cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Huntington or Halliburton? The Real Clash of Civilizations in American Life

A wide variety of sources, including the Huntington literature and popular mass media, show that Huntingtonis iclash of civilizations idea actually has very little value in understanding the current global political context. The central assumption of Huntingtonis view, that cultural kinship ties influence loyalties and agreements on a global scale, has little to do with the daily lives of American citizens and little to do with the decisions made by the current presidential administration. The mass media evidence from the United States shows that the the most important ikinshipi ties are not religious or cultural, but economic. The argument involves a deeper analy- sis of the current trend towards religious programs on American television, a timeline of events relating to the Halliburton n Cheney relationship, and views expressed by members of the United States military in Stars and Stripes.
System analysis of phycomyces light-growth response: Single mutants

The light-growth response of Phycomyces has been studied with Gaussian white-noise test stimuli for a set of 21 double mutants affected in all pairwise combinations of genes madA to madG; these genes are associated with phototropism, the light-growth response, and other behaviors. The input-output relations of the light-growth responses of these mutants are represented by Wiener kernels in the time domain and transfer functions in the frequency domain. The results have been analyzed comparatively with those in the preceding papers on wild-type and single mutant strains. Two of the double night-blind mutants (combinations AB and BC) have especially weak, but still detectable, responses. To evaluate possible dynamic interactions among the seven mad gene products, each double-mutant transfer function was analyzed jointly with those of the parental single mutants and wild-type. Specifically, a hypothesis of dynamic independence was rejected at the 5% significance level for the following combinations: AD, AE, AG, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, CD, CE, CF, DE, DG, and EF. A formal pictorial scheme summarizes the dynamic interactions among the mad gene products, according to this test. The high degree of interactions between the “input” gene products (A, B, and C) and the “output” gene products (D, E, F, and G) suggest that most or all of the sensory transduction pathway for the light-growth response (and phototropism) is contained in a multimolecular complex.
IgG receptors on the embryonic chick yolk sac.

Abstract Survival of the chick depends upon the transfer of maternal IgG from the egg yolk into the fetal circulation. Radiolabeled chicken IgG binds specifically to both fixed and unfixed yolk sac tissue from day 7 or 8 of embryogenesis through at least day 18. This binding is saturable, Fc-specific, pH-dependent, and reversible. Chicken Fc fragments and some heterologous IgGs compete with IgG binding, whereas bovine serum albumin, phosvitin, conalbumin, chicken IgM, and chicken Fab fragments do not. Eight-day embryos appear to have only a low affinity receptor, KD = 3.4 x 10(-7) M, but 18-day embryos have an additional high affinity receptor, KD = 3.0 x 10(-8) M. The membrane density of the low affinity receptor remains essentially constant throughout development.
Ranking Law Schools' Special Programs

Although general law school rankings have been widely criticized, little has been said about specialty rankings. This paper serves that need by exploring largely-ignored implications inherent in US News’ evolving methodology for determining such rankings.Beyond criteria intended to determine specialty rankings, this paper examines criteria that affect their value. In particular, it identifies quantitative factors that warrant increased skepticism among those who already hold rankings in low esteem and calls for more disclosure with regard to those factors.
Using SNMP to manage guaranteed performance connections

The demand for integrated services in packet-switched, communication infrastructures has prompted the development of services that provide performance guarantees. In order to provide these performance guarantees, resources are reserved in the network along a path thus forming a guaranteed performance connection. The resources required for a connection are usually reserved via customized resource reservation (or management) protocols that are non-standard and not widely supported. In this paper we describe the use of a standardized management framework for monitoring and controlling guaranteed performance connections. The management protocol, simple network management protocol (SNMP), is used to monitor and control guaranteed performance connections of the tenet real-time protocol suite. Using SNMPv1 it is possible to establish a guaranteed performance connection between two host, monitor the dynamic state of the connection during runtime, modify its traffic and performance parameters and its route during runtime, and terminate the connection. In the paper we also discuss the procedure used in controlling the connection and present a prototype implementation of the tenet real-time protocol management information bases (MIBs). Experiments were conducted on this implementation and an initial performance analysis is provided.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Driver for Social Innovation

Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation are not necessarily new concepts; they have existed for several years but seem to become increasingly relevant to companies, NGO’s and governments throughout the world every year. Many companies take these developments very seriously, as they understand that they are part of a new way of doing business in the future and thus create their own capacity to endure. One of the key challenges is, however, a partially unclear understanding of the concepts, how they can be implemented and how an impact can be created. In addition, concepts like Social Entrepreneurship or Sustainable Innovation exist and add to the complexity. As with most new concepts, this unclear understanding could ultimately hinder the development of a concept that, if applied seriously, might have a significant contribution on improving the way we collaborate, innovate and ultimately have a positive impact on the world.
Lessons from the Holocaust Museum

