cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tailored distribution of single-wall carbon nanotubes from arc plasma synthesis using magnetic fields.

We report a method for tuning the distribution of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by the anodic arc production method via the application of nonuniform magnetic fields to the gap region during synthesis. Raman, ultraviolet−visible−near-infrared absorbance and near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopies were used to characterize samples together with scanning electron microscopy. Application of the nonuniform magnetic field 0.2−2 kG results in a broadening of the diameter range of SWCNTs produced toward decreased diameters, with substantial fractions of produced SWCNTs being of small diameter, less than ∼1.3 nm, at the highest field. The ability to tune production of the arc production method may allow for improvement in achievable SWCNT properties.
Effect of the metal-semiconductor interface on carrier collection in a-Si: H Schottky barrier solar cell structures

Abstract The internal quantum efficiencies of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) Schottky barrier solar cell structures have been used to determine the effects of the metal/a-Si:H contact on the collection of photogenerated carriers. The results of different metal contacts, as well as controlled interfacial oxides, are analyzed using a detailed numerical model AMPS (analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures). Direct correlation is established between the nature of the interface and the short wavelength quantum efficiencies where electron back-diffusion to the metal contact is the primary loss mechanism of carriers photogenerated at these lower wavelengths. The results are also found to be consistent with electron surface recombination velocities at the metal/a-Si:H contact which depend not only on the metal work function and the presence of an interfacial oxide but also on the formation of metal silicides.
New Energy-Absorbing High-Speed Safety Barrier

For many years, containment for errant racing vehicles traveling on oval speedways has been provided through rigid, concrete containment walls placed around the exterior of the track. However, accident experience has shown that serious injuries and fatalities may occur through vehicular impacts into these nondeformable barriers. Because of these injuries, the Indy Racing League and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, later joined by the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), sponsored the development of a new barrier system by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to improve the safety of drivers participating in automobile racing events. Several barrier prototypes were investigated and evaluated using both static and dynamic component testing, computer simulation modeling with LS-DYNA (a nonlinear finite element analysis code), and 20 full-scale vehicle crash tests. The full-scale crash testing program included bogie vehicles, small cars, and a full-siz...
Price behavior of deep discount bonds

Abstract With rising interest rate trends, deep discount bonds are more commonly observed. The traditional view has been that, for a given yield change, the changes in bond prices are larger, the longer the maturity. This note shows that, for a deep discount bond, there is a switchover point beyond which the traditional view no longer holds. This is true for percentage as well as for dollar price changes. The traditional view should be corrected to avoid misleading effects on the management of bond portfolios.
Evolutionary conservation of the presumptive neural plate markers AmphiSox1/2/3 and AmphiNeurogenin in the invertebrate chordate amphioxus.

Amphioxus, as the closest living invertebrate relative of the vertebrates, can give insights into the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate body plan. Therefore, to investigate the evolution of genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the neuroectoderm, we cloned and determined the embryonic expression of two amphioxus transcription factors, AmphiSox1/2/3 and AmphiNeurogenin. These genes are the earliest known markers for presumptive neuroectoderm in amphioxus. By the early neurula stage, AmphiNeurogenin expression becomes restricted to two bilateral columns of segmentally arranged neural plate cells, which probably include precursors of motor neurons. This is the earliest indication of segmentation in the amphioxus nerve cord. Later, expression extends to dorsal cells in the nerve cord, which may include precursors of sensory neurons. By the midneurula, AmphiSox1/2/3 expression becomes limited to the dorsal part of the forming neural tube. These patterns resemble those of their vertebrate and Drosophila homologs. Taken together with the evolutionarily conserved expression of the dorsoventral patterning genes, BMP2/4 and chordin, in nonneural and neural ectoderm, respectively, of chordates and Drosophila, our results are consistent with the evolution of the chordate dorsal nerve cord and the insect ventral nerve cord from a longitudinal nerve cord in a common bilaterian ancestor. However, AmphiSox1/2/3 differs from its vertebrate homologs in not being expressed outside the CNS, suggesting that additional roles for this gene have evolved in connection with gene duplication in the vertebrate lineage. In contrast, expression in the midgut of AmphiNeurogenin together with the gene encoding the insulin-like peptide suggests that amphioxus may have homologs of vertebrate pancreatic islet cells, which express neurogenin3. In addition, AmphiNeurogenin, like its vertebrate and Drosophila homologs, is expressed in apparent precursors of epidermal chemosensory and possibly mechanosensory cells, suggesting a common origin for protostome and deuterostome epidermal sensory cells in the ancestral bilaterian.
The Father Involvement and Nurturant Fathering Scales: Retrospective Measures for Adolescent and Adult Children.

