cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polarization induced Z2 and Chern topological phases in a periodically driving field.

Z2 and Chern topological phases such as newly discovered quantum spin Hall and original quantum Hall states hardly both co–exist in a single material due to their contradictory requirement on the time–reversal symmetry (TRS). We show that although the TRS is broken in systems with a periodically driving field, an effective TRS can still be defined provided the ac–field is linearly polarized or certain other conditions are satisfied. The controllable TRS provides us a route to manipulate contradictory phases by tuning the polarization. To demonstrate the idea, we consider a tight-binding model that is relevant to several monolayered materials as a benchmark system. Our calculation shows not only topological Z2 to Chern phase transition occurs but rich Chern phases are also observed. In addition, we also discussed the realization of our proposal in real materials, such as spin-orbit coupled graphene and crystal Bismuth. This opens the possibility of manipulating various topological phases in a single material and can be a promising approach to engineer new electronic states of matter.
Bioidentical Oral 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause.

ObjectiveTo review the efficacy, safety, and available literature regarding the novel combination bioidentical product Bijuva, or 17β-estradiol/progesterone (17β-E/P), for the treatment of moderate...
A Legal View of Excessive Product Consumption

Marketing efforts designed to promote increased product consumption by encouraging consumers to use more of the product per occasion may cause consumers to use products beyond a safe limit. When courts find that such overuse is foreseeable by the marketer, a person who incurs injuries resulting from this overuse can often recover damages from the marketer. This paper identifies different categories of product overuse and reviews the relevant case law regarding their product liability implications. Actions of both marketers and consumers are considered. The final section presents some recommendations that marketers can follow in order to reduce their product liability exposure.
Counseling Older Adults, by John Blando

For educators, students, and counselors interested in the special needs of the older adult, John Blando's book Counseling Older Adults fills a gap in literature and resource material that has been ...
High-resolution detection of five frequencies in a single 3D spectrum: HNHCACO - a bidirectional coherence transfer experiment

A new triple-resonance pulse sequence, 3D HNHCACO, is introduced and discussed, which identifies sequential correlations of the backbone nuclei (Hα(i-1), Cα(i-1), C′(i-1), NH(i)) of doubly labeled proteins in H2O. The three-dimensional (3D) method utilizes a recording of 15N and 13C resonances in a single indirect time domain, the 13C′ resonance in another indirect time domain, and detects both NH and Hα protons. A bidirectional coherence transfer (NH(i) ↮ N(i) ↮ C′(i-1) ↮ Cα(i-1) ↮ Hα(i-1)) is effectuated, resulting in a single high-resolution 3D spectrum that contains the frequencies of all five backbone nuclei. The experiment was applied to the 12.3 kDa ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedius (Binase).
Comparison of new conditional value‐at‐risk‐based management models for optimal allocation of uncertain water supplies

[1] The paper studies the effect of incorporating the conditional value-at-risk (CVaRα) in analyzing a water allocation problem versus using the frequently used expected value, two-stage modeling, scenario analysis, and linear optimization tools. Five models are developed to examine water resource allocation when available supplies are uncertain: (1) a deterministic expected value model, (2) a scenario analysis model, (3) a two-stage stochastic model with recourse, (4) a CVaRα objective function model, and (5) a CVaRα constraint model. The models are applied over a region of east central Florida. Results show the deterministic expected value model underestimates system costs and water shortage. Furthermore, the expected value model produces identical cost estimates for different standard deviations distributions of water supplies with identical mean. From the scenario analysis model it is again demonstrated that the expected value of results taken from many scenarios underestimates costs and water shortages. Using a two-stage stochastic mixed integer formulation with recourse permits an improved representation of uncertainties and real-life decision making which in turn predicts higher costs. The inclusion of CVaRα objective function in the latter provides for the optimization and control of high-risk events. Minimizing CVaRα does not, however, permit control of lower-risk events. Constraining CVaRα while minimizing cost, on the other hand, allows for the control of high-risk events while minimizing the costs of all events. Results show CVaRα exhibits continuous and consistent behavior with respect to the confidence level α, when compared to value-at-risk (VaRα).
The Analogous Counterinsurgent: Afghanistan in Comparative Perspective

