cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
{TRIST}: Circumventing Censorship with Transcoding-Resistant Image Steganography

We explore the viability of extending state-of-the-art image steganography techniques for bypassing censorship. Our quest for a scalable steganographic technique, which is robust against automated transcoders that reformat images in-flight, led to the implementation of a prototype system called TRIST1 that embeds data by selectively modifying bits in the frequency domain of the image. By choosing heavily quantized frequency components at low JPEG quality values, we can robustly embed information within images, and demonstrate how this information survives a number of transformations, including transcoding to higher JPEG quality levels and other perturbations, such as image resizing (within bounds). We evaluate our system by building a prototype of a transcoding-resistant steganography library that we integrate with StegoTorus [36]. Our evaluations demonstrate that StegoTorus integrated with TRIST provides reasonable bandwidth capable of supporting basic web surfing along with transcoding resilience. Finally, we describe how our system can be adapted to counter state-of-theart statistical attacks such as blockiness detectors.
Herpesviruses, Cytokines, and Cancer

Herpesviruses are large, enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses, which are characterized by their ability to cause mild acute infections followed by lifelong latency in the host and periodic episodes of reactivation. The herpesviridae family is subdivided, based on their biologic properties, into the α-, β-, and γ-herpesvirinae and can be found in a wide variety of species (1).Of the eight human herpesviruses (HHV) identified to date, only two have been clearly shown to be oncogenic: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, or HHV-4) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; also termed Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV). Both viruses belong to the γ-herpesvirus subfamily, but are further subdivided as a lymphocryptovirus (EBV) or a rhadinovirus (HHV-8). They can infect cells of lymphoid origin, particularly B-cells, but also have a tropism for other cell types, such as epithelial cells for EBV and endothelial cells for HHV-8. Infection of susceptible cells with either of these herpesviruses results in the triggering of both a humoral and cellular immune response, which includes the expression of numerous cellular cytokines. Interestingly, in addition to inducing host cytokines, both EBV and HHV-8 encode homologues to cellular cytokines and their expression is important in both modulation of the host’s immune response to infection as well as viral-induced pathogenesis. In this chapter we will review cytokine responses, both virally encoded and cellular, that are produced as a result of EBV or HHV-8 infection focusing on those identified as having a potential role in carcinogenesis.
Locally advanced prostate cancer: A population-based study of treatment patterns and predictors

6606 Background: Treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer (LA PCa) is controversial, but recent trial results demonstrate superior outcomes for combination therapy compared to monotherapy. We ...
A normative approach to motivating savings behavior: the moderating effects of attention to social comparison information

Research examining the influence of social norms on motivating savings behavior is scarce. The current study tested social norm effects in conjunction with benefit information and the moderating role of attention to social comparison information (ATSCI) when responding to public service advertisements (PSAs) promoting savings behavior. Results from two experiments, testing positive and negative social norm information, respectively, support the argument that lower ATSCI individuals exhibit greater intellectual autonomy and discernment of information, especially regarding norm information, while higher ATSCI individuals generally demonstrate greater social compliance tendencies. Implications for theory development and enhancing savings campaigns are discussed.
Identifying Predictors of Extracapsular Extension (ECE) in Patients Considering Primary Surgery for Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC)

145; Table 1 Percentage of patients with extracapsular extension by size and number of involved nodes. Raw numbers in parentheses. No. of involved nodes Lymph node size 2.0 cm 2.1-3.0 cm 3.1-4.0 cm >4.0 cm 1 20.0 (1/5) 9.1 (1/11) 18.8 (3/16) 0 (0/10) 2 40.0 (2/5) 54.5 (6/11) 36.4 (4/11) 66.7 (6/9) Volume 94 Number 4 2016 Posters 889 We used the following questionnaires: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 (general QOL), EORTC H&N-35 (head and neckespecific QOL), EAT-10 (swallowing), and NDII (neck dissection impairment index). We compared post-CRT and post-ND composite and itemized scores using 2-tailed t tests. Results: Thirty-eight enrolled patients had a neck dissection, performed at a median of 9 weeks post-CRT. Pretreatment N stage was 10 N1/N2a, 23 N2b, and 5 N2c. Median number of levels dissected was 2 (range, 1-6) and median number of nodes dissected was 12 (range, 1-46). Five patients had bilateral ND. Median time from ND to postoperative assessment was 2 months (range, 1-7 months) for acute and 18 months (range, 8-37 months) for late timepoints. There was a significant worsening of the neck dissection impairment index (NDII) score from post-CRT to acute (87.4 vs 80.2, PZ.023) but not late (PZ.558) post-ND timepoints. The acute decrease in the NDII was greater in patients with >12 nodes dissected (PZ.007) and was overall correlated with the total number of nodes dissected (Spearman PZ.027). Overall EORTC-QLQ-C30, H&N-35, and EAT-10 scores did not worsen post-ND. Conclusion: The use of post-CRT selective neck dissection did not worsen general (EORTC QLQ-C30), head and neckespecific (EORTC QLQ-H&N 35), or swallowing (EAT-10) QOL scores. An instrument designed to assess the specific impact of neck dissection (NDII) on QOL did show a significant decrease in acute, but not late NDII QOL score after neck dissection with a greater acute decrement associated with a higher number of dissected nodes. Author Disclosure: K. Wang: None. R.J. Amdur: None. W.M. Mendenhall: None. R. Green: None. S. Aumer: None. T. Hackman: None. A. Zanation: None. J.P. Zevallos: None. S. Patel: None. M. Weissler: None. B.S. Chera: None.
Using study data to determine whether being sued for medical malpractice correlates with greater subsequent expenditure