This study provides preliminary psychometric data for two fathering measures, the existing Nurturant Fathering Scale and the newly developed Father Involvement Scale. Both measures are completed fr...
Maximal sets in α-recursion theory

Let α be an admissible ordinal, and leta * be the Σ1-projectum ofa. Call an α-r.e. setM maximal if α→M is unbounded and for every α→r.e. setA, eitherA∩(α-M) or (α-A)∩(α-M) is bounded. Call and α-r.e. setM amaximal subset of α* if α*−M is undounded and for any α-r.e. setA, eitherA∩(α*-M) or (⇌*-A)∩(α*-M) is unbounded in α*. Sufficient conditions are given both for the existence of maximal sets, and for the existence of maximal subset of α*. Necessary conditions for the existence of maximal sets are also given. In particular, if α ≧ ℵ L then it is shown that maximal sets do not exist.
Reconstructing a lost Eocene paradise: Part I. Simulating the change in global floral distribution at the initial Eocene thermal maximum

Abstract This study utilizes the NCAR Land Surface Model (LSM1.2) integrated with dynamic global vegetation to recreate the early Paleogene global distribution of vegetation and to examine the response of the vegetation distribution to changes in climate at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary (∼ 55 Ma). We run two simulations with Eocene geography driven by climatologies generated in two atmosphere global modeling experiments: one with atmospheric pCO 2 at 560 ppm, and another at 1120 ppm. In both scenarios, the model produces the best match with fossil flora in the low latitudes. A comparison of model output from the two scenarios suggests that the greatest impact of climate on vegetation will occur in the high latitudes, in the Arctic Circle and in Antarctica. In these regions, greater accumulated summertime warmth in the 1120 ppm simulation allows temperate plant functional types to expand further poleward. Additionally, the high pCO 2 scenario produces a greater abundance of trees over grass at these high latitudes. In the middle and low latitudes, the general distribution of plant functional types is similar in both pCO 2 scenarios. Likely, a greater increment of greenhouse gases is necessary to produce the type of change evident in the mid-latitude paleobotanical record. Overall, differences between model output and fossil flora are greatest at high latitudes.
Stability, superconducting transition temperature, and residual resistivity of amorphous films of La/sub 100-x/Au/sub x/ alloys

Amorphous films of La/sub 100-x/Au/sub x/ alloys with 0 < or = x < or = 32 and thicknesses from 560 to 2100 A were formed by vapor condensation on substrates at 4 K. The superconducting transition temperature decreased with increasing Au concentration, varying from 4.6 K for pure La films to 1.6 K for La/sub 68/Au/sub 32/ films. The residual resistivity increased with increasing Au concentration, varying from 63 ..mu cap omega.. cm for pure La films to 208 ..mu cap omega.. cm for La/sub 68/Au/sub 32/ films. The films were annealed to room temperature to determine the stability of the amorphous phase. By a comparison of transition temperatures, residual resistivities, and temperature dependence of the resistance before and after annealing, it was determined that amorphous films containing less than 26 at. % Au crystallized during annealing to room temperature, while films containing 26--32 at. % Au were stable in the amorphous phase at room temperature. The stability and superconducting transition temperatures were compared to those reported for liquid-quenched La/sub 100-x/Au/sub x/ foils. It appears that the amorphous phase in the vapor-condensed films may be more homogeneously disordered than the reported amorphous phase in the liquid-quenched foils.
Connective tissue diseases: Systemic sclerosis: beyond limited and diffuse subsets?

Patients with systemic sclerosis present with varying clinical features, have different responses to therapy, and end up with different outcomes. Categorizing patients improves disease management. A new study now proposes that patients with systemic sclerosis and overlapping features of another connective tissue disease might form a distinct disease subset.
Resolving two inequivalent sites with deuterium MAS NMR

Abstract Deuterium MAS NMR spectra for K2HC03,2HI03, Na2HC03, K2HS04, a mixture of K2HC03 and2HI03, and a mixture of K2HCO3 and Na2HC03 were obtained. The MAS NMR spectra were compared with simulations based on the Herzfeld-Berger method and on the known deuterium quadrupolar coupling constant and asymmetry parameter obtained by1H /2H double-resonance NQR spectroscopy. The resolution of two inequivalent deuterium sites in the mixtures is described by the quality of the fit, as assessed by a plot of the residuals and the value of χv2. The ability to resolve two different deuterium sites depends upon the magnitude of the difference in the quadrupole coupling constant relative to the spin rate; small differences in the quadrupole coupling constants require slow spin rates.
Negation, ambiguity, and presupposition

