cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PsychExps: An Online Psychology Laboratory

Publisher Summary PsychExps is an online undergraduate laboratory that is currently available for use. Experiments can be conducted and data collected, just as in traditional labs that use experiment packages or other software for conducting experiments in which students participate as subjects. This chapter discusses the rationale for PsychExps, along with an overview of the technology behind PsychExps. It also highlights the future plans of PsychExps. The interactivity afforded by programs that can be run over the Internet has led to a wealth of online activities. Such sites take experimentation on the Web beyond forms-based data collection to true interaction. Among the obvious advantages of Web-based experiments is that they free students from having to come to a fixed site at a fixed time to perform their lab activities. In addition to convenience, ease of access makes it easier to recruit participants, and data collection can be performed in parallel from multiple sites. Web-based experiments make it possible to fit more data gathering into a fixed time period, and perhaps most important, having a single Web-based implementation of an experiment allows data to be pooled across research sites and across time. With data pooling, the types of questions addressed in laboratory work can be answered using large data sets in place of the typical small ones.
Graft-versus-Host Disease in the Central Nervous System: A Real Entity?

Graft- versus -host disease (GVHD) classically involves the skin, intestines, liver, esophagus, and tongue. Clinically apparent disease involving the heart, lungs, kidneys, and central nervous system (CNS) is frequently secondary to other complicating factors. This report describes a case of an infant with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) who developed un-usual manifestations of GVHD following a bone marrow transplant (BMT). These were complete heart block and respiratory insufficiency in the absence of significant pulmonary disease. He lived 133 days post-transplantation. At autopsy, the brain showed focal lymphohistiocytic aggregates which may represent a hitherto unreported lesion of GVHD.
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis treatments on the occurrence of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations

The effect of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on the prevalence of endemic nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) among gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.), was studied at three different locations in Massachusetts and Connecticut in 1982, 1983, and 1984. Rates of NPV-caused mortality were determined from larvae collected at weekly intervals and from larvae hatched from field-collected egg masses and reared on artificial diet in the laboratory. NPV mortality was lower among larvae collected from plots treated with B. thuringiensis than in adjacent, untreated plots. Similarly, egg masses carried more virus to the next generation in untreated plots than did egg masses from treated plots. Reduced mortality from NPV in the B. thuringiensis -treated plots usually resulted in higher egg mass densities during subsequent years than would have occurred without treatment. The compensatory nature of the B. thuringiensis -NPV interaction may account for much of the variability observed in previous field tests of B. thuringiensis formulations.
Pentraxin 3 innately preps damaged tissue for wound healing

![Figure][1] Insight from Rejane Rua (left) and Dorian McGavern (right) The mechanisms regulating wound injury and tissue repair involve complex enzymatic cascades and inflammatory processes, and new components are still being discovered. In this issue, [Doni et al.][2] report that the
Discussion on the Development of Urban Tourism Economy

From subject,culture,substance and benefit of urban tourism economy,we discussed the meanings of development and pointed out market was the core of tourism industry.The tourism industry can develop well only with good brands,environment and services to face the competitive market.
On the Absence of EUV Emission from Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON)

When the sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) made its perihelion passage within two solar radii of the Sun's surface, it was expected to be a bright emitter at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. However, despite solar EUV telescopes repointing to track the orbit of the comet, no emission was detected. This "null result" is interesting in its own right, offering the possibility of placing limits on the size and composition of the nucleus. We explain the lack of detection by considering the properties of the comet and the solar atmosphere that determine the intensity of EUV emission from sungrazing comets. By comparing these properties with those of sungrazing comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy), which did emit in the EUV, we conclude that the primary factor resulting in non-detectable EUV emission from C/2012 S1 (ISON) was an insufficiently large nucleus. We conclude that the radius of C/2012 S1 (ISON) was at least a factor of four less than that of C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy). This is consistent with white-light observations in the days before perihelion that suggested the comet was dramatically reducing in size on approach.
Doing DECA: Anatomy of an Experiential Program Initiative

DECA is a national not-for-profit educational corporation that sponsors marketing competitions for students at the state or regional and international levels. The paper presents a case study of a highly successful program initiative aimed at achiev-ing student success and institutional recognition through the DECA competitions. It describes the nature of the DECA com-petitions, the strategy employed to achieve student success, and the actual results of the program initiative. In the process, it analyzes the experience from the perspective of experiential learning theory, drawing generalized conclusions that might be applied by other institutions in DECA competitions, other extra-curricular experiential programs, and experiential programs in general.
Righting Anachronistic Exclusions: The Ethics of Blood Donation by MSM.

