cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eminent Domain and the International Market: An Examination of Whether Midstream Companies Can Justifiably Show Public Use

The energy industry in Pennsylvania has seen rapid expansion over the past several years. Advancements in technology allow natural gas producers to tap previously unreachable shale gas reserves, bringing an unprecedented supply of fossil fuel energy to market. However, this increased supply is bottlenecked by a lack of midstream capacity. Midstream companies, whose business model revolves around the transport of fossil fuels, have launched pipeline projects that will extend across the landscape of Pennsylvania with hopes of alleviating this bottleneck. These projects will transport growing energy resources to a number of destinations. Some of these resources will be destined for regional energy markets, while others will serve as exports to the international market by way of large gas tanker ships.Construction of these pipelines will require midstream companies to obtain hundreds, if not thousands, of rights of way agreements from Pennsylvania landowners. These rights of way will allow for the construction, operation, and maintenance of pipelines across those private properties. However, not all landowners support the expansion and construction of pipelines. Opponents of this new infrastructure will likely refuse to grant midstream companies a right of way across their land. In response, a midstream company may attempt to exercise its power of eminent domain, claiming the right to do so as a "public utility." The effectiveness of these eminent domain proceedings will likely rest on one question: whether the use of eminent domain for the construction of pipelines satisfies the "public use" requirement when the purpose of this pipeline construction is for the transportation of natural gas products to international markets, rather than to the markets within Pennsylvania. More specifically, is public use met when natural gas (NG) and natural gas liquids (NGLs) are transported to coastal ports that will serve as export stations?To resolve this question, this paper first examines the expansion of Pennsylvania's energy production and the planned expansion of pipeline infrastructure. Next, it turns to eminent domain. To fully understand the applicability of eminent domain, this paper examines the power held by the party initiating these proceedings and the requirement that a taking by eminent domain confers a public benefit. This paper then examines the issue of whether the construction of a pipeline intended to transport natural gas and natural gas products destined for international markets satisfies the public benefit requirement for eminent domain. Lastly, it concludes whether eminent domain is a valid tool by which to acquire the right to cross private lands with these pipelines.
Thrombolytics in acute pulmonary embolism complicated by refractory hypoxemia

www.Consultant360.com 576 Consultant august 2012 T he morbidity and mortality of acute pulmonary embolism remain high despite advances in imaging techniques for rapid and accurate diagnosis.1-3 Treatment options are limited and directed toward anticoagulation to prevent progression of an already-formed thrombus. Based on randomized controlled trials, the use of thrombolytics has been limited to a small patient population with cardiogenic shock and/or cardiopulmonary arrest.4 The purpose is to provide rapid resolution of pulmonary artery thrombus and return of normal hemodynamic parameters. The following case report describes the use of thrombolytics in a patient without hemodynamic instability but with persistent hypoxemia from massive bilateral pulmonary embolism.
Social VoD: A Social Feature-Based P2P System

Video-on-demand (VoD) service has been explosively growing since its first appearance. For maintaining an acceptable buffering delay, the bandwidth costs have become a huge burden for the service providers. Complementing the conventional client-server architecture with a peer-to-peer system(P2P) can significantly reduce the central server's bandwidth demands. However, the previous works focus on establishing a P2P overlay for each video, producing a high maintenance cost on users. Per-channel-based overlay construction was first introduced by Social Tube, which clusters the users subscribed to the same video channels into one P2P overlay. However, the current per-channel overlay structure is not suitable for users developing new watching preferences. Consider that a channel's subscribers tend to watch not only the videos from the channel, but also other videos from similar channels. In this paper, we propose a new overlay structure by exploring the existing social relations of users and the similarities of video channels. Our system creates a hierarchical overlay: subscribers of the same channel form the low-level overlay (also known as groups), and in high-level overlay, different groups are connected based on their similarities. The new structure has the small-world property, the existence of which has been found in most data-sharing patterns. Based on the new structure, we propose a routing algorithm for both channel subscribed and unsubscribed users. Extensive simulation results show the efficiency of our approach.
WIN 35,428

WIN 35,428, also known as CFT, is a cocaine analogue. It was first synthesized at Winthrop …
An Approach to UXO Discrimination Via Polarizability Curve‐Matching and Feature Extraction Applied to Polarizability Curves