In this paper I argue for the Atlas-Kempson Thesis that sentences of the form ⌜The A is not B⌝ are not ambiguous but rather semantically ‘general’ (Quine), ‘non-specific’ (Zwicky and Sadock), or ‘vague’ (G. Lakoff). This observation refutes the 1970 Davidson-Harman hypothesis that underlying structures, as ‘full semantic representations’, are logical forms. It undermines the conception of semantical presupposition, removes a support for the existence of truth-value gaps for presuppositional sentences (the remaining arguments for which are viciously circular), and lifts the Russell-Strawson dispute of 1950–1964 from stalemate to a formulation in which a resolution is possible for the first time. Suggestions of Davidson, Montague, Stalnaker, Kaplan and H. P. Grice are shown to be inadequate semantic descriptions of negative, presuppositional sentences. I briefly discuss the radical Pragmatics view of my 1975 publications and suggest that it too fails to do justice to the linguistic data. I speculate that Semantic Representations should be given the form (more or less) of computer programs, describable in Dana Scott's mathematical semantics for programming languages.
Application of Anbar's Approach to Hypothesis Testing to Detect the Difference between Two Proportions

In this paper, Anbar's (1983) approach for estimating a difference between two binomial proportions is discussed with respect to a hypothesis testing problem. Such an approach results in two possible testing strategies. While the results of the tests are expected to agree for a large sample size when two proportions are equal, the tests are shown to perform quite differently in terms of their probabilities of a Type I error for selected sample sizes. Moreover, the tests can lead to different conclusions, which is illustrated via a simple example; and the probability of such cases can be relatively large. In an attempt to improve the tests while preserving their relative simplicity feature, a modified test is proposed. The performance of this test and a conventional test based on normal approximation is assessed. It is shown that the modified Anbar's test better controls the probability of a Type I error for moderate sample sizes.
Dendrimers, nanodevices to create unique phenomena

Abstract Dendrimers are compact nanostructures created by manipulation of the molecular architecture. Their density or free volume distribution resembles that of a particle, albeit a low-density particle, that can create unique phenomena. We have found that dendrimer free volume can be manipulated by solvent change that will influence their utility in some applications. For example, it is hypothesized that their low density allows penetration by a covalently attached linear polymer. Manipulation of the dendrimer free volume or linear polymer mass can then be used to create a molecular machine. Also, their unique architecture was found to influence bulk phase separation of a dendritic – linear hybrid block copolymer. Cylinders or lamellae can be formed at exceptional compositions to allow tuning of the morphology beyond that found with linear–linear block copolymer systems. To cite this article: M.E. Mackay, C. R. Chimie 6 (2003).
Association of matrix metalloproteinases with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein

PURPOSE. Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) is one of the major components of the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) where it may function in retinoid transport between the photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. In the course of studies of the metalloproteinases (MPs) of the IPM, we found that some MPs remain associated with IRBP through the standard purification scheme. We wished to report this finding as a caution to those working with IRBP prepared from fresh tissue. METHODS. IRBP was prepared from bovine IPM by procedures commonly used for its purification, including ion exchange, concanavalin A affinity and gel filtration chromatographies. The MPs were detected by zymography, both gelatin and casein, run with and without preactivation. RESULTS. Through each step of the purification both gelatinase and, especially, caseinase (stromelysin) activities were associated with IRBP. Inclusion of gelatin affinity chromatography did not totally remove the gelatinases. Much of this...
The interpretation of exponential dose-effect curves

This paper deals with the following question: Which distributions of radiosensitivity in a population can lead to an exponential survival curve? The problem is solved exactly, with statistical fluctuations in dose fully accounted for. It is shown that only an exponential distribution of sensitivities can give rise to an exponential survival curve.
Medicaid and access to health care--A proposal for continued inaction?

Medicaid's coverage guarantee for poor Americans often fails to translate into access to care. The U.S. Supreme Court is now poised to hear a case about the effects on access of California's payment reductions for health care providers who treat Medicaid patients.
Fiber optic beam combiner for multiple-telescope interferometry.

We have constructed a five-telescope beam combiner composed of standard single-mode fiber optics and directional couplers. The device has good thermal and polarization stability, high throughput, and allows simultaneous measurement of all 10 possible interference pairs. It is connected to a small five-telescope interferometer, which is used to make synthetic aperture images.
Maternal Genetic Skeletal Disorders: Lessons Learned From Cases of Maternal Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Due to advances in neonatal care, prenatal diagnostics, and artificial reproductive techniques, women affected by skeletal disorders now survive into their reproductive years, desire fertility, and become pregnant. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease of brittle bones prone to fracture and is one of the most common of the skeletal dysplasias. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare debilitating genetic condition characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive, disabling heterotopic ossification (HO) in which bone forms outside of the skeleton. Here we report two cases of viable pregnancies with severe maternal skeletal disorders. This is only the fourth reported case of a viable pregnancy in a woman with FOP. These cases highlight the complexity of caring for women during pregnancy affected by severe skeletal disorders, the formidable risks when these women become pregnancy, and how these high-risk pregnancies can be successfully managed by a collaborative multidisciplinary care team. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2015;4(1):184-187 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcgo306w
Feasibility of programmed ignition of metal compounds in a scramjet

