cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific hypotheses on the geographic mosaic of coevolution

abstract: Coevolution is one of the major processes organizing the earth's biodiversity. The need to understand coevolution as an ongoing process has grown as ecological concerns have risen over the dynamics of rapidly changing biological communities, the conservation of genetic diversity, and the population biology of diseases. The biggest current challenge is to understand how coevolution operates across broad geographic landscapes, linking local ecological processes with phylogeographic patterns. The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution provides a framework for asking how coevolution continually reshapes interactions across different spatial and temporal scales. It produces specific hypotheses on how geographically structured coevolution differs from coevolution at the local scale. It also provides a framework for understanding how local maladaptation can result from coevolution and why coevolved interactions may rarely produce long lists of coevolved traits that become fixed within species. Long‐te...
On the angular correlation of electrons in configuration interaction wavefunctions

Abstract In a recent study of angular correlation of electrons in the ground state of the helium atom was examined using both configuration interaction (CI) and Hylleraas wavefunctions. It was concluded that little reliance should be placed on properties involving angular correlation which are derived from CI wavefunctions. In contradiction with this conclusion, we have observed a rapid convergence of the natural orbital CI expansion to the correct angular correlation behavior of the Kinoshita helim atom wavefunction.
Familial Hypomagnesaemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis: The First Four Patients in Serbia

SummARy Introduction Familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by excessive renal magnesium and calcium wasting, bilateral nehrocalcinosis and progressive renal failure. This is the first report of FHHNC of four patients in Serbia. Outline of Cases The first three patients were siblings from the same family. The index case, a 9­year­ old girl, presented with severe growth retardation, polyuria and polydipsia, while her brothers, 11 and 7 years old, were disclosed during family member screening. The father had a urolithiasis when aged 18 years, while intermittent microhaematuria and bilateral microlithiasis persisted later on. The fourth patient, a 16­year­old boy with sporadic FHHNC was discovered to have increased proteinuria at routine examination of urine before registration for secondary school. He was well grown up, normotensive, but had moderate renal failure (CKD 3 stage), mild hypomagnesaemia and severe hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Beside typical clinical and biochemical data, the diagnosis of FHHNC was confirmed by mutation analysis of the CLDN16 gene; in all four affected individuals a homozygous CLDN16 muta­ tion (Leu151Phe) was found. Treatment with magnesium supplementation resulted in the normaliza­ tion of serum magnesium levels only in one patient (patient 4), but hypercalciuria persisted and renal failure progressed in all patients. Conclusion FHHNC is a rare cause of chronic renal failure. The first four patients with FHHNC in Serbia have been here described. The diagnosis of FHNNC based on the findings of nephrocalcinosis with hypomagne­ siaemia and hypercalciuria, was confirmed by homozygous paracellin1­mutation exhibiting a Leu151Phe.
Buying a handgun for someone else: firearm dealer willingness to sell

Objective: To examine firearm dealer willingness to sell when a handgun is being purchased for another person. US law requires a background check of the purchaser but not the end user of a firearm. Subjects and methods: A total of 120 handgun dealers (six from each of the 20 largest US cities with 10 or more dealers) participated in telephone interviews. Dealers within each city were randomly assigned to a male or female interviewer and then randomly assigned to one of three purchase conditions—when the consumer said that the handgun was for him/herself, a gift for a girl/boyfriend, or for a girl/boyfriend "because s/he needs it". Results: Most dealers were willing to sell a handgun regardless of the end user (self: 87.5%; gift: 70.8%; "need": 52.5%). Multivariate analyses indicate that dealers in the Midwest, South, and West were more willing to sell than those in the Northeast (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 21.30, 18.74, and 8.93, respectively) and that willingness to sell is lower when the sale would be illegal, that is, under the "need" condition (AOR = 0.20). Conclusions and implications: Dealers are in a position to exercise judgment when a customer is explicit about buying a firearm for someone else. Some appeared willing to ignore or sidestep relevant information even when told that the end user was prohibited from purchasing a firearm him/herself. In the absence of federal handgun registration, which would track ownership changes, resources with which to conduct compliance checks (for example, as are conducted to identify retailers who sell tobacco or alcohol to under-age persons) seem warranted.
The conserved tyrosine residues 401 and 1044 in ATP sites of human P-glycoprotein are critical for ATP binding and hydrolysis: evidence for a conserved subdomain, the A-loop in the ATP-binding cassette.

