cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Root-Mean-Square Profiles under Varying Power Frequency: Computation and Applications

The operating power frequency fluctuates around its nominal value under normal conditions based on the dynamic balance between load demand and generation levels. This frequency variation creates a challenge in computing and analyzing voltage and current root-mean-square values over time, since sliding windows may not cover an integer number of cycles of the sampled voltage and/or current data. The overall objective of this paper is to present an adaptive resampling technique for the voltage and current waveforms, such that each sliding window used for computation of power quality parameters always cover an exact integer number of cycles. This technique is illustrated for a capacitor de-energizing operation, which is detected through a step change in the rms voltage profile. Once this de-energizing operation has been detected, the voltage waveform is resampled and the rms voltage profile with a high time resolution is obtained through a fast and recursive approach. Finally, the exact capacitor de-energizing instant is estimated. The proposed approach is shown to be simple, yet robust and accurate.
Quantitative form and fit of N95 filtering facepiece respirators are retained and coronavirus surrogate is inactivated after heat treatments

Summary Re-use of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs, commonly referred to as N95s) normally meant for single use only is becoming common in healthcare facilities due to shortages caused by the COVID19 pandemic. Here we report that mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) initially seeded on FFR filter material is inactivated (6 log reduction as measured by 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)) after dry heating at 75 oC for 30 minutes. We also find that the quantitative fit of FFRs after heat treatment at this temperature, under dry conditions or at 90% relative humidity, is not affected by single or ten heating cycles. Previous studies have reported that the filtration efficiency of FFR filters is not negatively impacted by these heating conditions. These results suggest that thermal inactivation of coronaviruses is a potentially rapid and widely deployable method to re-use N95 FFRs in emergency situations where re-using FFRs is a necessity and broad-spectrum sterilization is unavailable. However, we also found that a heat source that emits radiation (e.g., an exposed heating element) results in rapid qualitative degradation of the FFR. Finally, we discuss differences in the results reported here and other recent studies investing heat as a means to recycle FFRs and suggest that overall wear time and donning/doffing cycles are important factors that need to be considered.
Ab initio polaritonic potential-energy surfaces for excited-state nanophotonics and polaritonic chemistry.

Advances in nanophotonics, quantum optics, and low-dimensional materials have enabled precise control of light–matter interactions down to the nanoscale. Combining concepts from each of these fields, there is now an opportunity to create and manipulate photonic matter via strong coupling of molecules to the electromagnetic field. Toward this goal, here we demonstrate a first principles framework to calculate polaritonic excited-state potential-energy surfaces, transition dipole moments, and transition densities for strongly coupled light–matter systems. In particular, we demonstrate the applicability of our methodology by calculating the polaritonic excited-state manifold of a formaldehyde molecule strongly coupled to an optical cavity. This proof-of-concept calculation shows how strong coupling can be exploited to alter photochemical reaction pathways by influencing avoided crossings with tuning of the cavity frequency and coupling strength. Therefore, by introducing an ab initio method to calculate excited-state potential-energy surfaces, our work opens a new avenue for the field of polaritonic chemistry.
Novel Potent IFN-γ-Inducing CD8 + T Cell Epitopes Conserved among Diverse Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains

Studies of immune responses elicited by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines have primarily focused on the characterization of neutralizing B cell and CD4+ T cell epitopes. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for decades, BVDV prevalence in cattle has remained largely unaffected. There is limited knowledge regarding the role of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells in immune protection, and indirect evidence suggests that they play a crucial role during BVDV infection. In this study, the presence of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells that are highly cross-reactive in cattle was demonstrated. Most importantly, novel potent IFN-γ-inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from different regions of BVDV polyprotein. Eight CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from the following structural BVDV Ags: Erns, E1, and E2 glycoproteins. In addition, from nonstructural BVDV Ags Npro, NS2-3, NS4A-B, and NS5A-B, 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified. The majority of these IFN-γ-inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were found to be highly conserved among more than 200 strains from BVDV-1 and -2 genotypes. These conserved epitopes were also validated as cross-reactive because they induced high recall IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell responses ex vivo in purified bovine CD8+ T cells isolated from BVDV-1- and -2-immunized cattle. Altogether, 28 bovine MHC class I-binding epitopes were identified from key BVDV Ags that can elicit broadly reactive CD8+ T cells against diverse BVDV strains. The data presented in this study will lay the groundwork for the development of a contemporary CD8+ T cell-based BVDV vaccine capable of addressing BVDV heterogeneity more effectively than current vaccines.
Comorbid early psychosis and borderline personality disorder: Conceptualizing clinical overlap, etiology, and treatment