The Obama administration decided in December of 2009 to commit 30,000 additional troops to the war in Afghanistan. The decision was apparently inspired to some extent by the apparent success of the surge (and COIN) strategy in the war in Iraq adopted in 2007. Foreign policy decision makers seem with some regularity to base decisions in important part on historical precedents and analogies.An examination of processes within both the Bush and the Obama administrations for dealing with economic policy decisions, on the one hand, and for addressing foreign policy issues, on the other, suggests that economists play a more prominent role in those processes addressing economic issues (such as arose during the financial crisis of 2008 and the Great Recession in 2009), than political scientists do when important foreign policy issues (such as the possible “surges” in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan) arise.It is difficult at best to argue persuasively that foreign policy decisions would be more prudent and successful if political scientists were given more prominent roles in decision making processes. However, since most foreign policy decisions are based in important part on information and data regarding precedents and allegedly analogous cases, it is possible to develop a logical argument that analysis of that information and those data is consistently a crucial step in the formation of successful foreign policies. If political scientists were given roles in foreign policy making processes more similar to those assigned to economists in policy making processes addressed to economic issues, they might provide policy makers better informed, more coherent, penetrating, and perceptive analyses of information and data pertaining to historical precedents and prior cases. One possibly helpful step toward providing political scientists a more prominent role in future foreign policy making processes would involve the appointment of political scientists as National Security Advisors.
Perturbation solution for stress-induced fluid flow within anisotropic nonhomogeneous osteons

Stress-induced fluid flow within individual osteons is modeled using a perturbation technique. In contrast to earlier models, the first order solution shows that flow within the mineralized matrix can occur in the longitudinal direction, suggesting a possible non-canalicular osteocytic nutrient supply route. The model also suggests that stress-induced streaming potentials within osteons arise in part due to anisotropic permeability. >
Stability of Valproate Sodium Syrup in Various Unit Dose Containers

The stability of valproate sodium syrup repackaged in three types of unit dose containers was studied. Two-millimeter samples of commercial valproate sodium syrup 250 mg/5 ml (of valproic acid) were packaged in polypropylene oral syringes, glass oral syringes, and glass vials (126 of each type). These were stored at 4, 25, or 60 degrees C and assayed for valproic acid concentration using gas chromatography at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 90, and 180 days. Polypropylene syringes that were stored for 180 days at 4 and 25 degrees C were rinsed and put in chloroform 50 ml; valproic acid concentration was determined daily for 12 days. Valproate sodium syrup repackaged in glass oral syringes and glass vials retained 95% of valproic acid label claim after storage at 4 and 25 degrees C for 180 days, while valproate sodium syrup repackaged in polypropylene oral syringes did not retain 90% of label claim after storage for 20 days at 4 or 25 degrees C. All samples stored at 60 degrees C had greater loss than those stored at lower temperatures. An average of 86% of the drug lost from the polypropylene syringes was recovered in 12 days during the desorption experiment (range 80-92%). Repackaging valproate sodium syrup in unit dose glass vials or glass syringes resulted in retention of 95% of valproic acid label claim after storage for 180 days at 4 and 25 degrees C. Repackaging of this drug product in polypropylene oral syringes is not recommended.
Supporting data consistency in concurrent process execution with assurance points and invariants

This research has developed the concept of invariant rules for monitoring data in a service-oriented environment that allows concurrent data accessibility with relaxed isolation. The invariant rule approach is an extension of the assurance point concept, where an assurance point is a logical and physical checkpoint that is used to store critical data values and to check pre and post conditions related to service execution. Invariant rules provide a stronger way of monitoring constraints and guaranteeing that a condition holds for a specific duration of execution as defined by starting and ending assurance points, using the change notification capabilities of Delta-Enabled Grid Services. This paper outlines the specification of invariant rules as well as the invariant monitoring system for activating invariants, evaluating invariant rule conditions, and deactivating invariants. The system is supported by an invariant evaluation web service that uses materialized views for more efficient re-evaluation of invariant rule conditions. The research includes a performance analysis of the invariant evaluation Web Service. The strength of the invariant rule technique is that it provides a way to monitor data consistency in an environment where the coordinated locking of data items across multiple service executions is not possible.
Alumina-Ti Interface Reactions Studied By AES And UPS

The interaction of Ti with A1 2 O 3 under UHV conditions has been studied by AES and UPS. Ti was deposited by iterated and successively thicker evaporations (up to a total thickness of 91 A) under UHV conditions onto the alumina substrate at room temperature. The oxide substrate was grown on Al/Si(111) in an adjacent VHV preparation chamber. The last deposition was followed by in situ annealing. It was found that, contrary to indications of thermodynamic considerations using bulk equilibrium data, Ti interacts strongly with alumina at room temperature, dissociating it to metallic Al and forming TiO 2 at the interface. This reaction is limited, resulting in an interface width of ∼10 A and allowing subsequent evaporations to homogeneously cover the products. Annealing to 500°C does not produce any evidence of outdiffusion or extensive interface reactions, implying that the interface oxide is stable and an effective barrier to Al (and/or Ti) diffusion up to this temperature.
Mathematical Model for Methane Production from Landfill Bioreactor

