cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An adaptive protection strategy for reliable operation of microgrids

The rapid growth of population resulted in significant increase in power demand. Furthermore, the consumption areas are developing dramatically. Thus, the generation of adequate electricity is necessary to meet the increasing loads. One of the reasonable solutions is installation of Distributed Generators (DGs) ranging from small scale micro turbo-generators to renewable energy sources near the demand centers. Although, studies show that DGs impact negatively conventional power system protection in Distribution Network (DN) level. Change in power flow direction, change in nominal current passing through the line, etc are examples of these negative effects. Therefore, they have a potential to disturb preexisting coordination in protection systems. This paper presents an automatic adaptive protection strategy for reliable and secure operation of microgrids. The proposed adaptive protection scheme is based on pre-calculated settings for overcurrent protection relays of a DN model developed in DigSILENT Powerfactory software The overcurrent relays' settings are adjusted automatically to keep the CTIs (Coordination Time Intervals) as before while experiencing a new scenario such as a DG integration.
Chromatin regulates IL-33 release and extracellular cytokine activity.

IL-33 is an epithelium-derived, pro-inflammatory alarmin with enigmatic nuclear localization and chromatin binding. Here we report the functional properties of nuclear IL-33. Overexpression of IL-33 does not alter global gene expression in transduced epithelial cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data show that the intranuclear mobility of IL-33 is ~10-fold slower than IL-1α, whereas truncated IL-33 lacking chromatin-binding activity is more mobile. WT IL-33 is more resistant to necrosis-induced release than truncated IL-33 and has a relatively slow, linear release over time after membrane dissolution as compared to truncated IL-33 or IL-1α. Lastly, IL-33 and histones are released as a high-molecular weight complex and synergistically activate receptor-mediated signaling. We thus propose that chromatin binding is a post-translational mechanism that regulates the releasability and ST2-mediated bioactivity of IL-33 and provide a paradigm to further understand the enigmatic functions of nuclear cytokines. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) can be released as a cytokine or transported into the nucleus, but the significance of this nuclear shuttling is not fully understood. Here the authors show that chromatin-binding of IL-33 alters, unexpectedly, the activity of IL-33 both in alarmin release kinetics and receptor signaling capacity.
Modeling and Control of an Articulated Tail for Maneuvering a Reduced Degree of Freedom Legged Robot

This paper presents dynamic modeling and control of an articulated robotic tail to maneuver and stabilize a reduced degree-of-freedom (DOF) quadruped robot. Conventional legged robotic systems consist of leg mechanisms that provide simultaneous propulsion, maneuvering and stabilization. However, in nature animals have been observed to utilize their tails to assist the legs in multiple tasks. Similarly, by incorporating an articulated tail onboard a quadruped robot, dynamic tail motions can be used to aid maneuvering. Therefore, tail implementation can potentially lead to simplifications in design and control of the legged robot since the legs will be responsible for only propulsion tasks. In this paper, a robotic system design consisting of an articulated tail and quadruped robot system is presented. Dynamic models are derived to analyze an optimal tail mass and length ratio to enhance inertial adjustment applications and develop an outer loop controller to plan tail trajectories for desired maneuvering applications. Results of analytical optimization are corroborated with measured data from biological animals. To decouple the dynamics of the articulated tail mechanism an inner loop controller using feedback linearization maps the desired behavior to the actuator inputs. This approach is validated using hardware-in-the-loop experiments with tail prototype in conjunction with simulated quadruped platform. Results demonstrate the capabilities of the articulated tail in enabling precise left and right turning (maneuvering).
Numerical study on the low-velocity impact response of ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete beams

Abstract The material and structural behaviors of Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) under a high strain rate loading are different than a quasi-static loading condition. Though, UHP-FRC has very high compressive strength compared to conventional concrete, the failure strain of UHP-FRC is not enough to withstand large plastic deformations under high stain rate loading such as impact and blast loading. Due to the high cost of large-scale experimental research of structural elements under impact loading, modeling of UHP-FRC girders using computer aided program has become a need. Hence, this study aims to develop a finite element model of UHP-FRC to simulate low-velocity impact phenomenon. The responses obtained from the numerical study are in good agreement with the experimental results under impact loads. Five different types of UHP-FRC beams were simulated under impact loading to observe the global and local material response. The key parameters investigated were the reinforcement ratio (ρ), impact load under various drop heights (h), and the failure phenomena. It was observed that higher reinforcement ratio showed better deflection recovery under the proposed impact. Also, for a specific reinforcement ratio, the maximum deflection increases approximately 15% when drop height decreases from 100 mm to 25 mm. Moreover, the applicability of concrete damage plasticity model for impact loading is investigated. The results also provide recommendations for predicting the location of the local damage in UHPFRC beams under impact loading.
Interferences in the determination of lutetium using neutron activation analysis

