cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence health-seeking behaviors of patients experiencing acute stroke

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of serious, long-term disability. Patients who sustain a sudden ischemic stroke can benefit from the administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). rt-PA may reduce disability, yet few patients arrive in emergency departments in time to be eligible for rt-PA administration. The purpose of this study was to discover factors that influence patients' decision-making process when seeking treatment for acute-stroke symptoms. Qualitative inquiry using grounded-theory methods was used to elicit descriptions of the decision-making process. The primary purpose of grounded theory is to generate explanatory models of human behavior that are grounded in the data. A purposive sample of 10 clinically stable patients or their caregivers were interviewed after acute ischemic stroke. Data were analyzed and broken down into descriptive themes following the grounded-theory approach. Distinct themes emerged for patients who presented for treatment early and late. Five themes emerged for patients who presented late for treatment: lack of knowledge, fear of hospitals, denial, living alone, and preexisting health concerns. The theme that emerged from the group that presented early for treatment was previous history or knowledge of stroke. The most significant implication for practice identified in this study is that nurses must take a leading role in educating the public regarding symptoms, risk factors, and available treatments for stroke.
The user interface as document: SGML and distributed applications

Multi-user distributed applications running on heterogeneous networks must be able to display user interface components on several platforms. In wide-area public networks, such as the Internet, the mix of platforms and participants in an application will occur dynamically; the user interface will need to coexist with environments completely uncontrolled by the designer. We have dealt with this issue by considering user interfaces as a kind of document specifying the application's requirements and adopting SGML technology to process them locally. This approach provides new flexibility, with implications for the design of network browsers, such as those of the World Wide Web, and leads to an interesting class of active documents.
Extraperitoneal v Intraperitoneal Robotic Prostatectomy: Analysis of Operative Outcomes

Background and Purpose: Robotic prostatectomy can be performed either via an extra- or intraperitoneal approach. The extraperitoneal approach has advantages similar to those of an extraperitoneal open radical prostatectomy, but the potential disadvantages of a small working space. We report our experience using both approaches. Methods: From July 2003 to June 2004, 55 patients underwent a robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. During the first 6 months, 21 prostatectomies were performed using an intraperitoneal approach (group 1); 34 were performed using an extraperitoneal approach (group 2) during the next 6 months. Clinicopathologic parameters and perioperative complications were compared in both groups. All patients were categorized as intent-to-treat analysis. Results: Median surgery time was significantly shorter in the extraperitoneal compared with the intraperitoneal approach (3 hours and 34 minutes v 4 hours and 1 minute, respectively, P = 0.017). This was because of the shorter time interval ...
Direct identification of free-radical products ofO-atom reactions with olefins, using high-intensity molecular beams

Direct identification of the major and minor products produced by the reactions of O atoms with ethylene, propylene, 2-butene (cis and trans), and isobutene has been accomplished in experiments in which these reactions were studied in high-intensity crossed molecular beams. Detection of products was accomplished with a special photoionization mass spectrometer, designed for this study, having high selectivity for the detection of free radicals. In each of the reactions, two major observable reaction routes were established from the identity of the major observed products. In the reactions involving propylene and the butenes, several minor routes were similarly determined. The major products detected in this study were CH3, CHO, C2H5, C2H2O, C2H3O, C3H7, and C3H5O. For each of the reactions studied, the major products observed are in agreement with those which would have been predicted by the general mechanism for O+olefin reactions proposed by Cvetanovic.
Update on lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in the management of patients with melanocytic tumours

Summary Aims To communicate best practices for sentinel lymph node evaluation and assessment of prognosis for patients with melanoma. Methods Description and justification of approaches derive from experience with management of more than 2000 melanoma patients evaluated by lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy (LMSNB). Results Pathologists, by detecting blue dye or carbon particles or alterations in nodal cell populations should attempt to confirm that a node submitted as sentinel is truly sentinel. Pathologists must adequately sample the node by examining multiple tissue sections and determine the presence or absence of metastatic melanoma using sections stained by H&E and immunocytochemistry. Approximately 20% of patients have melanoma in the sentinel node (SN) and accurate evaluation of SN tumour status is the most precise technique for staging clinically localised cutaneous melanoma. The remaining non-sentinel nodes (NSN) in the basin are tumour-free in 67% of patients with melanoma in the SN. Breslow thickness of the primary, the area of tumour in the SN (relative to total nodal area) and density of dendritic leukocytes in the SN paracortex (factors that are combinable in prognostic algorithms) predict metastases in the NSN and the likelihood of recurrence and melanoma-specific death. Conclusions Careful pathological analysis is essential to determine the presence or absence of metastatic melanoma in sentinel nodes, findings that indicate whether completion lymphadenectomy is required. Quantitative analysis of the primary melanoma and the amount of tumour in the sentinel node, with evaluation of the dendritic cells in that node, provide invaluable information that predicts non-sentinel node tumour status with increased accuracy and the likelihood of future recurrence and death from melanoma. While these activities require considerable effort from pathologists, their clinical impact justifies the increased workload.
Structure and function of neurons in the complex of the nucleus electrosensorius of the gymnotiform fish Eigenmannia: detection and processing of electric signals in social communication.

