cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-symptomatic diagnosis and treatment of filovirus diseases.

Filoviruses are virulent human pathogens which cause severe illness with high case fatality rates and for which there are no available FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics. Diagnostic tools including antibody- and molecular-based assays, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing are continually under development. Assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have become the mainstay for the detection of filoviruses in outbreak settings. In many cases, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR allows for the detection of filoviruses to be carried out with minimal manipulation and equipment and can provide results in less than 2 h. In cases of novel, highly diverse filoviruses, random-primed pyrosequencing approaches have proved useful. Ideally, diagnostic tests would allow for diagnosis of filovirus infection as early as possible after infection, either before symptoms begin, in the event of a known exposure or epidemiologic outbreak, or post-symptomatically. If tests could provide an early definitive diagnosis, then this information may be used to inform the choice of possible therapeutics. Several exciting new candidate therapeutics have been described recently; molecules that have therapeutic activity when administered to animal models of infection several days post-exposure, once signs of disease have begun. The latest data for candidate nucleoside analogs, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, phosphorodiamidate (PMO) molecules, as well as antibody and blood-product therapeutics and therapeutic vaccines are discussed. For filovirus researchers and government agencies interested in making treatments available for a nation’s defense as well as its general public, having the right diagnostic tools to identify filovirus infections, as well as a panel of available therapeutics for treatment when needed, is a high priority. Additional research in both areas is required for ultimate success, but significant progress is being made to reach these goals.
Preoperative Radiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer

To the Editor.— In their article entitled "Chemoprophylaxis for Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Prospective Study With Five-Year Follow-Up" (235:2825, 1976), Drs Li and Ross have made a gross misstatement of our published data. These authors state that the use of preoperative radiotherapy gave unsatisfactory or equivocal results, and cite as reference (No. 15), our study. We clearly and unequivocally reported that in an analysis of 700 patients, all at five-year risk, there appears to be a definite benefit to irradiated patients who undergo abdominoperineal resections when compared with the controls. This advantage is reflected in increased five-year survival and reductions in lymph node invasion, local recurrence, and distant metastases.
Requirements for a passive IR advanced moisture and temperature sounder

The design of a high spectral resolution, lambda/delta lambda being approximately 1200 IR, sounder capable of increasing the vertical resolution of atmospheric temperature profiles and achieving a rms accuracy of approximately 1.5 K is discussed. This sounder permits improved determination of meteorological parameters on cloudiness, surface temperature, and air-surface interactions. A set of channels from the high J lines in the R branch of the 4.3-micron CO2 band complemented by a larger set of window, humidity, and temperature channels in the 3.7-, 6.3-, 9-, and 15-micron regions is used. Design and simulation studies show that such a sounder is within the present state of the art.
Infrared spectra and density functional calculations for SMO2 molecules (M = Cr, Mo, W).

Infrared absorptions of the matrix isolated SMO2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) molecules were observed following laser-ablated metal atom reactions with SO2 during condensation in solid argon and neon. The symme...
Towards chemosensing phosphorescent conjugated polymers: cyclometalated platinum(II) poly(phenylene)s

The synthesis and optical properties of several phosphorescent conjugated poly(phenylene)s containing cyclometalated square-planar platinum (II) complexes are reported. These electronic polymers were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling of a dibromophenylpyridine-ligated Pt(II) complex with a fluorene diboronic ester. Their optical properties are characterized by relatively strong orange room-temperature phosphorescence with well-resolved vibronic structure in both frozen 2-methyltetrahydrofuran glass and room-temperature fluid solution. Time-resolved phosphorescence spectroscopy has shown that the polymers have excited state lifetimes of approximately 14 μs. These optical properties of the oligomers and polymers are contrasted with those of small model complexes, the optical properties of which have a strong dependence on the identity of the β-diketonate ligand used. The potential utility of phosphorescent conjugated polymers is illustrated by examination of the diffusive quenching due to oxygen as a function of molecular structure.
Influence of particle size and shape on the comminution of single particles in a rigidly mounted roll mill

Abstract In single-particle roll mill comminution, the degree of size reduction is controlled by the ratio of the nip size of the particle and the roll gap. However, the nip size or effective particle size of irregularly shaped particles is generally unknown. An experimental procedure is presented to assess nip size of irregularly shaped particles and to evaluate energy consumption and energy utilization in their comminution. A series of experiments in which the roll gap was successively reduced reveals that the height of a particle, that is, the particle's dimension normal to the plane in which it resides in its most stable position, is a satisfactory approximation of the nip size which can be conveniently measured with a slot classifier. The nip size or particle height is distributed in √2 and √4 sieve–size fraction according to a Gaussian normal distribution, the median size being roughly 80% of the geometric sieve size. The energy investment for comminuting single particles in a rigidly mounted roll mill varies with the nip size in the manner of a power function. Estimated Weibull coefficients of uniformity for dolomite, galena, and quartz are 7.5, 1.9, and 7.9. Product size distributions of comminuted nip-size fractions are self-preserving in a dimensionless size X/X50 and thus, the median size is a measure of product fineness. Grindabilities calculated from the linear reduction ratio energy relationships are 7.8, 14.0, and 4.5 t/kWh for dolomite, galena, and quartz, respectively. Single-particle grindabilities of these three minerals are power functions of the nip size. Dolomite and quartz data follow closely Rittinger's Law of Comminution.
Ultrasonic vocalizations: evidence for an affective opponent process during cocaine self-administration

