cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem services in urban planning: Comparative paradigms and guidelines for high quality plans

Abstract Ecosystem services are a powerful tool for land-use and environmental planning, which can help decision makers better understand the tradeoffs between different development scenarios. However, there is limited guidance about how ecosystem services should be used in the land-use and environmental planning context. While existing plan quality guidance for sustainability recognizes benefits of ecosystems by promoting conservation and green infrastructure, it fails to provide specific direction on the type of ecosystem service information to collect and how it should be incorporated into land-use planning processes. We explore this gap by using criteria from American Planning Association (APA) Sustaining Places guidance to analyze two comprehensive plans: Damascus, Oregon, which uses ecosystem services as an organizing framework, and Cincinnati, Ohio, which has received recognition for advancing the science and art of planning. In addition, we compare the extent to which the plans incorporate ecosystem services (both concepts and language) into their goal setting, fact base, policies, and public participation process. We find that incorporating ecosystem services into land-use planning may help achieve sustainability goals by elevating the importance of conservation and providing a lens to link multiple community objectives. APA rewards these attributes of Damascus’ plan, but fails to identify the plan’s strong ecosystem service strategies or weak analysis of ecosystem service information. Based on these findings, we propose additional metrics to help practitioners incorporate ecosystem services into comprehensive plans.
Investigation Distance Formula for Wells in Parallel Flow Formation

The conventional formula for calculation of investigation radius of wells is deduced for vertical wells, which can only be applicable for radial flows rather than for parallel flows. By means of the flow theory in porous media and the production scheme of constant bottom-hole pressure of a production well, the concept of investigation distance of parallel flows is defined. Then the formula of investigation distance of parallel flow is deduced with the propagation theory of pressure pulse wave in formation. This formula can be used for situations of horizontal wells, parallel well patterns and channel strip sands, solving the problems of the pressure propagation scope and the distance of investigation in order to guide the production better.
The detection of central nervous system tissue on beef carcasses and in comminuted beef.

We report the development and validation of a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which can be used as a rapid and sensitive method to detect CNS tissue in meat products. The fluorometric assay is sensitive to 0.2 ng GFAP and has an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.0% and an interassay CV of 14.1%. Bovine spinal cord and brain demonstrate dose-response curves that are parallel to GFAP standards, whereas peripheral sciatic nerve and cervical ganglia also cross-react at high tissue levels. The use of another central nervous system marker, syntaxin 1-B, was not effective for neural tissue detection. Less than 1.0 ng GFAP per mg tissue was found on most beef subprimals and advanced meat recovery (AMR) product. Occasional samples contained higher levels of GFAP, probably because of contamination by the carcass-splitting saw, incomplete removal of the spinal cord, or a chance sampling of a major nerve. Further reduction of CNS content w...
The Problem of Integrating Science and Practice

The years following World War II were heady times for U.S. psychology. An ambitious program for developing psychology’s professional side, adopted at the Boulder Conference, recommended that psychologists be trained as scientist-practitioners (Raimy, 1950). They would embody the intelligence, values, skills, and burgeoning promise of both psychological science and psychological intervention as each embarked on a period of striking growth. New ideas, of substantial intellectual, social, and practical consequence, abounded in both arenas. Psychological science—careful, conservative, and increasingly assertive about its logical-empiricist foundations—promised to bring both mind and body under the secure fold of twentieth-century science. Similarly, psychologists were discovering that their knowledge and interests could contribute to the development of nonmedical interventions for mental dysfunction, and to improving the overall mental health of U.S. society. The notion of integrating these two aspects of psychology, science and practice, and of enhancing psychology’s social credibility at the same time was a spontaneous and obvious acknowledgment of the state of the discipline.
Coprime factors model reduction of linear systems interconnected over arbitrary graphs with communication latency

This paper is on the coprime factors model reduction of spatially distributed systems consisting of heterogeneous, discrete-time, linear time-varying subsystems interconnected over arbitrary directed graphs. The communication between the subsystems is subjected to a one-step time-delay. We review the balanced truncation scheme for this class of systems, and then generalize the coprime factors model reduction method.
Economics of biofuels and bioproducts from an integrated pyrolysis biorefinery

