cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of Double-Layered Microcapsule Formation in Compound Nozzle Jetting

Double-layered microcapsules, which usually consist of a core (polymeric) matrix surrounded by a (polymeric) shell, have been used in many industrial and scientific applications such as microencapsulation of drugs and living cells. Compound concentric nozzle-based jetting has been favored due to its efficiency and precise control of the core-shell compound structure. Thus far, little is known about the underlying formation mechanism of double-layered microcapsules in compound nozzle jetting. This study aims to understand the formability of double-layered microcapsules in compound nozzle jetting by coupling a theoretical analysis with numerical simulations. A linear temporal instability analysis is used to define the perturbation growth rate and its ratio as a function of the wavenumber; and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is implemented to model the microcapsule formation process in order to determine the good microcapsule forming range based on the growth ratio curve. Using a pseudo-bisection method, the lower and upper bounds of the good formability range have been determined for a given materials-nozzle system. The proposed formability prediction methodology has been implemented and validated in modeling a water-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) – air compound jetting system with satisfactory prediction results.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
An Investigation of Warm Rainfall Microphysics in the Southern Appalachians: Orographic Enhancement via Low-Level Seeder-Feeder Interactions

AbstractObservations of the vertical structure of rainfall, surface rain rates, and drop size distributions (DSDs) in the southern Appalachians were analyzed with a focus on the diurnal cycle of rainfall. In the inner mountain region, a 5-yr high-elevation rain gauge dataset shows that light rainfall, described here as rainfall intensity less than 3 mm h−1 over a time scale of 5 min, accounts for 30%–50% of annual accumulations. The data also reveal warm-season events characterized by heavy surface rainfall in valleys and along ridgelines inconsistent with radar observations of the vertical structure of precipitation. Next, a stochastic column model of advection–coalescence–breakup of warm rain DSDs was used to investigate three illustrative events. The integrated analysis of observations and model simulations suggests that seeder–feeder interactions (i.e., Bergeron processes) between incoming rainfall systems and local fog and/or low-level clouds with very high number concentrations of small drops (<0.2 ...
Abstract 3586: Epigenetic influence on ethnic disparities in non-small cell lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL African Americans are more likely to develop lung cancer and die from it than any other ethnic group. Complex biological, environmental, political and cultural factors contribute to this disparity. The purpose of the current project is to examine the relationship between epigenetic factors, gender, ethnicity and outcome in a retrospective study of patients with surgically-treated early stage lung cancer. Fixed primary tumor tissues from a private (RMC) and a public (JHS-CCH) institution were analyzed in this study. The RMC group consisted of 132 patients with stage Ib, IIa and IIb NSCLC, 22% African-American (AA) and 52% female. The JHS-CCH group consisted of 88 patients, 62% AA and 43% female. Five year survival was achieved by 85% of women vs 67% of men in the RMC group (Chi square p=0.022). 68% of Caucasians vs 53% AA survived five years in the RMC group (p=0.186). To investigate the role of epigenetic influences on survival, promoter methylation of Ras association domain family protein 1, RASSF1A, was investigated. Associations between inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor and poor outcome in lung and other cancers have been reported in several studies. Promoter methylation was quantified using pyrosequencing. Percent methylation of RASSF1 at cytosine position –36 (A of ATG=+1) was more frequent in AA (41% of cases) than in Caucasians (20% of cases) in the RMC group (p=0.023) compared to 69% of cases in the JHS-CCH group. Methylation levels of RASSF1 at all CpG sites tested were higher in the JHS-CCH group than in the RMC group. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed on dichotomized hypermethylation status compared to five-year survival (5YS). Promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1 was significantly associated with shortened 5YS in AA (p=0.005), compared to Caucasians (p=0.197) in the RMC group. Although 5YS was marginally shortened with hypermethylation of RASSF1 in men in the RMC group (p=0.123), no significant effects were seen with regard to gender. These results suggest that biomarkers can have differential effects, based on genetic background and support analysis of epigenetic biomarkers to address disparities and develop more personalized treatment strategies for individual patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3586. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3586
Implementing a hierarchical Bayesian visual cortex model on multi-core processors

Recent scientific studies of the brain have led to new models of information processing. Some of these models are based on Hierarchical Bayesian Networks and have several benefits over traditional neural networks. Large scale implementations of brain models have the potential for strong inference capabilities, and hierarchical Bayesian models lend themselves well to large scales. Multi-core processors are currently the standard architectural approach utilized for high performance computing platforms. In this paper we examine the parallelization and optimization of Dean's hierarchical Bayesian model onto two multi-core architectures: the nine-core IBM Cell and the quad-core Intel Xeon processors. This is the first study of the parallelization of this class of models onto multi-core processors. We evaluate two parallelization strategies and examine the performance of the model as it is scaled. Our results indicate that the Cell processor can provide speedups of up to 108 times over a serial implementation of the model for the network sizes examined. The quad-core Intel Xeon processor provided a speedup of 36 times for the same model configuration.
Drug Eluting Stent Technology A Paradigm Shift in the Treatment and Prevention of Restenosis