Abstract Ignition in a supersonic flow requires an extremely reactive material. Various investigators at NACA (now NASA) and elsewhere have identified a number of metal compounds which are spontaneously flammable at room temperature and can be used for initiating combustion in a supersonic stream. The present work utilizes the technique of programmed ignition in blends of hydrocarbon and metal compounds which makes the blended fuel easier to handle. Depending upon the blend and the surrounding flow field, these can be made flammable at a desired distance from the point of injection. A parametric theoretical study of aluminum borohydride, triethyl boron, trimethyl aluminum and pentaborane as ignition promoting additives and hydrocarbon solvents such as JP-5, propane, butane and hexane has been performed. Mixture droplets of three different diameters and three different compositions were assumed to be injected in a 2000 m/s gas stream. Three ambient temperatures (500, 700 and 900 K.) were studied.
Some kinetic and metabolic characteristics of calcium-induced potassium transport in human red cells.

When fresh human erythrocytes or their ghosts are incubated with Ca + IAA (iodoacetic acid) + adenosine, K permeability increases; K permeability also increases when energy-depleted cells or their ghosts are incubated with Ca alone. Na transport decreases or remains unaltered in both situations. The Ca-induced increase in K permeability in the depleted cell system is qualitatively similar to that seen in the fresh cell system and furnishes a means for studying the metabolic dependence of calcium's action. Studies with the depleted system suggest that the normal refractiveness of the cell to calcium is provided by a metabolically dependent substrate. Removal of this substrate allows Ca to enter the cell and exert its effect. By using 47Ca, a maximum value was obtained (3–7 x 10-6 moles/liter of red blood cells) for the quantity of calcium that is taken up by the cell and responsible for the change in K permeability. Measurements of the unidirectional fluxes of K, obtained during the time Ca increases K permeability, appear to satisfy the flux ratio equation for passive diffusion through a membrane.
Disposition of morphine and its glucuronide metabolites after oral and rectal administration: evidence of route specificity.

Morphine-6-glucuronide is a metabolite of morphine that shows significant analgesic effects in animals and humans. To evaluate route-specific differences in the potential contribution of morphine-6-glucuronide to morphine analgesia, we studied the pharmacokinetics of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide, and morphine-3-glucuronide after oral and rectal administration of morphine sulfate in a six-subject randomized, single-dose, two-way crossover evaluation. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) molar ratios of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) to morphine (M) were greater after oral morphine administration compared with rectal morphine administration (M6G/M ratio, 2.7:1 versus 1.3:1, p = 0.025; M3G/M ratio, 18.3:1 versus 9.3:1, p = 0.002). Systemic bioavailability and peak plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide were significantly greater after oral morphine administration compared with the rectal route (AUC: M6G, 377.1 +/- 124.2 versus 236.2 +/- 133.7 nmol.hr/L, p = 0.05; M3G, 2610.1 +/- 446.4 versus 1650.2 +/- 309.0 nmol.hr/L, p = 0.004; maximum concentrations: M6G, 110.9 +/- 37.5 versus 64.6 +/- 28.8 nmol/L, p = 0.002; M3G, 576.9 +/- 155.8 versus 266.8 +/- 110.5 nmol/L, p = 0.007). Conversely, the systemic availability of morphine was lower after oral administration, although this difference failed to achieve statistical significance (142.3 +/- 17.1 versus 176.6 +/- 69.4 nmol.hr/L, p = 0.14). These data suggest that rectal administration of morphine is associated with significant avoidance of hepatic biotransformation, and they provide a convincing argument for the evaluation of morphine-6-glucuronide concentrations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparisons involving different routes of morphine administration.
Geographic and taxonomic distribution of anthocyanin genes in New World cottons

Patterns of anthocyanin development in the vegetative and floral parts of New World cotton species are determined by the actions and interactions of two genetic loci with a minimum of three alleles in each:R 1,R 1 D ,r 1, andR 2 v ,R 2,r 2. The most frequent genotypic combinations are:r 1 r 1 R 2,R 2 andr 1 r 1 r 2 r 2. A survey of the geographical and taxonomic distribution of anthocyanin genes in living collections from Latin America provides the following information:R 1 is a rare mutant, restricted in nature to one race ofhirsutum (Gossypium hirsutum racelatifolium Hutchinson) and is localized in southwest Mexico.R 2 v , on the contrary is widely distributed in Latin America, through the Caribbean region of South America, the Guianas and the West Indies. It has not been found in Central America. The gene is shared by two species which are sympatric over a major part of their ranges—G. barbadense L. (including var.brasiliense)and G. hirsutum racemarie-galante Hutchinson.R 2 (Petal Spot) is common toG. barbadense andG. hirsutum, its frequency varies in the different races of the latter species.
TO SEE GOD IN HIS BEAUTY: AVRAHAM CHALFI AND THE MYSTICAL QUEST FOR THE EVASIVE GOD