Despite substantial efforts aimed at the detection and intervention for early symptoms of mental illness, there is relatively limited research on the clinical overlap between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and early psychosis, for example, clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, in young people. We present a narrative review of the clinical overlap between BPD and psychosis spectrum symptoms. Both conditions have unstable temporal course, and both are marked by functional impairment, increased suicide risk, and higher rates of psychiatric inpatient services. We then review evidence-based treatments for psychosis and BPD, emphasizing treatments for early presentations of these symptoms and initial research considering treatments for the overlap. Psychotherapies with the strongest empirical support include cognitive behavioral models, with BPD showing limited response to adjunctive pharmacotherapy. We end by discussing specific recommendations for future research, including longitudinal studies to determine the predictors of the course of illness and the development of treatments to target comorbid BPD and CHR symptoms.
Daily Ecological Momentary Assessments of happy and sad moods in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: What do participants who are never sad think about their activities and abilities?

Abstract Objectives People with schizophrenia have challenges in their self-assessments of everyday functioning and those who report no sadness also tend to overestimate their everyday functional abilities. While previous studies were cross-sectional, this study related longitudinal assessments of sadness to self-reports of abilities in domains of everyday functioning and cognitive abilities. Methods 71 people with bipolar illness (BPI) were compared to 102 people with schizophrenia (SCZ). Participants were sampled 3 times per day for 30 days with a smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) survey. Each survey asked where they were, with whom they were, what they were doing, and if they were sad. Performance based assessments of executive functioning, social competence, and everyday activities were collected after the EMA period, at which time the participants and observers were asked to provide ratings of three different domains of everyday functioning and neurocognitive ability. Results 18% of participants with SCZ reported that they were never sad on any one of the 90 EMA surveys. Reports of never being sad were associated with overestimated functioning compared to observers and SCZ participants who reported that they were never sad were more commonly home and alone than both SCZ participants who reported occasional sadness and participants with BPI. These participants reported being significantly happier than all people in the study. Implications Reporting that you were never sad was associated with overestimation of everyday functioning and cognitive abilities. Although participants who were never sad did not perform more poorly on objective measures than those were occasionally sad, their self-assessed functioning was significantly elevated. These data suggest that negative symptoms constructs such as reduced emotional experience need to consider reduced ability to subjectively evaluate emotional experience as a feature of negative symptoms.
Effectiveness of Network Interdiction Strategies to Limit Contagion During a Pandemic

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has been declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Besides claiming over 3 million lives worldwide, COVID-19 led to unprecedented disruption in industrial productivity, trading, and global food supply, resulting in loss of livelihood. Despite initial success in curbing the spread of diseases through a lockdown and rapid vaccine development, human lives are threatened by sudden outbreaks from new strains of the virus. This motivates the conceptualization of effective interdiction rules to inform human mobility in a manner that the damage to lives as well as the economy could be minimized. In this work, we present three interdiction rules that employ machine learning-based network inference on daily infected cases to infer the influence of contagion between neighboring zones. The proposed rules leverage network science concepts such as coloring and clustering to attain time-varying partial or complete travel restrictions. Through extensive simulation experiments, we show that these strategies yield lower infection spread than greedy and random migration-based tie elimination approaches as well as a balance between contagion mitigation and economic gain.
Wheat stubble height effects on soil water capture and retention during long fallow

Abstract A 4-yr study was conducted in a dry Mediterranean region of the Inland Pacific Northwest USA (PNW) to measure winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble height and orientation effects on overwinter precipitation capture in the soil and subsequent water retention during ensuing dry summer months. The stubble was left standing and undisturbed during the 13-mo fallow periods. Stubble-height treatments were:(i) short (8 cm), (ii) medium (25 cm), and (iii) tall (75 cm). An additional treatment: (iv) mow tall stubble in mid-June, was included in the final two years. Soil water measurements were obtained at the beginning, middle, and end of fallow in 15-cm increments to a depth of 180 cm. Additionally, seed-zone water content was measured at the end of fallow in 2-cm increments to a depth of 26 cm. Near-surface soil temperature was measured from June-August. On average, tall- and medium-height stubble captured 34 and 32 mm (p = 0.002) more overwinter precipitation, respectively, than short stubble and these values were particularly pronounced (91 and 79 mm greater than short stubble) during a winter of heavy snow drifting. However, from mid-April until late August, the tall stubble lost an average of 91 mm of soil water compared to 70 and 59 mm in the medium and short stubble treatments (p 1 °C among treatments. We speculate that soil in the tall treatment was warmest and lost the most over-summer water because all stubble was standing and offered less soil shading than the other treatments. At the end of fallow, medium and tall stubble averaged 14 and 8 mm greater soil water, respectively, than the short treatment (p = 0.027). Short stubble was a disadvantage for overwinter precipitation capture but was equal or better than the other treatments for retaining soil water from April to late August; presumably because this treatment had the most residue lying flat on the soil surface for shading. These findings offer opportunity to improve current models for soil water dynamics during fallow by incorporating stubble height. For combined soil water retention and farm management factors, medium-height WW stubble is the best fallow option for farmers in the PNW drylands.
Plasmon-Enhanced Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Triplet-Triplet Annihilation

Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) process includes two categories, a homogeneous TTA occurring between two triplet excited molecules of the same type such as the homogeneous TTA upconversion (TTA-UC) and a heterogeneous TTA occurring between two triplet excited molecules of different types such as the heterogeneous TTA-UC, or between a triplet excited state and a triplet ground state such as the sensitized singlet oxygen generation. To the other front, noble metal nanostructures are known to exhibit an extraordinary capability to manipulate light through the collective oscillations of their conduction-band electrons, the so-called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR). Plasmonic nanostructures have been shown to be able to dramatically enhance the performances of many optical systems. In this book chapter, we will use a few examples to demonstrate that LSPR of noble metal nanoparticles can enhance the efficiency of both categories of TTA, and to discuss the conditions where such plasmonic enhancement would occur. The results shed light onto ways to improve the overall TTA efficiency, which would be relevant to the broad applications involving TTA-UC or sensitized singlet oxygen generation.
Effects of Applied Axial Magnetic Fields on Current Coupling in Maglif Experiments on the Z Machine

The Z machine is a pulsed power generator located at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is capable of producing a >20 MA current pulse that is directed onto an experimental load. While a diverse array of experiments are conducted on the Z machine, including x-ray production and dynamic materials science experiments, the focus of this presentation are the Magnetic Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments. In these experiments, an axial magnetic field is applied to the load region, where a cylindrical, fuel-filled metal liner is imploded. We explore the effects of this field on the ability to efficiently couple the generator current to the load, and the extent to which this field interrupts the magnetic insulation of the inner-most transmission line. We find that at the present-day applied field values, the effects of the applied field on current coupling are negligible. Estimates of the potential impact on current coupling of the larger applied field values planned for future experiments are also given. Shunted current is measured with B-dot probes and flyer velocimetry techniques. Analytical calculations, 2D particle-in-cell simulations, and experimental measurements will be presented.
Creating something out of nothing: Enacting critical civic engagement in urban classrooms

Critical civic engagement (CCE) is a pedagogical framework for civic education in urban settings. CCE as a pedagogical approach engages student lived experience, develops critical thinking, and fac...
Characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 50% of all patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are aged ≥65 years; however, this group is relatively understudied, and to the authors's knowledge, optimal treatment for older patients is not well defined. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of PCNSL patients aged ≥65 years who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1986 and 2008. A multivariate analysis of demographic and clinical variables on prognosis and receipt of treatment was performed. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four patients between the ages of 65 and 89 years were identified; there was a slight predominance of women (52.9%). One hundred forty-eight patients were treated with chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis (98% with methotrexate-based therapy) and 31 of these patients also received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Sixteen patients received WBRT alone. A radiographic response to chemotherapy was noted in 76% of patients. Ninety patients developed disease progression after initial treatment; 74 received salvage therapy and 48% of these patients responded to salvage treatment. The median overall survival was 25 months (range, 18-33 months), and the 3-year survival rate was 36%. Approximately 20.1% of patients were alive for ≥11 years. WBRT was delivered more frequently before 1998, and patients with a history of prior malignancy were less likely to receive WBRT. Age and performance status were identified as the most important predictors of survival. Treatment-related neurotoxicity at 2 years was strongly associated with receipt of WBRT (P = .0002). CONCLUSIONS: PCNSL in the elderly remains sensitive to methotrexate-based chemotherapy and aggressive treatment may be warranted both at the time of diagnosis and disease recurrence. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Immunology in clinic review series; focus on autoinflammatory diseases: update on monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: the role of interleukin (IL)‐1 and an emerging role for cytokines beyond IL‐1