The authors discuss the mechanism of action, clinical trial data, and economic impact of both the paclitaxel and sirolimus drug eluting stents (DESs). Both DESs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of native coronary arteries to prevent in-stent restenosis (ISR), which patients have experienced since the advent of balloon angioplasty and the bare metal stent. In-stent restenosis, which manifests itself as ischemic symptoms in patients, occurs as a result of the healing process after stent implantation. Until now, there has not been an effective method to prevent ISR. The sirolimus and paclitaxel DESs elute agents that act locally by different mechanisms to reduce neointimal hyperplasia, which is primarily responsible for ISR. Both DESs are capable of reducing the rate of ISR. There are certain physical and mechanistic differences between the 2 stents; the stents have not been compared head to head. Currently, they are indicated for uncomplicated native coronary lesions....
Comparison of ear-canal reflectance and umbo velocity in patients with conductive hearing loss

Patients who present at hearing clinics with a conductive hearing loss (CHL) in the presence of an intact, healthy tympanic membrane create a unique challenge for otologists. While patient counseling, treatment options, and outcome vary with differing middle‐ear pathologies, a non‐invasive diagnostic that can differentiate between these pathologies does not currently exist. We evaluated the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of two non‐invasive measures of middle‐ear mechanics: ear‐canal reflectance (ECR) and umbo velocity (VU).
Auto-inhibition of the Dbl Family Protein Tim by an N-terminal Helical Motif

Dbl-related oncoproteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for Rho-family GTPases and typically possess tandem Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology domains that act in concert to catalyze exchange. Because the ability of many Dbl-family proteins to catalyze exchange is constitutively activated by truncations N-terminal to their DH domains, it has been proposed that the activity of Dbl-family proteins is regulated by auto-inhibition. However, the exact mechanisms of regulation of Dbl-family proteins remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Dbl-family protein, Tim, is auto-inhibited by a short, helical motif immediately N-terminal to its DH domain, which directly occludes the catalytic surface of the DH domain to prevent GTPase activation. Similar to the distantly related Vav isozymes, auto-inhibition of Tim is relieved by truncation, mutation, or phosphorylation of the auto-inhibitory helix. A peptide comprising the helical motif inhibits the exchange activity of Tim in vitro. Furthermore, substitutions within the most highly conserved surface of the DH domain designed to disrupt interactions with the auto-inhibitory helix also activate the exchange process.
Quantum optics at nanoscales

We will discuss our work towards controlling light-matter interactions that make use of sub-wavelength localization of optical fields. Our approach combines the ideas of quantum optics with those of electronics and plasmonics. It can be used to create an efficient quantum interface between individual optical emitters and individual surfaces plasmons, to develop novel kinds of nanoscale sensors and to control cold atoms in nanoscale traps.
Ovarian tissue characterization using bulk optical properties

Ovarian cancer, the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers, is not often found in its early stages due to few symptoms and no reliable screening test. Optical imaging has a great potential to improve the ovarian cancer detection and diagnosis. In this study we have characterized the bulk optical properties of 26 ex-vivo human ovaries using a Diffuse Optical Tomography system. The quantitative values indicated that, in the postmenopausal group, malignant ovaries showed significantly lower scattering coefficient than normal ones. The scattering parameter is largely related to the collagen content that has shown a strong correlation with the cancer development.
Ensemble selection for evolutionary learning using information theory and price's theorem

This paper presents an information theoretic perspective on design and analysis of evolutionary algorithms. Indicators of solution quality are developed and applied not only to individuals but also to ensembles, thereby ensuring information diversity. Price's Theorem is extended to show how joint indicators can drive reproductive sampling rate of potential parental pairings. Heritability of mutual information is identified as a key issue.
Methods for reduction of sternal wound infection

Deep sternal wound infections continue to be an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of cardiac surgical procedures. Numerous risk factors have been identified but only a few can be characterized as modifiable. These risk factors and their modifications are reviewed in the following article.
The CO2 laser as an intraluminal repair tool