The purpose of this discussion is to explain the experimental results of a landfill bioreactor (LFBR) from a microbiological perspective and to provide a feasible strategy to evaluate methane production performance, since suitable models and complicated and not sufficiently reliable for anaerobic-system design, as concluded by the authors. The discussers point out that the LFBR system with a leachate recycle significantly increased the overall residence time of reactants available for biodegradation. Thus, a higher conversion of organic carbon resulted compared with the system without leachate recycle. For the degradation of recalcitrant compounds, it is crucial to acquire relatively longer residence times in order to induce and synthesize essential enzymes in optimum amounts to transform pollutants to CH{sub 4}. Pirt (1975) mentioned that, as the age of the culture used to inoculate a bioreactor approached the time of late logarithmic phase, the lag time for the bioreactor reached a minimum. This suggests that the degradation rate of the LFBR system can be maximized by using an inoculum of optimum age. This further suggests that biomass age is a critical parameter in the performance of bioreactors. In addition, the discussers propose that certain observations in the authors' paper can be explained inmore » terms of biomass age.« less
Issues Related to Parameter Estimation in Model Accuracy Assessment

Abstract Model Accuracy Assessment (MAA) is an important part of the modern verification and validation process. This involves not only evaluation of a validation metric comparing experimental versus simulation system response quantities, but also the determination of the adequacy of the model for its intended use (see [1] for a detailed description). We describe here some issues related to the use of parameter estimation on MAA in the study of heat flow in a 2 D metal plate. We consider seven parameter estimation techniques, and show that various factors such as length of sampling time, parameter estimation method, etc. impact the MAA. The ultimate goal is to improve MAA techniques in aircraft structural health care monitoring using Bayesian Computational Sensor Networks.
Inter-chromosomal level of genome organization and longevity-related phenotypes in humans

Studies focusing on unraveling the genetic origin of health span in humans assume that polygenic, aging-related phenotypes are inherited through Mendelian mechanisms of inheritance of individual genes. We use the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) data to examine whether non-Mendelian mechanisms of inheritance can drive linkage of loci on non-homologous chromosomes and whether such mechanisms can be relevant to longevity-related phenotypes. We report on genome-wide inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium (LD) and on chromosome-wide intra-chromosomal LD and show that these are real phenomena in the FHS data. Genetic analysis of inheritance in families based on Mendelian segregation reveals that the alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LD at loci on non-homologous chromosomes are inherited as a complex resembling haplotypes of a genetic unit. This result implies that the inter-chromosomal LD is likely caused by non-random assortment of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The risk allele haplotypes can be subject to dominant-negative selection primary through the mechanisms of non-Mendelian inheritance. They can go to extinction within two human generations. The set of SNPs in inter-chromosomal LD (N = 68) is nearly threefold enriched, with high significance (p = 1.6 × 10−9), on non-synonymous coding variants (N = 28) compared to the entire qualified set of the studied SNPs. Genes for the tightly linked SNPs are involved in fundamental biological processes in an organism. Survival analyses show that the revealed non-genetic linkage is associated with heritable complex phenotype of premature death. Our results suggest the presence of inter-chromosomal level of functional organization in the human genome and highlight a challenging problem of genomics of human health and aging.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

Clustering is one of the most important approaches used in wireless sensor networks to save energy. Transmission range affects the clustering and in turn affects the energy consumption in the network. We establish an energy consumption model for clustered wireless sensor networks and solve the optimal transmission range problem. Using this model, the total energy consumption can be estimated beforehand based on the traffic pattern, energy model, and network deployment parameters. This model provides an insight into the energy consumption behavior in clustered wireless sensor networks and the relationship among major factors. The optimal transmission range for energy consumption is a function of the traffic load and the node density, but the effect of node density is very limited
To Advise and Consent: The Senate and Lower Federal Court Nominations, 1977-1998

Using nominations to Article III district and appeals court judgeships, we test a model of senatorial treatment of presidential nominations to the lower federal bench, looking both at outcome (whether or not a nomination culminates in confirmation) and process (the length of time it takes the Senate to process a nomination). We find evidence that nominee quality matters, as does composition of the Judiciary Committee and pending judicial nominations. Contrary to charges made in the popular press, however, neither race nor gender makes a difference for ultimate success or failure of a nomination. Duration analysis reveals that race (though not gender) does matter for district court nomination processing time. We also find presidential year and term to matter for both levels of court but the outcome of the Bork nomination to affect only appeals court nominations.
Compact Polarization Rotators Using Bent Optical Waveguides

Using a rigorous full vectorial beam propagation algorithm based on the robust finite element method, the design of ultra-compact polarization rotator using a bent optical waveguide with slanted sidewalls is presented.
Covalent cross-linking of tRNAGly1 to the ribosomal P site via the dihydrouridine loop.