This paper describes a novel integrated biorefinery based on fast pyrolysis and subsequent bio-oil upgrading to produce three product portfolios: hydrocarbon biofuels (gasoline and diesel), bio-based products (bioasphalt, calcium acetate, and dextrose), and hydrocarbon chemicals (aromatics, olefins, and fuel oil). Based on the economic assumptions and historical market prices of the products, we calculate internal rates of return (IRRs) of the biorefinery (2000 dry metric tons per day) over 30 years to evaluate its performance. Given the historical low, average, and high prices of the products, a total of 27 scenarios are explored and the maximum IRR for each scenario is determined. Results indicate that upgrading bio-oil to bio-based products yields the maximum IRR of 67.9% if bio-based products can be marketed at a historical high price level (between $257 and $1491 per metric ton) and an IRR of 42.5% at an average price level (between $240 and $950 per metric ton). Under some market conditions, the biorefinery should produce hydrocarbon chemicals or biofuels to increase the IRR. We also estimate the IRR probability distribution using Monte Carlo simulation by -incorporating distributions of product prices and bio-oil fractions allocated for three product portfolios. Average IRRs of −3.9% for biofuels, 42.7% for bio-based products, and 17.3% for hydrocarbon chemicals are observed with standard deviations of 24.4%, 24.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. The integrated -biorefinery exhibits an IRR distribution of 16.2% ± 16.4% suggesting that the integrated biorefinery could balance the economic disadvantages and benefits from individual product portfolio to achieve profitable IRRs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluation of parasite resistance to commonly used commercial anthelmintics in meat goats on humid subtropical pasture

Abstract Anthelmintic-resistant gastrointestinal nematode parasites are a threat to small ruminant industry sustainability. Meat goat does were administered one of four anthelmintics orally (ivermectin (n = 18), moxidectin (n = 18), levamisole hydrochloride (n = 17), or albendazole (n = 19)) or water (n = 18). Fecal samples were collected pretreatment and 12 days post-treatment. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined by the modified McMaster technique. The FEC reduction percentages (FECR%) were calculated using three equations. Log transformed FEC means were analyzed by treatment, sire breed of doe, and doe age. Sire breed affected (P
Team-Level Time Series Analysis in MLB, the NBA, and the NHL: Attendance and Outcome Uncertainty

We extend the attendance break point literature to the team level, addressing structural change and season aggregated outcome uncertainty for franchises in three of the four North American major le...
Antimicrobial peptides with selective antitumor mechanisms: prospect for anticancer applications.

// Berthony Deslouches 1, 2 and Y. Peter Di 1 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Correspondence to: Berthony Deslouches, email: tdesl19@pitt.edu Y. Peter Di, email: peterdi@pitt.edu Keywords: antimicrobial peptides, anticancer peptides, host defense peptides, antitumor peptides, cationic peptides Received: December 16, 2016 Accepted: March 20, 2017 Published: March 31, 2017 ABSTRACT In the last several decades, there have been significant advances in anticancer therapy. However, the development of resistance to cancer drugs and the lack of specificity related to actively dividing cells leading to toxic side effects have undermined these achievements. As a result, there is considerable interest in alternative drugs with novel antitumor mechanisms. In addition to the recent approach using immunotherapy, an effective but much cheaper therapeutic option of pharmaceutical drugs would still provide the best choice for cancer patients as the first line treatment. Ribosomally synthesized cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides (HDP) display broad-spectrum activity against bacteria based on electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids on the bacterial surface. Because of increased proportions of phosphatidylserine (negatively charged) on the surface of cancer cells compared to normal cells, cationic amphipathic peptides could be an effective source of anticancer agents that are both selective and refractory to current resistance mechanisms. We reviewed herein the prospect for AMP application to cancer treatment, with a focus on modes of action of cationic AMPs.
Beyond Soft Power: Cultural Power from India and China Today through Film1

The concept of ‘soft power’ impoverishes our understanding of politics. It assumes (i) the world has never encountered instances of ‘soft power’ before or knows no better when encountering it; (ii)...
Crowdsourcing research: Data collection with Amazon’s Mechanical Turk

Researchers in a variety of disciplines use Amazon’s crowdsourcing platform called Mechanical Turk as a way to collect data from a respondent pool that is much more diverse than a typical student s...
Gradient-based multi-component topology optimization for stamped sheet metal assemblies (MTO-S)

This paper presents a continuous relaxation of our previous work on the multi-component topology optimization, which enables the use of efficient gradient-based optimization to attain the simultaneous optimization of a base structural topology and its decomposition. In addition to the fictitious material density used in the classic SIMP method, new design variables specifying fractional membership to each component are introduced, in order to relax the process of decomposing a candidate structural topology into a discrete number of components. The concept of joint stiffness is also relaxed using the new component membership variables. Considering stamped sheet metal assemblies jointed by the resistance spot-welding, the stamping die cost consists of die-set material cost and die machining cost. The former is modeled as the minimum bounding box area enclosing each component, approximated by a product of weighted variances in major and minor directions obtained by a weighted principal component analysis. The latter is modeled as an empirical shape complexity index similar to the one available in the literature. Examples on compliance minimization of multi-component sheet metal assemblies are presented, where the proposed continuous relaxation formulation solved by a gradient-based optimization algorithm generated comparable results with dramatically improved computational efficiency over our previous results by discrete formulations solved by the genetic algorithm.
PATIENT SELECTION FOR DE-NOVO LEADLESS SINGLE-CHAMBER VENTRICULAR PACING: RESULTS FROM THE MICRA TRANSCATHETER PACING STUDY