The CO2 laser can weld vessels together and vaporize plaque. This study evaluates its use as an intraluminal reparative tool. In 17 dogs, a 1-cm circumferential intimectomy with a 1-mm distal intimal flap was performed in both carotids. In each dog, one carotid (CON, control) underwent suture flap repair. On the contralateral side (LR, laser repair), the flap was tacked with 20 250-mW 1-sec pulses and the denuded medium was g-lased for 90 sec (250 mW continuous). Animals were randomized into five groups and sacrificed on the day of surgery (Group I, n = 3), at 3 days (Group II, n = 3), at 1 week (Group III, n = 4), at 2 weeks (Group IV, n = 4), or at 4 weeks (Group V, n = 3). Vessel patencies were 88.2 and 82.4% for CON and LR, respectively. Flap repair appeared similar. No aneurysms were noted. Histology revealed a relative absence of platelet adherence to the g-lased surfaces in Groups I and II when compared to that of mechanical methods (CON). The ratio of the thickness of the regenerated surface to the total wall thickness demonstrated hyperplasia in LR vessels (0.54 +/- 0.12) when compared to that in CON (0.30 +/- 0.15) at 2 and 4 weeks (ANOVA, P less than 0.001). Coverage with endothelial-like cells appeared complete at 4 weeks in both methods. The CO2 laser can effectively repair intimal flaps. However, our results demonstrate a significant increase in medial hyperplasia following g-lasing even in the face of minimal early platelet adherence. This may prove detrimental to the long-term patency of intraluminal CO2 laser-treated vessels.
Connection between radiative pion capture and axial current in nuclei

Abstract Our previous conjecture that the soft-pion limit in nuclei is essentially the Baron approximation for the effective Hamiltonian is here proved for threshold pion photoproduction, in analogy to the case of pion charge exchange. This method provides the effective Hamiltonian H eff = (e/2ƒ π ) A · e related to the axial current and independent of the impulse approximation. The finite pion mass introduces two kinds of deviations from the Born approximation of this effective Hamiltonian. (a) corrections to the Hamiltonian itself (for example the ϱ contribution, the nuclear pole and the fermi motion.) (b) deviations from the Born approximation due to the distortion of the pion wave by the strong interaction. The role of the nuclear excited states is to transform the average distorted pion field into an effective field. A numerical application is made to the 3He-t system.
Macroscopic Anatomy of the Great Vessels and Structures Associated with the Heart of the Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida)

The ringed seal [Pusa (Phoca) hispida], as well as other seals, exhibits unique anatomical properties when compared to its terrestrial counterparts. In the ringed seal, the most conspicuous marine adaptation is the aortic bulb. This large dilatation of the ascending aorta is comparable to that found in other seal species and marine mammals. The branches of the ascending aorta (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) are similar to those of higher primates and man. The peculiarities of the venous system are: three pulmonary veins, a pericardial venous plexus, a caval sphincter, a hepatic sinus with paired caudal vena cavae and a large extradural venous plexus. Generally, three common pulmonary veins (right, left and caudal) empty into the left atrium. The pericardial venous plexus lies deep to the mediastinal pericardial pleura (pleura pericardica) on the auricular (ventral) surface of the heart. The caval sphincter surrounds the caudal vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm. Caudal to the diaphragm, the vena cava is dilated (the hepatic sinus), and near the cranial extremity of the kidneys, it becomes biphid. The azygos vein is formed from the union of the right and left azygos veins at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra. Cardiovascular physiological studies show some of these anatomical variations, especially of the venous system and the ascending aorta, to be modifications for diving. This investigation documents the large blood vessels associated with the heart and related structures in the ringed seal.
Effect of Mineral Filler Type and Amount on Design and Performance of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

Three methods for classifying aggregate particle shape and texture—AASHTO TP33, ASTM D3389, and the flow rate method—were evaluated. These methods were used to rank four natural river sands and a crushed granite from good to poor performance based on the criteria established by each method. Test results indicate that all methods easily distinguished the crushed aggregate from the natural river sands. The AASHTO TP33 and the flow rate method were found to be some-what less sensitive to slight differences in particle shape and texture than was ASTM D3398. All the test methods were found to be repeatable, each having low coefficients of variation for all the aggregates tested. To evaluate the effect of particle shape and texture and mineral filler content on mix performance in permanent deformation, one natural sand ranked as average performing was selected and blended with the crushed granite in the proportion of 20 percent natural sand and 80 percent crushed granite. Asphalt-aggregate mixtures containing 4...
RELACIONES ENTRE LA VIOLENCIA, SALUD MENTAL, PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA, Y ACTITUDES HACIA LA JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL EN LA COSTA CARIBE DE COLOMBIA

The current article investigates how political violence can increase psychological stress and how it can tear down the social structure of a community. At the same time, we examine how individuals and communities are surprisingly resilient to the on-going conflict. This phenomenon leads us to this research question: How does the exposure to political violence affect people at an individual level? More precisely, this article explores what relationship we can find between political violence and individual mental health by examining the participation these individuals have in a community, and also by studying the attitudes or behaviors they had towards transitional justice and democracy, in a setting of a very long term armed conflict. A theoretical contribution of this project is the integration made between theoretical psychological frameworks and studies in favor of peace. Surveys of 184 individuals reveal certain trends, Ph.D in Psychology and Peace Studies. Filiacion institucional: Departmen of Psichology and Kroe Institute for International Peace Studies, University Of Notre Dame. E-mail:
Estimation of gravity wave momentum flux with spectroscopic imaging