Avraham Chalfi's poetry contains some of the main themes of the mystical experience, namely, the attempt “to see God in his Beauty” and the quest to gain an intimate communion with the Divine.1 Uncovering the intertextual references and the repertoire of his allusions positions this poetry within the ever-evolving mystical-religious discussion. Chalfi's theology transforms the Jewish mystical tradition into a critical, at times even fierce, encounter with God and turns fundamental elements, such as ascent to the Pardes and the respective roles of the mystic and God, on their heads. Exploring Chalfi's mystical poems expands our awareness of the theological elements embedded in a variety of modern secular Hebrew poems and their contribution to the evolution and diversification of the canon of Jewish thought.
Lauren B. Angelo. APhA’s Immunization Handbook, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmacist Association; 2012, 253 pages, $41.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781582121659.

This second edition of the APHA Immunization Handbook is compressive and includes nearly everything a new and current immunizing pharmacist would like to know regarding the provision of immunizations within their practice. It covers the major topics of program development, program management, immunization and delivery options, safety measures, roles and responsibilities, and immunization and vaccine product information. I was not able to locate another more complete text that was more up to date. For the novice pharmacist immunization provider, this handbook would be valuable in setting up a beginning practice. For the current pharmacist immunization provider, there is value in the reminder for safety measures, frequently asked questions about immunizations, and staying informed. The chapter entitled “Travel Health and Vaccination Clinics” was a quick summary of how to expand an immunization practice in this growing area within pharmacy. The reference sections at the end of each chapter are helpful to provide the reader with a guide to garner more information about a particular topic. The tables within the text were clear. One disadvantage of the handbook is that it is limited in color format. Adding a few graphics that support the text and additional colors would make the book easier on the eyes and a livelier read. I would recommend the book as a companion reference for colleges and schools of pharmacy that are providing the APHA Immunization Program for their students within their curriculum. While pharmacy students are learning the material required to obtain an immunization certificate, chapter 2, “Roles for Technicians and Student Pharmacists,” and chapter 17, “Frequently Asked Questions About Immunizations,” would be valuable for comprehension. For colleges and schools of pharmacy that participate in immunization clinics both on campus and off-site, chapter 11, “Vaccine Delivery in Off-Site Clinics,” would be helpful for student participation in these health provision activities. The material in this chapter is presented in checklist format, which would be helpful when planning an off-site immunization clinic. Because of the small (pocket) size of the Handbook, I would recommend that it be in one’s personal library when traveling to off-site clinics and/or community pharmacies that offer immunizations as a quick reference for employees. It would also be advantageous to have a digital copy available for colleges and schools of pharmacy to allow for student access. Pharmacist and pharmacy students would have to review multiple Web sites and other texts to obtain the material that had been concisely provided in this handbook.
Investigation of density-dependent gas advection of trichloroethylene: experiment and a model validation exercise

An experiment was conducted to evaluate whether vapor-density effects are significant in transporting volatile organic compounds (VOC's) with high vapor pressure and molecular mass through the subsurface. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was chosen for the investigation because it is a common VOC contaminant with high vapor pressure and molecular mass. For the investigation, a 2-m-long by 1-m-high by 7.5-cm-thick flow cell was constructed with a network of sampling ports. The flow cell was packed with sand, and a water table was established near the lower boundary. Liquid TCE was placed near the upper boundary of the flow cell in a chamber from which vapors could enter and migrate through the sand. TCE concentrations in the gas phase were measured by extracting 25-μl gas samples with an air-tight syringe and analyzing them with a gas chromatograph. The evolution of the TCE gas plume in the sand was investigated by examining plots of TCE concentrations over the domain for specific times and for particular locations as a function of time. To help in this analysis, a numerical model was developed that can predict the simultaneous movements of a gas, a nonaqueous liquid and water in porous media. The model also considers interphase mass transfer by employing the phase equilibrium assumption. The model was tested with one- and two-dimensional analytical solutions of fluid flow before it was used to simulate the experiment. Comparisons between experimental data and simulation results when vapor-density effects are considered were very good. When vapor-density effects were ignored, agreement was poor. These analyses suggest that vapor-density effects should be considered and that density-driven vapor advection may be an important mechanism for moving VOC's with high vapor pressures and molecular mass through the subsurface.
Homing behaviour of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) within an off‐channel habitat

