cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A CONTINUOUS FLUOROMETRIC ASSAY FOR PECTIN METHYLESTERASE

A continuous, fluorometric assay for pectin methylesterase (PME) activity is described. In this assay, methanol produced by PME hydrolysis of pectin methyl esters is oxidized to formaldehyde by alcohol oxidase, and the formaldehyde is continuously reacted with 4-amino-3-penten-2-one to create a stable, fluorescent product. The increase in fluorescence intensity is linearly proportional to PME activity. The assay can be used in crude plant or fungal extracts with relatively little interference with chemicals or buffers commonly used in PME purification. The fluorescence assay has a useful pH range, from pH 5.0 to 6.5, which overlaps pH optima for many bacterial and fungal PMEs, but which limits its usefulness in assaying plant PMEs with alkaline pH optima. Nevertheless, the method is valuable for rapid assay of plant PMEs during their purification or for comparison of plant tissue PME activities.
Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent crime.

Studies have shown that poverty and income are powerful predictors of homicide and violent crime. We hypothesized that the effect of the growing gap between the rich and poor is mediated through an undermining of social cohesion, or social capital, and that decreased social capital is in turn associated with increased firearm homicide and violent crime. Social capital was measured by the weighted responses to two items from the U.S. General Social Survey: the per capita density of membership in voluntary groups in each state; and the level of social trust, as gauged by the proportion of residents in each state who believed that "most people would take advantage of you if they got the chance". Age-standardized firearm homicide rates for the years 1987-1991 and firearm robbery and assault incidence rates for years 1991-1994 were obtained for each of the 50 U.S. states. Income inequality was strongly correlated with firearm violent crime (firearm homicide, r = 0.76) as well as the measures of social capital: per capita group membership (r = -0.40) and lack of social trust (r = 0.73). In turn, both social trust (firearm homicide, r = 0.83) and group membership (firearm homicide, r = -0.49) were associated with firearm violent crime. These relationships held when controlling for poverty and a proxy variable for access to firearms. The profound effects of income inequality and social capital, when controlling for other factors such as poverty and firearm availability, on firearm violent crime indicate that policies that address these broader, macro-social forces warrant serious consideration.
Prolonged slow potential variation associated with cortical spreading depression

Abstract Three methods of inducing cortical spreading depression in rats resulted in spreading depression and a prolonged negative slow potential change from subcortical and cortical areas of the brain. This prolonged potential has not been previously considered as a concomitant of cortical spreading depression.
Unstrukturierte Daten im Business Intelligence — Vorgehen, Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen in der praktischen Umsetzung

Information- on-Demand und Business Intelligence (BI) gehoren zu den weiterhin wachsenden Beratungsfeldern. Standen bisher strukturierte Daten im Vordergrund, so wird es in Zukunft mehr und mehr darum gehen, Informationen aus unstrukturierten Daten wie beispielsweise aus Dokumenten, Videos, Bildern, E-Mails oder Wikis zu erschlieβen und zu nutzen. Unstrukturierte Informationen werden zwar u.a. bereits in ContentManagementsystemen verwaltet, aber in Kombination mit Business Intelligence kaum genutzt. Die Einbindung unstrukturierter Daten in BI-Systeme und deren Auswertung stellt die etablierten BI-Methoden vor vollkommen neue Anforderungen und verlangt zum Teil neue Verfahren und Technologien. Dabei liefern unstrukturierte Daten nicht nur Fakten, sondern vor allem auch Informationen aus dem und uber den Kontext. Es kann fur den Marketingleiter oder die Produktentwicklung entscheidend sein, ob es sich um positive, negative oder neutrale Kontexte handelt. Fur Gewahrleistungs- und Servicecenter kann es wesentlich sein, ob es sich um neue oder um bekannte Probleme handelt und in welcher Beziehung diese zu anderen Fragen stehen. An die Unternehmensberatung IBM Global Business Services ist eine Reihe von Anfragen gestellt worden, um unstrukturierte Daten in BI-Systeme zu integrieren und fur Auswertungen und Reporting verfugbar zu machen. So wurde gemeinsam mit einer Customer Support Service GmbH ein Projekt aufgesetzt, um die Notizen von Agents auszuwerten, aufzubereiten und uber herkommliches Reporting dem Business bereitzustellen. Ein anderes Projekt hatte zum Ziel, RSS-Feeds automatisch zu klassifizieren und in die internen Informationssysteme zu integrieren. Im Folgenden werden das Vorgehen, die Ergebnisse und die Erfahrungen aus diesen zwei Anwendungen dargestellt.
A one-parameter group-contribution model for liquid mixtures

