cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Survey of the Liverworts from Colorado's Comanche National Grassland

This checklist documents liverworts found in the Comanche National Grassland of Colorado with the intention of enriching our understanding of bryophyte biodiversity in Colorado as well as the high plains region. The study area sits beside the Purgatoire Watershed in southeastern Colorado, which lies between the Chihuahuan Desert and the Rocky Mountains ecosystems. Specimens from the grasslands were collected, reviewed and accessioned. These records add to our understanding of bryophyte biodiversity in Colorado and facilitate comparisons of species distributions through time. Eight species of liverworts were found: Aneura pinguis (Aneuraceae), Mannia californica, Mannia fragrans, Plagiochasma rupestre, P. wrightii, Reboulia hemisphaerica (Aytoniaceae), Frullania riparia (Frullaniaceae), and Riccia atromarginata (Ricciaceae). Mannia californica and Riccia atromarginata are newly documented for Colorado. The distributions, morphological characters and phylogenetic affinities of both these species are discussed.
Neutron crystallographic studies of carbonic anhydrase

Abstract The carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3−). Since their discovery in 1933, CAs have been at the forefront of scientific discovery: the understanding of enzymatic reactions, structural biology, molecular dynamics, drug discovery, and clinical medicine. These ubiquitous enzymes equilibrate the reaction between CO2, HCO3−, and protons. Hence, CAs have important roles in ion transport, acid–base regulation, gas exchange, photosynthesis, and CO2 fixation. In this chapter, we describe the protocols leading to, and the analysis of CA neutron crystal structures. This accumulation of structural knowledge adds to our understanding of the enzymatic mechanism and development of CA inhibitors.
Genetics of synucleins in neurodegenerative diseases

The SNCA locus currently has an indisputable role in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. The role of genetic variability in the other members of the synuclein family (SNCB and SNCG) in disease is far less clear. In this review, we critically assess the pathogenicity, main characteristics, and roles of genetic variants in these genes reported to be causative of synucleinopathies. We also summarize the different association signals identified in the SNCA locus that have been associated with risk for disease. We take a bird's eye view of the variability currently reported in the general population for the three genes and use these data to infer on the potential relationship between each of the genes and human disease.
Self-reported driving after marijuana use in association with medical and recreational marijuana policies

Abstract Background A common concern surrounding increasingly permissive marijuana policies in the US is that they will lead to more dangerous behavior, including driving after marijuana use. Although there is considerable research on the effects of marijuana policies on behaviours, few studies have examined self-reported driving after marijuana use. In this study, we use data from the Traffic Safety Culture Index (TSCI) to model self-reported past-year driving after marijuana use in association with medical and recreational marijuana policies. Methods We analysed individual responses to annual administrations of TSCI from years 2013–2017 using a multiple logistic regression model. Our outcome variable was self-reported past-year driving after marijuana use (at least once vs. never), and our primary explanatory variable was the respondents’ state medical marijuana (MM) and recreational marijuana (RM) policy. Additional explanatory variables include policies that specify thresholds for marijuana-intoxicated driving, year, and demographic factors. Results Drivers in states that legalized MM but not RM had marginally higher odds of self-reporting driving after marijuana use compared to drivers in states where both RM and MM were illegal (adjusted OR 1.29; 95% CI 0.98, 1.70; p = 0.075). However, we found little evidence that drivers in states that legalized both RM and MM had higher odds of driving after marijuana use compared to drivers in states where both RM and MM were illegal (adjusted OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.71, 1.56; p = 0.784). Per-se or THC threshold laws were associated with lower self-reported driving after marijuana use (adjusted OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57, 0.95; p = 0.018). Conclusion Although we found some evidence of an association between MM legalization and self-reported driving after marijuana use, our results provide only mixed support for the hypothesis that permissive marijuana policies are associated with higher odds of self-reported driving after marijuana use.
The Personal Factor in Psychotechnics and Practical Psychology

This chapter presents my translation of a text published by William Stern in 1933 in the German language Journal of Applied Psychology. Stern highlights in this text the need to distinguish between the ‘transpersonal’ objectives that are of primary concern to psychotechnicians seeking to optimize outcomes for organizations, and the genuinely personal concerns that are primary to occupational counselors seeking to direct individuals toward occupations for which their specific characteristics and life circumstances best suit them. Stern is specifically critical of the ‘harmony argument,’ according to which it is contended that recommendations formulated out of consideration for transpersonal objectives will by default also optimize personal objectives. As in other works bearing on psychological testing and psychotechnics, Stern emphasizes the need to incorporate qualitative methods.
Pediatric Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis

Pediatric bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) is a rare but impactful diagnosis. Stridor and respiratory distress are common presenting symptoms, often requiring airway intervention. Historically, tracheostomy has been the mainstay of management of BVFP in children, but alternative interventions have more recently been described in an attempt to avoid or minimize the morbidity associated with pediatric tracheostomy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge surrounding etiology, workup, and management options for children with bilateral vocal fold immobility. The past several years have seen an increase in the understanding of, and range of, surgical options for pediatric patients with BVFP. Early studies have demonstrated that endoscopic interventions, including anterior-posterior cricoid split and suture lateralization, may be effective means of airway management in this population. Further studies are needed on the topic, but alternative surgical techniques may aid in reducing the frequency of tracheostomy for pediatric patients with BVFP.
Need for Awareness and Training in Women's Gastrointestinal Health: A Call to Action

Women's gastrointestinal (GI) health is a topic that is not well understood nor taught in most training programs. In this article, we highlight the importance of proper training in women's GI healt...
Nanomaterial Databases: Data Sources for Promoting Design and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials have drawn increasing attention due to their tunable and enhanced physicochemical and biological performance compared to their conventional bulk materials. Owing to the rapid expansion of the nano-industry, large amounts of data regarding the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and bioactivities of nanomaterials have been generated. These data are a great asset to the scientific community. However, the data are on diverse aspects of nanomaterials and in different sources and formats. To help utilize these data, various databases on specific information of nanomaterials such as physicochemical characterization, biomedicine, and nano-safety have been developed and made available online. Understanding the structure, function, and available data in these databases is needed for scientists to select appropriate databases and retrieve specific information for research on nanomaterials. However, to our knowledge, there is no study to systematically compare these databases to facilitate their utilization in the field of nanomaterials. Therefore, we reviewed and compared eight widely used databases of nanomaterials, aiming to provide the nanoscience community with valuable information about the specific content and function of these databases. We also discuss the pros and cons of these databases, thus enabling more efficient and convenient utilization.
Levothyroxine Use in the United States, 2008-2018.

Levothyroxine is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the US, with approximately 7% of the population estimated to have an active prescription.1,2 For nonpregnant adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (thyrotropin level elevated but ≤10 mIU/L and normal free thyroxine [FT4] levels), evidence consistently demonstrates no clinically relevant benefits of levothyroxine replacement for quality of life or thyroid-related symptoms.3,4 To better understand the use of levothyroxine in the US over time, we analyzed national data for commercially insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees. Identify all potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to your comment. Conflicts of interest comprise financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including but not limited to employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speaker's bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. Err on the side of full disclosure. If you have no conflicts of interest, check "No potential conflicts of interest" in the box below. The information will be posted with your response. Not all submitted comments are published. Please see our commenting policy for details.
How to Sequence Therapies in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders. Historically, there has been a lack of pathobiological understanding of PTCL. With the exception of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, patients with PTCL have less favorable outcomes, with most patients relapsing shortly after conventional anthracycline-containing multi-agent chemotherapy. The standard management approach for PTCL involves induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL have dismal outcomes and limited treatment options despite the available novel agents, therefore remaining a critical unmet need. By virtue of advancement in cancer biology over the recent years, the treatment landscape of PTCL has gradually evolved from conventional chemotherapy based on solely morphological diagnosis toward more individualized therapies by integrating molecular attributes of PTCL to the traditional treatment paradigm. We are at the edge of witnessing a paradigm shift in PTCL management.
Postbuckling Analysis of Shear Deformable Composite Flat Panels Taking Into Account Geometrical Imperfections

The effects of initial geometrical imperfections on the postbuckling response of flat laminated composite panels to uniaxial and biaxial compressive loading are investigated analytically. The derivation of the mathematical model on the basis of first-order transverse shear deformation theory is outlined, and numerical results for perfect and imperfect, single-layer and three-layer square plates with free-free, clamped-clamped, or free-clamped edges are presented in graphs and briefly characterized. The present approach is shown to be more accurate than analyses based on the classical Kirchhoff plate model.
Clinical Outcomes and Histological Patterns in Oxalate Nephropathy due to Enteric and Nonenteric Risk Factors.