– Although homing behaviour has been observed in juvenile Atlantic salmon, brown trout and resident cutthroat trout, this behaviour has not been well studied in juvenile Pacific salmon. We examined the site fidelity and homing behaviour of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by marking and relocating them within an off-channel habitat. Over 80% of displaced fish returned to the area from which they were originally collected. The proportion of fish that returned to the original location did not vary significantly among three sampling dates. However, we found that this proportion decreased over time in a brackish lagoon when we statistically analysed the data reported by Day (1966). Our results suggest that juvenile coho salmon exhibit strong site fidelity and are able to return to their home ranges after displacement. These behaviours are likely to be important for the winter survival of juvenile coho salmon. Resumen 1. Examinamos la fidelidad al sitio y el comportamiento-de-hogar en juveniles de Oncohyncus kisutch, marcando y recolocandolos en un canal. Sobre el 80% de los individuos desplazados volvieron al area original donde habian sido colectados. La proporcion de individuos que volvieron a su localidad original no vario significativamente entre tres fechas de muestreo. Sin embargo, encontramos que la proporcion decrecio en el tiempo en una laguna cuando analizamos estadisticamente los datos de Day (1966). 2. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los juveniles de O. kisutch muestran una fuerte fidelidad al sitio y son capaces de volver a sus ‘‘home ranges’’ despues de ser desplazados. Estos comportamientos son, probablemente, importantes para la supervivencia invernal de los juveniles.
Composite Fermions and the Energy Gap in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

The energy gaps for the fractional quantum Hall effect at filling fractions 1/3, 1/5, and 1/7 have been calculated by variational Monte Carlo using Jain's composite-fermion wave functions. Results have been obtained before and after projection onto the lowest Landau level. The projected energy gaps agree well with exact-diagonalization results for small systems, lending support to the composite-fermion theory.
Hot hypoxic flies: Whole-organism interactions between hypoxic and thermal stressors in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract The upper critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of metazoans varies over a wide range, and its determinative factors, such as oxygen limitation, remain controversial. Induction of thermoprotective mechanisms after challenge by sublethal heat stress has been well documented in many organisms, including the model fly Drosophila melanogaster . Interestingly, however, other challenges—notably a period of anoxia—induce post-exposure thermoprotective effects in some organisms such as locusts and houseflies. Here I show, using thermolimit respirometry, that acute hypoxia during thermal stress significantly reduced the CT max of D. melanogaster , but only below an oxygen partial pressure of about 10 kPa (39.0±0.4 SE °C at 9.3 kPa vs. 36.0±0.2 SE °C at 3.5 kPa). Likewise, the scope for voluntary motor activity declined sharply below 10 kPa and was essentially eliminated at 2.3 kPa. Respiratory water loss increased highly significantly below about 10 kPa. The post-CT max release of a large quantity of CO 2 is shown to be independent of loss of spiracular control, but dependent at least in part on oxygen availability. The results are broadly in accord with Portner's oxygen limitation hypothesis, but suggest that acute oxygen limitation only becomes an important factor at partial pressures less than half of typical atmospheric levels.
Physikalische Chemie 1990

Die Reaktionsdynamik, Schwerpunkt der Bunsentagung 1990, erlebt zur Zeit eine atemberaubende Renaissance: Die Laser–Spektroskopie im Pico– und Femtosekundenbereich hat's moglich gemacht. Wie aktuell immer wieder die atomaren Cluster sind, hat C60 erneut bewiesen. Weitere Themen: Hochdruckthermodynamik und Flussige Kristalle.
Mechanisms involved in antibody- and complement-mediated allograft rejection

Antibody-mediated rejection has become critical clinically because this form of rejection is usually unresponsive to conventional anti-rejection therapy, and therefore, it has been recognized as a major cause of allograft loss. Our group developed experimental animal models of vascularized organ transplantation to study pathogenesis of antibody- and complement-mediated endothelial cell injury leading to graft rejection. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of antibody-mediated graft rejection resulting from activation of complement by C1q- and MBL (mannose-binding lectin)-dependent pathways and interactions with a variety of effector cells, including macrophages and monocytes through Fcγ receptors and complement receptors.
Volcanoes of Central France

AFTER carefully reading through the two extracts from Sidonius and Avitus contained in your number of May 30, my impression was that notwithstanding some manifest improbabilities, the conclusion was inevitable that earthquakes and other volcanic phenomena had actually been witnessed at Vienne. However, after examining all the facts of the case, a theory has occurred to me by which both accounts may be consistently explained without any such phenomena having occurred there at all. It would only remain to be shown that my supposed facts are not contradicted by evidence actually on record.
New Snakes from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, Madagascar

We describe three new fossil snakes on the basis of recently discovered vertebrae collected from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation of Madagascar. One represents a new genus a...
Lack of Association Between Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) Study

