cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Job shop type production scheduling by simulation

The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the audience to a concept that is not always appreciated by those skilled in the art of simulation. In contrast to the traditional use of simulation as a study tool, the following discussion will emphasize the potential role of simulation for operational production scheduling in job shop-like environments rather than the research-oriented role now primarily assigned to it.Simulation techniques have been employed to study nearly all phases of the manufacturing process including forecasting, long-range planning, order release, and the flow of jobs on the production floor. This paper discusses production floor scheduling of discrete production facilities with job shop characteristics. A job shop is defined as having the following characteristics: 1)there is a set of production or service facilities; 2) jobs consisting of several tasks move between facilities for service; 3) one or more tasks are performed at each facility; 4) the service time for tasks may vary from job to job; and 5) the routing between facilities may vary from job to job.
A Survey of Elliptic Cohomology

This paper is an expository account of the relationship between elliptic cohomology and the emerging subject of derived algebraic geometry. We begin in Sect. 1 with an overview of the classical theory of elliptic cohomology. In Sect. 2 we review the theory of E∞-ring spectra and introduce the language of derived algebraic geometry.We apply this theory in Sect. 3, where we introduce the notion of an oriented group scheme and describe connection between oriented group schemes and equivariant cohomology theories. In Sect. 4 we sketch a proof of our main result, which relates the classical theory of elliptic cohomology to the classification of oriented elliptic curves. In Sect. 5 we discuss various applications of these ideas, many of which rely upon a special feature of elliptic cohomology which we call 2-equivariance. The theory that we are going to describe lies at the intersection of homotopy theory and algebraic geometry. We have tried to make our exposition accessible to those who are not specialists in algebraic topology; however, we do assume the reader is familiar with the language of algebraic geometry, particularly with the theory of elliptic curves. In order to keep our account readable, we will gloss overmany details, particularly where the use of higher category theory is required. A more comprehensive account of the material described here, with complete definitions and proofs, will be given in [1].
View-angle-dependent AIRS cloudiness and radiance variance: Analysis and interpretation

Upper tropospheric clouds play an important role in the global energy budget and hydrological cycle. Significant view-angle asymmetry has been observed in upper-level tropical clouds derived from eight years of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) 15 um radiances. Here, we find that the asymmetry also exists in the extra-tropics. It is larger during day than that during night, more prominent near elevated terrain, and closely associated with deep convection and wind shear. The cloud radiance variance, a proxy for cloud inhomogeneity, has consistent characteristics of the asymmetry to those in the AIRS cloudiness. The leading causes of the view-dependent cloudiness asymmetry are the local time difference and small-scale organized cloud structures. The local time difference (1-1.5 hr) of upper-level (UL) clouds between two AIRS outermost views can create parts of the observed asymmetry. On the other hand, small-scale tilted and banded structures of the UL clouds can induce about half of the observed view-angle dependent differences in the AIRS cloud radiances and their variances. This estimate is inferred from analogous study using Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) radiances observed during the period of time when there were simultaneous measurements at two different view-angles from NOAA-18 and -19 satellites. The existence of tilted cloud structures and asymmetric 15 um and 6.7 um cloud radiances implies that cloud statistics would be view-angle dependent, and should be taken into account in radiative transfer calculations, measurement uncertainty evaluations and cloud climatology investigations. In addition, the momentum forcing in the upper troposphere from tilted clouds is also likely asymmetric, which can affect atmospheric circulation anisotropically.
Attribution of interminima changes in the global thermosphere and ionosphere

We present a statistical attribution analysis of the changes in global annual average thermospheric mass density and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) between the cycle 22/23 solar minimum (which occurred at epoch 1996.4) and the prolonged cycle 23/24 minimum (2008.8). The mass density data are derived from orbital drag, and the TEC data are derived from ground-based GPS receivers. The interminima change in mass density was −36% relative to the 1996.4 yearly average. Considering each multiplicative forcing independently, lower average geomagnetic activity during the cycle 23/24 minimum produced an interminima density change of at least −14%, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance forcing produced a density change of −1% to −13%, and changes in thermospheric CO2 concentration produced a density change of −5%. There was essentially no interminima change in global TEC derived from ground-based GPS receivers or space-based altimeters, even though past behavior suggests that it should have changed −3% (0.2 TEC units (1 TECU = 1016 el m−2)) in response to lower geomagnetic activity and −1% to −9% (0.1–0.8 TECU) in response to lower EUV irradiance. There is large uncertainty in the interminima change of solar EUV irradiance; the mass density and TEC data suggest a plausible range of 0% to −6%.
Latent change score modeling of psychophysiological data: An empirical instantiation using electrodermal responding

We examined latent change score (LCS) modeling as an approach to the analysis of children’s skin conductance level (SCL) throughout a stressful task--a simulated inter-adult argument--as it relates to externalizing and internalizing symptoms. LCS is an extension of traditional multi-level modeling (MLM) which allows estimation of proportional growth terms. Children (Age 6 – 12 years; N = 150) were from two-parent families. Mothers reported on children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results indicated that the LCS models outperformed the traditional MLM. The use of LCS yielded important novel information regarding profile and pattern of responding for various children and is likely to advance understanding of relations between children’s physiological responses and psychopathology symptoms.
Human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.