Polarizability curves are means of representing data from a multi-transmitter, multi-receiver Berkeley Unexploded Ordnance discriminator (BUD) sensing system. The polarizability curves contain information about the geometry and electromagnetic properties of isolated targets in the BUD vicinity. The are many ways in which polarizability data can be processed and interpreted, resulting in a classification as UXO or non-UXO object for a given set of curves. We explore a process of feature extraction, together with pattern recognition applied to resultant feature-vectors. By examining training data from known object classes, we seek features which tend to cluster together for a given object class. This can be viewed as empirically estimating probability density functions on each feature. The minimum number of classes is two: UXO and non-UXO. However, in future we envision one class for each type of UXO present in a dataset, and possibly more than one class of scrap in the case where particular non-UXO objects are known to contaminate a site. The probability density function estimates obtained are used to partition the feature space into regions, which correspond to ‘high probability of being UXO’, and ‘high probability of being non-UXO’. These probabilities are greater than some predefined threshold α. In this way, bounded regions of the feature space can be identified using hyperplanes and a simple calculation on a given feature-vector will then determine the region in which the observation lies. Clearly, some feature-vectors will fall outside both regions. In this case we discuss some reasons why it is not immediately clear in which category the observation lies, and describe an auxiliary algorithm intended to treat this subset of observations.
Field Measurements of Selection for Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Resistance to Dicofol in Apple Orchards

Mortality of Tetranychus urticae Koch resistant or susceptible to dicofol was measured in apple trees to estimate the selective effect of dicofol applications on spider mite populations. Mortality of RR, RS, SS (female), Rand S (male) genotypes was measured in six field experiments. An average of 3.9 RR and 3.7 RS mites survived after treatment for every SS female; 3.4 R males survived for each Smale. Dicofol resistance was incompletely dominant under field conditions, in contrast with its recessive inheritance in laboratory bioassays. Concentration-response lines were constructed to compare responses of T. urticae to continuous and discontinuous dicofol residues. LC50’s were twofold higher (SS) or threefold higher (RS)on discontinuous residues than on continuous residues. Selection resulting from single dicofol applications is discussed in the context of ongoing efforts to establish appropriate acaricide rotations for control of T. urticae .
ISOLATED HEART AND COMBINED HEART-LIVER TRANSPLANT: WHAT HAPPENS TO CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND FONTAN PATIENTS IN THE U.S?

Adult congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with single ventricle/Fontan anatomy face many challenges including liver disease. The indication for combined heart-liver transplant (CHLT) and outcome in the Fontan population has not been reported; our goal was to determine CHLT transplant outcomes in
Effect of digital subtraction angiography on systolic peak flow velocity of bilateral middle cerebral artery

Objective To observe the changes of the systolic peak flow velocity(Vs) in the bilateral middle cerebral artery before and after digital subtraction angiography(DSA) in exploration of the effect of DSA on Vs.Methods With transcranial color Doppler(TCD) sonography,dynamic monitor was conducted on the changes of Vs in the bilateral middle cerebral artery on any time point.Results The Vs of the middle cerebral artery with and without injection were no statistical significance(P0.05).The different time point of Vs on the bilateral middle cerebral artery had fluctuation(P0.01).The Vs quickly decreased after injection(90.5±32.2) cm/s,and ascended to the summit point(112.2±37.8) cm/s,gradually descended,then recovered to the level before injection after scabbard plunked.The different time point of Vs of the middle cerebral artery without injection had no obvious changes before injection,but the Vs quickly ascended after injection(110.9±42.0) cm/s,began to descend after stabilization,then recovered to the level before injection after scabbard plunked.The difference in time and group had statistically interaction(P0.01),the variation trends were different.Conclusion Though DSA may effect the changes of Vs on the bilateral middle cerebral artery,still it has high security.
Hospitals must prepare for the paradigm shifts to managed care. Interview by Donald E. L. Johnson.

About one of every six Americans presently get their health care from a managed care organization. Choice, quality and cost containment can only be ensured through managed care, according to Philip M. Nudelman, president and chief executive officer of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound. Donald E.L. Johnson, publisher and editor of Health Care Strategic Management, discusses the various roles that hospitals and their administrations play in moving a health care organization into an integrated care organization during a period of state and federal health care reform.
The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City. By Lucas N. N. Burke and Judson L. Jeffries

The Portland Black Panthers: Empowering Albina and Remaking a City . By Lucas N. N. Burke and Judson L. Jeffries. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. vi + 283 pp. Illustrations, maps, bibliography, index. $22.50.) Until 1951, interracial marriage was illegal in the city of Portland, Oregon. Fair employment protections did not pass the state legislature until 1949, while public accommodations and fair housing were not legally guaranteed until 1953 and 1957 respectively. As one World War Two veteran who relocated there in 1960 recalled, “Living in Portland at that time was almost like living in Alabama…black folk had it rough in Portland (37).” It was in this oppressive atmosphere that the Portland Black Panther Party, the subject of this superb book, emerged to fight the poverty, inadequate health care, hostile policing, and undemocratic political system that plagued the city’s African American community. Long lost behind misrepresentations and stereotypes, the Panthers have fortunately been the focus of significant scholarly attention in recent years, allowing a fuller understanding of their complexity and … nbristow{at}ups.edu
Selection of a nonaqueous two-phase solvent system for fractionation of xylo-oligosaccharide prebiotics using a conductor-like screening model for real solvents