Recently, the FDA announced that it would soon lift the long-standing lifetime ban on blood donation by men who have sex with men (MSM). Reexamining blood donation by MSM, it is clear that there ar...
EVOLUTIONARY MODIFICATIONS OF NEPHROGENIC MESODERM TO ESTABLISH THE EMBRYONIC CENTERS OF HEMOPOIESIS

ABSTRACT The origin of amphibian thymocytes can be traced to the developing mesonephros. We propose that not only do vertebrate thymocytes (T cells) originate from nephrogenic mesoderm, but that other lymphoid cells and erythroid cells owe their origin to precursor cells of the developing kidney. We further submit that the nephrogenic band becomes subdivided into regional hemopoietic centers, each normally producing a particular population of stem cells. Thus, the thesis is that erythropoiesis is largely limited to the anterior end of the nephrogenic band (pronephros and immediately adjacent mesonephros), T-cell production is almost entirely restricted to the mesonephros, and B-cell production is mainly confined to the more posterior regions of the nephrogenic band.
Reframing the Way We Think About Teenage Motherhood

Approximately 8% of births in the United States are to teen mothers. The majority (57%) of these births are to minorities and teens from disadvantaged communities. Teenage pregnancy is associated with many health disparities for both mother and child, in comparison to women who delay pregnancy until adulthood. Some scholars argue that young age is not the primary driver of these health disparities; rather they result from stigma and associated dominant discourse. Dominant discourse about teen mothers is overwhelmingly negative and stigmatizing: “promiscuous,” “deviant,” and “social pollution.” The stigmatization of teenage motherhood often results in teen mothers, limiting their interactions with medical facilities, schools, and social services. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the structural barriers (e.g., Welfare Reform, 1996) and social definitions (e.g., “good” vs. “bad” mothering) of teen pregnancy that have contributed to the current views of teen pregnancy and shine light on the positive experiences of teenage mothers, further proposing a contemporary feminist lens in public health research and practice.
Lightweight Provenance Service for High-Performance Computing

Provenance describes detailed information about the history of a piece of data, containing the relationships among elements such as users, processes, jobs, and workflows that contribute to the existence of data. Provenance is key to supporting many data management functionalities that are increasingly important in operations such as identifying data sources, parameters, or assumptions behind a given result; auditing data usage; or understanding details about how inputs are transformed into outputs. Despite its importance, however, provenance support is largely underdeveloped in highly parallel architectures and systems. One major challenge is the demanding requirements of providing provenance service in situ. The need to remain lightweight and to be always on often conflicts with the need to be transparent and offer an accurate catalog of details regarding the applications and systems. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a lightweight provenance service, called LPS, for high-performance computing (HPC) systems. LPS leverages a kernel instrument mechanism to achieve transparency and introduces representative execution and flexible granularity to capture comprehensive provenance with controllable overhead. Extensive evaluations and use cases have confirmed its efficiency and usability. We believe that LPS can be integrated into current and future HPC systems to support a variety of data management needs.
Sudden death risk markers for patients with left ventricular ejection fractions greater than 40.

Abstract The major burden of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with heart disease occurs in those with a left ventricular ejection fraction > 40%. Although the annual risk of SCD may be lower in these patients compared to those with lower LVEF, their lifetime cumulative risk of SCD may be greater due to a better overall prognosis. It is plausible that those with LVEF > 40% who are at highest risk of life-threatening arrhythmia will benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Features that identify patients with a LVEF > 40% at high risk of SCD are urgently needed. We review existing studies examining SCD markers in this sub-group and discuss gaps in the current evidence base.
Interactions of alcohol and postmenopausal hormone use in regards to mammographic breast density.

We investigated the association of alcohol intake with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women by their hormone therapy (HT) status. This study included 2,100 cancer-free postmenopausal women within the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II cohorts. Percent breast density (PD), absolute dense (DA), and non-dense areas (NDA) were measured from digitized film mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding technique; all measures were square root transformed. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire (0, < 5, and ≥ 5 g/day). Information regarding breast cancer risk factors was obtained from baseline or biennial questionnaires closest to the mammogram date. We used generalized linear regression to examine associations between alcohol and breast density measures in women with no HT history, current, and past HT users. In multivariable analyses, we found no associations of alcohol consumption with PD (p trend = 0.32) and DA (p trend = 0.53) and an inverse association with NDA (β = − 0.41, 95% CI − 0.73, − 0.09 for ≥ 5 g/day, p trend < 0.01). In the stratified analysis by HT status, alcohol was not associated with PD in any of the strata. We found a significant inverse association of alcohol with NDA among past HT users (β = − 0.79, 95% CI − 1.51, − 0.07 for ≥ 5 g/day, p trend = 0.02). There were no significant interactions between alcohol and HT in relation to PD, DA, and NDA (p interaction = 0.19, 0.42, and 0.43, respectively). Our findings suggest that associations of alcohol with breast density do not vary by HT status.
Corpus Christi Simplicioribus : alegorías y representación de la autoridad en Valencia

In this paper I study the Valencian Corpus Christi play «El misteri del Rey Herodes» in its social and textual setting. I analyze the notion of representation and allegory, and how these concepts lead to a textual unfolding ad infinitum, thus erasing all boundaries between actor and spectator. I attempt to disprove the common misconception that the misteris are a minor literary genre, and in fact serve as a sort of social framework for the urban center, as does law. I test the validity of Walter Benjamin's theories of divine and mythical violence through King Herod's confrontation with Christ. And I examine as well the process of creating the festa: active participation. This is the key to the festa, since the play is only part of the spectacle.
Relating frame accuracy with word error in hybrid ANN-HMM ASR.