Little is known about the immunodominant or protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Cell-mediated immunity is necessary for protection, and healthy tuberculin-positive individuals are relatively resistant to exogenous reinfection. We compared the targets of the cell-mediated immune response in healthy tuberculin-positive individuals to those of tuberculosis patients and tuberculin-negative persons. By using T-cell Western blotting (immunoblotting) of nitrocellulose-bound M. tuberculosis culture filtrate, peaks of T-cell blastogenic activity were identified in the healthy tuberculin reactors at 30, 37, 44, 57, 64, 71 and 88 kDa. Three of these fractions (30, 64, and 71 kDa) coincided with previously characterized proteins: antigen 6/alpha antigen, HSP60, and HSP70, respectively. The blastogenic responses to purified M. tuberculosis antigen 6/alpha antigen and BCG HSP60 were assessed. When cultured with purified antigen 6/alpha antigen, lymphocytes of healthy tuberculin reactors demonstrated greater [3H]thymidine incorporation than either healthy tuberculin-negative controls or tuberculous patients (8,113 +/- 1,939 delta cpm versus 645 +/- 425 delta cpm and 1,019 +/- 710 delta cpm, respectively; P less than 0.01). Healthy reactors also responded to HSP60, although to a lesser degree than antigen 6/alpha antigen (4,276 +/- 1,095 delta cpm; P less than 0.05). Partially purified HSP70 bound to nitrocellulose paper elicited a significant lymphocyte blastogenic response in two of six of the tuberculous patients but in none of the eight healthy tuberculin reactors. Lymphocytes of none of five tuberculin-negative controls responded to recombinant antigens at 14 or 19 kDa or to HSP70. Antibody reactivity generally was inversely correlated with blastogenic response: tuberculous sera had high titer antibody to M. tuberculosis culture filtrate in a range from 35 to 180 kDa. This is the first systematic evaluation of the human response to a panel of native and recombinant antigens in healthy tuberculin reactors and tuberculous patients. Antigens which stimulated prominent lymphocyte blastogenic responses were identified in seven fractions on T-cell Western blot analysis. Two of these may represent previously characterized proteins; the others may contain immunodominant proteins that will require further characterization. Images
Ligature: Component Architecture for High Performance Applications

The increasing feasibility of developing applications spanning nationwide supercomputing resources makes possible the creation of simulations composed of multiple interdisciplinary components and capable of modeling natural and social phenomena of national importance with unprecedented speed and accuracy. However, the potential offered by hardware technology often fails to be fully realized due to the lack of software environments supporting such efforts. Furthermore, the complexity of combining within one application components with different performance characteristics often prevents such applications from achieving required performance levels. The Ligature project at Los Alamos National Laboratory addresses the issue of designing a software infrastructure enabling fast and efficient development of multicomponent applications and that of providing performance guidance to the programmer using this infrastructure. Ligature allows the programmer to define component interfaces specifying how heterogeneous, distributed components can interact within a larger system and provides a reusable infrastructure capable of connecting these components. These interfaces, as well as information about component performance, are accessible through a database. Within this framework, we are trying to understand how information about the performance of individual components and information about performance of the framework can be combined to develop a performance-aware multicomponent application.
A perturbation method for the accurate estimation of the vibration spectrum for the Timoshenko beam

In the stabilization and control of the vibration of flexible structures, a knowledge of the system's vibration spectrum is crucial. In the past, we developed a perturbation approach that, when coupled with the asymptotic wave propagation method of Keller and Rubinow, yields highly accurate estimates for the vibration spectra of certain beam problems. Here, we extend this method to a stand-alone method, applied to the Timoshenko beam problem; it is seen that the wave propagation method is a special case of this method, as are all other asymptotic results that we have found in the literature.
The introduction of public access defibrillation to a university community: the University of Virginia public access defibrillation program

The use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) can significantly reduce the time to defibrillation in patients with sudden cardiac death. This early defibrillation via the AED can also improve patient outcome, including survival and neurologic status among survivors. We undertook the addition of a public access defibrillation program at a large mid-Atlantic university. In our design of the system, we found little useful information to guide us in the development and construction our system. This article is a review of the process of public access defibrillation AED system development such that other medical and academic leaders at similar institutions can more easily develop such systems.
Subjective life expectancy as a correlate of family life expectancy.