Introduction Current knowledge of risk factors and renal histologic patterns of oxalate nephropathy (ON) not due to primary hyperoxaluria (PH) has been limited to small case series and case reports. Thus, we analyzed and compared clinical risk factors, histologic characteristics, and renal outcomes of patients with biopsy-confirmed ON among a cohort of patients with enteric and nonenteric risk factors. Methods A clinical data repository of native kidney pathology reports from 2009 to 2020 at all Mayo Clinic sites was used to identify 421 ON cases. Results After excluding cases in transplanted kidneys or due to PH, 64 cases remained. Enteric risk factors were present in 30 and nonenteric in 34. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (17) and pancreatic insufficiency (6) were most common in the enteric hyperoxaluria group. In the nonenteric group, vitamin C (7) and dietary oxalate (7) were common, while no apparent risk was noted in 16. Acute kidney injury (AKI) stage III at the time of diagnosis was present in 60%, and 40.6% required dialysis. Patients in the nonenteric group had more interstitial inflammation (p = 0.01), and a greater number of tubules contained intratubular calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals (p = 0.001) than the nonenteric group. Patients in the enteric group were more likely to have baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.02) and moderate-to-severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis and atrophy (IFTA) (OR 3.49, p = 0.02). After a median follow-up of 10 months, 39% were dialysis dependent, 11% received a kidney transplant, and 32% died. On univariate analysis, >10 tubules with CaOx crystals, baseline CKD, and AKI requiring dialysis correlated with the risk of dialysis, transplant, or death. On multivariate analysis, only AKI requiring dialysis correlated with adverse renal outcomes. Conclusion This is the largest cohort study of ON not due to PH. Histologic features differ in patients with enteric versus nonenteric risks. Patients in the enteric group are more likely to have baseline CKD and significant IFTA, while patients in the nonenteric group were more likely to have a greater number of tubules with CaOx crystals and corresponding interstitial inflammation. AKI requiring dialysis at the time of diagnosis was the single most significant predictor of adverse renal outcome.
Hurricane Mitigation Efforts at the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency

The U.S. government began funding to address the hurricane peril only in the late 1970s by providing limited resources to develop evacuation studies. These studies serve as planning and implementation tools for the emergency management community and play a major role in reducing injuries and loss of life. During this same period, however, property damages and the social and economic costs of hurricanes have escalated. Not until recently has the Federal government begun to commit resources to reduce these losses. The National Mitigation Strategy published by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1995 calls for a reduction of all losses caused by natural hazards within 15 years. To support this goal, FEMA is developing a risk assessment/loss estimation methodology that will provide a consistent means of estimating disaster losses and will identify needs and opportunities for specific measures to reduce those losses. We anticipate that the methodology will contribute to a greater public awareness and understanding of hurricane storm losses, and that what we learn will challenge us to think more creatively about how to meet the goals of the National Mitigation Strategy.
Introduction to Skinner-Urban’s Work on the Iwasawa Main Conjecture for GL 2

These notes are an introduction to the recent work of Christopher Skinner and Eric Urban (2010) proving (one divisibility of) the Iwasawa main conjecture for \(\mathrm{GL}_{2}/\mathbb{Q}\) (see Theorem 1). We give the necessary background materials and explain the proofs. We focus on the main ideas instead of the details and therefore will sometimes be brief and even imprecise.
Suppression of the Intestinal Flora in Man by Means of Mixtures of Poorly Absorbed Antibiotics

Summary Mixtures of polymyxin with either neomycin or bacitracin have been shown to suppress effectively the intestinal flora in a series of fourteen patients, with the administration of these drugs by mouth. In the doses used the drugs were poorly, if at all, absorbed from the intestine and no measurable blood levels resulted. Such mixtures are considered safe and practical for pre-operative "sterilization" of the bowel, reserving systemic antimicrobial agents for the treatment of suspected or established infection. Other areas of possible usefulness of non-absorbable antibiotic mixtures are discussed.
Prinzmetal angina. Multifocal ischemia, recurrent AV block, and bradycardia with patent coronary arteries responsive to verapamil.

Abstract Coronary vasospasm may results in recurrent angina pectoris and cause acute myocardial infarction. The extent to which the “sudden death syndrome” occurs is unknown. The case described herein is unique in that the clinical features, including hypotension, AV block, and ventricular arrhythmias, were similar to those seen in myocardial infarction with a poor prognosis, yet infarction was not documented. In subsequent, long-term follow-up evaluation, chest pain has been recurrent, but despite close observation, no further major cardiac complications have been documented. Long-term use of verapamil has contributed to better control of clinical symptomatology.
Role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the alterations of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and the implications of growth, proliferation, and apoptosis phenotypes attributable to the altered function of this family of phosphatases in cancer. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are complex enzymatic reactions that are performed by the concerted action of protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively. Deregulation of such coordination due to the loss or gain of a single component of the process can result in disease conditions that include, but are not limited to, neoplastic transformation, developmental, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders. Unlike many protein tyrosine kinases that function as oncoproteins, PTPs could impart positive or negative effect on cell proliferation. The potential applications of different therapeutic approaches to rectify the adverse effects of alterations in expression of the phosphatase genes and of the phosphatase activity in cancer are described in the chapter.
How Do Teachers Support Students' Motivation and Learning in Their Classrooms?.