We have investigated the severity of interferences in the determination of lutetium in neutron activation analysis. The preferred reaction makes use of the large radiative capture cross section of 2090 b for 176Lu(n,γ)177Lu, which emits a 208.4 keV gamma emission (t1/2 = 6.73 days). Activation of 176Lu simultaneously produces 177mLu, which also emits at 208.4 keV (t1/2 = 160.4 days). We found that these convolutions did not produce significant error in lutetium analysis for a sample of NIST 1633c, even for longer decay times used to reduce the 239Np interference at 209.8 keV.
A global perspective on sustainable intensification research

Despite general agreement that meeting food demand without further loss of natural ecosystems requires sustainable intensification, there is little dialogue about the research agenda needed to achieve it. To that end, we evaluate current trajectories towards sustainable intensification, review published research on the topic, identify missing links, and propose a prioritization framework to fill gaps. Although progress towards sustainable intensification is behind schedule, we are optimistic that current trends can get back on course assuming a well-prioritized and adequately funded research portfolio and appropriate policies and institutions to support it. This Perspective argues for a global research prioritization framework to advance sustainable intensification, an increase in agricultural yields on existing land and respecting ecosystem integrity, noting research gaps and suggesting priorities.
Foot Osteoarthritis Frequency and Associated Factors in a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study of White and African American Adults.

OBJECTIVE Few studies have explored foot osteoarthritis (OA) in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of foot OA and identify associated factors in a cross-sectional analysis of a large community-based cohort. METHODS Data were from the 2013-2015 study visit of the Johnston County OA Project. Radiographic OA of the foot was defined using the La Trobe radiographic atlas (≥2 osteophytes or joint space narrowing in at least 1 of 5 joints). Symptomatic OA of the foot was defined as foot radiographic OA with pain, aching, or stiffness in the same foot. At the foot-level, separate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to account for intraperson correlations were performed to examine associations of foot radiographic OA or symptomatic OA with age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, educational attainment, and previous foot injury. RESULTS Of 864 participants with available data (mean age 71 years, mean BMI 30 kg/m2 , 68% women, 33% African American, 13% 2 times the odds of radiographic OA and >5 times the odds of symptomatic OA in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Foot radiographic OA and foot symptoms were common in the sample, but both conditions simultaneously (i.e., symptomatic OA) occurred infrequently. Notably, obesity was linked with foot symptomatic OA, perhaps implicating metabolic or mechanical influences.
Advantages of imputation vs. data swapping for statistical disclosure control

Data swapping is an approach long-used by public agencies to protect respondent confidentiality in which values of some variables are swapped with similar records for a small portion of respondents. Synthetic data is a newer method in which many if not all values are replaced with multiple imputations. Synthetic data can be difficult to implement for complex data; however, when the portion of data replaced is similar to data swapping, it becomes simple to implement using publicly available software. This paper describes how this simplification of synthetic data can be used to provide a better balance of data quality and disclosure protection compared to data swapping. This is illustrated via an empirical comparison using data from the Survey of Earned Doctorates.
Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes

Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)-derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians (P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens (P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.
Invited) Grain Boundaries and Dislocations in Layered Cathodes

Crystallographic defects exist in many redox active energy materials, e.g., battery and catalyst materials, which significantly alter their chemical properties for energy storage and conversion. In this presentation, we will address how these defects, e.g., grain boundaries and geometrically necessary dislocations, govern the charge distribution and battery performance of layered oxide cathodes.Architecting grain crystallographic orientation can modulate charge distribution and chemomechanical properties for enhancing the performance of polycrystalline battery materials. However, probing the interplay between charge distribution, grain crystallographic orientation, and performance remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we elucidate the spatially resolved charge distribution in lithium layered oxides with different grain crystallographic arrangements and establish a model to quantify their charge distributions. While the holistic "surface-to-bulk" charge distribution prevails in polycrystalline particles, the crystallographic orientation-guided redox reaction governs the charge distribution in the local charged nanodomains. Compared to the randomly oriented grains, the radially aligned grains exhibit a lower cell polarization and higher capacity retention upon battery cycling. The radially aligned grains create less tortuous lithium ion pathways, thus improving the charge homogeneity as statistically quantified from over 20 million nanodomains in polycrystalline particles. This study provides an improved understanding of the charge distribution and chemomechanical properties of polycrystalline battery materials.Crystallographic defects, such as geometrically necessary dislocations, are reported to influence the redox reactions in battery particles through single-particle, multimodal, in situ synchrotron measurements. Through Laue X-ray microdiffraction, many crystallographic defects are spatially identified and statistically quantified from a large quantity of diffraction patterns in many layered oxide particles, including geometrically necessary dislocations, tilt boundaries, and mixed defects. The in situ and ex situ measurements, combining microdiffraction and X-ray spectroscopic imaging, reveal that LiCoO2 particles with a higher concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations provide deeper charging reactions, indicating that dislocations may facilitate redox reactions in layered oxides during initial charging. The present study illustrates that a precise control of crystallographic defects and their distribution can potentially promote and homogenize redox reactions in battery materials.
The determinants of Muslim women's pro-sport Hijab purchase intention: a theory of planned behavior perspective

