sub-Ostaszewski spaces. By a similar technique, it is shown to be consistent with MA + ¬ CH that there exists a locally countable, first-countable, perfectly normal, non-realcompact space of size ℵ 1 .
Mid-IR evanescent-wave sensors for tiny biological samples

We have developed methods for embedding miniature planar IR sensor elements flush at the surface of rigid substrates. The planar Ge waveguides have thicknesses down to approximately 10 micron, and widths of 0.5-1 mm. These waveguides are tapered in thickness along their 50-mm lengths to permit efficient coupling of light into the approximately 10 micron sensing region without requiring an IR microscope. The waveguides can therefore be positioned with their sensor surface horizontal. Such waveguides can be used as mid-IR evanescent-wave sensor elements for small biological samples. They display exquisite sensitivity to small numbers of analyte molecules at their surface. It is possible to collect high-throughput broadband spectra, e.g. of tiny liquid droplets or membranes of individual cells, in a matter of seconds.
Selection in favor of nucleotides G and C diversifies evolution rates and levels of polymorphism at mammalian synonymous sites.

The impact of synonymous nucleotide substitutions on fitness in mammals remains controversial. Despite some indications of selective constraint, synonymous sites are often assumed to be neutral, and the rate of their evolution is used as a proxy for mutation rate. We subdivide all sites into four classes in terms of the mutable CpG context, nonCpG, postC, preG, and postCpreG, and compare four-fold synonymous sites and intron sites residing outside transposable elements. The distribution of the rate of evolution across all synonymous sites is trimodal. Rate of evolution at nonCpG synonymous sites, not preceded by C and not followed by G, is ∼10% below that at such intron sites. In contrast, rate of evolution at postCpreG synonymous sites is ∼30% above that at such intron sites. Finally, synonymous and intron postC and preG sites evolve at similar rates. The relationship between the levels of polymorphism at the corresponding synonymous and intron sites is very similar to that between their rates of evolution. Within every class, synonymous sites are occupied by G or C much more often than intron sites, whose nucleotide composition is consistent with neutral mutation–drift equilibrium. These patterns suggest that synonymous sites are under weak selection in favor of G and C, with the average coefficient s∼0.25/Ne∼10−5, where NeNe is the effective population size. Such selection decelerates evolution and reduces variability at sites with symmetric mutation, but has the opposite effects at sites where the favored nucleotides are more mutable. The amino-acid composition of proteins dictates that many synonymous sites are CpGprone, which causes them, on average, to evolve faster and to be more polymorphic than intron sites. An average genotype carries ∼107 suboptimal nucleotides at synonymous sites, implying synergistic epistasis in selection against them.
Decreasing Organizational Size: Untangling the Effects of Money and People

Literature on declining organizations focuses on two indicators of decreasing size—loss of financial resources and work force reduction. This effort to integrate the decline and size literatures combines psychological and sociological perspectives to distinguish between the effects of these two variables. Following the psychological threat-rigidity thesis, loss of financial resources is proposed to cause mechanistic shifts in organizational structures and jobs. We advance a more complex model about the influence of work force reduction that combines psychological and sociological perspectives. In the short term, the threat provoked by work force reduction brings about mechanistic shifts in structures and jobs. In the long term, however, the threat wanes and, following sociological theory, a second set of shifts occurs, in which less mechanistic means of coordination and control are used for the smaller work force.
Racialised relations in Liverpool: A contemporary anomaly

Abstract The city of Liverpool stands out as an anomaly in the mapping of ‘racialised relations’ and the black experience in England. While it shares a number of continuities with other cities, it reveals several structural and cultural features which are absent or significantly at variance with patterns elsewhere. These include extreme residential segregation, a powerful white local sentiment and insular identity, and extremely virulent ‘racialised’ hostility. In addition, the black population is markedly different in its length of residence, its ethnic and national origins, the proportion of mixed parentage and the frequency of mixed dating and marriages. All of this has occurred in the context of regional deprivation scanning four decades. Consequently, theoretical, policy and empirical generalisations about ‘racialised relations’ in England apply to Liverpool only with unacceptable modifications. This analysis makes a contribution to the ‘racialisation’ problematic, elaborates the intricate interplay ...
Adaptive, unsupervised stream mining