The Micra VVI leadless pacemaker was designed to mitigate lead and pocket related complications associated with transvenous systems. We sought to understand patient selection and relationship to outcomes with this novel therapy. Successfully implanted patients from the Micra IDE trial were divided
A Pilot Trial of Lirilumab With or Without Azacitidine for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Abstract Background Enhancement of natural killer cell activity by blocking interactions between killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) molecules can improve outcomes in myeloid malignancies. Lirilumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks KIR/HLA-C interaction. We designed a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lirilumab as a single agent and in combination with azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients and Methods Adult patients with MDS who had not received previous hypomethylating agents were included. Lower-risk MDS patients received single-agent lirilumab (3 mg/kg); higher-risk patients received azacitidine (75 mg/m2/day for 7 days) in combination with lirilumab (3 mg/kg, on day 7), in a 28-day cycle. Responses were evaluated according to 2006 International Working Group criteria. Results A total of 10 patients including 8 with higher and 2 with lower-risk enrolled. The median age was 70 (range, 50-84) years and 4 (40%) had complex cytogenetics. Baseline molecular mutations included TP53 (n = 5), TET2 (n = 3), and NRAS (n = 2). Patients received a median of 4 (range, 2-13) and 9 (range, 5-14) cycles of treatment with azacitidine with lirilumab and single-agent lirilumab, respectively. Two patients achieved complete remission (CR), 5 marrow CR, and 3 had stable disease. The median event-free survival for the entire cohort was 8 months (95% confidence interval, 4 months to not reached), and the median overall survival has not yet been reached. Five patients experienced 8 episodes of Grade ≥3 adverse events attributable to study drug, with the most frequent being infection or neutropenic fever (75%). Conclusion Lirilumab either as a single agent as well as used in combination with azacitidine has clinical activity in patients with MDS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Ordered Sets and Linear Programming

Our themes are: the use of linear programming ideas to prove theorems about ordered sets, and the use of ideas from ordered sets to prove theorems in linear programming.
Management in local governments: An evolving landscape

Abstract Local governments (counties and cities) are important providers of almost every type of service imaginable. Many social workers interact with local governments on a daily basis and therefore, understanding how local governments operate is critical. This article provides an overview of local government management issues including the changing skill-set managers must possess, the different decision-making and governing structures, service delivery, human and financial issues, the role of local government and future challenges. Implications for social service administrators are advanced.
Checking Convergence to Posterior Distribution

One issue with any Monte Carlo sampling technique, and especially Markov chain Monte Carlo, is convergence. Before samples can be used for parameter estimation, the analyst must have reasonable assurance that the Markov chain(s) used to generate the samples has converged to the posterior distribution. This chapter presents qualitative and quantitative convergence checks that an analyst can use to obtain this assurance and avoid pitfalls caused by lack of convergence.
Wave energy resource classification system for US coastal waters

Abstract Energy resource classification systems are useful assessment tools that support energy planning and project development, e.g., siting and feasibility studies. They typically establish standard classes of power, a measure of the opportunity for energy resource capture. In this study, we develop wave energy resource classification systems for the US based on wave power (J, kW/m) and its distribution with peak period ( T p , s ). These metrics are calculated for 70,386 sites from partitioned bulk wave parameters generated from a validated 30-year WaveWatch III model hindcast. As the operating resonant period bandwidth of a wave energy converter (WEC) technology is an important design characteristic, the dominant period band containing the largest energy content is identified among three peak period band classes. These classification systems, comprised of four power classes and three peak period band classes, are based on the total wave power or the partitioned wave power in the dominant peak period band. They discriminate distinct trends in wave energy resource among five regions within the US, and provide useful information for energy planners, project developers, and technology designers. They also establish a framework for investigating the feasibility of a compatible wave climate (design load) conditions and WEC technology classification system to reduce design and manufacturing costs.
Gastric mucosal ulceration after epinephrine. A study of etiologic mechanisms.