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Jeshajahu Weinberg, Michael Birnbaum, Martin Smith, and Raye Farr.
Preparation and Description of High-Molecular-Weight Soluble Surface Antigens from a Group A Streptococcus

High-molecular-weight proteins having M protein reactivity were isolated without acid or alkaline digestion. Treatment of a heat-killed group A Streptococcus with sonic vibration released antigens which reacted strongly and specifically with absorbed type-specific antiserum. This antigen preparation was released without diminishing the total yield of acid-extractable M protein of the original heat-killed cells. Fractionation of the sonic preparation on a sucrose gradient yielded four peaks of M reactivity. When these fractions were placed on Sephadex G-200 columns, the M reactive material of three fractions appeared in the void volumes, suggesting that the active material in each had a molecular weight greater than 300,000. The reactivity of the fourth fraction followed closely the void volume of Sephadex G-100. Chemical analysis revealed heterogeneity of the fractions. Spectral analysis showed virtual absence of nucleic acid in three of the fractions and a moderate amount in the fourth. Bactericidal inhibition tests showed activity of three of the four fractions. Analysis of the fractions by Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique revealed that each of the four fractions had several antigenic constituents. All four contained M antigen. T antigen and a third unnamed antigen were present in some of the fractions. Group reactivity was present in all fractions, but did not reside on the M molecule. The enhanced potential of sonically released antigens to induce high-titer specific precipitating antibodies to M protein is discussed.
Destruction of aromatic pollutants by UV light catalyzed oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

Toxic and hazardous compounds are often present in water at low concentrations, which can make their removal difficult and costly by conventional treatment processes. A promising method for destroying pollutants in water is ultraviolet (UV) catalyzed oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. The effectiveness of this process was determined for typical aromatic compounds including benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate. The reactions were conducted in a quartz annular reactor equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp. Of the aromatics studied, reaction rates were fastest with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and slowest with the phthalates. Analyses of reacted samples by HPLC and GC/MS indicated that the aromatics formed many intermediates that could be destroyed by extending the treatment time. An empirical rate expression was developed to correlate the results.
Pfaffian forms and D -matroids with coefficients

Abstract In this paper I begin to build up a theory of Δ-matroids with coefficients parallel to the theory of matroids with coefficients. While the definition of a matroid with coefficients is based on the well-known Grassmann identity concerning determinants, a quite similar identity concerning Pfaffian forms leads to the theory of Δ-matroids with coefficients. Particular examples are Δ-matroids representable by some skew-symmetric matrix with coefficients in a field, oriented Δ-matroids, and valuated Δ-matroids.
The corrosion of single pits on stainless steel in acidic chloride solution

A new method was developed for creating single corrosion pits on Type 304 stainless steel surfaces that otherwise exhibit very low dissolution rates. Single pits were grown by masking specimens with photoresist except for a region of 100 μm diameter, and then exposing them to 1 N H2SO4 and 0.1 N NaCl at 0.6 V (SCE). By measurement of current and surface area during pit growth, it was found that the dissolution current density decreases with the square root of time. These results support quantitatively the hypothesis that the corrosion rate is controlled by dissolution of an Fe SO4 salt film.
Unemployment Rates as a Moderator of the Job Dissatisfaction-Turnover Relation

The moderating effect of opportunity for alternative employment on the relationship of job dissatisfaction and turnover was examined in an archival study correlating unemployment rates with the results of past studies examining the strength of the dissatisfaction-turnover relationship. A positive correlation (r = .39) was found indicating that the strength of the relationship between dissatisfaction and turnover is greater during periods of relatively high unemployment (i.e., low opportunity) than during periods of low unemployment (i.e., high opportunity). This finding contradicts what has been predicted by theories of turnover proposed by many social scientists, but it is in line with what might be expected from a general push-and-pull model of labor mobility.
Simulation of percolation behavior of anisotropic short-fiber composites with a continuum model and non-cubic control geometry

Abstract A simulation study based on a concentric cylindrical model is presented for the prediction of the percolation threshold in anisotropic composites containing electrically conducting fibers in an insulating matrix. The present study uses both cubic and non-cubic control volumes to model the composite material rather than only cubic ones that have been employed in most earlier investigations. The use of non-cubic boxes has been shown to balance the disparity in the ratios of fiber to control volume (sample) dimensions in the three orthogonal directions for anisotropic fiber orientations. The finite size scaling (FSS) approach was found to be applicable for these non-random fiber orientations with the correlation length exponent being 0·89. The extrapolated threshold volume fractions for percolation in the three principal directions were found to be essentially the same for infinitely large systems. However, the slopes of the FSS curves were significantly different. These slopes, together with effective shape constants for the control volume, were used to predict the trend in threshold values for finite anisotropic systems such as those encountered experimentally. These theoretical arguments are among the first to explain several experimental results that have been reported in the literature for the electrical conductivity of short-fiber composites.
The crystal structure of P. knowlesi DBPα DBL domain and its implications for immune evasion