ABSTRACTFractionation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) using a liquid–liquid solvent system can be a difficult endeavor due to the high solubility of XOS in water. Use of a nonaqueous solvent system is a solution for XOS fractionation. XOS are gaining attention as a prebiotic food additive and are abundant in agricultural residues. We describe the use of a molecular modeling approach to determine which solvents and at what volume ratio to use for XOS fractionation. The conductor-like screening model for real solvents was used to predict the partition coefficients of xylose and two major functional XOS—xylobiose and xylotriose, based on the structure of the compounds and the composition of solvents in a panel of nonaqueous biphasic solvent systems. Eleven common solvents used in countercurrent chromatography were used to build 12 biphasic solvents model systems that were then evaluated and compared using shake flask experiments to determine which could fractionate the three XOS from a mixture. The model and ...
Induction of Robust Immune Responses in Swine by Using a Cocktail of Adenovirus-Vectored African Swine Fever Virus Antigens.

ABSTRACT The African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. Natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. Previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) could be the key to complete protection. Hence, generation of an efficacious subunit vaccine depends on identification of CTL targets along with a suitable delivery method that will elicit effector CTLs capable of eliminating ASFV-infected host cells and confer long-term protection. To this end, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an adenovirus-vectored ASFV (Ad-ASFV) multiantigen cocktail formulated in two different adjuvants and at two immunizing doses in swine. Immunization with the cocktail rapidly induced unprecedented ASFV antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses against all of the antigens. The robust antibody responses underwent rapid isotype switching within 1 week postpriming, steadily increased over a 2-month period, and underwent rapid recall upon boost. Importantly, the primed antibodies strongly recognized the parental ASFV (Georgia 2007/1) by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) assay and Western blotting. Significant antigen-specific gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) responses were detected postpriming and postboosting. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate induction of ASFV antigen-specific CTL responses in commercial swine using Ad-ASFV multiantigens. The relevance of the induced immune responses in regard to protection needs to be evaluated in a challenge study.
Intelligent Gate Drive for Fast Switching and Crosstalk Suppression of SiC Devices

This paper presents an intelligent gate drive for silicon carbide (SiC) devices to fully utilize their potential of high switching-speed capability in a phase-leg configuration. Based on the SiC device's intrinsic properties, a gate assist circuit consisting of two auxiliary transistors with two diodes is introduced to actively control gate voltages and gate loop impedances of both devices in a phase-leg configuration during different switching transients. Compared to conventional gate drives, the proposed circuit has the capability of accelerating the switching speed of the phase-leg power devices and suppressing the crosstalk to below device limits. Based on Wolfspeed 1200-V SiC MOSFETs, the test results demonstrate the effectiveness of this intelligent gate drive under varying operating conditions. More importantly, the proposed intelligent gate assist circuitry is embedded into a gate drive integrated circuit, offering a simple, compact, and reliable solution for end-users to maximize benefits of SiC devices in actual power electronics applications.
The Enforcement of Moral Boundaries Promotes Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior in Groups

The threat of free-riding makes the marshalling of cooperation from group members a fundamental challenge of social life. Where classical social science theory saw the enforcement of moral boundaries as a critical way by which group members regulate one another's self-interest and build cooperation, moral judgments have most often been studied as processes internal to individuals. Here we investigate how the interpersonal expression of positive and negative moral judgments encourages cooperation in groups and prosocial behavior between group members. In a laboratory experiment, groups whose members could make moral judgments achieved greater cooperation than groups with no capacity to sanction, levels comparable to those of groups featuring costly material sanctions. In addition, members of moral judgment groups subsequently showed more interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and generosity than all other groups. These findings extend prior work on peer enforcement, highlighting how the enforcement of moral boundaries offers an efficient solution to cooperation problems and promotes prosocial behavior between group members.
Crystallization kinetics of nitric acid dihydrate aerosols: Implications for polar stratospheric clouds

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the crystallization of binary 2:1 and 3:1 H20:HNO3 aerosols under stratospheric temperature conditions using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The main advantage of measuring the crystallization rate of an aerosol, rather than a bulk sample is the avoidance of the possibility for heterogeneous crystallization on a supporting substrate. Another difference between aerosol and bulk studies stems from differences in sample volume. The homogeneous crystallization rate of a sample is proportional to its volume. Previous studies on bulk samples have used volumes of >10-2 cm3, whereas a 1 micrometer diameter particle has a volume of ∼10-12 cm3. Therefore, the homogeneous crystallization rate of the aerosol sample is reduced by a factor of at least 1010 relative to bulk studies. The interfacial surface energy for nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) nucleation from a 2:1 H2O:HNO3 solution is much lower than the corresponding surface energy for nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), suggesting a possible role for NAD in type Ia polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation.
Patterns of care and predictors of adjuvant therapies in elderly patients with glioblastoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base.

