cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hg(II) reduction by siderite (FeCO3)

Abstract In groundwater, chemical reactions of Hg(II) with mineral surfaces play an important role in determining the concentration of mercury that is mobile and bioavailable. In this study, we investigated Hg(II) reduction by the ferrous carbonate mineral, siderite (FeCO 3 ), to better understand reductive transformation of mercury in anoxic carbonate-bearing waters. Kinetic experiments and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) were conducted to examine the rate and mechanism of Hg(II) reaction with siderite. Hg(II) was reacted with synthesized siderite mineral at various concentrations and the subsequently formed Hg(0) was measured to assess the extent of mercury reduction by siderite. Our experimental data showed that Hg(II) reduction by siderite resulted in the loss of Hg when reacted with siderite mineral suspensions concurrent to formation of gaseous Hg(0). Hg(II) reduction occurred within minutes and reaction rates increased with increasing siderite surface area. XAS analysis confirmed that Hg(II) was reduced to Hg(0) and revealed that reduced mercury was sorbed to siderite surfaces suggesting that electron transfer reactions occur at siderite/water interface. The results of our study suggest that Hg(II) reduction by siderite is a kinetically favorable pathway for the mercury mobilization in ferruginous carbonate-bearing waters.
Stream-Gaging Network in the United States

National stream-gaging program is analyzed with regard to size and cost; comparison with other countries and between States; deficiencies are pinpointed and changes recommended; modified program of areal stream gaging is described that would overcome some of deficiencies.
Incidence and Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism in Abdominoplasty

Background The prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a high priority in aesthetic surgery. Abdominoplasty is the aesthetic procedure most commonly associated with VTE, yet the mechanisms for the development of VTE associated with this procedure are unclear. Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and predictors of VTE in patients undergoing abdominoplasty procedures in outpatient surgery centers using data from the Internet Based Quality Assurance Program (IBQAP). Methods IBQAP data from 2001 to 2011 were queried retrospectively to identify abdominoplasty cases and VTE cases. Patient- and procedure-specific variables were analyzed to identify potential predictors of VTE in abdominoplasty. Results Among all outpatient aesthetic surgery cases entered from 2001 to 2011, 414 resulted in VTE, representing a VTE incidence of 0.02%. Of these, 240 (58%) occurred in abdominoplasty cases. Predictors of VTE were age greater than 40 years and BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. Patient sex, duration of anesthesia and surgery, type of anesthesia, type of additional procedure, and number of procedures did not appear to influence the risk of VTE. Importantly, 95.5% of the VTEs identified for this study occurred in patients whose Caprini risk assessment model score was between 2 and 8, which would not be an indication for chemoprophylaxis according to current recommendations. Conclusions Many factors must be considered when determining the true incidence of VTE in abdominoplasty. Research is needed to discover the reason abdominoplasty carries a greater risk compared with other aesthetic surgery procedures so that appropriate steps can be taken to prevent its occurrence and improve the safety of the procedure.
Patterning mechanism of metal based hybrid EUV resists

EUV lithography is nowadays considered as one of the most feasible choices for high volume manufacturing. In this work, we wish to report a series of studies aiming at shedding more light on the development mechanism of metal based EUV hybrid photoresists. We have studied zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) based hybrid resists which have shown high sensitivity, they suffer though from scumming issues. On the other hand, our clusters based on zinc (Zn) which absorbs strongly in EUV seem to be free of scumming but still Zr and Hf outperform in terms of sensitivity. In an effort to understand better what controls sensitivity and scumming phenomena we have employed a combination of analytical techniques (Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ESI-MS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS, and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR) to study the patterning mechanism in detail, in order to be able to optimize the development process and develop systems with optimal features.
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF SF6 IN DIVERGENT FIELD CONFIGURATION

ABSTRACT As part of a program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the New York State ERDA to develop a sheet wound, gas insulated power transformer it was necessary to establish performance characteristics of SF6 in divergent fields. This paper presents the results of this investigation to determine the critical breakdown and withstand gradients of SF6 at 45 psig in divergent fields with enhancement factors in the range of ˜ 1 to 6. Voltages up to 500 kV rms sixty-hertz, 1000 kV switching impulse, and 1100 kV lightning impulse were investigated. Rounded edge disks mounted perpendicular to a ground plane were used to produce the desired fields. Edge radii were 0.25, 0.5, and 2.5 inches. Tests were made with both bare disks and disks coated with 15 mils of epoxy. The experiments were all performed above the critical pressure for the geometry used, and direct breakdown stresses agree closely with published data using smaller radii.
Spectra and structure of organophosphorus compounds: Part XXI. Microwave spectrum and structure of CH3POF2 re-visited

