cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Land cover associated with hantavirus presence in Paraguay

Aims Hantaviruses are zoonotic, aetiological agents maintained by rodents of the family Muridae. The occurrence of hantavirus in rodent hosts has been correlated to a number of climatic and environmental factors, including landscape structure. To date, most of these correlative studies have been conducted at moderate to fine spatial resolution. Our aim is to determine whether land cover classes defined at a mapping resolution of 1 km 2 are associated with rodents with antibodies to hantavirus in Paraguay. Location The Republic of Paraguay. Methods A total of 362 rodents from 10 species known to host hantaviruses were tested for the presence of hantavirus antibodies, resulting in 27 seropositive individuals. This data base was then combined with a map of six land cover types derived from coarse resolution remote sensing data to create a series of contingency tables, which were used to relate serostatus to land cover type using nonparametric tests of proportions and qualitative comparison of observed and expected values. Results There was a significant difference in habitat association between seropositive and seronegative rodents when species were pooled. Seropositive rodents were found with disproportionately high frequency in areas where human disturbance in the form of intensive and mosaic agricultural landscapes was present. Main conclusions Human-disturbed land cover classes have a detectable relationship to the hantavirus serostatus of host population rodents when observed at coarse spatial resolutions. Although coarse-grained analysis does not lead to any conclusions as to why agricultural land cover is more likely to harbour seropositive rodents, the relationship between them could form the basis for a monitoring system designed to relate land cover change to potential viral outbreaks in rodents and humans.
Universal Reading Processes Are Modulated by Language and Writing System.

The connections among language, writing system, and reading are part of what confronts a child in learning to read. We examine these connections in addressing how reading processes adapt to the variety of written language and how writing adapts to language. The first adaptation (reading to writing), as evidenced in behavioral and neuroscience data, is achieved through a universal constraint that language places on writing and through the tuning of reading procedures imposed by specific features of writing systems. Children acquire skill in reading through increasing specialization of procedures tuned to their writing system, while also acquiring more general (universal) procedures that serve language mapping and cognitive control. For the second adaption (writing to language), we present examples from several languages to suggest that writing systems tend to fit their linguistic properties, thus providing adaptive variation in writing-to-language mapping. We suggest that this writing-language fit facilita...
Looking for Life in the IR and Neighboring Spectral Regions

The paper focuses on the issues for detection of life by remote observations. The problem is divided into the detection of terrestrial planets and the detection of life on them. The problem of detection of planets is compared with the observations of the Hubble Deep Field. The difficulty of detection will likely result in many interesting discoveries before detection techniques are adequate. It is proposed that life is the activity of mutually assisting persistence processes. A persistence process is one that uses the Gibbs Free Energy of the environment for repair and development. It is pointed out that because life produces approximations to equilibrium it is intrinsically difficult to detect by remote observations. Chemical signs of life will be distinctive if the abiotic processes that might produce them are implausible, and preferably absent. The ease of remote detection of terrestrial life is contrasted with problems likely to arise for other planets. It is recommended that initial searches be focused on giant planets. The spectral region of the discovery observations will be set by technical issues which are not yet resolved for any technique. For determining whether life is present, as many spectral regions as possible should be observed.
Enhanced backscatter from one-dimensional random rough surfaces: stationary-phase approximations to full-wave solutions

We use the full-wave approach to obtain the solutions for the diffuse single- and double-scatter radar cross sections for one-dimensional rough surfaces. The solutions are expressed in terms of two- and six-dimensional integrals (not integral equations) for the single- and double-scatter cross sections. High-frequency, stationary-phase approximations are applied to these multidimensional expressions. The full-wave, high-frequency approximate solutions are obtained in closed forms for the single-scatter cross sections and in terms of two-dimensional integrals for the double-scatter cross sections. The sharp peak in the backscatter direction is due to the contributions from the double-scatter quasi-antiparallel paths. The level and the angular width of the enhanced backscatter peak are frequency dependent. The high-frequency approximations provide physical insight into the multiple-scatter problem. However, they cannot be used to predict accurately the angular width of the backscatter peak and the polarization dependence of the scatter cross sections.
Lactoferrin expression in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by changes in cell shape and actin cytoskeleton

