cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow-Derived Ex Vivo Created Hematopoietic Chimeric Cells to Support Engraftment and Maintain Long-Term Graft Survival in Reconstructive Transplantation

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) introduces a promising alternative approach to standard reconstructive procedures for severely disfigured patients. Currently, VCA research is focusing on the development of immunomodulatory protocols for tolerance induction. The ultimate goal is to reduce or preferably eliminate the need for toxic, lifelong immunosuppression and to prevent both acute and chronic rejection.
El consumo textual y La cresta de Ilión de Cristina Rivera Garza

La literatura no-consumible de Cristina Rivera Garza se evidencia en su novela La cresta de Ilion (2002), la cual se basa en la literatura tambien no-consumible de la cuentista mexicana Amparo Davila. El termino "no-consumible" intenta describir un texto que resiste a la memoria y al dominio de los lectores; el texto niega la asimilacion o la "digestion" facil. Dentro de la exploracion critica de la literatura resistente a la lectura, se contempla el discurso que Rivera Garza construye a traves de los textos de su predecesora sobre el poder del lenguaje, la identidad inestable y el triunfo de lo irracional. Al final del analisis, el tema de la historia oficial como literatura fija y facilmente digerida aparece por el manejo en la novela de Juan Escutia como existente solo a traves de otros textos. Asi, Rivera Garza demuestra que la literatura oficial prefiere hablar desde un centro muerto. Como resultado, los margenes literarios donde se encuentran Rivera Garza y Davila connotan unos textos mas vivos, aunque tal vez mas olvidables, del paisaje literario mexicano.
Morphological Analysis of Brain Structures Using Spatial Normalization

We present an approach for analyzing the morphology of anatomical structures of the brain, which uses an elastic transformation to normalize brain images into a reference space. The properties of this transformation are used as a quantitative description of the size and shape of brain structures; inter-subject comparisons are made by comparing the transformations themselves.
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles

This chapter describes how hydraulic hybridization is a solution for improving the fuel economy of heavier vehicles. It is cost effective, applicable today with off-the-shelf components, and has demonstrated greater savings than any other form of hybridization currently in use. The components are reliable and have been proven in years of experience in many industries. The results have been dramatic: the initial systems are proven at improving fuel economy by more than 25 percent in basic parallel hybrid systems and considerably more in series hybrid configurations. In addition, these systems produce much less pollution while improving vehicle performance and reducing operational and maintenance costs.
Love, Sorrow, and Rage: Destitute Women in a Manhattan Residence

Love, Sorrow, and Rage: Destitute Women in. Manhattan Residence. Alisse Waterston. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999. xi + 235 pp.
AND/OR Multi-valued Decision Diagrams for Constraint Networks

The paper is an overview of a recently developed compilation data structure for graphical models, with specific application to constraint networks. The AND/OR Multi-Valued Decision Diagram (AOMDD) augments well known decision diagrams (OBDDs, MDDs) with AND nodes, in order to capture function decomposition structure. The AOMDD is based on a pseudo tree of the network, rather than a linear ordering of its variables. The AOMDD of a constraint network is a canonical form given a pseudo tree. We describe two main approaches for compiling the AOMDD of a constraint network. The first is a top down, search-based procedure, that works by applying reduction rules to the trace of the memory intensive AND/OR search algorithm. The second is a bottom up, inference-based procedure, that uses a Bucket Elimination schedule. For both algorithms, the compilation time and the size of the AOMDD are, in the worst case, exponential in the treewidthof the constraint graph, rather than pathwidthas is known for ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs).
A scalable high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for global atmospheric modeling*

Publisher Summary The future evolution of the community-climate system model into an Earth system model will require a highly scalable and accurate flux-form formulation of atmospheric dynamics .Inherently conservative numerical schemes are of fundamental importance in atmospheric and climate modeling to pertain to conservation properties such as mass and total energy. The baroclinic waves are triggered when overlaying the steady-state initial conditions with the zonal wind perturbation whereas the initial conditions are given as quasi-realistic analytic expressions form. The computational domain is the singularity-free cubed-sphere geometry Time integration follows the third-order SSP-RK scheme. To validate proposed 3D DG model, the baroclinic-instability test suite proposed by Jablonowski and Williamson is investigated. Currently, the 3D DG model performs successfully up to 10-day simulation. The DG discretization uses high-order nodal basis set of Lagrange-Legendrepolynomials and fluxes of interelement boundaries are approximated with Lax-Friedrichs numerical flux. Time step was measured for the main DG time-stepping loop using hardware performance counters for IBM supercomputer.
Influence of Cr growth on exchange coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe(100).