Abstract The microwave spectrum of methylphosphonic difluoride, CH3POF2, has been reinvestigated from 18.5 to 40.0 GHz. Both a-type and b-type transitions were observed and R-branch assignments have been made for the ground vibrational state. The determined rotational constants were found to be: A = 4495.91 ± 0.04, B = 4271.86 ± 0.03 and C = 4125.90 ± 0.03 MHz. A diagnostic least squares adjustment of the heavy atom structural parameters yielded the following bond lengths and angles: r(P-C) = 1.795 ± 0.019 A, r(P-F) = 1.544 ± 0.011 A, r(PO) = 1.442 ± 0.009 A, ∠FPF = 99.2 ± 1.0°, ∠FPC = 100.5 ± 2.3°, and ∠CPO = 118.2 ± 1.5°. The values of the dipole moment components were determined from the Stark effect to be: ¦μa¦ = 3.50 ± 0.25, ¦μb¦ = 1.15 ± 0.07, ¦μc¦ = 0.0 and ¦μt¦ = 3.69 ± 0.26 D. These results are compared to corresponding quantities for similar molecules.
Lectures on Vector Spaces of Analytic Functions

These lectures deal with the field of interaction between the theory of analytic functions and functional analysis. In the first section, we shall study the classical theory of analytic functions of a single complex variable, using functional analysis as a tool to obtain some basic classical theorems like Cauchy’s integral theorem and the Mittag-Leffler theorem. In the second section, we dualize a gap theorem of C. Renyi for periodic entire functions to obtain some approximation theorems. One of these is a theorem about weighted polynomial approximation on the integers. In the third section we make a new application of perturbation of a basis in a Banach space to prove uniqueness theorems for analytic functions of one and of several complex variables. In the fourth section, we sketch a theory of duality of vector spaces of entire functions that leads to the solution of the problem of spectral synthesis for mean-periodic entire functions of one complex variable. The remainder of the lectures is devoted to a study of the space of bounded analytic functions in various weak topologies.
Control of High Speed Material Handling Manipulators

Significant advantages can be realized by achieving high-speed material handling manipulators, e.g. robots and AS/RS, without the weight and mechanical precision associated with traditional devices.
Reflection-Mirage Measurements of Thermal Diffusivity

The experimental technique for the measurement of thermal diffusivity using the mirage effect, or optical probe beam detection of thermal waves in opaque solids has been described elsewhere. [1–3] This is carried out by scanning the probe beam relative to the heating beam with a constant height, h. The separation, x0, of the two points on either side of the center of such a scan where the phase of the transverse deflection signal reaches ninety decrees effectively measures the thermal wavelength, λ = 2(πα /f)1/2 in the solid. The determination of the thermal diffusivity, a, is accomplished by plotting this separation versus the inverse square root of the frequency. It has been shown theoretically [4,5] that the ratios of the slopes of such plots correspond, in the low frequency limit, to the ratios of the actual diffusivities of the solid. The numerical constant which relates the thermal diffusivity to the slope depends on the value of h. The previous measurements [1–3] of α, carried out using the “skimming” optical probe beam technique (see Fig. 1), were found to be in reasonable agreement with nominal values calculated from handbook data, provided that the slopes of the plots were set equal (heuristically) to (1.0 πα)1/2. Careful examination of the theory [5], however, shows that when h is negligibly small compared to the other characteristics lengths in the experiment, the slope should be (1.4 πα )1/2.
Chronic heart failure management and remote haemodynamic monitoring

Heart failure (HF) has a large societal and economic burden and is expected to increase in magnitude and complexity over the ensuing years. A number of telemonitoring strategies exploring remote monitoring and management of clinical signs and symptoms of congestion in HF have had equivocal results. Early studies of remote haemodynamic monitoring showed promise, but issues with device integrity and implantation-associated adverse events hindered progress. Nonetheless, these early studies established that haemodynamic congestion precedes clinical congestion by several weeks and that remote monitoring of intracardiac pressures may be a viable and practical management strategy. Recently, the safety and efficacy of remote pulmonary artery pressure-guided HF management was established in a prospective, single-blind trial where randomisation to active pressure-guided HF management reduced future HF hospitalisations. Subsequent commercial use studies reinforced the utility of this technology and post hoc analyses suggest that tight haemodynamic management of patients with HF may be an additional pillar of therapy alongside established guideline-directed medical and device therapy. Currently, there is active exploration into utilisation of this technology and management paradigm for the timing of implantation of durable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and even optimisation of LVAD therapy. Several ongoing clinical trials will help clarify the extent and utility of this strategy along the spectrum of patient with HF from individuals with chronic, stable HF to those with more advanced disease requiring heart replacement therapy.
Limiting bias from test-control interference in online marketplace experiments