Jena and colleagues confirm what most have long suspected—expensive medicine is less risky medicine.1 Greater expenditure correlates with reduced risk of subsequent medical malpractice claims. …
Pollinator behavioural responses to reward size in Lobelia deckenii: no escape from pollen limitation of seed set.

1 Lobelia deckenii, an endemic giant rosette species of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, is pollinator-limited in seed set. I investigate how quality and quantity of floral rewards affect behaviour of the nectar-foraging birds that pollinate L. deckenii, to determine if enhanced floral rewards could make the lobelia sufficiently attractive to overcome pollinator limitation of female success. 2 Experimental sucrose solutions were introduced into flowers in a range of concentrations and volumes. Enhanced rewards increased the visitation rate of one of the two pollinator species (Nectarinia johnstoni, scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird). However, based on previous studies of the way in which pollinator behaviour affects seed set in this lobelia species, the increased visitation is expected to be insufficient to produce full seed set. 3 Moreover, enhanced rewards promoted territorial defence of the experimental inflorescences by Nectarinia johnstoni. Defence by these sunbirds reduced visitation rates by the second pollinator, a behaviourally subordinate species (Cercomela sordida, mountain chat), which contributes substantially to pollination of Lobelia deckenii. Permanent sunbird territoriality might also reduce gene flow in the lobelia population, and reduce offspring quality in any mutant lobelias offering richer nectar. As a result, the potential benefits of greater floral rewards, even to the point of very rich nectar, are probably small, and the potential costs due to sunbird territoriality may outweigh any benefits. 4 This study suggests that the relation between attractive investment and fitness gains in Lobelia deckenii is not a monotonically increasing function, and that selection may favour low quality rewards even with concurrent pollinator limitation of female success.
Inquiry, Multidisciplinary Languages, and Connections: In the Context of Qualitative Research Methodology.

This article examines the ways in which art and aesthetics provide powerful and rich models for inquiry and connection, facilitating fresh perception, conceptualization, and engagement in qualitative research. The very engagement with research parallels the engagement with the arts. In this engagement, problem setting and problem solving, the conceptual and the embodied, the analytic and the holistic, are interconnected and interdependent. This article discusses a specific pedagogy used in the author's research courses to develop and nurture this inquiring mindset: a museum activity around consonant and dissonant artworks (‘bounded systems’) that targets the skills of observation and conceptualization, the identification of relevant contexts for inquiry, and the generation of directions for further inquiry.
Virtual Repair: Geometric Reconstruction for Remanufacturing Gas Turbine Blades

The usage of Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) technology for repairing defective voids in high-value metallic components is time consuming, since traditional geometric reconstruction methods are not seamlessly connected to the DMD process. Here, we consider the development of a semi-automated geometric algorithm for “virtually” repairing defective voids that appear on gas turbine airfoils after extensive use. Our method produces an accurately reconstructed geometric model that can be used for generating DMD scanning paths, while ensuring both dimensional accuracy and topological consistency required by the airfoil design. This model is constructed by using the Sectional Gauss Map concept to generate a series of Prominent Cross Sections (PCS) along the longitudinal axis of a digitally acquired defective airfoil. The intrinsic geometry of the PCS lying in the non-defective region is then extrapolated across the defective region to fill in the voids. A boolean difference between the original defective model and the final reconstructed model yields a fully parameterized geometric representation of the repair volume. The test results of this method demonstrate the algorithm’s robustness and versatility over a wide range of airfoil defects.
Archaeopodagrion Bilobata, N. Sp., from Central Ecuador (Odonata: Megapodagrioninae)

This paper supplements Kennedy, 1939, “ Archaeopodagrion bicorne , a very primitive dragonfly from Eastern Ecuador,” Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32: 32-43. The review of the pertinent literature attached to that paper will cover this article. Bicorne was given its own genus, Archaeopodagrion , because it showed characters which indicated relationships between two groups of genera of the South American Megapodagrioninae.
Cultural Variations in the Effect of Interview Privacy and the Need for Social Conformity on Reporting Sensitive Information