Subjects were 18 female undergraduates who participated in this study as part of a Life Span Development Course. Ages ranged from 20 to 43 yr. (mean age 29.8 yr. SD: 8.6, Mdn: 27.5 yr.). A questionnaire w3s administered to the subjects asking them for (a) subjective estimates of their projected life span or expectancy, (b) subjective estimates of the 'rough' length of life in their family, and (c) specific ages at death of great-grandparents, grandparents, either parent, and any sibling. The mean subjective life expectancy of this sample was 74.8 yr. (range: 40.0 to 85.0 yr., SD: 12.1 yr.) which was not significantly different from the actual life expectancy of 74.1 yr. for white females born in the United States in 1960 (4) and subjective expectancies were nor correlated with the chronological ages of these subjects. An average age at death of all reported relatives was calculated (M: 66.1, range 43.5 to 81.7, SD: 10.8) and correlated with subjective life expectancies as indicated by a Pearson correlation of .47 (p < .05). These subjective expectancies were strongly correlated (T = .77, p < .001) with the subjectively estimated 'rough' family life expectancy (M: 75.0 yr., range 60 to 85 yr., SD: 8.0 yr.). The mean estimate made by these subjects of their life expectancies is consistent with the national average and not correlated with chronological age. However, the correlation of subjective life expectancy with mean family life expectancy represents an actuarial improvement over simply using the national average since in fact longevity in families is correlated (2). Further exploration is required to understand how people formulate what we have here called a "rough subjective estimate of the typical length of life in your family" since, at least for women, this is more highly correlated with expeaations for length of the personal life span than is an average of actual age at dearh in one's family.
Consistency Between Documented Occupational Therapy Services and Billing in a Skilled Nursing Facility: A Pilot Study

Historically, reimbursement policies have shaped the delivery of therapy services. The purpose of the current study was to address a limitation in the data collection of a previous pilot study, which assumed billing sheets to be representative of actual therapy activities. Billing sheets were systematically selected (n = 35) from a skilled nursing facility and compared to corresponding weekly progress notes (n = 98) to determine the percent agreement between the two. The average percent agreement across the billing sheets and progress notes was 87.9 percent. Using percent agreement calculations, this study demonstrated that billing sheets are representative of occupational therapy intervention as documented in weekly progress notes.
Design of spatial linkages to replace gears

Abstract This paper summarizes the recent development of various techniques for replacing gears by simple linkages, using the displacement matrix method. When the range of angular motion of gears is relatively small, the spatial stationary-curvature equations required for higher order synthesis of spatial mechanisms are developed to enable the designed linkages to generate the imput-output relations up to the third derivative at one position. Applications are shown for the replacement of: (1) Spur or helical gears by a plane 4-bar linkage, (2) Bevel gears by a spherical 4-bar linkage, and (3) Skew or spiral gears by a spatial RSSR linkage.
B-mode ultrasound observations of bull testes during breeding soundness examinations

The testes of 78 adult Beefmaster bulls (13 to > 31 mo old) were scanned with a 5 MHz, linear array portable ultrasound unit during routine breeding soundness examinations. Videotape recordings were used to measure mediastinum testis width and fluid width between visceral and parietal tunics (fluid width), and to count the number of fibrotic foci. Ultrasound results were compared to breeding soundness score parameters, which included total score, age classification, and percentage of primary and secondary sperm abnormalities. The overall mean mediastinum testis width and fluid width were 0.33 cm +/- 0.133 and 0.10 cm +/- 0.13, respectively; 15 testes had 1-8 fibrotic foci. There were no significant differences in mediastinum testis width and fluid width between left and right testes when compared by breeding soundness score classification or by age classification. There were no significant differences in mediastinum testis width, fluid width, breeding soundness score, or primary or secondary sperm abnormalities in bulls with fibrotic foci compared to bulls without fibrotic foci. There appears to be no significant information that routine testicular ultrasound examination adds to accepted breeding soundness evaluations performed on the same day.
Nineteenth-Century U.S. Industrial Development through the Eyes of the Census of Manufactures a New Resource for Historical Research

(1999). Nineteenth-Century U.S. Industrial Development through the Eyes of the Census of Manufactures a New Resource for Historical Research. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 177-188.
A new technique for analyzing buildup tests from hydraulically fractured wells

This paper presents an iterative technique for interpreting early-time pressure-buildup data for hydraulically fractured wells. The technique uses a modified square-root-of-time analysis with permeability and fracture-length correction curves generated from a solution to flow equations for finite-conductivity fractures. This method is applicable to low-permeability reservoirs where conventional methods of analysis are difficult to apply.
Genetic influences on survival time after severe hemorrhage in inbred rat strains