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to characterize patterns of care and to identify predictors for adjuvant therapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma in the modern era. METHODS. The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients aged 70 years and older with glioblastoma diagnosed from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2012. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify predictors for receiving adjuvant therapy. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were analyzed using Cox regression models and the log-rank test. RESULTS In total, 14,886 patients were identified. Of these, 8214 patients (55.2%) received combined-modality therapy with chemotherapy and radiation (CRT), 3955 (26.6%) received no adjuvant therapy, 2065 (13.9%) received radiation therapy (RT) alone, and 652 (4.4%) received chemotherapy (CT) alone after undergoing resection. The receipt of CRT increased in frequency over the study interval, from 40.3% in 2004 to 59.8% in 2012. Younger patients (ages 70-75 years) were more likely to receive CRT than no adjuvant therapy (P < .0001 for all other age groups) or adjuvant RT alone (P < .0001 for all other age groups). Combined-modality therapy with adjuvant CRT produced improved survival outcomes, and the highest median overall survival was 9.2 months. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of elderly patients who had glioblastoma diagnosed from 2004 through 2012, a significant increase in the receipt of combined-modality therapy was observed. Combined-modality treatment produces improved survival outcomes and should be considered as adjuvant treatment for carefully selected elderly patients. Cancer 2017;123:3277-84. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Natural composites: The structure-function relationships of bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and the intervertebral disc

Naturally occurring biocomposites exist in abundance in tissues and organs with great diversity in the animal kingdom. From the incredible toughness of nacre in mollusks to the elegant functional hierarchy of bone, these biocomposites inspire design cues for new biomaterials and novel composite materials. These biocomposites also serve a multitude of functions including those involving mechanical, biological, and biochemical roles that are essential at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels. Using the multiscale mechanical behaviour of several skeletal tissues (bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and the intervertebral disc) as examples of the complex interactive mechanisms that span from the nano-molecular scales up to the macro-tissue scales, we provide an overview of the fundamental building blocks of biocomposites and their eventual roles in physiology. Understanding these features is essential for the recapitulation of function in engineered replacements and regenerative strategies.
Plasma Liner with an Intermediate Heavy Shell and Thermal Pressure Drive

One of the challenging problems of Magnetized Target Fusion is development of the ways of transporting energy to the target situated at a large-enough distance from the energy source: the distance should be such as to prevent damage to the permanent parts of the source. Several schemes have been considered in the past, including the use of particle beams coupled with the inverse diode, mechanical projectiles in combination with magneto-compressional generators, and the plasma liner. In this paper, a possible modification of the original concept of the plasma liner (Y.C.F. Thio, C.E. Knapp, R.C. Kirkpatrick, R.E. Siemon, P.J. Turchi. J. Fusion Energy, 20, 1, 2001) is described. The modification consists in creating a thin, higher density shell made of a high-Z plasma and accelerating it onto an MTF target by a thermal pressure of a hydrogen plasma with the temperature {approx}10 eV. We discuss constraints on the parameters of this system and evaluate convergence ratio that can be expected.
Rooting the Universals of Bioethics and Human Rights in Natural Law: An Islamic Response to “The Christian-Catholic Religious Perspective: Human Rights, Cultural Pluralism, and Bioethics” by Professor Laura Palazanni

This chapter considers how a natural law-based, common morality framework might be received within Sunni Islam, and thereby addresses Prof. Palazanni’s essay on Christian-Catholic perspectives on cultural pluralism and bioethics. Specifically, I critically examine the notions of moral norms being susceptible recognition by human reason alone and human rights emerging from shared humanity, through the lens of Sunni Islamic moral theology. The first part of the essay describes the tension between Islamic paradigms of moral normativity and rights and those common to universal bioethics and human rights theories, while the later portions introduce concepts germane to Islamic theology that can be used to further dialogues aimed at generating a minimalist consensus around shared ethical values for practical policy ends.
Association of Rare Predicted Loss-of-Function Variants in Cellular Pathways with Sub-Phenotypes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose To investigate the association of rare predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) variants within age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk loci and AMD sub-phenotypes. Design Case-control study. Participants Participants of AREDS, AREDS2, and Michigan Genomics Initiative. Methods Whole genome sequencing data were analyzed for rare pLoF variants (frequency Main Outcome Measures Differences in rare pLoF variant pathway burden and association of rare pLoF variant pathways with sub-phenotypes within the population with AMD were evaluated. Results Rare pLoF variants were found in 298 of 1689 cases (17.6%) and 237 of 1518 controls (15.6%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91–1.36; P = 0.310). An enrichment of rare pLoF variants in the complement pathway in cases versus controls (OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.49–5.79; P = 0.002) was observed. Within cases, associations between all rare pLoF variants and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04–1.73; P = 0.023), calcified drusen (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04–1.72; P = 0.025), higher scores on the AREDS Extended AMD Severity Scale (Standardized Coefficient Beta (β)=0.346 [0.086–0.605], P = 0.009), and progression to advanced disease (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01–1.55; P = 0.042) were observed. At the pathway level, there were associations between the complement pathway and geographic atrophy (GA) (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.12–4.24; P = 0.023), the complement pathway and calcified drusen (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.79–7.86; P P = 0.035). Conclusions Rare pLoF variants are associated with disease progression. Variants in the complement pathway modify the clinical course of AMD and increase the risk of developing specific sub-phenotypes.
Organizing resilience as adaptive-transformational tensions