A new group-contribution method for the estimation of liquid-phase activity coefficients is presented which uses only one energy parameter per group/group interaction. The development is accomplished theoretically rather than by reinterpreting the terms of a molecular model. Comparative results of predictions using the new model and UNIFAC are given.
Use of Electronic Health Record Clinical Decision Support Tools in Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Infectious Disease Society of America (SHEA/IDSA) released guidelines outlining the strategies of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) activities in 2006. These strategies have been supported by advances in technology, beginning with the novel use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, UT. This sophisticated home-grown program allowed for timely and tailored information to be exchanged between the electronic medical record (EMR) and physicians, resulting in reduced drug costs and improved patient outcomes. This CDSS technology became the basis of many third-party vendors that emerged to offer support and improve clinical and fiscal outcomes. However, third-party programs are expensive, require double documentation of interventions within the third-party platform and the EMR, and lack prescriber interaction at the time of prescribing; although they are more customizable and allow for real-time alerts between the microbiology lab and ASP team members. The advancement of the electronic health records (EHR) has expanded the capability for ASPs to use the EHR for clinical stewardship activities rather than outsource it to a third-party vendor. Epic and Cerner currently lead the market in EMR technology and are expected to continue expanding ASP functionality in their foundation systems.
Spin susceptibility in superconducting state of square lattice electron systems

Abstract We derive an expression of dynamical susceptibility in superconducting state from the generalized B.C.S. hamiltonian. We investigate a wave number dependence of static susceptibility with a d-wave superconducting gap in square lattice at T=0(K) for several values of chemical potential. It is shown that the position of maximum of static susceptibility depends on the value of chemical potential.
Examination of an error in an early work on interfering response in superheterodynes

An early work by Morgan describes four types of interfering responses in superheterodynes. In this letter, it is pointed out that all four are examples of the larger class of mixer p-q responses. Furthermore, one of Morgan's formulas predicts responses that are not observed in practice.
Nursing and Psychosocial Issues of Patients on Mechanical Support

Mechanical support technology continues to evolve. Ongoing research has led to more efficient devices allowing for discharge to outpatient or home settings. From December of 1991 to July 31, 2000 the Cleveland Clinic Foundation has placed 240 mechanical support devices. These include 173 HeartMate devices of the Pneumatic or Vented Electric models, 56 Novacors, and 11 Thoratecs. Patients placed on mechanical support potentially proceed through six phases of support. This begins with the evaluation process and progresses through the perioperative phase, the intensive care phase, the regular nursing floor phase, discharge, and transplantation. We have developed a specialized team to care for this patient population. As a result, the nursing and psychosocial care of patients on mechanical support has advanced over years of experience. We have been able to identify specific nursing and psychosocial issues that develop through the phases of support. Becoming aware of these issues will assist in a successful outcome for the patient.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric autoimmune disease: where we stand and where we need to go

In children, autoimmune diseases and their therapies cause significant morbidity, especially in those with severe or refractory disease. The constant development of new immunosuppressants and targeted biological therapies leads to a unique 'moving target' with regard to the gold standard of treatment for these patients. However, incidental findings of cure after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in patients with concomitant benign or malignant hematologic disorders and autoimmune disease raise the question of whether HSCT can be used as upfront therapy for patients with severe autoimmune diseases. Animal data have been helpful in investigating both the efficacy of this modality and the mechanisms underlying cure. The potential for a therapeutic 'graft vs autoimmunity' (GVA) effect with an allogeneic approach highlights the already acknowledged need for clinical trials of allogeneic vs autologous transplant in these diseases where an autologous transplant would be the 'intuitive' albeit potentially erroneous choice. We critically review the data generated in the field thus far, and emphasize the need for an organized, interdisciplinary approach to conduct prospective clinical trials to answer these and other questions and advance the field.
Re-evaluating the contribution and legacy of Hedley Bull

The article aims, in the first instance, to make a detailed analysis of the work of Hedley Bull, approaching the main themes and concepts developed by him. Secondly, it aims to re-evaluate the potential of the author’s contribution, given the new conditions of the post-Cold War period. With this in mind, the article critically analyses the most recent interpretations of this work, which seek to highlight its critical and normative potential, as well as to dissociate it from the realist tradition in international relations. These two facts differentiate the new commentators from older ones and reaffirm the continuing relevance of Hedley Bull’s work, the latter being the article’s chief conclusion.
REVIEWER AND EDITOR DECISION MAKING IN THE JOURNAL REVIEW PROCESS