In an A/B test, the typical objective is to measure the total average treatment effect (TATE), which measures the difference between the average outcome if all users were treated and the average outcome if all users were untreated. However, a simple difference-in-means estimator will give a biased estimate of the TATE when outcomes of control units depend on the outcomes of treatment units, an issue we refer to as test-control interference. Using a simulation built on top of data from Airbnb, this paper considers the use of methods from the network interference literature for online marketplace experimentation. We model the marketplace as a network in which an edge exists between two sellers if their goods substitute for one another. We then simulate seller outcomes, specifically considering a "status quo" context and "treatment" context that forces all sellers to lower their prices. We use the same simulation framework to approximate TATE distributions produced by using blocked graph cluster randomization, exposure modeling, and the Hajek estimator for the difference in means. We find that while blocked graph cluster randomization reduces the bias of the naive difference-in-means estimator by as much as 62%, it also significantly increases the variance of the estimator. On the other hand, the use of more sophisticated estimators produces mixed results. While some provide (small) additional reductions in bias and small reductions in variance, others lead to increased bias and variance. Overall, our results suggest that experiment design and analysis techniques from the network experimentation literature are promising tools for reducing bias due to test-control interference in marketplace experiments.
The Public Health Exposome

The exposome has been described by Wild as the measure of all of the exposures an individual has in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. The exposome represents the totality of exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) exposures from conception onwards, simultaneously distinguishing, characterizing, and quantifying etiologic, mediating, moderating, and co-occurring risk and protective factors and their relationship to disease.
SMARTRIQS: A Simple Method Allowing Real-Time Respondent Interaction in Qualtrics Surveys

Abstract SMARTRIQS is an open-source solution that allows researchers to design and implement interactive online experiments using the popular survey platform Qualtrics. Unlike other existing platforms that allow real-time interaction, SMARTRIQS does not require any programming skills or installing any software. SMARTRIQS is fully integrated into Qualtrics: researchers create and edit their interactive experiments in the standard survey editor after importing the generic SMARTRIQS survey template. Moreover, all data resulting from real-time interaction are saved in Qualtrics. The potential applications of SMARTRIQS in experimental economics and finance are very versatile, including but not limited to experiments featuring cooperation, coordination, competition, allocation, investment, auction, and other market interactions. Researchers working in related fields (organizational research, consumer research, decision science, social psychology, political science, etc.) might also benefit from using SMARTRIQS, as it offers a convenient and simple method of studying real-time social interaction, including communication, collaborative work, collective decision-making, and voting behavior.
Markers for selection of three alleles of ClSUN25-26-27a (Cla011257) associated with fruit shape in watermelon

Fruit shape is an economically important trait in many horticultural crops. The genes and mechanisms underlying fruit shape variation are poorly understood in watermelon. A deletion (DEL) in ClSUN25-26-27a (Cla011257), a member of the SUN gene family, has been shown to be associated with elongated fruit. In the current study, we sequenced ClSUN25-26-27a in three watermelon cultivars with different fruit shape indices (FSIs). A novel allele containing a non-synonymous point mutation in exon 3 was identified in Klondike Black Seeded. KASP assays (ClSUN-1 and ClSUN-2) were developed to distinguish three ClSUN25-26-27a alleles (WT, KBS, and DEL), and their effects on ovary and fruit shape traits were determined in a cultivar panel and segregating populations. The different alleles showed a significant association with ovary and fruit length and shape as well as the angles of the distal and proximal ends. These effects were primarily pre-anthesis. The KASP assays can serve as tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of fruit length and shape in watermelon. This study highlights the allelic variation in ClSUN25-26-27a and its association with fruit shape in watermelon.
Parturitions, menopause and other physiological stressors are recorded in dental cementum microstructure

The life history pattern of recent humans is uniquely derived in many of its aspects including an extended post-reproductive lifespan combined with short interbirth intervals. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the evolution of this unusual pattern. However most have been difficult to test due to the fragmentary nature of the hominin fossil record and the lack of methods capable of inferring such later life history events. In search of a method we tested the hypothesis that the physiologically impactful events of parturition and menopause are recorded in dental cementum microstructure. We performed histomorphological analyses of 47 teeth from 15 individuals with known life history events and were able to detect reproductive events and menopause in all females. Furthermore, we found that other stressful events such as systemic illnesses and incarceration are also detectable. Finally, through the development of a novel analytical method we were able to time all such events with high accuracy (R-squared = 0.92).
Chapter 12 – Introduction to Second-Best Analysis

Chapter 12 offers an introduction to Part III of the text, which analyzes public expenditure and tax theory under common second-best assumptions such as distorting taxes and private information. The chapter discusses the relative strengths and weaknesses of first and second-best analysis, provides an extended discussion of the effects of private information on public sector theory, and concludes with a brief introduction to behavioral economics.
The Effect of Public Expenditure on the Housing Deficit in Peru at the Municipal Level