Scanning electron microscopy with polarization-analysis (SEMPA) measurements of the dependence of the oscillations of the exchange coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe(100) structures on the Cr growth temperature are correlated with the thickness fluctuations in Cr films measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at similar growth temperatures. Layer-by-layer growth was observed by STM for Cr deposition on very flat Fe(100) whiskers at deposition temperatures \ensuremath{\ge}300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The SEMPA measurements of the magnetization of the Fe overlayer as a function of Cr spacer-layer thickness at this temperature could be simulated well by oscillatory coupling with periods 2.105\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005d and 12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1d, where d is the layer spacing. Rougher Cr growth, limited by diffusion kinetics, occurs at lower growth temperatures giving a distribution of thicknesses in the growth front as determined by STM. We modeled the Fe magnetization for lower-temperature Cr growth by assuming that the exchange coupling at each discrete Cr thickness is the same as found for layer-by-layer growth. The total coupling at each average Cr spacer-layer thickness was determined by adding the weighted contribution to the coupling from each Cr layer thickness contributing to the average thickness. Thus, by taking into account the thickness fluctuations in the Cr spacer layer as determined by STM, very good agreement was obtained between the model and the SEMPA measurement of the Fe overlayer magnetization for Cr growth at lower temperatures without including other consequences of roughness at the interface, such as the breakdown of translational invariance. Important characteristic length scales and the role of biquadratic coupling in the SEMPA measurements are addressed.
Corrosion Performance of Field-Applied Chromate Conversion Coatings

Abstract Alternative conversion coatings designed to replace chromate conversion coatings (CCC) are typically compared to laboratory-prepared CCC with regard to stand-alone corrosion performance. This study seeks to determine the stand-alone corrosion resistance of field-applied CCC to establish a more realistic benchmark for new nonchromate conversion coatings. Salt spray exposure, wet tape adhesion tests, and measurement of electrical contact resistance were performed according to the military specifications that govern what conversion coatings are accepted for use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) facilities. In addition, other analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling were used. In an initial study, all of the field-applied coatings on AA2024 (UNS A92024), AA6061 (UNS A96061), and AA7075 (UNS A97075) displayed significant pitting after 168 h salt spray exposure. Additionally, attention to pre-cleaning the surface prior to...
Energy Savings and the “Software-Defined” Building

In the US buildings consume 70% of electricity, but the sector exhibits little innovation for reducing its consumption. Efficiency is not yet evaluated to the same standard as comfort and reliability, but with better user input, control policy, and awareness of the building's state, energy consumption can be intelligently reduced. It is argued that what is needed is a shift to Software-Defined Buildings: flexible, multi-service, and open Building Operating System (BOS) that allows third-party applications to run securely and reliably in a sandboxed environment. A BOS is not limited to a single building but distributed among multi-building campuses. It provides the core functionality of sensor and actuator access, access management, metadata, archiving, and discovery. The runtime environment enables multiple simultaneously running programs. As in a computer OS, these run with various privilege levels, with access to different resources, yet are multiplexed on the same physical resources. It can extend to the Cloud or to other buildings, outsourcing expensive or proprietary operations as well as load sharing, but does so safely with fail-over to local systems when connectivity is disrupted. Building operators have supervisory control over all programs, controlling the separation physically (access different controls), temporally (change controls at different times), informationally (what information leaves the building), and logically (what actions or sequences thereof are allowable).
Assessing Young Children for Whom English is a Second Language

The population of children and families in the United States who receive early childhood education or early childhood special education services is becoming increasingly diverse (Children's Defense Fund, 1989). It has been estimated that by the year 2000, there will be 5.2 million preschoolers from other than English speaking homes (Kagan & Garcia, 1991). The evaluation and assessment of young children who are culturally and linguistically diverse presents significant challenges to early childhood professionals. When the outcome of assessment is determination of eligibility for special education services, the cost of error is greatly increased. The fact that the number of children in special education who are culturally and linguistically diverse is higher than expected may be reflective of the potential for error in the assessment process (Yansen & Shulman, 1996). It is also possible, however, for children who need early intervention services to go unserved because of the difficulty of distinguishing bet...
The effect of pressure and excitation energy on the isotopic fractionation in the formation of ozone by discharge of O2

Studies were made to determine the effect of the variation of the isotopic composition of initial O_2, discharge energy increase and the pressure on the isotopic composition of the O_3 produced from molecular oxygen. An RF generator with several frequency modes, the highest one at 3 MHz was used for the excitation of O_2 molecules. The pressure of the initial O_2 gas was varied from 2 to 15 cm Hg. The isotopomeric patterns produced by this generator are moderately different from those by an RF generator of lower frequencies. We used oxygen gases of three different isotopic compositions. The slope of δ_233/δ_234 varied with composition and pressure continuously between 1.19 to -1/2, passing values of ±∞. The significance of this is that ^(17)O and ^(18)O enrichments in this reaction can take place independent of one another. All data are compatible with a model based on the anharmonic predissociation of vibrationally hot O_3. The theory has two parameters p and q which depend on the distribution of vibrational states of ozone as affected by the symmetry. Several investigations are suggested by our results, including the possible explanation for the oxygen isotope anomalies found in meteorites.
On the crystal structures of the fluorite-related intermediate rare-earth oxides