The complex of the diencephalic nucleus electrosensorius (nE) provides an interface between the electrosensory processing performed by the torus semicircularis and the control of specific behavioral responses. The rostral portion of the nE comprises two subdivisions that differ in the response properties and projection patterns of their neurons. First, the nEb (Fig. 1 B), which contains neurons that are driven almost exclusively by beat patterns generated by the interference of electric organ discharges (EODs) of similar frequencies. Second, the area medial to the nEb, comprising the lateral pretectum (PT) and the nE-acusticolateralis region (nEar, Fig. 1 B-D), which contains neurons excited predominantly by EOD interruptions, signals associated with aggression and courtship. Neurons in the second area commonly receive convergent inputs originating from ampullary and tuberous electroreceptors, which respond to the low-frequency and high-frequency components of EOD interruptions, respectively. Projections of these neurons to hypothalamic areas linked to the pituitary may mediate modulations of a fish's endocrine state that are caused by exposure to EOD interruptions of its mate.
Intercombination lines in Mg I-like Ti XI, V XII, Cr XIII, and Fe XV spectra obtained from a tokamak plasma

Abstract Intercombination 3s 2 1 S 0 −3s3p 3 P 1 lines have been measured and identified in the titanium, vanadium, chromium and iron spectra isoelectronic with Mg I. The wavelengths and brightnesses of the lines obtained from a tokamak plasma are discussed.
Glucocorticoid receptor upregulation during seawater adaptation in a euryhaline teleost, the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

Abstract Cortisol is an important seawater (SW) osmoregulatory hormone in the Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ), a highly euryhaline cichlid able to live in environments ranging from fresh water (FW) to salinities well in excess of full-strength seawater. Previous studies indicate that cortisol may promote SW adaptation by increasing gill chloride cell differentiation, Na + /K + -ATPase activity and subsequent excretion of excess salt following seawater acclimation. Despite cortisol’s widely accepted role as a SW-adapting hormone, cortisol receptor regulation during SW acclimation is not well understood. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR) might be regulated in a manner consistent with cortisol’s actions in SW adaptation. Saturation radioligand binding assays were conducted on gill cytoplasm preparations from fish sampled 4 and 24 h and 4 and 14 days after transfer from FW to 2/3 SW or FW (control). Affinity ( K d ) of the gill GR remained constant over the timecourse, while numbers of receptors ( B max ) in SW fish were significantly elevated compared with controls at 24 h and 4 days after transfer. Plasma osmolality was higher in fish transferred to SW for 24 h, 4 days, and 14 days compared with those animals moved to FW. Plasma cortisol levels and hepatic cortisol binding remained constant between SW and FW fish throughout the timecourse of the salinity challenge. These studies indicate that seawater acclimation is accompanied by a specific upregulation of intracellular GR numbers in gill tissue. The lack of increase in circulating cortisol following SW adaptation may reflect enhancement of clearance of the steroid. It appears that an increase in cortisol receptors, which is closely associated with the rise in blood osmotic pressure that accompanies SW exposure, is an important component of cortisol’s ability to promote SW adaptation in the tilapia.
Sard’s theorem for mappings between Fréchet manifolds

We prove an infinite-dimensional version of Sard’s theorem for Frechet manifolds. Let M (respectively, N) be a bounded Frechet manifold with compatible metric d M (respectively, d N ) modeled on Frechet spaces E (respectively, F) with standard metrics. Let f : M → N be an MC k -Lipschitz–Fredholm map with k > max{Ind f, 0}: Then the set of regular values of f is residual in N.
Plasmacytoid DCs fail to soar without Ikaros

Comment on Allman et al, page [4025][1] The developmental pathway of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is poorly understood. In this issue of Blood, Allman and colleagues break new ground by demonstrating that the transcription factor Ikaros is crucial for terminal differentiation of pDCs. Plasmacytoid
Mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash/vinyl ester syntactic foams