Atmospheric gravity waves play a significant role in the dynamics and thermal balance of the upper atmosphere. In this paper, we present a novel technique for automated and robust calculation of momentum flux of high-frequency quasi-monochromatic wave components from spectroscopic imaging and horizontal radar wind measurements. Our approach uses the two-dimensional (2-D) cross periodogram of two consecutive Doppler-shifted time-differenced (TD) images to identify wave components and estimate intrinsic wave parameters. Besides estimating the average perturbation of dominant waves in the whole field of view, this technique applies 2-D short-space Fourier transform to the TD images to identify localized wave events. With the wave parameters acquired, the momentum flux carried by all vertically propagating wave components is calculated using an analytical model relating the measured intensity perturbation to the wave amplitude. This model is tested by comparing wave perturbation amplitudes inferred from spectroscopic images with those from sodium lidar temperature measurements. The proposed technique enables characterization of the variations in the direction and strength of gravity waves with high temporal resolution for each clear data-taking night. The nightly results provide statistical information for investigating seasonal and geographical variations in momentum flux of gravity waves.
Foster mother state of mind and treatment use: Different challenges for different people

On the basis of our research findings from the last 10 years, we have developed a training program for foster parents that targets three critical needs for infants in foster care. This treatment program has now been manualized to allow dissemination to other sites. With our intervention as well as any other, we see it as critical to tailor services to the needs of individual clients rather than adhering in doctrinaire fashion to the manual. In particular, we suggest that attending to foster parents' state of mind with regard to attachment is vital to providing an effective treatment. In this article, we present examples of foster parents with different states of mind and describe how treatment is tailored to meet their indi- vidual needs. RESUMEN: Basados en los resultados de nuestras investigaciones en los ultimos diez anos, hemos desa- rrollado un programa de entrenamiento para padres que acogen en su familia a ninos sin ser sus padres biologicos, el cual tiene como objetivo tres necesidades clinicas para los infantes que reciben dicho cuidado. Ahora, este programa de tratamiento ha sido colocado en un manual para diseminarlo a otros lugares. Con nuestra intervencion, asicomo con otras, creemos que es esencial moldear los servicios a las necesidades de clientes individuales, en vez de adherirse de una manera doctrinaria al manual. Par- ticularmente sugerimos que, para proveer un tratamiento efectivo, es vital que se le preste atencion al estado mental de los padres que acogen al nino, con respecto a la afectividad. En este articulo, presentamos ejemplos de padres adoptivos cuyos pensamientos sobre la afectividad varian, y se describe como el tratamiento se moldea para atender a sus necesidades individuales. RESUME ´ : Nous avons developpe ´, apartir des resultats de nos recherches de ces dix dernieres annees, un programme de formation pour parents de placement qui cible trois besoins critiques pour les enfants places dans une famille de placement. Ce programme de traitement a maintenant emanualiseafin de permettre la dissemination vers d'autres sites. Avecnotre intervention, c omme toute intervention, nous considerons qu'il est essentiel et critique d'adapter les services aux besoins des clients individuels, plutot que d'adherer de facon doctrinaire au manuel. Plus particulierement, nous suggerons que le fait d'accompagner l'etat d'esprit des parents de placement pour ce qui concerne l'attachement est vital lorsqu'il s'agit d'offrir un traitement efficace. Nous presentons dans cet article des exemples de parents
Tokenless static data flow using associative templates

The static data flow model of computation promises high performance from fine grained parallelism, but conventional token-driven static data flow architectures are inefficient in terms of memory bandwidth and microcycles required per operation. The associative template mechanism, a new application of associative techniques, employs specially configured content-addressable memories to provide efficient flow control for static data flow program execution. It supports static data flow semantics while exhibiting memory bandwidth and microcycle demands comparable to those of conventional uniprocessors. Associative diffusion, a second application of associative methods, provides communication between adjacent nodes of a mesh-connected network of associative-template-based processors. This mechanism achieves nearest-neighbor communication at speeds comparable to intra-node transactions by overlapping domains of associativity across boundaries between neighboring nodes. Together, associative templates and associative diffusion provide a token-free approach to static data flow computation.
Racial and ethnic differences in perinatal mortality: the role of fetal death.