Frame accuracy is a common and natural summary statistic to use in neural-network-based ASR. It is often used as an indication of the performance of the neural network probability estimator and in the stopping criterion during its training. Though considered an important factor for word recognition, the frame accuracy presents an incomplete and sometimes deficient indicator of performance for the overall task of word recognition, as with many such summary statistics. Many in the ASR community have seen instances where an improvement in the acoustic posterior probability estimation yielded a disappointing effect on word recognition. We conducted experiments in an effort to illustrate some of the variability in word-recognition performance associated with frame accuracy. Our experiments attempt to shed light on some of the factors that might give rise to instances where frame accuracy and word error correlate. Some of the results are confirmation of intuitive or commonly known trends.
Point Defects: The Zero-Dimension Three-Dimensional Objects

Point defects are ‘zero-dimensional’ objects, i.e. they have a finite extent in all three dimensions. They of course have an internal structure that can have full three dimensional character or reduced dimensionality. This paper contains reflections on the field’s evolution over the last twenty years and on current and future trends.
A luminescent heteroleptic five-coordinate cadmium(II) complex containing a bridging dithiolate ligand

The luminescent heteroleptic Cd(II) complex bis (μ-1,2-benzenedithiolato)-1 kS, 1:2 k 2 S′ 2 kS, 1:2 k 2 S′-bis[(1,10-phenanthroline-k 2 N 1, N 1′)cadmium], [Cd2(C6H4S2)2(C12H8N2)2], containing benzenedithiolate (bdt) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) has been synthesized and found to have the dinuclear formulation [Cd(bdt)(phen)]2. The complex crystallizes in the space group P21/n with a = 10.3400(4), b = 11.5110(4), c = 13.6230(5) A, and β = 106.828(2)°. The dinuclear complex has crystallographically imposed centrosymmetry with one S atom of the bdt ligand bridging the Cd atoms in an asymmetric fashion (Cd–S = 2.5743(5) and 2.6817(5) A) while the second S atom is bound in a terminal mode (Cd–S = 2.4955(5) A). The mean interplanar spacing between the phen ligand and the phenyl ring of the bdt ligand is 3.291 A while that between the phen ligands of adjacent molecules is 3.363 A, suggesting the presence of both intra- and intermolecular π-stacking. The complex is emissive in the solid state at room temperature (λem = 569 nm) with a luminecsent lifetime of 369 ns. The unstructured emission is believed to be a ligand-to-ligand π–π* charge transfer transition.
Outsmarting (and outrunning) nature's harsh decree.

Twenty years ago, 2 studies showed that behavioral experience affects proliferation & survival of newborn neurons in adult hippocampus, suggesting adult neurogenesis as a form of experience-dependent neuroplasticity relevant to memory, emotion, & mental health.
Fast, free-breathing and motion-minimized techniques for pediatric body magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality in children with complex medical issues. Patient motion and respiration remain major challenges in pediatric abdominal MRI. Young children ages 3 months to 6 years are unable to cooperate or perform breath-holding and frequently require deep sedation or general anesthesia to undergo MRI. Given the growing concerns associated with the use of sedation and anesthesia as well as the adverse impact on workflow, developing and implementing fast and motion-resistant MRI sequences are of great interest. Fast sequences such as single-shot fast spin echo and balanced steady-state free precession are useful as quick anatomical surveys on routine abdominal MRI. The widespread utilization of parallel imaging and sequences with radial k-space sampling has contributed to decreasing scan time and improving image quality, respectively. Newer strategies including compressed sensing, simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, and hybrid approaches hold the prospect of faster image acquisition that could significantly reduce the need for sedation in this vulnerable population and decrease the time of anesthesia in cases where it is indicated.
Probing magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films and nanostructures via planar Hall effect