To find a genetic basis for differential ability to survive severe hemorrhage, we previously showed eightfold differences in survival times among inbred rat strains. We assumed that rat strains had...
Effects of Methylphenidate on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways in Cocaine Addiction

IMPORTANCE Cocaine addiction is associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity among regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways. Methylphenidate hydrochloride, an indirect dopamine agonist, normalizes task-related regional brain activity and associated behavior in cocaine users; however, the neural systems–level effects of methylphenidate in this population have not yet been described.
The hydrophobic effect and the influence of solute-solvent attractions

We have studied the effect of weak solute−solvent attractions on the solvation of nonpolar molecules in water at ambient conditions using an extension and improved parameterization of the theory of solvation due to Lum, Chandler, and Weeks [J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 4570]. With a reasonable strength of alkane−water interactions, an accurate prediction of the alkane−water interfacial tension is obtained. As previously established for solutes with no attractive interactions with water, the free energy of solvation scales with volume for small solutes and with surface area for large solutes. The crossover to the latter regime occurs on a molecular length scale. It is associated with the formation of a liquid−vaporlike interface, a drying interface, between the large hydrophobic solute and liquid water. In the absence of attractions, this interface typically lies more than one solvent molecular diameter away from the hard sphere surface. With the addition of attractive interactions between water and the har...
The occurrence of multiple physical allergies in the same patient: Report of three cases

The syndromes of idiopathic anaphylaxis, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and other physical allergies are well described as separate entities. This article describes the combination of these problems in the same patient. Two patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis are described. One also has exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and one also has exercise-induced bronchospasm and exercise-induced urticaria and angioedema. A third patient with exercise-induced anaphylaxis, idiopathic urticaria, angioedema, cholinergic urticaria, and dermatographism is described.
Dimensionality of the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale

The Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale was interspersed in a larger questionnaire completed by 187 paid undergraduates. Its dimensionality was investigated through cluster analysis and orthogonal and...
Nonprofit management in Europe and Asia

The State and NGOs: Perspective from Asia, edited by Shinichi Shigetomi. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 2002. $28.50 cloth. The Emergence of Social Enterprise, edited by Carlo Borzaga and Jacques Defourny. New York: Routledge, 2001. $120.00 cloth.
Epileptogenic effects of localized ventricular perfusion of ouabain on dorsal hippocampus

Abstract The effects of ouabain on the electrical activity of dorsal hippocampus were studied by localized perfusion on the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle in cats with chronically implanted electrodes and cannulas for perfusion. Concentrations of ouabain greater than 5 × 10−6 m consistently induced focal paroxysmal discharges which spread by projection to contralateral hippocampus. Infusion of known amounts of ouabain into the inferior horn demonstrated a constant inverse relationship between the drug amount and the onset of the seizure. The use of such animals allowed the observation of some long-term behavioral and electrographic changes induced by the drug. These appeared to be reversible when concentrations close to threshold were used. Measurement of ionic changes in the perfusion effluent revealed a rise in the potassium concentration but no apparent change in the sodium concentration during perfusion. It is postulated that the epileptogenic effects of ouabain are critically related to the ability of the drug to inhibit active transport by its effect on Na-K ATPase.
Hayek, Habermas, and European integration

Abstract Recent conflicts both within Europe and between Europe and the United States suggest that Europe's current political arrangements need to be adjusted. F.A. Hayek and Jurgen Habermas argued, albeit on very different grounds, for European political integration. Their arguments ultimately are not persuasive, but a “United States of Europe” can be justified—on the basis of its contribution to European security.
“Thunder without Rain”: ARCI, the Far East Refugee Program, and the U.S. Response to Hong Kong Refugees

During the early Cold War, a refugee crisis in Hong Kong captured international attention. The failure of the United Nations to respond gave rise to a complicated cooperative relief effort involving British authorities, the U.S. government, and many private voluntary organizations. This article focuses on the history of one organization, Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals (ARCI), and demonstrates how its work with the U.S. Refugee Relief Program (RRP) contributed to the politicization of the migrants and became a mutually beneficial collaboration for both bodies: ARCI facilitated RRP's claims to be aiding Chinese refugees, and RRP funded ARCI. Although both ARCI and the RRP fulfilled some of their own goals and aided some refugees, their history shows that Cold War politics still usually won out over strictly humanitarian concerns.
Lateral masking for letters with unlimited viewing time

Linear arrays of 1, 8, and 9 letters were exposed while S read off the items of the letter sequence while maintaining constant fixation. By this procedure, serial position effects were studied in the absence of requirements for scanning the array quickly, as in a tachistoscopic display, and for remembering a large number of items, as in a delayed whole report. Despite the absence of these requirements, typical serial position curves were generated. Serial position effects were partially ameliorated by the introduction of blank spaces into the array. Performance was influenced both in the immediate vicinity of the blank spacings, as well as extending over a large portion of the array. The data were interpreted in terms of lateral masking effects associated with adjacent elements.
Subject expectancy effects in frontal EMG conditioning.