Muslim women are increasingly purchasing sporting products. However, there remains a dearth of sport marketing scholarship detailing the key predictors of Muslim women's sporting products purchase ...
Modeling spatial correlation that grows on trees, with a stream network application

Abstract Spatial data on a network, like spatial data on a Euclidean domain, may exhibit nonstationarity. This article develops two classes of nonstationary models for continuously indexed data on directed tree networks, such as stream networks, that are adaptations of models used previously for nonstationary temporal or spatial data on Euclidean domains. These classes, called elastic models and spatially varying moving average models, allow the spatial dependence between observations at sites any fixed distance apart to grow monotonically as one moves either up or down the network. The process variance, or components thereof, may also be allowed to grow monotonically. An example of trout density data from a stream network in Wyoming, USA indicates that the proposed nonstationary models fit those data much better than their existing stationary or quasi-stationary counterparts.
Deep Learning Approach Protecting Privacy in Camera-Based Critical Applications.

Many critical applications rely on cameras to capture video footage for analytical purposes. This has led to concerns about these cameras accidentally capturing more information than is necessary. In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach towards protecting privacy in camera-based systems. Instead of specifying specific objects (e.g. faces) are privacy sensitive, our technique distinguishes between salient (visually prominent) and non-salient objects based on the intuition that the latter is unlikely to be needed by the application.
Book Review, World Religions and Democracy (2005)

Reviewing World Religions and Democracy. Edited by Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner and Philip J. Costopoulos. Johns Hopkins Press 2005.
Dynamic Phasor Modeling of Multi-Converter Systems

Generalized form of Dynamic Phasor (DP)-based modeling of multi-converter systems containing high order harmonics has not been proposed in the literature yet due to the complexity and large number of variables that should be included in the model. In this work a generalized form of a system-level model comprising high number of single-phase converters is presented. The proposed method can be applied to any number of single-phase voltage source converters (VSIs). Test cases of this modeling method containing 5 to 100 parallel connected single-phase voltage source inverters are modeled and simulation times are recorded. The results of the proposed method are compared and validated with conventional average models as well as detailed switching models. A systematic approach for comparing the accuracy and timestep between dynamic phasor modeling method and detailed switching model is illustrated. Advantage of DP models over conventional average models for stability assessment are also discussed at the end of the paper.
BWH emergency radiology-surgical correlation: intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture

We describe the radiological and intraoperative correlation of two cases of intraperitoneal bladder rupture: a 23-year-old man involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision and a 49-year-old man with hematuria and abdominal pain after a night of heavy alcohol ingestion. Both patients underwent urgent exploratory laparotomies and repair of their bladder injuries. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of understanding the different etiologies of bladder rupture and recognizing the imaging findings on computed tomography (CT) and CT cystography to help guide the surgeons in the patient’s management.
Measurement of Three-Dimensional Effects in Fracture Mechanics

After citing several experimental methods used for measuring three-dimensional effects in opaque and transparent cracked bodies, an integrated optical method is focused upon for obtaining two independent estimates of fracture parameters associated with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Results of the use of these methods to study the effect of free surfaces upon the stress singularity of cracks intersecting them are presented and a means of interpreting the results within the framework of LEFM is suggested.
Dimensional changes during binder removal in a mouldable ceramic system