Privacy is an important feature of the interview interaction mainly due to its potential effect on reporting information, especially sensitive information. Here we examine the effect of third-party presence on reporting both sensitive and relatively neutral outcomes. We investigate whether the effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the respondent’s need for social conformity and the respondent’s country of residence. Three types of outcomes are investigated: behavioral, attitudinal, and relatively neutral health events. Using data from 22,070 interviews and nine countries in the cross-national World Mental Health Survey Initiative, we fit multilevel logistic regression to study reporting effects on questions about suicidal behavior and marital ratings, and contrast these with questions about having high blood pressure, asthma, or arthritis. We find that there is an effect of third-party presence on reporting sensitive information and no effect on reporting of neutral information. Further, the effect of the interview privacy setting on reporting sensitive information is moderated by the need for social conformity and the cultural setting.
Abstract TP264: ST2 Signaling is Essential in Restricting Acute Ischemic Brain Injury

Background and Purpose: ST2, a member of the interleukin 1 receptor family, and its ligand interleukin 33 (IL-33) play critical roles in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. The engagement of ST2 has been shown to reduce myocardial infarction and preserve heart function. Recent study documented an increase in blood ST2 expression after stroke. The exact roles of ST2 in the ischemic brain injury, however, are not explored. Methods: C57/BL6 wild type and ST2 knockout mice were subjected to 60-minute transient cerebral ischemia (tMCAO). The expression of ST2 and IL-33 in the ischemic brain was measured at different time points after tMCAO using RT-PCR. Brain infarct was quantified using TTC staining and MAP2 immunostaing. Neurobehavioral tests were performed up to 14 days after tMCAO. Differences of immune cell components in blood, spleen, bone marrow and brain between wild type and ST2 knockout mice were assessed by flow cytometry analysis. For experiments with ST2 activation, IL-33 was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into wide type mice right after the induction of tMCAO. Results: In wild type mice, the mRNA expression of ST2 in the ischemic brainexhibited a delayed elevation 7d after tMCAO, while the mRNA expression of IL-33 was transiently increased 1d after tMCAO. The deficiency of ST2 resulted in enlarged infarct volume 3d after tMCAO and aggravated neurological deficits lasted out to 14d. The worsened stroke outcome was accompanied by dramatic changes in the number of Th1, Th2 and regulatory T cells in the spleen, bone marrow and brain. Further study showed that either i.p. or i.c.v. injection of IL-33 at the time of reperfusion attenuated the severity of brain infarct in wide type mice, suggesting that both systemic and central activation of ST2 could protect against acute ischemic brain injury. Conclusions: ST2/IL-33 signaling plays an essential role in restricting acute ischemic brain injury. Such protective effect of ST2/IL-33 involves both immune regulation in the peripheral immune system and a direct protection within the central nervous system. Our study may provide a new therapeutic target for stroke treatment.
Analysis of vaginal microecosystem in gynecology outpatients

Objective To study vaginal microecosystem in gynecology outpatient in Xiamen.Method 4,816 cases of vaginal secretion from gynecology outpatients were checked for the indice including cleanness,candida and trichomonad et al.Result There was a high rate of colpitis(54.92%),and even higher rate of microdysbiosis(60.86%);Colpitis or maladjustment of vaginal colony were found in some of the women who accepted routine medical examination.Conclusion The status of vaginal microecosystem in gynecology outpatients is harsh;The 6 indice for rapid detection of vaginal microecosystem are easy,fast and practical for extensive application.
Pulmonary function tests correlated with thoracic volumes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Scoliosis deformity has been linked with deleterious changes in the thoracic cavity that affect pulmonary function. The causal relationship between spinal deformity and pulmonary function has yet to be fully defined. It has been hypothesized that deformity correction improves pulmonary function by restoring both respiratory muscle efficiency and increasing the space available to the lungs. This research aims to correlate pulmonary function and thoracic volume before and after scoliosis correction. Retrospective correlational analysis between thoracic volume modeling from plain x-rays and pulmonary function tests was conducted. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients enrolled in a multicenter database were sorted by pre-operative Total Lung Capacities (TLC) % predicted values from their Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT). Ten patients with the best and ten patients with the worst TLC values were included. Modeled thoracic volume and TLC values were compared before and 2 years after surgery. Scoliosis correction resulted in an increase in the thoracic volume for patients with the worst initial TLCs (11.7%) and those with the best initial TLCs (12.5%). The adolescents with the most severe pulmonary restriction prior to surgery strongly correlated with post-operative change in total lung capacity and thoracic volume (r2 = 0.839; p < 0.001). The mean increase in thoracic volume in this group was 373.1 cm3 (11.7%) which correlated with a 21.2% improvement in TLC. Scoliosis correction in adolescents was found to increase thoracic volume and is strongly correlated with improved TLC in cases with severe restrictive pulmonary function, but no correlation was found in cases with normal pulmonary function. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:175-182, 2017.
Cerebrovascular Complications of Pediatric Pneumococcal Meningitis in the PCV13 Era