The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of a new model for experimental gastric ulcer after epinephrine administration to the rat were evaluated. That the lesions depended upon acid was demonstrated by their prevention or reduction after bilateral vagotomy, or the administration of an anticholinergic or antacid, and by the reappearance of lesions when artificial gastric acid was infused in the absence of vagal innervation. The probable role of an epinephrine-induced vascular change related to excitation of α-receptor sites was suggested by the protection afforded by the administration of α- but not β-adrenergic blocking agents. The complex involvement of histamine in the pathogenesis was suggested by the protection afforded by both a histidine decarboxylase blocking agent, brocresine, and by aminoguanidine, which inhibits the catabolism of histamine. Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy both afforded significant protection against ulceration, an effect which may have been mediated through the observed inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
Laser-Assisted Fabrication of Flexible Micro-Structured Pressure Sensor for Low Pressure Applications

A novel capacitive pressure sensor based on micro-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was fabricated for low pressure applications. The pressure sensor was developed using PDMS and silver (Ag) as the dielectric and electrode layers, respectively, on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. A set of PDMS films with pyramid shaped micro-structures were fabricated using a laser engraved acrylic mold. The electrodes (top and bottom) were fabricated by depositing Ag on PET films using additive screen-printing process. The pressure sensor was assembled by attaching the top and bottom Ag electrodes to the smooth side of the pyramid shaped micro-structured PDMS (PM-PDMS) films. The top PM-PDMS was then placed on the bottom PM-PDMS. The capability of the fabricated pressure sensor was investigated by subjecting the sensor to pressures ranging from 75-170 Pa. A sensitivity of 0.22%Pa -1 and correlation coefficient of 0.9722 was calculated for the sensor.
Monolithic Silicon-On-Nothing Fiber-Based Pressure Sensors

Monolithic-silicon fiber-based pressure sensors offer high resolution over a broad frequency range with minimal footprint. We fabricate these devices using scalable single frontside mask silicon nanofabrication. Our sensors consist of a sealed 1 μm cavity under a 1 μm thick silicon diaphragm only 100 μm in diameter. For static pressures from 0.3 to 1.4 atm, our sensors showed a standard deviation of 2.6×10−3 atm from the reference. For dynamics pressures out to 50 kHz, our sensors show a pressure resolution of 1.1×10−6 atm/√Hz.
TableNet: a multiplier-less implementation of neural networks for inferencing

We consider the use of look-up tables (LUT) to simplify the hardware implementation of a deep learning network for inferencing after weights have been successfully trained. The use of LUT replaces the matrix multiply and add operations with a small number of LUTs and addition operations resulting in a completely multiplier-less implementation. We compare the different tradeoffs of this approach in terms of accuracy versus LUT size and the number of operations and show that similar performance can be obtained with a comparable memory footprint as a full precision deep neural network, but without the use of any multipliers. We illustrate this with several architectures such as MLP and CNN.
Typical Voltage Quality Optimization Strategy for Distribution Network

Through the analysis of voltage fluctuations, low voltage problems and over voltage problems in the distribution network, the causes of voltage quality problems are found out, and specific optimization strategies are proposed. The genetic algorithm was improved and then tested at the improved IEEE33 node and IEEE69 node. The weighting of the active loss and the voltage deviation is used as the objective function to improve the overall voltage quality while minimizing the total active power loss.
Tidal diffraction by a small island or cape, and tidal power from a coastal barrier

The tidal waves scattered by a small island and a small cape of elliptical shape are derived by the method of matched asymptotics. The results complement the irrotational flow approximation of the near field by Proudman (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., vol. 14, 1915, pp. 89–102). The potential for harnessing tidal power is assessed for the limiting case of a coast-connected thin dam.
Institutional Norms and the Institutionalization of Macromarketing: Historical Insights, the Long Macro View, and Service-Dominant Logic:

Progress toward the institutionalization of macromarketing continues to occur. This article addresses the suggestion, implicit in Robert F. Lusch’s “Long Macro View,” that the institutional norms o...
Ultraviolet Stability for QED in d=3

We continue the study of the ultraviolet problem for QED in d=3 using Balaban's formulation of the renormalization group. The model is defined on a fine toroidal lattice and we seek control as the lattice spacing goes to zero. Drawing on earlier papers in the series the renormalization group flow is completely controlled for weak coupling. The main result is an ultraviolet stability bound in a fixed finite volume.
Talking about the significance of optimizing the condition evaluation standard of small power grid equipment such as voltage transformer

Power grid equipment condition evaluation and condition maintenance is a kind of operation and maintenance means with strong reliability, low cost and high efficiency in power grid equipment operation management. At present, when carrying out state assessment of power grid equipment such as, grounding devices, capacitors, reactors, because of the features of large number, frequent failures, complex and changeable operating environment, etc, existing state evaluation standards have obvious deficiencies, which makes it difficult to meet management needs. Optimizing state evaluation standards, formulating scientific and effective state evaluation guidelines are of great significance for improving equipment safety and ensuring safe and stable operation of power systems.
Program evaluation: A concept analysis