Purpose We investigate whether variations in infant mortality rates among racial/ethnic groups could be explained by variations in fetal mortality rates where relatively higher infant mortality rates may correspond to lower fetal mortality rates due to possible systematic differences in reporting of fetal death compared to live births. Methods Using US perinatal data from 1995 to 1999, we calculated crude mortality rates, birth weight-specific fetal and hebdomadal mortality rates, risks of perinatal death, and the risk of being classified as a fetal death versus other period death among infants born to Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic mothers. Results Two-fold disparities between Whites and Blacks persist for all mortality categories. Black low birth-weight deliveries, compared to Whites, have perinatal advantages in both fetal and hebdomadal periods. Hispanics were less likely than Whites to be reported as a fetal versus a hebdomadal death. Conclusions While these data suggest some underreporting of Black fetal deaths, they provide little evidence that Black-White disparities in infant mortality are a function of variations in classifying a death occurring at delivery as either a fetal death or as a live birth-infant death. These data suggest that the lack of a White-Hispanic disparity in fetal mortality rates may be influenced by underreporting.
An Electronic Daily Diary Process Study of Stress and Health Behavior Triggers of Primary Headaches in Children

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mark Connelly, Co-Director, IntegrativePain Management, Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics,2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. E-mail: mconnelly1@cmh.eduReceived December 14, 2010; revisions received February 24, 2011; accepted March 1, 2011Objective To determine through a daily process study whether alleged psychological and health behaviorheadache triggers reliably predict headache occurrence in children. Methods Twenty-five children aged 8–17years with primary headaches reported on their expectancies for headache triggers and then used electronicdiaries three times daily for 2 weeks to record headache occurrence, stressors, type and timing of food anddrink intake, sleep and wake times, and sleep quality. Hypotheses pertaining to the association of presumedheadache triggers and headache occurrence were evaluated using multilevel models. Results Only changes instress level reliably preceded the occurrence of a new headache episode. Nights in which a child had lessthan his/her typical sleep quantity also tended to predict headache occurrence. Consumption of certain foodand drink items was found to be protective. Conclusions Daily stressors seem to be a more reliable triggerof children’s headaches than diet or sleep factors.Key words children; electronic diary; headache; triggers.
A Resampling-Based Stochastic Approximation Method for Analysis of Large Geostatistical Data

The Gaussian geostatistical model has been widely used in modeling of spatial data. However, it is challenging to computationally implement this method because it requires the inversion of a large covariance matrix, particularly when there is a large number of observations. This article proposes a resampling-based stochastic approximation method to address this challenge. At each iteration of the proposed method, a small subsample is drawn from the full dataset, and then the current estimate of the parameters is updated accordingly under the framework of stochastic approximation. Since the proposed method makes use of only a small proportion of the data at each iteration, it avoids inverting large covariance matrices and thus is scalable to large datasets. The proposed method also leads to a general parameter estimation approach, maximum mean log-likelihood estimation, which includes the popular maximum (log)-likelihood estimation (MLE) approach as a special case and is expected to play an important role ...
Representation and Aesthetics in Paleo-Art: An Interview with John Gurche

Augusta, Josef, and Burian, Zdenek 1960 Prehistoric Man. London: Paul Hamlyn. Boime, Albert 1986 The Academy and French Painting in the Nineteenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Bowditch, Nancy Douglas 1970 George de Forest Brush: Recollections of a Joyous Painter. Peterborough, NH: Noone House. Czerkas, Sylvia Massey, and Donald F. Glut 1982 Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Cavemen: The Art of Charles R. Knight. New York: E. P. Dutton. Gombrich, E. H. 1969 Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Gould, Stephen Jay 1995 Ladders and Cones: Constraining Evolution by Canonical Icons. In Hidden Histories of Science. Robert B. Silvers, ed. Pp. 37-67. New York: New York Review. Milner, Richard 1990 The Encyclopedia of Evolution: Humanity's Search for Its Origins. New York: Facts on File. Morgan, Joan B. 1983 The Indian Paintings of George de Forest Brush. American ArtJournal Spring:60-73. Nemerov, Alex 1991 Doing the "Old America"; The Image of the American West, 1880-1920. In The West as America: Reinterpreting Images of the Frontier, 1820-1920. William H. Truettner, ed. Pp. 285-343. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Rudwick, Martin S. J. 1992 Scenes from Deep Time: Early Pictorial Representations of the Prehistoric World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Weinberg, H. Barbara 1991 The Lure of Paris: Nineteenth-Century American Painters and Their French Teachers. New York: Abbeville Press.
Learning and Leadership in Organizations Toward Complementary Communities of Practice

The goal of this study is to stimulate dialog in the research community around a model of learning linked to leadership in organizations. It is an attempt to integrate various communities of practice and divergent approaches by placing equal emphasis on developing a model of organizational learning as well as on embedding the development process itself into the context of a scientific dialog. A model of how learning in organizations can be conceptualized as a role negotiated between superiors and their subordinates is developed and investigated. The model postulates that individuals in organizations accomplish learning by specializing in certain learning tasks. This specialization is based on role behaviors and resources that constrain or facilitate learning opportunities negotiated in the workplace between subordinates and their superiors. How this learning may be shared to result in organizational learning and implications for theory development are discussed.
ALLOSPECIFIC DR GENE EXPRESSION ON THE HUMAN THYROID CELL