Significant dimensional changes involving linear expansion and shrinkage of 6% occur during heating of a thermoplastic SiC/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mixture. Thermal expansion occurs before weight loss begins, and can be quantitatively explained in terms of the thermal expansion behaviour of the constituents and the crystallization or melting of the semicrystalline polymer. Irreversible anisotropic displacements occur during the first heating cycle due to relaxation of moulding strains. These can be reduced by annealing for periods comparable to the viscoelastic relaxation of the ceramic/polymer system. Shrinkage occurs during the early stages of degradation of EVA. This shrinkage is quantitatively accounted for with volume losses resulting from removal of the EVA. Shrinkage continues as weight loss proceeds and stops only at the point the ceramic particles contact one another. Total displacement behaviour is the sum of the shrinkage from weight loss plus the expansion from thermal expansion of the individual components, and can be quantitatively predicted for simple or multi-step heating schedules.
All Born to Freedom? Comparing the Law and Politics of Race and the Memory of Slavery in the U.S. and France Today

Both the United States and France have seen a burgeoning of memorialization of slavery and abolition in recent years, and France has even passed a memorial law declaring slavery a crime against humanity. This Essay compares law, racial politics, and the memory of slavery in two nations trying to come to terms with their slave pasts. Despite important differences in their histories and civil rights regimes, I argue that in both France and the U.S., movements that oppose race-conscious law portray slavery as part of the deep past, and a generalized past detached from race, whereas those seeking some form of recognition or reparation emphasize that slavery is “not even past.” In both countries, the originary revolutionary moment – in France, associated with the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and in the U.S. with the 1787 Constitution – is invoked to create a sense of the timeless continuity of the principle of colorblindness, with slavery (and race-conscious legal remedies today) temporary deviations.
New audio technology partners to support authentic literacy development

Research indicates that the sheer quantity of reading has a major influence on reading development. Readers who read more become better readers in a cycle that promotes increased fluency and comprehension, as well as an appreciation for the benefits of reading. A conundrum emerges when working with young learners who are just learning to read. Many of these children are developmentally ready to begin comprehending and discussing good stories, but have low decoding skills to process the written text. A new, low cost technology has been developed to provide students with a reading partner that helps students engage in reading. The partner can read text, provide help with vocabulary, and model good questioning to foster comprehension. This paper presents a theoretical perspective for engaging young students in good reading habits in conjunction with practicing basic decoding skills. A unique and affordable audio compact disc controller provides students with the ability to request predefined verbal help with stories. An example is given to demonstrate how this technology can be used to develop literacy skills in the classroom or at home. The potential for this technology can easily be realized in other domains, such as math and science, where students are ready to advance in other skills, but are still developing their basic decoding skills.
Chapter 1 Surface Structure and Reactivity of Iron Oxide–Water Interfaces

Abstract The surface structure and composition of the three distinct iron-(hydr)oxide systems, goethite (1 0 0), hematite ( 1 1 ¯ 02 ), and magnetite (1 1 1) were determined under hydrated conditions at room temperature using crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis. The prediction of surface protonation states and the overall chemical plausibility of the experimental surface models are performed using a bond-valence (BV) analysis. Further analysis of the surface energetics is carried out using ab initio density functional theory (DFT). The analysis of three common iron-(hydr)oxide surface systems reveals the differences in interface structure and distribution of hydroxyl groups at substrate–water interfaces. The goethite (1 0 0) interface structure is determined to have a relaxed double hydroxyl termination with the presence of two semi-ordered water layers that expose a surface with A-type (Fe-OH2) and B-type (Fe2-OH) hydroxyl groups. The hydrated hematite ( 1 1 ¯ 02 ) interface structure has vacancies in the near surface metal sites, resulting in three types of surface functional groups: A type, B type, and C type (Fe3-O). The interface structure of magnetite (1 1 1) shows two chemically nonequivalent oxygen surface terminations in the surface ratio of 70 O4-Feoh-O4-Fetd1−oh−td2:30 O4-Fetd1−oh−td2-O4-Feoh suggesting that the octahedral irons are the principal irons involved at the environmental interfaces. In the above three systems, there also is evidence for multiple domains with fractional ordered unit cell steps determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results obtained for the structure of the iron-(hydr)oxide–water interfaces from the CTR and DFT analyses are different from stoichiometric termination of the bulk structure or hydroxylation of the ultra high vacuum (UHV) determined surface structures.
Virus-Specific Antigens in Hamster Cells Transformed by Rous Sarcoma Virus