What impact does public expenditure on housing have on the deficit in a municipality? This article answers this question for Peru for the period 2001–2013. Municipalities with high expenditure leve...
Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

Oceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and regassing through the interaction with Earth’s interior. We review mineral physics, geophysical, and geochemical studies related to the global water circulation and conclude that the water content has a peak in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) with a value of 0.1–1 wt% (with large regional variations). When water-rich MTZ materials are transported out of the MTZ, partial melting occurs. Vertical direction of melt migration is determined by the density contrast between the melts and coexisting minerals. Because a density change associated with a phase transformation occurs sharply for a solid but more gradually for a melt, melts formed above the phase transformation depth are generally heavier than solids, whereas melts formed below the transformation depth are lighter than solids. Consequently, hydrous melts formed either above or below the MTZ return to the MTZ, maintaining its high water content. However, the MTZ water content cannot increase without limit. The melt-solid density contrast above the 410 km depends on the temperature. In cooler regions, melting will occur only in the presence of very water-rich materials. Melts produced in these regions have high water content and hence can be buoyant above the 410 km, removing water from the MTZ. Consequently, cooler regions of melting act as a water valve to maintain the water content of the MTZ near its threshold level (~ 0.1–1.0 wt%). Mass-balance considerations explain the observed near-constant sea-level despite large fluctuations over Earth history. Observations suggesting deep-mantle melting are reviewed including the presence of low-velocity anomalies just above and below the MTZ and geochemical evidence for hydrous melts formed in the MTZ. However, the interpretation of long-term sea-level change and the role of deep mantle melting in the global water circulation are non-unique and alternative models are reviewed. Possible future directions of studies on the global water circulation are proposed including geodynamic modeling, mineral physics and observational studies, and studies integrating results from different disciplines.
The food we eat, the stories we tell: contemporary Appalachian tables: edited by Elizabeth S. D. Engelhardt and Lora E. Smith, Athens, OH, Ohio University Press, 2019, 207 pp., ISBN 9780821423929

Only the second title in a welcome and timely new series – New Approaches to Appalachian Studies, from Ohio University Press – The Food We Eat, the Stories We Tell: Contemporary Appalachian Tables ...
Firms, fires, and firebreaks: The impact of the 1906 San Francisco disaster on business agglomeration

Abstract Is the spatial distribution of urban business establishments sensitive to large, temporary shocks? This paper studies the impact of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire on the agglomeration of 71 industries in the city. The disaster reset location patterns as firms moved after the destruction of thousands of buildings. Using addresses gathered from city business directories between 1900 and 1930, this study asks whether industry agglomeration in San Francisco was permanently affected by the shock. While firms had dispersed after the disaster, industries largely recovered their previous clustering patterns by 1915. The distribution of firms across city blocks, however, was susceptible to the shock as many industries—particularly in manufacturing—had permanently relocated in the wake of the disaster. Industry clustering is thus resilient to shocks, even if ties to certain areas of a city are not. Together, these outcomes suggest that agglomeration economies and other dynamic forces, more than fixed local characteristics, determine firm locations at a microscale.
Role of Psychiatric Hospitals in the Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines.

Objective:This study examined the feasibility of offering COVID-19 vaccinations to patients in inpatient psychiatric facilities (IPFs).Methods:Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine relatio...
Pragmatism’s Evolution: Organism and Environment in American Philosophy

Charles Sanders Peirce, the acknowledged founder of American pragmatism, died on April 19, 1914, and his voluminous unpublished papers were entrusted to Josiah Royce shortly thereafter. Upon receiv...
Training Graph Neural Networks by Graphon Estimation.

In this work, we propose to train a graph neural network via resampling from a graphon estimate obtained from the underlying network data. More specifically, the graphon or the link probability matrix of the underlying network is first obtained from which a new network will be resampled and used during the training process at each layer. Due to the uncertainty induced from the resampling, it helps mitigate the well-known issue of over-smoothing in a graph neural network (GNN) model. Our framework is general, computationally efficient, and conceptually simple. Another appealing feature of our method is that it requires minimal additional tuning during the training process. Extensive numerical results show that our approach is competitive with and in many cases outperform the other over-smoothing reducing GNN training methods.
Ultrasonic Nonlinear Guided Waves and Applications to Structural Health Monitoring