Abstract The binary oxides of the rare-earth elements are, except for the A- and B-type sesquioxides, members of a fluorite-related homologous series RnO2n−2 (n = 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, ∞ are well established and a related phase with n = 10 1 3 has been reported). In this paper an electron optical study of members of the series is discussed which reveals the unit cell dimensions and possible space groups of the intermediate phases as well as the transformation matrices in terms of the fluorite substructure. This information reveals the structural relationships among the members of the series as well as the highest common structural feature involved. Structures are proposed for members of this series consistent with the new results obtained and with the data already in existence.
The stabilization of repetitive tracts of DNA by variant repeats requires a functional DNA mismatch repair system

Abstract Simple repetitive tracts of DNA are unstable in all organisms thus far examined. In the yeast S. cerevisiae, we show that a 51 by poly(GT) tract alters length at a rate of about 10 −5 per cell division. Insertion of a single variant repeat (either AT or CT) into the middle of the poly(GT) tract results in 100-fold stabilization. This stabilization requires the DNA mismatch repair system. Alterations within tracts with variant repeats occur more frequently on one side of the interruption than on the other. The stabilizing effects of variant repeats and polarity of repeat alterations have also been observed in trinucleotide repeats associated with certain human diseases.
High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the “Single-Cycle” Regime

High-harmonic generation with excitation pulses shorter than 25fs is studied theoretically using a 3D model. For very short excitation pulses, a new regime of harmonic generation by a {open_quotes}single-cycle{close_quotes} of the driver pulse can be reached. In this regime, the temporal coherence of the adjacent harmonic orders is dramatically improved compared with longer excitation pulses, even though the discrete harmonic structure in the emission disappears. X-ray pulses as short as 100attoseconds can be emitted, with increased conversion efficiency of laser-to-harmonic radiation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
The cariogenicity of soft drinks in the United States

Data from the NHANES I survey (subjects aged 9 to 29) were studied to determine the cariogenicity of soft drinks and to further the study of the relation between snacking habits and dental caries. Does the consistency of a sugary substance have any effect on its cariogenicity? Further research with the NHANES I data helps guide dental health recommendations.
A case of sebaceous carcinoma diagnosed in an adolescent male.

Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and potentially aggressive malignancy that exhibits sebaceous differentiation. Approximately 75% of cases arise in the periocular region. Sebaceous carcinoma is rare in the pediatric population and its presentation in this age group is not well documented in the dermatopathology literature. We report the case of a 15-year-old male with sebaceous carcinoma who was first seen with a nodular lesion involving the skin of the left orbit/temporal area. A shave biopsy was performed which showed an infiltrative proliferation of basaloid cells that focally exhibited sebaceous differentiation, including the formation of incipient sebocytes. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and CK5/6, while a lack of Ber-EP4 was observed. Based upon these attributes, the diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma was rendered. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis for a possible DNA mismatch repair enzyme defect revealed that all four mismatch repair gene products showed retained expression, thereby providing no support for the presence of underlying Muir-Torre syndrome. Sebaceous carcinomas are exceptional in the pediatric age group and are rarely documented in the dermatopathology literature. Knowledge that this adult carcinoma can occur mostly in the pediatric age group may aid in the recognition of this uncommon malignancy. Mirzamani N, Sundram UN. A case of sebaceous carcinoma diagnosed in an adolescent male.
Neighbors ameliorate local salinity stress for a rhizomatous plant in a heterogeneous environment

The selection pressures experienced by clonal plants in heterogeneous environments may be significantly affected by physiological integration among ramets via rhizome connections. We experimentally examined how connections affected the response to saline soil conditions in Ambrosia psilostachya clones from natural saline basins in eastern Nebraska. Paired stems connected by uniform lengths of rhizome were grown in partitioned pots in 3 watering regimes: (1) both stems watered with tapwater, (2) both stems watered with salt water (1% NaCl), and (3) one stem watered with salt water and one with tapwater. All plants survived and grew in salt water, yet dry weight gain of salt-salt plants was only 34% of that for plants in uniform tapwater. Salt plants connected to tapwater plants had 2-fold higher dry weight gain than salt-salt plants. Their tapwater neighbors had significantly smaller biomass than pairs with both stems growing in tapwater. Measurements of leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water potential, together with root-shoot allocation patterns, suggest that rhizomes transported both water and photosynthate from tapwater plants to their neighbors in saline soil. These results indicate that ramets in a locally inferior environment can be helped by their neighbors, but at some cost to the contributing ramet. We discuss the consequences of this phenomenon for the evolution of local adaptation in populations of rhizomatous plants.
Crystal defects in coatings and their influence on coating properties