### Case 1 A previously healthy, full-term 5-month-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of fever to 103°F, emesis, poor feeding, and progressive lethargy. She had recently started day care. The patient had received her routine 2- and 4-month childhood vaccines on schedule, including the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Initial examination revealed decreased responsiveness, rightward gaze preference, decreased movement of the left side, and positive Brudzinski sign. Laboratory testing is as in Table 1. Ceftriaxone and vancomycin were started at meningitic dosing. Cerebrospinal fluid grew Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 33F, a nonvaccine serotype. View this table: TABLE 1 Laboratory Testing ### Case 2 A previously healthy 21-month-old boy presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of fever to 103°F, emesis, cough, and lethargy. Rapid influenza testing was positive for influenza A, and oseltamivir was started. History was notable for day care attendance and multiple sick contacts. He was fully immunized, including PCV13. The next morning, he had a brief seizure with eye deviation and generalized convulsions, and became obtunded. Simultaneously, blood culture grew gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains. He returned to the emergency department, where he had right-sided weakness, posturing, rightward eye deviation, and meningismus as well as further seizures requiring lorazepam and fosphenytoin. Laboratory testing is as in Table 1. Ceftriaxone and vancomycin were started at meningitic dosing. Cerebrospinal fluid grew S pneumoniae serotype 15B, a nonvaccine serotype. ### Question: What are possible causes of altered mental status, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits in a febrile child, and what further evaluation should be performed? ### Discussion Lethargy, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits immediately raise concern for bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis, even …
Towards ontology-based program analysis

Program analysis is fundamental for program optimizations, debugging, and many other tasks. But developing program analyses has been a challenging and error-prone process for general users. Declarative program analysis has shown the promise to dramatically improve the productivity in the development of program analyses. Current declarative program analysis is however subject to some major limitations in supporting cooperations among analysis tools, guiding program optimizations, and often requires much effort for repeated program preprocessing. In this work, we advocate the integration of ontology into declarative program analysis. As a way to standardize the definitions of concepts in a domain and the representation of the knowledge in the domain, ontology offers a promising way to address the limitations of current declarative program analysis. We develop a prototype framework named PATO for conducting program analysis upon ontology-based program representation. Experiments on six program analyses confirm the potential of ontology for complementing existing declarative program analysis. It supports multiple analyses without separate program preprocessing, promotes cooperative Liveness analysis between two compilers, and effectively guides a data placement optimization for Graphic Processing Units (GPU).
Agricultural soil redistribution and landscape complexity

A number of hypotheses and conceptual models, particularly those emphasizing nonlinear dynamics and self-organization, postulate increases or decreases in complexity in the evolution of drainage basins, topography, soils, ecosystems, and other earth surface systems. Accordingly, it is important to determine under what circumstances and at what scales either trend might occur. This paper is concerned with changes in soil landscape complexity due to redistribution of sediment by fluvial, aeolian, and tillage processes at historical time scales in an agricultural field system near Grifton, North Carolina. Soil mapping and soil stratigraphic investigations were used to identify and map soil changes associated with erosion and deposition by water, wind, and tillage; reconstruct the pre-agricultural soil pattern; and identify transformations between soil types. The Kolmogorov entropy of the pre- and post- agricultural landscapes was then compared. The soil transformations associated with erosion and deposition created four distinct new soils and made possible new transformations among soil series, increasing the number of soil types from seven to 11 and the number of possible transformations from 14 to 22. However, the entropy and complexity of the soil landscape decreased, with associated increases in information and redundancy. The mass redistributions created a lower-entropy landscape by concentrating particular soils and soil transformations in specific landscape settings. This result is contrary to studies showing a trend toward increasing pedological complexity at comparable spatial scales, but over much longer time scales. These results point to the importance of temporal scale, and to the fact that environmental complexity is influenced by factors other than the number of different landscape units present.
On approximate pattern matching with thresholds