Each nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of mammalian P-glycoproteins (Pgps) and human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) B subfamily members contains a tyrosine residue ∼25 residues upstream of the Walker A domain. To assess the role of the conserved Y401 and Y1044 residues of human Pgp, we substituted these residues with F, W, C, or A either singly or together. The mutant proteins were expressed in a Vaccinia virus-based transient expression system as well as in baculovirus-infected HighFive insect cells. The Y401F, Y401W, Y1044F, Y1044W, or Y401F/Y1004F mutants transported fluorescent substrates similar to the wild-type protein. On the other hand, Y401L and Y401C exhibited partial (30−50%) function, and transport was completely abolished in Y401A, Y1044A, and Y401A/Y1044A mutant Pgps. Similarly, in Y401A, Y1044A, and Y401A/Y1044A mutants, TNP−ATP binding, vanadate-induced trapping of nucleotide, and ATP hydrolysis were completely abolished. Thus, an aromatic residue upstream of the Walker A motif in ABC transporte...
Principles of Rock Mechanics

Imagine for a moment that you are a field structural geologist, and you have just realized that your star graduate student does not know how to estimate the failure strength of intact rock at 10 km depth in a normal faulting environment. Or perhaps you are a geophysicist with graduate students modeling mantle convection who, as you come to find out, do not know what a dislocation is. You might decide that your students need to take a course in basic rock mechanics, but, and this may be easiest to imagine, you are the only staff member in your department available to teach such a course. If you are developing an introductory course in rock mechanics or you have been teaching such a course without a suitable text, this new book by Ruud Wiejermars was written specifically for you and your students. Principles of Rock Mechanics is a textbook to a one-semester course for graduate students and advanced undergraduates. There are 13 chapters, a math review section, and the obligatory introduction and final overview chapters. Each chapter is designed to be covered in two 50-minute lectures and one laboratory session. Following a formal introduction to the topic, the subsequent seven chapters serve as an introduction to the physical concepts and processes; physical quantities in rock mechanics, force and pressure, stress, elasticity, brittle failure, and ductile creep, taking the students to midterm. An unusual and welcome feature appears at the midsemester point—a math review of notation and associated concepts: differentiation of vectors and scalars, differential equations, tensors, matrices and determinants, and complex variables. This review provides an indication of the rigor to follow.
Identification of beta-lymphotoxin as the predominant molecular class of in vitro and in vivo Syrian hamster lymphotoxin.

Abstract The molecular class of Golden Syrian hamster lymphotoxin produced in vitro and in vivo was determined by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography using silica-based protein separation columns eluted with a 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4 buffer containing 0.1% M r 4000 polyethylene glycol. Lymphotoxin cytolytic activity was quantitated in the column effluent by measuring the ability of the fractions to lyse alpha-L929 cells as indicated by [ 3 H]TdR release. Lymphotoxin activity induced by an 8- or 24-hr or 5-day phytohemagglutinin stimulation of peritoneal leukocytes, by 24-hr phytohemagglutinin-coated alpha-L929-cell stimulation of peritoneal leukocytes, or by 24-hr phytohemagglutinin stimulation of spleen cells occurred in the M r range of 20,000–56,000, with major components in the 35,000–50,000 beta-lymphotoxin region. No activity was present in the complex (greater than 200,000) region and only minimal activity was detectable in the alpha (70,000–160,000) and gamma (12,000–20,000) regions. In vivo -induced lymphotoxin, obtained by peritoneal lavage 48 hr after intraperitoneal administration of phytohemagglutinin, was entirely beta-lymphotoxin and was not detectable in the plasma. Lymphotoxin produced in vitro and injected simultaneously with the gamma-emitting radio-nuclide 99m technetium, inhibited in vivo development of radiation-induced transplacental carcinogenesis. Thus, Syrian hamster lymphotoxin with antitumor activity consists of glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 4.8–5.2, M r of 20,000–56,000, and major in vitro and in vivo forms in the beta-lymphotoxin range.
A comparison of the Caulobacter NA1000 and K31 genomes reveals extensive genome rearrangements and differences in metabolic potential.

1. Summary The genus Caulobacter is found in a variety of habitats and is known for its ability to thrive in low-nutrient conditions. K31 is a novel Caulobacter isolate that has the ability to tolerate copper and chlorophenols, and can grow at 48C with a doubling time of 40 h. K31 contains a 5.5 Mb chromosome that codes for more than 5500 proteins and two large plasmids (234 and 178 kb) that code for 438 additional proteins. A comparison of the K31 and the Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 genomes revealed extensive rearrangements of gene order, suggesting that the genomes had been randomly scrambled. However, a careful analysis revealed that the distance from the origin of replication was conserved for the majority of the genes and that many of the rearrangements involved inversions that included the origin of replication. On a finer scale, numerous small indels were observed. K31 proteins involved in essential functions shared 80–95% amino acid sequence identity with their C. crescentus homologues, while other homologue pairs tended to have lower levels of identity. In addition, the K31 chromosome contains more than 1600 genes with no homologue in NA1000.
The role of clinical information systems in improving physician productivity: Challenges facing the adoption of an electronic charge capture system