In organizational communication, resilience encompasses the processes by which individuals and organizations reintegrate and foster productive change during and after career setbacks, material and ...
Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin K2: Implications for bone health.

Objective In women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, vitamin K2 appears to decrease the incidence of hip, vertebral, and non-vertebral fractures. Women with postmenopausal osteoporosis have more circulating activated T cells compared with healthy postmenopausal and premenopausal women, but the effects of vitamin K2 on T cells have not been studied. In this study, we have looked at T-cell suppression by vitamin K2. Materials and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three healthy donors were used. The PBMCs were stimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and T-cell proliferation was analyzed using flow cytometry based on carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CSFE) dye dilution. Results Vitamin K2 (60 and 100 μM) inhibited T-cell proliferation. Vitamin K1 at the same concentrations did not inhibit T-cell proliferation. Conclusion Vitamin K2 has immunomodulatory activities.
HTLV-1 induced molecular mimicry in neurological disease.

As amodel for molecular mimicry, we study patients infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) who develop a neurological disease called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a disease with important biological similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS) (Khan et al. 2001; Levin et al. 1998, 2002a; Levin and Jacobson 1997). The study of HAM/TSP, a disease associated with a known environmental agent (HTLV-1), allows for the direct comparison of the infecting agent with host antigens. Neurological disease in HAM/TSP patients is associated with immune responses to HTLV-1-tax (a regulatory and immunodominant protein) and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*0101 (Bangham 2000; Jacobson et al. 1990; Jeffery et al. 1999; Lal 1996). Recently, we showed that HAM/TSP patients make antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein A1 (hnRNP A1), a neuron-specific autoantigen (Levin et al. 2002a).Monoclonal antibodies to tax cross-reacted with hnRNP A1, indicating molecular mimicry between the two proteins. Infusion of cross-reactive antibodies with an ex vivo system completely inhibited neuronal firing indicative of their pathogenic nature (Kalume et al. 2004; Levin et al. 2002a). These data demonstrate a clear link between chronic viral infection and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans and, we believe, in turn will give insight into the pathogenesis of MS.
AN INFORMATION MATRIX PRIOR FOR BAYESIAN ANALYSIS IN GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS WITH HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA

An important challenge in analyzing high dimensional data in regression settings is that of facing a situation in which the number of covariates p in the model greatly exceeds the sample size n (sometimes termed the "p > n" problem). In this article, we develop a novel specification for a general class of prior distributions, called Information Matrix (IM) priors, for high-dimensional generalized linear models. The priors are first developed for settings in which p n case by defining a ridge parameter in the prior construction, leading to the Information Matrix Ridge (IMR) prior. The IM and IMR priors are based on a broad generalization of Zellner's g-prior for Gaussian linear models. Various theoretical properties of the prior and implied posterior are derived including existence of the prior and posterior moment generating functions, tail behavior, as well as connections to Gaussian priors and Jeffreys' prior. Several simulation studies and an application to a nucleosomal positioning data set demonstrate its advantages over Gaussian, as well as g-priors, in high dimensional settings.
Turning distractors into targets increases the congruency sequence effect.

Abstract The congruency effect in distractor-interference tasks is typically smaller after incongruent trials than after congruent trials. Current views posit that this congruency sequence effect (CSE) reflects control processes that come into play when an irrelevant distractor cues a different response than a relevant target. However, the CSE is counterintuitively larger in the prime-probe task when the prime is occasionally a second target than when the prime is more frequently a distractor. In the present study, we investigated whether this effect occurs because the appearance of an occasional prime target (a) constitutes a rare, unexpected event that triggers heightened control or (b) allows participants to use the same task set (i.e., stimulus-response mapping) for the prime and probe in each trial. Consistent with the latter hypothesis, we observed this effect in Experiment 1 even when the critical trial types appeared equally often. Further, in Experiment 2, we extended this finding while ruling out perceptual differences between conditions as an alternative account. These findings provide novel support for the task set hypothesis and reveal that the CSE reflects control processes that do more than minimize distraction from irrelevant stimuli.
Some extensions of theorems of Knörrer and Herzog–Popescu