Lactoferrin is a secreted iron binding protein which is expressed during normal functional development of mammary epithelium. Murine mammary epithelial cell lines competent for milk protein expression were used to identify microenvironmental factors that regulate lactoferrin expression. While lactoferrin was not expressed in adherent monolayer cultures under standard subconfluent conditions on plastic, lactoferrin mRNA and protein steadily accumulated when the cells aggregated to form spheroids on a reconstituted basement membrane gel. However, unlike other milk proteins such as beta-casein, lactoferrin expression was also induced at high cell density in the absence of exogenously added basement membrane or prolactin. These results led us to examine whether changes in cell growth, cell-cell interactions and/or cell shape were responsible for regulation of lactoferrin gene expression. Rounded, non-proliferating cells in suspension in serum-free medium expressed lactoferrin even as single cells. Conversely, lactoferrin expression could be inhibited in non-proliferative cells in serum-free medium by maintaining them in contact with an air-dried extracellular matrix which caused the cells to retain flat, spread morphologies. These findings indicated that cessation of cell growth was not sufficient, that cell-cell interactions were not required, and that cell culture conditions which minimize cell spreading may be important in maintaining lactoferrin expression. Additional data supporting this latter concept were generated by treating spread cells with cytochalasin D. The resulting disruption of microfilament assembly induced both cell rounding and lactoferrin expression. Shape-dependent regulation of lactoferrin mRNA was both transcriptional and post-transcriptional. Surprisingly, treatment of rounded cells with a transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, produced a stabilization of lactoferrin mRNA, suggesting that transcription of an unstable factor is required for degradation of lactoferrin mRNA. Importantly, lactoferrin mRNA expression was regulated similarly in early passage normal human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo, the changing extracellular matrix components of the mammary gland during different stages of normal and abnormal growth and differentiation may provide different physical constraints on the configurations of cell surface molecules. These physical constraints may be communicated to the cell interior through mechanical changes in the cytoskeleton. Unlike beta-casein whose expression is upregulated by specific integrin-mediated signals, lactoferrin may be representative of a class of proteins synthesized in the mammary gland using basal transcriptional and translational machinery. The suppression of lactoferrin expression that is observed in monolayer culture and in malignant tissues may reflect inappropriate cell shapes and cytoskeletal structures that are manifested under these conditions.
Anti‐Rh41, a New Rh Antibody Found in Association with an Abnormal Expression of Chromosome 1 Genetic Markers

A new antibody, anti-Rh41, is described. This antibody was found prepartum in a multiparous, Caucasian female with no prior history of transfusions. Anti-Rh41 reacts with red blood cells from individuals with cis oriented C and e genes, but is nonreactive with cells possessing the products derived from individuals with cis-oriented Cw and e genes, a characteristic which distinguishes this antibody from anti-rhi. Furthermore, in contrast to anti-rhi, anti-Rh41 consistently reacts with Negro rh's (VS-positive) bloods. Also noteworthy in this study is the presence of an abnormal expression of chromosome 1 genetic markers in an offspring of the propositus.
t(4;11) leukemias display addiction to MLL-AF4 but not to AF4-MLL

The most frequent MLL-gene rearrangement found in leukemia is a reciprocal translocation with AF4 on chromosome 4 resulting in the formation of the MLL-AF4 and the AF4-MLL fusion genes. The oncogenic role of MLL-AF4 is documented but the significance of the reciprocal product – AF4-MLL in leukemia is less clear. In the human leukemia cell lines – RS4;11 and SEMK2-M1, both of which express MLL-AF4 and AF4-MLL, we knocked down the expression of AF4-MLL using siRNA. Loss of AF4-MLL had no effect on the growth of either RS4;11 or SEMK2-M1 cells. Furthermore, in SEMK2-M1 cells there were no changes in cell cycle or apoptosis with loss of AF4-MLL. In contrast, knockdown of MLL-AF4 significantly inhibited growth of both RS4;11 and SEMK2-M1. Additionally, in SEMK2-M1 cells, loss of MLL-AF4 led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Overall, these results demonstrate that in t(4;11) leukemia, the MLL-AF4 fusion protein is critical for leukemia cell proliferation and survival while the AF4-MLL fusion product is dispensable.
The Arab/Muslim Presence in Medieval Central Europe

For nearly three centuries after the famous Battle of Poitiers (Tours), which is usually regarded as the high-water mark of Arab/Muslim expansion into Western Europe, the Muslims continued to maintain a series of relatively isolated presences in regions of Western Europe outside the Iberian Peninsula. Although these presences have tended to be forgotten within the larger picture of Muslim/Christian relationships during the medieval period, the researches of some nineteenth and twentieth century scholars would seem to indicate that they left behind a considerably larger legacy than has previously been suspected.
Efficacy of Human Hyperimmune Globulin in Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in Infant Rats