Plasmodium vivax invasion of human erythrocytes requires that the ligand domain of the Duffy-binding protein (DBP) recognize its cognate erythrocyte receptor, making DBP a potential target for therapy. The recently determined crystal structure of the orthologous DBP ligand domain of the closely related simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi provides insight into the molecular basis for receptor recognition and raises important questions about the mechanism of immune evasion employed by the malaria parasite.
Long‐term effects of radiation therapy on patients with ovarian dysgerminoma

A retrospective chart review and questionnaire study was undertaken to look at the long-term effects of radiation therapy in ovarian dysgerminoma patients. Forty-three patients and 55 controls responded to a questionnaire that detailed bowel, bladder, thyroid, menstrual, reproductive, sexual, and growth function. Statistically significant differences in the number of bowel movements were noticed when comparing patients with controls. The authors noticed no significant differences between cases and controls in bladder function. No thyroid disorders were attributable to mediastinal radiation therapy. Most patients with intact uteri bleed monthly on hormonal replacement. Three patients with a remaining ovary and uterus resumed menstrual function after substantial doses of abdominopelvic radiation therapy. No patients have conceived. The authors noticed a slight increase in dyspareunia in the treated group, but most patients were satisfied with their sexual function. One premenarchal patient exhibited a growth disorder.
Modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes with ruthenium(II) terpyridine complex

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 1–3 μM in length and 20–25 nm in diameter) were initially functionalized with a 2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine-chelated ruthenium(II) complex by covalent amidation. The resulting functionalized ruthenium MWCNTs (RuMWCNTs, 1–2 μM in length and 10–20 nm in diameter) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric experiments of RuMWCNTs show that the functional group coverage of terpyridine–rutheniun–terpyridine (tpy–Ru–tpy) is 0.7036 mmol/1.0 g carbon. The XPS results show N1s and Ru3d5/5 signals, confirming the presence of tpy–Ru–tpy groups on the surface of MWCNTs. The FTIR spectra of the RuMWCNTs display the typical stretching mode of the carboxyl group (amide I) and a combination of amide N–H and C–N stretching mode (amide II). The Raman D- and G-line peak intensity ratio of RuMWCNTs (ID/IG 2.21) exceeds that of pristine MWCNTs (ID/IG 1.93), suggesting covalent bonding of tpy–Ru–tpy to MWCNTs and supporting the disruption of the graphitic integrity due to the proposed covalent functionalization. High-resolution SEM images confirm that tpy–Ru–tpy moieties are interconnected or attached as aggregated structures (100–200-nm range) on the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes after functionalization. The electrical property of RuMWCNTs depicts higher resistance (10.10 M Ω) than that of OX-MWCNTs (15.38 kΩ).
Intercomparison of Wave Data Between Triaxys Directional Wave Buoy, ADCP, and Other Reference Wave Instruments

The use of Triaxys directional wave buoy and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) for wave measurements are relatively recent. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) acquired these instruments in 2001 and systematic laboratory and field tests were conducted during 2001–2002. This paper describes the field tests conducted near the US Army Corps of Engineers’ Field Research Facility (FRF) ocean pier and near the Barren Islands in the Chesapeake Bay. At the FRF site, Triaxys buoy wave measurements were compared with FRF’s field standards of pressure sensor arrays and Datawell Waverider buoy. For the Bay test, ADCP was compared with the Triaxys buoy. There are significant numbers of outlier in the Triaxys peak periods at both test sites. In the Chesapeake Bay, which is dominated by high frequency and low energy waves, there is much scatter in the Triaxys data for significant wave heights below 0.2 m. Detailed analyses were performed after these outliers and noisy data were removed. Statistics of differences in significant wave heights, peak periods and directions between each comparative pair were computed and characteristics of frequency and frequency-direction spectra were examined. Overall, correlations between each instrument pair are very good in significant wave heights, fair in wave peak periods (except the ADCP/Triaxys pair), and marginal in wave directions. Triaxys buoy compared better with Waverider buoy than with others. Both ADCP and FRF pressure sensor array exhibit higher resolution in detecting multi-modal and multi-frequency waves. In most cases, energy distribution of spectral peaks in Triaxys buoy data differs significantly from those obtained from FRF pressure sensor array and ADCP.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
NOX in liver fibrosis.