Sensor devices and embedded processors are becoming widespread, especially in measurement/monitoring applications. Their limited resources (CPU, memory and/or communication bandwidth, and power) pose some interesting challenges. We need concise, expressive models to represent the important features of the data and that lend themselves to efficient estimation. In particular, under these severe constraints, we want models and estimation methods that (a) require little memory and a single pass over the data, (b) can adapt and handle arbitrary periodic components, and (c) can deal with various types of noise. We propose ${\mathrm{AWSOM}}$ (Arbitrary Window Stream mOdeling Method), which allows sensors in remote or hostile environments to efficiently and effectively discover interesting patterns and trends. This can be done automatically, i.e., with no prior inspection of the data or any user intervention and expert tuning before or during data gathering. Our algorithms require limited resources and can thus be incorporated into sensors - possibly alongside a distributed query processing engine [10,6,27]. Updates are performed in constant time with respect to stream size using logarithmic space. Existing forecasting methods (SARIMA, GARCH, etc.) and “traditional” Fourier and wavelet analysis fall short on one or more of these requirements. To the best of our knowledge, ${\mathrm{AWSOM}}$ is the first framework that combines all of the above characteristics. Experiments on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that ${\mathrm{AWSOM}}$ discovers meaningful patterns over long time periods. Thus, the patterns can also be used to make long-range forecasts, which are notoriously difficult to perform. In fact, ${\mathrm{AWSOM}}$ outperforms manually set up autoregressive models, both in terms of long-term pattern detection and modeling and by at least 10 x in resource consumption.
A Novel Approach to Optimal Accelerated Life Test Planning With Interval Censoring

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is widely used in industry to obtain the lifetime estimate of a product which is expected to last years or even decades. It is important to find an effective experimental design of ALT with the consideration of certain optimality criteria. In this paper, we discuss a new approach to designing ALT test plans when readout data (i.e., interval censoring) are collected. We utilize the proportional hazard (PH) model for a failure time distribution, and formulate a generalized linear model (GLM) for censored data. The optimal design is obtained such that the prediction variance of the expected product lifetime at the product's use condition is minimized.
Turner syndrome due to presumptive X-isochromosome

The patient is an 18-year-old female exhibiting short stature, cubitus valgus, shield chest, sexual infantilism, mental defect, and gonadal dysgenesis. She is sex chromatin positive. Her karyotype includes 46 chromosomes with one normal X and a presumptive isochromosome for the long arm of the X. This cell line was the only one found in peripheral leukocytes and skin. Autoradiography indicated that the structurally altered X consistently replicated late. Tests to determine the parental origin of the abnormal X failed. Several points concerning the X-isochromosome are discussed. The prevalence of sex chromatin—positive Turner syndrome is stressed.
Reframing the DSM‐IV‐TR From a Multicultural/Social Justice Perspective

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) represents a medical model that can be reframed for more effective use in counseling. To achieve this goal, the authors describe how they can shift from client diagnosis to case formulation. In describing this shift, the authors offer an example of a theory-based etiology and relate case formulation to specific counseling interventions.
Long-term follow-up of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

Abstract A Nd:YAG laser developed for ophthalmic surgery was studied for safety and efficacy in secondary discission of the posterior capsule in aphakic and pseudophakic subjects. The study involves 6,800 subjects, 526 of whom had completed the six-month postoperative course by the time the data base was closed for analysis. Of the 526 subjects who were treated with the laser, 87.8% had improved vision, with 82.9% achieving a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. This result compares favorably with results for the surgically treated population in which only 68.4% experienced improved vision, with 80.2% achieving a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Approximately four times more surgically treated subjects than laser-treated subjects experienced diminished vision (14.8%). Cumulative complication rates in the laser-treated population were very low (CME 2.3%, secondary glaucoma 3.6%, retinal detachment 0.4%, overall rate 4.8%). Persistent complications (present at the six-month postoperative period) were present at an overall incidence of 2.3%, comprised primarily of CME, 0.2%, retinal detachment, 0.2%, and secondary glaucoma, 0.8%. Only 5.7% of subjects experienced an intraocular pressure (IOP) rise to 30 mm Hg or greater. Return to the preoperative IOP level occurred in 89% of subjects in the first 24 hours to one week. Predictors of IOP rise to 30 mm Hg or greater were determined to be preoperative glaucoma and/or preoperative IOP of greater than 20 mm Hg.
An object-oriented manufacturing control system

This paper presents the development of an event-driven control architecture and its implementation in a physical simulator of a computerized manufacturing system using object-oriented techniques. The architecture was developed to improve the efficiency of handling concurrent control events in the DOS environment. In the implementation, the control system of the physical simulator consists of four distinct layers of control devices: a PC/386 computer, a microcontroller, I/O modules and the system's control devices such as motors, solenoids and sensors. A control program residing in the PC/386 coordinates system-level tasks such as event scheduling, while a BASIC program running on the microcontroller handles all low-level control tasks such as sensor monitoring and motion control. The concepts and developments presented in this paper should help in implementing an efficient control system for both CIM systems and their physical simulators.