cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of 61 patients of children with influenza A(H1N1)in Nanjing

Aim To investigate and analyze clinical characteristics of children with influenza A(H1N1)in Nanjing.Methods A retrospective survey of 61 cases with influenza A(H1N1)was conducted in Nanjing from November to December in 2009.Results 52/61 cases with influenza A(H1N1)had complication of pneumonia,6/61 cases with bronchitis.The most common clinical symptoms of influenza A(H1N1)were fever(95.1%),cough(85.2%),wheezing(0.4%).The WBC counts were reduced in 12 patients(19.7%),and the neutrophil cell counts were reduced significantly in 31 patients(50.8%).Hepatic and renal function of the patients were all normal,CK-MB increased in 9 cases(14.8%).The natural killer cell(NKC)counts of 24 cases(39.3%)were reduced either;Oseltamivir was used for the 61 patients,some of whom were additionally treated with erythromycin injection coping with Mycoplasma pneumonia.The average length of staying in hospital for 61 patients was 7.8 days,and there were no deaths.Conclusion The patients under 5 years old with underlying diseases were liable to get serious H1N1.The children with H1N1 may have multiple organ damage,but most of them were in relatively mild conditions.Oseltamivir is an effective drug for treating influenza A(H1N1).
Food Justice: An Environmental Justice Critique of the Global Food System

Environmental justice is an important framework for understanding the North-South divide in many areas of international law and policy, including energy, climate, hazardous wastes, and food. An environmental justice analysis makes visible the ways in which the global North benefits from unsustainable economic activity while imposing the environmental consequences on the global South and on the planet’s most vulnerable human beings, including women, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, and the poor. This chapter applies an environmental justice analysis to the global food system, and identifies the ways in which this system perpetuates food injustice among and within nations. It adopts a tripartite definition of food justice consisting of ecologically sustainable food production, equitable access to food and food-producing resources, and democratic local and national control over food and agricultural policy. Because the concept of food justice originates in the theory and practice of the environmental justice movement, the chapter describes the origins of this movement and explains how environmental justice as an analytical framework applies to North-South relations. The chapter then analyzes the underlying causes of food injustice, and outlines several strategies to create a more equitable and sustainable approach to global food governance.
Otologic manifestations of Fanconi anemia and other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.

Background The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are diverse disorders with syndrome-specific features; their otologic and audiologic manifestations have not been well described. Our objective was to characterize these in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA), and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS), and to determine the association between physical findings and hearing loss. Methods Patients with an IBMFS underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluations and testing for syndrome-specific gene mutations. Hearing loss was measured by pure tone audiometry and otologic abnormalities by otomicroscopy. Results Patients included 33 with FA, 37 with DC, 32 with DBA, and nine with SDS. Hearing loss was most frequent in patients with FA (45%) and DBA (14%). The most common type of hearing loss in FA was conductive (65%). Absent or hypoplastic radius, noted in 21% of the patients with FA, was associated with hearing loss in all cases. Otomicroscopy was abnormal in 66% of patients with FA. Characteristic ear abnormalities included small tympanic membrane (66%), malformed malleus (57%), aberrant tympanic bony island (48%), narrow external auditory canal (EAC) (32%), and abnormal course of chorda tympani (34%). Ear malformations were almost always associated with hearing loss. Hearing loss was rare in patients with DC and SDS. Conclusions FA is the major IBMFS with associated hearing loss, which is most commonly conductive. Radial hypoplasia or aplasia and characteristic congenital ear malformations are associated with hearing loss in patients with FA. Recognition of these syndrome-specific abnormalities should lead to earlier management of hearing loss.
Whiffleminton — Game of the Future?

(1971). Whiffleminton — Game of the Future? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 61-62.
The Infrastructure Finance Challenge

Infrastructure and its effects on economic growth, social welfare, and sustainability receive a great deal of attention today. There is widespread agreement that infrastructure is a key dimension of global development and that its impact reaches deep into the broader economy with important and complex implications for social progress. At the same time, infrastructure finance is among the most complex and challenging areas in the global financial architecture. Ingo Walter, Professor of Finance, Corporate Governance and Ethics Emeritus at the Stern School of Business, New York University, and his team of experts tackles the issue by focussing on key findings backed by serious theoretical and empirical research. The result is a set of viable guideposts for researchers, policy-makers, students and anybody interested in the complex challenges of contemporary economy.
Autoantibody biomarkers for the detection of serous ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to identify a panel of novel serum tumor antigen-associated autoantibody (TAAb) biomarkers for the diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Methods To detect TAAb we probed high-density programmable protein microarrays (NAPPA) containing 10,247 antigens with sera from patients with serous ovarian cancer ( n =30 cases/30 healthy controls) and measured bound IgG. We identified 735 promising tumor antigens and evaluated these with an independent set of serous ovarian cancer sera ( n =30 cases/30 benign disease controls/30 healthy controls). Thirty-nine potential tumor autoantigens were identified and evaluated using an orthogonal programmable ELISA platform against a total of 153 sera samples ( n= 63 cases/30 benign disease controls/60 healthy controls). Sensitivities at 95% specificity were calculated and a classifier for the detection of high-grade serous ovarian cancer was constructed. Results We identified 11-TAAbs (ICAM3, CTAG2, p53, STYXL1, PVR, POMC, NUDT11, TRIM39, UHMK1, KSR1, and NXF3) that distinguished high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases from healthy controls with a combined 45% sensitivity at 98% specificity. Conclusion These are potential circulating biomarkers for the detection of serous ovarian cancer, and warrant confirmation in larger clinical cohorts.
Engagement, Persistence, and Gender in Computer Science: Results of a Smartphone ESM Study