Regulatory compliance requirements of maintaining complete patient records and clinical documentation increase the administrative tasks of the housestaff and hospitals. Clinical information systems have been comprehensively adopted to assess the quality of care and outcomes, to improve the performance of health care providers, and to support health care information management. Our billing operation has experienced the need of an extended processing time to cope with the charge capture tasks related to physician reimbursement. We developed a semi-automated charge capture system assisted with information technology to improve the billing interface and promote physician productivity. This pilot system was adopted to test our hypothesis that information technology could improve the billing workflow. Physicians found that electronic juxtaposition of the pilot system with the electronic medical record (EMR) helpful in patient data verification from the progress note. The pilot system was successfully designed to assist physicians to improve productivity. Clearer changes in physician behavior and organizational management are needed to reduce administrative cost and prevent further errors. Although overall technical improvement may provide access to desired information, major barriers on data entry still hamper the efficient implementation and adoption of clinical information systems.
Fine structure of the developing down feather

Developing down feathers of the chick embryo were examined with special reference to the dermoepidermal boundary and the formative area of barb ridges. Numerous granules, 10–20 mμ in diameter, were seen in the cytoplasm of all cells. Similar granules were found in the matrix of the mitochondria. The latter were most abundant in the basal cytoplasm of the epidermal cells. Cells of the barb ridge contained many intracytoplasmic clusters of granules of similar size. Such clusters occurred in the light zone of the dermoepidermal boundary, and in the basal cytoplasm both apart from the surrounding the mitochondria. The dermal cells appeared to have more Golgi substance than those in the epidermis. The basement membrane was identified as a granular layer 15 mμ in width, separated from the epidermal cell membrane by a light zone 35 mμ wide. It showed no breaks or poses.
Theoretical improvement of wind turbine output by the addition of tip devices

HE objective of this article is to present a method of analysis and some comparisons of the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines with and without tip devices. Van Holten1 presents some preliminary theoretical and experimental observations on the effect of placing tip vanes on wind turbine rotor blades. More recently, Lissaman and Walker2 have published an extensive report on the dynamic inducer. Both of these reports show that the tip vane (referred to by Lissaman and Walker as dynamic inducer) acts very much like a duct or shroud around a propeller. An analysis of the tip vane aerodynamics shows that the resulting aerodyanmic force on the tip vane should be towards the axis of rotation. This results in a circulation at the rotor tips which will increase the flow through the rotor disk. The presence of the vanes induces additional mass flow through the disk area, thus absorbing more kinetic energy from the freestream than it would without the vanes. The above observations lead us to conclude that with suitably placed tip vanes (Fig. 1) there should be an improvement in the power output from a windmill. This Note presents the results of a vortex lattice program for the rotor with tip vanes. Vortex Lattice Model Sullivan3 has presented a vortex lattice model for analyzing complex propeller configurations. This method is adapted for a theoretical analysis of the windmill rotor with tip vanes. Briefly, the votex lattice method treats the horseshoe vortex as the basic lift-producing unit within the flowfield. The bound vortex elements are placed at the quarter chord of the blade with the trailing vortices coiling into a helical vortex pattern, whose pitch is defined by the freestream velocity and the rotational velocity of the rotor blade. The induced velocity contribution at the control points, which are located at the three-quarter chord point of the blade airfoil section, is the sum of the contribution from the bound vortices and the trailing helical vortices. The contribution from the bound
Clinical Evaluation of Student Performance: The Effects of Criteria on Accuracy and Reliability

Faculty from four baccalaureate nursing programs participated in testing the accuracy and reliability of faculty evaluation of student performance as seen on a videotape. Three videotapes each portrayed a nursing student performing an ordinary nursing activity at five different levels of competency. The study design included three fixed factors (use of criteria, faculty experience, and type of student activity) and a trial factor with repeated measures (the five levels of performance). The experimental group (n = 27) used a 5-point scale with criteria for rating the level of performance while the control group (n = 33) used the same scale without criteria. A computed score and an estimated score were collected from each subject for each level of performance. The experimental group that used the scale with criteria gave more accurate computed and estimated evaluation scores than the control group. Faculty experience was not a significant factor in accuracy, but type of student activity was significant with the highest scores given to affective behaviors and the lowest scores given to psychomotor behaviors. There were no significant interactions between the three fixed factors.
A Normative Guide to the Use of the TAT Cards