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis in a cohort that consisted predominantly of hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were ascertained through sibships that contained at least 2 individuals with essential hypertension diagnosed before the age of 60 years. The 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was estimated on the basis of the Framingham risk equation. Serum Lp(a) was measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was measured noninvasively by electron beam computed tomography and CAC score calculated using the Agatston score. RESULTS Patients included 765 non-Hispanic, white individuals (59% women) participating in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 62±8 years, and 77% had hypertension. The prevalence of detectable CAC was 87% in men and 60% in women. The CAC scores did not differ significantly across quintiles of Lp(a) levels in either men or women. In a multiple regression model that included conventional risk factors, Lp(a) levels were not related to CAC quantity in either sex. No significant interactions were noted between Lp(a) levels and the conventional risk factors in the prediction of CAC quantity. When stratified on the basis of the 10-year CHD risk, 26.5% of the patients were low risk ( 20%). Lipoprotein(a) was not associated with CAC quantity within subgroups based on 10-year CHD risk. CONCLUSION In this cohort enriched with hypertensive patients, the estimated 10-year CHD risk did not appear to modify the lack of an association between Lp(a) levels and CAC.
Bunyavirus-Vector Interactions

The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The viruses within the Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks, and their associated arthropods not only serve as vectors but also as virus reservoirs in many cases. This review presents an overview of several important emerging or re-emerging bunyaviruses and describes what is known about bunyavirus-vector interactions based on epidemiological, ultrastructural, and genetic studies of members of this virus family.
Effect of levodopa (L-dopa) on serum growth hormone in children with short stature.

Extract: The diagnostic usefulness of levodopa (l-dopa) as a provocative agent for stimulating growth hormone (GH) release was investigated in 22 children with short stature. Complete endocrine evaluation showed 17 to have normal pituitary function (group I) and 5 GH deficiency (group II). Serial serum GH measurements were made under basal conditions after arginine infusion, insulin hypoglycemia, and single dose oral administration of l-dopa (100–500 mg). Mean GH levels after l-dopa in group I were, in nanograms per milliliter: 0 min, 4.8; 30 min, 7.0; 60 min, 16.5; 90 min, 12.6; 120 min, 8.4; 150 min, 3.2; 180 min, 1.9. A significant GH rise was seen in 15 of 17 children, but a normal response as defined in the text was observed in 13 of 17. Peak GH response occurred between 30 and 120 min. Mean peak GH responses to l-dopa were 21.3, arginine 25.2, and insulin 21.3. The two nonresponders to l-dopa in group I showed normal GH response to insulin. The response to arginine was normal in one and partial in the other. Group II subjects showed no GH response to the three agents. Side effects to l-dopa were minimal and usually limited to temporary nausea. By virtue of its ready availability and simplicity of administration, the l-dopa test appears to be a good means of determining GH reserve. Speculation: l-dopa administered as a single oral dose seems to be a simple and valid agent for evaluation of pituitary GH reserve.
Potential for Modulation of the Hydrophobic Effect Inside Chaperonins

Despite the spontaneity of some in vitro protein-folding reactions, native folding in vivo often requires the participation of barrel-shaped multimeric complexes known as chaperonins. Although it has long been known that chaperonin substrates fold upon sequestration inside the chaperonin barrel, the precise mechanism by which confinement within this space facilitates folding remains unknown. We examine the possibility that the chaperonin mediates a favorable reorganization of the solvent for the folding reaction. We discuss the effect of electrostatic charge on solvent-mediated hydrophobic forces in an aqueous environment. Based on these physical arguments, we construct a simple, phenomenological theory for the thermodynamics of density and hydrogen-bond order fluctuations in liquid water. Within the framework of this model, we investigate the effect of confinement inside a chaperonin-like cavity on the configurational free energy of water by calculating solvent free energies for cavities corresponding to the different conformational states in the ATP-driven catalytic cycle of the prokaryotic chaperonin GroEL. Our findings suggest that one function of chaperonins may involve trapping unfolded proteins and subsequently exposing them to a microenvironment in which the hydrophobic effect, a crucial thermodynamic driving force for folding, is enhanced.
Morphology of the gnathosoma of Acarapis woodi (Acari: Acarapidae)

Abstract The cheliceral stylets oiAcarapis woodi (Rennie) were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Capable of independent motion, the styliform cheliceral digits are grooved medially along their entire length and can be brought tightly together forming a tube-like structure. In addition, an unpaired structure was observed fitted along the stylet groove in a manner similar to that described previously for Pyemotes tritici (Bruce et al. 1993). It is not apparent that this structure is retractable and it may or may not function in the feeding process. The unpaired structure is homologized with the labrum and, while the morphological similarities of the mouthparts of P. tritici and A woodi are obvious, it is unclear as to whether or not it functions in precisely the same way in both species.
Auditor independence, ‘low balling’, and disclosure regulation