The disease-based discovery of the molecular basis for autoinflammatory diseases has led not only to a rapidly growing number of clinically and genetically identifiable disorders, but has unmantled key inflammatory pathways such as the potent role of the alarm cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 in human disease. Following its initial failures in the treatment of sepsis and the moderate success in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, IL-1 blocking therapies had a renaissance in the treatment of a number of autoinflammatory conditions, and IL-1 blocking therapies have been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of the autoinflammatory conditions: cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). CAPS and deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), both genetic conditions with molecular defects in the IL-1 pathway, have provided a pathogenic rationale to IL-1 blocking therapies, and the impressive clinical results confirmed the pivotal role of IL-1 in human disease. Furthermore, IL-1 blocking strategies have shown clinical benefit in a number of other genetically defined autoinflammatory conditions, and diseases with clinical similarities to the monogenic disorders and not yet identified genetic causes. The discovery that IL-1 is not only triggered by infectious danger signals but also by danger signals released from metabolically ‘stressed’ or even dying cells has extended the concept of autoinflammation to disorders such as gout, and those that were previously not considered inflammatory, such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, obesity and some degenerative diseases, and provided the conceptual framework to target IL-1 in these diseases. Despite the tremendous success of IL-1 blocking therapy, the use of these agents in a wider spectrum of autoinflammatory conditions has uncovered disease subsets that are not responsive to IL-1 blockade, including the recently discovered proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes such as chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperatures (CANDLE), Japanese autoinflammatory syndrome with lipodystrophy (JASL), Nakajo–Nishimura syndrome (NNS) and joint contractures, muscle atrophy, panniculitis induced lipodystrophy (JMP), and urge the continued quest to characterize additional dysregulated innate immune pathways that cause autoinflammatory conditions.
Neither Father nor Doctor “Knows Best”: From Tradition to Choice in the Family and on the Wards

This review article analyzes 3 developments within the world of health care that involve concomitant changes in the scope of family and the form of family relationships. The first follows from construction of the informed-consent doctrine and its implementation, the second stems from stunning innovations in reproductive technology, and the third involves the increasing significance of genetic information for medicine. The article suggests that an analysis of changing relationships within the world of health care may offer insights about shifts in the meaning of family. As social domains, the world of family and the world of health care have undergone similar transformations during the past half century. Shifts in the foundational assumptions in each domain—that of the family and that of health care—inform shifts in the other domain. Examining the actualization of these shifts can assist scholars and practitioners in guiding discourse and in resolving disputes among family members and among those who populate the world of health care, including clinicians, patients, and patients' family members.
Failures of Categoricity and Compositionality for Intuitionistic Disjunction

There are at least two reasonable types of logical inferentialism. The first type of inferentialism views the meaning of a connective in proof-theoretic terms, having no truck with ordinary model theory except in its role as an instrument to illuminate various proof-theoretic features of a connective. The second type of inferentialism is more modest, allowing that we have some prior conception of the meaning that the natural deduction rules for a particular connective determine. Such a position would look to the conditions forced by acceptance of a set of rules against a background model theory for an account of connective meaning. This position is moderate, plausible, and problematic. In the case of classical logic, against the presumption of standard extensional semantics, Carnap long ago demonstrated the general failure of proof-rules to induce the intended boolean interpretation of the connectives. There have been a number of attempts to solve this problem by modifying the natural deduction format, but none have achieved anything like a consensus.
Oligomer Formation By 3D Domain Swapping: A Model For Protein Assembly And Misassembly

Publisher Summary This chapter examines one type of interchain, noncovalent protein-protein bond: 3D domain swapping. To date, 3D domain swapping has been definitively established only in closed oligomers and seen in crystallographic detail only in dimeric proteins. The extent and significance of 3D domain swapping in functional and malfunctional protein assemblies are explored. The tendency of a protein to undergo 3D domain swapping is governed by structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic factors. Structural factors are considered in the following section; thermodynamic and kinetic factors are discussed here, which has specific features for diphtheria toxin but also general features that apply to all 3D domain swapped proteins. The thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern 3D domain swapping are influenced by the amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of the protein, which in turn are affected by mutations. The most critical factor is that the protein contains a segment of polypeptide chain that can act as a hinge loop. The role of amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure in 3D domain swapping is discussed. The chapter closes with a brief consideration of the possibility that 3D domain swapping is a mechanism for the formation of amyloid or other pathological aggregates of proteins.
Intensive surveillance of midazolam use in hospitalized patients and the occurrence of cardiorespiratory arrest.

Midazolam, a benzodiazepine used extensively as a sedative and a hypnotic for patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient medical procedures, has been associated with several side effects, the most serious of which are cardiac and respiratory arrest. We studied the use of midazolam and its association with cardiac and respiratory arrest among hospital patients at our institution. From 1988 through 1990 we identified 5439 patients exposed to midazolam, representing 8% of ail patients admitted; 3031 (55.7%) received midazoiam while not on mechanical ventilation. In the majority of patients the drug was given as a one-time dose, and the total dose was less than or equal to 5 mg in more than 70%. Three patients (0.099%) experienced respiratory arrest. All three events occurred within 2 hours after the last dose of midazolam had been given. All patients were elderly and all survived. The rate of respiratory arrest appears low at our institution and was associated with high doses of midazolam, concurrent use of opiates, and use in elderly patients.
On Nonuniversal Symport/Antiport P Systems

We examine restricted SA P system models and analyze minimal systems with regard to the size of the alphabet and the number of membranes. We study the precise power of SA P systems with either 1, 2, or 3 symbols and less than 5, 4, and 3 membranes, respectively, improving the previous results. The question of whether using only a single symbol with any number of membranes is universal remains open.
Recherches Sur La Physiologie Du Systéme Nerveux Autonome

(1933). Recherches Sur La Physiologie Du Systeme Nerveux Autonome. Archives Internationales de Physiologie: Vol. 38, No. 2-3, pp. 138-159.
Decision Making for Chinese Students to Receive Their Higher Education in the U.S.