Abstract Utilizing the techniques of transmission electron microscopy and field-ion microscopy, crystal defects ranging from point defects to grain boundaries were observed and compared in thin films and coatings. Some specific examples are vapor-deposited platinum on face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) iridium and body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) tungsten field-emitter substrates, vapor-deposited aluminum on NaCl (001) single crystals, vapor-deposited silver on copper, electrodeposited copper on aluminum (f.c.c.) and iron (b.c.c.), electrodeposited nickel on copper substrates and electrodeposited black chrome on nickel. The microstructures of the various nuclei and larger clusters associated with coating growth on these substrates were investigated together with the microstructures associated with coatings of thicknesses up to 50 μm. The characteristics of crystal defects in coatings and their influence on the physical, mechanical and related properties are similar to those observed in bulk materials. Dislocations and point defects can affect coating resistivities. However, a much greater effect is observed for grain boundaries (grain size) and other interfaces associated with microtwins and twin faults, where the resistivities decrease with increasing grain size or decreasing volume fraction of twin faults. Dislocations can also influence the mechanical properties of coatings in a manner identical with bulk solids. Grain size effects in coatings are of overwhelming importance. The grain size influences the coating hardness according to ΔH ∝ D−1/2, where ΔH is a hardness change based on an initial hardness reference and D is the average grain size. The grain size also influences residual optical properties in mirror and absorber coatings. The reflectivity (at a wavelength of 10.6 μm) is observed to increase with an increase in grain size, whilst the absorptivity of black chrome coatings on nickel is observed to increase with increasing coating thickness. The coating thickness is observed to be related to the residual grain size and the surface (facet) structure. The surface structure, size and crystallographic features, which are all dependent on the coating thickness and grain structure (size), are observed to be directly related to optical properties determined by the surface roughness.
Why do stocks and consumption imply such different gains from international risk sharing

Abstract Estimates of the gains to international risk-sharing based upon stock returns tend to find dramatically higher gains than do estimates from consumption-based models. In this paper, I examine the reasons for these differences. Using a common theoretical framework for both approaches, I find that the differences are largely due to the much higher variability of stock returns and its implied intertemporal substitution in marginal utility. Also, contrary to conventional wisdom, the differences in gains from the two approaches do not arise from treating stock returns as exogenous rather than endogenous.
Constraints on the Professional Service of Education Faculty.

Increases in external services performed by faculty are integral to the reform agendas for K-12 schools and departments, colleges, and schools of education. Calling for increased external serv ice and collaboration, however, will not by itself achieve this intended outcome. First, we need to understand the constraints that limit faculty service. These constraints include (a) the accom modation of education faculty to the perceived norms of faculty in colleges of arts and sciences, (b) the idealized, dominant model for professional education programs, (c) the quest for prestige, (d) the recruitment, preparation, orientations, and actions of education faculty, (e) tenure, pro motion, and reward systems, and (f) the missions, structure, and resources of education depart ments and colleges. Changed appropriately, these factors that constrain service may help to foster it. The implications of these factors are explored in light of the diversity among education faculty and their colleges and universities.
Contrasting film formation reactions of ethereal and carbonate solvents on metallic lithium

Abstract A summary of studies by photoelectron spectroscopy of the reactions of prototypical ethereal and alkyl carbonate solvents with lithium metal in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is presented. The Li/solvent interface is formed by condensing solvent vapor onto the surface of freshly vacuum evaporated Li at 130 K. The reaction is observed by obtaining core-level photoelectron spectra as a function of temperature. The interfacial reactions are distinctly different for the ethereal vs. the carbonate solvents. The ethers, both cyclic (THF and 1,3-dioxolane) and linear (glymes), react initially to form an LiOR or radical anion (1,3-dioxolane) precursor, followed by the formation of a polyether layer. In the carbonates, there is a significant difference between linear and cyclical forms. The linear carbonates (DMC and DEC) are more reactive, reacting even below the melting point, and produce both LiOCO2R and LiR (alkyl lithium). There are no unreacted solvent molecules left on the surface at room temperature. Since alkyl lithium is soluble in the bulk solvent, the lithium surface will not passivate in this solvent until considerable dissolution of lithium has occurred. The cyclic carbonate PC forms only insoluble LiOCO2R, but no unreacted PC (or PC-like molecule) remains at room temperature. Thus, the corrosion of lithium in DMC/DEC is predicted to be significantly greater than in PC. Since the ethers incorporate a significant amount of solvent molecule in the passive layer, e.g. by polymerization, the SEI layer formed in the ethers is predicted to be more highly conducting than in the carbonates. This prediction is based on the chemistry of the pure solvent molecules, absent real life impurities, e.g. water, or an anion, which may react preferentially with lithium.
Skeletal Diversity via a Folding Pathway: Synthesis of Indole Alkaloid-Like Skeletons