In preparing this small handbook for the clinical use of the TAT, which I hope will be useful to personality researchers as well, I have assembled all of the normative data I could find, published or unpublished. In the course of doing so, I have been over the entire cumulative bibliography of the TAT—my own (which I allowed Henry to publish in his 1956 book and which is quite exhaustive through the early 1950s) and those published in Buros’s indispensable handbooks (1965, 1970, 1972). Only a few dozen titles out of approximately 2000 even suggest the presence of norms, and many of those proved of little value. Except for Eron’s valuable work (1950, 1953), I have found the unpublished material more complete, detailed, and extensive than what has made its way into print. There are many deficiencies of the normative literature besides its paucity—many studies give data for sets of cards, not for the individual pictures; or they comprise information on only a few cards, or they use nonstandard administration (e.g., stories written in response to projected images of the cards), aside from the sampling difficulties mentioned in the introduction. Further, the slight differences in definition of categories (for example, some authors lump “murder” with “suicide” while others distinguish them as I would prefer) or failure to define categories precisely make it frustrating to try to combine categories. For these reasons, I have leaned especially heavily on Fleming’s data on 100 adult males and females, supplemented by an application of her detailed, precise, and perceptually focused categories to data from up to 20 biologists, 19 physicists, and 18 artists (kindly given me by Roe; not all subjects were given the same cards), 53 Kansas highway patrolmen, 30 businessmen (Henry), and 31 to 50 psychiatric residents. Unfortunately, that makes a male, mostly middle-class, highly educated and sophisticated sample; where possible, I have compared frequencies with those given by the female half of Fleming’s sample, Eron’s (1953) norms for women, and Kiefer’s unpublished norms on 75 women and girls.
Diabetes and Hypertension: A Comparative Review of Current Guidelines

Cardiovascular disease plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. In turn, hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its prevalence is increased in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the detection and management of elevated blood pressure (BP) is a critical component of the comprehensive clinical management of diabetics. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension, there continues to be debate regarding the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension, especially in high-risk groups such as in patients with diabetes mellitus with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). This debate largely involves at what BP (ie, treatment threshold BP) to initiate pharmacologic antihypertensive therapy and subsequently what treatment target BP should be achieved (ie, goal BP). Presently, there are several guidelines that address hypertension in diabetes mellitus, including the recently released guideline from the Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Therefore, this review will compare and contrast these current guidelines, as they relate to the management and treatment of hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Since diabetes mellitus and CKD are significantly inter-related, the presence of CKD as it relates to patients with diabetes mellitus will also be addressed.
Speed sensor-less control of induction machine based on carrier signal injection and smooth-air-gap induction machine model

A speed estimation technique for induction machines based on carrier signal injection and the standard two-axis smooth air gap induction machine model is presented. The proposed speed estimation technique can work over a wide range of operating points, including DC excitation. The stability of the algorithm is analyzed using a two-time-scale approach. Based on the estimated rotor speed, a torque controller is designed. Experimental results are presented confirming the validity of this approach. A method to reduce torque ripple generated by the injected carrier signals is also introduced
IQ, Academic Performance, Environment, and Earnings

This paper explores the effects of peers, friends, family, IQ, and academic performance, observed in the last year of high school, on earnings at ages 35 and 53. All significantly affect earnings at both ages. The effects of IQ are much smaller than asserted in, for example, The Bell Curve, and badly overstated in the absence of controls for family, wider context, or academic performance. Aspirations appear to be very important. Socialization and role models may be as well, but not ability spillovers. Feasible increases in academic performance and education can compensate for the effects of many cognitive and contextual deficits.
Chapman Conference on Hydrogeological Processes Promotes Interaction

An AGU Chapman Conference, “Hydrogeological Processes: Building and Testing Atomistic-to-Basin-Scale Models,” brought together over 70 Earth scientists from diverse fields to assess the state-of-the-art and to discuss the means and mechanisms to build and test process models that produce probabilities rather than just possibilities. It became clear that this cross-disciplinary group of hydrologists, petrologists, metamorphic petrologists, quantum mechanical chemists, fluid geochemists, acoustic and electrical geophysicists, and rock mechanics researchers shared a large overlap in their intellectual pursuits with a complementary overlap in their approaches and conceptualizations. Given the need to construct integrated and parametrically realistic coupled models of non-steady state fluid flow, the meeting addressed the critical question of how to integrate the capabilities of individual disciplines. The conference was convened at the Loon Mountain Resort in Lincoln, N.H., from June 6 to 9, 1994, amid a minimum of black flies and a maximum of ambiance. The meeting initially organized itself into two philosophically contrasting styles of investigation: some wanted to extract and explore the broad generalities of hydrogeological processes (possible scenarios), while others preferred to examine the specifics of hydrogeologic processes with both theoretical studies and observations.
Dynamic state feedback control of constrained robot manipulators

The problem of simultaneous motion and force control of a constrained robot manipulator is studied. It is recognized that the degrees of freedom of the manipulator are reduced in the presence of constraints. A dynamic model suitable for motion and force control is derived. Both motion and force control loops are exactly linearized and decoupled by using a dynamic nonlinear state feedback and a nonlinear state transformation. Separate inputs are designated for control of the end effector motion and the constraint force. The system stability, in particular the force control stability, is theoretically analyzed. The application of the proposed control method to redundant manipulators is discussed. >
Identity determinants of infectious proteins.