To determine the protective efficacy of human hyperimmune globulin to Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in an infant rat model, we compared hyperimmune globulin containing 600 μg of anti-polyribophosphate (PRP) antibody per ml to conventional immune globulin containing 66 μg of anti-PRP antibody per ml. The hyperimmune globulin was fractionated from the pooled plasma of 55 adult donors immunized with PRP, the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b. The disappearance of passively administered antibody was biphasic, with a linear first-order disappearance curve during the first 7 days. The initial half-life for anti-PRP antibody was 2.38 days in rats nasally colonized but not detectably bacteremic with H. influenzae type b and significantly longer (half-life, 10.3 days; P < 0.01) in noncolonized animals. Hyperimmune globulin afforded 10 times the protection of conventional globulin against bacteremia and meningitis. Globulin depleted of anti-PRP antibody offered no protection. The initial serum antibody levels and the levels during the 8-day observation period predicted protection. Rats maintaining serum antibody levels greater or equal to 50 ng/ml to day 8 had a 10% bacteremia and 5% meningitis incidence in contrast with 95% bacteremia (P < 0.001) and 55% meningitis (P < 0.001) in rats with less than 50 ng of anti-PRP antibody per ml. We conclude that studies of the pharmacology and efficacy of hyperimmune globulin are warranted in high-risk children unable to respond to active immunization.
Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and prednisone (CHOP) with and without intermediate dose methotrexate for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of diffuse histology

Seventy three patients with disseminated diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were treated with combinations of cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and doxorubicin with and without 2 weekly doses of oral methotrexate in "intermediate" doses, followed by calcium leucovorin rescue. The addition of methotrexate did not increase the complete remission rate, the remission duration, or the survival (P value = 1.0, 0.74, and 0.78, respectively) in patients who did not have previous chemotherapy treatment. In previously treated patients, the complete remission rate was somewhat higher and the remission duration and survival were longer among those patients treated with the methotrexate containing program; however these differences were not statistically significant (P values = 0.88, 0.81, and 0.46, respectively). There was substantial morbidity and mortality during treatment with both treatment arms, among patients aged more than 60 years.
Curved inertia frames and the skeleton sketch: Finding salient frames of reference

The author introduces curved inertia frames (CIFs), a new definition of curved axes of inertia. A scheme is given for finding a frame of reference of a shape in an image based on such a definition and the author discusses how the frame can be used to describe the shape. The scheme assigns a saliency measure to each component of the reference frame that is a measure of its relevance, so that large and central parts play a more central role in the description of the shape. The scheme also computes a major axis that is used to organize the description of the shape, so that a canonical description can be obtained. One of the features of the scheme is its tolerance to noisy and spurious data. Several perceptual phenomena observed in humans such as grouping based on symmetry and environment bias in shape description can be reproduced naturally in this scheme. >
Measuring undergraduate students' self-efficacy in engineering design in a project-based design course

Engineering design pedagogy coupled with strategic problem-solving activities can foster real-world skills in students, and measuring students' confidence in executing the activities can help understand the effectiveness of the pedagogy better. However there is little understanding of how strongly students' confidence in problem-solving activities is related to students' confidence in conducting engineering design. In this study, the students' self-efficacy in engineering design and problem-solving activities was studied in three rounds (N = 67, 55, and 92 students). Data was analyzed to assess the students' self-efficacy and to study how closely the efficacies in problem-solving and engineering design were related. Results showed an increase in students' self-efficacy in areas related to engineering design. Regression and correlation analysis showed strong relationships between students' self-efficacy in engineering design and other problem-solving activities.
Determining Generic Velocity and Density Models for Crustal Amplification Calculations, with an Update of the Generic Site Amplification for

Abstract This short note contains two contributions related to deriving depth‐dependent velocity and density models for use in computing generic crustal amplifications. The first contribution is a method for interpolating two velocity profiles to obtain a third profile with a time‐averaged velocity to depth Z that is equal to a specified value (e.g., for shear‐wave velocity V S , for Z =30 m, in which the subscript S has been added to indicate that the average is for shear‐wave velocities). The second contribution is a procedure for obtaining densities from V S . The first contribution is used to extend and revise the Boore and Joyner (1997) generic rock V S model, for which , to a model with the more common . This new model is then used with the densities from the second contribution to compute crustal amplifications for a generic site with .
Revision for taper corrosion at the neck-body junction following total hip arthroplasty: pearls and pitfalls

The management of the patient with a recalled, modular neck-body total hip arthroplasty can be complex, as it involves a combination of clinical, technical, and medicolegal challenges. Management begins with a thorough history and physical exam, radiographic evaluation, infection workup, and serum metal ion levels. Three-dimensional imaging is obtained based on patient symptomatology and metal ion levels and is used to evaluate for the presence of an adverse local tissue response as well as the integrity of the existing soft tissue envelope. The decision to perform revision surgery is based on a combination of patient symptomatology, laboratory values, and imaging findings. Revision surgery involves the entire armamentarium of femoral revision techniques, and the acetabulum may need to be revised at the surgeon's discretion. The femoral implant can often be removed without disrupting the femoral bone envelope; however, the surgeon should have a low threshold to perform an extended trochanteric osteotomy.
Pecan Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Emergence in a Range of Soil Types