Abstract Background Program evaluation is critical for continuous quality improvement in nursing programs to achieve programmatic goals. The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify the concept of program evaluation in nursing education. Method Utilization of Walker and Avant's concept analysis methodology guided the process. Results The identification of approximately 17 nursing education articles and three textbooks related to program evaluation in nursing education transpired through the search process. A program, a systematic process of collecting data and information, and judgments were the defining attributes of program evaluation in nursing education. The author defined program evaluation as a systematic process of data collection by which nurse educators make programmatic judgments based on predetermined program goals, benchmarks, and accreditation standards for pedagogical revisions and programmatic improvements to transpire. Conclusion Limited scholarship on program evaluation in nursing education supports future research regarding the concept, especially at the graduate program level.
Born on U.S. Soil: Access to Healthcare for Neonates of Non-Citizens

The 14th amendment of the United States (US) Constitution guarantees citizenship to infants born in the US. With documentation of citizenship, typically through a birth certificate, neonates gain official identity and the opportunity to qualify for services like healthcare. Most guidance on caring for immigrant children assumes that access to health care is guaranteed for babies born in the US. In practice, some infants born to non-citizen mothers face barriers in obtaining services fundamental to neonatal health. We conducted a review of the literature to identify articles on access to care for infants born to non-citizen mothers in the US. Because of the scarcity of relevant peer-reviewed published literature on this topic, the search was broadened to grey literature including news articles, online articles, and legal reviews. Using these aggregated sources, we created a framework for understanding maternal immigration status and barriers to healthcare for neonates born in the US. We discuss risk factors from the public health, historical and ethical perspectives. Barriers exist for some mother-infant dyads in obtaining services such as healthcare, health insurance and supplemental nutrition programs. At-risk dyads include neonates of undocumented immigrants and birth tourists as well as neonates born to women on visas. The impact of these barriers on health-seeking behaviors, access to care, and health outcomes for these neonates is largely unknown. The framework for understanding challenges of non-citizen mothers and their infants that we present in this article provides a resource for physicians and public health professionals serving this population. That much of the literature exists outside of healthcare highlights the need for more scholarly work on this problem. Future research will better inform advocacy and public health efforts to protect this vulnerable population of newborn citizens and their mothers.
The Multiethnic Placement Act: Threat to Foster Child Safety and Wellbeing

Despite the efforts of public officials to reduce the time children spend in foster care, many children live in foster homes for a substantial portion of their childhoods. In fact, a child placed in a foster home may remain in that home for an extended period, with a significant possibility of remaining there permanently. In light of this situation, the decision to place a child in a particular foster home is extremely important. The federal Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) significantly affects foster care placement decisions. This law expressly prohibits public child welfare agencies from delaying or denying a child’s foster care or adoptive placement on the basis of race, color, or national origin. Federal officials have interpreted MEPA as barring public agencies from routinely and systematically considering race when placing children in particular foster homes. In other words, MEPA precludes these agencies from pursuing children’s interests through a policy or practice of matching a child’s race with that of his or her foster parent. To date, commentators who have examined MEPA have focused their attention on identifying and weighing the benefits and harms of transracial adoption for minority children and communities. As a consequence, they have not addressed the impact of MEPA on foster care placement decisions in any detail. In contrast, this article examines foster care placement decisions. More specifically, this article uses behavioral biology research on kinship cues and social psychology research on in-group favoritism to formulate a hypothesis that has implications for MEPA’s prohibition on the routine consideration of race in making foster care placement decisions. Namely, children placed with non-kin, same-race foster parents are likely to be safer and healthier than children placed with nonkin, different-race foster parents. The article calls for a test of this hypothesis, explains how such a test may proceed, and discusses possible implications for law and policy addressing race and foster care. The Multiethnic Placement Act: Threat to Foster Child Safety and Wellbeing? David J. Herring
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling in pregnancy: Model reproducibility and external validation.