Abstract The dihydrouracil residue at position 20 of Escherichia coli tRNA Gly 1 has been replaced by the photoaffinity reagent, N -(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)glycyl hydrazide (AGH). The location of the substituent was confirmed by the susceptibility of the modified tRNA to cleavage with aniline. When N -acetylglycyl-tRNA Gly 1 derivatized with AGH was bound noncovalently to the P site of E. coli 70 S ribosomes, 5–6% on average was photochemically cross-linked to the ribosomal particles in a reaction requiring poly(G,U), irradiation and the presence of the AGH label in the tRNA. Approximately two-thirds of the covalently attached tRNA was associated with 16 S RNA in the 30 S subunit. This material was judged to be in the P site by the criterion of puromycin reactivity. As partial RNAase digestion of the tRNA-16 S RNA complex produced labeled fragments from both 5′ and 3′ segments of the rRNA, there appeared to be more than one site of cross-linking in the 30 S subunit. The small amount of N -acetylglycyl-tRNA Gly 1 associated with the 50 S subunit was also linked mainly to rRNA, but it was not puromycin-reactive.
A Modified Multisite Stern−Volmer Equation for the Determination of Conditional Stability Constants and Ligand Concentrations of Soil Fulvic Acid with Metal Ions

In this work, we modify the multisite Stern−Volmer (MSV) equation for fitting fluorescence titration curves. Under the condition of a static quenching mechanism, the MSV postulates an underlying 1:1 fulvic acid (FA)/copper coordination ratio at multisites. Approximates of six fitting parameters characterize the stability constants (K1 and K2) of FA ligands with Cu2+, micromolar ligand site concentrations (CL1 and CL2), the unquenched, steady-state fractional fluorescence contributions (fx), and the residual fluorescence intensity (IRES). Prior to its application to actual FA titration data, the MSV function is simulated, and its predictive ability is confirmed by titrating a mixture of model fluorophores, glycyl-l-tryptophan and l-tryptophan with Cu2+ at pH 6. Molecular fluorescence measurements of FA are acquired at a fixed spectral position (λex = 335 nm; λem = 450 nm), and FA is titrated with copper in triplicate at three pH values5, 6, and 7. An objective analysis of log K1 and K2 values supports seve...
Downhill protein folding: evolution meets physics

Abstract Proteins can be redesigned to fold downhill on a free energy surface characterized by only a few coordinates, confirming a principal prediction of the ‘energy-landscape’ model. Nonetheless, natural proteins have small but significant barriers. Spectroscopy and kinetics reveal potential biological causes for activation barriers during protein folding: evolution against protein aggregation and for protein function. To cite this article: M. Gruebele, C. R. Biologies 328 (2005).
C 1, α regularity for infinity harmonic functions in two dimensions

We propose a new method for showing C 1, α regularity for solutions of the infinity Laplacian equation and provide full details of the proof in two dimensions. The proof for dimensions n ≥ 3 depends upon some conjectured local gradient estimates for solutions of certain transformed PDE.
Medulloblastoma: A problem of developmental biology

The identification of SUFU mutations in desmoplastic medulloblastoma provides new insights into vertebrate Hedgehog signaling and brain tumor formation.
Doping effects and compositional grading in Al x Ga 1-x As/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

First-order analytical calculations were made for the energy-band diagrams for n-Al x Ga 1-x As/p-GaAs heterojunctions for x = 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5 employing different compositional gradings and doping densities specifically for heterojunction-bipolar-transistor (HBT)applications. In the calculations most recently determined, conduction-band discontinuity ΔE C of 65 percent of the bandgap difference ΔE g between the Al x Ga 1-x As and GaAs, and the donor activation energies in n-Al x Ga 1-x As of 60 and 160 meV for x = 0.3 and 0.5, respectively, were used. The results show that the position of the heterojunction spike barrier, and the depth and width of the notch in the conduction-band edge for a compositionally abrupt heterointerface depend on the respective doping densities on the p and n sides of the heterojunction. Also, for an abrupt heterointerface the difference in barrier heights for electron and hole injections varies between ΔE g and ΔE V (the valence-band discontinuity), depending on the doping densities and the applied bias, and is not necessarily the generally accepted value of ΔE V . Analytical expressions and curves were obtained to estimate the minimum compositional grading L for eliminating the spike barrier and the notch as a function of the doping densities and the applied bias.
The phenomenology of vortices in superfluid helium

Abstract The major reason for interest in superfluid helium lies in its unusual macroscopic properties. Although quantum theory is essential for an understanding of these properties the only clearly established manner in which Plank's constant enters the macroscopic behavior is through the Onsager-Feynman quantization of the circulation (or vorticity) of the superfluid velocity. Thus vortices play a crucial role in our understanding of supefluid helium and for this reason this paper presents a review of the basic phenomenological theory and experiments relating to vortices in He II.
The role of an aluminum-tertiary

The role of 2, 2′, 2″-nitrilotriethanol (triethanolamine, TEA) as a solution additive in the synthesis of large crystal zeolite NaA has been determined by a combination of 27Al n.m.r. and zeolite syntheses using related compounds as solution additives. TEA was found to chelate aluminum, with its hydroxyl groups being directly involved in bonding to the metal ion. In addition, it was found that four additional tertiary alkanolamines to TEA were effective as solution additives in allowing the synthesis of large crystal zeolite NaA.
Small Bowel Imaging