Abstract In the traditional version of the problem of approximate pattern matching, a pattern symbol is considered to match a text symbol if the two symbols are equal. Such a notion of exact equality is not suitable for situations where the text and pattern symbols are imprecise, e.g., obtained from an analog source, distorted by additive noise, etc. In such situations it is more appropriate to consider two alphabet symbols to match even if they are not equal, as long as they do not differ by more than a given threshold θ. The goal is then to compute the number of matches of the length-M pattern with all length-M substrings of the length-N text, i.e., to compute a vector of N − M + 1 scores, where the ith score is the number of matches between the pattern and the substring that begins at text position i. The main result of this paper is to show that this threshold version of the problem can be solved by recursively solving 3 + 2 log ⁡ θ instances of the traditional (i.e., zero-threshold) version of the problem, which is much-studied in the literature and for which there are many efficient (typically randomized) solutions of time complexity close to O ( N log ⁡ M ) . This paper's result therefore implies the first randomized O ( N log ⁡ M ( log ⁡ θ + 1 ) ) solution for the threshold version of the problem. It also implies that any future improvement to the traditional (zero-threshold) version of the problem automatically translates into a similar improvement to the arbitrary-threshold case. Furthermore, we show that the factor Ω ( log ⁡ θ ) is tight if use our recursive framework.
SATB2/β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway induces cellular transformation by generating cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer

Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells (CSC) in transformation, cancer progression and metastasis. The main goal of this paper was to examine the molecular mechanisms by which SATB2 induced malignant transformation of colorectal epithelial cells. SATB2 induced malignant transformation and these transformed cells gained the characteristics of CSCs by expressing stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, LGR5 and DCLK1) and transcription factors (c-Myc, Nanog and Sox2). Overexpression of SATB2 in normal colorectal epithelial cells increased cell motility, migration and invasion, which were associated with an increase in N-cadherin and Zeb1, and decrease in E-cadherin expression. SATB2 overexpression also upregulated XIAP and cyclin D1, suggesting its role in cell survival and cell cycle. Furthermore, the expression of SATB2 was positively correlated with β-catenin expression in CRC. In contrary, depletion of SATB2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell motility and expression of β-catenin, Snail, Slug, Zeb1 and N-cadherin, and upregulated E-cadherin. Furthermore, SATB2 silencing inhibited the expression of stem cell markers, pluripotency maintaining transcription factors, cell cycle and cell proliferation/survival genes and TCF/LEF targets. Finally, β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway mediated the biological effects of SATB2 in CSCs. These studies support the role of SATB2/β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway in transformation and carcinogenesis.
Entrepreneurial Firm Success in Corporate Venture Capital

The success of corporate venture capital investments and the antecedents to such success have been examined from multiple perspectives. The literature identifies the entrepreneurial firm’s fear of ...
The early social significance of shared ritual actions

Many rituals are socially stipulated such that engaging in a group's rituals can fundamentally signal membership in that group. Here, we asked whether infants infer information about people's social affiliation based on whether those people perform the same ritualistic action versus different actions. We presented 16-month-old infants with two people who used the same object to achieve the same goal: turning on a light. In a first study, the actions that the actors used to turn on the light had key properties of ritual: they were not causally necessary to reach the overall goal, and there were no features of the situation that required doing the particular actions. We varied whether the two actors performed the same action or performed different actions to turn on the light. Infants expected people who used the same ritualistic action to be more likely to affiliate than people who used different actions. A second study indicated that these results were not due to perceptual similarity: when the differences in the actors' actions were not marked by properties of ritual, but were instead due to situational constraints, infants expected the actors to affiliate. Thus, infants understand the social significance of people engaging in common, potentially ritualistic actions, and expect these actions to provide information about third-party social relationships.
Misogyny in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

Through an analysis of media discourse, Harp offers evidence of cultural misogyny during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Her analysis includes an examination of signs and T-shirts displayed by supporters of then Republican hopeful Donald Trump, the misogyny displayed by the BernieBros—a particularly vocal group of Bernie Sanders supporters—and the ways misogynistic ageism made its ways into the media conversation. Harp then spotlights the media discourse regarding a recording in which Trump is heard talking about grabbing a woman by the “pussy” and hitting on a married woman. Not only does Harp analyze the ways misogyny appeared in media covering the election, she illustrates ways feminist ideologies counter the patriarchal discourse. She uses the example to illustrate how a battle for ideology—traditional patriarchy versus feminism—occurs in public discourse.
Nursing Case Management Strategies for Adults with Serious Mental Illness Seeking Dental Services.