Research efforts on nonlinear guided wave propagation have increased dramatically in the last few decades because of the large sensitivity of nonlinear waves to structural condition (defects, quasi-static loads, instability conditions, etc.…). However, the mathematical framework governing the nonlinear guided wave phenomena becomes extremely challenging in the case of waveguides that are complex in either materials (damping, anisotropy, heterogeneous, etc.…) or geometry (multilayers, geometric periodicity, etc.…). The present work develops predictions of nonlinear second-harmonic generation in complex waveguides by extending the classical Semi-Analytical Finite Element formulation to the nonlinear regime, and implementing it into a highly flexible, yet very powerful, commercial Finite Element code. Results are presented for the following cases: a railroad track, a viscoelastic plate, a composite quasi-isotropic laminate, and a reinforced concrete slab. In these cases, favorable combinations of primary wave modes and resonant double-harmonic nonlinear wave modes are identified. Knowledge of such combinations is important to the implementation of structural monitoring systems for these structures based on higher-harmonic wave generation. The presentation will also present a specific application of nonlinear guided waves for the monitoring of thermal stresses in rail tracks to prevent buckling.
Identification of putative ligand binding sites within I domain of integrin α2β1 (VLA-2,CD49b/CD29).

Integrin α2β1 is a cell surface adhesion receptor for collagen and echovirus 1. Here we localized the epitopes for anti-α2 monoclonal antibodies using interspecies (human/bovine) α2 chimeras with different lengths of human α2 sequence on the amino-terminal side and site-directed mutagenesis. The antibodies that block the collagen and/or echovirus 1 binding to human α2β1 (6F1, RMAC11, 12F1, and AA10) recognizes a small region (residues 173-259) within the I domain. Asp-160 and Arg-242 are critical for binding of the two other function-inhibiting antibodies, P1H5 and 5E8, respectively. Notably, mutations of Asp-151 and Asp-254 block the binding of α2β1 to collagen
Thermal conductivity of BN-C nanostructures

Chemical and structural diversity present in hexagonal boron nitride ($h$-BN) and graphene hybrid nanostructures provide avenues for tuning various properties for their technological applications. In this paper we investigate the variation of thermal conductivity ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) of hybrid graphene/$h$-BN nanostructures: stripe superlattices and BN (graphene) dots embedded in graphene (BN) are investigated using equilibrium molecular dynamics. To simulate these systems, we have parametrized a Tersoff type interaction potential to reproduce the ab initio energetics of the B-C and N-C bonds for studying the various interfaces that emerge in these hybrid nanostructures. We demonstrate that both the details of the interface, including energetic stability and shape, as well as the spacing of the interfaces in the material, exert strong control on the thermal conductivity of these systems. For stripe superlattices, we find that zigzag configured interfaces produce a higher $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ in the direction parallel to the interface than the armchair configuration, while the perpendicular conductivity is less prone to the details of the interface and is limited by the $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ of $h$-BN. Additionally, the embedded dot structures, having mixed zigzag and armchair interfaces, affect the thermal transport properties more strongly than superlattices. The largest reduction in thermal conductivity is observed at 50$%$ dot concentration, but the dot radius appears to have little effect on the magnitude of reduction around this concentration.
Glyph‐maps for visually exploring temporal patterns in climate data and models

The multivariate spatio-temporal nature of climate data makes it difficult to draw all of the aspects simultaneously. This paper describes the conceptualization and construction of a type of display, a glyph-map, that can show these multiple aspects. Glyph-maps are a specialization of multivariate glyph plots. Each spatial location is displayed with one glyph that represents the multiple measurements, often recorded over time, at that location. Glyph-maps allow the discovery of both local and global structure, with a particular focus on temporal relationships, important for studying climate change. They provide alternatives to colored, facetted maps, or statistical summaries such as principal components. Glyph-maps have been used sporadically for spatio-temporal data, and with the ideas and software described in this paper, it will be easier to produce them. The conceptualization described here also will enable developing interactive versions of glyph-maps, and make it simpler to explore the perceptual effects of different scales. The methods are developed for rectangular gridded data, but with some clever processing, which is explained, it is possible to get good glyph-maps of irregularly gridded data. Guides and reference marks, for different types of glyphs used in the glyph-maps, are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystalline l-Ribulokinase from Escherichia coli

Abstract l-Ribulokinase has been purified and crystallized from induced cultures of Escherichia coli B/r mutant araA-2, a hyperproducer of this enzyme. The enzyme appears homogeneous by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and sedimentation pattern. Recrystallization does not increase its specific activity. Acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis at pH 8.3 shows a trace of a slower component, not exceeding 5% of the total material. The molecular weight of l-ribulokinase as determined by osmotic pressure, sedimentation equilibrium, and sedimentation and diffusion is 9.8 ± 0.2 x 104. The enzyme is unstable at acid pH values, but is stable when stored at pH 7.6 or above. It resists inactivation by heating at 60.50 for 30 min at this pH. It phosphorylates both l- and d-ribulose, the Km for d-ribulose being about twice that for l-ribulose. The molecular activity for purified enzyme is about 1700 moles of product formed per min per mole of enzyme for l-ribulose. Amino acid analysis shows the absence of valine and methionine. The enzyme is estimated to occupy about 3 to 4% of the total protein in the crude extract of the fully induced araA-2 cell.
Spatial Analysis for Identifying Concentrations of Urban Damage