Abstract Vinyl ester matrix syntactic foams filled with hollow fly ash cenospheres are evaluated for quasi-static and high strain rate compressive, flexural and thermal properties. The results are analyzed to understand the effect of cenosphere parameters such as density and wall thickness on the properties of syntactic foams. The elastic energy absorption under compression, until the peak stress, increased with increasing strain rates for all cenosphere volume fractions. The flexural strength decreased by 73% while the flexural modulus increased by 47% at 60 vol.% cenospheres, in comparison to the neat resin. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was observed to decrease by 48% corresponding to an increase in cenosphere content from 30 to 60 vol.%. Cenospheres are produced as a by-product of coal combustion and their structure contains numerous defects. Therefore, mechanical properties of cenospheres cannot be directly measured. An existing theoretical model was utilized to predict the cenosphere modulus using the experimental flexural modulus values and the results were confirmed with the CTE values. These results can be used to tailor the mechanical and thermal properties of syntactic foams based on the application parameters.
On-Line Handling System for the NBS Linac

To meet the needs of the new Linac facility at the National Bureau of Standards, an SDS 920 digital computer has been obtained for concurrent on-line processing of data from several independent experiments. The system surrounding the computer contains several novel devices for allowing convenient real time operator control on computer functions and to provide privacy of programs by means of priority interrupt lines controlling the sequence of operation. A family of building blocks is being developed for the input of information. Surprisingly, the requirements of all nuclear physics experiments projected for the facility can be met with only six different blocks; an Analog Voltage Analog to Digital Converter, a Digital Register Unit, a Spectrum Analog to Digital Converter, a scaler, and a Group Enable Unit. These devices all feed information into the computer via a Multiplex Register Unit. The man machine interface is made flexible by the use of two decoding units, one for outgoing signals and one for sense switch type information to be used in computer control. The conventional computer output devices are supplemented in this system by direct analog, digital, graphic and scope output of data.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

There is compelling evidence for endothelial dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. This dysfunction is manifest as blunting of the biologic effect of a potent endothelium-derived vasodilator, nitric oxide, and increased production of vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II, ET-1, and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism. These agents and other cytokines and growth factors whose production they stimulate cause acute increases in vascular tone, resulting in increases in blood pressure, and vascular and cardiac remodeling that contributes to the microvascular, macrovascular, and renal complications in diabetes. Reactive oxygen species, overproduced in diabetics, serve as signaling molecules that mediate many of the cellular biochemical reactions that result in these deleterious effects. Adverse vascular consequences associated with endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus are Decreased nitric oxide formation, release, and action Increased formation of reactive oxygen species Decreased prostacyclin formation and release Increased formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoid Increased formation and release of ET-1 Increased lipid oxidation Increased cytokine and growth factor production Increased adhesion molecule expression Hypertension Changes in heart and vessel wall structure Acceleration of the atherosclerotic process Treatment with antioxidants and with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system may reverse some of the pathologic vascular changes associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Finiteness properties of groups

Recall that a group r is said to be of type FP, (resp. FP,) if the ZT-module Z admits a projective resolution which is finitely generated in dimensions <n (resp. in all dimensions), cf. [4] or [S]. For example, r is of type FP, if and only if it is finitely generated, and r is of type FP, if it is finitely presented. (The converse of the last assertion is not known.) In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for r to be of type FP,. The condition involves the homological properties of a suitable topological space X on which r acts. It is quite easy to use in practice, once one has a suitable X. We will illustrate this by giving several non-trivial examples. In Section 1 we recall a well-known sufficient condition for the FP, property. We then give our necessary and sufficient condition in Section 2 (Theorem 2.2). Section 3 contains a similar result about finite presentability. The remainder of the paper deals with examples. In Section 4 we treat several infinite families of groups, which include some finitely presented simple groups first constructed by R.J. Thompson in 1965 and later generalized by Higman. They also include a certain group F, also constructed by Thompson, which later reappeared in homotopy theory and was eventually shown to be of type FP, [lo]. We will give a unified proof that all the groups r in these families are finitely presented and of type FP,. We will also show that these groups all satisfy H*(T, ZT) = 0. This had previously been proven for some of them by Brown and Geoghegan. In Section 5 we consider a sequence of groups H,, (n2 1) introduced by Houghton [18]. Using methods surprisingly similar to those used for the ThompsonHigman groups, we show that H,, is of type FP,_, but not FP,. Finally, in Section 6 we look at a sequence r’ of solvable S-arithmetic groups first studied by Abels [l]. The work of various people (see [2] for references) has led to the result that r, is of type FP, _ 1 but not FP, . We give a new proof of this result by applying the criterion of Section 2 to the action of r, on a certain Bruhat-Tits building.
Some Experimental Observations on Circulating Currents in a Crossed Field Plasma Accelerator