While the underrepresentation of women in the fast-growing STEM field of computer science (CS) has been much studied, no consensus exists on the key factors influencing this widening gender gap. Possible suspects include gender differences in aptitude, interest, and academic environment. Our study contributes to this literature by applying student engagement research to study the experiences of college students studying CS, to assess the degree to which differences in men and women’s engagement may help account for gender inequity in the field. Specifically, we use the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to evaluate in real-time the engagement of college students during varied activities and environments. Over the course of a full week in fall semester and a full week in spring semester, 165 students majoring in CS at two Research I universities were “beeped” several times a day via a smartphone app prompting them to fill out a short questionnaire including open-ended and scaled items. These responses were paired with administrative and over two years of transcript data provided by their institutions. We used mean comparisons and logistic regression analysis to compare enrollment and persistence patterns among CS men and women. Results suggest that despite the obstacles associated with women’s underrepresentation in computer science, women are more likely to continue taking computer science courses when they felt challenged and skilled in their initial computer science classes. We discuss implications for further research.
Opportunistic Invasive Cutaneous Fungal Infections Associated with Administration of Cyclosporine to Dogs with Immune-mediated Disease

Background Opportunistic invasive fungal infections (OIFIs) occur in dogs administered immunosuppressive medications. However, the epidemiology of OIFIs among dogs undergoing immunosuppressive treatment is poorly understood. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the incidence of OIFIs among dogs diagnosed with certain immune-mediated diseases and treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and (2) determine if administration of particular drug(s) was a risk factor for OIFIs. Hypothesis Dogs receiving cyclosporine treatment (alone or as part of a multidrug protocol) are at higher risk of developing OIFIs. Animals One hundred and thirteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with select immune-mediated diseases: 42 with IMHA, 29 with ITP, 34 with IMPA, and 8 with Evans syndrome. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of dogs presenting to the Texas AM 95% CI, 1.5-34.4) and among male dogs (OR = 5.1, P = 0.018; 95% CI, 1.4-17.9). Conclusions and clinical importance OIFIs were significantly more likely in male dogs and those receiving cyclosporine. It is important to consider OIFIs as a potential complication of immunosuppressive treatment, particularly cyclosporine.
On the Phase Portrait of the Karmarkar’s Flow

A so-called projective scaling vector is defined on the interior of a given polyhedron P and depends on a cost function. These vector fields ( under some additional assumptions) [2] can be considered as continuous versions of the Karmarkar’s algorithm for solving linear programming problems.
Dirty Dollars: The Carting and Waste Disposal Industries

This saga of crime and duplicity unfolds across a raw and treacherous landscape that stretches from Pennsylvania to New Jersey, from New York to Connecticut, against a background of a bewildered criminal justice system frequently confounded not just because of the usual bureaucratic nonsense but also because of widespread political duplicity. Some dedicated law enforcement people and industry members battled the crooked, criminal elements, and some not so heroic aided and abetted the corruption and malfeasance.
EBMesh: An Embedded Boundary Meshing Tool

This paper describes a method for constructing Cartesian meshes for embedded boundary algorithms by using a ray-tracing technique. In this approach, each mesh cell is distinguished as being inside, outside, or on the boundary of the input geometry, which is determined by firing rays parallel to x/y/z coordinates. The most expensive process of the embedded boundary mesh generation, an edge-geometry intersection test, is performed for the group of edges on a fired ray line together, which decreases the computational complexity of the whole method significantly. Produced boundary cells also have edge-cut fraction information and volume cut fraction information for each material. This work is implemented to be enable to directly import various CAD-based solid model formats and as an open-source code to be used easily in many engineering simulation fields.
Conservation of Resources, Stress, and Aging