Much research on the journal review process has found little consistency among reviewers' evaluations of manuscripts. We propose theoretical explanations for these differences related to gatekeeping and particularism phenomena and generate hypotheses regarding influences on initial editorial decisions. A sample of 823 original submissions to the Journal of Applied Psychology were analyzed with respect to author and paper characteristics, reviewer evaluations, and editor decisions. Support was found for gatekeeping functions in that reviewers and editors appeared to pay particular attention to the adequacy of the research design, operationalization of constructs, and theoretical development. Evidence was found for variable gatekeeping in reviewer evaluations, and the impact of reviewer evaluations on editor decisions was moderated by this variability across reviewers. Little evidence was found for social particularism (i.e., favoritism based on gender or affiliation) or content particularism (preference for or against particular research settings or methodologies).
Transporter mediated regulation of neural communication

Neurotransmitter transporters play a fundamental role in the regulation of neuronal activity by removing released transmitters from the extraneuronal space. To evaluate the precise role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) we have inactivated the DAT gene in mice. Deletion of the DAT gene (DATKO) leads to a pronounced hyperdopaminergic state and remarkable neurochemical and biochemical changes. These neurochemical changes are hallmarks of neuronal systems in the absence of functional reuptake. In the DATKO mice the elevated dopamine can induce neurodegeneration of nondopaminergic neurons in the striatum. DATKO mice develop severe motor symptoms of dyskinesia and ataxia, associated with a selective loss of striatal dopamine responsive GABAergic medium spiny neurons, and the concomitant appearance of biochemical markers of neurodegeneration and apoptosis. These findings uncover a previously unappreciated relationship between elevated extracellular dopamine, sustained intracellular dopaminergic signaling and striatal neuronal degeneration.
The pnhA Gene of Pasteurella multocida Encodes a Dinucleoside Oligophosphate Pyrophosphatase Member of the Nudix Hydrolase Superfamily

The pnhA gene of Pasteurella multocida encodes PnhA, which is a member of the Nudix hydrolase subfamily of dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatases. PnhA hydrolyzes diadenosine tetra-, penta-, and hexaphosphates with a preference for diadenosine pentaphosphate, from which it forms ATP and ADP. PnhA requires a divalent metal cation, Mg2+ or Mn2+, and prefers an alkaline pH of 8 for optimal activity. A P. multocida strain that lacked a functional pnhA gene, ACP13, was constructed to further characterize the function of PnhA. The cellular size of ACP13 was found to be 60% less than that of wild-type P. multocida, but the growth rate of ACP13 and its sensitivity to heat shock conditions were similar to those of the wild type, and the wild-type cell size was restored in the presence of a functional pnhA gene. Wild-type and ACP13 strains were tested for virulence by using the chicken embryo lethality model, and ACP13 was found to be up to 1,000-fold less virulent than the wild-type strain. This is the first study to use an animal model in assessing the virulence of a bacterial strain that lacked a dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatase and suggests that the pyrophosphatase PnhA, catalyzing the hydrolysis of diadenosine pentaphosphates, may also play a role in facilitating P. multocida pathogenicity in the host.
Abstract 2965: Olaparib and veliparib as effective PARP inhibitors for cancer prevention in a BRCA1-deficient mouse model

An inherited mutation in the BRCA1 gene leads to genomic instability and those with this mutation have a 50-80% risk for developing breast cancer by age 70. Though bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and surveillance are viable options for this high-risk population, chemoprevention may serve as a good alternative strategy. BRCA1 functions to repair double stranded DNA breaks via homologous recombination and as such, BRCA1 mutations force the cells to rely on other DNA repair mechanisms such as base excision repair, a process which requires Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Thus, PARP inhibition in BRCA1-deficient cells may induce apoptosis in these cells, which would otherwise develop into a tumor, while leaving normal cells intact. Olaparib and veliparib are promising PARP inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials for breast cancer treatment; however, their role in cancer prevention has not been examined. Hence, this study evaluated the effect of these PARP inhibitors in chemoprevention in the BrcaCo/Co;MMTV-Cre;p53+/- mouse model. Mice were fed continuously with olaparib (200 mg/kg diet) or veliparib (100 mg/kg diet) and tumor development was assessed. Both olaparib and veliparib significantly delayed tumor development by 6.5 and 2.4 weeks respectively (p Citation Format: Ciric To, Charlotte R. Williams, Darlene B. Royce, Ryan M. Collins, Michael B. Sporn, Karen T. Liby. Olaparib and veliparib as effective PARP inhibitors for cancer prevention in a BRCA1-deficient mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2965
The Slope Method: A Tool for Analyzing Semi-Continuous Data