Background/ContextDespite the importance of students’ active engagement for learning, little is known about how teachers create environments that are supportive of students’ positive motivational a...
Organization of Invertebrate Motor Systems

The sections in this article are: 1 Properties of Muscle 1.1 Anatomic Organization 1.2 Contraction Speed 1.3 Strength and Extent of Contraction 1.4 Thresholds for Excitation-Contraction Coupling 1.5 Correlations with Innervation 1.6 Dependence of Tension on Recent History 2 Motor Neurons and the Motor Unit 2.1 Motor Neuron Morphology 2.2 Correlations Between Motor Neuron Morphology and Function 2.3 Neuromuscular Transmission 2.4 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 2.5 Peripheral Motor Unit Organization 2.6 Matching of Central and Peripheral Properties 2.7 Ontogeny and Regeneration 3 Reflex Organization 3.1 Proprioceptive Reflexes 3.2 Exteroreceptive Reflexes 3.3 Righting Reflexes 3.4 Optomotor Reflexes 3.5 Control of Reflex Excitability 4 Central Organization of Motor Systems 4.1 Structure of Motor Programs 4.2 Storage of Motor Programs 4.3 Release of Motor Programs by Command Elements 4.4 Central Versus Peripheral Control of Motor Output 4.5 Development of Pattern-Generating Networks 4.6 Complex Behavioral Phenomena 5 Conclusion
Toward a computational immigration assistant

In the face of global change and impending limits on various resources, the need for people to move across borders is likely to increase. Facilitating mobility could enable people to access resources more effectively, and thereby reduce suffering for both humans and other species. This paper proposes the need for computational support to facilitate immigration decisions across a range of scales, from the individual to the community to the national government. Drawing inspiration from global systems modeling, social networking, and collaborative filtering, these computational tools would help match up individuals and communities seeking to emigrate with potential host countries, based on the preferences of both.
Latin American Legislative Politics: A Survey of Peer-Reviewed Publications in English

This study discusses basic trends in articles on legislative politics in Latin America published in twelve journals between 2000 and 2010. It examines the distribution of the articles over time and by journal, the authors’ institutional affiliations and patterns of collaboration, the frequency with which various countries are studied, and common approaches and topics. The articles in this set are all peer-reviewed and published in English.
Verification testing of the superfluid helium on-orbit transfer (SHOOT) experiment☆☆☆

Abstract The Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) project is a secondary shuttle crossbay payload which flew on the STS-57/Endeavour mission. It was designed to develop and demonstrate the technologies required to resupply liquid helium containers in space, and to develop new technologies that may be used in other future space cryogenic systems. The SHOOT payload consists of two superfluid helium Dewars with helium management cryostats connected by a transfer line, and six avionics boxes for valve and heater control, temperature, pressure and fluid position monitoring and data processing and telemetry. The cryostats contain numerous specialized helium management components; including high and low flow phase separators, liquid/vapour discriminators, flowmeters, liquid level detectors, cryogenic mechanical valves and cryogenic relief valves and burst discs, and two varieties of fluid acquisition systems. To prepare the SHOOT payload for launch a series of functional, structural, thermal and reliability tests were conducted at every level of hardware assembly, from materials tests to system level thermal, structural and functional performance tests. We present here the verification tests and analyses developed and completed at each level of assembly. We discuss the trade-offs considered for, and the success (or failure) of, models and analyses to predict performance results. Finally, we present some lessons learned of potential interest to future cryogenic missions, whether on the Space Shuttle or on expendable launch vehicles.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Cytoarchitecture of Areas 10 and 44 in Schizophrenia

In 15 individuals without neurological findings (9 men, 6 women) and 12 schizophrenia (SCH) patients (5 men, 7 women) Brodmann's areas 10 and 44 have been studied in serial Nissl stained sections. Mean age of the control group is 57±3 years, and 61±4 years in SCH group. All observations are similar with respect to cause of death and postmortem interval (from 3 to 10 hours). The method of automatic morphometry of cortical structure has been developed for texture analysis system TAS (Leitz, Germany). The algorithms of mathematical morphology have been implemented for image processing. Automation provided the possibility to measure the neuronal parameters in total specimen area from 60 to 120 mm2 in each case. Tissue samples have been collected and measured in former All Union Center of Mental Health, Moscow, Russia, in 1980-1989. The profiles characterizing distribution patterns of cellular area fraction (VA), numeric density (NA), and mean cells profile area (SA) from the pia to the white matter have been registered for every individual. Averaged profiles of stereological parameters characterizing SCH and control groups have been analyzed. Statistically significant 20% increase of NA and 15% decrease of SA have been found. The regions of the cortical traverse primary involved are the zone of layers IIIC-V in area 10 and II-IIIA in area 44. No significant correlation of age or gender with any parameter of structure has been found. The differences observed are consistent with data recently reported in cortical areas 9 and 46 (L.D. Selemon, G. Rajkowska, P.S. Goldman-Rakic, 1994) for similar group of patients. They could indicate widespread decrease of the volume of neuropile in frontal lobe of SCH patients and probable differential involvement of some layers in different areas.
The effect of fiber-matrix stress transfer on the strength of fiber-reinforced composite materials