A university-community partnership initiated a dental screening and nursing case management program for Medicaid-insured adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Forty-three adults with SMI partic...
Sex, France, and Arab Men, 1962–1979

Todd Shepard's seminal Invention of Decolonization (2006) argued that in the final years and immediate aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962, French leaders retroactively pretended that Algeri...
Cognitive and Affective Eye Tracking Metrics for Detecting Insider Threat: A Study of Simulated Espionage

Insider Threat (IT) is a growing cybersecurity issue. Countermeasures based on cognitive engineering may utilize diagnostic eye fixation responses indicative of insider intent, elicited by Active I...
Embracing the New Transformation Through Team Approach

Increasing focus on improving outcomes at lower costs is contributing to a more complex inpatient environment. Sicker patients, quicker pace, and expanding treatment options necessitate highly effective teams. These factors can also create inherent challenges to team performance given the complexity of teams, dispersion of patients, necessity for effective communication, and paucity of team training. Measuring the quality and efficacy of teamwork can be challenging as well. In this chapter we will propose several methods to optimize teamwork in today’s hospital. Ideally, recognizing barriers to teamwork and using a combination of approaches to facilitate these complex interactions will lead to improved patient outcomes.
The future of an illusion.

Two reports ([1,2][1]) in this issue of the Journal describe the results of the PROTECT–TIMI-30 (Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Relative Protection Against Post-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Microvascular Dysfunction, Ischemia, and Inflammation Among Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Agents
Annals On Call - COVID-19: Is Chloroquine the Answer?

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the evidence that generated interest in the potential role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.
The small GTPase Rab32 resides on lysosomes to regulate mTORC1 signaling.

Epithelial cells such as liver-resident hepatocytes rely heavily on the Rab family of small GTPases to perform membrane trafficking events that dictate cell physiology and metabolism. Not surprisingly, disruption of several Rabs can manifest in metabolic diseases or cancer. Rab32 is expressed in many secretory epithelial cells but its role in cellular metabolism is virtually unknown. In this study, we find that Rab32 associates with lysosomes and regulates proliferation and cell size of Hep3B hepatoma and HeLa cells. Specifically, we identify that Rab32 supports mTORC1 signaling under basal and amino acid stimulated conditions. Consistent with inhibited mTORC1, an increase in nuclear TFEB localization and lysosome biogenesis is also observed in Rab32-depleted cells. Finally, we find that Rab32 interacts with mTOR kinase and that loss of Rab32 reduces the association of mTOR and mTORC1 pathway proteins with lysosomes, suggesting that Rab32 regulates lysosomal mTOR trafficking. In summary, these findings suggest that Rab32 functions as a novel regulator of cellular metabolism through supporting mTORC1 signaling.
Flux creep and critcal-current anisotropy in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ

We have studied magnetic relaxation, temperature dependence of the critical currents, magnetic irreversibility, and lower critical fields in single crystals of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (idealized composition) through magnetization measurements. The results are analyzed within the framework of the critical state and a thermally activated flux-creep model. The results indicate three different critical curents and flux-creep rates depending on the relative orientation of the current, the field, and the Cu-O planes. The flux-creep rate for flux lines moving perpendicular to the planes, was found to be unobservably low. Similarly, the critical current density perpendicular to the planes was very low. However the critical current density in the plane and the flux-pinning well depth ${U}_{0}$, for fluxon motion parallel to the planes, are similar to the values found in Y-Ba-Cu-O. Implications of insulating layers between the Cu-O planes are discussed.
Folding back in students’ construction of mathematical generalizations within a dynamic geometry environment

In this work, we studied the cognitively recursive process of generalizing relying on data collected from a 2-week constructivist teaching experiment where a group of middle school students were working together to explore and generalize properties of geometric transformations in a dynamic geometry environment. In doing so, we focused on the role of reflection and outcomes of reflective work of learners on their progress towards construction of mathematical generalizations. Relying on the construct of folding back in the Pirie–Kieren theory, we present categories and subcategories that describe sources, forms, and outcomes of students’ reflections in the course of construction and refinement of mathematical generalizations. We then discuss the roles of teacher intervention and technology in motivating and supporting students’ folding back actions. The results of the study not only elaborate on the construct of folding back in the Pirie–Kieren theory but also provide a useful analytical tool to examine learners’ reflective practices.
Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Young Patients with Small Renal Masses: Prospective Data from the DISSRM Registry

Purpose:A paradigm shift in the management of small renal masses has increased utilization of active surveillance. However, questions remain regarding safety and durability in younger patients.Mate...
Life tables of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different cultivated plants

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan species that feeds on numerous cultivated plants and herbaceaus plants. Agrotis ipsilon causes significant economic losses in various agricultural products, especially in indisturial plants and vegetables in Turkey and worldwide. In this study, the effects on the biology and reproductive potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Alef.,Amaranthaceae) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) which are essential host plants of A. ipsilon were investigated under climatized conditions of 28 ± 1 °C, 60% ± 10 r.h., and 16 h daily artificial light. The data obtained were analyzed by using an age-stage two-sex life table. Agrotis ipsilon had five larval stages fed on lettuce, whereas seven larval stages were fed on other host plants. Agrotis ipsilon showed the best development and reproduction on lettuce, followed by sugar beet. When A. ipsilon is reared on lettuce the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1237 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1317 d−1) and net reproductive rate (R0 = 403.06 offspring/individual) were found higher and the mean generation times (T = 48.51 d) is shorter than those in other host plants. According to these results, A. ipsilon can cause the most damage to lettuce among studied plants.
The bc1 complexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus.