Experiments on a thermally ionized argon plasma suggest that applying a Lorentz force by means of orthogonal electric and magnetic fields to an electrically conducting fluid flow imposes necessary but not sufficient conditions for acceleration. There are, in fact, many combinations of current and magnetic field which cause decelerations of the fluid. The deceleration arises from a retarding force which may be larger than the applied Lorentz force. The retarding force causing the deceleration is a consequence of currents circulating completely within the fluid. These currents arise from differences in velocity between the central and wall regions of the duct which interact with the imposed magnetic field to produce differences in induced voltages. The observed physical effects of the circulating currents cause a loss in velocity in the central region of the duct, an increase in thermal energy in the sidewall region, and little change in thermal energy near the electrode wall region. For similar velocity profiles, the adverse effects appear to be related to the product of electrical conductivity and velocity, and performance as an accelerator appears to be controlled by the Hoffman loading parameter (i.e., the ratio of the applied to the induced currents).
A Pulsed System for Obtaining Microdosimetric Data with High Intensity Beams

The use of heavy particle accelerators for radiation therapy requires high intensity beams in order to produce useful dose rates. The 800-MeV proton beam at LAMPF passes through different production targets to generate secondary pion beams. Conventional microdosimetric techniques are not applicable under these conditions because exceedingly high count rates result in detector damage, gas breakdown, and saturation effects in the electronics. We describe a new microdosimetric system developed at the Pion Biomedical Channel of LAMPF. The accelerator provides a variable low intensity pulse once every ten high intensity macropulses. The voltage on the detector is pulsed in coincidence with the low intensity pulse so that we were able to operate the detector under optimum data-taking conditions. A low noise two-stage preamplifier was built in connection with the pulsed mode operation. A comparison is made between data obtained in pulsed (high intensity beam) and unpulsed (low intensity beam) modes. The spectra obtained by the two methods agree within the experimental uncertainties.
Visible emission from ZnO doped with rare-earth ions

We report the results of a cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) study of ZnO-bulk single crystals and epilayer thin-film samples grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate and doped by implantation with rare-earth ions (RE3+): Pr3+ , Dy3+ , Ho3+ , Er3+ , Tm3+ (bulk crystals, co-doped with Li), Sm3+, Dy3+, and Er3+ (epilayers). The PL and PL excitation (PLE) spectra of polycrystalline ZnO doped with RE3+ ions (Nd3+, Dy3+, Er3+, and Tm3+) and co-doped with Li+, Cl-, and N- ions have also been studied.
Charge transfer and X-ray emission from supernova remnants

The X-ray line emission excited by charge transfer between neutral hydrogen and the hydrogenic or fully stripped ions of heavy elements has been computed for a grid of nonequilibrium ionization models for supernova remnants. The effects of charge transfer excitation on the X-ray spectra of supernova remnants are discussed. The charge transfer process depends very sensitively upon the abundance of neutral hydrogen behind the shock. Consequently, a careful treatment of the ionization of hydrogen was required. The model line fluxes are compared with those excited by conventional collisional processes involving electrons. Results are presented in the form of contour plots for both the flux excited by charge transfer and the ratio of the charge transfer flux to that associated solely with collisional processes involving electrons. Charge transfer never contributes more than 10 percent of the flux of the strongest electron collisionally excited lines, and its contribution is typically 0.001 to 10 to the -5th for a shock moving into a medium composed of neutral hydrogen.
Sympathetic Ganglion Cell Changes in Adrenalectomized Animals

SummaryThe cells of the autonomic ganglia of cats deprived of their adrenal glands for a sufficient time to bring about classica1 signs of adrenal insufficiency present definite degenerative changes. These changes vary in degree directly with the severity of the insufficiency as indicated by the physical signs. No definite statement can be made as to the significance of these findings in so far as our studies are concerned but the suggestion is offered that autonomic ganglion cell degeneration may explain some of the vasomotor disturbances in adrenal insufficiency. Neither is it possible to offer an explanation as to how the adrenal insufficiency affects the ganglion cells–whether as a part of a general metabolic disturbance or in some more direct. or even more complex, manner.
Androgen replacement in children with constitutional delay of puberty: the case for aggressive therapy

Puberty describes the complex physiological transition between childhood and adulthood. Dramatic physical changes occur, most notably the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the pubertal growth spurt. During the adolescent growth spurt, growth velocity increases from pre-pubertal rates of 4–6 cm per year to as much as 10–15 cm per year. Accompanying the increase in gonadal steroids is an increase in amplitude of growth hormone secretory bursts. Evidence suggests that adequate growth hormone and gonadal steroids are both necessary for the attainment of a normal pubertal growth velocity, and the complex interplay between these two hormonal axes is under intense investigation. Delayed onset of puberty, or constitutional delay of growth and adolescence, is a common phenomenon presenting particularly in boys. Physiologically, it represents an extension of the normal pre-pubertal hypogonadotropic hypogonadal state. Without intervention, these children will spontaneously undergo puberty and often reach their genetic height potential, but their delay compared with that of their peers is often of concern to the children and their families. Recent evidence suggests long-term physiological benefits of early androgen replacement therapy in these boys, including maximizing attained bone mineral density. Androgen replacement therapy in male adolescents with constitutional delay of growth and adolescence is beneficial psychologically as well as physiologically and should be initiated promptly.
Parasitism of Phyllophaga hirticula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by Heterorhabditis heliothidis and Steinernema carpocapsae