A model for the mechanism of tensile failure in oriented fiber composites based on random fragmentation of the reinforcing fibers biased by stress concentrations at fracture sites has been developed. Single-fiber composites and composite strands of 34 to 36 volume percent fiber were prepared from an epoxy resin reinforced with Hercules AS4, HMS4, and IM6G carbon fibers. Fiber strength distributions and single-fiber composite fragmentation data were used to calculate theoretical composite tensile strengths, which were then compared with experimental values. The fractures in single-fiber composites were observed in situ under cross-polarized light, and the mechanisms of interfacial failure were discussed.
Forward and backward propagation in positive and negative index materials

Forward and backward propagation can both be modeled in terms ofWigner distributions or alternatively in terms of spatial frequency transfer functions. We use both formalisms to show that, for non-evanescent waves, forward propagation in a negative index material is equivalent to backward propagation in a positive index medium. We consider the implications of this fact for several specific problems, including imaging 3D objects, imaging through thin phase screens, Fresnel holography, and speckle.
The Effect of Gender and Self-Care Behaviors on Counselors' Perceptions of Colleagues with Depression.

This study examined the effects of gender and self-care behaviors on counselors' perceptions of depressed colleagues. Three hundred and six respondents completed 1 of 8 versions of vignettes describing either a male or female counselor responding to his or her depressive symptoms through the use of antidepressants, counseling, alternative therapies, or no course of action. Target counselors who took antidepressants were perceived as more competent than counselors who practiced holistic measures and those who chose no course of action. Target counselors who sought personal counseling were perceived as more ethical than those choosing no course of action.
An Entrepreneurial Application Systematic Innovation

(1988). An Entrepreneurial Application Systematic Innovation. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 59, No. 8, pp. 35-38.
Real Gas Computation Using an Energy Relaxation Method and High-Order WENO Schemes

In this paper, we use a recently developed energy relaxation theory by Coquel and Perthame and high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes to simulate the Euler equations of real gas. The main idea is an energy decomposition into two parts: one part is associated with a simpler pressure law and the other part (the nonlinear deviation) is convected with the flow. A relaxation process is performed for each time step to ensure that the original pressure law is satisfied. The necessary characteristic decomposition for the high order WENO schemes is performed on the characteristic fields based on the first part. The algorithm only calls for the original pressure law once per grid point per time step, without the need to compute its derivatives or any Riemann solvers. Both one and two dimensional numerical examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Immunologic relatedness of extracellular ligninases from the actinomycetes Streptomyces viridosporus T7A and Streptomyces badius 252.

Four isoforms of the extracellular lignin peroxidase of the ligninolytic actinomyceteStreptomyces viridosporus T7A (ALip-P1, P2, P3, and P4) were individually purified by ultrafiltration and ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by electro-elution using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of the purified peroxidases were compared for their immunologic relatedness by Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody preparation produced in rabbits against pure isoform P3. The anti-P3 antibody was also tested for its reactivity towards a lignin peroxidase from the white-rot fungusPhanerochaete chrysosporium and another ligninolytic actinomyceteStreptomyces badius 252. Results showed that peroxidases ALip-P1 through ALip-P3 are immunologically related to one another. The peroxidases ofS. badius, but not the peroxidase ofP. chrysosporium, also reacted with the antibody, thus indicating that the lignin peroxidases ofS. viridosporus andS. badius are immunologically related. Based upon its specific affinity, lignin peroxidase isoform ALip-P3 ofS. viridosporus was readily purified using an anti-P3 antibody affinity column.
Human herpesvirus 6.

Human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 is a β-herpes, DNA virus. This virus shows closest homology with cytomegalovirus and HHV-7. Infection usually occurs in infants 6 to 24 months of age, and primary infection may result in roseola. HHV-6 infection in infants is the commonest cause of fever-induced seizures. Infection in adults is seen primarily in immunocompromised hosts with solid organ transplants or in those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The virus is capable of pronounced interaction in vitro with cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus and induces immunosuppression and apoptosis. The importance of these interactions in vivo necessitates further investigation. HHV-6 infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. HHV-6 may be diagnosed by viral culture, serology, or polymerase chain reaction.
Developing Sustainable Strategies: Foundations, Method, and Pedagogy

While the United Nations Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME) are a very positive development in the horizon of management education over the last decade, there are still many significant challenges for engaging the mind of the manager in ways that will foster the values of PRME and the UN Global Compact. Responsible management education must address three foundational challenges in business education if it is to actualize the aspirations of PRME: (1) it must confront the cognitional myth that knowing is like looking, (2) it must move beyond mere analysis to systems thinking, and (3) it must transition from a values-neutral stance to a values-driven stance. Using Developing Sustainable Strategies, an MBA practicum in the Sustainable Management Concentration at DePaul University’s Kellstadt Graduate School of Business as a case study, this article identifies the ways in which Pragmatic Inquiry can address these challenges. The method of Pragmatic Inquiry prepares students to become responsible managers, to develop sustainable strategies, and to be creators of shared value. Built from the philosophical foundations of American pragmatism and Bernard Lonergan’s critical realism, Pragmatic Inquiry is an effective method and pedagogy for responsible management education.
Differences Between Management Philosophies Among American and Chinese Hotel Managers: A Cultural Comparison Between Las Vegas and Shanghai

The purpose of this study was to measure the cultural differences between Chinese and U.S. hospitality managers' management philosophies, using a survey adopted from Hofstede (2001) and Baird, Lyles, and Wharton (1990). Fourteen individual items related to management philosophies showed significant differences between American and Chinese managers. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the three factors (personal management philosophies, behavior of ideal supervisor, and ideal management philosophies) developed by Baird et al. (1990) are indeed valid for this sample. Discriminant function analysis showed that these three factors are statistically significant in differentiating between the Chinese and U.S. managers. These findings underscore the importance of proper development of effective training programs and management policies for hotel chains that operate on an international scale.
Inhibitory effects of glutathione level-raising agents and D-α-tocopherol on ornithine decarboxylase induction and mouse skin tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

The constituent amino acids of reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH itself, and D-alpha-tocopherol inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) activity in mouse epidermis in vivo and in vitro. The inhibitory effects of cysteine (Cys), GSH and D-alpha-tocopherol on ODC induction were proportional to their abilities to decrease the incidence of skin tumors in the initiation-promotion protocol. Moreover, the ability of the constituent amino acids of GSH and GSH to inhibit TPA-induced ODC activity correlated well with their ability to increase the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in isolated epidermal cells. In vitro, various treatments with 1 mM GSH, 1 mM glutamic acid (Glu), 1 mM glycine (Gly), 0.4 mM Cys and/or 0.2 mM cystine (CysCys) inhibited dramatically the sharp decline in the intracellular ratio of GSH/GSSG caused by 0.1 microM TPA. Since the inhibitory effects of Cys on both the decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the induction of ODC activity by TPA were greatly reduced by the inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, it is suggested that some of the inhibitory effects of Glu, Cys and Gly on tumor promotion could result from their interference with the metabolism of the tripeptide GSH, a natural antioxidant which inhibits chemical carcinogenesis. The free radical scavenger D-alpha-tocopherol, which did not alter directly the intracellular ratio of GSH/GSSG, also prevented completely the decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG caused by TPA. These results, therefore, suggest that GSH level-raising agents and other antioxidants might inhibit by diverse means the effects of TPA on GSH metabolism and skin tumor promotion.
Delay in diagnosis and treatment of blunt intestinal injury does not adversely affect prognosis in the pediatric trauma patient.

Abstract Background Blunt intestinal injury (BII) requiring surgical intervention in the pediatric trauma population remains difficult to diagnose. We sought to determine whether delay in treatment had an adverse affect on patient outcome. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective chart review using the American Pediatric Surgical Association Committee on Trauma was initiated after Institutional Review Board approval was obtained at each of the 18 institutions. All children younger than 15 years diagnosed with a BII were identified, and only those with BII noted during surgery or autopsy from January 2002 through December 2007 were included. The data form was designed and approved before chart review, and all data were combined into one database. Results Three hundred fifty-eight patients were accrued into the study. Two hundred fourteen patients had sufficient data to determine the interval between injury and operation. These were divided into 4 groups ( 24 hours) based on time from injury to intervention. Early and late complications, as well as hospital days, were compared in each group. There were 3 deaths from an abdominal source in the less-than-6-hour group and 2 in the 6-to-12-hour group. Injury Severity Score was significantly greater in the less-than-6-hour intervention group. There was no correlation between time to surgery and complication rate, nor was there a significant increase in hospital days. Conclusions These data suggest that delay in operative intervention does not have a significant effect on prognosis after pediatric BII. Appropriate observation and serial examination rather than repeated computed tomography and/or urgent exploration would appear adequate when the diagnosis is in question.
Thermal conductivities and Raman spectra of boron-doped carbon materials