NAPDH oxidase is a multi-protein complex that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a wide range of stimuli[1, 2]. In the liver, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is functionally expressed both in the phagocytic form[3] and in the non-phagocytic form[4]. It has previously been demonstrated that chronic liver diseases are characterized by increased ROS production as well as decreased activity of antioxidant systems, resulting in oxidative stress[5-9]. This feature is commonly detected in patients with alcohol abuse, hepatitis C virus infection, iron overload, and chronic cholestasis[10-12], as well as in most types of experimental liver fibrogenesis[13]. In these conditions, oxidative stress is not only a consequence of chronic liver injury but also significantly contributes to excessive tissue remodelling and fibrogenesis[14]. Among the different molecules involved in ROS production during liver damage [14-17], a critical role is played by the NADPH oxidase complex. While Kupffer cells in the liver mainly produce ROS through the phagocytic form of NADPH oxidase, which exerts an important role in host defence[18] and inflammation[3], hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) express the non-phagocytic form of NADPH oxidase which plays an important role in regulating cell signalling[4, 19]. Kuppfer cells are the resident macrophage in the liver[20], and HSCs are the main fibrogenic cell[21, 22]. Thus, if ROS from phagocytic NADPH oxidase expressed in Kupffer cells are important in mediating liver injury and fibrosis through a paracrine mechanism leading to the activation of HSCs[3, 23, 24], the finding that HSCs express their own form of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase[4, 19, 25] led researchers to study whether the direct effect of this complex in HSCs might play a key role in hepatic fibrosis.
Recombinant hepatitis C virus-like particles expressed by baculovirus: utility in cell-binding and antibody detection assays.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is difficult to study due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system or small animal model. As a result, HCV–cell interactions are not well-defined. In addition, several studies have identified a subset of patients in whom HCV RNA is present, but HCV antibody is not detected. We produced recombinant baculoviruses that expressed HCV structural proteins (core, E1 and E2, nt 342–2651) or control proteins. The HCV structural protein precursor was processed into immunoreactive proteins of appropriate size, and sucrose density sedimentation and electron microscopy of infected cell lysates demonstrated particle formation. To evaluate HCV antigenicity, particularly in patients who tested negative for HCV antibody in commercial HCV immunoassays but had persistent viremia, we evaluated the virus-like particles (VLPs) in solid-phase immunoassays. VLPs reacted with sera from HCV antibody positive subjects in these solid phase immunoassays, but not with control sera. Plasma samples from 19% (5/26) of HCV antibody negative subjects who were persistently HCV RNA positive also reacted with the HCV VLPs. When incubated with MOLT-4 cells at 4°C, HCV VLPs demonstrated cell binding, and behaved similar to plasma-derived HCV preparations in a flow cytometry-based cell binding assay. These data suggest that recombinant HCV VLPs may allow identification of HCV antibody in patients, including some patients with persistent viremia and who are seronegative with current assays. In addition, HCV VLPs seem useful for evaluating HCV–cell interactions. J. Med. Virol. 68:537–543, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Susceptibilities of Anaerobic Bacteria to Cefmenoxime, Ceftriaxone, and Other Antimicrobial Compounds

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefmenoxime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and moxalactam were determined by agar dilution for 202 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. Cefoxitin and moxalactam were the most active among the cephalosporin-like compounds.
The Methodological Content of Teacher Education Programs in Learning Disabilities: Clearly Specialized and Impressively Current — Another View of Pugach and Whitten's Survey Results:

Conclusion: We believe the field owes Pugach and Whitten a debt of gratitude for conducting their survey of methodological content in teacher preparation programs in LD/mild handicaps. The field can only benefit from further research of this type. In addition to determining course content, future research should also ask the more difficult questions: Are preparation programs in LD/mild handicaps effective in training preservice special educators to apply the instructional approaches they emphasize (whatever they may be called)? Can learning disabilities professionals play a useful role in getting regular educators to replicate the application of research-based instructional strategies to prevent so many children from failing in the first place?
The medial prefrontal cortex is critical for memory retrieval and resolving interference

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to be critically involved in strategy switching, attentional set shifting, and inhibition of prepotent responses. A central feature of this kind of behavioral flexibility is the ability to resolve conflicting response tendencies, suggesting a general role of the PFC in resolving interference. If so, the PFC should also be involved in memory retrieval, which involves competition between potential retrieval targets. Moreover, the PFC should be needed whenever interference is high, regardless of the strategic or attentional requirements of the task. To test this hypothesis, we temporarily inactivated the mPFC with muscimol and tested rats on several olfactory learning tasks. Rats given muscimol were able to learn a few discrimination problems when they were learned one at a time. However, they were severely impaired when they had to learn and remember many odors concurrently. Rats given muscimol also suffered greater interference when learning two lists of conflicting odor discrimination problems. Additionally, temporary mPFC inactivation during the acquisition of one set of odor memories actually improved the ability to learn a new set of conflicting odor memories. This paradoxical release from interference suggests that the mPFC plays an important role in acquiring and promoting the long term retrieval of memories. These results suggest that the mPFC plays a general role in resolving interference and that this is a key aspect of behavioral flexibility.
A Product and Process Engineering Laboratory for Freshmen