Preclinical models of cocaine addiction in the rodent have shown that cocaine induces both positive and negative affective states. These observations have led to the notion that the initial positive/euphoric state induced by cocaine administration may be followed by an opposing, negative process. In the rodent, one method for inferring positive and negative affective states involves measuring their ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Previous USV recordings from our laboratory suggested that the transition between positive and negative affect might involve decaying or sub-satiety levels of self-administered cocaine. In order to explicitly test the role of cocaine levels on these affective states, the present study examined USVs when calculated body levels of cocaine were clamped (i.e., held at a constant level via experimenter-controlled infusions) at, below, or above subjects' self-determined drug satiety thresholds. USVs indicated that (1) positive affect was predominantly observed during the drug loading period, but declined quickly to near zero during maintenance and exhibited little relation to calculated drug level, and (2) in contrast, negative affect was observed at sub-satiety cocaine levels, but was relatively absent when body levels of cocaine were clamped at or above subjects' satiety thresholds. The results reinforce the opponent-process hypothesis of addiction and suggest that an understanding of the mechanisms underlying negative affect might serve to inform behavioral and pharmacological therapies.
Risk factors for maladaptive eating patterns in college women

As the empirical literature on maladaptive eating patterns has grown, the importance of longitudinal studies in establishing causal risk factors has become apparent. The current study reports longitudinal data gathered from the first 20 months of college for female students (n=117). Eating pathology was assessed using a composite measure from the Eating Disorders Inventory. Variables examined as potential risk factors included depression, reassurance seeking, perfectionism, impulsiveness, body dissatisfaction, and stressful events. Eating symptoms were quite stable across the 20-month interval (r=0.68). Although all of the potential risk variables showed significant correlations with eating symptoms, hierarchical regressions controlling for eating symptoms at Time 1 indicated that perfectionism, impulsiveness, and body dissatisfaction failed to uniquely add to the prediction of eating symptoms at Time 2. Depression, reassurance seeking and stressful events did add to this prediction. Failure to find support for variables in a longitudinal design may be due to the age of participants and relative stability of eating symptoms. Perfectionism, and body dissatisfaction may play a causal role in developing eating symptoms at earlier ages, but do not continue to influence the course of these symptoms in late adolescence. Negative affect (depression), needing reassurance in social relationships, and having to deal with stressful events seem to be risk factors for increased eating symptoms in late adolescence.
Vasoactive agonists prevent erythrocyte extravasation in thrombocytopenic hamsters

The mediating action of selected vasoactive amines and their respective antagonists on vascular fragility, visible as cutaneous petechiae, was assayed with thrombocytopenic (TCP) hamsters. Serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, dopamine and isoproterenol administered IP reduced petechiae significantly within 10 min; phenylephrine had no effect. Of the natural amines, 5-HT and NE were most effective in reducing petechial sensitivity to values obtained with untreated, normal animals; hence these two amines only were tested pharmacologically. Pretreatment of TCP animals with Ketanserin or propranolol, administered IP or IV, abolished any petechial inhibitory action of 5-HT and NE respectively; pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine reduced significantly the NE inhibition of petechiae, but to a lesser degree than propranolol. In contrast, atenolol, prazosin and yohimbine had no significant effect. Ketanserin abolished the action of NE, but adrenoceptor blockers had no effect on 5-HT-treated TCP hamsters. The results suggest that 5-HT and NE inhibition of petechiae may be receptor-mediated and that there may be receptor interaction. This was supported by the observation that non-additive subthreshold doses of 5-HT and NE, which individually did not prevent petechial formation in TCP hamsters, when combined totally inhibited petechiae. The theorized importance of endogenous 5-HT and NE to maintain postcapillary venule junctional integrity (site of petechial hemorrhaging) was also demonstrated by treating normal hamsters with drugs known to block or antagonize either 5-HT or NE uptake. In every instance petechial sensitivity rapidly occurred, and the loss of microvascular integrity in Ketanserin-treated hamsters mimicked quantitatively the petechial sensitivity observed with TCP animals.
Separation selectivity in chiral and achiral capillary electrophoresis with mixed cyclodextrins

The use of mixed cyclodextrins (CDs) as run buffer additives for capillary electrophoresis (CE) is reviewed. Mixtures of neutral CDs or neutral and charged CDs are advantageous for both chiral and achiral separations. The unique selectivities offered by these novel combinations allow separations that are often problematic to obtain by other CE techniques.
Identification of pro-epidermal growth factor and high molecular weight epidermal growth factors in adult mouse urine.