Abstract A series of laboratory assays and tests was conducted to determine the route(s) of parasitism of Phyllophaga hirticula larvae by the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis heliothidis as well as the mechanism(s) responsible for the relative resistance of these grubs to nematode parasitism. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the spiracles were cribiform in structure with a spiracular plate punctured with aeropyles that were the only openings to the trachae. These openings were too small (6 × 3 μm) for entry by nematodes measuring 25 μm in diameter. Penetration of the cuticle was not observed. Parasitism was higher when nematodes entered through the mouth rather than the anus. Nematodes penetrated the wall of midguts dissected from Galleria mellonella larvae faster than midgut walls dissected from P. hirticula larvae. Histological studies showed the peritrophic membrane to be much denser in P. hirticula than in G. mellonella and, thus, probably acted as a barrier to nematode parasitism. Video tapes of nematode behavior within excised midguts of G. mellonella showed that penetration of the midgut wall was due to random movements of the nematodes within the midgut. Once a hole was created by a nematode, others also escaped through the opening. However, food passing through the alimentary tract may remove a large proportion of the nematodes prior to penetration of the wall.
Long-term outcome of phase II trial evaluating chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the long-term outcome of chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery for patients with locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods and materials Thirty-eight patients with locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer were entered into a Phase II study between November 1996 and October 1998 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patients initially received two cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel (200 mg/m 2 ), 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m 2 /d for 5 days), and cisplatin (15 mg/m 2 /d for 5 days), followed by chemoradiotherapy, consisting of radiation (45 Gy during 5 weeks) with 5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m 2 /d during radiation) and cisplatin (15 mg/m 2 /d for 5 days). Surgical resection was performed 4–6 weeks after the completion of the chemoradiotherapy. Results Most patients had adenocarcinoma ( n = 32; 84%). Pretreatment endoscopic ultrasonography revealed T3 tumors in 33 patients (87%) and N1 disease in 25 patients (66%). Thirty-seven patients (97%) completed the planned chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, and 35 patients (92%) underwent surgery, with a 30-day mortality rate of 6% (2 of 35 patients). A pathologic complete response or microscopic residual carcinoma ( Conclusion The long-term results of this study suggest that the strategy of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy and surgery is safe and warrants further evaluation in the treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer.
Potential Impact of the Growth Hormone and Other Technology on the United States Dairy Industry by the Year 2000

The United States dairy industry is projected to go through a major transition by the 2000 with some regions experiencing more change than others. Population growth plus medical discoveries favorable to certain dairy products combined with strengthened marketing programs could increase consumption of milk equivalent from the present 66.3 to 72.1 million metric tons by the yr 2000. Ongoing genetic, feeding, and management improvements could raise average milk production per cow from the 1984 level of 5,680 kg to 7,425 kg by 2000. If growth hormone biotechnology is adopted, average production per cow could reach 9,281 kg by the 21st century. This could reduce US dairy cow numbers 30% from the present 11.1 million to 7.8 million by the yr 2000. Likewise, the dairy industry and others could expect approximately 92,500 fewer commercial dairy farms, a decrease of 51%. This would mean 195,000 fewer employees and 3.6 to 4.1 million fewer crop hectares would be required. A transition of this magnitude will require indepth planning by legislators, policy makers, university teaching, research, and extension personnel, agribusiness, industry representatives, and dairy producers to cope with the necessary adjustments.
CEO Attitudes as Determinants of Organization Design: An Integrated Model

This paper argues that micro-level individual properties may be expressed in choices of macro-level organizational features. In particular, we believe that social-psychological attitudes of chief executive officers and general managers are a critical contingency in organization design and strategy that has not been developed sufficiently in previous studies. When actual organization designs devi ate from contingency-theory prescriptions, individual properties of top managers may account for within-industry variation. These attitudes include need for achievement, Machiavellianism, locus of control, egalitarianism, trust in people, tolerance for ambiguity, risk propensity, and level of moral reasoning. A compre hensive theory and summary propositions are deduced from related research. The theory includes prediction of the circumstances that facilitate and impede top managers' abilities to design organizations according to their preferences.
Developing and testing a taxonomy of lateness behavior