This study examines why Chinese students come to the U.S. for their higher education. Due to the large number of Chinese students in the U.S, this research attempts to explore the decision making considerations Chinese students choose to study abroad. International student enrollment plays an important role in higher education in the U.S. and a much needed sources of financial revenue. The results indicate that Chinese students want to develop a global view and depart from the traditional Chinese system of college education. The Chinese students participated in this study want to learn more innovations and skills that prepare them for a better future. Both administrators and educators in higher education need to learn the aspects of this market segment, not only for serving this small group, but also expand the cultural diversity into the whole higher education.
Discrete and Continuous Processes in Computers and Brains

Theories of computation and theories of the brain have close historical interrelations, the best-known examples being Turing’s introspective use of the brain’s operation as a model for his idealized computing machine (Turing 1936), McCulloch’s and Pitts’ use of ideal switching elements to model the brain (McCulloch and Pitts 1943), and von Neumann’s comparison of the logic and physics of both brains and computers (von Neumann 1958).
The Role of Pavlovian Conditioning in Sexual Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Human and Nonhuman Animals

The literature on human sexual deviations is replete with case studies and behavior therapies that demonstrate successful treatment of maladaptive sexual behavior acquired through Pavlovian conditioning. Ironically, the empirical research with humans in this area is limited and plagued by methodological confounds. Nonhuman animal studies have provided some information about the mechanisms of the role of Pavlovian conditioning in sexual arousal/behavior but have not been well coordinated with clinical research. The present paper serves to highlight the major empirical findings and theories of these two disparate bodies of literature, briefly discuss how they have emerged over time, and finally discuss their overlap and make connections between animal and human research on sexual arousal.
Characterization of a Novel Androgen Receptor Mutation in a Relapsed CWR22 Prostate Cancer Xenograft and Cell Line

CWR22 has been a valuable xenograft model for the study of prostate cancer progression from an androgen-dependent tumor to one that grows in castrated animals. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a novel androgen receptor (AR) mutation occurring in a relapsed tumor (CWR22R-2152) and in the CWR22Rv1 cell line established from it. The mutation was not detected in the original, hormone-dependent CWR22 xenograft, indicating that this change occurred during the progression to androgen independence. It is characterized by an in-frame tandem duplication of exon 3 that encodes the second zinc finger of the AR DNA-binding domain. Accordingly, immunoblot analyses demonstrated the expression of an AR species having an approximately 5-kDa increase in size relative to the LNCaP AR. This was accompanied by a COOH-terminally truncated AR species migrating with a relative mass of 75-80 kDa, referred to as ARDeltaLBD because it lacks the ligand-binding domain. By recreating the exon 3 duplication mutation in a wild-type AR expression construct, the generation of ARDeltaLBD could be recapitulated. Whereas ARDeltaLBD exhibited constitutive nuclear localization and DNA binding, these functions in the full-length AR remained androgen dependent. The CWR22Rv1 AR repertoire displayed dose-dependent, androgen-responsive transcriptional transactivation in reporter assays, albeit to a lesser extent in comparison with LNCaP. This cell line also expressed low levels of prostate-specific antigen mRNA and did not express or secrete detectable levels of prostate-specific antigen protein in androgen-depleted medium or in response to physiological androgenic stimulation. In summary, the CWR22Rv1 cell line displays both androgen-responsive and androgen-insensitive features due, at least in part, to a novel insertional mutation of the AR.
Operational semantics-directed compilers and machine architectures