The ability to control and manipulate magnetic anisotropy in the colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) oxide (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSMO) is critical for its implementation in magnetic memory applications. In this work, we employ the planar Hall effect (PHE) as a powerful tool to probe the magnetic anisotropy in LSMO thin films and nanostructures, where the magnetization is too small to be detected by conventional magnetometry techniques. By analyzing the angular- and magnetic field-dependences of the PHE, we deduced an in-plane biaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy of ~1.2x105 erg/cm2 in LSMO thin films fully strained on (001) SrTiO3 substrates. Creating nanoscale periodic depth modulation in LSMO establishes a uniaxial anisotropy with substantially enhanced MCA energy density, which is attributed to a high strain gradient sustained in the nanostructure. The energy competition between the biaxial and uniaxial MCA leads to multi-level resistance switching behavior in properly engineered LSMO nanostructures, which can be utilized to design the switching dynamics in magnetic memory devices. Our work points to the critical role of epitaxial strain in determining the MCA in CMR oxides, and provides an effective material strategy for engineering the magnetic properties of LSMO for novel spintronic applications with high thermal stability and high density data storage.
Insights into the thermal and chemical stability of multilayered V2CTx MXene.

We report on the thermal stability of multilayered V2CTx MXenes under different atmospheres by combining in situ Raman spectroscopy with ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to elucidate and monitor the molecular, electronic, and structural changes of both the surface and bulk of the V2CTx MXene which has recently received much attention. The MXene samples were heated up to 600 °C in inert (N2), oxidative (CO2, air), and reductive (H2) environments under similar conditions. In situ Raman showed that the VO vibration for two-dimensional vanadia is preserved up to 600 °C under N2, while its intensity reduces under H2. When heated above 300 °C under either CO2 or air, V2CTx slightly oxidizes or transforms into V2O5, respectively. Furthermore, SEM revealed the presence of an accordion-like layered structure for the MXene under N2 and H2, while under CO2 and air the layered structure collapses and forms VO2 (V4+) and V2O5 (V5+) crystals, respectively. XPS reveals that, regardless of the gas, surface V species oxidize above 300 °C during the dehydration process. Finally, we demonstrated that the partial dehydration of V2CTx results in the partial oxidation of the material, and the total dehydration is achieved once 700 °C is reached. We believe that our methodology is a unique alternative to tune the dehydration, oxidation, and properties of V2CTx, which allows for the expansion of applications of MXenes.
Multicriteria optimization: Site-specific class solutions for VMAT plans

Abstract Multicriteria optimization (MCO), a novel commercially available optimization method for IMRT and VMAT has the potential to improve treatment planning techniques and workflows. MCO allows planners and physicians to assess in real time the impact and tradeoffs between all clinical goals and organ constraints. We investigate the feasibility of a universal set of objectives and constraints for VMAT plans in different anatomical sites and the impact of involving the Physician in the navigation of the generated Pareto plans. We randomly selected 20 prostate only, 14 whole pelvis, 10 advanced lung, 15 pancreas, and 7 head and neck plans planned with a VMAT technique. Using the clinically delivered isocenter and beam set-up, we retrospectively generated MCO plans with a universal set of constraints and objectives for each anatomical site. The MCO plan scores were compared with clinical plans or an independent plan generated with DMPO. For prostate only plans the TCP values for the clinical and MCO plans were similar and the rectum NTCP values and overall P+ were slightly better for the MCO plans. For whole pelvis, the resulting MCO plans were comparable in all the dosimetric measures to the clinical plans. For lung, the MCO dosimetric comparison also yielded comparable plans but when evaluating individual patients, there were 5 patients for which MCO plans had a clear advantage in reducing dose to lung and/or esophagus while improving/maintaining target coverage, 4 patients with comparable plans and 1 patient where MCO was worse. Allowing the physician to navigate independently produced a different selection of dosimetric trade-offs. Comparable MCO plans were also obtained for pancreas and head and neck. Based on our experience with many anatomical sites and a large number of patient plans, we have found that VMAT MCO plans are comparable to the clinical plans and can be produced with a universal set of objectives and constraints, even for a wide range of geometries and anatomies.
Differential associations of engagement in physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with brain volume in middle-aged to older adults.

Previous work has confirmed the benefits of aerobic exercise for brain aging, however mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Two measures of exercise, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), may reflect different pathways linking activity to brain health. Using data from the UK Biobank, the largest sample combining neuroimaging and objectively measured MVPA available to date (n = 7148, nmale = 3062, nfemale = 4086; age = 62.14 ± 7.40 years), we found that, when adjusted for covariates including MVPA, CRF was positively associated with overall gray matter volume (FDR p = 1.28E-05). In contrast, when adjusted for covariates including CRF, MVPA was positively associated with left and right hippocampal (FDR pleft = 0.01; FDR pright = 0.02) volumes, but not overall gray matter volume. Both CRF and MVPA were inversely associated with white matter hyperintensity lesion loads (FDR pCRF = 0.002; pMVPA = 0.02). Our results suggest separable effects of engagement in exercise behaviors (MVPA) and the physiological effects of exercise (CRF) on structural brain volumes, which may have implications for differential pathways linking exercise and brain benefits.
Implications of energy and CO2 emission changes in Japan and Germany after the Fukushima accident