Abstract Boron-doped carbons were prepared at temperatures from 1000 to 2800°C. The effect of boron doping on the thermal conductivity of carbons has been studied and discussed with the results from Raman scattering. Boron doping above 2200°C depressed the thermal conductivity of carbons and increased the intensity of the 1360-cm −1 Raman band. It appeared that lowering the thermal conductivity is mainly caused by a distortion of the graphite lattice due to boron doping.
Electronic structure and properties of strained polymers: 1. Methods for polyethylene

Abstract The modulus and strain-dependent frequency spectrum of polyethylene have been computed from a cluster of C 6 H 12 units using the semi-empirical AM1 Hamiltonian and unrestricted Hartree—Fock wavefunctions. The computed modulus substantially exceeds experimental values, a result which derives from neglect of electron correlation in the calculations. Good qualitative and quantitive agreement with reported strain-dependent frequencies is found, suggesting that the method describes cubic anharmonicity in the bonding while systematically overestimating components of the Hessian.
DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF MUCILAGE CANALS IN LYCOPODIUM

Two distinct types of mucilage canals are found in Lycopodium. One type, the veinal canal, is found in both sporophylls and in vegetative leaves, and is always in close proximity to the leaf trace. The other, the basal canal, is restricted to the strobilus where it forms a complex and extensive mucilaginous cylinder in the outer cortex and extends into the base of the sporophylls. Protruding secretory cells are formed in both types during a lysigenous developmental process. The occurrence of these two types of canals correlates with the three subgenera. Urostachys which lacks canals, Lepidotis which possesses both veinal and basal canals, and Lycopodium which possesses only basal canals. MUCILAGE CANALS or cavities have been known in the Lycopodiaceae since Hegelmaier (1872) first noted their presence in three species, Lycopodium inundatum, L. alopecuroides, and L. annotinum. He followed development of the canals only in the rhizome of L. inundatum and concluded that it was basically schizogenous. Hill (1906) described development of mucilage canals in the sporophylls of L. clavatum. He discovered a process of lysigenous degeneration which spread from the sporophyll down the cortex almost to the insertion of the next leaf. Unfortunately, Hill did not compare his findings to those of Hegelmaier. Gliick (1895) demonstrated two different canals associated with each sporophyll in the strobilius of L. inundatum. One was restricted to the distal spreading portion of the sporophyll and the other occurred in the base. Furthermore, Gliick showed this basal canal to be confluent with adjacent canals of neighboring sporophylls, thereby forming a continuous mucilage cavity throughout the strobilus. The relationship of these two, canals to those in L. annotinum (Hegelmaier, 1872) was not discussed. Also, Hill (1906) did not compare the situation in L. clavatum to Gluick's study of L. inundatum. With the exception of Gliick's paper (1895),
When history matters: The effect of historical ties on the relationship between institutional distance and shares acquired

Abstract The share of equity foreign acquirers obtain in targets is relevant to important aspects of firm strategy. Drawing on institutional theory, we examine the impact of regulatory institutional distance on foreign investors’ choice of percentage of shares acquired in targets in the transition post-Soviet economies of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In addition, we explore the moderating role of historical ties between the acquirer and target nations on the proposed relationship. Our sample consists of 150 cross-border acquisitions completed between 1999 and 2011 by acquirers from 30 nations. Results show differential effects of different regulatory institutional distance dimensions on the percentage of shares acquired. Furthermore, findings confirm that differences exist in acquirer preferences based on whether their country of origin shares historical ties with the target nation. The study provides new insights into the important role of history to foreign investment decisions.
Calcium release and influx colocalize to the endoplasmic reticulum

Abstract Intracellular Ca 2+ is released from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to the second messenger inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) [1,2]. Then, a poorly understood cellular mechanism, termed capacitative Ca 2+ entry, is activated [3,4]; this permits Ca 2+ to enter cells through Ca 2+ -selective Ca 2+ -release-activated ion channels [5,6] as well as through less selective store-operated channels [7]. The level of stored Ca 2+ is sensed by Ca 2+ -permeant channels in the plasma membrane, but the identity of these channels, and the link between them and Ca 2+ stores, remain unknown. It has been argued that either a diffusible second messenger (Ca 2+ influx factor; CIF) [8] or a physical link [9,10] connects the ER Ca 2+ -release channel and store-operated channels; strong evidence for either mechanism is lacking, however [7,10]. Petersen and Berridge [11] showed that activation of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor in a restricted region of the oocyte membrane results in stimulation of Ca 2+ influx only in that region, and concluded that a diffusible messenger was unlikely. To investigate the relationship between ER stores and Ca 2+ influx, we used centrifugation to redistribute into specific layers the organelles inside intact Xenopus laevis oocytes, and used laser scanning confocal microscopy with the two-photon technique to ‘uncage' InsP 3 while recording intracellular Ca 2+ concentration. Ca 2+ release was localized to the stratified ER layer and Ca 2+ entry to regions of the membrane directly adjacent to this layer. We conclude that Ca 2+ depletion and entry colocalize to the ER and that the mechanism linking Ca 2+ stores to Ca 2+ entry is similarly locally constrained.
A Pilot Study of 2 Brief Forms of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training for Emotion Dysregulation in College Students