Summary By use of immunoblot analysis, we demonstrate the presence of a pro-Epidermal growth factor (EGF) with an approximate molecular weight of 165 kDa in adult mouse urine. In addition, urine contains four high molecular weight EGFs with approximate molecular weights of 116, 97, 66 and 56 kDa. The 165 kDa pro-EGF as well as the 66 and 56 kDa EGFs also are detectable in mouse kidney extract. Neither urine nor kidney contain the mature EGF of 6 kDa. The 165 kDa pro-EGF is the major product synthesized in renal tissue and secreted in urine. The finding of high molecular weight EGFs in urine suggests that part of pro-EGF secreted into urine undergoes partial proteolysis distal to its site of synthesis.
A soluble motor from the alga Nitella supports fast movement of actin filaments in vitro

Abstract In the streaming cytoplasm of the Characean algae cell, the movement of organelles along actin bundles occurs at a striking rate of up to 60 μm s −1 . To further characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we have reconstituted the movement of actin filaments in vitro using defined biochemical components. We report that only a soluble cytoplasmic fraction devoid of organelles and filamentous material supports the movement of fluorescent-labeled actin filaments on glass at a rate of up to 60 μm s −1 . This fraction also contains the K + -EDTA ATPase and the actin-activated Mg 2+ ATPase activities characteristic of myosin proteins. Therefore, on the basis of these observations, we conclude that Nitella cells have a soluble pool of non-filamentous myosin molecules with the mechanochemical properties expected for a motor responsible for cytoplasmic streaming in vivo. The preparation and conditions described here should be useful for the purification of this translocator.
Cryptanalysis of a Kryha machine

In the early part of this century, a mechanical “ciphering machine” was invented by a German engineer, Alexander von Kryha of Berlin. The Kryha-Ciphering-Machine received both the State Prize from the Prussian Ministry of the Interior at the 1926 Police Fair (Berlin) and a Diploma in 1928 from Dr. Konrad Adenauer at the Internaltional Press Exhibition (Cologne). George Hamel, who was to become famous for his work in set theory, published an analysis in 1927 of the size of the key space, which was quoted extensively by “Internationale Kryha-Maschinen-Gelleschaft” (Hamburg) to infer the unbreakability of the Kryha machines.
Oxidative interactions of cholesterol in the milk fat globule membrane.

The effects of oxidative interactions between cholesterol and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) components, i.e., nonlipid fraction, total lipid, nonpolar lipid and polar lipid, on cholesterol oxidation were studied in the presence and absence of water. In the dry state, cholesterol natively present in MFGM appeared to be protected at 135 degrees C. The nonpolar lipid and nonlipid fraction contributed to the protective effect of MFGM. Added cholesterol accelerated the oxidation of membrane lipid fractions. At 75 degrees C, pure cholesterol and membrane lipid fractions did not show significant interaction. However, cholesterol and other lipids in MFGM were less stable than when these were heated separately. When cholesterol and membrane lipids were mixed in an aqueous medium at 75 degrees C, each accelerated the oxidation of the other. The MFGM exhibited a high protective effect on cholesterol oxidation in an aqueous environment. The nonlipid fraction protected cholesterol against oxidation, whereas the lipid fraction was destructive. In the absence of water, the net balance between these two opposing factors was destructive. The presence of water reversed the balance in favor of protection.
Intramolecular π‐Stacking in Isostructural Conformational Probes Depends Strongly on Charge Separation, a Proton NMR Study (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 33/2008)

The cover picture shows isostructural, conformationally assayable molecules capable of associating aromatic moieties. The molecule that tends to fold is dicationic; the molecule that tends to unfold is a neutral hydrocarbon. This simple result deepens the conversation regarding dispersion in the context of ?-stacking as a viable component in the control of conformation. Details are discussed in the article by A. Cammers et. al. on p. 5511 ff..
Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering

Research in the areas of drug delivery and tissue engineering has witnessed tremendous progress in recent years due to their unlimited potential to improve human health. Meanwhile, the development of nanotechnology provides opportunities to characterize, manipulate and organize matter systematically at the nanometer scale. Biomaterials with nano-scale organizations have been used as controlled release reservoirs for drug delivery and artificial matrices for tissue engineering. Drug-delivery systems can be synthesized with controlled composition, shape, size and morphology. Their surface properties can be manipulated to increase solubility, immunocompatibility and cellular uptake. The limitations of current drug delivery systems include suboptimal bioavailability, limited effective targeting and potential cytotoxicity. Promising and versatile nano-scale drug-delivery systems include nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanotubes, nanogels and dendrimers. They can be used to deliver both small-molecule drugs and various classes of biomacromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, plasmid DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Whereas traditional tissue-engineering scaffolds were based on hydrolytically degradable macroporous materials, current approaches emphasize the control over cell behaviors and tissue formation by nano-scale topography that closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The understanding that the natural ECM is a multifunctional nanocomposite motivated researchers to develop nanofibrous scaffolds through electrospinning or self-assembly. Nanocomposites containing nanocrystals have been shown to elicit active bone growth. Drug delivery and tissue engineering are closely related fields. In fact, tissue engineering can be viewed as a special case of drug delivery where the goal is to accomplish controlled delivery of mammalian cells. Controlled release of therapeutic factors in turn will enhance the efficacy of tissue engineering. From a materials point of view, both the drug-delivery vehicles and tissue-engineering scaffolds need to be biocompatible and biodegradable. The biological functions of encapsulated drugs and cells can be dramatically enhanced by designing biomaterials with controlled organizations at the nanometer scale. This review summarizes the most recent development in utilizing nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Multimodal analgesia for radical prostatectomy provides better analgesia and shortens hospital stay

Abstract Study Objective To assess the clinical impact of paravertebral blocks (PVBs) on the immediate outcome of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Design Retrospective review. Setting Urology ward of a university medical center. Measurements Records of 100 consecutive patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy by the same surgeon were examined. In the first 50 patients (group 1), at surgical closure, the wound was infiltrated with 30 mL bupivacaine 0.25% and ketorolac 30 mg administered intravenously (IV). Postoperatively, patients received 15 mg ketorolac IV every 6 hours for 48 hours. Opioid (IV) patient-controlled analgesia was given overnight and thereafter, opioids were given orally as needed. The remaining 50 patients (group 2) received, in addition to the cited medication, a single preoperative oral dose of valdecoxib (40 mg) and preoperative bilateral PVBs at T10-T11-T12 using ropivacaine 0.5% (5 mL per level). Pain scores, opioid consumption, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded. Main Results Addition of preoperative valdecoxib and bilateral PVBs was associated with significantly lower pain scores and opioid consumption. Hospital LOS was reduced from an average of 56 hours in group 1 to 47 hours in group 2. Conclusions Preoperative bilateral PVBs and a single dose of a COX-2 inhibitor may improve immediate outcome and shorten hospital LOS after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
Coupled Field Damage Dynamics via Hamilton’s Principle

We present a new coupled-field model for the dynamics of systems with evolving damage. The continuum model is developed using Hamilton’s Principle together with Griffith energy arguments, and captures the interaction between a meso-scale damage field variable and macroscopic vibrational displacements. The method of averaging is used to show that the nonautonomous coupled-field model gives the autonomous Paris’ Law as a special case.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Sequence comparison of the Caenorhabditis elegans dpy-13 and col-34 genes, and their deduced collagen products

A 2232-nucleotide sequence spanning the col-34 gene from the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is presented. This gene, which encodes a collagen protein (Clg), is transcribed from right to left with respect to the genetic map, and convergently with the nearby dpy-13 gene which also encodes a Clg. Both col-34 and dpy-13 have 5'-flanking elements in common with each other and also with other nematode Clg-encoding genes (clg). One element, variants of which are shared by col-7, col-19 and dpy-13, is predicted to be a target for a number of regulatory molecules, possibly including the ceh-18 product, a nematode POU-domain protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of Col-34 has a high degree of homology with the Dpy-13 collagen, although there are significant differences. In particular, one region of Dpy-13, which is predicted to have secondary structure different from Col-34, is altered by the recessive dpy-13(e225) mutation.
Immune responses dependent on antigen location in recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccines following oral immunization.

The subcellular location of a recombinant antigen in recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines may influence immunogenicity dependent on exposure of the recombinant antigen to cells involved in systemic immune responses. It has been shown that a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine secreting the recombinant Streptococcus pneumoniae PspA (rPspA) antigen specified by pYA3494 induced protective anti-rPspA-specific immune responses (Kang et al. (2002) Infect. Immun. 70, 1739–1749). A recombinant plasmid pYA3496 specifying a His6-tagged rPspA (His6-rPspA) protein (no apparent signal sequence) caused the rPspA antigen to localize to the cytoplasm of Salmonella. Salmonella vaccines carrying pYA3494 or pYA3496 expressed similar amounts of rPspA. After a single oral immunization in BALB/c mice with 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of the recombinant Salmonella vaccines carrying pYA3494 or pYA3496, IgG antibody responses were stimulated to both rPspA and Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. The anti-rPspA IgG titer induced by Salmonella carrying pYA3494 (1.9×107) was 104 times higher than induced by Salmonella carrying pYA3496 (<2.4×103).
Vibrational circular dichroism spectra of protein films: thermal denaturation of bovine serum albumin