Prions are among the most mysterious creatures ever produced in nature. Lacking nucleic acid genomes and composed entirely of proteins, these infectious agents are not eliminated by any traditional sterilization procedures. Prions cause mad cow disease and related disorders in mammals including humans (1). It also appears that proteins with prion properties are widespread in nature and can be found in organisms that are very distant from mammals, for example, in yeast (2, 3). Although yeast prions are likely to be harmful to their hosts (3), they do not kill yeast cells outright and can be propagated through an indefinite number of generations. In this issue of PNAS, Chang et al. (4) use a yeast prion model for deciphering the protein regions that determine prion identities.
General Deviants: An Analysis of Perturbations in Compressed Sensing

We analyze the Basis Pursuit recovery of signals with general perturbations. Previous studies have only considered partially perturbed observations Ax + e. Here, x is a signal which we wish to recover, A is a full-rank matrix with more columns than rows, and e is simple additive noise. Our model also incorporates perturbations E to the matrix A which result in multiplicative noise. This completely perturbed framework extends the prior work of Candes, Romberg, and Tao on stable signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements. Our results show that, under suitable conditions, the stability of the recovered signal is limited by the noise level in the observation. Moreover, this accuracy is within a constant multiple of the best-case reconstruction using the technique of least squares. In the absence of additive noise, numerical simulations essentially confirm that this error is a linear function of the relative perturbation.
Expression profile of the Plasmodium falciparum intra-erythrocytic stage protein, PF3D7_1363700

Efforts to control malaria are demanding due to drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and poor health infrastructure in malaria-endemic countries. Therefore, the research and development of additional malaria control methods are crucial. For host-parasite interactions, surface antigens and secreted proteins are likely to be involved in infectivity and invasion of host tissues and therefore can be effective targets for control by vaccines, drug therapy, or novel mosquito control methods. In an effort to identify and characterize genes that may have a role in host-parasite interaction, this study describes the expression profile of Plasmodium falciparum PF3D7_1363700. A P. falciparum gene, PF3D7_1363700, was identified by a search of the annotated Plasmodium genome database. Protein alignments of PF3D7_1363700 orthologues from various Plasmodium species were performed to demonstrate protein similarity. Transcript expression profiles of PF3D7_1363700 were determined via reverse-transcriptase PCR and protein expression was investigated by immunofluorescence assays, western blot analysis and green fluorescent trafficking studies. The PF3D7_1363700 protein demonstrates significant similarity with orthologues in other Plasmodium species and appears to be unique to Apicomplexans. The PF3D7_1363700 transcription profile demonstrated expression during the intra-erythrocytic, oocyst sporozoite, and salivary gland sporozoite stages while the PF3D7_1363700 protein was only detected during the intra-erythrocytic stages. This research utilized an in silico approach to identify a well-conserved protein known as PF3D7_1363700. By molecular, biochemical and cellular analyses, PF3D7_1363700 was discovered to be an intra-erythrocytic-specific stage protein that is unique to Apicomplexans.
Effectiveness of Preventive Dental Visits in Reducing Nonpreventive Dental Visits and Expenditures

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although preventive dental visits are considered important for maintaining pediatric oral health, there is relatively little research showing that they reduce subsequent nonpreventive dental visits or costs. At least 1 study seemed to find that early preventive dental care is associated with more restorative and emergency visits. Previous studies are limited by their inability to account for unmeasurable factors that may lead children to “select” into using both more preventive and nonpreventive dental care. We used econometric techniques that minimize selection bias to assess the effectiveness of preventive dental care in reducing subsequent nonpreventive dental service utilization among children. METHODS: Using data from Alabama’s Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 1998–2010., a cohort study of children’s dental service utilization was conducted. Outcomes were 1-year lagged nonpreventive dental care and expenditures, and overall dental and medical expenditures. Children who were continuously enrolled for at least 3 years were included. Separate models were estimated for children aged n = 14 972) and those aged ≥8 years ( n = 21 833). RESULTS: More preventive visits were associated with fewer subsequent nonpreventive dental visits and lower nonpreventive dental expenditures for both groups. However, more preventive visits did not reduce overall dental or medical (inclusive of dental) expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive dental visits can reduce subsequent nonpreventive visits and expenditures for children continuously enrolled in CHIP. However, they may not reduce overall program costs. Effective empirical research in this area must continue to address unobserved confounders and selection issues.
Panel: Web Privacy And Anonymity

The web has become the predominant channel through which users interact with providers of information on the Internet. Because of its placement between the user and the information the user wants to access, web software is in a unique position to learn about the user’s interests and possibly to provide that information to others. This panel will address the issues of privacy as it relates to the web and other information retrieval protocols and software.
Reference Guide to U.S. Repo and Securities Lending Markets