The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), can injure pecan from kernel initiation in August until dehiscence of the involucre 2-3 mo later. Prevention of injury requires killing adults after they emerge from soil cells but before they oviposit within developing nuts. The adult emergence period is typically from mid-August to late September, but a portion of the population can be delayed in emerging because of drought hardened soils. Emergence was delayed in this study when soil penetrability was >65 kg/cm2. Soil penetrability as a function of percent soil moisture, clay, and sand can be predicted by the following equation: y = 137.713−8.965 x 1+3.463 x 2−1.190 x 3. Changes in soil penetrability caused by rainfall can be calculated by first determining the change in percent soil moisture as a function of percent soil moisture before rainfall, rainfall (centimeter), and percent sand: y = −18.358−0.607 x 1+0.458 x 2+2.342 x 3 and then solving the previous equation with the new value to update the status of pecan weevil emergence. These findings can be combined with data on soils and new weather monitoring technologies like Doppler radar to predict weevil emergence status initially and then update that status across wide regions on a near real-time basis to aid in making decisions with regard to pecan weevil management. These predictions would be based on county-wide rainfall data and growers would need to take into account their own irrigation programs before making any decision regarding pecan weevil control.
Risk factors associated with interfacility transfers among patients with Clostridium difficile infection.

Background Preventing the transmission of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) over the continuum of care presents an important challenge for infection control. Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted on patients admitted with CDI to a tertiary care hospital in Detroit between August 2012 and September 2013. Patients were then followed for 1 year by telephone interviews and the hospital administrative database. Cases, patients with interfacility transfers (IFTs), were patients admitted to our facility from another health care facility and discharged to long-term care (LTC) facilities. Controls were patients admitted from and discharged to home. Results There were 143 patients included in the study. Thirty-six (30%) cases were compared with 84 (70%) controls. Independent risk factors of CDI patients with IFTs (compared with CDI patients without IFTs) included Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥6 (odds ratio [OR], 5.30; P = .016) and hospital-acquired CDI (OR, 4.92; P = .023). Patients with IFTs were more likely to be readmitted within 90 days of discharge than patients without IFTs (OR, 2.24; P = .046). One-year mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with IFTs than among patients without IFTs (OR, 4.33; P = .01). Conclusions With the growing number of alternate health care centers, it is highly critical to establish better collaboration between acute care and LTC facilities to tackle the increasing burden of CDI across the health care system.
Assessment of Acoustic Travel Time Tomography (ATTT) at Barker Dam

The primary focus of an evaluation of a large concrete dam is to determine the structure’s ability to withstand a major earthquake or flooding conditions. The dam’s reaction depends on the mechanical strength developed throughout the complex discontinuous mass of the structure. Construction techniques combined with normal loading conditions ensure that most defects in a large concrete dam will develop in horizontal planes along construction joints, also known as lift-lines. A dam’s survival under extreme loading conditions often depends on the strength developed across these horizontal construction joints.
Detection of Myocarditis With Molecular Echo Imaging

There are several commercially available microbubbles throughout the world. Although their primary indications are for either improving left ventricular opacification or enhancing liver imaging, these agents have also been used clinically for off-label applications, such as myocardial and tumor perfusion imaging.1,2 The reason such practices are permissible is that these applications provide critical additional clinically useful information with the same doses of microbubbles required for the approved indication, and the imaging techniques required to perform these off-label applications are available on almost all commercially available scanners. To get Food and Drug Administration approval for any new indication or modification of the microbubble in the United States, additional expensive clinical trials and safety data (in the case of microbubble shell modifications) would be required. This becomes especially problematic for targeted molecular imaging applications with microbubbles, where specific ligands must be attached to microbubbles in order for them to be retained at sites where receptor upregulation occurs in …
Proteomics analysis reveals novel host molecular mechanisms associated with thermotherapy of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’-infected citrus plants