In a new Product and Process Engineering Laboratory, teams of two or three freshman engineering students explore six engineered products or processes by playing the successive roles of user, assembler, and engineering analyst. This format provides a hands-on, collaborative learning environment to improve students' manipulative, problem-solving, and creative thinking skills. The lab also endows freshmen with a desired, early identity as engineers. Student responses to the first two offerings of the laboratory have been positive.
Assessing smectic liquid-crystal continuum models for elastic bilayer deformations

Abstract For four decades, since W. Helfrich's pioneering study of smectic A liquid crystals in 1973, continuum elastic models (CEMs) have been employed as tools to understand the energetics of protein-induced lipid bilayer deformations. Among the assumptions underlying this use is that all relevant protein–lipid interactions can be included in the continuum representation of the protein–bilayer interactions through the physical parameters determined for protein-free bilayers and the choice of boundary conditions at the protein/bilayer interface. To better understand this assumption, we review the general structure of CEMs, examine how different choices of boundary conditions and physical moduli profiles alter the predicted bilayer thickness profiles around gramicidin A (gA) and mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), respectively, and compare these profiles with those obtained from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the profiles differ qualitatively in the first lipid shell around the channels, indicating that the CEMs do not capture accurately the consequences of the protein-induced local changes in lipid bilayer dynamics. Therefore, one needs to be careful when interpreting the results of CEM-based analyses of lipid bilayer-membrane protein interactions.
The magnitude and nature of the decrease in coronary heart disease mortality rate

Abstract The age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality rate has fallen by 40% in the United States over the last 30 years, primarily since the late 1960s. Although cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in this country, the rate of deaths from Cardiovascular disease have dropped to below 50%, and the rate continues to decrease. In actual numbers, it has been estimated that as many as 300,000 people between the ages of 35 and 65 years would have died from coronary heart disease between 1968 and 1978 if the mortality rate had remained unchanged. The extent of the decline varies with different areas of the country and most dramatically affects the black population. Between 1970 and 1980, life expectancy increased by 2.7 years for white men, 2.5 years for white women, 3.7 years for black men, and 4.0 years for black women. Attempts to analyze the decline in mortality must take 2 features of mortality into consideration: incidence and case fatality, which reflect changes in primary prevention factors and in treatment methods, respectively. However, data on cardiovascular, disease conflict and are difficult to interpret. Many methods of estimating the potential effect of altering or eliminating potential risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and cholesterol have been explored, with encouraging results.
Quenched magnetic transitions from high spin states in light nuclei

Recent investigations of stretchedM 6 transitions in thes-d shell have uncovered the unexpected systematic trend that isoscalarM 6 transitions are two to three times more retarded than the isovector ones. We present the result of a microscopic calculation analyzing the different mechanisms usually invoked in the formation of the quenching and suggest that an additional argument based on the difference in structure between isoscalar and isovector transition densities may be playing a predominant role in explaining the data.
Spectral estimation: An impossibility?

Many methods of estimating the power spectrum are based upon the autocorrelation function. As the data is finite in duration, only a portion of the autocorrelation function can be directly estimated. An example of the insufficiency of using only a portion of the autocorrelation function for spectral estimation is discussed.
Social vs. Military Spending: How the Escalating Pentagon Budget Crowds out Public Infrastructure and Aggravates Natural Disasters—the Case of Hurricane Katrina

This paper puts forth (and documents) an argument that the escalating US military spending at the expense of non-military public spending is steadily undermining the critical national objective of public-capital formation (both physical and human) and that, if not stopped, the resulting trend will stint long term productivitiy and economic growth, as it erodes both physical and soft/social infrastructure. An equally high opportunity cost of the colossal Pentagon budget in terms of forgone or neglected public infrastructure is vulnerability in the face of natural disasters, as evidenced, for example, by Hurricane Katrina's devastation of the City of New Orleans.
P52: Factors Influencing Behavior Outcomes of Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) Participants

P52 Factors Influencing Behavior Outcomes of Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) Participants Justine R. Hoover, MS, Iowa State University, jruby@iastate.edu; Peggy A. Martin, MS, RD, SPHR, Iowa State University, 101 MacKay Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, peggym@iastate.edu; Ruth E. Litchfield, PhD, RD, LD, Iowa State University, 1104 HNSB, Ames, IA, 50011, litch@iastate.edu
Chatter Stability Mapping for Simultaneous Machining