This paper is intended to serve as a reference guide on U.S. repo and securities lending markets. It begins by presenting the institutional structure, and then describes the market landscape, the role of the participants, and other characteristics, including how repo and securities lending activity has changed since the 2007-09 financial crisis. The paper then discusses vulnerabilities in the repo and short-term wholesale funding markets and the efforts to limit potential systemic risks. It next provides an overview of existing data sources on securities financing markets and highlights specific shortcomings related to data standards and data quality. Lastly, the authors discuss a near-term agenda to help fill some of the data gaps in repo and securities lending markets.
NO causes perinatal pulmonary vasodilation through K+-channel activation and intracellular Ca2+release

Evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) causes perinatal pulmonary vasodilation through K+-channel activation. We hypothesized that this effect worked through cGMP-dependent kinase-mediated activa...
Regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase Gene Expression in the Corpus Luteum: Role of Estradiol

HMG-CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, is regulated in both steroidogenic and nonstcroidogenic cells via negative feedback mechanism by either sterols or their metabolites. Steroidogenic tissues have, in addition, another mode of enzyme regulation due to their marked need for cholesterol substrate. We have previously demonstrated that estradiol enhances markedly and specifically the activity of this enzyme in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat. The observation that estradiol stimulates hMG-CoA reductase activity without changing the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation state of the enzyme led us to hypothesize that estradiol acts to specifically increase hMG-Co A reductase synthesis by increasing mRNAlevels encoding this protein. This hypothesis has been directly tested using a cDNA and an antibody for hMG-CoA reductase message and protein, respectively. In addition, since a decrease in cellular sterol upregulates the level of hMG-Co A reductase mRNA, we examined the possibility that estradiol’s action on hMG-Co A reductase activity, content and mRNA is mediated by estradiol depletion of cholesterol storage.
Oscillations in the Excitation Function for Complete Fusion of O 16 + C 12

The total fusion cross section for the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ system has been measured in the ranges $13 \mathrm{MeV}l~{E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}l~27 \mathrm{MeV}$. The cross section is found to increase with bombarding energy up to ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\approx}17$ MeV but to stay roughly constant at higher energies, in qualitative agreement with predictions of current models. Superimposed on this average cross-section behavior we observe unexpected oscillations with a period of about 3-4 MeV (c.m. energy).
Evaluation of aging pilots: evidence, policy, and future directions.

Current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations require that pilots of large commercial passenger and cargo aircraft be under age 60. However, the requirement does not apply to other pilots and the courts have ruled that mandatory retirement of test pilots at age 60 violates the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. FAA medical standards establish three levels of medical qualification, which require certain age-specific screening tests. This paper reviews the epidemiologic and clinical evidence relevant to the evaluation of aging pilots. This evidence is compared and contrasted with the current FAA requirements and past recommendations of the American Medical Association, the Institute of Medicine, and the Office of Technology Assessment. An opportunity exists to assess the class I examination and other tests through the consent decree covering aging test pilots. Another course of action would be to implement special issuances for older pilots. Language: en
Abnormal cell calcium homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new look on old disease.

Cumulative evidence reveals that diabetes is a condition in which cell Ca2+ homeostasis is impaired. Defects in cell Ca2+ regulation were found in erythrocytes, cardiac muscle, platelets, skeletal muscle, kidney, aorta, adipocytes, liver, osteoblasts, arteries, lens, peripheral nerves, brain synaptosomes, retinal tissue, and pancreatic β cells, confirming that this defect in cell Ca2+ metabolism is a basic pathology associated with the diabetic state. Though different defects in a variety of functions that regulate cell Ca2+ homeostasis were described in diabetes, the most common finding is an increase in [Ca2+]i levels. However, it is not clear whether the defect in cell Ca2+ metabolism in diabetes precedes or succeeds the overt diabetic condition. It is also not clear which of the multiple functions involved in cell Ca2+ regulation has the primary defect. Defects in cell Ca2+ metabolism may be significant for the observed pathologies in insulin secretion and insulin action in diabetes. They may also play an important role in the vascular complications seen in this condition, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and microangiopathy. Therefore, better understanding of the impairment in cell Ca2+ metabolism in diabetes may markedly enhance our understanding of this condition.
Long-term east-west asymmetry in monsoon rainfall on the Tibetan Plateau