Abstract The influence of subject expectancies on performance has been examined extensively within the framework of behavior therapy but has received little attention within the context of EMG training. This study assessed the effects of subject expectancy on acquisition during frontal EMG conditioning. Prior to conditioning, subjects were either given no expectancy or instructed that learning to control the feedback stimulus would be either easy (high expectancy) or difficult (low expectancy). Subjects in the three expectancy conditions then underwent 20 min of contingent reinforcement for frontal EMG decreases. Three similar groups of no, low, or high expectancy subjects received noncontingent reinforcement. Differential EMG behavior was exhibited between the two no-expectancy groups, with the contingent group reliably lower in EMG activity than the noncontingent. However, differences were not observed between contingent and noncontingent subjects given either low or high expectancy sets. None of the groups could be differentiated on the basis of subjective variables such as anxiety, relaxation, or frustration. These findings suggest that subject expectancies, either positive or negative, interfere with the acquisition of conditioned EMG behavior.
Annual Variation in the Sterol Content of Digitalis purpurea L. Seedlings

Seedings from a single lot of Digitalis purpurea L. seeds were germinated in batches over a period of 13 months. A total lipid extract was made which was resolved into esterified and unconjugated plus glycosylated sterol fractions. The amounts of sterol in each fraction and in the total were compared for seedlings germinated at different times of the year. The amount of esterified sterols reached a maximum value from March until June, and a low value from July until January. In January, a sharp increase began which lasted until March. Amounts of unconjugated and glycosylated sterols were elevated from March until June, low from July until October, and on the rise from November until March. These data correlate with an annual cycle in seed germination. The phase of maximum sterol content of seedlings is followed by a period of null germination.
Characterization of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in an urbanizing subtropical watershed.

Aims The objective of this study was to determine whether varying levels of urbanization influence the dominant bacterial species of mildly resistant (0·03 mmol l−1 tetracycline) and highly resistant (0·06 mmol l−1 tetracycline) bacteria in sediment and water. Also, the level of urbanization was further evaluated to determine whether the diversity of tetracycline resistance genes present in the isolates and the capability of transferring their resistance were influenced. Methods and Results Sediment and water samples collected from five sampling sites were plated in triplicate on nutrient agar plates with a mild dose (0·03 mmol l−1) and a high dose (0·06 mmol l−1) of tetracycline. Five colonies from each plate plus an additional five from each triplicate group were randomly selected and isolated on nutrient agar containing 0·03 mmol l−1 tetracycline (400 isolates). The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and comparison to GenBank using blast. The isolates were also screened for 15 tetracycline resistance genes using a multiplex PCR assay and their ability to transfer resistance through conjugation experiments using a kanamycin-resistant Escherichia. coli K-12 strain labelled with a green fluorescent protein gene. Results from this study indicate that the dominant resistant organisms in this watershed are Acinetobacter spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and E. coli. All of these organisms are Gram negative and are closely related to pathogenic species. A majority of the isolates (66%) were capable of transferring their resistance, and there was a greater incidence of tet resistance transfer with increasing urbanization. Also, it was determined that the dominant resistance genes in the watershed are tet(W) and tet(A). Conclusion Urbanization significantly affected dominant tetracycline-resistant bacteria species, but did not affect dominant resistance genes. There was correlation between increased urbanization with an increase in the ability to transfer tetracycline resistance. This indicates that urban areas may select for bacterial species that are capable of transferring resistance. Significance and Impact of Study These results indicate that urbanization influences the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the potential for transfer of resistance genes.
The republican nominee: Barry M. Goldwater

(1964). The republican nominee: Barry M. Goldwater. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 399-404.
Proton-Neutron Mass Difference in a Unified Gauge Model of Leptons and Hadrons

We discuss some problems associated with the physical interpretation and the renormalization of the model devised by Weinberg which combines the SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) gauge theory of leptons and the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model. Some of the problems we discuss are: (1) renormalization counterterms of this model, (2) complications due to the existence of two scalar multiplets which develop vacuum expectation values, (3) the proton-neutron mass difference in this model. We point out that in this model there is a "zeroth-order" relation connecting the proton-neutron mass difference and certain coupling constants. Departure from this relation in higher orders is computable and we discuss the one-loop correction to this relation.
Mobile phone-based behavioural interventions for health: A systematic review

Objective:To perform a systematic review of the literature concerning behavioural mobile health (mHealth) and summarize points related to heath topic, use of theory, audience, purpose, design, inte...
Maturation of the response of male Tenebrio molitor to the female sex pheromone.