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is linked to the bacterial pathogen ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), is the most devastating disease of citrus plants, and longer-term control measures via breeding or genetic engineering have been unwieldy because all cultivated citrus species are susceptible to the disease. However, the degree of susceptibility varies among citrus species, which has prompted efforts to identify potential Las resistance/tolerance-related genes in citrus plants for application in breeding or genetic engineering programs. Plant exposure to one form of stress has been shown to serendipitously induce innate resistance to other forms of stress and a recent study showed that continuous heat treatment (40 to 42 °C) reduced Las titer and HLB-associated symptoms in citrus seedlings. The goal of the present study was to apply comparative proteomics analysis via 2-DE and mass spectrometry to elucidate the molecular processes associated with heat-induced mitigation of HLB in citrus plants. Healthy or Las-infected citrus grapefruit plants were exposed to room temperature or to continuous heat treatment of 40 °C for 6 days. An exhaustive total protein extraction process facilitated the identification of 107 differentially-expressed proteins in response to Las and/or heat treatment, which included a strong up-regulation of chaperones including small (23.6, 18.5 and 17.9 kDa) heat shock proteins, a HSP70-like protein and a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO)-binding 60 kDa chaperonin, particularly in response to heat treatment. Other proteins that were generally down-regulated due to Las infection but up-regulated in response to heat treatment include RuBisCO activase, chlorophyll a/b binding protein, glucosidase II beta subunit-like protein, a putative lipoxygenase protein, a ferritin-like protein, and a glutathione S-transferase. The differentially-expressed proteins identified in this study highlights a premier characterization of the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in the reversal of Las-induced pathogenicity processes in citrus plants and are hence proposed targets for application towards the development of cisgenic Las-resistant/tolerant citrus plants.
Design for Boundary-Scan Test

Design for Testability (DFT) is a subject covering a huge amount material. The 1983 survey by Williams and Parker [Will83] is still remarkably current in its enumeration of DFT techniques (it lacks Boundary-Scan of course), but many of the contexts have changed. For example, signature analysis [Nadi77] testing is now conducted on-chip, though it started as a board-level technique. This reflects the incredible increase in the density of Integrated Circuit (IC) components. In 1983, the 1149.1 Standard would have been largely impractical because the logic needed to implement it would have been a large fraction of an IC. Today, we are seeing ICs designed with significant amounts of on-chip testing circuitry, including 1149.1. Without DFT, a VLSI component might not be economical to produce in volume.
Imaging the Dynamics of CH2BrI Photodissociation in the Near Ultraviolet Region

The photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled CH2BrI were investigated in the near-ultraviolet (UV) region from 280–310 nm using velocity map imaging. We report the translational and internal energy distributions of the CH2Br radical and ground state I (2P3/2) or spin–orbit excited I (2P1/2) fragments determined by velocity map imaging of the ionized iodine fragments following 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of the nascent neutral iodine products. The velocity distributions indicate that most of the available energy is partitioned into the internal energy of the CH2Br radical with only modest translational excitation imparted to the cofragments, which is consistent with a simple impulsive model. Furthermore, from extrapolation of the velocity distribution results, the first determination of the C–I bond dissociation energy of CH2BrI is presented in this work to be D0 = 16 790 ± 590 cm–1. The ion images appear anisotropic, indicative of a prompt dissociation, and the derived anisotropy param...
Simulation of groundwater exchange between an unconfined aquifer and a discrete fracture network with laminar and turbulent flows

Abstract In this study, a new approach is developed to simulate groundwater flow through both an overlying unconfined aquifer and an underlying discrete fracture network. The groundwater exchange between the aquifer and the fracture network, including magnitude and direction, is explicitly simulated based on the mass conservation, which depends on a variety of parameters related to flow and network characteristics. In the overlying unconfined aquifer, we approximate the flow using the Dupuit assumptions. In the underlying fracture network, we use the cubic law and Forchheimer’s law to iteratively simulate laminar or turbulent flow in individual fractures depending on the Reynolds number. Explicitly separating laminar and turbulent flows in the fractures results in a system of nonlinear equations, which is iteratively solved. While the flow from the overlying unconfined aquifer is a small portion of the overall flow in the underlying fracture network, incorrect use of the laminar or turbulent flow equation in the fractures can lead to significant errors in simulating the flow exchange. As apertures increase, both the portion of the total flowrate in the aquifer and the portion of the flow in the fractures coming from the aquifer decrease. As the overall hydraulic gradient increases, both the portion of the total flow in the aquifer and the portion of the fracture flow that comes from the aquifer increase. The portion of the total flow in the aquifer increases with the aquifer thickness, while the portion of fracture flow coming from the overlying aquifer decreases.
Reasonable Suspicion in the Eye of the Beholder: Routine Policing in Racially Different Disadvantaged Neighborhoods:

This study extends Brunson and Weitzer’s 2009 endeavor to elucidate the influence of race and place in policing by reexamining enforcement practices across disadvantaged urban neighborhoods but fro...
Genes and regulatory pathways involved in persistence of dormant micro-tumors.