Variations in the strength and duration of the Asian Monsoon affect more than half the population of the planet, and there is intense interest in where, and how much, rainfall amounts will change regionally in response to warmer climate conditions. The modern monsoon region is divided into distinct subsystems, so the response may be regionally heterogeneous. Northern Hemisphere monsoon systems intensified during the early to mid-Holocene, increasing summer rainfall and creating wetter conditions across much of eastern Asia. In this study we use the area encompassed by high shorelines of early Holocene paleolakes in Tibet to reconstruct paleorainfall (and hence paleomonsoon) patterns during this very wet period. We found that the early Holocene relative paleolake expansions of 130 closed-basin lake systems in the central Tibetan Plateau display a strong east-west gradient. Paleolake areas expanded by approximately fourfold in the western plateau, compared to approximately twofold expansion in the eastern region. This early Holocene pattern mirrors the modern west-east climate division on the plateau: rainfall in the west is closely tied to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) subsystem, and in the east is closely tied to a probable mix of ISM and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) subsystems. Our results suggest that these modern climate divisions are an enduring feature of the plateau and that ISM rainfall increased much more than EASM rainfall in response to the same insolation forcing.
Adsorbate Specificity in Hot Electron Driven Photochemistry on Catalytic Metal Surfaces

Visible light driven catalysis on metal surfaces and nanoparticles has attracted significant attention in recent years as a potential route for driving selective chemical reactions that are difficult to achieve with thermal energy. It is most often assumed that photochemistry on metal surfaces occurs through a substrate-mediated process of adsorbate-metal bond photoexcitation, although crucial underlying phenomena controlling the efficiency of this process are still poorly understood. In this work, substrate-mediated photochemistry on metal surfaces was analyzed by combining dynamical models associated with the metal substrate photoexcitation and electron-mediated bond-activation processes. An extended version of two-temperature model was utilized to treat temporal evolution of photoexcited charge carriers in the metal substrate. The electron-induced adsorbate dynamics on the metal surface was modeled using a nonadiabatic, first-principles based inelastic electron scattering model. Photoactivation of thre...
A politics of love? Antonio Negri on revolution and democracy

This article critically analyzes Antonio Negri's democratic theory by exploring the theoretical significance of a concept that begins to appear in his writings after the 1990s, namely the concept of ‘love’. Negri's turn to love in the closing pages of his most recent books is puzzling, especially given his earlier recourse to notions of antagonistic struggle, direct confrontation and even violence. Using Jacques Derrida's conception of ‘the supplement’ for interpretive purposes, I argue that the concept of love not only enriches Negri's account of democracy, but also points to a lack within his political thought. During the 1970s, as one of the leading figures of autonomist Marxism, Negri called for a radicalization of antagonism and the use of violence to ensure the political organization of the revolutionary subject without giving up on the emancipatory potential of ‘direct and immediate’ action. In his recent writings, Negri has supplemented the notion of ‘love’ for his earlier emphasis on antagonism to address autonomist Marxism's unresolved question of political organization. And yet, this turn to love comes at a price. Negri's understanding of love as the creative force of revolutionary consciousness leads him to erase the process of political contestation and mediation involved in the constitution of political struggles. Love, then, operates as a dangerous supplement, undermining Negri's commitment to multiplicity and diversity as central aspects of his democratic theory.
Survey on epidemiological characteristics and influening factors of overweight,obesity in adults in Jilin province

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of overweight and obesity in the adults in Jilin province in 2012,and to analyze the distribution and relevant influencing factors.Methods A total of 20 839adults,which were sampled through multistage stratified random cluster sampling method,were enrolled in the questionnaire survey and physical examination.After being weighted according to complex sampling scheme,the sample was used to describe the prevalence of overweight(24≤BMI28)and obesity(BMI≥28),and the distribution between groups as well as the influencing factors of overweight and obesity(BMI≥24)was analyzed through the corresponding statistical methods based on complex sampling design.Results The prevalence of overweight was 32.3%(male:34.3%,female:30.2%;city:32.9%,country:31.5%),and the prevalence of obesity was 14.6%(male:16.3%,female:12.8%;city:14.6%,country:14.6%).The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male were higher than that among female(P0.001),but there was no significant difference between areas(P0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the people who were male,45-55years old,married or divorced,other occupation,smoked,drinking,and carnivorous diet were more likely to have overweight;while the people who were smoking,plant-based diet,sleep more than 7 were not prone to have overweight(P0.05).Conclusion Compared with the data in 2010,the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adults in Jilin province in 2012is at a high level.The influencing factors of overweight and obesity include gender,age,marriage,occupation,smoking,drinking,diets and sleep.There need more publicity and education to prevent and control the occur of overweight and obesity.
Distributive Characteristics of Selenium for Environment-plant System in Longfeng Wetland of Daqing City

In order to understand the characteristics of selenium(Se) distribution for environment-plant system in the Longfeng wetland of Daqing City,soil,water and reed were collected in the spring of 2011.The content of Se was measured using hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry(HGAAS) and the relationship among the three samples was analyzed by statistical methods.Results show that the content of Se in soils was 129.63~142.18 μg/kg,the mean of water Se content was 3.87~7.02 μg/L,and the contents of Se for reed root,stem and leaf were 50.17,18.29 and 15.68 μg/kg,respectively.The results show that there was a significant positive correlation in content of Se between soil and reed.Reed enrichment in Se from the environment was weak,and thergfor was a non-enriched Se plant.
Recognition and management of autonomic dysreflexia in pediatric spinal cord injury.