Employee lateness has long been recognized by organizations as a behavior necessitating monitoring and control (e.g., Motley, 1926). Company rules and regulations for employees almost always contain a section that communicates the organization’s policies for handling employee lateness. The costs associated with employee lateness include the loss of late-employee productivity, the administration time of supervisors (e.g., counseling—disciplining late employees), and the negative impact on other workers who have to pick up the slack (Cascio, 1987). For many years, application-oriented articles have been written discussing how to prevent or reduce employee lateness (e.g., Kempen, 1982; Kennedy, 1984; Kite, 1984; Ruchti, 1967).
Analysis of human HPRT deletion mutations with X‐linked probes and pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Because the human hprt gene is used in numerous mutation studies, it is important to fully characterize this gene. Therefore, our laboratory has undertaken to map the region around the hprt gene at band q26 of the human X chromosome. Utilizing hprt mutant T-cell clones isolated using the hprt clonal assay, which have deletions of all or part of the hprt gene, we have ordered 5 anonymous probes previously known to map in Xq26. Results suggest that this region includes between 460 kb and 18 Mb of DNA, which is at least 10 times the size of the hprt gene itself (43 kb). Pulsed field gel analysis of the region is underway to determine the exact distances between each of the anonymous probes and hprt and to determine deletion sizes in the mutant T-cell clones.
Applying the free market philosophy to healthcare

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to support the claim that socialism is ineffective and inefficient, and that this insight applies to socialized medicine, as well as all other forms of socialism.Design/methodology/approach – The main method utilized in this paper is the application of basic supply and demand analysis, based on private property rights and profit considerations, to healthcare.Findings – It is found that the application of these basic elements of economics to healthcare demonstrates that free enterprise can better attain the ends of healthcare than can socialism.Research limitations/implications – Future research should focus on the anomaly that most people view socialism with great disdain, but not when it comes to health care. Why the logical disconnect?Practical implications – The Soviet Union went through economic paroxysms in ridding itself of socialism. If the implications of this research are implemented, these can be avoided in our health care system.Social implications – The i...
Curating contemporary African art: questions of mega-exhibitions and Western influences

Berry Bickle. Between: Moment Green, 2010. 3 streams of video projection; moment RED, moment GREEN, moment BLACK. DVD pal RED 6.12 GREEN 4.04 BLACK 5.15 on loop. Image courtesy of the artist This e...
Compound scanning with a phased array

Compound scans made with a dynamically focussed phased array system have been produced in real time. The scanner, intended for abdominal imaging, has a large field of view. The compounding improves the acquisition of echoes from specular targets by changing the orientation of the insonifying beam and also reduces the speckle noise in grey scale images. These gains are achieved while maintaining the high resolution and flexibility of a computer controlled phased array sector scanner. The configuration of the compound scanner is described, and in vivo abdominal scans are presented.
Hydrogen rearrangements in cyclic phosphates during the electron impact‐induced fragmentation

The fragmentation upon electron impact of a cyclic phosphate, 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-2-phenoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, was investigated. Using its deuterated analogue, it was shown that no randomization of hydrogen atoms among methyl, methylene and phenyl groups occurred within the molecular ion. The majority of the fragmentations involved single, double or triple hydrogen transfers. The origin of hydrogen(s) transferred in the formation of C-5 ions was also estimated. The existence both specific and nonspecific hydrogen rearrangement mechanisms was also revealed. The specific hydrogen rearrangement involves a methyl hydrogen transferring to the PO group and this process seemed to be the initial step in the formation of many of the ions.
Slow-light dynamics of large-bandwidth pulses in warm rubidium vapor

We study slow-light propagation dynamics in warm Rb vapor. We present data showing significant pulse reshaping when the bandwidth of the pulses is increased and present a model that qualitatively explains the observed behavior. Our data and modeling emphasize how the Doppler broadening in a warm vapor strongly affects the propagation of high-frequency components and leads to unintuitive features on the transmitted pulse shapes. This has important consequences for applications involving the delay of large-bandwidth pulses.
The dissemination of a social intervention: Process and effectiveness of two types of paraprofessional change agents