There is a variety of options available to image the small bowel depending on the clinical scenario. This article describes multiple imaging options and focuses on several clinical scenarios common to general surgeons.
Automation and Change in Acquisitions at R. M. Cooper Library

This article talks about the relationship between automation and reorganization. It uses the experiences of the Clemson University Libraries as a case study for connecting the two. While library reorganization is discussed in general, specific attention is focused on the reasons and methods for reorganization in the acquisitions unit. Staff participation and total quality management principles are discussed. The article ends with eight axioms of reorganization.
MULTIAGENT SYMBOL SYSTEMS AND BEHAVIOR-BASED ROBOTS

Abstract This paper reviews and extends a formal model of multiagent symbol systems that define emergent symbolic behavior as a result of collective activities of very simple purely reactive components of the system. The formal model—the colony of grammars—is conceptually and technically rooted in the theory of formal grammars and languages (especially in the theory of grammar systems). This paper draws some parallels and sketches some principal differences between the symbol system model and real societies of behavior-based robotic systems of purely reactive components.
Toughening of aromatic epoxy via aliphatic epoxy copolymers

Abstract While aromatic diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based epoxy polymer matrix systems are important for high-performance applications, their brittle nature is an issue that needs to be addressed. In this paper the authors show that small additions of a more flexible aliphatic epoxy copolymers, both di- and tri-functional, can significantly increase the notched Izod impact strength (56–77%) over the neat DGEBA, while not detrimentally affecting other mechanical properties such as glass transition temperature and flexural properties. In fact, at 1 wt% concentrations, the tri-functional epoxy shows a slight increase (∼2%) in the glass transition temperature compared to neat DGEBA. The improvement in impact toughness is attributed to the more flexible backbone of the aliphatic epoxy molecules. The total miscibility of the aromatic and aliphatic epoxies within the investigated concentration range (up to 20 wt%) allows for this toughening approach to be directly applied to current composite production methods, such as resin transfer molding (RTM).
Noninvasive characterization of the sound pattern caused by coronary artery stenosis using FTF/FAEST zero tracking filters: normal/abnormal study.

In this article, a new approach has been proposed to investigate the extraction of useful information from diastolic heart sounds caused by partially occluded coronary arteries. This method, which estimates and tracks the zeros (poles) of the diastolic heart sounds directly, takes advantage of the FTF/FAEST (Fast Transversal Filters/Fasta Posteriori Error Sequential) technique which possesses the fast convergence property of the Recursive Least Square (RLS) method and the computational simplicity of the Least Mean Square (LMS) method.
Malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the ovary. Experience with surgical cytoreduction and combination chemotherapy

Background. The role of surgical cytoreduction and combination chemotherapy for malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) of the ovary was evaluated. Methods. A retrospective review of 27 women with ovarian MMMT treated from 1980 to 1990 was performed. Results. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages for the 27 women were 1 Stage I, 3 Stage II, 17 Stage III, and 6 Stage IV. Only 10 of the 23 patients with Stage III or IV disease were cytoreduced optimally. With respect to postoperative therapy, 3 women received no treatment, 6 were treated with whole abdomen radiotherapy, 1 received melphalan, and 17 received chemotherapy incorporating a platinum agent (3), doxorubicin (4), or both (10). The significant prognostic factors were stage (P < 0.001) and, for women with Stage III or IV disease, the feasibility of cytoreductive surgery (P = 0.03). The four patients in Stages I or II remained disease free after an interval of at least 5 years. The median and 5-year survival rates for patients with Stages III or IV disease was 18 months and 8%, respectively. Patients in Stage III or IV for whom optimal cytoreduction was not possible had a 2-year survival of 14%, whereas optimal cytoreduction was associated with a 52% 2-year survival. Median survival for the 14 women with Stage III or IV ovarian MMMT treated with combination chemotherapy was 25 months and nine women achieved progression free intervals of greater than 18 months. Conclusions. Aggressive surgical cytoreduction followed by combination chemotherapy may result in improved progression free intervals for women with advanced ovarian MMMT. However, a major improvement in prognosis for this rare malignancy has not yet been achieved.
Google Scholar Goes to School: The Presence of Google Scholar on College and University Web Sites

This study measured the degree of Google Scholar adoption within academia by analyzing the frequency of Google Scholar appearances on 948 campus and library Web sites, and by ascertaining the establishment of link resolution between Google Scholar and library resources. Results indicate a positive correlation between the implementation of Google Scholar link resolution and the degree of Google Scholar adoption.
Relaxation study of excited aqueous hydroxypyrenes

Abstract The relaxation mechanism of electronically excited 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPT) and 6,8-dihydroxypyrene-1,3-disulfonic acid (DPD) has been studied using flash perturbation method in aqueous solution. The recombination rate constants k r of the solvated electron (ejected from the excited state of the dissociated acids) have been determined. No electron ejection takes place in aqueous 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APT).
Stimulus Discriminability in Verbal Conditioning