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy has been used for the first time to investigate the thermal denaturation of proteins in H(2)O solutions. Films prepared from heated aqueous solutions were used for these investigations. A well-known alpha-helical protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is used for this first study. Both VCD and infrared absorption results obtained for BSA films indicate that the heat treatment of BSA induces significant amounts of beta-sheet structure and that the denaturation process is irreversible. To verify the irreversible nature of thermal denaturation, optical rotation was also measured as a function of temperature in both heating and cooling cycles. These results also indicate that thermal denaturation of BSA in solution is irreversible. This study establishes the usefulness of films for VCD investigations and offers new avenues for VCD studies on biologically important systems.
The skin in the gym : a comprehensive review of the cutaneous manifestations of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in athletes

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) infection is currently a problem of epidemic proportion. Athletes represent a specific group of individuals who are at increased risk to develop CAMRSA skin infections. In this article, the previously published reports of cutaneous CAMRSA infections in athletes are categorized by sport and summarized. General treatment guidelines for the management of cutaneous CAMRSA infection and its associated lesions in athletes are discussed. Also, recommendations for the prevention of CAMRSA skin infection in sports participants are reviewed.
Performance of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter: A Comparative Study of a Hydrophilic and a Hydrophobic Voc

Two lab-scale trickle-bed air biofilters were operated for investigating the difference in performance between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic volatile organic compound (VOC). Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and styrene were selected as a model hydrophilic and hydrophobic VOCs, respectively. Effects of loading rates, biofilter re-acclimation, removal profile along biofilter depth, nitrogen consumption, and CO2 production were compared under three operating conditions, namely, backwashing and two non-use periods (starvation and stagnant).
Pentagonal ZnO nanorods

We report the growth of ZnO nanorods with pentagonal cross-section in electrodeposition on p-type Si substrates. Cathodic potentials smaller than those used for growth of hexagonal nanorods are used. The pentagonal wires have a typical length of 1–2 µm and grow out of an inhomogeneous nano-crystalline thin film. We tentatively explain the occurrence of the pentagonal morphology in terms of kinetic limitations for electron transport in the p-Si substrate and changed chemical conditions at the growth surface. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current Status of Exotic Mesons

Abstract Current status of J PC = 1 −+ -exotic mesons is given. Recent analyses give strong support for the existence of the exotic mesons at masses 1.4 and 1.6 GeV, coupling to πη, πν′, πϱ and πb 1 (1235).
Standardisation of a procedure for quantifying surface antigens by indirect immunofluorescence.

Quantitative indirect immunofluorescence (QIIF) methods used to measure absolute numbers of surface-expressed antigens have produced conflicting results [Marchant, A., Duchow, J., Delville, J., Goldman, M., 1992. Lipopolysaccharide induces up-regulation of CD14 molecule on monocytes in human whole blood. European Journal of Immunology 22, 1663-1665; Antal-Szalmas, P., van Strijp, J.A.G., Weersink, A.J.L., Verhoef, J., van Kessel, K.P.M., 1997. Quantitation of surface CD14 on human monocytes and neutrophils. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 61, 721-728.]. The aim of this study was to standardise a flow cytometric method using the quantitative indirect immunofluorescence kit (QIFIkit, Dako, Denmark) for quantifying surface-expressed bovine classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The importance of accurately titrating antibodies in this procedure and using live cell gates is already accepted. However, little work has been carried out in optimising cell washes to remove excess antibody, or to study the influence of cell numbers used in the assay. In addition, information on the binding properties of each antibody is required in order to make accurate measurements. This study demonstrates that a number of critical parameters must be established prior to using this method for accurate numerical assessment of cell surface-expressed molecules.
Carbodiimide-mediated coupling of benzenepentacarboxylate to human hemoglobin: structural and functional consequences.

We have examined the covalent modification of HbA with BPC (benzenepentacarboxylate) whose carboxyl groups were activated with EDC [1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-car-bodiimide]. Reaction of deoxy-HbA at pH 8 with a 10-fold excess of BPC, preactivated with a 2-fold excess of EDC for 5 minutes, followed by anion-exchange chromatography, gives three components with p50 values of 1.15 (unreacted HbA), 11.7 and 7.61 mm of Hg at 20°C (50 mM Bis-Tris pH 7.0). Component III does not dissociate into dimers upon dilution, but components I and II do. When deoxy-HbA is reacted at pH 6 with 10-fold BPC, preactivated with two-fold EDC for 5 minutes, the resultant HbA derivatives can be separated into three components, with p50 values at pH 7 of 14.2, 10.2 and 5.2 mm of Hg, respectively. All three components are stable tetramers. Oxygen binding by all of the covalent HbA-(BPC) complexes is cooperative, pH sensitive, but IHP insensitive. The latter observation suggest mat BPC is covalently bound to HbA's DPG/IHP bi...
The syntax-lexicon continuum in Construction Grammar: A case study of English communication verbs