Several chemical signals coordinate the reproductive behavior of male and female yellow mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor L. (Valentine 1931, Tschinkel et al. 1967, Happ and Wheeler 1969, Happ 1969). Of these pheromones, the best characterized is an attractant which is produced by females and which acts only on males. Females release very little of this attractant immediately after imaginal ecdysis, but the rate of emission increases markedly in the first 5 days of adult life (Happ and Wheeler 1969). The present study was designed to investigate the complementary phenomenon by asking the question: Do males become more responsive to the female attractant as they become reproductively mature?
Diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccination and sudden infant deaths in Tennessee

REFERENCES 1. Niikawa N, Matsuura N, Fukushima Y, Ohsawa T, and Tadashi Kajii T: Kabuki make-up syndrome: A syndrome of mental retardation, unusual facies, large and protruding ears, and postnatal growth deficiency, J PEDIATR 99:565, 1981. 2. Kuroki Y, Susuki Y, Chiyo H, Hata A, and Matsui I: A new malformation syndrome of long palpebral fissures, large ears, depressed nasal tip, and skeletal anomalies associated with postnatal dwarfism and mental retardation, J PEDIATR 99:570, 1981.
More on the affinities of the Black-collared thrush of Borneo (Chlamydochaera jefferyi)

The morphology ot the humerus corrobates the placement of the endemic Bornean genusChlamydochaera with the thrushes in the family Muscicapidae and further negates any possible relationship with the Campephagidae. On plumage and zoogeographical grounds,Chlamydochaera is suggested as being closely related to the turdine genusCochoa.
Screening for extermity arterial injury with the arterial pressure index

Abstract Certain extremity injuries presenting to the ED or Trauma Unit warrant increased suspicion for underlying arterial trauma. Such injuries include knee dislocations, displaced medial tibial plateau fractures and other displaced bicondylar fractures around the knee, open or segmental distal femoral shaft fractures, floating joints, gunshot wounds in proximity to neurovascular structures, or mangled extremities. Once the diagnosis of arterial trauma is made, a multi-disciplinary approach is warranted. The diagnostic strategies for vascular injury have undergone an evolution over the past 2 decades. One and a half percent to 4.6% of patients hospitalized with blunt extremity trauma have associated vascular compromise [Bunt TJ, Malone JM, Moody M, et al. Am J Surg 1990;160(2):226-8; Reid JD, Weigelt JA, Thal ER, et al. Arch Surg 1988;123(8):942-6; Applebaum R, Yellin AE, Weaver FA, et al. Am J Surg 1990;160(2):221-4; discussion 224-5; Dennis JW, Frykberg ER, Veldenz HC, et al. J Trauma 1998;44(2):243-52; discussion 242-3]. An efficient and effective evidence-based approach to diagnosing vascular injury is necessary, as the difficulty in diagnosis, the multiplicity of diagnostic strategies, the limited time frame in which to initiate appropriate treatment, the limb threatening complications of a missed diagnosis, and the increased awareness of health care expenditures make this entity an intimidating diagnostic challenge [Johansen K, Lynch K, Paun M, et al. J Trauma 1991;31(4):515-9; discussion 519-22; Lynch K, Johansen K. Ann Surg 1991;214(6):737-41; Walker ML, Poindexter Jr JM, Stovall I. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990;170(2):97-105; Kendall RW, Taylor DC, Salvian AJ, et al. J Trauma 1993;35(6):875-8]. The purpose of this article is to present an evidence-based algorithm for patients who present with either arterial injury or a high-risk of arterial injury. A diagnostic algorithm will be presented, and the rationale for diagnostic interventions will be discussed in the context of current medical literature.
Molecular mechanisms of liver and bile duct development.

The liver is derived from the ventral foregut endoderm. After hepatic specification, liver progenitor cells delaminate from the endoderm and invade the septum transversum mesenchyme to form the liver bud. In addition to proliferation and expansion, liver progenitor cells differentiate into two epithelial cell types, each arranged into unique structures with distinctive function. Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation during liver development are regulated by a variety of factors that are expressed in a spatially and temporally specific manner. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the liver development has influenced the diagnosis of liver diseases and further progress will be critical for future advances in therapy. This review highlights some of the best understood steps of liver development, summarizing progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie differentiation, morphogenesis, and functional integration of the liver. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.47 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Pink Color Defect in Poultry White Meat as Affected by Endogenous Conditions