Abstract This paper investigates the allegations of the Commission on Auditors' Responsibilities and the Securities and Exchange Commission that ‘low balling’ on initial audit engagements impairs auditor independence. We demonstrate that, contrary to these claims, ‘low balling’ does not impair independence; rather it is a competitive response to the expectation of future quasi-rents to incumbent auditors (due, e.g., to technological advantages of incumbency). ‘Low balling’ in the initial period is the process by which auditors compete for these advantages. Critically, initial fee reductions are sunk in future periods and therefore do not impair auditor independence. The implications for current regulation governing changes of auditor (Accounting Series Release No. 165 et al.) and audit fees (Accounting Series Release No. 250) are also discussed.
Virtual screen for cloud thin clients

Accessing cloud services using smart phones, tablets or any other handheld devices is the main concept of this paper. An internet browser is used to access cloud services from personal computers. However, for embedded system devices, the embedded operating systems do not support rich browsers. So, it is difficult to access a virtual computer on some cloud over internet. This paper presents a method to access an Ubuntu instance on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) using an Android application installed on Android Operating system ported on ARM11 board which acts as a thin cloud client. An Ubuntu instance on Amazon EC2 cloud is made Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server and the application is implementation of VNC client for Android. Hence, the application when accessed behaves like virtual Ubuntu screen on Android operating system ported on the kit.
Mescaline and other O-methylated β-phenylethylamines: Intrastriatal induction of tremor in rats

Abstract A series of O -methylated β-phenylethylamines injected into the neostriatum of awake and freely moving rats produced motor dysfunction characterized by chewing motions, sialorrhea, adversive head turning, forelimb tremor and hyperextension of the trunk. These motor phenomena were similar in character to those induced by cholinergic stimulation of the striatum, but had significantly longer latency periods and duration. The latter differences suggest an indirect route of stimulation by the O -methylated amines.
An explicit expression for the solvent contribution to the force between colloidal particles using a hard sphere model

Abstract An important contribution to the force between colloidal particles, which is missing in the DLVO theory, is the effect of volume exclusion among the solvent molecules. If the colloidal particles and solvent molecules are approximated as large and small hard spheres, this volume exclusion force can be calculated from the radial distribution function for a pair of large spheres. Using the Percus—Yevick approximation, an explicit expression for this force, valid for all separations, is botained. In addition, earlier results for the Percus—Yevick hard-sphere radial distribution function and hard-spher/hard-wall interfacial density profile are extended to arbitary distances.
In-hospital resuscitation: executive summary.

Abstract [Cummins RO, Sanders A, Mancini E, Hazinski MF: In-hospital resuscitation: Executive summary. Ann Emerg Med May 1997; 29:647-649.]
Pet ownership may attenuate loneliness among older adult primary care patients who live alone

Objectives: Older adults who report feelings of loneliness are at increased risk for a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes, including early mortality. Identifying potential sources of social connectedness, such as pet ownership, could add to the understanding of how to promote health and well-being in older adults. The aim of this study is to describe the association of pet ownership and loneliness.Method: The current study utilizes cross-sectional survey data from a sample (N = 830) of older adult primary care patients (age ≥ 60 years).Results: Pet owners were 36% less likely than non-pet owners to report loneliness, in a model controlling for age, living status (i.e., alone vs. not alone), happy mood, and seasonal residency (adjOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.98, p < 0.05). An interaction was found between pet ownership and living status (b = −1.60, p < 0.001) in which living alone and not owning a pet was associated with the greatest odds of reporting feelings of loneliness.Conclusion: The...
Emotional Empathy and Associated Individual Differences

Emotional empathic tendency is defined as an individual’s characteristic inclination to respond with emotions similar to those of others who are present. Within a three-dimensional framework for describing temperament, more empathic persons were found to be more arousable, and secondarily, more pleasant. Greater skin conductance and heart-rate responses of more empathic persons to emotional stimuli confirmed their greater arousability. Also, more empathic individuals were more emotional, evidenced by their greater tendency to weep. Males were found consistently to be less empathic than females. Compared with parents of low-empathy subjects, those of high-empathy subjects were found to spend more time with their children, display more affection for them, and to be verbally more explicit about feelings. Also, more emphatic mothers were more tolerant of infant cries and were less prone to engage in child abuse. High-empathy, compared with low-empathy, subjects engaged more in altruistic behaviors, were less aggressive, more affiliative, rated positive social traits as more important, scored higher on measures of moral judgment, and volunteered more to help others. A modified Emotional Empathic Tendency Scale (EETS) for children correlated negatively with teacher ratings of child aggressiveness.
Parameter Trade Studies for Coherent Lidar Measurements of Wind from Space

The design of an orbiting wind profiling lidar requires selection of dozens of lidar, measurement scenario, and mission geometry parameters; in addition to prediction of atmospheric parameters. Typical mission designs do not include a thorough trade optimization of all of these parameters. We report here the integration of a recently published parameterization of coherent lidar wind velocity measurement performance with an orbiting coherent wind lidar computer simulation; and the use of these combined tools to perform some preliminary parameter trades. We use the 2006 NASA Global Wind Observing Sounder mission design as the starting point for the trades.