This paper offers an alternative analysis of Goldberg’s (1995) account of communication verbs appearing in the ditransitive construction. Based on a more finely-grained frame-semantic analysis of constructional phenomena, it is shown that generalizations over specific syntactic frames are possible at different levels of semantic abstraction. This, in turn, allows us to make across-the-board generalizations that hold not only between lexical units evoking the same frame, but also between lexical units belonging to different frames at different levels of abstraction. The resulting network of constructions combines Goldberg’s proposals regarding the status of abstract-schematic constructions with item-specific knowledge regarding the specific lexical units, with various midpoints in between. This approach has the advantage that there is no need for fusing lexical entries with abstract meaningful constructions, thereby avoiding some of the problems that arise due to the separation of syntax and the lexicon in some constructional approaches.
ESR imaging of polymers and solid materials

EPR imaging was applied to the study of several important processes in polymers and materials. The solvent diffusion and induced swelling was visualized in the water/DMF or toluene/DMF interactions with polycarbonate or polystyrene molded rods. The cross-sectional images revealed non-homogeneous solute/solvent diffusion, rod expansion and crack development. The ESR lineshapes in all cases above confirmed that the nitroxide imaging agent did not interact significantly with the polymer matrix; thus the paramagnetic distribution reflected bulk solvent distribution quite well. The diffusion of an electrolyte buffer (Krebs) solution containing a nitroxide spin probe was followed in a cross-sectional image of a polyacrylamide gel rod. A one-dimensional radial diffusion constant was calculated for the solvent piperidinol nitroxide spin probe, TEMPOL. Lastly, solid coal rods were monitored during mild pyrolysis at 150°C in air. Here the naturally occurring organic radical composition was imaged. Even with the increase in total ESR signal and subsequent decline to ca. the initial levels, the coal rod cross-section was essentially homogeneous in paramagnetic centers throughout the heating process. All of the imaging above utilized a homemade L-band, flat loop surface coil spectrometer.
Congruence of childhood sex-role identity and behaviour disturbances.

Summary Thirty-eight children who were aged between 4 and 121/2 years were referred for potential gender disturbances and received independent assessments of sex-role behaviour and identity. Ratings of sex-role behaviour were based on psychodynamic, behavioural and psychometric procedures, with the behavioural and psychodynamic ratings most highly correlated. Two ratings of sex-role identity disturbance, derived from psychodynamic and behavioural orientations, yielded a strong interrelated agreement. The mean ratings of sex-role identity and behaviour disturbance were moderately correlated and provided a high degree of internal consistency. An overall diagnosis was derived for each subject by combining the behaviour and identity mean ratings. The findings are discussed in terms of the limitations of present knowledge on normal and deviant sex-role developmental processes.
Analysis of the decay of temperature fluctuations in isotropic turbulence

The Lagrangian dispersion theory of Durbin (1980) is used to analyze experiments by Warhaft and Lumley (1978) and by Sreenivasan et al. (1980) on temperature fluctuations in grid-generated turbulence. Both theory and experiment show that the decay exponent m depends on the ratio of the initial length scales of velocity and temperature, although when this ratio is greater than 2.5 such dependence is negligible. The theory shows that m is not truly constant, but within the range covered by the experiments it is nearly so. The agreement between theory and experiment lends credence to the idea that the decay of fluctuations is controlled largely by turbulent relative dispersion.
SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION OF Pt ON THE Pt(311) PLANE

Etude par microscopie ionique a emission de champ. Les atomes seuls migrent dans un canal donne du plan (311) a des temperatures superieures a 215 K
Variation of interplate fault zone properties with depth in the Japan subduction zone

The depth dependence of physical properties along the Japan subduction zone interface was explored using teleseismic recordings of earthquake signals. Broadband body waves were inverted to determine the duration of rupture and source depth for 40 interplate thrust earthquakes located offshore of Honshu between 1989 and 1995. After scaling for differences in seismic moment, there is a systematic decrease in rupture duration with increasing depth along the subducting plate interface. This indicates increases in rupture velocity or stress drop with depth, likely related to variation in rigidity of sediments on the megathrust.
The concept of delayed nucleation in nanocrystal growth demonstrated for the case of iron oxide nanodisks

A comprehensive study of iron oxide nanocrystal growth through non-hydrolitic, surfactant-mediated thermal reaction of iron pentacarbonyl and an oxidizer has been conducted, which includes size control, anisotropic shape evolution, and crystallographic phase transition of monodisperse iron oxide colloidal nanocrystals. The reaction was monitored via in situ UV-vis spectroscopy, taking advantage of the color change accompanying the iron oxide colloid formation, allowing measurement of the induction time for nucleation. Features of the synthesis such as the size control and reproducibility are related to the occurrence of the observed delayed nucleation process. As a separate source of iron and oxygen is adopted, phase control could also be achieved by sequential injections of oxidizer.
Miniaturized Lumped-Element Power Dividers with a Filtering Function

Three miniaturized lumped-element power dividers with a filtering function for use in quadrature mixers are described. Simulation results showed that they can be miniaturized, as compared to conventional ones with open/short stubs, while maintaining the filter characteristics. A fabricated 0.95-GHz 0° power divider with a filtering function had a chip size about half that of a conventional lumped-element one. Its insertion loss at 0.95 ± 0.05GHz was 4.0 ± 0.1dB.
Evolutionary flight and enabling smart actuator devices