We consider the task of automatically constructing intermediate-level machine architectures and compilers generating code for these architectures, given operational semantics for source languages. We use operational semantics in the form of abstract machines given by rewrite systems in which the rewrite rules operate on terms representing states of computations. To construct compilers and new architectures we employ a particular strategy called pass separation, a form of staging transformation, that takes a program p and constructs a pair of programs p1, p2 such that p(x, y) = p2(p1(x), y)) for all x,y. If p represents an operational semantics for a language, with arguments x and y denoting a source program and its input data, then pass separation constructs programs p1 and p2 corresponding to a compiler and an executor. The compiler translates the source language into an intermediate-level target language, and the executor provides the definition for this language. Our use of pass separation supports the automatic definition of target languages or architectures, and the structure of these architectures is directed by the structure of the given source semantics. These architectures resemble abstract machine languages found in hand-crafted compilers. Our method is restricted to a limited class of abstract machines given as term-rewriting systems, but we argue that this class encompasses a large set of language definitions derived from more natural operational semantics. We provide two examples of our method by constructing compilers and target architectures for a simple functional language and a simple imperative language. Though we construct these architectures automatically, they bear a striking resemblance to existing architectures constructed by hand.
Elevation of resting and exercise blood pressures in subjects with type I diabetes and relation to albuminuria

The etiology of diabetic nephropathy is currently unknown, but blood pressure is believed an important risk factor. A total of 173 subjects with type I diabetes who participated in two or more exercise tests with simultaneous measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were studied. Subjects with diabetes had significantly elevated resting and exercise diastolic and systolic BPs when compared with controls. This was not related to the presence of albuminuria. During exercise, elevation of diastolic BP was present in 65 (38%) of the 173 test subjects. Elevated exercise diastolic BPs among the subjects with diabetes (excluding controls) was present only for subjects with elevated exercise and overnight albuminuria. It is concluded that factors other than early diabetic nephropathy are likely related to elevated resting and exercise BPs in subjects with diabetes compared with controls. Early renal damage, however, is related to further elevations in resting and exercise diastolic BPs within the group of subjects with diabetes.
A design procedure for RPR planar robotic workcells: an algebraic approach

Abstract A new method is used to determine a satisfactory location of a workpiece in the workspaces of planar RPR robots that can provide dexterous workspace. All three joints, $ 1 , $ 2 , and $ 3 , of the robot have excursion-limits that bound their displacements. For the purpose of this paper, the third joint, a resolute, permits exactly one full turn. The method is to adapt traditional algebraic methods of linkage synthesis to synchronize the available rotation at $ 3 with the required task-rotations.
Studying gender and ethnic differences in participation in math, physical science, and information technology

This chapter describes the history of the Eccles et al. Expectancy Value Model and research on the influence of social and psychological factors on gender and ethnic differences in math, science, and information technology choices.
The osteogenic stimulating effect of neuroactive calcitonin gene-related peptide

Silverman and Kruger (Somatosens. Res. 5(2):157-175; 1987) reported that sensory nerve fibers of the dental pulp secrete calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). These are localized exactly where secondary or tertiary dentin calcification occurs. Recently we found that CGRP has an osteogenic stimulating effect by increasing the number and size of bone colonies in vitro. The purpose of this study is to test whether there is a relationship between the effects of different doses of CGRP and bone colony numbers and/or size. Rat CGRP in different dosages (0.4, 4 and 40 micrograms/ml in BGJb medium) was added daily to 3 million light density (LD) bone marrow white cells which were harvested from adult Sprague-Dawley rats with the Ficoll-Paque density gradient separation method, then seeded onto a previously prepared feeder layer of fibroblasts in Petri dishes. Seven days after adding CGRP, in the controls without CGRP there were 2 bone colonies; with 0.4 microgram of CGRP there were 4 colonies; with 4 micrograms of CGRP there were 6 colonies; with 40 micrograms there were 9 colonies, indicating there was a significant increase in number of bone colonies with an increase in dose of CGRP between individual groups, respectively (p less than 0.0005 and p less than 0.0001). In another experiment, intravenous injection of 10 micrograms of rCGRP/kg body weight was performed two hours before surgery. LD bone marrow white cells were collected and seeded onto a feeder layer in Petri dishes exactly as described above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification and Characterization of a Putative Origin of DNA Replication in the Genome of a Baculovirus Pathogenic for Orgyia pseudotsugata

A four-kilobase (kb) region (HindIII-N, map units 7.0-11.3) of the Orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (OpMNPV) genome was found to contain sequences that conferred upon plasmids the ability to undergo infection-dependent replication. The plasmid DNA appeared to be replicated to form high molecular weight multimers. Plasmids with deletions of up to 1.8 kb from either end of the HindIII-N region were replication competent. However, a discrete sequence, contained within the region bracketed by the deletions, capable of specifying replication was not identified. No evidence for sequence homology was found between the OpMNPV HindIII-N region and regions elsewhere in the OpMNPV genome or to putative Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) replication origins. Origin-dependent plasmid replication was shown to require the presence of the OpMNPV DNA polymerase gene. The OpMNPV origin replicated poorly in AcMNPV-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells and, conversely, a putative AcMNPV origin (hr2) replicated at low levels in OpMNPV-infected Lymantria dispar cells.
Profiles in Science for Science Librarians: Henry Petroski, “America's Poet Laureate of Technology”