AIMS Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been previously developed for betamethasone and buprenorphine for pregnant women. The goal of this work was to replicate and reassess these models using data from recently completed studies. METHODS Betamethasone and buprenorphine PBPK models were developed in Simcyp V19 based on prior publications using V17 and V15. Ability to replicate models was verified by comparing predictions in V19 to those previously published. Once replication was verified, models were reassessed by comparing predictions to observed data from additional studies in pregnant women. Model performance was based upon visual inspection of concentration vs. time profiles, and comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters. Models were deemed reproducible if parameter estimates were within 10% of previously reported values. External validations were considered acceptable if the predicted area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration fell within 2-fold of the observed. RESULTS The betamethasone model was successfully replicated using Simcyp V19, with ratios of reported (V17) to reproduced (V19) peak plasma concentration of 0.98-1.04 and AUC of 0.95-1.07. The model-predicted AUC ratios ranged from 0.98-1.79 compared to external data. The previously published buprenorphine PBPK model was not reproducible, as we predicted intravenous clearance of 70% that reported previously (both in Simcyp V15). CONCLUSION While high interstudy variability was observed in the newly available clinical data, the PBPK model sufficiently predicted changes in betamethasone exposure across gestation. Model reproducibility and reassessment with external data are important for the advancement of the discipline. PBPK modelling publications should contain sufficient detail and clarity to enable reproducibility.
Recurrence risk of occult micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in early stage endometrial cancer: A case control study.

Objectives To determine whether previously undetected occult micrometastasis (MM) or isolated tumor cells (ITC) is associated with increased recurrence odds in stage I-II endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods Women with recurrent stage I/II EC who had complete pelvic and para-aortic were identified as the outcome of interest. A case-control study was designed with the exposure defined as occult MM/ITC not seen on original nodal pathology. Controls were found by frequency-matching in a 1:2 case control ratio. Original nodal slides were re-reviewed, stained and tested with immunohistochemical to detect occult MM/ITC and the odds of associated recurrence was calculated. Results Of 153 included, 50 with and 103 without recurrence, there was no difference in age (p = 0.46), race (p = 0.24), stage (p = 0.75), FIGO grade (p = 0.64), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI); p = 1.00, or GOG 99 high-intermediate risk (HIR) criteria (p = 0.35). A total of 18 ITC (11.8%) and 3 MM (2.0%) not previously identified were found in 19 patients. Finding occult MM/ITC was not associated with more lymph nodes (LN) removed (p = 0.67) or tumor grade (p = 0.48) but was significantly associated with stage (p < 0.01). LVSI (p = 0.09) and meeting high-intermediate risk criteria (p = 0.09), were closely associated but not statistically significant. Isolated ITC were not associated with increased odds for recurrence (OR 0.71, CL: 0.20 - 2.22, p = 0.57), recurrence free survival (RFS) (p = 0.85) or overall survival (OS) (p = 0.92). Conclusions In early-stage EC, identification of occult MM or ITC is uncommon and associated with stage. The presence of ITC was not associated with increased odds of recurrence. Adjusting stage or treatment may avoided based on ITC alone. Isolated MM were rare in our population, and further investigation is warranted.
Cellulosic Crop Wastes Ensiled After Rehydration with Fluid Whey

Abstract Cotton gin trash was ensiled at 34°C following rehydration to 70% moisture with either water or fluid cottage cheese whey. Split lots of each rehydrated material were inoculated prior to incubation with pure cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum for comparison. Weekly analyses for the first 4 wk plus one at the 8th wk indicated that whey-rehydrated materials gave characteristics of composition, pH, and organic acids similar to analyses for typical, excellent quality, conventional, green crop silages. Water rehydration produced characteristics typical of lower silage quality. Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation showed no advantage.
Membrane Permeability and the Loss of Germination Factor from Neurospora crassa at Low Water Activities

Neurospora crassa conidia incubating in buffer at low water activities (aw) release a germination-essential component as well as 260-nm absorbing and ninhydrin-positive materials, regardless of whether an electrolyte or non-electrolyte is used to reduce aw. Chloroform and antibiotics known to increase cell-membrane permeability have a similar effect. This suggests that membrane damage occurs in media of low aw and that an increase in permeability is responsible for the release of cellular components. The damage caused in media of low aw is nonlethal in most cases, and the conidia recover when transferred to nutrient medium.
Spiritual awareness pedagogy: the classroom as spiritual reality

Our theoretical orientation as educators is to teach with a spiritual foundation. Central to our perspective is that the classroom as an academic space is poised to facilitate profound spiritual evolution for students. A graduate course in psychotherapy using a Spiritual Awareness Pedagogy (SAP) offers students an opportunity to understand spiritual experience on the road to becoming psychologists, teachers, and healers. At the level of phenomenology, SAP holds that psychological events and mental illness index the extent to which we are living in a way consistent with a fundamental spiritual reality. Students are welcomed into bringing private, raw, neglected, and often discredited stories of lived experience to the foreground. Students and instructors together explore and integrate their impact, receive healing, and in turn envision how to tap this transcendent ground for others. Direct experience and imagination are given primacy along with logical positivist analysis and serve to create dynamic discus...
The Interview: Its Reliability and Validity in Psychiatric Diagnosis