Abstract A construction due to Knorrer shows that if N is a maximal Cohen–Macaulay module over a hypersurface defined by f + y 2 , then the first syzygy of N / y N decomposes as the direct sum of N and its own first syzygy. This was extended by Herzog–Popescu to hypersurfaces f + y n , replacing N / y N by N / y n − 1 N . We show, in the same setting as Herzog–Popescu, that the first syzygy of N / y k N is always an extension of N by its first syzygy, and moreover that this extension has useful approximation properties. We give two applications. First, we construct a ring Λ over which every finitely generated module has an eventually 2-periodic projective resolution, prompting us to call it a “non-commutative hypersurface ring”. Second, we give upper bounds on the dimension of the stable module category (a.k.a. the singularity category) of a hypersurface defined by a polynomial of the form x 1 a 1 + … + x d a d .
Descriptive Statistics and Univariate Analysis

Results from an experiment will create numerous data points. The organization and summary of these data are termed descriptive statistics. This chapter presents the various ways to report descriptive statistics as numerical text and/or graphics. For qualitative (categorical) data, the use of tables, pie charts, and bar charts are the most appropriate ways to summarize the information. With quantitative (measurable) data, the researcher is interested in reporting both the center of the samples and the dispersion of data points around that center. Histograms, dot plots, and box-and-whisker plots are appropriate graphics for quantitative data. These descriptive statistics provide the information to be used for the inferential statistics discussed in later chapters. A univariate statistics involves the analysis of a single variable, whereas a multivariate statistic evaluates the differences, relationships, or equivalence for a dependent variable based on levels of an associated independent variable in the study design.
Abstract P4-12-03: Patterns of progression in metastatic breast cancer: Does oligoprogression exist?

Background: While most patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) experience widespread disease progression on systemic therapy (ST), some have more limited progression, termed oligoprogression (OP). Patients with OP may benefit from local ablative therapies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)/stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), in order to avoid changing to the next line of ST. Here, we aim to evaluate patterns of progression in patients with MBC by breast cancer subtype (hormone-receptor positive/HER2- [HR+/HER2-], HER2+, and tripe-negative [TN]) to determine if and how often OP occurs. We hypothesize that OP does occur, and that it is more likely to occur in the HR+/HER2- and HER2+ BC subtypes compared to the TN subtype. Materials/Methods: We identified patients seen at our breast center from 1/2013-12/2017 with an associated ICD9/ICD10 code for metastases. We excluded patients that: did not have MBC; did not receive at least part of their treatment course for MBC at our institution; did not have imaging available for review. For the remaining cases, we reviewed each point at which a change in management was made to determine if OP of diffuse progression (DP) occurred. We defined OP as progression of disease in 1-4 lesions, with the exception of brain metastases, in which up to 10 lesions were allowed (provided patients received SRS and not whole brain radiation therapy). Findings such as malignant effusions, ascites, leptomeningeal disease, and lymphangitic/peritoneal carcinomatosis were scored as DP, regardless of the stability of other lesions. In addition, we collected demographic, tumor and treatment information. We set to determine the overall rate of OP and to compare the rate of OP amongst the HR+/HER2-, HER2+, and TN subtypes using a chi-square test. We also set to compare the overall survival in patients with OP vs. DP using the Kaplan-Meier method. A p-value 4 metastases (84%). The median lines of ST for all patients was 3 (IQR=1-4). The crude rate of OP was 30% (N=306) and was highest amongst the HER2+ subtype (46.5%, 87/187) followed by HR+/HER2- (27.5%, 178/647) and TN (22.4%, 41/183), p 20% and the majority have disease potentially amenable to SBRT/SRS. These data serve to inform and support the development of prospective clinical trials evaluating the role of SBRT/SRS for oligoprogressive MBC. Citation Format: Jose G Bazan, Amber Holbrook, Sachin Jhawar, Julia R White. Patterns of progression in metastatic breast cancer: Does oligoprogression exist? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-03.
Identifying ED patients with previous abnormal HIV or hepatitis C test results who may require additional services.