This study was a beginning step in the dissemination of a successful intervention into delinquency which had previously used only university undergraduates as paraprofessional change agents. The interventions implemented and the comparative effectiveness of community college and university undergraduate paraprofessionals were examined using both process and outcome data. It was found that in general the community college paraprofessionals did fewer purposeful activities with their youth, but there were no differences in impact on areas such as youth's perceived positive change at home and school, self-reported delinquency, and amount and frequency of recidivism. In fact, both groups had positive impact on rate of recidivism which surpassed a treatment-as-usual comparison group. Implications for the dissemination of such programs were discussed.
Chronic bilateral T1 denervation in women with macromastia.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify the pattern of neurological deficits and document electrophysiological changes in women with macromastia. Methods: Patients with macromastia and neurological complaints underwent clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies of the upper limbs. Results: Findings include low-amplitude medial antebrachial cutaneous (MACN) sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) and median compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and chronic denervation changes in the bilateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles on needle electrode examination (NEE), indicating axonal loss in the bilateral T1 distribution. Conclusions: The EDx data are in keeping with lesions involving bilateral T1 anterior primary rami (APR). Potential sites of compromise of the T1 APR are discussed. Further study of the effect of treatment for macromastia on the clinical and EDx findings is proposed. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Sex steroidal hormones and respiratory control

There is a growing public awareness that sex hormones can have an impact on a variety of physiological processes. Yet, despite almost a century of research, we still do not have a clear picture as to the effects of sex hormones on the regulation of breathing. Considerable data has accumulated showing that estrogen, progesterone and testosterone can influence respiratory function in animals and humans. Several disorders of breathing such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) show clear sex differences in their prevalence, lending weight to the importance of sex hormones in respiratory control. This review focuses on questions such as: how early do sex hormones influence breathing? Which is the most effective? Where do sex hormones exert their effects? What mechanisms are involved? Are there age-associated changes? A clearer understanding of how sex hormones influence the control of breathing could enable sex- and age-specific therapeutic interventions for diseases of the respiratory control system.
Integrated Micro Coaxial Air-Lines with Perforations

Three-dimensional micro coaxial transmission lines have been fabricated and measured on CMOS grade silicon wafers. One of the unique features of the structure is the perforated, coral-like outer shield and signal line which provides a means to control characteristic impedance and facilitates sacrificial layer removal after multi-layer deposition. These lines can thus be used to realize multilayer vertical interconnects with embedded MEM devices for RF to mm-wave frequencies. Measured S-parameters through 40 GHz for lines of varying impedance and perforation density are presented.
Headless Myo10 Is a Negative Regulator of Full-length Myo10 and Inhibits Axon Outgrowth in Cortical Neurons

Myo10 is an unconventional myosin that localizes to and induces filopodia, structures that are critical for growing axons. In addition to the ~240-kDa full-length Myo10, brain expresses a ~165 kDa isoform that lacks a functional motor domain and is known as headless Myo10. We and others have hypothesized that headless Myo10 acts as an endogenous dominant negative of full-length Myo10, but this hypothesis has not been tested, and the function of headless Myo10 remains unknown. We find that cortical neurons express both headless and full-length Myo10 and report the first isoform-specific localization of Myo10 in brain, which shows enrichment of headless Myo10 in regions of proliferating and migrating cells, including the embryonic ventricular zone and the postnatal rostral migratory stream. We also find that headless and full-length Myo10 are expressed in embryonic and neuronal stem cells. To directly test the function of headless and full-length Myo10, we used RNAi specific to each isoform in mouse cortical neuron cultures. Knockdown of full-length Myo10 reduces axon outgrowth, whereas knockdown of headless Myo10 increases axon outgrowth. To test whether headless Myo10 antagonizes full-length Myo10, we coexpressed both isoforms in COS-7 cells, which revealed that headless Myo10 suppresses the filopodia-inducing activity of full-length Myo10. Together, these results demonstrate that headless Myo10 can function as a negative regulator of full-length Myo10 and that the two isoforms of Myo10 have opposing roles in axon outgrowth.
USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, CIGARETTE SMOKING, AND RISK OF SUBARACHNOID HÆMORRHAGE

Abstract In a large cohort of women, the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage was significantly associated both with cigarette smoking and with use of oral contraceptives (o.c.s). The risk of cigarette smokers was 5·7 times that of non-smokers; for current users of o.c.s the risk was 6·5 times that of non-users. The risk in women who both smoked cigarettes and used o.c.s was 22 times that of women who neither smoked nor used o.c.s. Past use of o.c.s was also significantly associated with increased risk of subarachnoid haemor- rhage, the relative risk being 5·3. There was some evi- dence that risk may increase with duration of O.C. use. In this series no significant associations were found between occurence of subarachnoid haemorrhage and history of hypertension or of migraine headache.
Urticaria and Arthralgias as Manifestations of Necrotizing Angiitis (Vasculitis)