Virus-specific antigens were studied in hamster cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Antigens were localized in the cytoplasm, as demonstrated by fluorescent antibody staining of fixed cells as well as by complement fixation (CF) following subcellular fractionation. Cytoplasmic extracts were analyzed by velocity and isopycnic centrifugation. CF antigens were found in a soluble form and in association with membranes and polyribosomes. Isolated plasma membranes had no CF antigen. Both soluble and particulate fractions with CF activity contained the same antigenic determinants by Ouchterlony analysis. These antigenic determinants were identical to those released by ether treatment of RSV.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Proliferation as a Target for Therapeutic Intervention

To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Borel et al,1 as well as the accompanying editorial comment by Dr Bhardwaj.2 The hypothesis that vascular cell proliferation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm has been prominently discussed for more than 15 years, and has been supported by a variety of data that have been presented over those years. We were pleased to see the addition of further support for this concept, in the form of new data showing increased levels of …
A Description of the Full Particle Orbit Following SPIRAL Code for Simulating Fast-ion Experiments in Tokamaks

The numerical methods used in the full particle-orbit following SPIRAL code are described and a number of physics studies performed with the code are presented to illustrate its capabilities. The SPIRAL code is a test-particle code and is a powerful numerical tool to interpret and plan fast-ion experiments in tokamaks. Gyro-orbit effects are important for fast ions in low-field machines such as NSTX and to a lesser extent in DIII-D. A number of physics studies are interlaced between the description of the code to illustrate its capabilities. Results on heat loads generated by a localized error-field on the DIII-D wall are compared with measurements. The enhanced Triton losses caused by the same localized error-field are calculated and compared with measured neutron signals. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity such as tearing modes and toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) have a profound effect on the fast-ion content of tokamak plasmas and SPIRAL can calculate the effects of MHD activity on the confined and lost fast-ion population as illustrated for a burst of TAE activity in NSTX. The interaction between ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating and fast ions depends solely on the gyro-motion of the fast ions and is captured exactly in the SPIRAL code. A calculation of ICRF absorption on beam ions in ITER is presented. The effects of high harmonic fast wave heating on the beam-ion slowing-down distribution in NSTX is also studied.
Some Aspects of the Spectral Theory of Positive Operators

We consider various aspects of the following problem: Let T be a positive operator on a Banach lattice such that σ(T) = {1}. Does it follow that T ≥ 1?
Extreme makeover: lab edition

This poster will discuss two different and unique computer lab designs. The first is a teaching lab installed in January 2006. The second is a multi-media collaboration center that is planned to open in January 2007.
Calcium-dependent regulation of guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in renal cortex: Effects of ionophore A23187 and tetracaine and evidence for independent control of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

Abstract The effects of carbamylcholine (Cch), the divalent cation ionophore A23187 and Ca 2+ on the cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content of rat renal cortical slices were examined. In both the presence and absence of 10 m M theophylline, Cch detectably increased cGMP within 15 sec, with peak responses noted by 2 min. The maximal cGMP response to Cch alone (0.05 m M ) was an increase of two- to three-fold over control. Theophylline, which was routinely present in the incubations and which alone increased cGMP of the slices two-fold over basal during 20 min incubations, potentiated the response to Cch (maximal increase, five- to sixfold over theophylline alone). The action of Cch to increase renal cortical cGMP was blocked by prior addition of atropine and was dependent upon the presence of Ca 2+ in the incubation media. Exclusion of Ca 2+ lowered basal cGMP and abolished increases mediated by Cch, while exclusion of Mg 2+ was without detectable effect on cGMP. In slices incubated initially without Ca 2+ , reexposure to Ca 2+ for 1 min partially restored the cGMP response to Cch, and reexposure for 3 min completely restored this response. Since prior incubation of tissue in Ca 2+ -free buffer for only 2 min was sufficient to block the cGMP responses to Cch, depletion of tissue Ca 2+ did not appear to be involved. A23187 also increased renal cortical cGMP fivefold in the presence of Ca 2+ . Its effects were not additive with those of Cch and were not expressed by Mg 2+ in Ca 2+ -free media. By contrast, tetracaine, which blocks Ca 2+ transport across or binding to biologic membranes, reduced basal cGMP and inhibited the actions of Cch and A23187 to increase cGMP in cortical slices incubated with Ca 2+ . The action of 1 mM tetracaine to block Cch-mediated increases in cGMP was partially reversed by increasing media Ca 2+ from 1.5 to 5 m M , but not by increasing media Mg 2+ to 5 m M . In contrast to their effects on cGMP, Cch, A23187, Ca 2+ exclusion, and tetracaine did not detectably alter basal renal cortical cAMP or cAMP responses to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Conversely, concentrations of PTH, glucagon, and isoproterenol which maximally increased renal cortical cAMP did not alter cGMP. Furthermore, prior incubation of slices with Cch did not alter their subsequent cAMP response to PTH at a time when cGMP levels were still elevated, while prior incubation with PTH did not affect the subsequent cGMP response to Cch at a time when cAMP was increased. These studies demonstrate modulation of renal cortical cGMP by cholinergic stimuli and Ca 2+ . They also indicate that cGMP and cAMP in renal cortex can be regulated independently.
Quantum mechanical study of F(2P12) + H2(j = 0) quenching: The role of virtual ortho—para mixing