Conceptions of later adulthood have often portrayed a picture of the frail elderly, spiraling toward loneliness and loss (Lerner & Gignac, 1992). Furthermore, later life has generally been conceptualized as separate from earlier adult life in some qualitative manner, such that once you were young then you became middle aged, and then one day you were old, the proverbial riddle of the Sphinx. This chapter suggests that rather than a distinct developmental phase, later life is influenced by the caravan of resources that the person has obtained, protected, or lost throughout earlier life. This caravan is shaped by the lifetime experiences of the individual, the context of the family, and the framework of society for older adults. Who among us looks back at our earlier life and says, “That was a different person?” Rather, we see ourselves as having continuity with that earlier self. Our change is incremental. Yet, at the same time, we must acknowledge that changes do occur, and that these cumulatively affect us. So too, at any age, illness and death profoundly affect us and those around us, and as these changes are more prevalent with age, the caravan may move faster in our later years.
Macromegakaryocytosis After Hydroxyurea

A single injection of hydroxyurea (OHU) produced transient megakaryocytopenia in mice. An increase in the average mean size of mature, stage III megakaryocytes coincided with their depopulation. This was due to a selective reduction in numbers of smaller cells. In contrast, the macromegakaryocytosis of immunothrombocytopenia showed substantial increases in numbers of larger cells and reductions in smaller. Further reduction in numbers of smaller cells occurred when OHU was given to mice with immunothrombocytopenia, and the megakaryocytopenia was somewhat more severe than that produced by OHU in normal mice. OHU produced mild thrombocytopenia in normal mice and compromised recovery of the platelet count from immunothrombocytopenia. The most likely explanation for the increase in mean megakaryocyte size in the hypomegakaryocytic state produced by OHU is that the temporary imbalance between a low rate of influx and a normal rate of maturation produced a shift of the age distribution of the cells due to a deficiency of immature cells.
Electrocardiography-gated cardiac CT angiography can differentiate brachycephalic dogs with and without pulmonary valve stenosis and findings differ from transthoracic echocardiography.

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed congenital heart defects in dogs. Currently, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the standard modality used to evaluate PS. Image acquisition by TTE can be challenging in some brachycephalic breeds of dogs. The use of echocardiographic-gated CT angiography (ECG-gated CTA) in veterinary medicine is limited. This retrospective method comparison study investigated right and left ventricular outflow diameters by sedated ECG-gated CTA and unsedated TTE in 14 brachycephalic dogs with PS and 12 brachycephalic dogs without PS. Measurements of ventricular outflow structures were made in early systole and end diastole for both modalities and then compared for significance between systolic and diastolic phases, as well as between the two modalities. Ratios of the pulmonary trunk diameter to the aorta at different locations (aortic valve, aortic annulus, and ascending aorta) and in different planes (transverse, sagittal) were compared between dogs with PS and without PS, as well as within dogs, by both TTE and ECG-gated CTA. Transthoracic echocardiography and ECG-gated CTA both detected significantly greater pulmonary trunk to aorta ratios in dogs with PS at all aortic locations (P < 0.05). Pulmonary valve to aortic valve ratios were significantly smaller in dogs with PS (P < 0.05). Pulmonary trunk to aorta and pulmonary valve to aorta ratios were achieved with good anatomic detail using ECG-gated CTA. Ratios of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary valve relative to the aorta may be useful to evaluate for PS using a modality that is underutilized for cardiac assessment.
Endogenous double-stranded Alu RNA elements stimulate IFN-responses in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Various sensors that detect double-stranded RNA, presumably of viral origin, exist in eukaryotic cells and induce IFN-responses. Ongoing IFN-responses have also been documented in a variety of human autoimmune diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) but their origins remain obscure. We find increased IFN-responses in leukocytes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at distinct stages of disease. Moreover, endogenous RNAs isolated from blood cells of these same patients recapitulate this IFN-response if transfected into naive cells. These endogenous RNAs are double-stranded RNAs, contain Alu and Line elements and are transcribed from leukocyte transcriptional enhancers. Thus, transcribed endogenous retrotransposon elements can co-opt pattern recognition sensors to induce IFN-responses in RRMS.
POSTOPERATIVE AND POST-DISCHARGE PAIN OUTCOMES AND OPIOID REQUIREMENTS IN PEDIATRIC ARTHROSCOPIC ACL RECONSTRUCTION AND/OR MENISCUS PROCEDURES MANAGED WITH PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKADE:

Background:Peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) can be a useful component of a multimodal analgesia strategy for managing pain after knee arthroscopy and supports goals of improved opioid stewardship gi...
Thinning alters avian occupancy in piñon-juniper woodlands.