The MixAlco process is a biorefinery that converts lignocellulose into useful chemicals and hydrocarbon fuels via mixed-acid fermentation. For a semi-continuous-staged fermentation train, during each transfer, discrete amounts of material are moved between fermentors and data are tabulated. Because of natural day-to-day variations, the data are inherently noisy. To calculate performance parameters (e.g., yield, conversion, selectivity, productivity), the average flowrate of each stream component must be determined. To minimize error associated with noise, three data analysis methods were compared: Average, Accumulation, and Slope. The Average method determines the flowrate by averaging the amounts moved each transfer. The Accumulation method stores the solids and liquids that exit the fermentation train in separate vessels. After an extended time period, the mass in each storage vessel is measured so the average flowrate can be calculated. The Slope method calculates the flowrate of material in each stream from the slope of the moving cumulative sum with respect to time. For all three methods, the measured rates were virtually identical; thus accuracy was not affected by the method. However, for the examples presented, the Average method had >40% error and the Slope method <4% error; thus, precision was significantly affected by the method. The Accumulation method calculated the flowrate with a single data point so it is not possible to determine the statistical error.
Exploring the effects of hillslope-channel link dynamics and excess rainfall properties on the scaling structure of peak-discharge

Abstract Several studies revealed that peak discharges (Q) observed in a nested drainage network following a runoff-generating rainfall event exhibit power law scaling with respect to drainage area (A) as Q(A) = αAθ. However, multiple aspects of how rainfall-runoff process controls the value of the intercept (α) and the scaling exponent (θ) are not fully understood. We use the rainfall-runoff model CUENCAS and apply it to three different river basins in Iowa to investigate how the interplay among rainfall intensity, duration, hillslope overland flow velocity, channel flow velocity, and the drainage network structure affects these parameters. We show that, for a given catchment: (1) rainfall duration and hillslope overland flow velocity play a dominant role in controlling θ, followed by channel flow velocity and rainfall intensity; (2) α is systematically controlled by the interplay among rainfall intensity, duration, hillslope overland flow velocity, and channel flow velocity, which highlights that it is the combined effect of these factors that controls the exact values of α and θ; and (3) a scale break occurs when runoff generated on hillslopes runs off into the drainage network very rapidly and the scale at which the break happens is determined by the interplay among rainfall duration, hillslope overland flow velocity, and channel flow velocity.
Evolving public safety communication systems by integrating WLAN and TETRA networks

This article contributes to the evolution of public safety communication systems by specifying a novel solution for integrating WLAN and Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) networks. The specified solution allows TETRA terminals to interface to the TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) over a broadband WLAN radio access network, instead of the conventional narrowband TETRA radio network. These terminals are fully interoperable with conventional TETRA terminals and can employ all TETRA services, including group calls, short data messaging, packet data, and so forth. In addition, however, such terminals can support a range of brand new capabilities enabled by the WLAN, such as broadband data services, true concurrent voice and data services, simultaneous reception of many group calls, reduced call setup and voice transmission delays, improved voice quality, and so forth. The specified solution is solely based on IP multicast and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technologies and thus fits ideally to the all-IP architecture being introduced by the MESA project for the next generation of public safety and disaster relief communication systems.
Depuration kinetics of hexachlorobenzene in the clam, Macoma nasuta.

Abstract 1. The depuration rate constant for [ 14 C]hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the clam, Macoma nasuta, was determined following a short-term exposure to HCB contaminated seawater. 2. Depuration was not correlated with ventilation volume, nor did the amount of sediment ingested during depuration have a significant effect. 3. The half-life for HCB in M. nasuta was estimated to be 16 days with a bioconcentration factor of 3490 (wet weight basis).
A CFD Study of the Effect of HCHO Addition on Autoignition and Combustion

Experimental and theoretical research [1] targeted towards the effect of formaldehyde on combustion has identified its OH-scavenging role and recent data suggests it plays an important role in combustion instability observed during engine cold-starting. This effect was further studied using a CFD approach and the kinetic inhibiting effect of formaldehyde on the combustion process has been found to be enhanced by thermal/diffusion effects.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
CAN AMORPHOUS GAN SERVE AS A USEFUL ELECTRONIC MATERIAL

In this paper, we propose two structural models of amorphous GaN at different densities, obtained from approximate ab initio molecular dynamics. The network models we obtain are highly disordered but exhibit a large state-free optical gap, and have no homopolar bonds (or odd-membered rings). The radial distribution function, local bonding, and electronic density of states are described. We find that a model with many threefold atoms has weakly localized band tails, especially at the valence edge. This leads us to believe that amorphous GaN may have independent promise as a novel electronic material.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race-Ethnicity on Dental Health:

This article examines the impact of race-ethnicity on dental health and the extent to which socioeconomic status (SES), routine dental care, and health-related behaviors mediate this relationship. ...
Satellite-based Sediment and Chlorophyll a Estimates for Lake Superior