(1962). Stimulus Discriminability in Verbal Conditioning. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 143-153.
On the relation of the operator ∂/∂s+∂/∂τ to evolution governed by accretive operators

Existence theorems for the equationdu/dt+Au=f(t), whereA is an accretive operator in a general Banach spaceX, are typically proved by showing that limits of solutions of discrete approximations to the equation exist. Here the estimates required to show this convergence are exhibited as special cases of estimates relating solutions of difference schemes for ∂/∂s+∂/∂τ to exact solutions.
Neuropsychological correlates of alogia and affective flattening in schizophrenia

We examined whether two negative symptoms, alogia and affective flattening, were more strongly associated with dysfunction of certain brain regions than with others in a sample of 27 schizophrenic subjects. Neuropsychological tests were used to measure the integrity of functioning of different brain regions. Functioning of left and right frontal regions was assessed by word fluency and design fluency, respectively, and functioning of the left temporo-hippocampal region was assessed by Hebb's digit-sequences recall test. Measures of alogia and affective flattening were obtained using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The results indicated that more severe levels of these negative symptoms were associated with poorer performance on the fluency tests. These relationships were fairly specific as indicated in two ways: (1) only certain neuropsychological measures were associated with negative symptoms; and (2) poor performance on fluency tests was not associated with all psychiatric symptoms. In addition, affective flattening, but not alogia, appeared to be associated with lateralized dysfunction.
World frontiers of settlement

In the world of earlier scientists a frontier was an exciting concept, term and line. It is not quite so now. Presently frontiers are zones that are partially settled and with limited transportation. They vary in size but in total area and in location they present significant potentials for population growth absorption. From about 1900 to 1940 frontier development was international and intercontinental in scope; now it is primarily national or regional in scale. Currently about as much of the total area in world frontiers is in stability as in growth and there are considerable areas of decline. The present trend is toward more stability while urbanization is dominating; until these two really change only major military causes will produce notable variations in frontier use while individual national political policies will result in local geographical pulses of minor advances and retreats. Yet, there is much potential area for new food production and settling, the world is still largely in a growth syndrome, and there are alternatives that also should be considered.
An algorithm for min-cost edge-disjoint cycles and its applications

The problems of finding minimum-cost and maximum-cost sets of edge-disjoint cycles in a weighted undirected graph are studied. The importance of this problem is that it presents a 'middle station' in two reductions for planar graphs - one between the max-cut problem and that of max-weight matching, and the other between the Chinese Postman Problem and max-weight matching. The introduction of negative edge costs makes the reductions simple and efficient. We obtain new simpler algorithms for these two problems for planar graphs (where the max-weight matching problem can be solved very efficiently). We conclude that, in the case of planar weighted graphs (with arbitrary costs), all the three problems are mutually reducible and equivalent in terms of complexity.
A cross‐cultural comparison of consumer vanity in the People's Republic of China, South Korea and Thailand: an exploratory study

In response to calls regarding the applicability of marketing scales in other cultures, the current study re-examined the psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of the consumer vanity scale. The sample consisted of 723 undergraduate participants from China, South Korea and Thailand. Results revealed that the 21-item, four-factor (physical concern, physical view, achievement concern and achievement view) model of consumer vanity exhibited a satisfactory condition of psychometric properties across three samples. Multigroup analysis also revealed that the consumer vanity scales have partial factorial invariance. More specifically, the results as related to latent means comparison revealed that there are differences and similarities between the four dimensions of consumer vanity among Chinese, South Korean and Thai participants. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Preparation of Neutron-activated Xenon for Liquid Xenon Detector Calibration

Abstract We report the preparation of neutron-activated xenon for the calibration of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors. Gamma rays from the decay of xenon metastable states, produced by fast neutron activation, were detected and their activities measured in a LXe scintillation detector. Following a 5-day activation of natural xenon gas with a 252Cf ( 4 × 10 5 n / s ) source, the activities of two gamma ray lines at 164 and 236 keV, from 131mXe and 129mXe metastable states, were measured at about 95 and 130 Bq/kg, respectively. We also observed three additional lines at 35, 100 and 275 keV, which decay away within a few days. No long-lifetime activity was observed after the neutron activation.
Analytic Properties of the Free Energy for the ``Ice'' Models

The calculation of the free energy for the two‐dimensional lattice models which obey the ``ice'' condition is reviewed and summarized. The analytic properties of this function relevant to thermodynamics are obtained for the set of those models corresponding to the absence of external fields. Detailed complex temperature Reimann structures are presented for the KDP and F models.
Morphology and optical properties of strained InGaAs quantum wires