Abstract Electronic matrix elements from DIM theory, including both 1 Σ g + and 3 Σ u + electronic components, are used in a quantum study of quenching in F( 2 P 3 2 , 2 P 1 2 ) + H 2 ( j = 0) collisions. Mixing between j = even functions in one electronic manifold with j = odd in the other has a significant effect on the electronic—rotational energy correlation diagram in the transition state region.
The effect of an iodine source on nucleation and film properties of Ru films deposited by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract The chemical vapor deposition of Ru films from (2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru and O2 was carried out both with and without CH3I addition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the addition of CH3I does not significantly increase the amount of carbon in the films. Adsorbed iodine on the growing film surface results in denser, more uniform nucleation and smaller-grained, smoother films. The root-mean-square roughness of 60 nm films decreased from 8.42 to 5.62 nm for no CH3I and CH3I addition, respectively. Adsorbed iodine segregates through the films to the surface during growth, resulting in a continuously depressed deposition rate. The adsorbed iodine blocks oxygen dissociation sites, reducing the oxygen supply available to decompose the ligands of the Ru precursor.
3D domain swapping: A mechanism for oligomer assembly

3D domain swapping is a mechanism for forming oligomeric proteins from their monomers. In 3D domain swapping, one domain of a monomeric protein is replaced by the same domain from an identical protein chain. The result is an intertwined dimer or higher oligomer, with one domain of each subunit replaced by the identical domain from another subunit. The swapped "domain" can be as large as an entire tertiary globular domain, or as small as an alpha-helix or a strand of a beta-sheet. Examples of 3D domain swapping are reviewed that suggest domain swapping can serve as a mechanism for functional interconversion between monomers and oligomers, and that domain swapping may serve as a mechanism for evolution of some oligomeric proteins. Domain-swapped proteins present examples of a single protein chain folding into two distinct structures.
Self-reinforced biodegradable screw fixation compared with titanium screw fixation in mandibular advancement.

Purpose This report compares the skeletal stability and treatment outcomes of 2 similar cohorts undergoing bilateral sagittal osteotomies of the mandible for advancement. The study groups included patients stabilized with 2-mm self-reinforced polylactate (PLLDL 70/30), biodegradable screws (group B), and 2-mm titanium screws placed in a positional fashion (group T). Materials and Methods Sixty-nine patients underwent bilateral sagittal osteotomies of the mandibular ramus for advancement utilizing an identical technique. There were 34 patients in group B and 35 patients in group T. Each patient had preoperative, immediate postoperative, splint out, and 1-year postoperative cephalometric radiographs available for analysis. The method of analysis and treatment outcomes parameters are identical to those previously used. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed with means of fixation as the between-subject factor and time as the within subject factor. The level of significance was set at .01. Results There were no clinical failures in group T and a single failure in group B. The average difference in stability between the groups is small and subtly different at the mandibular angle. The data documented similarity of the postsurgical changes in the 2 groups with the only statistically significant difference being the vertical position of the gonion ( P P Conclusions Two-mm self-reinforced PLLDL (70/30) screws can be used as effectively as 2-mm titanium screws to stabilize the mandible after bilateral sagittal osteotomies for mandibular advancement. The difference in 1-year stability and outcome is minimal.
Mechanisms of Interactions of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements in Flame Photometry

Cationic interactions in flame photometry were investigated to study some of the factors that cause enhancements of spectral lines. Interactions of the alkali and alkaline earth metals in an oxygen-acetylene flame have indicated that several mechanisms may be responsible for enhancement. Where conditions are proper, enhancements of emissions of cations may be a combination of at least three factors. a) the effect of electron concentration from an easily ionized extraneous element on the ground state population of the test element, b) the effect of transfer of energy by radiation and c) the effect of transfer of energy due to collisions with excited atoms The effect of the electron concentration on the suppression of the ionization of the test element was the predominant mechanism by which enhancement occurred in most systems studied. However, in the study of the effect of potassium on rubidium direct evidence was obtained of excitation by transfer of radiant energy Indirect evidence of enhancement due to transfer of energy by collision also was observed in the same system.
A fatal case of primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma complicated by HLH and cardiac amyloidosis.