Abstract Estimates of chlorophyll a and total suspended matter (TSM) concentrations are obtained from Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) imagery. We used a coastal atmospheric correction involving an iterative correction for absorbance in the near-infrared bands; however, most scenes had negative radiances at 412 nm, necessitating application of a form of absorbing aerosol correction. An empirical relationship between remote sensing reflectance at 555 nm and TSM concentrations was established, with linear covariance R 2 = 0.74. The NASA coastal bio-optical algorithm (OC2-V2) for chlorophyll a had strong co-variance with ground-based chlorophyll a (R 2 = 0.87), but with a 3-fold overestimate in chlorophyll a concentration. Satellite-based chlorophyll a concentrations (C OC2 ) were corrected based on the regression equation to provide a new solution as follows: C OC2 (transform) = 0.3(C OC2 -0.4). The overall result for Lake Superior is a regional chlorophyll a algorithm, analogous to algorithms that have been developed for other coastal regions of the U.S.
59Fe isotope dilution methods to determine labile Fe in soil and Fe uptake from fertilizer sources

Abstract The labile Fe in calcareous soils is probably divided into at least two fractions. One is readily available to plants and another is potentially available either upon extraction with dictating agent or upon interaction with soil or plant roots of species which are efficient in the mobilization and uptake of Fe. Equilibration of 59Fe in soil docs not result in a true measurement of labile Fe when plants are grown, but a close approximation can be obtained with use of a series of different levels of chelating agents with 59Fe equilibrated soils. Extrapolation to a zero level of chelating agents gives the amount of one fraction of labile Fe while the saturation point with high levels of chelating agent gives the amount of potentially available Fe. Differences in specific activity of DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extracted Fe with that taken up by plants are partially explained by these effects. Different plants varying in susceptibility to Fe deficiency were grown in soil amended to gi...
Intra-Abdominal Fungal Infections Complicating Acute Pancreatitis: A Review

Intra-abdominal infections of pancreatic or peripancreatic necrotic tissue complicate the clinical course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and are associated with significant morbidity. Fungal infection of necrotic pancreatic tissue is increasingly being reported. The incidence of intra-abdominal pancreatic fungal infection (PFI) varies from 5% to 68.5%. Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated fungus in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics, prolonged placement of chronic indwelling devices, and minimally invasive or surgical interventions for pancreatic fluid collections further increase the risk of PFI. Computed tomography- or ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic necrosis is a safe, reliable method for establishing pancreatic infection. Amphotericin B appears to be the most effective antifungal treatment. Drainage and debridement of infected necrosis are also critical for eradication of fungi from the poorly perfused pancreatic or peripancreatic tissues where the antifungal agents may not reach to achieve therapeutic levels. Fungal infection adversely affects the outcome of patients with SAP and is associated with increased morbidity, although the mortality rate is not increased specifically because of PFI. Although antifungal prophylaxis has been suggested for patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics, no randomized controlled trials have yet studied its efficacy in preventing PFI.
Shielding and Criticality Characterization of ALR8(SI) Plutonium Storage Containers

An examination of the shielding and criticality safety performance of the Pantex-designed ALR8(SI) container for storage of ex-weapons plutonium pits is described. The MCNP-4A code was used as the major analysis tool. An MCNP-4A model of an ALR8(SI) container with a “hypothetical” ex-weapons pit inside was formulated. The hypothetical pit consisted of a hollow sphere of plutonium encased in stainless steel. For the photon shielding analysis, data for the gamma rays emitted during the decay of the plutonium isotopes were taken from the LANL website, “Map of the Nuclides.” Dose rates due to the photons emitted by the hypothetical pit’s decay were calculated at various positions external to the ALR8(SI) container. Since Pu-241 may undergo significant decay during the possible period of storage, the effect of varying the amount of Am-241 in the hypothetical pit’s plutonium was also considered. The neutron dose rates exterior to the ALR8(SI) container (with a hypothetical pit inside) were determined using two ...
Lack of antigen fragments in guinea pig transfer factor-like activity.

Abstract Transfer factor-like activities (TFLA) were prepared from guinea pigs immunized to ovalbumin (OA) or to glutamic acid-tyrosine copolymers (GT). Major steps in the partial purification of these factors included gel filtration, alkaline phosphatase treatment, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The TFLA were detected by antigen-dependent migration inhibition of nonimmune peritoneal exudate cells. Nonimmune cells incubated with OA TFLA and OA were inhibited from migrating, cells incubated with OA TFLA and GT were not. Nonimmune cells incubated with GT TFLA and either GT or OA were inhibited from migrating, although the inhibition in the presence of OA was small compared to the inhibition of cells incubated with OA TFLA and OA. “Superantigenicity” did not seem to be an explanation for the activity of these factors, since immunization of donors with radioiodinated antigens did not result in significant incorporation of radiolabel into fractions active in the migration inhibition test.
A PC-interactives stereonet plotting program

Abstract The computer program here described allows the structural geologist to rotate and revolve structural data interactively (strike dip: trend plunge). These actions can remove the effects of dip and plunge. Once a final screen plot is obtained, it may be printed on an associated graphics printer. This program requires an IBM PC/XT AT or compatible equipped with the color graphics (CGA) card. It also works satisfactorily on compatible PCs such as the COMPAQ or AT&T 6300 (which use a combination mono CGA screen). The addition of a math coprocessor (8087 or 80287) greatly speeds up the response time but is not required.
Development of thrombolytic therapy for stroke: a perspective.

Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase, Activase™, rtPA; Genentech Inc) has proven beneficial for acute stroke management, even though only 1 – 2% of stroke patients in the US are treated with the drug [1]. Part of the reason for the under utilisation of alteplase may be the narrow therapeutic window and frequent occurrence of serious side effects, such as increased haemorrhage incidence [2,3]. It is because of these shortcomings, that recent efforts have attempted to identify new thrombolytics that might improve the benefit/risk ratio in treating stroke. Second generation derivatives of alteplase have attempted to counteract the side effects of the drug by increasing fibrin specificity (tenecteplase, TNK-tPA; Genentech Inc) or half-life (lanoteplase, SUN-9216; Genetics Institute Inc.). New recombinant DNA methodology has led to the revival of plasmin or a truncated form of plasmin (microplasmin; ThromboGenics Ltd), a direct-acting thrombolytic with non-thrombolytic related neuroprotect...
Delayed rebleeding of a spontaneously thrombosed aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: This report provides a rare documentation of spontaneous thrombosis of a ruptured aneurysm followed by delayed recanalization and subsequent rerupture. Case Description: A 47‑year‑old female presented with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Four aneurysms were identified on CT angiogram including a basilar apex aneurysm, considered source of bleeding. Cerebral angiogram on postbleed day (PBD) #1 showed spontaneous thrombosis of basilar apex aneurysm. The patient was discharged to a nursing home on PBD #18 after two subsequent studies showed no recanalization of the basilar aneurysm. The patient returned on PBD #26 with a second episode of spontaneous SAH. The previously thrombosed basilar aneurysm had recanalized and reruptured, which was now treated with coil embolization. Conclusion: We are not aware of a previous report of saccular cerebral aneurysm documenting spontaneous thrombosis after SAH and recanalization with second hemorrhage. This occurrence presents a dilemma regarding the timing and frequency of subsequent cerebrovascular imaging and treatment.
Exploiting recursive parameter trajectories in speech analysis

A novel approach to extracting voicing, pitch, and pitch pulse location information by processing the trajectories produced by weighted recursive least squares algorithms is presented. Traditional approaches to extracting this information usually involve performing an LPC analysis, calculating the residual using the LPC parameters, and then processing the residual using various methods. In this work it is shown that if an RLS algorithm is used for the LPC analysis, then extracting the pitch information from the parameter trajectories produced by the algorithm is an accurate alternative to residual-based pitch estimation. This approach also produces accurate LPC parameter estimates by selecting the RLS coefficients at the point just prior to the pitch pulse indicator. >
Sex-Role Identification and Humor Among Preschool Children

Summary The importance of mastery in children's humor has been emphasized by many researchers and theorists. The present study tested the hypothesis that a high level of mastery over S's sex-role identity enhances the funniness of humor based on sex inappropriate behavior. Seventeen three- to five-year-old boys were tested on the It Scale and were shown drawings of children engaged in sex appropriate or inappropriate behavior whose outcome was either positive or negative. While inappropriate and negative outcomes were consistently seen as funnier than appropriate and positive ones, when inappropriate positive outcomes were pitted against appropriate negative ones, boys choosing the former as funnier than the latter had significantly higher sexrole identity scores. Support was claimed for the general role of mastery in children's humor.
The Effects of Red and White Light During the Prebreeder and Breeder Periods on Egg Production and Feed Consumption in Large White Turkeys

Abstract Large White turkey hens were conditioned with 5 lx of white or red incandescent light from 20 to 32 weeks of age. Hens from both of these groups were given white or red incandescent light at two intensities (approximately 85 and 160 lx) during a 20-week breeder period. Feed consumption was greatest for hens on white light during the prebreeder period (P≤.01), but hens on red light consumed the greatest amount of feed during the breeder period. The only consistent finding concerning egg production was that hens exposed to high intensity (160 lx) white light, regardless of whether the prebreeder light was white or red, had the poorest egg production (P≤.01). It is concluded that red light during the prebreeder or breeder periods is not beneficial for egg production over that achieved with low intensity white incandescent light, and that bright white incandescent light is deleterious to egg production
A vendor's view

Abstract This article describes how the vendor can make sure that the relationship between the parties is positive, and that information security is managed as part of the business service.
Low-Altitude Input of Artificial Radioactivity to a Severe Convective Storm—Comparison with Deposition