Natural resource managers are increasingly applying tree reduction treatments to pinon–juniper woodlands to meet a range of ecological, social, and economic goals. However, treatment effects on woodland-obligate bird species are not well understood. We measured multiscale avian occupancy on 29 paired (control/treatment) sites in pinon–juniper woodlands in central Colorado, USA. We conducted point counts at 232 stations, 3 times each season in 2014 and 2015. We used hierarchical multiscale modeling to obtain unbiased estimates of landscape and local occupancy (i.e. probability of use) in treated and untreated sites for 31 species. Treatments reduced the occupancy of conifer obligates, including Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli), Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), and White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), and increased occupancy of Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) and Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides). Occupancy of Virginia's Warbler (Oreothylpis virginiae) and Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii), two pinon–juniper specialists, decreased at the landscape scale in treated sites, and Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) occupancy decreased at the local scale. Tree reduction treatments in pinon–juniper woodlands have the potential to reduce habitat quality for a suite of bird species of conservation concern. We suggest that treatments designed to retain higher tree density and basal area will benefit conifer-obligate and pinon–juniper specialist bird species.
THE COST OF SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATING IN THE CANADIAN CONTEXT

ABSTRACT An evaluation is made of the cost of solar domestic water heaters (SDWHs) in Canada using data from a field trial, from the industry association and from the manufacturers. The cost was found to be fairly evenly divided between the collectors, the heat exchanger/tank combination, the balance of system, the installation material and the installation labour. The mean installed cost for a small drain-back SDWH was calculated to be $3215 in 1983. By rationalizing the system and halving the installation time a cost of $2720 is projected for an SDWH with a collector area of 4.6 m2. Some areas for future investigation and improvement are suggested.
Differential Functional Connectivity along the Long Axis of the Hippocampus Aligns with Differential Role in Memory Specificity and Generalization.

The hippocampus contributes to both remembering specific events and generalization across events. Recent work suggests that information may be represented along the longitudinal axis of the hippoca...
Taxes in a CGE Model

This chapter examines the treatment of trade and domestic taxes in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Trade taxes are imposed on imports and exports of goods and services. Domestic taxes are taxes paid by production activities on output and factor use and by purchasers on sales of intermediate and retail goods, and income taxes. We trace the tax data in a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to describe the agent and the economic activity on which the tax is levied and the amount of revenue generated by each tax; we also show how to use the SAM's data to calculate tax rates. Partial equilibrium diagrams then illustrate the theoretical effects of taxes on economic activity and welfare. The results of tax policy experiments using a CGE model support the theoretical predictions and offer insight into the economy-wide effects of each tax. Three applied examples of tax policy analysis explore the second-best welfare effects of a tax, the marginal welfare impacts of a country's entire tax structure, and the elimination of import tariffs in a preferential trade agreement. The large federal deficit in the United States has spurred intense debate on whether the sizeable tax cuts enacted by the previous administration should be maintained or allowed to lapse. The tax cuts were intended to spur consumer demand during the financial crisis. Economists argued that lower taxes would lead to increased consumer spending, thereby providing an economic stimulus as production and employment expanded to meet higher demand. Some economists also argued that lower tax rates motivate producers to invest and produce more, which also helps stimulate employment. Taxes influence the behavior of an economy's consumers and producers in important ways. CGE models have proven to be a valuable tool for researchers in empirically and comprehensively analyzing how taxes affect households’ and firms’ economic decisions about how much to consume, produce, and trade, and how these actions impact the economy as a whole. Governments impose taxes for many reasons. Foremost is the need to raise revenue to support the provision of public goods such as national defense and education. Governments sometimes use taxes to redress market failures such as externalities. For example, the government may impose carbon taxes to reduce the harm to public health that is associated with air pollution by private industry.
Contribution of Host Immune Responses Against Influenza D Virus Infection Toward Secondary Bacterial Infection in a Mouse Model

Influenza D viruses (IDV) are known to co-circulate with viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and other ruminants. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding host responses to IDV infection and whether IDV infection affects host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, the current study utilized a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to evaluate host cellular responses against primary IDV infection and secondary bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Primary IDV infection in mice did not result in clinical signs of disease and it did not enhance the susceptibility to secondary S. aureus infection. Rather, IDV infection appeared to protect mice from the usual clinical features of secondary bacterial infection, as demonstrated by improved weight loss, survival, and recovery when compared to S. aureus infection alone. We found a notable increase in IFN-β expression following IDV infection while utilizing human alveolar epithelial A549 cells to analyze early anti-viral responses to IDV infection. These results demonstrate for the first time that IDV infection does not increase the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection with S. aureus, with evidence that anti-viral immune responses during IDV infection might protect the host against these potentially deadly outcomes.
Assessing the growth in clinical skills using a progress clinical skills examination.