Henry Petroski, the Aleksandar S. Vesic Professor of Civil Engineering at Duke University, is the author of more than twenty-one popular books on engineering and technology, many of which that have been translated into Chinese, Finnish, German, Hebrew, Italian, Korean, Japanese, Spanish, and Turkish. In addition to having published several dozen technical articles on failure analysis and structural engineering in refereed journals, Petroski has become a noted essayist in the New York Times, Washington Post, and Wall Street Journal. Since 1991, he has also been a columnist for the American Scientist, and the ASEE Prism. This article provides an overview of his life and career, largely in his own words.
Characterization of an oviposition stimulant from the surface of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas storage roots for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus.

An improved laboratory bioassay was used to characterize an oviposition stimulant from the surface of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. storage roots for the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Filter paper discs impregnated with a methylene chloride surface extract of sweet potato storage roots induced significantly (p < 0.05) higher oviposition on root cores than those treated with solvent only. Significantly higher oviposition was also observed in the nonpolar fractions, especially one that contains a tentatively identified triterpenoid present in susceptible cultivars. Resume Caracterisation d'une substance extraite de la surface des racines tubereuses d'Ipomoea batatas induisant la ponte de Cylas formicarius elegantulus La caracterisation des substances extraites de la surface des racines tubereuses d'I. batatas Lam et stimulant la ponte de C. formicarious elegantulus Summers, a ete effectuee a partir d'une technique amelioree. Differents substrats ont ete essayes: extraits au chlorure de methylene ou peridermes intacts de cultivars resistants ou sensibles, racines tubereuses apres elimination du periderme, morceaux de Solarium tuberosum ou de papier filtre presentes au milieu de plaques a 24 plots pour culture de tissus. Le meilleur substrat s'est revele etre de petits disques de papier filtre (diametre 0,4 cm), fixes au milieu d'un morceau de racine avec encore un peu de periderme sur lequel le coleoptere pouvait pondre. Cette methode a ete utilisee dans les tests ulterieurs pour caracteriser la nature du stimulant. Des disques de papier filtre inhibes d'extraits au chlorure de methylene du contenu des structures superficielles de racines tubereuses de cultivars sensibles induisent une ponte significativement plus importante (p < 0,05) sur les morceaux de racines par comparaison avec ceux traites au chlorure de methylene pur. Une ponte significativement plus importante a aussi ete obtenue avec des fractions non-polaires, particulierement celles qui contiennent un triterpenoide de cultivars dont l'identification a ete tentee.
An evaluation of order release strategies in a remanufacturing environment

Remanufacturing is a process by which worn-out products are restored to like new condition. Remanufacturing operations are characterized by probabilistic recovery rates of parts from the cores, and stochastic routings and lead times, as well as stochastic processing times. These factors serve to complicate planning and control functions for firms in remanufacturing, an environment with a greater degree of variability than a traditional manufacturing environment. There is no literature to assist in deciding on scheduling/order release strategies in a remanufacturing environment. In this article various order release strategies are evaluated in conjunction with scheduling rules in a remanufacturing environment, using a simulation model of a Naval aviation depot's engine components work shops. The results indicate that a simple level order release strategy in conjunction with a due date based scheduling rule provides an efficient means of releasing and scheduling work in this environment.
Modeling the Structure of High Porosity Asteroids

Abstract A number of asteroids have been observed to have extremely low bulk densities in the 1.3 g/cm 3 range. Given reasonable compositions based on meteorite analogues, this bulk density implies bulk porosities of 40–60%, suggesting that many asteroids are rubble piles held together by self-gravity and containing significant empty space, perhaps more empty space than solid material. Simple energy balance calculations and accretional models of disrupted asteroids suggest that materials in porous asteroids may be sorted by particle size. The large irregular pieces (and larger voids/fractures) are probably located deeper inside the asteroid and the fine particle size fractions that are observed on their surfaces are restricted to the surface regolith zone. The large interior voids/fractures are preserved from infilling by the effects of friction on the smaller size fractions. Friction tends to dominate the downward pull of gravity and prevents the fine fractions from filtering into the interior of the asteroid and infilling the large fractures and voids. Friction may also play a role in allowing shattered asteroids to maintain their relief features and shape by resisting the movements of pieces within the object, in effect providing strength to non-coherent objects.
Bearing length ratio applied to the measurement of engine cylinder-bore wear