ABSTRACT The pinking defect in cooked, uncured meat has been a problem in the poultry industry for nearly 40 years. Through the years, analyses of data revealed various processing factors that seem to influence the specific biochemical conditions (pH, redox potential, denaturation, reacting ligands) of the meat that are related to the chemical state of the pigments in cooked meat, their structure, and reactivity. This review addresses endogenous conditions that affect the pigments’ reactivity, and research studies conducted on in situ conditions resulting in pinking in cooked meat. Future studies could be devised for understanding mechanisms leading to developing processes for reduction/elimination of the pink defect in cooked white poultry meat.
No such thing as genuine forgiveness

McCullough et al. propose adaptations that motivate forgiveness when the potential benefits of continuing the relationship outweigh the costs incurred by the transgression. The costs incurred are definite, whereas future benefits of forgiveness are only probabilistic. This situation exposes the forgiver to cheating in the form of repeat transgression. Adaptations motivating genuine forgiveness are therefore unlikely to evolve.
Assessing the proximity of healthy food options and food deserts in a rural area in Maine

Abstract The purpose of the project described in this paper was to assess and describe the food environment facing public assistance clients in a rural county in Maine. Using the concept of a “food desert” and an objective tool for rating participating food outlets, the research team developed a spatial model of client access to healthy foods. The final map shows that most rural residents are within acceptable distances of well-rated stores, though these may not be supermarkets.
Editors' Perspectives on Current Topics in Serials

Periodical Radio is a podcast interview program with the editors of journals and magazines. This article presents editors' diverse perspectives on topics including title changes, peer review, Open Access, the business of sustaining magazines, and the future of print versions of periodicals.
Measuring the effect of multiple eye fixations on memory for visual attributes

Because of limited peripheral vision, many visual tasks depend on multiple eye fixations. Good performance in such tasks demonstrates that some memory must survive from one fixation to the next. One factor that must influence performance is the degree to which multiple eye fixations interfere with the critical memories. In the present study, the amount of interference was measured by comparing visual discriminations based on multiple fixations to visual discriminations based on a single fixation. The procedure resembled partial report, but used a discrimination measure. In the prototype study, two lines were presented, followed by a single line and a cue. The cue pointed toward one of the positions of the first two lines. Observers were required to judge if the single line in the second display was longer or shorter than the cued line of the first display. These judgments were used to estimate a length threshold. The critical manipulation was to instruct observers either to maintain fixation between the lines of the first display or to fixate each line in sequence. The results showed an advantage for multiple fixations despite the intervening eye movements. In fact, thresholds for the multiple-fixation condition were nearly as good as those in a control condition where the lines were foveally viewed without eye movements. Thus, eye movements had little or no interfering effect in this task. Additional studies generalized the procedure and the stimuli. In conclusion, information about a variety of size and shape attributes was remembered with essentially no interference across eye fixations.
Simplified mold filling simulation in resin transfer molding

A simplified mold filling simulation is developed to estimate the process variables for resin transfer molding (RTM) of structural composite parts. This approach uses very limited calculations and needs only microcomputer facilities. Resin flow in RTM processes is considered to follow Darcy's law. Both Newtonian fluid and power-law fluid are studied. Mold sections are decomposed as a combination of simple geometry shapes, such as rectangular, circular, trapezoid, spheric or conic sections. Closed form solutions are derived for each of these simplified shapes. The total mold filling time can then be esti mated, as well as the required inlet pressure or flow rate. Compared with more sophis ticated simulation programs, the computer time and user interface effort are greatly re duced.
Whites as a Minority and the New Biracial Coalition in New Orleans and Memphis

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina flooded more than 80% of the city of New Orleans. As the stories of hurricane victims, mostly African Americans, dominated the national news coverage, New Orleans' racial politics in particular, and the racial divisions in general, once again invited public debate. Why did a city that had been firmly controlled by African-American politicians from the mayor's office to the city council exhibit such a clear racial image? What role did Whites play in the city's political establishment?This project was supported by research grants from the American Political Science Association and the University of Wisconsin, which allowed the author to travel to Memphis and New Orleans to collect original data and interview the mayor of Memphis and other politicians. The author would also like to thank Susan Reed, Martin Gruberg, Wayne Parent, and David Siemers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the article. Special thanks go to the three reviewers and the editors of PS: Political Science and Politics, and to Laura Fisher-Guex, James Vanderleeuw, and Susan Howell for their invaluable assistance with the data-collection/recording process.
Reverse-engineering a detector with false alarms

Inspired by results from the Break Our Watermarking System (BOWS) contest, we explored techniques to reverse-engineer watermarking algorithms via oracle attacks. We exploit a principle called "superrobustness," which allows a watermarking algorithm to be characterized by its resistance to specific distortions. The generic application of this principle to an oracle attack seeks to find a severe false alarm, or a point on the watermark detection region as far as possible from the watermarked image. For specific types of detection regions, these severe false positives can leak information about the feature space as well as detector parameters. We explore the specific case of detectors using normalized correlation, or correlation coefficient.
Brief announcement: locality-enhancing loop transformations for tree traversal algorithms