Background This study evaluates the generalizability of an eight-station progress clinical skills examination and assesses the growth in performance for six clinical skills domains among first- and second-year medical students over four time points during the academic year. Methods We conducted a generalizability study for longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons and assessed growth in six clinical skill domains via repeated measures ANOVA over the first and second year of medical school. Results The generalizability of the examination domain scores was low but consistent with previous studies of data gathering and communication skills. Variations in case difficulty across administrations of the examination made it difficult to assess longitudinal growth. It was possible to compare students at different training levels and the interaction of training level and growth. Second-year students outperformed first-year students, but first-year students' clinical skills performance grew faster than second-year students narrowing the gap in clinical skills over the students' first year of medical school. Conclusions Case specificity limits the ability to assess longitudinal growth in clinical skills through progress testing. Providing students with early clinical skills training and authentic clinical experiences appears to result in the rapid growth of clinical skills during the first year of medical school.
Metabolic syndrome exacerbates amyloid pathology in a comorbid Alzheimer's mouse model.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) often coexists with other aging-associated diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The early stage of these comorbidities is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is highly prevalent in mid-life. An important cause of MetS is the deficiency of SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase which enhances the functions of critical mitochondrial proteins, including metabolic enzymes, by deacetylation. Deletion of Sirt3 gene has been reported to result in the acceleration of MetS. In a recently published study, we demonstrated in the brain of Sirt3−/− mice, downregulation of metabolic enzymes, insulin resistance and elevation of inflammatory markers including microglial proliferation. These findings suggested a novel pathway that could link SIRT3 deficiency to neuroinflammation, an important cause of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that MetS and amyloid pathology may interact through converging pathways of insulin resistance and neuroinflammation in comorbid AD. To investigate these interactions, we crossed Sirt3−/− mice with APP/PS1 mice and successfully generated APP/PS1/Sirt3−/− mice with amyloid pathology and MetS. In these comorbid AD mice, we observed exacerbation of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, amyloid plaque deposition, markers of neuroinflammation, including elevated expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and Cox-2 at 8 months of age. There was also increased microglial proliferation and activation. Our observations suggest a novel mechanism by which MetS may interact with amyloid pathology during the cellular phase of AD. Therapeutic targeting of SIRT3 in AD with comorbidities may produce beneficial effects.
Influence of heat carry on magnetohydrodynamics oscillatory flow for variable viscosity Carreau fluid through a porous medium

This paper aims to study variable viscosity effects of mass transfer on the MHD oscillatory flow of the Carreau fluid through a porous channel. It is assumed that fluid viscosity varies with variou...
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on noise pollution in three protected areas in metropolitan Boston (USA)

Abstract Noise pollution can reduce the ability of urban protected areas to provide a refuge for people and habitat for wildlife. Amidst an unprecedented global pandemic, it is unknown if the changes in human activity have significantly impacted noise pollution in metropolitan parks. We tested the hypothesis that reduced human activity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns would lead to reduced sound levels in protected areas compared with non-pandemic times. We measured sound levels in three urban protected areas in metropolitan Boston, MA (USA) at three time periods: in the fall and summer before the pandemic, immediately after the government-imposed lockdown in March 2020 when the trees were leafless, and during the beginning of reopening in early June 2020 when the trees had leaves. At all time periods, sound levels were highest near major roads and demonstrated a logarithmic decrease further from roads. At the two protected areas closest to the city center, sound levels averaged 1–3 dB lower during the time of the pandemic lockdown. In contrast, at the third protected area, which is transected by a major highway, sound levels were 4–6 dB higher during the time of the pandemic, likely because reduced traffic allowed vehicles to travel faster and create more noise. This study demonstrates that altered human levels of activity, in this case associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, can have major, and in some cases unexpected, effects on the levels of noise pollution in protected areas.
Mental Health Outcome Measures in Environmental Design Research: A Critical Review.

Aim:During the last several decades, researchers have produced abundant evidence of the environmental impacts on stress, attention, and physical activity. More recently, scholars have turned their ...
Large Signal Response of AlN/GaN/AlN HEMTs at 30 GHz

Power amplifier (PA) technology is essential to the future of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems in defense and commercial sectors. High atmospheric attenuation at these mm-wave frequencies has led to demand for high power PAs able to offset this effect. Gallium nitride high-electron-mobility-transistors (GaN HEMTs) have emerged as leading contenders to supply high power at mm-wave frequencies due to its wide bandgap and high electron velocity. To improve upon conventional GaN HEMT heterostructures, we previously introduced HEMTs on the aluminum nitride (AlN) platform [1] , using an AlN/GaN/AlN heterostructure. The maximized bandgap of binary AlN prevents buffer leakage current and increases HEMT breakdown voltage, while also providing a higher thermal conductivity for enhanced channel temperature management. Additionally, the increased polarization offset with GaN allows for highly scaled top barriers that still induce large density two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). We recently showed high breakdown voltage of up to 2 MV/cm in RF AlN/GaN/AlN HEMTs [2] and RF power operation of these HEMTs at 6 GHz, with an power added efficiency of 55% and output power ( P out ) of 2.8 W/mm [3] . In this work, we demonstrate the first mm-wave frequency operation of AlN/GaN/AlN HEMTs, showing a peak PAE = 29%, with associated P out = 2.5 W/mm and G T = 7 dB at 30 GHz.
Provider, Caretaker, Nurturer, Hero: Perceptions of Parenting Changes among Women Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