Abstract Surface profilometry can be used as a wear measurement technique on components too cumbersome for weight loss methods. Engine cyclinder-bore wear is estimated from the bearing length ratio parameter computed from axial profiles of the cylinder-wall. The system approach is used to provide insight to the impact of piston ring forces on cylinder-bore wear. New and worn values of arithmetic average roughness and bearing length ratio parameters for each of three case studies representing 12, 31 and 700 operating hours are presented. Estimates of radial wear for typical internal combustion engine cylinder-bores are included
X-ray crystallographic studies of three heterocyclic complexes of the type cis-Mo(CO)4{(R2PO)2Si(Me)R′} (R2 = OCH2CMe2CH2O; R′ = Me, But or R2 = Ph2; R′ = But)

Abstract X-Ray crystal structures for three complexes of the type cis -Mo(CO) 4 {(R 2 PO) 2 -Si(Me)R′} (I: R 2 = OCH 2 CMe 2 CH 2 O, R′ = Me; II: R 2 = OCH 2 CMe 2 CH 2 O, R′ = Bu t ; III: R 2 = Ph 2 , R′ = Bu t ) are reported. Complex I crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n ( a 15.373(1), b 10.617(2), c 16.053(1) A; β 110.336(6)°; V 2460(7) A 3 ; Z = 4), complex II crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 ( a 9.6203(9), b 10.6899(15), c 16.0098(25) A; α 69.4716(2), β 68.8474(2), γ 66.7698(2)°; V 1368.7(3) A 3 ; Z = 2) and complex III crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ( a 11.500(2), b 16.430(2), c 17.892(3) A; V 3380(2) A 3 ; Z = 4). The conformations of the chelate rings in these complexes are affected by the nature of the P and Si substituents. The conformations of the chelate rings in I, II and III are best described as a twist boat, a distorted chair and a chaise longue, respectively. In contrast, the conformations of the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane rings in I and II do not appear to be affected by the nature of the Si substituents and are distorted chairs for both complexes. These studies indicate that the P and Si substituents have very different effects upon the steric and electronic properties of these ligands.
Effects of sex and achievement level upon individualism and competitiveness in social interaction

Abstract Male and female Ss were paired with others of either the same or opposite sex. They first participated in an achievement task and received either positive or negative feedback concerning their performance. Their individualism and competitiveness was then inferred from their responses in a series of interaction situations similar to two-person games. Predictions were based upon the assumptions that sex and achievement level provide cues as to the relative inputs or resources brought by Ss to the interaction, and that differences in individualism and competitiveness are produced by attempts to maintain equitable outcomes in the interaction. Results were consistent with predictions based upon equity theory when Ss interacted with others of the same sex. However, they suggested that an additional factor to consider may be the tendency for males and females to be dominant and submissive, respectively, in their interactions with one another. This tendency may lead to the maintenance of inequities between persons of opposite sex.
Impossible optimisms? Translating Turkish modernities into the Meta-terranean

This essay explores the potential for both transcultural thinking and methodological diversity in translation studies through a discussion of three twentieth-century Turkish cultural figures: national leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, revolutionary poet Nâzim Hikmet and openly gay-identified filmmaker Ferzan Ozpetek. In drawing out and reexamining the possible textual points of communication that link them, as well as the divergent models of modernity, masculinity, linguistic invention and creativity that set them apart, the discussion thus reengages with the ever-present possibility for a decentered, multiple and migrant “Meta-terranean” translational culture: one that complicates present understandings of fixed territorial divisions, gender identities, and linguistic zones and renews the potential for alternative conduits for communication across space, time and cultural difference.
Modeling, Error Analysis, and Evaluation of Dual-Polarization Variables Obtained from Simultaneous Horizontal and Vertical Polarization Transmit Radar. Part I: Modeling and Antenna Errors

In this two-part paper the biases of polarimetric variables from simultaneous horizontally and vertically transmitted (SHV) data are investigated. Here, in Part I, a radar-scattering model is developed and antenna polarization errors are investigated and estimated. In Part II, experimental data from the National Center for Atmospheric Research S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) and the National Severe Storms Laboratory polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar, KOUN, are used to illustrate biases in differential reflectivity (Zdr). The biases in the SHV polarimetric variables are caused by cross coupling of the horizontally (H) and vertically (V) polarized signals. The cross coupling is caused by the following two primary sources: 1) the nonzero mean canting angle of the propagation medium and 2) antenna polarization errors. The biases are strong functions of the differential propagation phase (fdp) and the phase difference between the H and V transmitted field components. The radar-scattering model developed here allows for the evaluation of biases caused by cross coupling as a function of fdp, with the transmission phase difference as a parameter. Also, antenna polarization errors are estimated using solar scan measurements in combination with estimates of the radar system’s linear depolarization ratio (LDR) measurement limit. Plots are given that show expected biases in SHV Zdr for various values of the LDR system’s limit.