Human thyroid epithelial cells, stimulated with recombinant gamma interferon (IF) (100U/ml), were HLA-DR typed by means of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The thyroid cell lysis reaction patterns were found to be similar to those obtained with autologous peripheral B cells in four of five separate experiments. Since the cytotoxic reactions with thyroid cells were sometimes incomplete with many antisera, a two-color fluorescence technique was developed to measure the specificity of the antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis. Using constitutively HLA-D antigen-positive Raji B lymphoblastoid cells as controls, we showed that non-polymorphic HLA-D and HLA-DR determinants could be detected on the thyroid cell surfaces by this cell lysis approach. In addition, gamma IF stimulated thyroid cells from a DR3 positive individual were lysed to a significantly greater degree than unstimulated autologous thyroid cells with the use of a specific monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR3, thus confirmin...
Deep tissue injury in development of pressure ulcers: a decrease of inflammasome activation and changes in human skin morphology in response to aging and mechanical load.

Molecular mechanisms leading to pressure ulcer development are scarce in spite of high mortality of patients. Development of pressure ulcers that is initially observed as deep tissue injury is multifactorial. We postulate that biomechanical forces and inflammasome activation, together with ischemia and aging, may play a role in pressure ulcer development. To test this we used a newly-developed bio-mechanical model in which ischemic young and aged human skin was subjected to a constant physiological compressive stress (load) of 300 kPa (determined by pressure plate analyses of a person in a reclining position) for 0.5–4 hours. Collagen orientation was assessed using polarized light, whereas inflammasome proteins were quantified by immunoblotting. Loaded skin showed marked changes in morphology and NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression. Sub-epidermal separations and altered orientation of collagen fibers were observed in aged skin at earlier time points. Aged skin showed significant decreases in the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins. Loading did not alter NLRP3 inflammasome proteins expression in aged skin, whereas it significantly increased their levels in young skin. We conclude that aging contributes to rapid morphological changes and decrease in inflammasome proteins in response to tissue damage, suggesting that a decline in the innate inflammatory response in elderly skin could contribute to pressure ulcer pathogenesis. Observed morphological changes suggest that tissue damage upon loading may not be entirely preventable. Furthermore, newly developed model described here may be very useful in understanding the mechanisms of deep tissue injury that may lead towards development of pressure ulcers.
Introducing SCSI-to-IP cache for storage area networks

Data storage plays an essential role in today's fast-growing data-intensive network services. iSCSI is one of the most recent standards that allow SCSI protocols to be carried out over IP networks. However, the disparities between SCSI and IP prevent fast and efficient deployment of SAN (storage area network) over IP. This paper introduces STICS (SCSI-To-IP cache storage), a novel storage architecture that couples reliable and high-speed data caching with low-overhead conversion between SCSI and IP protocols. Through the efficient caching algorithm and localization of certain unnecessary protocol overheads, STICS significantly improves performance over current iSCSI system. Furthermore, STICS can be used as a basic plug-and-play building block for data storage over IP. We have implemented software STICS prototype on Linux operating system. Numerical results using popular PostMark benchmark program and EMC's trace have shown dramatic performance gain over the current iSCSI implementation.
Insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of measures to prevent occupational irritant hand dermatitis.

Commentary on: A Bauer, J Schmitt, C Bennett, et al.. Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010;6:CD004414.
Nitrite in pulmonary arterial hypertension: therapeutic avenues in the setting of dysregulated arginine/nitric oxide synthase signalling

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an insidious disease of the small pulmonary arteries that is progressive in nature and results in right heart strain/hypertrophy and eventually failure. The aetiologies may vary but several common pathophysiological changes result in this phenotype, including vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and vascular proliferation. Data suggest that nitric oxide (NO) signalling is vasoprotective in the setting of PAH. The classic arginine-NO synthase (NOS)-NO signalling pathway may represent an adaptive response that is eventually dysregulated during disease progression. Dysregulation occurs secondary to NOS enzyme down-regulation, enzymatic uncoupling, and arginine catabolism by vascular and red cell arginases and by direct NO inactivation via catabolic reactions with superoxide or cell-free plasma haemoglobin (in the case of haemolytic disease). The anion nitrite, which has recently been recognized as a source of NO that circumvents the arginine-NOS pathway, may serve as an additional adaptive signalling pathway that is now appreciated to have a vasoregulatory role in the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. Inhaled nebulized sodium nitrite is a relatively potent pulmonary vasodilator in the setting of hypoxia and is also anti-proliferative in multiple experimental models of pulmonary hypertension. Multiple nitrite reductases have been shown to be relevant in the conversion of nitrite to metabolically active NO, including deoxy-haemoglobin and myoglobin in the circulation and heart, respectively, and xanthine oxidoreductase in the lung parenchyma.
From Rhetoric to Reality: A Typology of Publically Engaged Scholarship.