Photosynthetic bacteria offer excellent experimental opportunities to explore both the structure and function of the ubiquinol-cytochromec oxidoreductase (bc 1 complex). In bothRhodobacter sphaeroides andRhodobacter capsulatus, thebc 1 complex functions in both the aerobic respiratory chain and as an essential component of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Because thebc 1 complex in these organisms can be functionally coupled to the photosynthetic reaction center, flash photolysis can be used to study electron flow through the enzyme and to examine the effects of various amino acid substitutions. During the past several years, numerous mutations have been generated in the cytochromeb subunit, in the Rieske iron-sulfur subunit, and in the cytochromec 1 subunit. Both site-directed and random mutagenesis procedures have been utilized. Studies of these mutations have identified amino acid residues that are metal ligands, as well as those residues that are at or near either the quinol oxidase (Qo) site or the quinol reductase (Qi) site. The postulate that these two Q-sites are located on opposite sides of the membrane is supported by these studies. Current research is directed at exploring the details of the catalytic mechanism, the nature of the subunit interactions, and the assembly of this enzyme.
Effects of the relative values of alternatives on preference for free‐choice in humans

Organisms often prefer conditions that allow selection among alternatives (free-choice) to conditions that do not (forced-choice), particularly when response alternatives in free-choice produce equal or greater reinforcer magnitudes than those available under forced-choice. We present data on free-choice preference for human participants who gained or lost points by selecting images of cards on a computer screen under a concurrent-chains schedule. Responding during the initial link gained access to a terminal link offering a single-card set (forced-choice) or a three-card set (free-choice). The alternatives in free-choice produced reinforcer magnitudes (points) that were: (a) equal to forced-choice; (b) equal to and greater than forced-choice; and (c) equal to and less than forced-choice. Participants showed reliable preference for free-choice under some conditions; however, preference decreased as reinforcer magnitude for some alternatives in free-choice was reduced. This occurred even though it was possible to obtain the same number of points across free- and forced-choice. Although preference for free-choice was clearly demonstrated, the effect of points available in the terminal link suggests that this phenomenon is subject to modulation by other processes, such as reinforcement or punishment by obtained outcomes in the terminal link. Context (reinforcer-gain or -loss) was not a reliable predictor of preference.
Enhancing the Deformation of Shape Memory Sandwich Panels

Abstract: Composite sandwich panels fabricated using a thermosetting shape memory polymer matrix material and a corresponding thermoset shape memory polymer foam core offer the potential to demonstrate large, recoverable, deformations in otherwise stiff structures, under flexural loading. However, as with flexure of thin, fibre-reinforced shape memory matrix laminates, deflection is limited by fibre compression buckling because of the reduced shape memory matrix stiffness at elevated temperature. A hybrid matrix concept has been developed for sandwich panels loaded in flexure in a single direction. This concept uses a non-shape memory resin as the matrix for a fraction of the plies on the surface of the facesheet loaded in compression. It is predicted that, at the elevated temperatures required for the generation of deformation in the shape memory structural sandwich panel, the shape memory matrix and foam moduli will be substantially reduced, while the modulus of the non-shape memory resin will not. Thus, at elevated temperature this effectively leads to a shift of the neutral axis towards the non-shape memory surface, keeping the low stiffness shape memory matrix material in tension and extending the range of deformation prior to onset of fibre buckling. The experiments performed demonstrate that this hybrid matrix approach enables a three-fold increase in mid-span deformation prior to buckling of fibres in the compression surface plies. Furthermore, the force measured to attain the deformed geometry, at elevated temperature, only increases approximately 10–15%, while the magnitude of the force required remains very low. Thus, the hybrid matrix approach functions as predicted and enables the development of sandwich panel structural elements which can undergo large, recoverable deformations.
Relation of DNA Methylation of 5′-CpG Island of ACSL3 to Transplacental Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Childhood Asthma