In this study, we examined changes in mothers’ reports of discipline, nurturing, and parenting satisfaction, along with their perceptions of how intimate partner violence (IPV) affected their role as a mother. Data were gathered from 85 women (86% identified as non-Hispanic White; mean age = 31.7 years; average number of children = 2.5) across three data waves. We used a convergent parallel mixed method design to examine women’s parenting experiences. Two standardized scales assessed parenting discipline, nurturance, and satisfaction. Five additional items assessed perceptions of how IPV influenced parenting. Women responded to open-ended questions about perceptions of their mothering role and how IPV influenced this role over time. We found significant changes in discipline scores and women’s ability to have their desired relationship with their children. Nurturing and parenting satisfaction scores did not significantly change over time. Four themes emerged for women’s role as mothers: provider and nurturer, teacher and discipliner, challenges, and importance of the mother role. Seven themes emerged on how IPV influenced mothering: ability to be present, trouble with discipline, overcompensation and overprotective, learned behavior, no impact, finding strength, and self-doubt. These findings contribute to the growing scholarship assessing women’s perceptions of their mothering roles and parenting in the context of IPV. Future research should examine the impact and nuances of parental interference in various contexts and over time.
The Hydrostatic Equation and Adiabatic Processes

In addition to obeying the Ideal Gas Law and principles of adiabatic motion, air moves vertically based on the principles described in the hydrostatic equation, which relates height differences in a static atmosphere to the vertical pressure change over those differences. In addition, the First Law of Thermodynamics—the postulate that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but only changed from one form to another—applies by ensuring that air has some combination of gaining or losing internal energy and doing work (or having work done) on its surrounding environment as it moves vertically. These principles are important in modeling and predicting atmospheric motion. Specifically, if air is assumed to move adiabatically in its vertical motion and is not saturated, then these principles dictate that it will always cool by 0.9753 K (or approximately 1 C°) per 100 m. As will be shown in the subsequent chapters, this unsaturated adiabatic lapse rate becomes very important in determining whether an imaginary blob of air known as an air parcel will have a tendency to rise (and perhaps generate tall clouds) or sink.
Arc melting and homogenization of ZrC and ZrC + B alloys

A description is given of the methods used to arc-melt and to homogenize near-stoichiometric ZrC and ZrC-boron alloys, giving attention to the oxygen contamination problem. The starting material for the carbide preparation was ZrC powder with an average particle size of 4.6 micron. Pellets weighing approximately 3 g each were prepared at room temperature from the powder by the use of an isostatic press operated at 50,000 psi. These pellets were individually melted in an arc furnace containing a static atmosphere of purified argon. A graphite resistance furnace was used for the homogenization process.
Dated Rock Art Panel of Shield Bearing Warriors in South Central Montana

The use of traditional archaeological excavation to recover the tools used to complete a pictograph or petroglyph is one way rock art can be dated. Two sandstone abraders, used to smooth the rock f...
The fictive archive: Kurdish filmmaking in Turkey

In this paper, I consider the potentials and theoretical interpretations of Kurdish Cinema produced in Turkey. I evaluate the dynamics of the emergence of a state-less Kurdish cinema, which produces films in spite of the existence of Turkish National cinema and an oppressive Turkish national identity. Using Hayden White's formulations on narrative and history and Gilles Deleuze's theories on minority filmmaking and the time-image, I argue that the conception of time in Kurdish Cinema exceeds the time of the narrative and carries an archival potential for the unrepresented history of Kurdish life in Turkey.
Polarization Distributions in Compact Radio Sources

Intensity and polarization maps of active galactic nuclei, obtained with marcsec resolution at 5 GHz using the Mark III VLBI array during 1981-1982, are presented. The techniques of high-resolution polarization synthesis are described, and maps for the superluminal quasar 3C345, the superluminal galaxy 3C120, and the BL Lac objects 0735 + 178 and OJ287 are characterized, with an emphasis on the relationship between arcsec-scale and marcsec-scale jets.
Mode trapping in pulsating white dwarfs