The interview is probably as old as the human race. It quite likely traces its roots to the first conversation in which either Adam or Eve interrogated the other or one of their children regarding some alleged transgression. It differs from the more common, spontaneous, everyday communicative encounter in that the interview is a deliberately initiated conversation wherein two persons, and more recently more than two, engage in verbal and nonverbal communication toward the end of gathering information which will help one or both of the parties better reach a goal. This goal or destination for which the interview serves as a data-gathering instrument is occasionally clearly defined by one or both parties, but, for the experienced as well as novice interviewer, such a goal even today is unfortunately more often than not still too ill-defined and inadequately stipulated.
Effect of folic acid fortification on the characteristics of lemon yogurt

Abstract Development of dairy products with new flavors and health benefits helps the dairy industry increase sales of products as well as provide consumers with products they enjoy. Folic acid is used in the prevention of neural tube defects, heart defects, facial clefts, urinary tract abnormalities, and limb deficiencies. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations and stage of addition of folic acid on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of lemon yogurt over a storage period. Lemon yogurts were manufactured with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the RDA of 400 μg folic acid per 224 ml cup. Folic acid was added before and after pasteurization of yogurt mix. Moisture, ash, fat, and protein concentrations were measured at week 1 only. Folic acid concentration was measured at weeks 1 and 5. Viscosity, pH, TA, syneresis, color, and sensory analysis were measured at weeks 1, 3, and 5. Mean folic acid content values were higher when folic acid was added post-pasteurization. Average mean viscosity values were lower when folic acid added post-pasteurization. Greater syneresis was seen in samples where folic acid was added post-pasteurization. Less viscous yogurts had more free whey resulting in higher syneresis values. Level of folic acid impacted flavor scores. As level of folic acid increased, flavor scores decreased.
Institutional Advancement and Community Colleges: A Review of the Literature

Community colleges are increasingly turning to fund raising to replace declining federal and state appropriations. This paper provides a review of the higher education literature related to community college fund raising. The review examines the history of public and private financial support of community colleges, describes the differences between fund-raising practices of two- and four-year colleges and universities, and examines development strategies currently recommended for use by community colleges. Such strategies include integrating resource development with institutional planning, staffing foundation boards with individuals who are interested in the college and who are able to solicit donations, and providing strong presidential leadership and support to fund-raising efforts. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Assessing nutrient limitation in complex forested ecosystems: alternatives to large-scale fertilization experiments

Quantifying nutrient limitation of primary productivity is a fundamental task of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, but in a high carbon dioxide environment it is even more critical that we understand potential nutrient constraints on plant growth. Ecologists often manipulate nutrients with fertilizer to assess nutrient limitation, yet for a variety of reasons, nutrient fertilization experiments are either impractical or incapable of resolving ecosystem responses to some global changes. The challenges of conducting large, in situ fertilization experiments are magnified in forests, especially the high-diversity forests common throughout the lowland tropics. A number of methods, including fertilization experiments, could be seen as tools in a toolbox that ecologists may use to attempt to assess nutrient limitation, but there has been no compilation or synthetic discussion of those methods in the literature. Here, we group these methods into one of three categories (indicators of soil nutrient supply, organismal indicators of nutrient limitation, and lab-based experiments and nutrient depletions), and discuss some of the strengths and limitations of each. Next, using a case study, we compare nutrient limitation assessed using these methods to results obtained using large-scale fertilizations across the Hawaiian Archipelago. We then explore the application of these methods in high-diversity tropical forests. In the end, we suggest that, although no single method is likely to predict nutrient limitation in all ecosystems and at all scales, by simultaneously utilizing a number of the methods we describe, investigators may begin to understand nutrient limitation in complex and diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests. In combination, these methods represent our best hope for understanding nutrient constraints on the global carbon cycle, especially in tropical forest ecosystems.
The Likely Cause of Extinction of the Tree Snail Orthalicus Reses Reses (Say)