Disasters resulting from earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, floods, and terrorist attacks can result in significant and highly concentrated damage to buildings and infrastructure within urban regions. Following such events, it is common to dispatch investigation teams to catalog and inventory damage locations. In recent years, these data gathering efforts have been aided by developments in high resolution satellite remote sensing technologies (e.g. Matsuoka & Yamazaki, 2005) and by advances in ground-based field data collection (e.g. Deaton & Frost, 2002). Damage inventories are typically presented as maps showing the location and damage state of structures in part or all of an effected region. In some cases information on the post-event condition of major infrastructure systems such as transportation, power, communications, and water networks is also included. Depending on the means used to acquire data, damage inventories may be developed in days (satellitebased data acquisition) or weeks-to-months (ground-based damage surveys) after an event. Once available, these inventories can be used for a range of purposes including guiding emergency rescues (short-term use), identification of neighborhoods requiring post-disaster financial assistance (intermediate-term use), and support of zoning, planning or urban policy studies (long-term use). An important task when analyzing these inventories is to identify and quantify damage concentrations or clusters, as this information is useful for prioritizing post-disaster recovery activities. Additionally, an understanding of damage concentrations can provide insight to the multiscale processes that govern an urban region's performance during an extreme event. In some cases spatial patterns and clusters can be inferred from damage inventories using simple, qualitative visual assessment techniques. While this may be a satisfactory approach in situations where there is a marked contrast in building performance, its effectiveness is limited when damage contrasts are subtle, and spatial patterns are less obvious. In these instances, more advanced spatial analysis tools such as point pattern analysis can be of benefit. Point pattern analysis (PPA) techniques are a group of quantitative methods that describe the pattern of point (or event) locations and determine if point locations are concentrated (or clustered) within a defined region of study. An early and often-cited example of a semi7
ISOLATED ANALDOSTERONISM. I. CLINICAL ENTITY, WITH MANIFESTATIONS OF PERSISTENT HYPERKALEMIA, PERIODIC PARALYSIS, SALT-LOSING TENDENCY, AND ACIDOSIS.

Abstract A young, generally healthy adult male is described, in whom recurrent attacks of generalized muscular weakness occurred, associated with a persistent hyperkalemia, a salt-losing tendency, and metabolic acidosis. The findings are explained by a protracted period of analdosteronism, during which time aldosterone secretion was negligible. The remainder of adrenocortical function was intact, and renal function and histology were normal. The sudden and unexpected appearance of normal amounts of aldosterone in 2 consecutive 24-hour urine specimens toward the end of the observation period of 18 months remains unexplained.
Model of hot-film sensor with substrate

A detailed model is constructed to investigate parameters influencing a hot-film anemometer system used to study cross-flow phenomena on swept wings. This anemometer is designed to detect vortices set up by cross-flow. The nature of the vortices is not well known, and a well-verified instrumentation model is considered essential to allow accurate interpretation of experimental results. Previous investigators have indicated that heat conduction to the film's substrate is significant. Two variations on the inclusion of substrate effects in the model are discussed. In the first, the substrate is assumed to have a constant temperature throughput: in the second more elaborate model, the temperature of the substrate is allowed to vary. This variation is related to the convective heat removal at the substrate/gas interface.
Interaction of Influenza Virus with Blood Platelets

The interaction of human blood platelets with influenza virus (PR-8) was studied in vitro and in vivo. It was found that "live" influenza virus was rapidly adsorbed onto human blood platelets at 4 C. and completely eluted at 37 C. "Dead" virus was adsorbed at 4 C. but not eluted at 37 C. unless the platelets were treated with RDE (receptor destroying enzyme). Adorption of virus also occurred at tem peratures above 4 C. (from 20 to 37 C.). However, while adsorption was maintained throughout incubation at 4 C., slow elution occurred after 30 to 90 minutes incubation at 26 to 37 C. Storage of the platelets for lengthy intervals at 4 C. or coating of the platelets with macromolecules did not interfere with virus adsorption. After one cycle of adsorption-elution, blood platelets could not adsorb virus again. Treatment with RDE greatly reduced virus adsorption. During the process of virus adsorption, prominent platelet clumping occurred. During elution, clumping remained unchanged, and gross alterations in morphology of the platelets were observed. In the process of virus adsorption-elution, large numbers of platelets were lysed. Comparative experiments were performed simultaneously with human red blood cells (RBC) and identical results were obtained as with blood platelets. However, the extent of adsorption of live virus was equal for platelets and RBC only when the relationship between platelet number and RBC number in the preparations used was 6:1. This suggested a direct proportion between the surface area of both platelet and RBC and the number of available virus receptors. Virus suspensions infused into rabbits produced a sharp and sustained drop of the platelet count. Survival of radioactively labeled platelets treated with virus prior to infusion was markedly shortened with live virus and was only slightly reduced with dead virus. It is suggested from these experiments that blood platelets, as other blood cells, may serve as carriers of viruses in the circulation and that in this process the platelets are damaged and partially destroyed.
Characteristics of the deo Operon: Role in Thymine Utilization and Sensitivity to Deoxyribonucleosides