A novel analytical tool is presented to assess the stability of simultaneous machining (SM) dynamics, also known as parallel machining (PM). In SM, multiple cutting tools, which are driven by multiple spindles at different speeds, operate on the same work-piece. Its superior machining efficiency is the main reason for using SM compared with the traditional single tool machining (STM). When SM is optimized in the sense of maximizing the rate of metal removal constrained with the machined surface quality, typical “chatter instability” phenomenon appears. Chatter instability for single tool machining (STM) is broadly studied in the literature. When formulated for SM, however, the problem becomes notoriously more complex. There is practically no literature on the SM chatter, except a few ad-hoc and inconclusive reports. This study presents a unique treatment, which declares the complete stability picture of SM chatter within the mathematical framework of multiple time-delay systems (MTDS). We utilize our recent methodology, called the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR), which is developed for this general class of dynamics. As an end result CTCR offers the regions of stability completely in the domain of the spindle speeds. This new methodology opens the research to some interesting directions. They, in essence, aim towards duplicating the “stability lobes” concept of STM for SM, which is clearly a nontrivial task.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Polysomes Extracted from Escherichia coli by Freeze-Thaw-Lysozyme Lysis

Polysomes can be extracted from Escherichia coli by freezing and thawing in the presence of lysozyme, followed by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. The method is simple and convenient; the yields consistently high.
Hypersalivation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: We sought to determine whether hypersalivation helps lateralize seizure onset during complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Several clinical signs, which help lateralize seizure onset, have been reported in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Increased salivation only occasionally has been reported as a manifestation of partial epilepsy. Methods: Of 590 consecutive patients admitted for video-EEG monitoring, either as a part of a presurgical evaluation of medically intractable epilepsy or for diagnosis and clarification of their paroxysmal symptoms, we identified 10 patients with ictal hypersalivation as a prominent manifestation of complex partial seizures. We reviewed the clinical features, scalp-sphenoidal video-EEG monitoring, intracarotid amytal (Wada) testing, hippocampal volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans of these patients. Results: Of the 10 patients with ictal hypersalivation, seven patients had nondominant/right TLE, and three patients had dominant/left TLE. All patients had hippocampal atrophy on volumetric MRI. Eight of the 10 patients underwent standard temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (six right, two left). All of the operated-on patients had a seizure-free (Engel class I) outcome, and their increased salivation resolved. Two patients, who did not undergo surgical treatment, continue to have complex partial seizures with increased salivation. Conclusions: We conclude that increased salivation as a prominent ictal finding in complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin is more likely to be of nondominant temporal lobe origin. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to replicate this finding.
A Geometric Approach To Multisensor Fusion

Multisensor fusion is by integrating several numerical and spatial sensory data to obtain more complete spatial information about the environment. The first step is to gather 3-D spatial information about the environment by partial surface reconstruction from each sensory image data. The second step is to integrate different 3-D spatial information derived from image data, considered as partial and incomplete information, by combination techniques.
Hydrogen Production Using Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolyzer with Solid Carbon Reductant in Liquid Metal Anode

A laboratory-scale solid oxide membrane (SOM) steam electrolyzer that can potentially utilize the energy value of coal or any hydrocarbon reductant to produce high purity hydrogen has been fabricated and evaluated. The SOM electrolyzer consists of an oxygen-ion-conducting yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte with a Ni-YSZ cermet cathode coated on one side and liquid tin anode on the other side. Hydrogen production using the SOM electrolyzer was successfully demonstrated between 900 and 1000{sup o}C by feeding a steam-rich gas to the Ni-YSZ cermet cathode and solid carbon reductant into the liquid tin anode. It was confirmed that the energy required for hydrogen production can be effectively lowered by feeding a solid carbon reductant in the liquid tin anode. A polarization model for the SOM electrolyzer was developed. The experimental data obtained under different operating conditions were curve fitted into the model to identify the various polarization losses. Based on the results of this study, work needed toward increasing the electrochemical performance of the SOM electrolyzer is discussed.
The CENP-F-like Proteins HCP-1 and HCP-2 Target CLASP to Kinetochores to Mediate Chromosome Segregation

Summary During chromosome segregation, kinetochores form dynamic connections with spindle microtubules. In vertebrates, these attachments require the activities of a number of outer kinetochore proteins, including CENP-F [1, 2] and the widely conserved microtubule-associated protein CLASP [3]. Here, we investigate the functional relationship between HCP-1/2, two redundant CENP-F-like proteins, and CLASP CLS-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans . HCP-1/2 and CLASP CLS-2 localize transiently to mitotic C. elegans kinetochores with nearly identical kinetic profiles, and biochemical purifications demonstrate that they also associate physically. In embryos depleted of HCP-1/2, CLASP CLS-2 no longer localizes to chromosomes, whereas CLASP CLS-2 depletion does not prevent HCP-1/2 targeting. Consistent with the localization dependency and biochemical association, depletion of HCP-1/2 or CLASP CLS-2 resulted in virtually identical defects in mitotic chromosome segregation characterized by a failure of sister-chromatid biorientation. This phenotype could be partially suppressed by disrupting the astral forces that pull spindle poles apart in the 1 cell embryo, indicating that CLASP CLS-2 is required for biorientation when chromosome-spindle attachments are subjected to poleward force. Our results establish that the key role of HCP-1/2 is to target CLASP CLS-2 to kinetochores, and they support the recently proposed model that CLASP functions to promote the polymerization of kinetochore bound microtubules [4].
CTG Repeats Show Bimodal Amplification in E. coli