Recent interest in morphing vehicles with multiple, optimized configurations has led to renewed research on biological flight. The flying vertebrates - birds, bats, and pterosaurs - all made or make use of various morphing devices to achieve lift to suit rapidly changing flight demands, including maneuvers as complex as perching and hovering. The first part of this paper will discuss these devices, with a focus on the morphing elements and structural strong suits of each creature. Modern flight correlations to these devices will be discussed and analyzed as valid adaptations of these evolutionary traits. The second part of the paper will focus on the use of active joint structures for use in morphing aircraft devices. Initial work on smart actuator devices focused on NASA Langley's Hyper-Elliptical Cambered Span (HECS) wing platform, which led to development of a discretized spanwise curvature effector. This mechanism uses shape memory alloy (SMA) as the sole morphing actuator, allowing fast rotation with lightweight components at the expense of energy inefficiency. Phase two of morphing actuator development will add an element of active rigidity to the morphing structure, in the form of shape memory polymer (SMP). Employing a composite structure of polymer and alloy, this joint will function as part of a biomimetic morphing actuator system in a more energetically efficient manner. The joint is thermally actuated to allow compliance on demand and rigidity in the nominal configuration. Analytical and experimental joint models are presented, and potential applications on a bat-wing aircraft structure are outlined.
Photon‐in photon‐out soft X‐ray spectroscopy for materials science

A brief overview of the three elements of photon-in photon-out spectroscopy is given, i.e., X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). Key features are emphasized, such as element selectivity and the ability to study electronic states in dilute systems, at buried interfaces, and in a liquid environment. Characteristic applications in the areas of nanomaterials, biomaterials, and photovoltaic materials illustrate these capabilities.
Acridinium-Based Chemiluminescence for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Detection of Chlorophenols

Abstract A derivatization scheme employing 10-methyl-9-acridinium carboxylate as a chemiluminescent label for sensitive detection of environmentally important chlorophenols using HPLC was investigated. A two-step derivatization scheme was used to generate the chemiluminescent derivatives. Following separation under reversed phase conditions, the chemiluminescent reaction was performed by base-catalyzed postcolumn oxidation. Unlike conventional chemiluminescence measurements, the quantum efficiency was analyte dependent. Comparable sensitivity for the array of chlorophenols studied was achieved by manipulation of reaction parameters affecting the chemiluminescence response of the derivatives. Detection limits in the femto- to attomole range were obtained.
University and public school connections: One preservice teacher tells her story with her professor

Abstract This article describes the feelings of one student involved in a school‐based project in which undergraduates receive all their language arts methods instruction within an elementary school classroom. Issues such as independence, interdependence, community, personal voice, and connection of philosophy to practice are discussed. The student's personal and professional development is also reflected upon by her professor within the context of research on teacher education.
Uptake of36Cl-toxaphene in the cockroach,Leucophaea maderae (Fabr.)

Toxaphene was only slightly toxic toL. maderae. The ED-50 at 120 h was 299.5 μg/g. Uptake of a sublethal dose of36Cl-toxaphene was examined in several tissues. At most time intervals between 2–96 h, greater concentrations were found in VNC than haemolymph, fat body, or alimentary canal. At 120 h, tissues of symptomatic insects possessed significantly greater amounts of radiolabeled material than asymptomatic, except for fat body where no difference was noted.
A CIT investigation of servicescape failures and associated recovery strategies

This study was undertaken to investigate service failures relating to problems with the management of the servicescape. Of the 1,370 failure critical incidents collected, 123 were identified as servicescape failures. The three primary types of servicescape failures most likely to occur, listed in order of frequency, include cleanliness issues, mechanical problems, and facility design issues. The study also identifies eight servicescape subfailure type categories and discusses failure ratings, recovery strategies, recovering ratings and customer retention rates.
Development and validation of the illness behavior inventory

The development and validation of a measure of illness behavior are presented. From a large domain sample of illness-related behaviors, a 20-item self-report measure was developed, the Illness Behavior Inventory (IBI). Validation data are presented from a series of independent studies with healthy and chronically ill individuals. Results indicate that the IBI possesses acceptable levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structural reliability, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity. The applicability of the IBI to various areas of inquiry in behavioral medicine research and practice is discussed and directions for future research are outlined.
Shape induced inhibition of phagocytosis of polymer particles.