Inspired by the skeletal diversity of naturally occurring indole alkaloids and the rich potential of chemistry developed by Padwa and co-workers, we conceived a pathway entailing six modes of intramolecular reactions leading to indole alkaloid-like skeletons. In this context, an efficient folding pathway via a rhodium-catalyzed tandem cyclization-cycloaddition involving three of the modes has been developed (two of which are shown above) that affords densely functionalized compounds with three distinct skeletons in a stereocontrolled manner.
Preservation and destruction in simple refinements

Abstract If σ is a topology on X and A ⊆ X , we let 〈 σ , A 〉 denote the topology generated by σ and A, i.e., the topology with σ ∪ { A } as a subbasis. Any refinement of a topology obtained like this – by declaring just one new set to be open – we call simple. The present paper investigates the preservation of various properties in simple refinements. The locally closed sets (sets open in their closure) play a crucial role here: it turns out that many properties are preserved in a simple refinement by A if and only if A is locally closed. We prove this for the properties of regularity, completely regularity, (complete) metrizability, and (complete) ultrametrizability. We also show that local compactness is preserved in a simple refinement by A if and only if both A and its complement are locally closed.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

Implantable defibrillators have become the dominant therapeutic modality for patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Current defibrillators are small (<60 mL) and implanted with techniques similar to standard pacemakers. They provide high-energy shocks for ventricular fibrillation and rapid ventricular tachycardia, antitachycardia pacing for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, as well as antibradycardia pacing. Newer devices incorporating an atrial lead allow dual-chamber pacing and better discrimination between ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Randomized controlled trials have shown superior survival with implantable defibrillators than with antiarrhythmic drugs in survivors of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias and in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease. Complications associated with implantable defibrillator therapy include infection, lead failure, and spurious shocks for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Most patients adapt well to living with an implantable defibrillator, although driving often has to be restricted. Limited evidence suggests that implantable defibrillator therapy is cost-effective when compared with other widely accepted treatments. The use of implantable defibrillators is likely to continue to expand in the future. Ongoing clinical trials will define further prophylactic indications of the implantable defibrillator and clarify its cost-effectiveness ratio in different clinical settings.
On Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors

All liquid propellant rocket instability calculations in current use have limited value in the predictive sense and serve mainly as a correlating framework for the available data sets. The well-known n-t model first introduced by Crocco and Cheng in 1956 is still used as the primary analytical tool of this type. A multitude of attempts to establish practical analytical methods have achieved only limited success. These methods usually produce only stability boundary maps that are of little use in making critical design decisions in new motor development programs. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of combustion instability in solid propellant rockets"' provides a firm foundation for a new approach to prediction, diagnosis, and correction of the closely related problems in liquid motor instability. For predictive tools to be useful in the motor design process, they must have the capability to accurately determine: 1) time evolution of the pressure oscillations and limit amplitude, 2) critical triggering pulse amplitude, and 3) unsteady heat transfer rates at injector surfaces and chamber walls. The method described in this paper relates these critical motor characteristics directly to system design parameters. Inclusion of mechanisms such as wave steepening, vorticity production and transport, and unsteady detonation wave phenomena greatly enhance the representation of key features of motor chamber oscillatory behavior. The basic theoretical model is described and preliminary computations are compared to experimental data. A plan to develop the new predictive method into a comprehensive analysis tool is also described.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF REACTIONS BETWEEN H ATOMS AND CARBANIONS OF INTERSTELLAR RELEVANCE

The recent detection of molecular anions in the interstellar medium (ISM) has highlighted the need for laboratory studies of negative ion chemistry. Hydrogen atoms are the most abundant atomic species in the ISM, and the chemistry of H atoms with anions may contribute to molecular synthesis in interstellar clouds. This work is a combined experimental and computational study of a series of anions reacting with H atoms by associative detachment (A– + H → AH + e –). The anions include deprotonated nitriles (CH2CN–, CH3CHCN–, and (CH3)2CCN–), acetaldehyde (HC(O)CH2 –), acetone (CH3C(O)CH2 –), ethyl acetate (CH3CH2OC(O)CH2 –), methanol (CH3O–), and acetic acid (CH3CO2 –). Experimental measurements of the reaction rate constants were made with the flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube technique. Ab initio theoretical calculations were carried out to explore the reaction mechanism and investigate the factors influencing reaction efficiencies, which are largely proportional to reaction exothermicities. Other factors influencing reaction efficiencies include the charge density on the reactive site of the anion, the characteristics of the potential energy surfaces along the approach of the reactants, and angular momentum conservation of the anion-H atom collision.
pH modulation of glucose-induced electrical activity in B-cells: involvement of Na/H and HCO3/Cl antiporters.