Although necrotizing angiitis (vasculitis) of the superficial venules and capillaries of the skin is usually appreciated visually as a purpuric papule, a group of patients has been defined in whom all of the skin lesions were urticarial. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens showed fibrinoid necrosis of the blood-vessel walls, an infiltrate containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fragmentation of cell nuclei, and extravasation of erythrocytes. Arthralgias were present in 7 of the 8 patients and arthritis in 3 of these. Two of the patients experienced episodes of abdominal pain. A syndrome of chronic refractory urticaria accompanied by arthralgias and occasionally arthritis or abdominal pain and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was recognized in nonatopic female patients and appears to be a manifestation of an underlying necrotizing angiitis.
Machine layout: an optimization and knowledge-based approach

SUMMARY In this paper the machine layout problem in an automated manufacturing system is addressed. Two models for solving the machine layout problem are developed. A knowledge-based system for machine layout (KBML) is presented. K.BML combines the optimization and expert system approaches and considers quantitative as well as qualitative factors while solving the machine layout problem. The system is coded in Common LISP and implemented on a Symbolics 3650 machine. It is illustrated with a numerical example.
Salad Bars and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Elementary Schools: A Plate Waste Study

Abstract The object of this study was to determine whether students attending schools with self-service salad bars consume a greater amount of fruits and vegetables compared with students using preportioned servings and to evaluate the relationship between number of items offered and fruit and vegetable consumption. Two hundred ninety-four students in first through fifth grade were randomly selected from two schools with salad bars and two with preportioned servings. Weights of fruit and vegetable items were measured pre- and postconsumption and interobserver agreement ±1 g was ≥95%. Presence of a salad bar was not associated with greater fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable consumption was positively related to the number of fruit and vegetable items offered at salad bars ( P
Causality, stability and inverse systems

A definition of linear systems is given in terms of convolution operations using a sequence of Markov matrices. A sequence of (block) Toeplitz matrices is constructed from the set of Markov matrices and is shown to act as a sequence of input-output maps for system records. Inverse systems and minimum phase systems are defined and properties including causality and stability established. These results are used to examine system input sequences which produce zero output sequences. Applications in identification theory are indicated.
The effects of orbital degeneracy and near degeneracy upon the g-values of organic free radicals

Abstract The temperature dependence of the g-values of the anion radicals in the series benzene, monodeuterobenzene, iso-propylbenzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and p-xylene has been measured. All the g-values display negative temperature coefficients. At a fixed temperature the g-values decrease as one moves through the series. Our results suggest that there are two contributions to the observed g-value for the benzene anion, i.e., ion-pairing effects and thermal averaging over vibronic excited states. In the case of the alkyl-substituted benzene anions there may be an additional mechanism, i.e., that of thermal averaging over the two electronic states which in the case of the benzene anion radical are degenerate.
Device-independent representation of photometric properties of a camera

In this paper we propose a compact device-independent representation of the photometric properties of a camera, especially the vignetting effect. This representation can be computed by recovering the photometric parameters at sparsely sampled device configurations (defined by aperture, focal length and so on). More importantly, this can then be used for accurate prediction of the photometric parameters at other new device configurations where they have not been measured.
The Orient in Spain: Converted Muslims, The Forged Lead Books of Granada, and the Rise of Orientalism

Historians of early-modern Spain will be well acquainted with the Sacramonte Lead Books and the parchment of Turpiana Tower, forged documents from sixteenth-century Granada. What readers will find ...
Levine’s Framework in Long-Term Ventilated Patients During the Weaning Course

Within the context of Levine’s conceptual framework, this study evaluated fatigue and protein calorie malnutrition affecting adult, long-term ventilated patients during the weaning process. Levine’s principles of energy and structural integrity provided the basis for an evaluation of the fatigue and prealbumin levels for 11 patients. During the weaning process (1 to 4 weeks), fatigue data were collected at multiple points while prealbumin levels were collected weekly. Statistically significant findings revealed that long-term ventilated patients had distinctive fatigue trends in addition to trends associated with low prealbumin levels, which can affect the patient’s weaning ability.
Efficiently Enumerating All Connected Induced Subgraphs of a Large Molecular Network

In systems biology, the solution space for a broad range of problems is composed of sets of functionally associated biomolecules. Since connectivity in molecular interaction networks is an indicator of functional association, such sets can be identified from connected induced subgraphs of molecular interaction networks. Applications typically quantify the relevance (e.g., modularity, conservation, disease association) of connected subnetworks using an objective function and use a search algorithm to identify sets of subnetworks that maximize this objective function. Efficient enumeration of connected subgraphs of a large graph is therefore useful for these applications, and many existing search algorithms can be used for this purpose. However, there is a lack of non-heuristic algorithms that minimize the total number of subgraphs evaluated during the search for subgraphs that maximize the objective function. Here, we propose and evaluate an algorithm that reduces the computations necessary to enumerate subgraphs that maximize an objective function given a monotonically decreasing bounding function.