Abstract Objectives Routine emergency department (ED) HIV or HCV screening may inadvertently capture patients already diagnosed but does not specifically prioritize identification of this group. Our objective was to preliminarily estimate the volume of this distinct group in our ED population through a pilot electronic health record (EHR) build that identified all patients with indications of HIV or HCV in their EHR at time of ED presentation. Methods Cross-sectional study of an urban, academic ED's HIV/HCV program for previously diagnosed patients August 2017–July 2018. Prevention program staff, alerted by the EHR, reviewed records and interviewed patients to determine if confirmatory testing or linkage to care was needed. Primary outcome was total proportion of ED patients for whom the EHR generated an alert. Secondary outcome was the proportion of patients assessed by program staff who required confirmatory testing or linkage to HIV/HCV medical care. Results There were 65,374 ED encounters with 5238 (8.0%, 95% CI: 7.8%–8.2%) EHR alerts. Of these, 3741 were assessed by program staff, with 798 (21%, 95% CI: 20%–23%) requiring HIV/HCV confirmatory testing or linkage to care services, 163 (20%) for HIV, 551 (69%) for HCV, and 84 (11%) for both HIV and HCV services. Conclusions Patients with existing indication of HIV or HCV infection in need of confirmatory testing or linkage to care were common in this ED. EDs should prioritize identifying this population, outside of routine screening, and intervene similarly regardless of whether the patient is newly or previously diagnosed.
Supporting Metacognitive Learning Strategies Through an Adaptive Application.

With constant technological advances, there are new and evolving methods for assisting learners master content. This paper conceptualizes how an adaptive application could deliver metacognitive prompts within an online learning environment to help learners achieve their goals, shift mindsets about learning, and develop motivation to learn. The nature of the adaptive application will be described and literature on the methods for delivery and metacognitive topics reviewed. Combining adaptive technology with metacognitive learning strategies could provide a level of learning support not yet realized in current online learning environments. This paper proposes that this style of prompt-based adaptive application delivering carefully crafted metacognitive prompts on goals, mindsets, and motivation could help foster better learning habits and outcomes.
A Comprehensive Monetary Analysis of Inpatient Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties Billed to Medicare by Hospitals: 2011-2017.

Abstract Background Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has been a recent target of reimbursement reform. As such, the purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in Medicare reimbursement to hospitals for TJA patients from 2011 to 2017. Methods The Inpatient Utilization and Payment Public Use File was queried for all primary total hip and knee arthroplasty episodes. This file includes all services billed to Medicare via the Inpatient Prospective Payment System. Extracted data included hospital charges and amount paid by Medicare. All data were adjusted for inflation to 2017 US dollars. Multiple linear mixed-model regression analyses were conducted to assess change over time, and geo-modelling was used to represent reimbursement by location. Results A total of 3,368,924 primary TJA procedures were billed to Medicare by hospitals from 2011 to 2017 and included in the study. The mean inflation-adjusted Medicare payment to hospitals for DRG 469 decreased from $22,783.66 to $19,604.62 per procedure (−$3179.04; −14.0%; P Conclusion During the study period, the mean Medicare reimbursement to hospitals decreased for TJA from 2011 to 2017. Meanwhile, the average charge submitted by hospitals increased. As alternative payment models continue to undergo evaluation and development, these data are important for the advancement of more agreeable reimbursement models in arthroplasty care.
Multicomponent pyrochlore solid solutions with uranium incorporation – A new perspective of materials design for nuclear applications

Abstract Multicomponent pyrochlore solid solutions with and without uranium incorporation were fabricated and their thermal-mechanical properties were characterized. Multicomponent pyrochlore solid solutions without uranium exhibit comparable thermal conductivity and higher mechanical strength compared to baseline single component rare-earth titanate pyrochlore (A2Ti2O7). Uranium incorporation reduces hardness as compared with single component compositions. High entropy pyrochlore with uranium displays the highest thermal conductivity within multicomponent pyrochlore solid solutions with significantly better mechanical properties than UO2. The measured thermal conductivity correlates well with A-site cation mixing entropy and a modified size disorder parameter, and thus the size disorder and mixing entropy could be good indicators for predicting thermal conductivity of multicomponent pyrochlore solid solutions. This work opens up the possibility of designing multicomponent oxide solid solutions by controlling their chemical disorder/mixing entropy to achieve acceptable thermal-mechanical properties, desired radiation and corrosion performance for potential nuclear waste form and inert matrix fuel applications.
Spontaneous awakening trials in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 and how increased compliance impacts clinical outcomes