AbstractObjective: To examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of 2 abbreviated dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training groups: emotion regulation skills only and emotion regulation with mindfulness skills. Participants: Participants were 24 undergraduates (aged 18–29) with significant emotion dysregulation who participated between February and May of 2010, 2011, and 2012. Methods: Participants participated in 2-hour weekly group sessions for 8 weeks and completed outcome measures at baseline, midtreatment, posttreatment, and 4-week follow-up. Results: Participants in both conditions made significant gains, with large effect sizes, across measures of emotion regulation, affect, skills use, and functioning. There were no differences between the 2 groups, suggesting no additive benefit of mindfulness skills. Conclusions: This pilot study provides support for the acceptability and efficacy of abbreviated DBT skills training in colleges, given significant improvements, positive feedback, and lo...
Soot Formation in Counterflow Ethylene Diffusion Flames from 1 to 2.5 Atmospheres

An experimental investigation has been conducted on the influence of pressure on soot formation in counterflow diffusion flames of nitrogen-diluted ethylene versus air from 1 to 2.5 atm. By measuring the sooting strain rate limits in counterflow flames while maintaining the same flame temperature through argon substitution, the influence of pressure on soot inception/growth is isolated. Results demonstrate that the sooting tendency is enhanced at elevated pressures, with its magnitude being of the same order as that of the fuel dilution effect. The density-weighted strain rate at the sooting limit is found to vary linearly with pressure, and hence suggesting that the overall soot inception/growth reaction is of first order within the pressure range studied. Through numerical simulation of the detailed flame structure, the characteristic dependence of the sooting limit on pressure and fuel concentration is found to be consistent with mass growth processes dominated by the acetylene reactions.
Concerning the question of nonresonant neutron capture in 207 Pb

The presence of the asymmetry seen in the 40.8-keV resonance in the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}(\ensuremath{\gamma},{n}_{0})$ cross section cannot be explained by either the existence of a second nearby resonance or the $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$ contaminant in the sample.
A system for intravascular, radially orientation-independent electromagnetic flow- and diameter-sensing.

The difficulty of optimally orienting an intravascular loop probe of an extracorporeal field electromagnetic flow meter is circumvented by uniting 2 mutually perpendicular loop sensors into a single flow-diameter probe. When one of the loops is unfavorably oriented in the magnetic field, the orientations of the other loop is more favorable. The most unfavorable case is a 45° angle between the magnetic field and the planes of the loops, when the signal drops to 70.7% of the optimal value. By taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the 2 loop transducer signals, one obtains an output for flow and diameter measurements which is independent of the probe orientation. This operation can be accomplished electronically.
Multiview radial catadioptric imaging for scene capture

In this paper, we present a class of imaging systems, called radial imaging systems, that capture a scene from a large number of view-points within a single image, using a camera and a curved mirror. These systems can recover scene properties such as geometry, reflectance, and texture. We derive analytic expressions that describe the properties of a complete family of radial imaging systems, including their loci of viewpoints, fields of view, and resolution characteristics. We have built radial imaging systems that, from a single image, recover the frontal 3D structure of an object, generate the complete texture map of a convex object, and estimate the parameters of an analytic BRDF model for an isotropic material. In addition, one of our systems can recover the complete geometry of a convex object by capturing only two images. These results show that radial imaging systems are simple, effective, and convenient devices for a wide range of applications in computer graphics and computer vision.
Identification of sex pheromone of bristly cutworm,Lacinipolia renigera (Stephens).

The sex pheromone of the bristly cutworm moth,Lacinipolia renigera was identified as a blend of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (itZ9–14): Ac and (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZE-9,12–14: Ac). Extracts of female glands were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography on three columns of different polarities. In each analysis, peaks with retention times identical to Z9–14:Ac andZE–9, 12–14: Ac were observed. GC-MS analysis of gland extracts supported the identification of these two compounds. Volatiles emitted from female sex pheromone glands during 10-min collection periods contained 7.8 ±2.01 ng ofZ9- 14: Ac. On average the blend contained 3.8 ± 1.43%ZE-9,12–14: Ac. Blends ranging from 1% to 10%ZE- 9,12–14: Ac in Z9-14: Ac (1 mg) were effective in capturing males in the field. The number of males captured in traps baited with a 3 % blend ofZE- 9,12-14: Ac in Z9-14: Ac was not significantly different than the number caught in traps containing two virgin females.