Abstract Strained InGaAs quantum wires have been grown on holographically-patterned (100) GaAs substrates using alternating molecular beam epitaxy. Transmission electron micrographs reveal that the initial grating has rough sidewalls from wet-etching, but they are smoothed by the epilayers within about 100 A. The growth conditions favor the slow-growth plane controlling the rate of planarization of the grating. The low temperature photoluminescence from the quantum wire sample exhibits two peaks; the high intensity peak centered at 1.417 eV is attributed to the quantum wires at the bottom of the grating, and the lower intensity peak at 1.445 eV is attributed to the sidewall quantum wells. This assignment is verified by growing two additional samples that had identical growth conditions with the exception of a high temperature growth pause after the deposition of the InGaAs layer to promote surface migration and/or desoprtion from the sidewalls. The quantum wire/quantum well peak intensity ratio is 40:1 for the sample with the growth pause compared to 6:1 for the sample without a growth pause.
CORTICAL CELLULAR PHENOMENA IN EXPERIMENTAL EPILEPSY: INTERICTAL MANIFESTATIONS.

Abstract After establishing an epileptogenic “focus” in the cat's cerebral cortex, an intracellular analysis from the involved elements was carried out during the development and course of the organized rhythmical electrographic seizures simultaneously monitored with surface electrodes. Neurons were classified on the basis of their behavior as active or passive. In the former, changes in membrane polarization were observed which characterized the various phases of the ictal episode. The previously present paroxysmal hyperpolarization shifts disappear at the onset and a prominent afterdepolarization develops. During the tonic phase the membrane potential markedly decreases and rhythmical oscillations with (or rerely without) action potentials appear above a sustained excessively depolarized membrane potential level. The clonic phase corresponds to a slow repolarization process and the end of the episode seems to be due to inactivation rather than to true membrane hyperpolarization. Some neurons appear to be activated only in the later phases of the seizure.
Subscapular lymph node abscessation as a result of metastatic Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infection: an atypical presentation of bastard strangles in a mare.

Summary The case reported here represents an atypical presentation of bastard strangles in an 18-year-old Arab mare. The horse initially presented for progressive neck pain characterised by reluctance to lateral and ventroflexion of the neck. Subsequent diagnostics revealed a subscapular abscess and aspirates of the mass cultured positive for Streptococcus equi ssp. equi. Surgical drainage and debridement of the abscess was performed under general anaesthesia. Six months post surgery, the mare had made a complete recovery.
Mist1: a novel basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor exhibits a developmentally regulated expression pattern.

Abstract Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins often belong to a family of transcription factors that bind to the DNA target sequence -CANNTG- (E-box) that is present in the promoter or enhancer regions of numerous developmentally regulated genes. In this study, we report the isolation and initial characterization of a novel bHLH factor, termed Mist1, that was identified by virtue of its ability to interact with E-box regulatory elements in a yeast “one-hybrid” screening procedure. Northern analysis revealed thatMist1transcripts are expressed in several adult tissues, including stomach, liver, lung, and spleen but no expression is detected in the heart, brain, kidney, or testis. During mouse embryogenesis,Mist1mRNA is first observed at E10.5 in the primitive gut and in the developing lung bud. Expression persists through E16.5 and remains restricted primarily to the epithelial lining.Mist1also is detected in skeletal muscle tissues beginning at E12.5, persisting throughout all embryonic stages examined although in older embryos and in the adult expression becomes severely reduced. At later developmental times,Mist1transcripts also are found in the pancreas, submandibular gland, and adult spleen. As predicted, the Mist1 protein is nuclear and binds efficiently to E-box sites as a homodimer. Mist1 also is capable of binding to E-box elements when complexed as a heterodimer with the widely expressed E-proteins, E12 and E47. Surprisingly, although Mist1 binds to E-boxesin vivo,the Mist1 protein lacks a functional transcription activation domain. These observations suggest that Mist1 may function as a unique regulator of gene expression in several different embryonic and postnatal cell lineages.
Comets and Terrestrial Magnetic Storms

A recent theory of the authors attributed terrestrial magnetic storms and auroral displays to the effect of unusual flares of ultra-violet light from the sun falling upon the terrestrial atmosphere. Such flares would be expected to cause changes in comets, and therefore comet changes should be closely connected with magnetic storms. This connection is supported by the evidence brought out in the present paper in a discussion of the behavior of 31 comets scattered through the years 1848 to 1927. A general statistical result was that in the month preceding each comet's activity there occurred on the average 6, 4, 2.9 and 1.5 times as many magnetic storms of strength 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively, as there should have occured according to chance. Outstanding comet changes, 28 in number, were observed on the average 5 days after strong magnetic storms. The positions of the comet, sun and earth at the epochs of the comet changes indicated that the solar flare was in a wide angle, contrary to the narrow beam hypothesis of Maunder.
Nonphysicians for coronary care delivery: are they legal?