Regulation of intracellular pH is an essential function and may be especially significant in the B-cell in which the influence of glucose on electrical activity is modulated by alterations in pH. Two possible regulatory processes have been examined: Na/H and HCO3/Cl exchange, by using inhibitors, an ionophore, and changes of ionic concentrations. In the presence of 11.1mm glucose we found that DIDS, an inhibitor of anion exchange, elicited a dose-response increase in the relative duration of the active phase with an ED50 of 99 μm. Probenecid (0.5mm), an inhibitor of anion fluxes, also augmented the electrical activity (EA) due to glucose. Withdrawal of HCO 3 − elicited constant spike activity followed by a resumption of burst activity with a greater duration of the active phase compared to control. These data are consistent with predicted cellular acidification. However, reduction of Cl − by isethionate substitution produced no marked effect on EA. In contrast, Cl − substitution for Cl− resulted in variable effects characterized by constant spike activity or a decrease in the duration of the active and silent phases along with silent hyperpolarization. Tributyltin, a Cl/OH, ionophore enhanced EA at 0.25 μm with 120mm Cl − , but reduced EA with 10mm Cl− as would be predicted with either cellular acidification or alkalinization, respectively. Amiloride at 100 μm elicited constant spike activity perhaps due to inhibition of Na/H exchange. Reduction of Na + from 142.8 to 40.8mm had a similar effect and enhanced the influence of amiloride. It appears therefore that interference with putative pH regulatory mechanisms in the B-cell are consistent with the hypothesis that cell pH is involved in regulation of EA.
Determination of the Surface Tilt Angle by Attenuated Total Reflection

Thin SiO2 layers prepared by oxidizing an organo-silane in an Ar/O2 rf plasma discharge produce parallel alignment for nematic liquid crystals with essentially zero tilt. In addition, if the rf pla...
Scintillator-CCD camera system light output response to dosimetry parameters for proton beam range measurement

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the luminescence light output response in a plastic scintillator irradiated by a 67.5 MeV proton beam using various dosimetry parameters. The relationship of the visible scintillator light with the beam current or dose rate, aperture size and the thickness of water in the water-column was studied. The images captured on a CCD camera system were used to determine optimal dosimetry parameters for measuring the range of a clinical proton beam. The method was developed as a simple quality assurance tool to measure the range of the proton beam and compare it to (a) measurements using two segmented ionization chambers and water column between them, and (b) with an ionization chamber (IC-18) measurements in water. We used a block of plastic scintillator that measured 5×5×5 cm3 to record visible light generated by a 67.5 MeV proton beam. A high-definition digital video camera Moticam 2300 connected to a PC via USB 2.0 communication channel was used to record images of scintillation luminescence. The brightness of the visible light was measured while changing beam current and aperture size. The results were analyzed to obtain the range and were compared with the Bragg peak measurements with an ionization chamber. The luminescence light from the scintillator increased linearly with the increase of proton beam current. The light output also increased linearly with aperture size. The relationship between the proton range in the scintillator and the thickness of the water column showed good linearity with a precision of 0.33 mm (SD) in proton range measurement. For the 67.5 MeV proton beam utilized, the optimal parameters for scintillator light output response were found to be 15 nA (16 Gy/min) and an aperture size of 15 mm with image integration time of 100 ms. The Bragg peak depth brightness distribution was compared with the depth dose distribution from ionization chamber measurements and good agreement was observed. The peak/plateau ratio observed for the scintillator was found to be 2.21 as compared to the ionization chamber measurements of 3.01. The response of a scintillator block–CCD camera in 67.5 MeV proton beam was investigated. A linear response was seen between light output and beam current as well as aperture size. The relation between the thickness of water in the water column and the measured range also showed linearity. The results from the scintillator response was used to develop a simple approach to measuring the range and the Bragg peak of a proton beam by recording the visible light from a scintillator block with an accuracy of less than 0.33 mm. Optimal dosimetry parameters for our proton beam were evaluated. It is observed that this method can be used to confirm the range of a proton beam during daily treatment and will be useful as daily QA measurement for proton beam therapy.
Multiple Acute Disturbances Evoke Cumulative Physiological Stress Responses in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Abstract The corticosteroid and hyperglycemic stress responses to multiple acute disturbances were cumulative in juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. This was demonstrated by the stepwise pattern of increased plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations in fish subjected to a 30-s handling stress applied repeatedly at 3-h intervals over 6 h. The accumulation of physiological stress responses was substantiated by the resultant combined effects of these repeated disturbances on changes in concentrations of plasma lactate and of ionic sodium and potassium, and on the rate of decline of hepatic glycogen concentrations, all of which were greater than those that followed a single handling. Healthy fish appeared more able than diseased fish to elevate plasma cortisol after each of the three successive disturbances, but plasma glucose concentrations following the repeated handlings were higher in the unhealthy fish. As judged from plasma cortisol and glucose responses in fish subjected to a single 30-s...
A study of spectrum fatigue crack propagation in two aluminum alloys—I. Spectrum simplification