Key Clinical Message Gamma–delta T-cell lymphomas (GD-TCL) are rare and rapidly fatal neoplasms that are often associated with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a syndrome of fevers, cytopenias, and multiorgan failure that often leads to a rapid death. We report the first case demonstrating an association between GD-TCL, HLH, and cardiac amyloidosis, presenting a novel mechanism for rapid deterioration in these patients.
Organic free radicals and micropores in solid graphitic carbonaceous matter at the Oklo natural fission reactors, Gabon

The presence, concentration, and distribution of organic free radicals as well as their association with specific surface areas and microporosities help characterize the evolution and behavior of the Oklo carbonaceous matter. Such information is necessary in order to evaluate uranium mineralization, liquid bitumen solidification, and radionuclide containment at Oklo. In the Oklo ore deposits and natural fission reactors carbonaceous matter is often referred to as solid graphitic bitumen. The carbonaceous parts of the natural reactors may contain as much as 65.9% organic C by weight in heterogeneous distribution within the clay-rich matrix. The solid carbonaceous matter immobilized small uraninite crystals and some fission products enclosed in this uraninite and thereby facilitated radionuclide containment in the reactors. Hence, the Oklo natural fission reactors are currently the subjects of detailed studies because they may be useful analogues to support performance assessment of radionuclide containment at anthropogenic radioactive waste repository sites. Seven carbonaceous matter rich samples from the 1968 ± 50 Ma old natural fission reactors and the associated Oklo uranium ore deposit were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and by measurements of specific surface areas (BET method). Humic acid, fulvic acid, and fully crystalline graphite standards were also examined by ESR spectroscopy for comparison with the Oklo solid graphitic bitumens. With one exception, the ancient Oklo bitumens have higher organic free radical concentrations than the modern humic and fulvic acid samples. The presence of carbon free radicals in the graphite standard could not be determined due to the conductivity of this material. Oklo solid bitumen samples were subjected to various pressures of O2, a paramagnetic gas. O2-organic free radical interactions, as revealed by ESR spectral line broadening, indicate that the organic free radicals of the Oklo solid bitumens are, with one exception, accessible to O2. This indicates that the organic free radicals are located at or very near the surfaces of these organic solids, including the internal surfaces of pores. The presence of pores was deduced from the BET analyses. The presence of porosity and related permeability has important implications for fluid flow through the uraniferous graphitic bitumen affecting radionuclide containment at Oklo. However, the very small average pore sizes (18.5–38.1A) together with the non-wettability by aqueous solutions of the uraniferous graphitic bitumen indicate that the pores did not serve as effective conduits for the transport of radionuclides by aqueous solutions through and out of the solid bitumen matrix. The ESR data obtained from the O2 experiments is comparable to the BET N2 adsorption data, indicating that the ESR O2 experiment reflects physical adsorption, and not chemisorption, of O2 on the Oklo bitumen surfaces.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FePt-MgO Multilayer Thin Films

FePt alloys with the L1{sub o} (CuAuI) ordered structure are important magnetic materials, since their large uniaxial-magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Ku {approx} 7 x 10{sup 6} J/m{sup 3}) provides thermal stability for nanoscale single-domain particles. As-sputtered FePt thin films have a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and are superparamagnetic at nanometer grain sizes. To increase the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and coercivity requires chemical ordering into the L1{sub o} structure by annealing the material at 550 to 700 C. The degree of ordering and improvement in magnetic properties depends upon the annealing time and temperature, e.g., annealing FePt nanocrystals at 600 C for one hour has produced coercivity greater than 19 kOe. An additional aspect of using FePt as magnetic recording media is the orientation distribution of the axis of easy magnetization. The ideal configuration is a strong crystallographic texture with alignment of the L1{sub o} [001] axis of easy magnetization normal to the substrate. This study involves a series of five FePt-MgO multilayers sputtered at room temperature onto silicon substrates with the following configurations (with X = 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 nm): Si+SiO{sub 2}/Seedlayer (MgO, Ag {approx}25 nm)/(MgO 6 nm/FePt X nm){sub 3} MgO 6 nm, all annealed at 700 C formore » 30min. Plan-view samples, produced by ion milling from the substrate side, were characterized with a Philips CM200-FEG and a Philips CM30 equipped with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF) to better understand the magnetic properties through structure-property correlations. For example, the coercivity of the annealed sample with the 2.5 nm FePt repeat was 11.5 kOe whereas for the thicker FePt repeat of 4 nm the coercivity was reduced to 6.5 kOe.« less
Progress towards a NIST microwave brightness temperature standard for remote sensing