Background: Autonomie dysreflexia (AD) is a well-documented complication of spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above the T6 Ievei. However, research into AD has focused primarily on the adult. Because ...
Three New Cultivars of Cornus kousa: Empire, Pam’s Mountain Bouquet, and Red Steeple

The genus Cornus contains 58 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs that are mostly distributed throughout the northern hemisphere (Xiang et al., 2006). Flowering dogwood (C. florida), kousa dogwood (C. kousa), and their interspecific hybrids are considered the most popular and economically significant members of the genus in the nursery and landscape industries. These deciduous trees are valued for their spring display of pink, red, or white bracts, brilliant-red fall foliage, and exfoliating bark. Retail and wholesale sales of dogwood in the United States account for over $30 million dollars annually with 73.1% of these sales coming from eight states [Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture–National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2010)]. Sales in Tenneessee account for 21.9% of total sales of deciduous flowering trees, making it an important crop for the state’s economy. Additionally, six counties in Tennessee produce substantial amounts of 1-year-old liners that are sold to out-of-state nurseries for finishing and resale. In nursery production, a liner refers to a small tree that is transplanted and allowed to become a larger tree for sale by wholesale or retail outlets. These liners ultimately supply 80% of the country’s dogwoods (Simmons, 2002). Large-bracted dogwoods are widely grown throughout midtemperate regions of eastern North America, both in the wild and as coveted ornamental trees in urban and suburban landscapes. Across this range, flowering dogwoods have been severely affected by dogwood anthracnose [Discula destructiva (Redlin, 1991)] and powdery mildew [Erysiphe pulchra (Li et al., 2009)]. Because of the importance of dogwoods to the U.S. agricultural economy, an improvement program was initiated over 20 years ago at the University of Tennessee to develop disease-resistant cultivars of dogwoods. These efforts have resulted in the release of the first flowering dogwood cultivar (Appalachian Spring) with resistance to dogwood anthracnose (Windham et al., 1998) and three powdery mildew resistant cultivars: Jean’s Appalachian Snow, Karen’s Appalachian Blush, and Kay’s Appalachian Mist (Windham et al., 2003). Cornus kousa is more tolerant to anthracnose and powdery mildew than C. florida (Holmes and Hibben, 1989; Ranney et al., 1995). Hybrids between these two species are generally more vigorous than typical plants of either parent species and have field resistance or tolerance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew (Ranney et al., 1995). There are over 100 named cultivars of C. kousa and many cultivars are the result of either selection of open-pollinated seedlings or spontaneous sports rather than systematic breeding (Cappiello and Shadow, 2005). The objective of this project was to evaluate 400 seedlings of C. kousa for disease resistance and horticultural traits such as color, degree of overlap, size of bracts, tree form, and bark and leaf characteristics. From these, three genotypes were selected for development and release.
An NFV Orchestration Framework for Interference-Free Policy Enforcement

Network functions virtualization is a new paradigm to offer flexibility of software network function processing on demand. Policy enforcement satisfies network function policies that requires flows to traverse through given sequences of network functions. We summarize three desired properties of virtual network function placement, namely policy enforcement, interference freedom, and resource isolation. However, none of existing solutions can satisfy all of them. In this paper, we present a novel SDN-based NFV orchestration framework, called APPLE, to enforce network function policies while providing the above properties. We present detailed design considerations and prototype implementation. We conduct experiments using representative network topologies, traffic matrices, and policy chains. The results from both prototype experiments and simulationsshow that APPLE is resource efficient and can quickly react to traffic changes.
The Beta-Ray Spectra of Li 8 and B 12

Cloud chamber measurements have been made on the beta-ray spectra of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}^{12}$. The use of strict criteria in the selection of tracks for measurement is thought to have reduced preference for tracks at one or the other end of the spectrum. Separate measurements near the upper limits give for both spectra upper limits by inspection of 12.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 Mev. Evidence is presented that the protons emitted during the formation of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$ have nearly zero energy. It is thus possible to determine the energy available in the radioactive disintegration of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$ into an electron, neutrino and two alpha-particles. Comparisons are made between the experimental ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$ spectrum and those predicted by using the K-U and Fermi theories in conjunction with the recently measured alpha-particle distributions. It is shown that the K-U theory demands a reaction energy 5 Mev greater than that which is available. An indication is given that the protons emitted during the formation of ${\mathrm{B}}^{12}$ have an energy of at least 1 Mev, while a proton energy of nearly zero is required if the K-U upper limit, 14.5 Mev, is correct.