White dwarfs undergo nonradial g-mode pulsation in three separate instability regions during their cooling history. The coolest pulsating white dwarfs are the ZZ Ceti stars, and the hottest correspond to the pulsating PG1159 stars. The adiabatic pulsation properties of stellar models accurately reproduce many of the observed properties of the pulsations. In particular, trapping of modes by composition transition regions near the surface of these stars is an adiabatic phenomenon. Here we present models of ZZ Ceti stars which show trapped modes with periods that are very close to those observed, and illustrate a technique for using these periods to determine the mass of the surface hydrogen layer.
Lithium diffusivity in antimony-based intermetallic and FeSb–TiC composite anodes as measured by GITT

The diffusion coefficient of lithium is an important parameter in determining the rate capability of an electrode and its ability to deliver high power output. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) is a quick electrochemical method to determine diffusion coefficients in electrode materials and is applied here to antimony-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Like other alloy anodes, antimony suffers from large volume change and a short cycle life, so GITT is also applied to determine the effects on lithium diffusivity of antimony intermetallics and composite electrodes designed to mitigate these issues. Pure antimony is measured to have a diffusion coefficient of 4.0 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, in agreement with previously measured values. The intermetallics NiSb, FeSb, and FeSb2 all demonstrate diffusivity values within an order of magnitude of antimony, while Cu2Sb shows roughly an order of magnitude improvement due to the persistence of the Cu2Sb phase during cycling. The composite electrode FeSb–TiC is shown to offer significant enhancement of the diffusion coefficient positively correlated with higher concentrations of TiC in the composite up to a maximum value of 1.9 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 at 60 wt% TiC, nearly two full orders of magnitude greater than that of pure antimony.
Trauma-related correlates of alcohol use in recently deployed OEF/OIF veterans.

The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is well documented. Little is known about the factors that contribute to alcohol use and the development of AUDs among military personnel following deployment. The primary aim of this study was to examine trauma-related correlates of alcohol use in recently deployed Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Members of the Rhode Island National Guard and Army Reserves (N = 238) completed an in-person, initial assessment an average of 6 months postdeployment. Multiple regression analyses examined predictors of drinking outcomes (combat exposure, total PTSD symptoms, and PTSD symptom clusters) after accounting for gender, age, and history of AUD. Results indicated that total PTSD symptoms, but not combat exposure, significantly predicted alcohol use at the initial assessment. When PTSD symptom clusters were considered separately, reexperiencing symptoms (Cluster B) were the strongest predictor of total alcohol use (B = 3.58, p = .002) and heavy drinking episodes (B = 0.31, p = .005). Implications for these findings include early identification of risk factors that could lead to the development of AUDs, and the importance of integrated treatment approaches for co-occurring PTSD and AUD among veterans postdeployment. Language: en
The Prism of Rules

Most legal theorists, including almost all positivists and many others, take for granted or are implicitly committed to an assumption that is not an official part of positivism. The assumption is that the content of the law is determined by the contents of legally authoritative pronouncements. I call it the Pronouncement View (PV, for short). The kind of determination at issue here is constitutive, not epistemic. That is, PV concerns what makes the content of the law what it is, not how we ascertain the content of the law. PV is more of an organizing principle or core idea, than a precise doctrine. I have introduced PV in an unqualified form, but there are a variety of ways in which its claim could be moderated. For example, a qualified version of PV could hold that the contents of legally authoritative pronouncements play a central or predominant role in determining the content of the law. The debate between positivists and anti-positivists is often framed in a way that takes PV for granted. For example, one typical characterization takes the debate to concern whether laws must pass a moral test in order to be valid. The use of laws here betrays an assumption that the starting point is legally authoritative pronouncements. Given this starting point, if morality is relevant it will have to be as a way of screening the content of authoritative pronouncements. I suggest that the issue of whether a PV-based view of law is correct is more fundamental than the issue that divides legal positivists and anti-positivists, at least as the latter issue is commonly understood. For example, one common understanding of the latter issue is that positivists claim, and anti-positivists deny, that the criteria of legal validity - the criteria that determine whether a norm is legally valid - need not include moral facts. As will become clear, however, the picture of law presupposed by this way of framing the debate - according to which candidate norms qualify as legal norms by satisfying criteria of validity - is closely associated with PV and need not be accepted by non-PV-based views of law. PV leads to a characteristic set of concerns and problems, and yields a distinctive way of thinking about how law is supposed to operate. In this paper, I will offer an alternative to PV, which I call the Dependence View (DV, for short). I begin to develop the picture of law that it yields. The discussion throughout is exploratory and tentative. The goal is to sketch the alternative picture and identify problems and possible ways of developing it, not to refute the picture associated with PV.
Optimal control of measurement subsystems