Despite significant institutional rhetoric about engaged scholarship,scant empirical research focuses on the activities that constitutepublicly engaged scholarship from the faculty perspective. This study's purpose was to develop a typology of publicly engaged scholarship based upon faculty descriptions of their scholarly work. An interdisciplinary research team conducted an interpretive content analysis of 173 promotion and tenure forms provided by successful tenure-track faculty at a research-intensive, land-grant, Carnegie Classifed Community Engagement institution. The 14-category typology that emerged from the data and literature comprises four types of publicly engaged research and creative activities, five types of publicly engaged instruction, four types of publicly engaged service, and one type of publicly engaged commercialized activity. The typology may be useful as a basis for cross-institutional comparisons, institutional responses to public accountability, more effective faculty development programs, and strategic career decision-making by individual faculty members and emerging engaged scholars.
Systematics of the first 2+ excitation in spherical nuclei with the Skryme quasiparticle random-phase approximation

We use the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) and the Skyrme interactions $\mathrm{SLy}4$ and ${\mathrm{SkM}}^{*}$ to systematically calculate energies and transition strengths for the lowest ${2}^{+}$ state in spherical even-even nuclei. The ${\mathrm{SkM}}^{*}$ functional, applied to 178 spherical nuclei between $Z=10$ and 90, produces excitation energies that are on average 11% higher than experimental values, with residuals that fluctuate about the average by $\ensuremath{-}35%$ to $+55%$. The predictions of ${\mathrm{SkM}}^{*}$ and $\mathrm{SLy}4$ have significant differences, in part because of differences in the calculated ground state deformations; ${\mathrm{SkM}}^{*}$ performs better in both the average and dispersion of energies. Comparing the QRPA results with those of generator-coordinate-method (GCM) calculations, we find that the QRPA reproduces trends near closed shells better than the GCM, and that it overpredicts the energies less severely in general.
Profiles of current Latin American arms producers

In a recent article, Stephanie Neuman examines several critical factors that separate developing countries into arms producers and arms nonproducers. She ranks countries according to a weighted index of military production capability (derived from length of production, production capacity, and technical capabilities) and also according to the following seven socioeconomic indicators: population, land size, size of military, gross national product (GNP), GNP per capita, number of professional and technical workers, and number of industrial workers. She computes correlation coefficients (Kendall's tau) by region (Latin America, South Asia, and the Far East) and for twenty-six arms producers worldwide.
The importance of fluency of terminology in the applicability of imaging findings.

Commentary on Fu MC, Webb ML, Buerba RA, Neway WE, Brown JE, Trivedi M, et al. Comparison of agreement of cervical spine degenerative pathology findings in magnetic resonance imaging studies. Spine J 2016:16:42–8 ( in this issue ).
Values and the patient-physician relationship

The arguments of Brody, Montgomery, and Rosenbaum have been shown to come up short under the glare of Engelhardt’s moral strangers. Each sought to argue for a particular kind of PPR, but their arguments fall short because they contain, hidden within them, (not argued for) preferred sets of values and value-orderings. Such things are not compatible with the work of Engelhardt and, from that point of view, the views that rely upon them must be rejected.
Measuring Sisu: Development of a Tool to Measure Mental Toughness in Academia

Sisu is a Finnish term loosely translated as endurance or resilience in the face of adversity. In the athletic arena, the construct of Mental Toughness (MT) similarly describes the ability of some top athletes to overcome challenge and persist. We sought to measure sisu, or mental toughness, within an academic context in an effort to understand if mental toughness may be one of the missing puzzle pieces in understanding individual differences in persistence in STEM majors and careers. Exploratory factor analysis yielded similar constructs underlying academic MT as compared to athletic MT. This preliminary research provides the first step in creating a reliable and valid tool to assess MT in academics. Further research establishing the reliability and validity of this construct is warranted given the finding that several MT factor correlations with academic self- efficacy existed. We believe the ability to identify and quantify one’s MT will serve as an important variable in understanding individual differences in challenging situations.
A Role Stress Model of the Performance and Satisfaction of Industrial Salespersons

This research proposes an integrative model of the antecedents and consequences of salesforce role stress, with particular emphasis on two outcomes important to sales reps and firms alike: salesfor...
Parenting Stress and Sexual Satisfaction Among First-Time Parents: A Dyadic Approach

The present paper reports on longitudinal associations between parenting stress and sexual satisfaction among 169 heterosexual couples in the first year after the birth of a first child. Actor Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) was used to model the effects of the mother's and father's parenting stress at 6 months after birth on sexual satisfaction at one year after birth. Based on social constructivist theory and scarcity theory, two hypotheses were posed: (a) mothers' parenting stress will predict their own later sexual satisfaction whereas fathers' parenting stress will not predict their own later sexual satisfaction (actor effects) and (b) mothers' parenting stress will predict fathers' later sexual satisfaction but fathers' parenting stress will not predict mothers' later sexual satisfaction (partner effects). On average, parents were only somewhat satisfied with their sex life. The first hypothesis was supported as greater parenting stress significantly predicted lower sexual satisfaction for mothers but not for fathers. The second hypothesis was also supported as mothers' greater parenting stress significantly predicted less sexual satisfaction in fathers, whereas fathers' parenting stress did not significantly predict mothers' sexual satisfaction. We discuss how our results may be interpreted considering the social construction of gendered family roles.
147 FOLLOW-UP OF OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED AT WELL-CHILD VISITS.