The Stock Island tree snail, Orthalicus reses reses, went extinct in its native range in the Florida Keys in 1992. Fortunately, O. r. reses has been introduced elsewhere and further reintroductions are currently planned. Before these reintroductions are implemented, it is important to try and determine which factors were most likely to have caused the decline and extinction. While habitat destruction was probably the ultimate reason why there were so few tree snails, it is likely that an interaction of habitat fragmentation and the invasion of an exotic predator caused the final decline that lead to the extinction in 1992. We examined the last 93 O. r. reses shells to infer cause of death. In addition, using surrogate Florida tree snails, Liguus fasciatus, we conducted experiments on two previously unstudied causes of mortality: predation by red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, and mortality from falls caused by wind. We found that the majority of the last O. r. reses shells were intact, indicating that mammalian and bird predation were not the greatest causes of mortality. Mortality caused by wind knocking tree snails onto the rocky hammock substrate appeared to be a potential source of mortality, but few of the tree snails exhibited signs of breakage. Mortality from fire ants appears to be one of the most likely causes of the recent decline and extinction of O. r. reses. Experiments indicated that in a semi-natural enclosure, fire ants were capable of killing all ages of L. fasciatus, even during aestivation. Fire ants are currently found throughout the last known habitat of O. r. reses and were first discovered in this area at the time of the decline.
Austrian report on longitudinal outcome in phenylketonuria.

Forty years after Horst Bickel first treated a patient suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU) our aim is to assess the current treatment of Austrian patients. A total of 70 children − 60 with PKU and 10 with hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) — aged 6–16 years were investigated in terms of somatic and intellectual parameters. Their development is normal (PKU: mean IQ=95.40; HPA: mean IQ=101.85) owing to strict dietary control, above all during their first 6 years of life. A comparison of the IQ data of 17 PKU children and their healthy siblings at the age 6 years showed significant correlations in verbal, performance and IQ measurements. Austrian PKU patients do achieve normal IQ values but these measurements fail to guarantee the quality of dietary control. IQ is influenced by a number of variables: genetic, social environment, education and furtherance, motivation for performance, etc., and, in PKU patients, dietary control. The only currently known way of maintaining and improving dietary compliance in PKU patients and their families remains good informative counselling about the disease and psychosocial support.
Use of Echocardiography in Evaluation of General Pediatric Diseases

A variety of general pediatric diseases cause secondary cardiovascular abnormalities. Echocardiography and other noninvasive techniques have provided a better understanding of the incidence, time course, and degree of cardiac involvement in these disorders. Echocardiography yields anatomic and physiologic information with little patient discomfort and a relatively small investment in medical personnel and equipment and therefore offers a practical means for both population screening and serial evaluation of individual patients. When an ultrasound beam, produced by the rapid expansion and contraction of a rare earth crystal, is directed through the soft tissues of the body, some of the acoustical energy is absorbed and a portion is reflected back to the transducer. The depth and intensity of the returning signal can be displayed on an oscilloscope (A mode), or the signal can be swept across an oscilloscope or strip chart to record both depth and time (M-mode) as seen in Figs 1 and 2. Cardiac structures are identified by their characteristic motion and distance from the transducer. The transducer can be rotated or scanned from one structure to another in order to gain spatial information.
Differentially coherent multiuser detection in asynchronous CDMA flat Rayleigh fading channels

Presents a performance analysis of a decorrelating detector for differentially coherent transmission over a CDMA frequency-nonselective Rayleigh fading channel. While the correlation-type receiver is near-far limited in this channel, it is shown that the aforementioned multiuser detector eliminates the bit error rate floor and alleviates the near-far problem. >
Morphology control and high critical currents in superconducting thin films in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system

Abstract Superconducting polycrystalline thin films in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system have been prepared by electron beam evaporation followed by appropriate sintering and annealing. The configuration employed (free or confined surface) to sinter the films determines the morphology varying from random to highly oriented, respectively. These films are predominantly the Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10 phase, but some contain up to 50 at % Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8, demonstrating a toleration of variable stoichiometry. The key to obtaining high quality materials with short air sintering times is precise control of the Tl and oxygen partial pressures. Transition temperatures to 110 K and transport critical current densities to 600 000 A/cm2 at 76 K have been attained. The best films (room temperature resistance p 1 mΩcm show a definite correlation between critical current and p, consistent with the presence of weak links.
The effect of intercalation on the lattice constants of graphite

Abstract A study of ( hk0 ) X-ray reflections has been carried out on well-staged donor and acceptor intercalation compounds based on HOPG, and including stages 2–4 potassium donor compounds and stages 1 and 2 acceptor compounds with AlCl 3 and FeCl 3 . The measured expansion of the in-plane carbon-carbon distance d C − C for the donors is consistent with previous data on potassium. The present study, however, focuses on measurement of the contraction of d C − C , in acceptor compounds; this lattice contraction is consistent with previous predictions based on the upshift of the in-plane Raman active mode frequencies. The in-plane structure and lattice constant for the intercalant in a stage 2 graphite-FeCl 3 compound have been studied, and the results show no symmetry changes of the intercalate lattice, but an expansion of its in-plane lattice constant by a much larger magnitude than the contraction of the graphite in-plane lattice.