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of two commercial Al alloys was studied using spectrum loading conditions characteristics of those encountered at critical locations in high performance fighter aircraft. A tension dominated (TD) and tension compression (TC) spectrum were employed for each alloy. Using a mechanics-based analysis, it was suggested that negative loads could be eliminated for the TC spectrum for low to intermediate maximum stress intensities. The suggestion was verified by subsequent testing. Using fractographic evidence, it was suggested that a further similification in the spectra could be accomplished by eliminating low and intermediate peak load points resulting in near or below threshold maximum peak stress intensity values. It is concluded that load interactions become more important at higher stress intensities and more plasticity at the crack tip. These results suggest that a combined mechanics/fractographic mechanisms approach can be used to simplify other complex spectra.
Feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum with two different bacterial concentrations to neonatal dairy calves.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum of different bacterial counts on passive transfer of immunity in neonatal dairy calves. First milking colostrum was collected from Holstein cows, frozen at –20°C, and then thawed and pooled into a single batch. One-third of the pooled colostrum was transferred into plastic containers and frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding (unheated-low bacteria). Another third was heat-treated at 60°C for 30min and then frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding (heat-treated). The final third of colostrum was transferred into plastic containers, stored at 20°C for bacteria to grow for 24h (unheated-high bacteria), and then frozen at –20°C until needed for feeding. A total of 30 Holstein bull calves weighing ≥30kg at birth were systematically enrolled into 1 of the 3 treatment groups. Calves were separated from their dams at birth before suckling occurred. Before colostrum was fed, a jugular blood sample was collected from each calf. The first feeding consisted of 3.8L of colostrum containing, on average, 68g of IgG/L using an esophageal feeder between 1.5 and 2h after birth. For the second and third feeding pasteurized whole milk at 5% of birth weight was fed. Blood samples were collected before colostrum feeding and at 24 and 48h of age to determine serum total protein (STP) and IgG concentrations. Heat treatment of colostrum at 60°C for 30min reduced colostrum bacteria concentration yet maintained colostral IgG concentration and viscosity at similar levels to the control treatment. Calves fed heat-treated colostrum had significantly greater STP and IgG concentrations at 24h and greater apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) of IgG (STP=62.5g/L; IgG=26.7g/L; AEA=43.9%) compared with calves fed unheated-low bacteria colostrum (STP=57.0g/L; IgG=20.2g/L; AEA=35.4%) or unheated-high bacteria colostrum (STP=56.2g/L; IgG=20.1g/L; AEA=32.4%). High bacteria load in colostrum did not interfere with total protein or IgG absorption or AEA.
Short-term predictability of weather radar quantities and lightning activity

Accurate, spatially specific, and temporally extended short-term automated forecasts (nowcasts) of lightning activity are of great interest to the preservation of life and resources for a multitude of applications. This paper presents a study to provide insight into the best manner and extent to nowcast lightning activity to a desired location. Radar quantities whose observations have previously been shown to be reliable precursors of lightning activity are nowcasted to introduce a concept of total lead time, whereby these nowcasts can potentially be used to nowcast lightning activity to a desired upstream site (e.g., airport, stadium, etc.). This study extends previous work by analyzing the correlation structure between nowcasts of radar and lightning quantities in Lagrangian space, giving insight into the manner and extent to which lightning activity at a desired location can be nowcasted.
Involvement of RecB-mediated (but not RecF-mediated) repair of DNA double-strand breaks in the γ-radiation production of long deletions in Escherichia coli

Abstract Experiments were designed to determine the association between the repair of γ-radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and the induction of 700–1000 bp long deletions (Lac − → Lac + ), base substitutions ( leuB 19 → Leu + ), and frameshifts ( trpE 9777 → Trp + ) in Escherichia coli K-12. Over the range of 2.5–20 krad, deletions were induced with linear kinetics, as has been shown for the induction of DSB, while the induction kinetics of base substitutions and frameshifts were curvilinear. Like the repair of DSB, deletion induction showed an absolute requirement for an intact recB gene as well as a dependency on the type of preirradiation growth medium; these requirements were not seen for base substitutions or frameshifts. In addition, about 80% of the spontaneous deletions were absent in the recB21 strain. A recC1001 mutation, which confers a “hyper-Rec” phenotype, increased the rate of γ-radiation-induced deletions as well as the low-dose production of base substitutions and frameshifts. A recF143 mutation increased the yield of γ-radiation-induced deletions without increasing base substitutions or frameshifts. A mutS mutation markedly enhanced the γ-radiation induction of frameshifts, and had a slight effect on base substitutions, but did not affect the induction of deletions. Resistance to γ-irradiation and the capacity to repair DSB (albeit at about half the normal rate) were restored to the radiosensitive recB21 strain by the addition of the sbcB215 and sbcC201 mutations. However, the radioresistant recB sbcBC strain, which is recombination proficient via the RecF pathway, was still grossly deficient in the ability to produce deletions. A model for deletion induction as a by-product of the recB -dependent (Chi-dependent) repair of γ-radiation-induced DSB is discussed, as is the inability to detect deletions in cells that use only the recF -dependent (Chi-independent) mechanism to repair DSB.
Improving control and delivery of coils and stents and management of malpositioned coils and stents