Abstract Concentrations of artificial radioactivity and plant pollens in rain have been found to vary in phase during convective storms. Because pollens are tracers for low-altitude air, this result is most simply explained by low-altitude input of both pollens and radioactivity in the convective updraft. The low-altitude input hypothesis was tested by mass-budget methods. Comprehensive mesometeorological and radio-chemical data collected from a segment of the severe squall line in central Oklahoma on 10 May 1964 were used in the analysis. The radioactivity inflow rate below 650 mb was estimated kinematically using serial soundings in the storm inflow and the concentration of radioactivity in ground-level air. Total input was computed by multiplying the inflow rate by the time required for the storm to cross a network of 10 ground-level rain samplers. Comparison of inflow and deposition over the sampler network shows that inflow of airborne radioactivity to the storm at low altitudes can account for artif...
Inelastic electron scattering form-factors calculated from shell-model wave functions☆

Abstract From-factors measured for (e,e′) on 20Ne, 24Mg, 28Si and 32S are well reproduced by calculations which use shell-model wave functions and scaling factors consistent with the usual effective charge assumptions.
Mortality, Money, and Commemoration: Social and Economic Factors in Southern California Grave-Marker Change During the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Social and economic factors significantly influenced grave-marker choice in southern California cemeteries during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Gradual changes in the American way of death since Victorian times underwent punctuated shifts in mortuary attitudes, commemoration practices, and funerary materials following moments of extreme social and economic duress. While the form of gravestones slowly evolved from large monuments to smaller flush markers during the late 1800s and early 1900s, they collectively experienced a pronounced shift during the 1920s, reflecting American responses to the devastating human losses of World War I and the 1918–19 influenza pandemic. Financial conditions directly affected decisions regarding those materials selected to mark the deceased as well. Although overall trends reveal that granite gravestones gradually replaced marble as the marker of choice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, pronounced fiscal struggles during the 1907 Bankers’ Panic and the Great Depression were evinced in distinct surges in less expensive marble and metal grave markers.
The rabbit zygote: formation of annulate lamellae.

Annulate lamellae are not formed in rabbit follicular oocytes, unfertilized eggs, or fertilized eggs prior to and during formation of pronuclei. By 16 hours post coitum, blebbing activity of the pronuclear envelopes becomes apparent and continues for several hours. Annulate lamellae are formed at two different sites in the cytoplasm. First, the vesicles thought to be derived from the pronuclear envelopes accumulate in the cytoplasm and, together with already existing flocculent vesicles, give rise to annulate lamellae which are located at random sites, but near the pronuclei. These annulate lamellae continue to grow by further addition of vesicles. Large aggregates of vesicles and cisternae develop in the zygotes by 20 hours, and these are the second site of formation of annulate lamellae. The peripheral and some of the central vesicles of the aggregates organize into elongated laminae and become annulated. By 24 hours post coitum the stacks of annulate lamellae associated with the aggregates of vesicles and cisternae are large, and may have 25 to 30 lamellae. It is concluded that in the rabbit zygote annulate lamellae form from fusion of vesicles.
ON THE EXPONENT IN THE “GENERALIZED” MATCHING EQUATION

A power function equation between ratios of behavior and ratios of reinforcement rates has been called a generalized form of Herrnstein's (1961) matching law, even without a formal relationship having been shown between the two equations. The present work uses a functional relationship to prove that when ratios of reinforcement are not equivalent to ratios of behavior, and the transform leading to this inequality is consistent for every pair of reinforcement rates, the result is a power function relationship between response and reinforcement ratios. The label “generalized matching equation” for the power function equation is thus validated formally.
New color reaction for determination of bacitracin in ophthalmic ointments

Abstract A colorimetric method was developed for the rapid analysis of bacitracin in ophthalmic ointments. The method involves the oxidation of α‐aminocarboxylic acid with sodium hypobromite in an alkaline medium and condensation of the resulting aldehyde with phloroglucinol in concentrated hydrochloric acid to yield a pink color which gives an absorbance maximum at 505 nm. The relationship between absorbance and the quantity of bacitracin reacted obeyed Beer's law over the 15–100‐μ/ml concentration range studied, and the produced color was stable for several hours. Furthermore, the method, which can be applied directly to the aqueous dissolution sample, gave results comparable to the official microbiological analytical procedure. The standard deviation is equal to ±1.81%.
Reinforcement learning for cooperative sensing gain in cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Spectrum sensing is a fundamental function in cognitive radio networks for detecting the presence of primary users in licensed bands. The detection performance may be considerably compromised due to multipath fading and shadowing. To resolve this issue, cooperative sensing is an effective approach to combat channel impairments by cooperation of secondary users. This approach, however, incurs overhead such as delay for reporting local decisions and the increase of control traffic. In this paper, a reinforcement learning-based cooperative sensing (RLCS) method is proposed to address the cooperation overhead problem and improve cooperative gain in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. The proposed algorithm is proven to converge and capable of (1) finding the optimal set of cooperating neighbors with minimum control traffic, (2) minimizings the overall cooperative sensing delay, (3) selecting independent users for cooperation under correlated shadowing, and (4) excluding unreliable users and data from cooperation. Simulation results show that the RLCS method reduces the overhead of cooperative sensing while effectively improving the detection performance to combat correlated shadowing. Moreover, it adapts to environmental change and maintains comparable performance under the impact of primary user activity, user movement, user reliability, and control channel fading.
Competitive Effects of Nondisplaceable Organic Compounds on Trichloroethylene Uptake by Activated Carbon. I. Thermodynamic Predictions and Model Sensitivity Analyses