Micro-tumors can remain dormant for prolonged periods of time before they switch and enter the rapid growth phase. This initial stage in tumor progression is clearly understudied. In spite of high prevalence, significant clinical implications and increased interest by the research community, tumor dormancy is still poorly understood. The topic of tumor dormancy also suffers from a lack of definition and an agreed upon terminology to describe it. Additionally, the number of reproducible experimental models available for studying indolence of human micro-tumors is quite limited. Here, we describe the development of a general class of in vivo models of indolent human tumors and how these models can be used to elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of dormancy. The models consist of human tumor cell lines that form microscopic cancerous lesions in mice. Although these lesions contain viable and fully malignant cancer cells, the tumors do not expand in size but remain occult for prolonged periods until they eventually spontaneously switch and become fast-growing tumors. Consistent with Judah Folkman’s vision that tumors will remain occult and microscopic until they acquire the ability to recruit new and functional blood vessels, the dormancy period of the micro-tumors is associated with impaired angiogenic capacity. Such models can be used for dissecting the host and the tumor-derived regulatory mechanisms of tumor dormancy. Understanding the process by which dormant tumors can overcome growth constraints and emerge from dormancy, resuming size expansion, may provide insights into novel strategies to prolong the dormancy state or to block tumor formation in the early stages, before they are physically detected or become symptomatic.
Experimental study of vibration of metallic and composite plates inside channel driven cavity flow

An experimental study was conducted for the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of the vibration of a flexible structure inside the channel driven cavity flow (CDCF). The structure was a thin flat plate whose one edge was clamped at the bottom of the three-dimensional CDCF system. Both aluminum and composite plates were examined. Initially the vibrational characteristics of the structures were measured without fluid flow. Subsequently, each structural vibration was measured under various flow rates through the CDCF system. The structural vibration was measured using strain gages attached to the structures as well as non-contact displacement sensors. Time histories of the strains and displacements were obtained, and their time averages and the vibrational magnitudes were computed as a function of the nominal flow rate through the channel cross-section. This set of test data is expected to be useful for validation of a computer program for analyzing a FSI problem.
Semantic Web in a Pervasive Context-Aware Architecture

This document describes a new approach that explores the use of Semantic Web languages in building an architecture for supporting context-aware systems. This new architecture called Context Broker Architecture (CoBrA) differs from other architectures in using the Web Ontology Language OWL for modeling ontologies of context and for supporting context reasoning. Central to our architecture is a broker agent that maintains a shared model of context for all computing entities in the space and enforces the privacy policies defined by the users. We also describe the use of CoBrA and its associated ontologies in prototyping an intelligent meeting room.
Analytical Study of Metallic Layers

This chapter reviews the special surface properties of a component by forming a metallic layer on its surface. However, such a coating might be applied, and irrespective of whether it is a metal, an alloy or a multi-layer system, the composition of such a coating will determine the chemical, physical, mechanical and technological behavior of the coating/substrate combination. There has been a prodigious development of new analytical techniques with which such requirements can be met. Most of these methods are based on interactions between exciting species of layers, such as ions, electrons, or photons. Some of the main options for exciting the surface material and processing the resulting signals are presented. The extent of the excitation and resulting emission is mainly governed by parameters related to the incoming species, such as charge, intensity, energy and mass, as well as angle of incidence onto the sample. The chapter studies the tribological behavior (corrosion resistance, electrical contact resistance, solder ability, and weld ability) of mass spectrometric methods. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X-ray analysis (WDX) are also incorporated under microanalysis.
The bioadhesive of Mytilus byssus: A protein containing L-DOPA

L-DOPA was identified in hydrolysates of Mytilus byssal adhesive discs and is present at about 10 res1000. The compound was isolated and purified by ion exchange on cellulose phosphate and Biogel P-2 gel filtration. Identity with standard DOPA was demonstrated using thin-layer chromatography, the effect of pH on UV absorbance, fluorescence spectrophotometry, amino acid analysis, and the preparation of ethylenediamine derivatives. Contrary to earlier reports, dityrosine was not detected. A sodium dodecylsulfate-insoluble protein containing 48 res1000 of DOPA was isolated from the gland that secretes the disc adhesive. This protein is presumed to be a precursor of the adhesive.
Performance while distracted: The effect of cognitive styles and working memory

Abstract Distractions are more prevalent than in the past. Several off-task factors and activities (e.g., e-mails, social media) can distract from important tasks, resulting in losses to productivity. It is therefore important to understand factors, such as individual differences, associated to distraction-related performance decrements. In this study, we examine the effects of cognitive styles (i.e., creating and planning) and working memory on task accuracy, in a distracting context. Undergraduate students participated in a lab study where they completed a Microsoft Excel task under conditions of distraction, the cognitive styles indicator (CoSI), the operation span (O-Span) task, and the Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT-R). Controlling for general mental ability (GMA), we found a direct effect of creating on task accuracy. However, we observed no significant moderating effects of working memory on the effects of creating and planning on task accuracy. Our results highlight the value of further research on cognitive styles, within the context of distracting work.
Black Medic (Medicago lupulina) Germination Response to Temperature and Osmotic Potential, and a Novel Growing Degree-Day Accounting Restriction for Heat-Limited Germination