Abstract Coils and stents are now commonly used by interventional pediatric cardiologists. With few exceptions, definitive control of these devices is not available, and embolization or malposition is frequently a procedural risk. Many strategies and techniques have been developed to improve control in the placement of these devices, and also to retrieve or deal with embolized devices. This paper reviews many of these strategies and techniques.
Behavioral control by the orbital prefrontal cortex: reversal of fortune

A study shows that selective lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex in macaques spare behavioral flexibility and emotional processing but impair a test of outcome expectation, suggesting that some psychiatric disorders ascribed to a disrupted orbital prefrontal cortex may instead be caused by more widespread dysfunction.
Long-term transgene expression in mouse neural progenitor cells modified with phiC31 integrase.

Stem cells can potentially be utilized in combined gene/cell therapies for neural diseases. We examined the ability of the non-viral ϕC31 integrase system to promote stable transgene expression in mouse neural progenitor cells (mNPCs). ϕC31 integrase catalyzes the sequence-specific integration of attB-containing plasmids into pseudo attP sites in mammalian genomes, to produce long-term transgene expression. We achieved gene transfer by co-nucleofection of a plasmid carrying the luciferase marker gene and an attB site and a plasmid expressing integrase in mNPCs that had been generated in a neurosphere preparation. Luciferase expression was quantified in live cells for 8 weeks, revealing persistence of gene expression. Sequence-specific integration at a preferred pseudo attP site in the mouse genome was detected by using PCR. Furthermore, sustained transgene expression was demonstrated in genetically modified NPCs that were cultured in conditions that promoted either growth or differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. Our results demonstrate that the ϕC31 integrase system produces stable transgene expression in adult mNPCs and their progeny and may be useful in strategies for combating neurodegenerative disorders.
An efficient family-based association test using multiple markers

In genetic association studies, multiple markers are usually employed to cover a genomic region of interest for localizing a trait locus. In this report, we propose a novel multi-marker family-based association test (TLC) that linearly combines the single-marker test statistics using data-driven weights. We examine the type-I error rate in a numerical study and compare its power to identify a common trait locus using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the same haplotype block that the trait locus resides with three competing tests including a global haplotype test (TH), a multi-marker test similar to the Hotelling-T2 test for the population-based data (TMM), and a single-marker test with Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing (TB). The type-I error rate of TLC is well maintained in our numeric study. In all the scenarios we examined, TLC is the most powerful, followed by TB. TMM and TH are the poorest. TH and TMM have essentially the same power when parents are available. However, when both parents are missing, TMM is substantially more powerful than TH. We also apply this new test on a data set from a previous association study on nicotine dependence. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical Attractiveness and Sexual Harassment: Does Every Picture Tell a Story or Every Story Draw a Picture?1

The role of physical attractiveness in perceptions of sexual harassment (SH) was investigated in two studies. In the first study, 164 undergraduates were given a complainant's description of either a verbal or physical incident of SH. Photographs varying physical attractiveness of the alleged harasser and victim were provided. Results showed gender differences in perceptions of incident characteristics and an attractiveness bias for both harasser and victim. There was evidence that characteristics of the setting affected ratings of physical attractiveness. A second study with 211 undergraduates, utilized a formal grievance paradigm with attractiveness varied through verbal labels in the complaint. Results showed gender differences in perceptions, as well as a tendency for subjects to identify more with same gender stimulus persons.
Characterizations of fuzzy interval graphs

Abstract We use the min operator to define the fuzzy intersection graph of a family of fuzzy sets and explore relationships between properties of this fuzzy graph and its family of cut level graphs. We show that each fuzzy graph without loops is the intersection graph of some family of fuzzy sets. We show that the characterization of interval graphs by Gilmore and Hoffman naturally extends to fuzzy interval graphs while that of Fulkerson and Gross does not.
ThomsonONE.com Investment Banking

ThomsonONE.com Investment Banking for academic institutions is a financial research database from Thomson Reuters. Introduced in 2011, it replaces and upgrades the old Thomson ONE Banker platform. ...
Observation of motional-field-induced ripples in the photodetachment cross section of H-

A ripplelike structure in the photodetachment cross section of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ near threshold, arising from autocorrelation in the wave function of the photoelectron in the presence of motional electric fields, is observed.