Abstract Following the March 2011 nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, Japan, nuclear power production declined sharply in that country as well as Germany. Despite widespread media coverage of CO2 emission increases in the first few years afterward, subsequent energy and emission changes and their implications are not well-studied. Here we analyze energy, electricity, and CO2 emissions data for both countries through 2017. We also quantify the human health and CO2 implications of two simple yet illuminating scenarios: What if both countries had reduced fossil fuel power output instead of nuclear? And what if the US and the rest of Europe eliminate their remaining nuclear power? We find that emissions increased after Fukushima until 2013 but decreased thereafter due to record-high renewable energy production and lower total energy use. However our “what if” scenarios demonstrate that these two countries could have prevented 28,000 air pollution-induced deaths and 2400 MtCO2 emissions between 2011 and 2017. Germany can still prevent 16,000 deaths and 1100 MtCO2 emissions by 2035 by reducing coal instead of eliminating nuclear as planned. If the US and the rest of Europe follow Germany's example they could lose the chance to prevent over 200,000 deaths and 14,000 MtCO2 emissions by 2035.
CWAE-IRL: Formulating a supervised approach to Inverse Reinforcement Learning problem.

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is used to infer the reward function from the actions of an expert running a Markov Decision Process (MDP). A novel approach using variational inference for learning the reward function is proposed in this research. Using this technique, the intractable posterior distribution of the continuous latent variable (the reward function in this case) is analytically approximated to appear to be as close to the prior belief while trying to reconstruct the future state conditioned on the current state and action. The reward function is derived using a well-known deep generative model known as Conditional Variational Auto-encoder (CVAE) with Wasserstein loss function, thus referred to as Conditional Wasserstein Auto-encoder-IRL (CWAE-IRL), which can be analyzed as a combination of the backward and forward inference. This can then form an efficient alternative to the previous approaches to IRL while having no knowledge of the system dynamics of the agent. Experimental results on standard benchmarks such as objectworld and pendulum show that the proposed algorithm can effectively learn the latent reward function in complex, high-dimensional environments.
Effect of CD+34 cord blood stem cell transfected by plasmid vector plRES2-FL-IL-3 on the mice after irradiation

Objective To observe the effect of CD+34 cord blood stem cell transfected by plasmid veetor pIRES2-FL-IL-3 on the mouse after irradiation and to investigate its mechanisms.Methods In the co-expressed group(12 mice),CD+34 cord blood stem cells were transfected by plasmid vector pIRES2-FL-IL-3.5×10 5 cells were injected intravenously in the mouse.The hemogram changes in mice were detected 2,4 and 6 weeks after radiation.At 6 weeks after irradiation,the expression of the CD34 in spleen was detected by immumofluorescence method.The mRNA level and the activity of IL-3 and FL were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Other 3 groups were CD+34 cell group(CD34 group),pIRES2-IL-3 group(IL 3 group)and plRES2-FL group(FL group), and there were 12 mice in each group.Results The survival rate of CD34 group,IL3 group and FL group at the 6th week were 25.0%(3/12),50.O%(6/12)and 50.0%(6/12),respectively.It wag 91.7%(11/12)in the co-expressed group,which was higher than those in the other groups.The expression of the CD34 of spleen in the CO-expressed group was higher than those of the other groups.The mRNA level and the activity of IL-3 and fL of spleen in the co-expressed group were higher than those in the other groups too.Conclusions The CD+34 cord blood stem cells transfected by plasmid vector pIRES2-FL-IL-3 have hemogenesis promotion effect on the mice after irradiation,which was related with the aggregation,proliferation of stem cells and the high expression of the interest proteins.
In Vivo Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Edema in Rodents Using Ultrasound Multiple Scattering

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects 200 000 patients in the United States of America. IPF is responsible for changes in the micro-architecture of the lung parenchyma, such as thickening of the alveolar walls, which reduces compliance and elasticity. In this study, we verify the hypothesis that changes in the microarchitecture of the lung parenchyma can be characterized by exploiting multiple scattering of ultrasound waves by the alveolar structure. Ultrasound propagation in a highly scattering regime follows a diffusion process, which can be characterized using the diffusion constant. We hypothesize that in a fibrotic lung, the thickening of the alveolar wall reduces the amount of air (compared with a healthy lung), thereby minimizing the scattering events. Pulmonary fibrosis is created in Sprague–Dawley rats by instilling bleomycin into the airway. The rats are studied within 3 weeks after bleomycin administration. Using a 128-element linear array transducer operating at 7.8 MHz, in vivo experimental data are obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats and the transport mean free path (L*) and backscatter frequency shift (BFS) are evaluated. Significant differences ( ${p} ) in the L* values between control and fibrotic rats and in the BFS values between fibrotic and edematous rats showcase the potential of these parameters for diagnosis and monitoring of IPF.
A Feasibility Trial of an Online-Only, Family-Centered Preventive Intervention for Hispanics: e-Familias Unidas