This paper considers an important class of problems known as measurement adaptive problems, in which control is available over not only the plant (i.e., the state equation contains a control variable) but also the measurement subsystem (i.e., the measurement equation contains a control variable). In the general situation the problem is shown to be a generalization of the combined optimization problem. In the special situation of linear systems, quadratic cost, and Gaussian random processes, it is shown that the optimization of plant control can be carried out independently of the measurement control optimization and, furthermore, that optimization of the measurement control can be done a priori. Two examples illustrating this latter situation are presented.
Field Collection, Handling, and Storage of Sperm of the Endangered Razorback Sucker

Abstract We developed methods for the collection, handling, and refrigerated storage of sperm from the endangered razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus. Sperm samples were obtained from 56 of 78 male razorback suckers collected from Lake Mohave (Colorado River) during the 1994 and 1995 spawning seasons. There were significant differences among the osmolalities of blood plasma, ovarian fluid, and seminal plasma. Maximum sperm motility was observed 3 s after dilution with river water and was maintained for 16 ± 8 s (mean ± SD). Motility ceased 70 ± 32 s after the addition of water. Given the short time that sperm were motile, care should be taken to ensure complete and early mixing of gametes during artificial spawning of razorback suckers. Refrigerated sperm (4°C) retained more than 90% motility when stored at 290 milliosmols/kg in calcium-free Hanks' balanced salt solution (C-F HBSS). Sperm diluted 1:1 with C-F HBSS had significantly higher motility compared with motility of undiluted sperm at the end of 24 ...
Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Is Alive and Well

In this issue, Chung et al. (2014) generate human embryonic stem cells by fusing an adult somatic cell to a previously enucleated human oocyte, in agreement with recent reports by the Mitalipov and Egli groups. We can now safely say that human somatic cell nuclear transfer is alive and well.
Association Between Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits and Pollen Concentration in the Bronx, 2001-2008

S A T U R D A Y 198 Association Between Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits and Pollen Concentration in the Bronx, 2001-2008 Sayantani B. Sindher, MD, Sunit Jariwala, MD, Gabriele De Vos, MD, Jennifer Toh, Anna Tavdi, BA, David L. Rosenstreich, MD, FAAAAI; Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein / Montefiore Medical Center, NY. RATIONALE: To examine the relationship between asthma-related emergency department visits (AREDV) and the effect of pollen and mold concentrations in a high asthma prevalence area, Bronx, NY. METHODS: The numbers of daily adult and pediatric AREDV from 2001-2008 were obtained from two Bronx hospitals (Montefiore-Moses and Montefiore-Weiler). AREDV data were acquired through the Clinical Looking Glass data analysis software, which allowed a retrospective search of asthma-related patients by ICD-9 code. Daily counts for tree, grass and weed pollen along with mold (fungal spore) from 3/2001 to 10/ 2008 were obtained from the Armonk counting station located in close proximity to the Bronx. RESULTS: From 2001-2008, there were a total of 42,065 AREDV. In a prior analysis, a large spring increase in AREDV significantly correlated with high tree pollen counts.When theweed, grass and tree pollen datawas combined, therewas a significant positive correlation betweenAREDVand total pollen counts (rho50.3, p<0.001). An average of a 50% increase in AREDVwas found (frommean 10.4 +/SD 6.1 to 15.8 +/SD 8.1) if pollen counts exceeded 100 grains/mm (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrates a significant positive correlation between AREDVand total pollen counts in the Bronx. This may have prognostic value in anticipating increased asthma exacerbations. Early warning of pollen peaks based on ongoing surveillance could potentially guide clinical practice and minimize asthma-related emergency department visits in the Bronx.
The low-temperature heat capacity of 1965-Calorimetry-Conference copper: a comparison with previous results

Abstract The heat capacity of a sample of 1965-Calorimetry-Conference copper obtained from Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne Designation “T-6.2”) has been measured from 0.63 to 27.85 K. The results are compared with those of four previous measurements on copper in this temperature range.
Bladder calculi presenting as complete procidentia.

Multiple large bladder stones resulting in complete procidentia present unique operative challenges. A 71-year-old postmenopausal multipara was admitted to the intensive care unit for urosepsis. A firm irreducible 15 × 10 × 10 cm procidentia was noted on exam with surface erythema, erosions, and edema. A computed tomography scan of the pelvis reported a staghorn calculus in the right renal pelvis and a large calcified fibroid uterus which had prolapsed completely out of the pelvis. After resolution of her urosepsis, the patient was taken to the operating room for a vaginal hysterectomy and surgical correction of her prolapse. A small uterus weighing 67 g was identified with a large bladder mass. Cystotomy revealed multiple bladder calculi, the largest measuring 8.1 × 6.8 × 4.6 cm. Cystolithiasis should be considered when evaluating patients with large calcified prolapse.