Background The prevalence of overweight children in the United States is increasing. Barriers to obesity diagnosis and treatment are multifactorial. As with other chronic conditions, timely follow-up is an essential component of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance with follow-up of children diagnosed as overweight. Hypothesis Appropriate diagnosis and counseling of overweight children will lead to better compliance with follow-up. Methods A chart review was conducted on 2- to 17-year-old children who presented for well-child visits between 7/31 and 8/16/03 at an inner-city university-affiliated clinic. Diagnosis of overweight, BMI, comorbid conditions, demographic data, and follow-up appointment were recorded. A year later, a second chart review was done on those identified as overweight and their BMI, diagnosis, management, and compliance with follow-up were recorded. Results We reviewed 278 charts: 88% were African American, 56% male, and 94% on Medicaid. Fifty-eight children (21%) were overweight, but only 40 were correctly identified, including 16 with comorbid conditions, while 18 overweight were not diagnosed. Of the 40 children correctly diagnosed, 93% received dietary counseling, 85% exercise advice, and 60% were told to decrease their sedentary activities. Referral to a nutritionist was made for 16 children but only two kept their appointments. Follow-up appointments were made for 31 of 40 (78%) overweight: 18 in 4 weeks, 13 in 6 to 12 weeks. Only 3 children returned at the appointed time, but none mentioned overweight as a reason for the visit among the complaints presented. The physician also failed to discuss the overweight diagnosis of the previous visit. Conclusion Majority of children diagnosed as overweight received appropriate counseling and follow-up appointment. The majority (93%) failed to return, and those who returned did so for reasons other than the weight issue. The physician likewise failed to address the problem. Barriers to compliance by both patient and physician need to be explored if we are to solve the problem of obesity.
Analysis on contamination monitoring result of market food in Mianyang in 2010

Objective:To understand the polluted condition of plumbum,cadmium,mercury,aluminum and pesticide residues in vegetables and fruit in Mianyang and provide scientific basis for instituting effective schemes to prevent and control diseases.Methods:Food samples were collected or purchased from supermarket and farm product market in Mianyang,Beichuan county,Jiangyou city and Santai county,and detected by methods of food hygienic inspection.Results:249 food samples were detected,157 samples were qualified and the qualification rate was 63.05%.Mercury item was qualified in all samples,the unqualified items were plumbum,cadmium,aluminum,pesticide residues in some samples among 27 tested indexes in 47 kinds of foods.Conclusion:Some foods in Mianyang were severely contaminated by plumbum,aluminum and pesticide residues.Pertinent measures should be taken to reduce the contaminations by relevant departments for protecting the people's health.
Ethical considerations in interventional pain management

This chapter presents a case study of a healthy 15-year-old girl for elective diagnostic ankle arthroscopy for ankle pain and swelling. Using the study as a reference, it focuses on the ethical issues related to common, routine preoperative tests. The chapter examines two preoperative tests with special social implications: HIV and pregnancy testing. The informed consent process requires respect for informed refusal, and with rare exceptions, patients should not be coerced into undergoing screening pregnancy testing by threatening to cancel the case if they refuse. Good medical practice, both from ethical and medical standpoints, includes applying evidence-based guidelines in determining if a preoperative test should be done. Pregnancy testing and HIV testing are examples of tests with significant social implications, but little proven medical benefit as screening tests. Policies requiring such tests should be reconsidered in light of the ethical principles respecting patient autonomy and striving for beneficence and nonmaleficence.
Home life and the development of competence in mathematics: Implications of research with the HOME inventory

Children’s environments contain a diverse array of actions, objects, events, and conditions that have the potential to influence the development of math skills. The focus of this chapter is on the HOME Inventory and what research using the HOME reveals about relations between children’s home environments and their competence in mathematics. Studies show that socioemotional and structural features of the home are associated with math competence just as are access to learning materials and efforts on the part of parents to provide enriching experiences. Provision of stimulation during the second and third years of life shows a stronger relation to math than does stimulation during early infancy. It also appears that some of the relations are indirect via language and cognitive processing skills. Although research is limited, research using the HOME suggests that the broad affordances of the home environment matter as regards the early development of math competence.