We piloted the preventive intervention e-Familias Unidas, delivered exclusively through the Internet to maximize reach and sustainability. This program is an adaptation of an evidence-based, family-centered intervention that aims to prevent Hispanic adolescent drug use and risky sexual behavior through improving family functioning. The purpose of this feasibility trial was to: (1) explore the use of Facebook and a trusted community champion in the online recruitment of Hispanic parents of adolescents, (2) test an online-only assessment and randomization protocol, (3) pilot intervention delivery via e-familiasunidas.com, and (4) assess pre-post changes in family functioning. We tracked participant recruitment and enrollment via Facebook analytics and REDCap. Intervention completion was tracked via our website. We conducted an ANCOVA to test for between group (e-Familias Unidas vs. control) differences post-intervention. Recruitment lasted for a total of 10 weeks and was divided into three phases, with each phase systematically assessing which strategies maximized recruitment and enrollment. Overall, 93 Hispanic parents enrolled in the study. Of those randomized to the intervention group (n = 46), 70% were engaged and watched an average of 5.4 out of the 12 online videos. We found that participants recruited through a community champion, versus Facebook advertisements, had higher rates of enrollment and intervention completion. There was a significant improvement in parent-adolescent communication for parents who received e-Familias Unidas compared to those in the control group (n = 47). This pilot trial demonstrated it is feasible to recruit, assess, and deliver e-Familias Unidas to Hispanic parents through an online-only platform. Our findings highlight the promise of an online platform to optimize the reach of preventive interventions for underserved populations, to more effectively target participants, and to disseminate sustainable evidence-based interventions. We discuss lessons learned and recommendations for future research.
Exploring the Potential of Engineering Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein as an Ecological, Friendly, and Non-toxic Pest Control Agent

In plants, polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) play critical roles for resistance to fungal disease by inhibiting the pectin-depolymerizing activity of endopolygalacturonases (PGs), one type of enzyme secreted by pathogens that compromises plant cell walls and leaves the plant susceptible to disease. Here, the interactions between PGIPs from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1 and PvPGIP2) and PGs from Aspergillus niger (AnPG2), Botrytis cinerea (BcPG1 and BcPG2), and Fusarium moniliforme (FmPG3) were reconstituted through a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system to investigate the inhibition efficiency of various PvPGIP1 and 2 truncations and mutants. We found that tPvPGIP2_5-8, which contains LRR5 to LRR8 and is only one-third the size of the full length peptide, exhibits the same level of interactions with AnPG and BcPGs as the full length PvPGIP2 via Y2H. The inhibitory activities of tPvPGIP2_5-8 on the growth of A. niger and B. cinerea were then examined and confirmed on pectin agar. On pectin assays, application of both full length PvPGIP2 and tPvPGIP2_5-8 clearly slows down the growth of A. niger and B. cinerea. Investigation on the sequence-function relationships of PGIP utilizing a combination of site directed mutagenesis and a variety of peptide truncations suggests that LRR5 could have the most essential structural feature for the inhibitory activities, and may be a possible target for the future engineering of PGIP with enhanced activity. This study highlights the potential of plant-derived PGIPs as a candidate for future in planta evaluation as a pest control agent.
International Systems and Domestic Politics: Linking Complex Theories with Empirical Models in International Relations

Outcomes of interest to International Relations scholars are the product of complex relationships between domestic and systemic variables. We use IR theory to outline five types of possible theoretical relationships. We then describe a process of choosing the best empirical model for each theory, showing the assumptions entailed in each and ways to adjudicate between models. Additionally, we advance the value of multilevel modeling for IR and a new method for modeling spatial interdependence. Our spatial model allows for the estimation of a time-varying connectivity parameter in a hierarchical structure. This allows us to describe how the level of interdependence among units has evolved over time and also consider complex theoretical relationships. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by revisiting the recent IPE debate between Milner and Kubota (2005) and Oatley (2011) over the relationship between trade policy and regime type for LDC's. A wealth of empirical models exist that, when applied correctly, can elucidate even the most complicated relationships.
Embryo quality and development in sub-fertile dairy cows

Embryo Transfer (ET) is a valuable tool that producers can use to decrease the generation interval and/or quickly increase the genetic potential of the herd. Several factors affect the implantation and establishment of pregnancy with embryos such as fresh vs frozen, produced in vivo vs in vitro, and disease in the recipients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of embryo quality and subclinical endometritis (SCE) in Holstein Friesian recipient cows on early embryonic death (EED) between d 7 to d 16.
Control Strategies for Complete Soft-Switching of ICN Converters