Abstract Theoretical analyses were performed to investigate potential mechanisms affecting observed reductions in uptake of trichloroethylene from the aqueous phase by activated carbon loaded with nondisplaceable organic molecules. Isotherm sensitivity analysis and thermodynamically based competitive adsorption model predictions give a clear and consistent mechanistic interpretation. At low loadings of nondisplaceable organics, the most significant effect is to reduce the number of high-energy sites available to subsequently adsorbed TCE. The loss of high-energy sites causes a significant reduction in site-energy heterogeneity and reduces TCE uptake in low-equilibrium concentration regions (parts per billion) of the isotherm. As the loading of nondisplaceable compounds increases, further reductions in TCE uptake occur; however, further changes in the site-energy heterogeneity are distributed across a wide spectrum of site energies. This suggests a lowering of the average site energy, a reduction in the total number of sites, or both. In terms of TCE isotherms, this corresponds to a roughly constantpercentagereduction in uptake over a wide range of equilibrium concentrations, displacing the isotherm downward relative to the uptake axis.
Production of electron conics by stochastic acceleration parallel to the magnetic field

Electron conics are enhancements in the electron flux at the edges of the electron loss cone. Such enhancements are a common feature in the electron distribution in the auroral zone. In analogy with ion conics, it has been suggested that electron conics are produced by waves which accelerate electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. However, using a test particle simulation of the electron distribution it is shown that electron conics can be produced purely by stochastic acceleration of the electrons parallel to a dipole magnetic field. A possible wave mode that can produce parallel acceleration is the Alfven-ion cyclotron mode that has recently been shown to modulate the high energy part of the inverted-V electron distribution.
Science education: learn by listening.

While reading P. Webb's Perspective, “Science education and literacy: Imperatives for the developed and developing world” (special section on Science, Language, and Literacy, 23 April, p. [448][1]), I was struck by the commonalities between second-language acquisition and scientific literacy. However, one aspect of the discussion was missing: Webb clearly identifies the roles of reading, writing, and talking, but he gives listening short shrift. There is a great body of evidence supporting the idea that listening is essential for the acquisition of language. The foremost proponent of this idea is Stephen Krashen ([ 1 ][2]). Krashen's language-acquisition theories indicate that with a sufficient amount of comprehensible input (material that is meaningful and at a level appropriate to the listener's skills), the acquisition of language becomes a self-reinforcing process. Any language acquisition—whether it be a second language or the language of science—requires rich, varied, and authentic comprehensible input. This content is different from explicitly studying the rules of a language. As Webb notes, the exposure to science is made comprehensible when students are able to discuss the content in their native languages. Listening to scientific discourse is as essential a component of education as the other features so clearly delineated by Webb. 1. [↵][3]1. S. Krashen , Principles and Practices in Second Language Acquisition (Pergamon, Oxford, 1992). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1182596 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
Rule-based requirements management methodology

This paper proposes a methodology to identify and prevent/control noncompliances and conflicts arisingout of requirement attribute values during requirements management. It is intended to provide a cost-effective approach for managing noncompliances in projects that employ the requirements based engineering approach. The method involves continuous checking and monitoring of requirement attribute values using a rule-based engine concept. This methodology can serve as an enhanced feature for any commercial requirement management application software available today such as IBM DOORS© and Seimens TcSE©.The methodology offers the following advantages: It enables standardization in the development and management of requirement modules.It decreases development and maintenance cost for requirement modules by reducing the effort needed for audits, compliance checks, rework and others. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normative Ratings of National Attributes

301 college students rated 39 country names and 345 characteristics of foreign nations as to attractiveness, believability, importance, and clarity. A number of the normative values of the national attributes were tabulated. Varied groups of studenrs perceived the statements in a highly reliable manner; attractiveness, clarity, and importance ratings proved very stable over time, while believability ratings were less so. The relevance of the national attributes to information integration, impression formation, and artitude change studies was discussed.