Inability to grow on deoxyribonucleosides as the sole carbon source is characteristic of deo mutants of Escherichia coli. Growth of deoC mutants, which lack deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase, is reversibly inhibited by deoxyribonucleosides through inhibition of respiration. By contrast, deoB mutants are not sensitive to deoxyribonucleosides, and deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase and thymidine phosphorylase are present at normal levels but are not inducible by thymidine. Organisms with the genotype deoB−thy− or deoC−thy− are able to grow on low levels of thymine, whereas deoB+thy− or deoC+thy− strains require high levels of thymine for growth. The deoB and deoC mutations are transducible with and map on the counterclockwise side of the threonine marker. They are closely linked to deoA, a gene determining thymidine phosphorylase. Merodiploids heterozygous for either the deoB or deoC genes are resistant to deoxyribonucleosides and, in combination with the thy mutation, require high levels of thymine for growth. Cultures of thy+deoC− mutants are inhibited by thymidine until this compound has been completely degraded and excreted as deoxyribose and thymine, whereupon growth promptly resumes at a normal rate. The inhibition of respiration in deoC strains and the induction of thymidine phosphorylase and deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase in the wild-type organism are considered to result from the accumulation of deoxyribose 5-phosphate.
Discussion of B.P. Dohrenwend: “Psychology, psychologists and psychiatric epidemiology”

The author emphasizes the importance of an adequate appreciation of the clinical syndromes that are the topics of the psychiatric epidemiology as well as skills in interview construction. She focuses on the difficult problem of drawing lines between non-cases and current and past cases, and the problem of estimating unmet needs for treatment in the population. The methodology for linking survey responses to estimates of the consumer market for care needs further development.
Electrophysiological correlates of word meanings in 14-month-old human infants

Two studies were conducted in a preliminary attempt to determine whether electrophysiological procedures could be used to study early word learning in young infants. In Experiment 1, auditory evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from the frontal, temporal, and parietal scalp regions of a group of 14‐month‐old infants while they listened to a series of words. The brain responses reliably discriminated between words the infants were thought (by their parents and two independent raters) to understand versus those that they did not appear to know. A second experiment was conducted with a different group of infants to determine whether familiarity with the sounds alone could produce similar brainwave differences. This study, although showing that the brain‐wave patterns could discriminate familiar from novel speech‐sound sequences, did not demonstrate findings identical to those reported for differences in word understanding. These data are the first indication that AERs can be used to detect differences in w...
Nonlinear Chemical Imaging Nanomicroscopy: From Second and Third Harmonic Generation to Multiplex (Broad-Bandwidth) Sum Frequency Generation Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

The emerging field of coherent nonlinear near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is reviewed. Second harmonic, third harmonic, and sum frequency generation (SHG, THG, and SFG) are explored as means of providing chemically and environmentally selective probes with nanometer spatial resolution provided by scanning probe microscopy. Chemical selectivity is generated via resonant enhancement of the nonlinear signals, whereas interface vs bulk contrast is achieved by the order (even vs odd) of the optical process. A method of producing higher spectral resolution, and thus increased chemical selectivity, is also demonstrated in the form of near-field detected multiplex (or “broad-bandwidth”) SFG (MSFG). Applications to biological and material samples are described.
ASPS clinical practice guideline summary on reduction mammaplasty

In May of 2011, the Executive Committee of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons approved an evidence-based guideline on reduction mammaplasty developed by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Health Policy Committee. The guideline addresses six clinical questions: procedural efficacy as noted by relief of symptoms, resection weight, the impact of body mass index on surgical complications, use of prophylactic antibiotics, use of drains, and effect on quality of life. The evidence indicates that resection volume is not correlated directly to the degree of postoperative symptom relief. Increased breast resection weight may increase the risks of complication. The evidence is inconclusive on whether increased body mass index is associated with increased risk of complications. Perioperative antibiotics may reduce the risk of infection associated with reduction mammaplasty, and in standard reduction mammaplasty procedures without liposuction, the use of drains is not beneficial. Reduction mammaplasty has been shown to improve quality of life.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as an intensive consolidation therapy for adult patients in remission from acute myelogenous leukemia.