The pres’ent shortage of physicians in this country has stimulated the introduction of several innovations designed to improve the efficiency of delivery of medical care. One such innovation is the use of nonphysicians, or physician’s assistants, in the performance of certain duties that traditionally have been performed almost exclusively by physicians. One area in which physician’s assistants might logically work is that of coronary care. The details of their possible role were discussed recently at the conference, “Early Care for the Acute Coronary Suspect.“* Recognizing the potential value of the use of physician’s assistants, the conferees pointed out that “their role would be similar to that of personnel in a hospital-based coronary care unit, but might involve important diagnostic decisions and therapeutic measures in the absence of a physician.“’ The conferees suggested that physician’s assistants might be useful in specially equipped ambulances, such as mobile coronary care units, in locations where large crowds are gathered, such as sporting events and conventions, and in other areas of high crowd density, such as factories or office complexes. Paramedical personnel could also be available for dispatch to rural or isolated areas, perhaps by helicopter. Studying this specialized use of physician’s assistants may be useful in contemplating their role in general, since in many ways such use represents a model and provides the specific details of one possible situation. Using a discrete model helps to overcome the vagueness sometimes associated with a new concept for which there is little tradition.
Tunable multichannel optical filter based on silicon photonic band gap materials actuation

A Si-based tunable omnidirectional reflecting photonic band gap structure with a relatively large air gap defect is fabricated and measured. Using only one device, low-voltage tuning around two telecom wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.3 μm by electrostatic force is realized. Four widely spaced resonant modes within the photonic band gap are observed, which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. The whole process is at low temperature and can be compatible with current microelectronics process technology. There are several potential applications of this technology in wavelength division multiplexing devices.
A Conserved Mechanism within the 5'-Leader RNA Genome among HIV-1 and SIVcpz Strains during Viral Genome Recognition

Previous studies in our lab suggested that HIV-1 5′-Leader (5′-L) RNA genome is regulated by a molecular structural switch. The dimer promoting GC-rich loop of the dimer initiation site (DIS) hairpin is sequestered by base pairing with the unique-5’ region (U5) in the monomeric form. The DIS:U5 interaction is then displaced by a stem-loop region containing gag start codon (AUG). The U5:AUG interaction, therefore, occurs and promotes dimerization of the 5′-L.The question raised is whether this structural switch conserved in lentivirus family. Sequence alignment, gel electrophoresis, ITC, and NMR methods are employed in this study to compare RNA constructs from HIV-1, SIVcpz_TAN1, and SIVcpz_US strains. We found both SIVcpz_TAN1 and US strains utilize a similar RNA structural switch to HIV-1 within their 5′-L. This conserved function can be a potential candidate for anti-viral drug development.
An extension and simple proof of a constrained lattice fixed point theorem

We extend a result of Roth dealing with fixed points of lattice mappings which satisfy certain constraints.
Sparse statistical model inference for analog circuits under process variations

In this paper, we address the problem of performance modeling for transistor-level circuits under process variations. A sparse regression technique is introduced to characterize the relationship between the process parameters and the output responses. This approach relies on repeated simulations to find polynomial approximations of response surfaces. It employs a heuristic to construct sparse polynomial expansions and a stepwise regression algorithm based on LASSO to find low degree polynomial approximations. The proposed technique is able to handle many tens of process parameters with a small number of simulations when compared to an earlier approach using ordinary least squares. We present our approach in the context of statistical model inference (SMI), a recently proposed statistical verification framework for transistor-level circuits. Our experimental evaluation compares percentage yields predicted by our approach with Monte-Carlo simulations and SMI using ordinary least squares on benchmarks with up to 30 process parameters. The sparse-SMI approach is shown to require significantly fewer simulations, achieving orders of magnitude improvement in the run times with small differences in the resulting yield estimates.
A new method for determination of the average composition of a granite massif

Abstract Realistic average values are needed for geochemical and petrogenetic studies; heretofore no accurate method has been available for calculating the true average composition of a granitic mass. Recent published work has shown that the quantitative areal composition and variability of modal or chemical variates can be closely approximated by surfaces computed by mathematical analysis of the mapped variates (partial trend surfaces). The surface representing each variate can be expressed as X n = ƒ(U,V) , where U and V are geographic co-ordinates. The proposed new method employs the definite double integral ∫ b 2 a 2 dV ∫ b 1 a 1 X n dU , which, when divided by the outcrop area of the granite mass, provides an estimate of the average value of each variable over the whole outcrop area. In general such values are more accurate than, and significantly different from, the arithmetic means of observed values for a set of irregularly-spaced (non-orthogonal) samples. The method can be extended to triple integration for three-dimensional analyses. The Wollaston (Ontario) and Lacorne (Quebec) granites and the “older granite” of Donegal (Eire) provide examples which illustrate the methodology and its application. Satisfactory results are obtained if 1. (a) the sampling plan is such as to justify making inferences about the whole mass (target population) on the basis of the samples used, and 2. (b) the confidence level (determined by analysis of variance techniques) associated with each trend surface is high.