In a longitudinal cohort of approximately 700 children in New York City, the prevalence of asthma (>25%) is among the highest in the US. This high risk may in part be caused by transplacental exposure to traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) but biomarkers informative of PAH-asthma relationships is lacking. We here hypothesized that epigenetic marks associated with transplacental PAH exposure and/or childhood asthma risk could be identified in fetal tissues. Mothers completed personal prenatal air monitoring for PAH exposure determination. Methylation sensitive restriction fingerprinting was used to analyze umbilical cord white blood cell (UCWBC) DNA of 20 cohort children. Over 30 DNA sequences were identified whose methylation status was dependent on the level of maternal PAH exposure. Six sequences were found to be homologous to known genes having one or more 5'-CpG island(s) (5'-CGI). Of these, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) exhibited the highest concordance between the extent of methylation of its 5'-CGI in UCWBCs and the level of gene expression in matched fetal placental tissues in the initial 20 cohort children. ACSL3 was therefore chosen for further investigation in a larger sample of 56 cohort children. Methylation of the ACSL3 5'-CGI was found to be significantly associated with maternal airborne PAH exposure exceeding 2.41 ng/m(3) (OR = 13.8; p<0.001; sensitivity = 75%; specificity = 82%) and with a parental report of asthma symptoms in children prior to age 5 (OR = 3.9; p<0.05). Thus, if validated, methylated ACSL3 5'CGI in UCWBC DNA may be a surrogate endpoint for transplacental PAH exposure and/or a potential biomarker for environmentally-related asthma. This exploratory report provides a new blueprint for the discovery of epigenetic biomarkers relevant to other exposure assessments and/or investigations of exposure-disease relationships in birth cohorts. The results support the emerging theory of early origins of later life disease development.
Uniqueness theorems for entire functions of exponential type

Soit f(z) une fonction entiere de type exponentiel τ<π. Soit f(m)=u(m)+iv(m), u(m)=0, m=0,±1,±2,..., |f(m)|<M, m=0,±1,±2,..., et Σ −∞ ∞ |v(m)|<∞. Si u(m+i)=0 sauf sur un ensemble de points de densite <1−(τ/π), alors f(z)≡0
A GENERALIZED IMPEDANCE MATCHING METHOD FOR DETERMINING STRUCTURAL–ACOUSTIC POWER FLOW CONTROL LAWS

Abstract Impedance matching compensators are investigated for structural–acoustic control. The primary method for deriving these compensators is the minimization of acoustic power flow emanating from the structure–acoustic boundary. This work builds upon frequency domain wave control concepts. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of the solution, power flow minimization via Wiener filtering can only be used for extremely simple situations. Therefore, it is recast in a state space formulation that has a wealth of numerical tools, most notably the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design technique. The equivalence between power flow minimization and the solution of the LQG problem is demonstrated on a simple one-dimensional structural–acoustic sample problem. To illustrate the LQG power flow derivation for more realistic systems, it is applied to a two-dimensional sample problem.
An evaluation of methods for linking 3D views

It is common for 3D visualization systems to provide multiple points of view to a user, but there have been many solutions to the problem of linking these views so that users can understand the spatial relationships between them. Toward developing guidelines for view-linking devices, we have carried out two experiments that compare the utility of three different classes of linking devices: a directional proxy, tethers from one view to another, and a track-up map coupling. The task we apply them to is what we call the multi-perspective identification task: subjects are asked to identify an item seen in a local, forward-looking view in the context of a global, overhead view. Our results indicate that the directional proxy is the most beneficial device, and that the track-up map coupling is also beneficial. The results suggest that tethers provide little benefit. The results also suggest that when multiple local views are present, it may be beneficial to emphasize one window as being of primary interest.
Influence of late Holocene hillslope processes and landforms on modern channel dynamics in upland watersheds of central Nevada

Stratigraphic, geomorphic, and paleoecological data were collected from upland watersheds in the Great Basin of central Nevada to assess the relationships between late Holocene climate change, hillslope processes and landforms, and modern channel dynamics. These data indicate that a shift to drier, warmer climatic conditions from approximately 2500 to 1300 YPB led to a complex set of geomorphic responses. The initial response was massive hillslope erosion and the simultaneous aggradation of both side-valley alluvial fans and the axial valley system. The final response was fan stabilization and axial channel incision as fine-grained sediments were winnowed from the hillslope sediment reservoirs, and sediment yield and runoff processes were altered. The primary geomorphic response to disturbance for approximately the past 1900 years has been channel entrenchment, suggesting that the evolutionary history of hillslopes has produced watersheds that are prone to incision. The magnitude of the most recent phase of channel entrenchment varies along the valley floor as a function of geomorphic position relative to side-valley alluvial fans. Radial fan profiles suggest that during fan building, fan deposits temporarily blocked the flow of sediment down the main stem of the valley, commonly creating a stepped longitudinal valley profile. Stream reaches located immediately upvalley of these fans are characterized by low gradients and alternating episodes of erosion and deposition. In contrast, reaches coincident with or immediately downstream of the fans exhibit higher gradients and limited valley floor deposition. Thus, modern channel dynamics and associated riparian ecosystems are strongly influenced by landforms created by depositional events that occurred approximately 2000 years ago.