Introduction: Daily spontaneous awakening trials (SAT) have been associated with decreased ventilator and ICU days We evaluated the compliance with SATs in COVID positive patients using electronic health record data and whether increasing SAT performance was associated with mortality, length of stay (LOS) and ventilator-free-days (VFDs). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed mechanically ventilated (MV) COVID positive patients admitted to the ICU from March 10, 2020 to May 21, 2020. Using an EHR-based performance measure for SAT, we excluded patients whom daily SAT was contra-indicated by admission primary ICD-10 codes: status epilepticus, increased intra-cranial pressure, alcoholic withdrawal. Eligibility for SAT for each day on MV was defined as absence of acidosis with pH =0 or had a time period in which no continuous sedating medication were administered. A performance measure for SAT was defined as the percentage of eligible MV days in which SAT was done. Multivariate linear regression was used, adjusting for age, gender, race, and APACHE score and transforming length of stay to satisfy normality assumption. Results: 626 COVID positive patients including 552 on MV were admitted to the ICU during the target time period. Of these, 487 (88%) had at least one ICU day where they met eligibility for SAT. The in-hospital mortality of this cohort was 60.4% (n= 294, Table 1). SAT was performed on 66.7% (IQR 42.9%,100%) of eligible MV days with 5.1% of patients having no SATs done and 34.3% of patients receiving SAT on all eligible days, meaning they reached 100% SAT performance. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that while 100% SAT performance was not significantly associated with mortality (OR 1.06 95% CI (0.71,1.62)), it was associated with shorter hospital LOS and ICU LOS (Hospital LOS coefficient-0.37, 95% CI (-0.51,-0.24) and ICU LOS coefficient-0.74, 95% CI (-0.87,-0.61)) and greater number of ventilator-free days (coefficient 5.36, 95% CI (2.01,8.71)). Conclusion: Improving compliance with SAT on intubated COVID patients may decrease ICU length of stay which has implications for post-COVID recovery as well as resource optimization. We were limited by incomplete documentation during overwhelming COVID surge and likely underpowered to detect significant associations for the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality.
I said, they said: The ethnographic backstage and the politics of producing engaged anthropology

Two commonly articulated goals of engaged anthropology include: 1) creating equal power relations with research participants; and 2) producing scholarship that critiques inequality. Though these se...
Rapid muscle activation changes across a competitive collegiate female soccer season.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a competitive soccer season on rapid activation properties of the knee extensors and flexors in Division II female soccer players. METHODS Eighteen collegiate female soccer players participated in the present study, however, due to injuries during the season a final sample of 16 players were included for study analysis. Participants performed two maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the knee extensors and flexors before, during, and at the end of a competitive college soccer season. Electromyography root mean square (EMG RMS; μV), rate of EMG rise (RER; %Peak EMG•s-1), and electromechanical delay (EMD; ms) were examined on both legs for the knee extensors and flexors. RESULTS EMG RMS at early time intervals (0-50, 0-100, and 50-100 ms) and RER at 0-75 ms for the knee extensors and flexors significantly increased from the pre-season to the end of the season (P≤0.010-0.026, η2=0.36-0.81). EMD of the knee flexors significantly decreased at the mid-season and the end of the season compared to the pre-season (P<0.001, η2=0.95). CONCLUSIONS These findings may have important implications for monitoring improvements on thigh neuromuscular activation and developing lower extremity injury prevention strategies during a competitive collegiate female soccer season.
Promoting Students’ Progress-Monitoring Behavior during Block-Based Programming

Providing students with adaptive feedback on their progress on programming problems has been shown to motivate students and improve their performance, but little is known about how such feedback might impact student self-regulated learning during programming. Self-regulated learning (SRL) involves student planning a task, monitoring their progress, and reflecting on the outcome. We explored students’ SRL behaviors, particularly progress monitoring, when programming using each of three different scaffolds. The first scaffold is a subgoal checklist for the given programming task, the second adds automated, binary completion feedback on each subgoal, and the third adaptively reflects an automated percent progress estimate of student progress on each. Through interviews and programming logs from 17 students solving a problem in a block-based programming environment, we investigated the extent to which each scaffold supported student SRL. Our qualitative study results suggest that all three scaffolds could be useful for student SRL, but students felt that a combination of the checklist and progress feedback provided them with a balance of autonomy and motivation to persevere in programming. Furthermore, our results suggest that explaining how the automated feedback system works may have encouraged students to reason about the feedback they receive, which was a key intended outcome to improve SRL during programming.
Philosophy of Technology

I have elsewhere argued that contemporary philosophy of technology has arisen and grown out of the ‘ praxis ’ traditions, particularly those of a concretist orientation, and thus stand in contrast to the earlier, dominant strands of a theoretically biased philosophy of science. And, even if much contemporary philosophy of science has been late to arrive at such praxis phenomena as experiment, instrumentation and technologization, in science, it, too, has begun to take a similar direction. This has some implication for the role of the philosopher of technology or of technoscience as current coin would have it.
Optimization of a source-side-injection FAMOS cell for flash EPROM applications

A 0.6- mu m FAMOS cell structure, which features a lightly doped source region to achieve enhanced source-side-injection for channel hot electron programming, is presented. The use of the source-side-injection mechanism for EPROM programming has been previously proposed, but this work is the first time that a source-side-injection cell with a lightly doped source region has been fabricated and evaluated. The impact of the source dopant concentration and the depth of this non-overlapped LDD (lightly doped drain) region on cell programming performance has been characterized and optimized. The optimized cells exhibit excellent programmability for drain voltage down to 3.3 V. Studies of reliability issues and write/erase endurance results indicate that this cell is a viable candidate for 5-V, or 3.3-V, high-density flash EPROM applications. >