We discuss work at NIST aimed at developing a passive microwave brightness temperature standard. By reducing uncertainty, we can provide better calibrations for future weather and climate-monitoring radiometers. We discuss the calibration procedure used, measured data, and various theoretical and simulated results that have led to an improved understanding of the various uncertainty contributions in the measurement. We overview a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the uncertainty in target brightness temperature as a function of measurement distance and target size. We also discuss other future improvements including an improved blackbody design. The achievable calibration source brightness temperature uncertainty is expected to be reduced from the current 0.7 to 1.0 K from 18 to 65 GHz to less than 0.3 K.
Anion-cation mirror symmetry in alkali halide ion dynamics. II

This Brief Report supplements a previous survey and analysis of data relating to the ion-dynamic properties of alkali halide crystals and melts which indicated that mirror symmetry is manifested to a fairly high degree in these materials. The further evidence here presented adds support to the symmetry hypothesis, particularly for the mixed (alloy) pairs related by ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}{\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}{\mathrm{Br}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The conjecture that symmetry breaking results largely from electronic excitation (as well as ion-mass difference) is briefly examined.
Biochemical and immunocytochemical changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein after sab wounds

Changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the forebrain of rats with stab wounds were determined by quantitative immunoblots and by immunohistochemistry. Bilateral stab wounds were made stereotaxically in the cortex and hippocampus. In control rats, the scalp was retracted and depressions were etched on the intact skull. At various times up to 21 days postoperation, one cerebral hemisphere was homogenized, proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots were quantitated by densitometry. The contralateral hemisphere was immunostained for GFAP. Three hours postoperation GFAP+ cells were detected around the wound but there was no increase of total GFAP. At 6 h postoperation total GFAP in the forebrain decreased to 80% of the sham-operated control value and the number of GFAP+ cells was lower, compared to the controls, in layer 1 of the cortex, corpus callosum, cingulum, external capsule, internal capsule, hippocampus, optic tracts and around blood vessels. This early relative decrease in GFAP levels was actually due to an increase in GFAP in the sham-operated controls, which mounted a stronger gliotic response during the first 24 h. In neither group of animals did the GFAP levels drops below those of intact unoperated animals. At 24 h total GFAP began to increase. The number and intensity of reactive glia in the vicinity of the wound increased steadily, appearing to reach a maximum at about 7 days, then declining significantly by 21 days. The glial reaction was most pronounced in the hippocampus. Total GFAP reached 180% of the control value by 7 days and then declined to 117% by 21 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asymptotic Distribution of Coordinates on High Dimensional Spheres

The coordinates $x_i$ of a point $x = (x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n)$ chosen at random according to a uniform distribution on the $\ell_2(n)$-sphere of radius $n^{1/2}$ have approximately a normal distribution when $n$ is large. The coordinates $x_i$ of points uniformly distributed on the $\ell_1(n)$-sphere of radius $n$ have approximately a double exponential distribution. In these and all the $\ell_p(n),1 \le p \le \infty,$ convergence of the distribution of coordinates as the dimension $n$ increases is at the rate $\sqrt{n}$ and is described precisely in terms of weak convergence of a normalized empirical process to a limiting Gaussian process, the sum of a Brownian bridge and a simple normal process.
Sustainable resource management in the Brazilian Amazon: The case of the community of Tiningu

For centuries, Amazonian populations acquired an intimate knowledge of the local resources and of their variability. This knowledge provided them with a basic understanding of the interrelations be...
Sensitivity of elastic gas–surface scattering to the potential: A functional sensitivity approach based on wave packet dynamics

Functional sensitivity analysis is used to study the effect of potential structure upon the elastic scattering of He atoms from a one‐dimensional surface. The calculations are implemented by computing the total scattering wave functions from a wave packet calculation by a Mo/ller wave operator method. The functional sensitivities of the various diffraction probabilities for several angles of incidence and surface corrugation are studied. The method is extended to examine the role of potential structure for a surface with adsorbed impurities. It was observed that the various diffraction processes draw from local regions of the potential in very different ways. At high angles of incidence for back scattering and particularly for strong surface corrugation, the large protruding portions of the surface cast a ‘‘shadow’’ of lower dynamical sensitivity. Results of this type should ultimately be insightful for the inversion of experimental data to obtain the interaction potential.