This paper introduces the control strategies that enable zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of all the transistors in impedance control network (ICN) resonant converters. With the conventional $\phi$-based control strategy, ICN converters are well-suited for applications with wide variation in input voltage, owing to wide range soft switching capability of their inverter transistors. The control strategies presented in this paper simultaneously allow soft switching of all its inverter and rectifier transistors, thus extending the converter’s applicability to higher and wider output voltages. Two such control strategies, namely, $\psi$ and $\phi\psi$-based control, are presented and compared in terms of their soft switching capability and residual circulating currents in the resonant tank. It is shown that $\phi\psi$-based control strategy offers superior performance by substantially reducing circulating currents. A 15 V-to-2.5 V, 10- W, 400-kHz ICN converter prototype is built and tested with the proposed control strategies. $\phi\psi$-based control strategy achieves 5% higher efficiency compared to the $\psi$-based control strategy.
Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics

Clinical ethics in pediatrics : , Clinical ethics in pediatrics : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
It Started with Image Charges

I arrived at the University of California, San Diego as a graduate student in 1965. Walter Kohn’s work with Pierre Hohenberg on the density functional method had been published, and I think that his first paper with Lu Sham on ground state calculations was also in the literature. I read their results on excitations as a typescript. I had my first encounter with Walter after I had completed one quarter of course work. I showed him my grades, which he pronounced satisfactory, and I began to work with him. I had approached him on the recommendation of my father, also a physicist, who described him to me as one of the best solid state theorists active in the world. His estimation of Walter was reinforced by Julian Schwinger a little later. I met him at a gathering and introduced myself as a student of Walter’s. Julian’s response was, “Ah, my most illustrious student.” I knew that my future in physics lay in theory, as my only “D” ever was awarded for performance in the senior level experimental lab at Berkeley. In fact, theory was fine with me; I had no desire to go into competition with my father, a low temperature experimentalist of some repute.
IRS: The Infrared Spectrograph on SIRTF

The Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) (Houck and van Cleve, 1995) is one of the three instruments on board the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) to be launched in December 2001. IRS will provide SIRTF with low and moderate-spectral resolution spectroscopic capabilities from 5.3μm to 40μm. The IRS instrument has no moving parts (the so called ‘bolt-and-go’ philosophy) and it is composed of four separate modules, with two of the modules providing R ≡ λ/Δλ ~ 60−120 spectral resolution over 5.3 to 40 microns and two modules providing R~600 spectral resolution over 10 to 37 microns. Each module has its own entrance slit in the telescope’s focal plane. The low-resolution modules employ long slit designs that allow both spectral and one-dimensional spatial information to be acquired simultaneously on the same detector array. Two small imaging sub-arrays (‘peak-up cameras’) in the short-low module allow infrared objects with poorly known positions to be accurately placed on any of the IRS modules’ entrance slits, providing at the same time 1 × 1 arcmin broad band images at 15 or 21μm. The high-resolution modules use a cross-dispersed echelle design that gives spectral and limited spatial measurements on the same detector array.
Delayed Yielding in a Substitutional Solid Solution Alloy

An investigation was made of the effects of stress and temperature on delayed yielding arising from substitutional atom locking of dislocations in a face-centered-cubic alloy. Strain aged specimens of an aluminum alloy containing 2 pet Mg, which showed a pronounced yield point at 78°K, were tested in creep at 78°K and 114°K at a series of constant stresses below the tensile upper yield stress. The reciprocal of the delay time for the formation of the first Lueder’s band and the rate of propagation of the band front were found to be identical functions of stress and temperature. The delay time for yielding was found to depend upon the product of separate stress and temperature functions, in disagreement with the theoretical models of Cottrell and Bilby and Fisher for the case of interstitially locked dislocations.
Consequences of the loss of collagen XXIV in bone (922.7)

Fibrillar collagens give integrity and tensile strength to many organs in the body. Collagen XXIV is a non-traditional collagen in the fibrillar collagen family. To determine what its function might be in bone, collagen XXIV knock out (KO) mice were analyzed. Since femurs of null mice at 3 and 5 months of age were found to be osteoporotic compared to WT mice, our goal was to quantify mRNAs involved in regulation of bone deposition and resorption, and determine whether the loss of collagen XXIV affected their expression. Femur RNA was extracted from WT and KO mice at 7 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 1.5 years of age. RNA was converted to cDNA, and real time qPCR was performed using GAPDH as a control. In WT mice, collagen XXIV mRNA was high at 7 d and 1 month of age. At 2 months it was present at less than half of what it was at 1 month. By 3 months its levels were greatly attenuated. This trend continued for all ages up to 1.5 yrs. KO mice showed minor amounts of collagen XXIV mRN...
Orbitronics: the intrinsic orbital current in p-doped silicon.