Black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) is a problem weed species in Florida strawberry [Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) [chiloensis × virginiana]] production. It competes with the crop and hinders harvest efficiency. A reductionist approach is being undertaken to predict M. lupulina field emergence to coordinate control tactics. Germination is the first model component to be developed. The objectives were to study the effect of osmotic potential and temperature on seed germination and to develop the germination component for reductionist emergence modeling. Trials were initiated using petri dishes in incubators to test M. lupulina germination in response to osmotic potential (0 to -1 MPa) and constant (5 to 40 C) and fluctuating temperatures (35/25, 35/20, 25/15, and 25/10 C, 12/ 12-h duration). Medicago lupulina germinated between 5 and 35 C. Optimal germination was between 10 and 20 C. Germination was negatively impacted by temperatures above the optimum. Fluctuating temperatures did not influence germination compared with constant temperatures. A reduction in osmotic potential from 0 to -0.25 MPa reduced germination from 43% to 14%. Three temperature-mediated germination trends were identified: standard increases and plateau up to 20 C, reduced germination between 20 and 35 C, and no germination at 40 C. A novel restriction to daily growing degree-day (GDD) accounting was developed for heat-limited germination. The germination restriction accounted for the optimum and maximum temperature, diminishing returns of exposure to higher temperatures, and the negative impact of higher temperatures above the optimum range. Determination logic and the new daily GDD accounting formula aligned GDD accumulation across all temperatures to be described by a Weibull formula (R2 = 0.5199). Results establish the germination component for reductionist emergence modeling, but further study is required to account for dormancy and PRE growth.
153) Prevalence of Psychological Abuse and Relationship Dysfunction in a Chronic Pain Treatment Sample

Research suggests an association between prior traumatic events and chronic pain; however, research has not focused on the pervasiveness of relationship dysfunction or psychological abuse in individuals with chronic pain. To begin to document the potential prevalence, data will be collected from 120 adults presenting for care at an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation center. Participants volunteer to complete self-report measures about relationships, trauma (i.e., Measure of Psychologically Abusive Behaviors, Composite Abuse Scale Revised, and Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) and physical symptoms. Data collection is ongoing. Preliminary data analyses from 16 participants shows that 25% endorsed a current or prior psychologically abuse relationship, and 50% reported at least one type of abuse experience (i.e., physical, emotional, or sexual) in the past 12 months. The majority of the participants (69%) endorsed at least one “very stressful” relationship in their lifetime. On average, participants rated their current relationship stress at a 3.1 out of 10 (0 = no stress, 10 =extremely stressful). Furthermore, 19 % of the sample endorsed clinically significant PTSD symptoms related to an abusive relationship. Previous research completed with a clinical sample of patients with chronic pain has demonstrated a self-reported PTSD prevalence rate of 20.4%, related to all sources of trauma. Further exploration of relationship dysfunction as a common source of trauma in this population, and as a factor correlated to chronic pain appears warranted. Additionally, the high prevalence of individuals endorsing abusive experiences and stressful relationships suggests value in exploring interpersonal factors in patients with chronic pain, even for those who do not self-report PTSD related symptomology. Having a more thorough understanding of the prevalence, and clinical characteristics of this population may inform assessment, and treatment. This study is supported through a grant from Mary Free Bed Rehabilitation Hospital. (Siqveland, Front Psychiatry, 2017).
EXERCISE TRAINING DOES NOT ALTER PROSTATE TUMOR CELL GROWTH IN RAT SERUM OR PROSTATE CONDITIONED MEDIA

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States with tumor aggressiveness (i.e., metastatic potential, ability to infiltrate surrounding tissue) bei...
Improving the Intraoperative Educational Experience: Understanding the Role of Confidence in the Resident-Attending Relationship.