Autologous peripheral blood stem/progenitor cell transplantation (APBSCT) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic option to improve outcome in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, its optimal role in treatment for adults in remission has not been clearly established. We performed a retrospective analysis on 45 patients aged 21 to 73 years (median 51 years) with de novo AML who underwent APBSCT stratified by age, complete remission status, and cytogenetic risk. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for all patients was 33.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.1%-53.7%) and overall survival (OS) was 43.6% (CI, 29.2%-62.8%). For patients under the age of 60 years, the 5-year DFS for intermediate and high cytogenetic risk was 53.3% (CI, 23.5%-85.6%) and 50.0% (CI, 16.1%–100.0%); the 5-year OS for patients under the age of 60 years with low, intermediate, and high cytogenetic risk was 80.0% (CI, 40.0%-100.0%), 60.0% (CI, 31.2%-90.7%), and 75.0% (CI, 39.0%-100.0%), respectively. For patients over the age of 60 years, the 5-year DFS and OS for intermediate cytogenetic risk was 21.4% (CI, 7.9%-58.4%) and 21.4% (CI, 7.9%-58.4%). The DFS and OS of these patients are comparable to the historic survival of those who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation when adjusted by age. In addition, there was no treatment-related mortality (TRM). We conclude that APBSCT is a reasonable and safe intensive consolidation for patients with AML who do not have a suitable HLA-matched donor.
Projection-Reconstruction Spectroscopic Imaging forB0Field Plotting and Shimming without Pulsed Gradients

Shimming is important. Noniterative methods are desirable. Such methods exist for shimming a spectrometer with pulsed field gradients, generally based on field maps made by spin-warp Fourier imaging. For spectrometers with no pulsed gradients (or for cases where T2 is too short to permit echo imaging), an alternative method is presented: projection-reconstruction spectroscopic imaging, which can be accomplished using only the shim coils of a conventional spectrometer. Images so acquired can be used to map the field, even in the presence of multiple spectral components. Noniterative optimization of the axial shims of a GN-300 spectrometer is demonstrated using 1D + 1D spectroscopic images. Prospects for extending the technique to include the radial shims using 3D + 1D spectroscopic images are discussed.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Participation Efforts by Environmental Agencies: Repermitting a Smelter in El Paso, Texas, USA

Public participation is central to environmental policy-making processes. Government agencies often scramble to involve the public in legitimizing policy decisions. No single tool exists to assess the effectiveness of public participation. Extending previous research, this paper clarifies framework for evaluating the effectiveness of public participation and we apply this framework to the efforts of three levels of government in the United States federal, state, and local in the case surrounding the repermitting of atmospheric emissions from industrial activity at the American Smelting and Refining Company smelter located in western El Paso, Texas. Results show that the three government agencies assessed in this study did not effectively achieve adequate opportunities for public participation. This failure could lead to several undesired repercussions, including increasing public resentment and hostility and also future resistance to participation.
Brooklyn style: Hip-hop markers and racial affiliation among European immigrants in New York City:

Many immigrants and expatriates of European heritage who come to the United States are surprised at being inducted into a system of racial categorization in which they are labeled as `White'. This ...
Biological Applications Of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Or Bloody FTIR

An ex vivo FT-IR/ATR experiment for studying blood protein adsorption at the molecular level is described. This experiment involves the use of live dogs pumping the blood through a arterial-veinal shunt to the ATR cell and back into the animal. The results from these live dog experiments are compared to results obtained using donated whole blood. These experiments demonstrate that FT-IR can be used to study aqueous, physiological, flowing solutions in real time with the sensitivity necessary to detect minor changes.
Characterization of Aluminum Honeycomb Material Failure in Large Deformation Compression, Shear, and Tearing

Large deformation failures of aluminum honeycomb materials in dynamic compression, static shear and static tearing are characterized in this comprehensive experimental study. Two low density honeycomb materials that make up the Offset Deformable Barrier (ODB) used in vehicle crash test were tested. Material characterization methods, including one for studying material tearing, have been developed. The honeycomb material data under large deformation, including complete curves of compression and shear stress-strain relations in the three principal directions, are presented and analysed. Honeycomb material tearing strength, defined as tearing force per unit tearing length, is introduced. Strain-rate dependence of honeycomb materials under dynamic loading is investigated. Local failure mechanisms of honeycombs in compression, shear, and indentation punch tests and their relations with the hulk properties of the materials are studied in detail. The results of this research may be used to improve the material fidelity of finite element simulations of the ODB.