In this paper, we discuss transformations that can be applied to irregular programs that perform tree traversals, which can be seen as analogs of the popular regular transformations of loop tiling. We demonstrate the utility of these transformations on two tree traversal algorithms, the Barnes-Hut algorithm and raytracing, achieving speedups of up to 237% over the baseline implementation.
HIV resistance to the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide: mechanisms and clinical implications

The increasing prevalence of HIV isolates resistant to one or multiple antiretroviral drugs has fueled the search for new agents that work by novel mechanisms. Enfuvirtide (ENF), licensed in 2002, is the first marketed antiretroviral (ARV) agent that targets viral entry. ENF blocks the virus replication cycle by binding to gp41, a critical component of the machinery used by HIV to enter host cells. As with all ARVs, HIV can evolve resistance to ENF. However, resistance to ENF appears to be somewhat more complex and can derive through either direct or indirect pathways. Direct resistance occurs when mutations in the first heptad repeat of gp41, which constitutes the ENF-binding site, reduce ENF binding. Indirect resistance is not attributable to changes in the ENF-binding site per se, but rather to changes in the HIV envelope glycoprotein (gp120) that reduce ENF susceptibility by more complex mechanisms. The extensive gp120 amino-acid sequence heterogeneity found in primary viral isolates results in unusually broad variability in susceptibility to ENF, and indeed to other classes of HIV entry inhibitors. Clinical data reported to date do not provide clear evidence that virological outcome of ENF therapy can be predicted by either genotypic or phenotypic analysis of viruses present in patients at initiation of ENF therapy. Although ENF offers an exciting opportunity to treat multi-drug resistant HIV, these observations suggest a greater understanding of ENF resistance may be required to ensure the most effective use of ENF in infected patients. Many aspects of the complexities observed in ENF resistance are likely to be relevant for other classes of HIV entry inhibitors currently in development.
Structure and properties of lithium thio-boro-germanate glasses

Abstract Structural studies of the ternary xLi2S + (1 − x)[0.5B2S3 + 0.5GeS2] glasses using IR, Raman, and 11B NMR show that the Li2S is not shared proportionately between the GeS2 and B2S3 sub-networks of the glass. The IR spectra indicate that the B2S3 glass network is under-doped in comparison to the corresponding composition in the xLi2S + (1 − x)B2S3 binary system. Additionally, the Raman spectra show that the GeS2 glass network is over-modified. Surprisingly, however, the 11Boron static NMR gives evidence that ∼80% of the boron atoms are in tetrahedral coordinated. A super macro tetrahedron, B10S18−6 is proposed as one of the structures in these glasses in which can account for the apparent low fraction of Li2S present in the B2S3 sub-network while at the same time enabling the high fraction of tetrahedral borons in the glass.
Correlation between respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in asbestos-exposed workers

Studies of respiratory questionnaire efficacy have emphasized reliability of responses; few have validated symptom response with objective measures of pulmonary function. To determine whether respiratory symptoms are associated with diminished pulmonary function, symptoms reported on the American Thoracic Society (ATS-DLD-78A) questionnaire were correlated cross-sectionally with measured spirometric volumes in 816 asbestos-exposed workers. Cough, phlegm, wheeze, and dyspnea were inversely related to pulmonary function. Cough, phlegm, and chronic bronchitis were associated with a 2 to 8% reduction (p < 0.001) in predicted values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1); wheeze and dyspnea were clinically more significant, with an 11 to 17% reduction (p < 0.001). Wheeze, dyspnea, and roentgenographic fibrosis were all significant independent predictors of risk for restrictive impairment. These results support the validity of the ATS questionnaire as an epidemiologic tool and emphasize the importance of clinical history in assessing respiratory status.
Aluminum coatings by the decomposition of alkyls

Abstract This study was an experimental investigation of the deposition of aluminum on steel by the thermal decomposition of aluminum alkyls. The following commercially available alkyls were evaluated: triisobutyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum hydride, triethyl aluminum and diisobutyl aluminum hydride. The steel was abraded and solvent cleaned, was heated to the decomposition temperature (350–550°C) and was immediately brought in contact with the heated alkyl either directly in the liquid or in the vapor. Coatings were produced from triisobutyl aluminum in the range 350–500°C. The best results were obtained in the vapor in an isobutylene carrier. The decomposition of triethyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum hydride and diisobutyl aluminum hydride produced coatings in the 400–600°C range, either in the vapor or in the liquid phase. The highest deposition rates were obtained with diisobutyl aluminum hydride with coating thicknesses up to 25 μm in less than 1 min. The coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, metallography, ion scattering spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis. They had high purity and good adhesion to the steel and were non-porous.