Purpose To determine if particle shape can be engineered to inhibit phagocytosis of drug delivery particles by macrophages, which can be a significant barrier to successful therapeutic delivery.
Remediation of chromite ore processing residue using ferrous sulfate and calcium polysulfide

Batch tests were conducted to assess the potential use of ferrous sulfate and calcium polysulfide for the remediation of chromite ore processing residue (COPR). The remediation process entails addition of ferrous sulfate or calcium polysulfide to chemically reduce hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] in slurry form and pH adjustment to precipitate Cr(III) as chromium hydroxide. The present study investigates the effects of COPR particle size, treatment pH, and chemical dosage on the performance of the treatment. Smaller particle size resulted in increases in alkaline digestion and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Cr(VI) concentrations for the untreated samples. The chemical reduction of Cr(VI) with ferrous iron and sulfides was non-stoichiometric. Four times the stoichiometric amount of ferrous iron of two times the stoichiometric amount of polysulfide were needed to meet both the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) regulatory limit of 240 mg/kg for Cr(VI) and EPA TCLP regulatory limit of 5 mg/L for chromium [C,r]. pH adjustment was necessary to prevent the formation of ettringite, a swell causing mineral, upon the introduction of sulfate to the COPR material via ferrous sulfate or calcium polysulfide. The slow hydration of some COPR minerals caused the pH of the treated COPR to creep upward during the curing period. However, when sufficient acid was added, the pH value was controlled at less than 9.27 for a curing period of 1.5 years, which prevented the formation of ettringite.
Facilitating Collaborative Design: A Review on Design Representations and Workstations

This paper reviews recent developments and persisting challenges in facilitating collaborative engineering design. The review has two foci: 1) design information and representations, and 2) engineering workstations. Recent developments regarding these foci are discussed for their contribution to facilitating collaborative design. The paper concludes with directing attention to current challenges and recommendations for research.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A note on tests of efficient market hypotheses: The case of the forward exchange rate

The purpose of this paper is to show that the definition of market efficiency based on rational expectations presents serious problems for empirical hypothesis testing on data that consist of equally spaced observations. Indeed, one can argue that the efficient market hypothesis is, in a strict sense, immune from empirical falsification for the typical data set. This idea is developed for an application of the efficient market hypothesis to the foreign exchange market, i.e., the notion that the forward exchange rate is an unbiased and efficient predictor of future spot exchange rates.
Daughters from daughterless mothers — Rescuing a female-lethal maternal effect by cytoplasmic transplantation inDrosophila embryos

Daughterless is a temperature-sensitive, maternal effect mutation ofDrosophila melanogaster. Homozygousdaughterless females raised at temperatures above 22°C do not produce any female progeny. It was possible to rescue these female embryos by injecting cytoplasm from non-mutant unfertilized eggs into embryos fromdaughterless mothers. Cytoplasm from unfertilized eggs laid by homozygousdaughterless mothers was ineffective. Surprisingly, the cytoplasm from developing embryos with either wild-type ordaughterless mothers could also effect rescue. Based upon this data, we suggest that male and female embryos ofdaughterless mothers differ in their ability to initiate the synthesis of a product during the nuclear multiplication (cleavage) stage of embroniic development in the absence of a putativeda+ maternally-synthesized factor, and that this is the basis for the sex-specific action of theda maternal effect.
A Rogue Earthquake Off Sumatra

A magnitude 8.6 strike-slip earthquake within an oceanic plate raises fundamental questions about earthquake physics.
A note on the scattering of elastic plane waves by a hemispherical canyon

Abstract The three-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane waves by a hemispherical canyon in the homogeneous elastic half-space has been analyzed. Using the series solution for a general angle of wave incidence, ground motion near the canyon has been studied. The nature of ground motion has been found to depend on three key parameters: 1. (1) γ, the angle of incidence, 2. (2) ν, a dimensionless frequency of wave number proportional to the ratio of the diameter of the canyon to wavelength of the incident P-wave, and 3. (3) κ, the ratio of longitudinal to transverse wave speeds. The displacement amplitudes and phases on nearby ground surface show significant departure from the uniform half-space motions. The angle of incidence γ determines the overall trends of motion amplitudes. For oblique incidence, for example, considerable amplification is observed in front of the canyon, and a prominent shadow zone is relaized behind the canyon.
Lipid reserves and body composition in postreproductive anurans

Abstract 1. 1. The mass of lipid extracted from 13 species of adult anurans collected immediately after reproduction differed between sexes. 2. 2. Covariance analyses of lipid mass with body mass as the covariate indicated that females had significantly more lipid than males; the proportion of lipid as a percentage of body mass was correlated significantly with water content of males, but was not correlated significantly in females. 3. 3. Heat of combustion of extracted lipid increased among species in relation to the timing of reproduction; species that bred later in the year had a greater energy content per gram of lipid. 4. 4. Major changes in composition during growth and metamorphosis of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), include increases in lipid and energy content per gram of tissue interrupted by a severe decline of lipid reserve during metamorphosis.
Integration of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in the Cardiovascular Intensive Unit Formation of a Multidisciplinary Approach on the Path to Building a High-Reliability Organization

Background. In 2006, the Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute significantly expanded its clinical operations, in part through the acquisition of cardiology, cardiac surgical, and vascular surgic...