The spin Hall effect depends crucially on the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of the energy band. Because of the smaller spin-orbit coupling in silicon, the spin Hall effect is expected to be much reduced. We show that the electric field in p-doped silicon can induce a dissipationless orbital current in a fashion reminiscent of the spin Hall effect. The vertex correction due to impurity scattering vanishes and the effect is therefore robust against disorder. The orbital Hall effect can lead to the accumulation of local orbital momentum at the edge of the sample, and can be detected by the Kerr effect.
The influence of industry actions on the availability of alcoholic beverages in the African region

Aims The alcohol beverage industry has been expanding its corporate social responsibility and other business activities in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of these activities on the physical, economic, psychological and social availability of alcohol in the region. Methods Narrative review. Source materials came from the business press, industry sources (websites, annual reports, press releases, conference proceedings) and the scientific literature published since 2000. Results The alcohol industry has intensified its activities in the African region, through their funding of social aspect organizations, technical publications, policy workshops and other corporate social responsibility activities. Marketing campaigns, new product designs and the development of industry-civil society partnerships have increased. There is evidence that the alcohol industry also engages in lobbying, information dissemination and legal action to thwart effective public health measures. Conclusions The corporate social responsibility activities of the global alcohol industry have provided a vehicle to promote industry-favorable policies and increase the physical, economic, social and psychological availability of alcohol.
An Isoperibolic Calorimeter to Study Electrochemical Insertion of Deuterium into Palladium

The design and the operational characteristics of a new isoperibolic calorimeter that is developed to study the electrochemical insertion of deuterium into palladium are described. The design is simple and involves inexpensive materials to build. It possesses a number of distinct advantages that makes it suitable for thermal measurements in other electrochemical systems. It is insensitive to the nature and the location of the heat source within the electrochemical cell. The calibration constant is found to be stable with [+-]0.5% uncertainty over a wide range of input power levels up to 22 W. It also has the capability of operating over a wide temperature range. In principle, the calorimeter can be used up to 600[degrees]C, provided that the electrochemical cell design and materials are chosen appropriately. The design also provides flexibility to adjust the sensitivity of the calorimeter according to the needs of the system under study. 25 refs., 11 figs.
CD40 and tumour necrosis factor-α co-operate to up-regulate inducuble nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages.

Summary Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression is important given the role of this enzyme in inflammation, control of infections and immune regulation. In contrast to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) alone or CD40 stimulation alone, simultaneous stimulation of mouse macrophages through CD40 ligation and TNF-α led to up-regulation of NOS2 and nitric oxide production. This response was of functional relevance because CD40/TNF-α-stimulated macrophages acquired nitric oxide-dependent anti-Leishmania major activity. CD40 plus TNF-α up-regulated NOS2 independently of interferon-γ, interferon-α/β and interleukin-1. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an adapter protein downstream of CD40, appears to be required for NOS2 up-regulation because a CD40-TRAF6 blocking peptide inhibited up-regulation of NOS2 in CD40/TNF-α-stimulated macrophages. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor activated by TNF-α but not CD40, was required for NOS2 up-regulation because this enzyme was not up-regulated when C/EBPβ−/− macrophages received CD40 plus TNF-α stimulation. These results indicate that CD40 and TNF-α co-operate to up-regulate NOS2, probably via the effect of TRAF6 and C/EBPβ.
Exilio político y democracia

Political exile is a mechanism of institutional exclusion geared at revoking citizenship rights and removing individuals from full participation in the political and public arenas of a country. Due to its exclusionary character, the literature tends to assume a correlation between authoritarianism and exile, on the one hand, and democracy and asylum, on the other. This work challenges this view and discusses the more complex interactions between exile and democracy. Relying on qualitative case analysis of individual and massive exile and on a quantitative database of presidential exile in the nineteenth and twentieth century, it shows that also democracies generate exile and that also authoritarian countries have provided sites of exile and asylum for those fleeing from their home countries.
Confucianism and American Pragmatism

One area of the East–West comparative philosophy that has received a good deal of attention in recent years is the relationship between Confucianism and American Pragmatism. Scholars engaging these traditions have argued that they are mutually elucidating and mutually reinforcing. Often, upon locating resonance(s) between a Confucian philosopher and an American Pragmatist philosopher, scholars combine the conceptual resources of the two, developing a Confucian–Pragmatist hybrid concept or theory. Some critics have been skeptical of the alleged compatibility between Confucian and American Pragmatism, holding that proper understanding of Confucian and American Pragmatist traditions reveals an unbridgeable incommensurability between the two. This article describes the state of the comparative scholarship on Confucianism and American Pragmatism, identifying thematic trends and areas of debate. In addition, some lines of scholarship that might augment this area of comparative philosophy are suggested.