Objective With recent changes to graduate medical education, the balance between resident autonomy and need for supervision impacts the educational and training experience of residents. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the confidence of attendings and residents and their different perspectives of perceived educational experience and autonomy in the operating room (OR). We hypothesized that the attending's confidence in the resident would be an important factor in improving the educational experience and resident's autonomy in the OR. Design Self-reported confidence-rating and operative experience surveys were administered to teams of post-graduate year (PGY 1) through PGY 5 surgical residents and attendings in two temporal sets (Early: Sept-Dec 2015, n = 20; Late: Jan-Apr 2016, n = 22). A second “end-of-year” survey was distributed to residents (n = 9, 37.5% response) and attendings (n = 10, 35% response) asking questions regarding their educational experience and operative experience during the past year. Setting Large rural teaching hospital. Participants Nineteen general surgery residents (PGY 1 - 5) and 14 general surgery attendings. Results Resident perception of confidence differs from junior to senior residents, and that there was discordance between resident's confidence and skill as perceived by attendings, particularly in senior residents. Results also showed that attending's confidence in residents was positively correlated with attending's perceived educational experience in the OR. Residents and attendings both indicated attending's confidence in residents as an important factor in increasing resident autonomy in the OR, thus the attending's confidence in residents could have a positive impact on resident autonomy and educational experience in the OR. Conclusions We have demonstrated a relationship between self-confidence for residents and improved confidence from attendings in residents’ capabilities. Based on these findings, we would propose identifying methods to expand resident's awareness of surgical situations and develop attending's confidence in residents.
Exploring Faculty Perceptions about Classroom Technology Integration and Acceptance: A Literature Review

In examining the complexity of how higher education institutions integrate and adopt classroom technology, this study explores literature regarding classroom technology integration and acceptance that appears in research articles published from 2012 – 2018. The literature review of 148 articles was centered on a deeper understanding of faculty perceptions regarding classroom technology integration and acceptance. The evidence suggests that there is not a simple model when it comes to augmenting classrooms with classroom technology. Additionally, for the appropriate adoption of technology tools, it is important to understand how faculty perceive the integration of classroom technology tools.
Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis for whole-bone proteomics and paleoproteomics.

Rationale Whole-bone proteomic analyses rely on lengthy sample preparation including demineralization and digestion to break bone down into peptides to recover using mass spectrometry. However, microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, a technique used in proteomic analyses of other soft tissues and cells, will combine both demineralization and digestion and only take minutes. Methods To test microwave-assisted hydrolysis on whole moose bone, we microwaved five concentrations of acetic and formic acids (15%, 12.5%, 10%, 7.5% and 5%) for three times (10, 20 and 30 min) at 140°C using an ETHOS UP high performance microwave digestion system. Peptides were injected and separated using Thermo BioBasic C18 columns and detected with an LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. We searched the raw data on PEAKS 8.5 against the white-tailed deer database. Results Formic acid hydrolysis led to the most complete digestion, and therefore the highest number of peptide spectrum matches, more protein groups and better sequence coverage for collagenous proteins. However, for the formic acid samples there is a tradeoff with digestion completeness and a higher incidence of in vitro modifications (i.e. formylation) that are not induced using acetic acid. Acetic acid has greater cleavage specificity and higher sequence coverage for non-collagenous proteins. Conclusions Depending on the goals of analysis, there are benefits and drawbacks to using both acetic acid and formic acid. Overall, microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was successful in demineralizing and digesting bone fragments to considerably speed up the preparation for bottom-up proteomics analysis.
Irrigation Systems of the Tigris and Euphrates Valleys

When increase in income from oil production made it possible to accelerate design and construction of dams, canals, and deep wells, and to start drainage program; participation of United States through its engineers and construction firms.
Creative Communion in Nicolas Behr’s Brasília

This chapter contends that Behr’s genre-bending 2014 book BrasiliA-Z: cidade-palavra represents Brasilia as having always been a vibrant city of the arts, refuting the dominant image of the capital as a cultural wasteland. BrasiliA-Z functions as a palimpsest that overlays decades of examples of creative communion—affective exchanges in which Brasilia residents convene around art. As the subtitle “city-word” conveys, the book engages the idea of reading the city as text. But it also suggests how, in creative writing, a city represents more than an objective reality. In BrasiliA-Z, Behr’s capital—the place he lives in, remembers, and invents—offers art, love, laughter, and contentment. Most profoundly, however, Behr’s Brasilia is where creative communion elicits emotional fulfillment, as the metaphor of the palimpsest seeks to express.
Mean field game and decentralized intelligent adaptive pursuit evasion strategy for massive multi-agent system under uncertain environment (Conference Presentation)

In this paper, a novel decentralized intelligent adaptive optimal strategy has been developed to solve the pursuit-evasion game for massive Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) under uncertain environment. Existing strategies for pursuit-evasion games are neither efficient nor practical for large population multi-agent system due to the notorious ``Curse of dimensionality" and communication limit while the agent population is large. To overcome these challenges, the emerging mean field game theory is adopted and further integrated with reinforcement learning to develop a novel decentralized intelligent adaptive strategy with a new type of adaptive dynamic programing architecture named the Actor-Critic-Mass (ACM). Through online approximating the solution of the coupled mean field equations, the developed strategy can obtain the optimal pursuit-evasion policy even for massive MAS under uncertain environment.