Trinucleotide repeats in human genetic disorders showing anticipation follow two inheritance patterns as a function of length. Inheritance of 35-50 repeats show incremental changes, while tracts greater than 80 repeats show large saltatory expansions. We describe a bacterial system that recapitulates this striking bimodal pattern of CTG amplification. Incremental expansions predominate in CTG tracts or = Okazaki fragment size. CTG amplification requires loss of SbcC, a protein that modulates cleavage of single-stranded DNA and degradation of duplex DNA from double-strand breaks. These results suggest that noncanonical single strand-containing secondary structures in Okazaki fragments and/or double-strand breaks in repeat tracts are intermediates in CTG amplification.
New Compactifications of Chiral $N=2 d=10$ Supergravity

Abstract We present a number of new compactifying solutions of chiral N = 2 ten-dimensional supergravity to five dimensions. Several are of the standard Freund-Rubin type; we give a complete classification of such compactifications for which the internal space M 5 is a coset manifold. In another type of solution M 5 is a non-Einstein U(1) bundle over a four-dimensional Kahler space, and the complex three-index field strength is nonvanishing in the internal directions. The latter construction gives a solution with SU(3) symmetry when M 5 is taken to be a stretched five-sphere.
Involvement of tumor suppressors PTEN and p53 in the formation of multiple subtypes of liposarcoma

Liposarcoma (LPS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that mostly occurs in adults, and in humans is characterized by amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4. The molecular pathogenesis of this malignancy is still poorly understood and, therefore, we developed a mouse model with conditional inactivation of PTEN and p53 to investigate these pathways in the progression of the disease. We show that deletion of these two tumor suppressors cooperate in the formation of multiple subtypes of LPS (from well-differentiated LPS to pleomorphic LPS). In addition, progression of the tumors is further characterized by the expression of D cyclins and CDK4/6, which allow for continued cell division. Microarray analysis also revealed novel genes that are differentially expressed between different subtypes of LPS, which could aid in understanding the disease and to unravel potential new therapeutic targets.
SWIMMING WITH THE LARVAL FISHES

![Figure][1] Reynolds number ( Re ) has long been used to characterize hydrodynamic environments. Whether you are interested in objects moving through a fluid, or fluids moving through or past objects, Re quantifies the ratio of inertial-to-viscous forces involved. In the past few decades,
Heart and Skeletal Muscle During Recovery from Hyperthyroidism.

ConclusionIn the hearts of rats recovering from hyperthyroidism restoration of the creatine concentration occurs in advance of any marked anatomic improvement and it is therefore not inconsistent to find normal values in the presence of moderate myocardial damage. Reparative processes occur somewhat more gradually in skeletal than in cardiac muscle and the restoration of creatine to normal more nearly parallels the degree of tissue regeneration.
Extubación del paciente perioperatorio con una vía aérea difícil

Resumen Existe un volumen importante de literatura dedicada al tema del manejo de la via aerea dificil, y se han desarrollado una serie de algoritmos y recomendaciones para el manejo seguro de pacientes en riesgo de una intubacion dificil. Sin embargo, solo recientemente se ha despertado una mayor conciencia acerca de la extubacion de la via aerea dificil, pues aun cuando sea un procedimiento programado, suele estar plagado de complicaciones. La importancia de desarrollar estrategias pre-programadas para la extubacion de la via aerea dificil a fin de aumentar la seguridad del paciente y sus desenlaces se hace evidente a partir de los datos del ASA Closed Claims Analysis y del reciente Cuarto Proyecto Nacional de Auditoria del Reino Unido sobre complicaciones mayores en el manejo de la via aerea. La clave para un manejo exitoso de los pacientes en riesgo de extubacion dificil es efectuar una evaluacion precisa de riesgo, aplicar estrategias apropiadas y la preparacion tanto del medico como de la institucion.
Pro Yakyu and technical communication: performing cultural analysis with a baseball bat

Cross-cultural communication studies provide prescriptive lists of rules for managers and technical communicators to follow when they converse with members of other cultures. However, many of the existing studies focus on entire nations as homogeneous cultural groups, a drastic oversimplification that overlooks many potential variations in the national character. Before comparing the communication customs and practices of two countries, it is useful to identify' a specific cultural group that can serve as a microcosm of the national culture. Baseball comprises a single culture within both Japan and the US; the national character of each country has been infused into the game in each country, a process that reflects the specific characteristics and values of each culture. This paper provides an examination of the differences in these styles, an examination that yields surprisingly useful information for technical communicators with clients and teammates overseas.
Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging for cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia

Over 7 million people worldwide die annually from erratic heart rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias), and many more are disabled. Yet there is no imaging modality to identify patients at risk, provide accurate diagnosis and guide therapy. Standard diagnostic techniques such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) provide only low-resolution projections of cardiac electrical activity on the body surface. Here we demonstrate the successful application in humans of a new imaging modality called electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), which noninvasively images cardiac electrical activity in the heart. In ECGI, a multielectrode vest records 224 body-surface electrocardiograms; electrical potentials, electrograms and isochrones are then reconstructed on the heart's surface using geometrical information from computed tomography (CT) and a mathematical algorithm. We provide examples of ECGI application during atrial and ventricular activation and ventricular repolarization in (i) normal heart (ii) heart with a conduction disorder (right bundle branch block) (iii) focal activation initiated by right or left ventricular pacing, and (iv) atrial flutter.
Analysis And Characterization Of Electrically Conductive Adhesives

Electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are considered an alternative to solder interconnection in microelectronic circuit packaging. In an effort to understand the performance of this class of materials, several chemical analytical techniques have been employed to characterize polymer chemistry, filler morphology and surface chemistry. These techniques include fourier transform mass spectroscopy pyrolysis (FTMS), optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples studied were conductive adhesive layers and deposits, plated metal surfaces, cross‐sections of bonded joints and fractured bonds. Electrical contact resistance data were also taken on bonded joints. Three commercial adhesives were studied. It was found that thermal stability varied among the three adhesives with one adhesive showing degradation at as low as 200 °C. Differences were also noted in silver flake size, morphology and apparent contact area. Excellent contact resistance stability is achieved with two formulations on a palladium‐nickel alloy surface. In contrast, a hard gold surface yielded unstable contact resistance. Fractured bond surfaces were studied for both stable and unstable joints to understand mechanisms for contact resistance degradation. The increase in contact resistance is most likely caused by oxygen ingress along an interfacial bond where the adherend surface is smooth. The matrix polymer oxidized at the interface when exposed to temperatures above the glass transition temperature. Tin surfaces cause increasing contact resistance and nickel surfaces give an initial contact resistance that is more than two orders of magnitude higher than noble metal surfaces. Oxide formation in both cases is the likely cause for the unstable and high resistances. Various analytical techniques have been used to characterize and differentiate electrically conductive adhesives. Differences among three adhesives are noted and correlated to contact resistance performance.
Effects of APOE ε4, age, and HIV on glial metabolites and cognitive deficits

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of HIV and APOE e4 allele(s) on glial metabolite levels, and on known cognitive deficits associated with either condition, across the ages. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven participants, primarily of white and mixed race (97 seronegative subjects: aged 44.7 ± 1.3 years, 85 [87.6%] men, 28 [28.9%] APOE e4+; 80 HIV+ subjects: aged 47.3 ± 1.1 years, 73 [91.3%] men, 23 [28.8%] APOE e4+), were assessed cross-sectionally for metabolite concentrations using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4 brain regions and for neuropsychological performance. Results: Frontal white matter myo -inositol was elevated in subjects with HIV across the age span but showed age-dependent increase in seronegative subjects, especially in APOE e4+ carriers. In contrast, only seronegative APOE e4+ subjects showed elevated myo -inositol in parietal cortex. All APOE e4+ subjects had lower total creatine in basal ganglia. While all HIV subjects showed greater cognitive deficits, HIV+ APOE e4+ subjects had the poorest executive function, fluency memory, and attention/working memory. Higher myo -inositol levels were associated with poorer fine motor function across all subjects, slower speed of information processing in APOE e4+ subjects, and worse fluency in HIV+ APOE e4+ subjects. Conclusions: In frontal white matter of subjects with HIV, the persistent elevation and lack of normal age-dependent increase in myo- inositol suggest that persistent glial activation attenuated the typical antagonistic pleiotropic effects of APOE e4 on neuroinflammation. APOE e4 negatively affects energy metabolism in brain regions rich in dopaminergic synapses. The combined effects of HIV infection and APOE e4 may lead to greater cognitive deficits, especially in those with greater neuroinflammation. APOE e4 allele(s) may be a useful genetic marker to identify white and mixed-race HIV subjects at risk for cognitive decline.
Antisocial personality disorder and borderline symptoms are differentially related to impulsivity and course of illness in bipolar disorder.

Background Interactions between characteristics of bipolar and Axis II cluster B disorders are clinically and diagnostically challenging. Characteristics associated with personality disorders may be dimensional aspects of bipolar disorder. We investigated relationships among antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder symptoms, impulsivity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder.