cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive roll printing activated cold welding of 2D crystals and 1D nanowires layers for flexible transparent conductor and planer energy storage

Abstract Large scale integration of 2D crystals and metal nanowires (NWs) with low junction resistance has been a long time challenge for functional structures. Herein, roll to roll printing technique was utilized to directly produce graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets stack laminated with metal NWs. This 2D/1D laminated structure activates high pressure between AgNWs, enables localized fusion, and opens a new way to tackle with local nanojunction resistance. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal that this cold nanojoining originates from high localized pressure activated isolated metal atoms, which possess high mobility, flow over nanojunction and recrystallize to form nanojoints. Compared with bare AgNWs network, the GO laminated counterparts achieve excellent performance ( 17 Ω / sq , 93 % @ λ = 550 nm ), which enlightens optoelectronics applications. The cross nanowire junction resistance decrease is verified by classical percolation theory and experimental characterizations. Haze measurements show that the scattering is significantly reduced. Laminated structure has been engineered layer by layer to accomplish quasi-3D hybrid film, which demonstrated application in flexible supercapacitors with high specific capacitance of 109 F g −1 . This hybrid 2D/1D nanomaterial thin film also demonstrated excellent stability during cyclic foldability, stretchability, high temperature and oxidation tests. These investigations provide insight for layered manufacturing of 2D crystals/1D NWs structure and quasi-3D hybrid film for energy storage applications.
Research on Technology Scheme of DC Distributed Power System in Smart Buildings

In order to solve the access problem of data center,distribution power supply and DC electrical power load,the paper studies on the DC power supply system of intelligent building.Firstly,according to the requirements of power supply intelligent buildings,the paper presents the double ring closed-loop DC distribution system architecture.Then,the protection configuration scheme of the system architecture is formulated,and the main protection equipment optimization selection is achieved.Finally,considering of the cost of investment and transmission efficiency,the economic efficiency of DC power distribution mode analyzed.The result shows that the proposed implementation of the DC power distribution can reduces the loss,improve the economic benefits and meet the demand of the intelligent building.
New advances on damage evaluation technology for drilling and completion fluids in horizontal wells.

The researchers home and abroad always looked for damage evaluation technologies for horizontal reservoirs due to no sufficient considerations on the singularity of formation when evaluated by conventional experimental apparatus. The researchers abroad developed special core holders for the horizontal well to determined formation damage such as the experimental apparatus for simulating radial flow of the horizontal well and the triaxial multiple cores holder for determining damage suffered from the top, lateral and bottom of the horizontal well. Except for the dynamic damage evaluation system exposed to HTHP as well as the long core evaluation system, the experts home also developed a multifunctional damage evaluation system which gave a full consideration on the effects of nonisotropy, time and drilling rigs eccentricity on the damage caused by drilling in the horizontal well so that the damage process and mechanism of the horizontal reservoir were understood better.
Application of Box-wave Technique in Interference Wave luvestigation

A baaical principles of box-wave technique and its advantages compared with the method of interference wave investigation with linear receiving are described. As seen by the plan of the interference wave investigation, the wave property, the analysis of combined compression result and analysis of elevation difference testing result made in Junggar Basin, the quality of field data collected with the method is improved evidently.
Denileukin Diftitox (Ontak™) Therapy for Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis.

Abstract Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various tissues. Patients (pts) with SM are empirically treated with recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-α) or cladribine when cytoreduction is required. However, treatment with these agents has been associated with poor response rates, poor tolerance, and/or short response duration, and the prognosis of pts with SM is unchanged. This underscores the urgent need of new therapeutic approaches. Atypical expression of CD25 (the alpha-subunit of the interleukin-2 [IL-2] receptor), on the membrane of neoplastic mast cells represents an attractive therapeutic target. Denileukin diftitox (Ontak™) is an engineered fusion protein containing the active domain of the diphtheria toxin and the full-length sequence of IL-2, thus targeting IL-2 receptor-expressing cells. Upon internalization, protein synthesis is inhibited and cytotoxicity ensues. We designed a pilot trial for SM pts that either had aggressive form, or indolent form with uncontrolled symptoms despite supportive care measures, in which Ontak™ was initially administered at 9 ∝g/kg/day intravenously on days 1 through 5 every 21 days. This dose was increased after 3 cycles to 18 ∝g/kg/day in pts with no response and no significant toxicity. Therapy was discontinued in pts who showed no response after 6 cycles. Response was evaluated following guidelines proposed by Valent et al. (Leuk Res. 25;603–625, 2001). Thus far, a total of 7 symptomatic pts have been treated, 5 with aggressive and 2 with indolent SM. Median age was 58 years (range, 41 to 65), time from diagnosis to Ontak™ therapy 64 mo (range, 1 to 158), Hb 11.8 gr/dL (range, 9.2 to 13), WBC 7.9 ×109/L, (range, 2.5 to 16.9), platelet count 275 ×109/L (range, 54 to 759), eosinophil 2.3% (range, 0% to 6.1%). Five patients were previously treated with imatinib mesylate and one with cladribine; one pt had not received any prior therapies. One pt, who had undergone splenectomy, had hepatomegaly and 1 other had splenomegaly prior to start of Ontak™ therapy. In all patients malignant mast cells expressed CD25. A total of 33 cycles were administered. The median number of cycles was 5.5 (range 3 to 6). No significant responses have been observed among 7 pts treated. No significant difference was found between pre- and post- Ontak™ therapy in the percentage of bone marrow mast cells, and only one patient had decreased serum tryptase level at the end of the therapy (by 33%). No responses in C-findings were noted in patients with aggressive disease. However, symptoms related to SM improved in 3 patients and were eliminated in one. Therapy with Ontak™ was well tolerated with all toxicities being grade 1–2, without any grade 3–4. In summary, therapy with Ontak™ is very well tolerated but has no appreciable activity in pts with SM at the dose and schedule used in this study.
Consumer preferences for organic production methods and origin promotions on ornamental plants: evidence from eye-tracking experiments

The strategic value of organic production and origin promotions may vary based on product end-use. Conjoint analysis and eye-tracking technology were used to investigate consumers’ purchase likelihood (PL) and visual search behavior for esthetic and food-producing ornamental plants. Organic production methods, in-state, and domestic origins positively impacted participants’ PL. Respondents’ visual attention to the organic production attribute had a strong positive effect on PL for food-producing plants as did sociodemographic variables. Findings imply that producers and retailers could successfully implement signage emphasizing organic production methods and origin designations to generate consumer interest.
Power and perspective-taking: A critical examination

Abstract The current analysis examines the relationship between power and perspective-taking. We review the literature and note four findings. First, multiple theories predict that power decreases perspective-taking. Second, consistent with these theories, numerous labs have found that power reduces perspective-taking and a concern for others. Third, we note one lab found contradictory results where power increased perspective-taking. Fourth, subsequent theoretical perspectives have proposed a moderated effect of power on perspective-taking—power increases perspective-taking when the powerful experience a sense of responsibility for others—that has been supported by many research labs. We also discuss why the Many Labs 3 (ML3) did not replicate an effect of power on perspective-taking using the sarcasm-interpretation paradigm (Keysar, 1994). Although it is possible that power does not produce a reliable effect in this particular paradigm, another potential explanation is that the ML3 set-up, where ten experiments and ten individual difference measures were completed in 30 minutes, may have limited participants' depth of information processing, which is crucial in this paradigm. An examination of the ML3 means compared to the original means offers support for this possibility. We call for future research to explore when power does and does not increase a focus on others.
The Downside of Fat: Avoiding and Treating Complications.

Three-dimensional facial volume restoration using fat has become widely accepted as an essential component of facial rejuvenation. Transplanted fat has benefits due to its inherently nonallergenic nature. The versatility of fat grafts allows for their use in all types of facial enhancement—improving the appearance of nasolabial folds, mesolabial grooves, flattened cheeks and upper lips, glabellar furrows, lipoatrophy, acne scars, and temporal hollowing. Yet despite its virtues as the ideal filler, autologous fat has its shortcomings with risks of complications. Our objective in this article is to present a systematic approach demonstrating the complications that can occur with each step of autologous fat grafting in facial rejuvenation and offering pearls to avoid and treat these complications.
The Emergence of Pan-Cancer CIMP and Its Elusive Interpretation

Epigenetic dysregulation is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In the last 16 years, a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) has been documented in tumors originating from different tissues. However, a looming question in the field is whether or not CIMP is a pan-cancer phenomenon or a tissue-specific event. Here, we give a synopsis of the history of CIMP and describe the pattern of DNA methylation that defines the CIMP phenotype in different cancer types. We highlight new conceptual approaches of classifying tumors based on CIMP in a cancer type-agnostic way that reveal the presence of distinct CIMP tumors in a multitude of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, suggesting that this phenotype may transcend tissue-type specificity. Lastly, we show evidence supporting the clinical relevance of CIMP-positive tumors and suggest that a common CIMP etiology may define new mechanistic targets in cancer treatment.
Rivaroxaban Has Protective Effects in a Model of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Rats.

Abstract Introduction: DIC is a complication that occurs during serious infection with Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin is a component of the bacterial cell wall that elicits a cytokine-mediated cascade of tissue factor-dependent hypercoagulable reactions. The resulting hypercoagulable state may be inhibited by potent anticoagulation. Rivaroxaban is an oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in advanced clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of rivaroxaban in a rat model of endotoxin-induced DIC. Methods: Rivaroxaban (0.1–10 mg/kg p.o.) or vehicle control (PEG400/H2O 60/40%, 5 mL/kg p.o.) were administered 30 minutes before endotoxin injection (lipopolysaccharide O55 B5 [LPS], 250 μg/kg i.v.) to conscious rats. Blood samples were withdrawn from anesthetized animals by heart puncture 4 hours after LPS injection and fibrinogen, platelet count, thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex levels and IL-6 were measured. Results: The induction of DIC was indicated in the placebo + LPS group vs vehicle control by decreased fibrinogen (2.12±0.08 vs 2.69±0.10 g/L) and platelet count (571±28 vs 904±30×109/L) an increase in TAT (75±9 vs 2±1 μg/L) and IL-6 (8.6±1.23 μg/L vs 0.028±0.020 μg/L). Pretreatment with rivaroxaban (0.1–10 mg/kg p.o.) dose-dependently ameliorated the effects of LPS on fibrinogen, platelets and TAT. Rivaroxaban 10 mg/kg p.o. normalized fibrinogen (2.58±0.07 g/L) and TAT (5.6±1.2 μg/L) and increased platelet count (703±19×109/L) (Table). Rivaroxaban also slightly reduced the plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) (4.24±0.67 μg/L). Conclusions: These results show that direct, selective inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban effectively normalized the hypercoagulable reactions of endotoxemia with a slight modulating effect on the generation of pro-inflammatory active cytokines, such as IL-6, in the rat DIC model. Further research into the use of rivaroxaban in the management of DIC is therefore warranted. Effects of rivaroxaban in an endotoxin-induced DIC model in rats 4 hours after LPS injection. Results show mean ± SEM. Vehicle control Placebo + LPS Rivaroxaban 1 mg/kg + LPS Rivaroxaban 10 mg/kg + LPS Fibrinogen (g/L) 2.69±0.10 n=5 2.12±0.08## n=14 2.41±0.09 n=14 2.58± 0.07** n=7 Platelets (×109/l) 904±30 n=5 571±28### n=8 655±23 n=6 703±19* n=7 TAT (μg/L) 1.8±0.8 n=5 75.2±9.4### n=14 65.3±8.0 n=14 5.6±1.2*** n=7 IL-6 (μg/ml) 0.028±0.020 n=5 8.60±1.23### n=6 5.01±0.47 n=6 4.24±0.67 n=7 DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; IL-6, interleukin-6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide O55 B5; SEM, standard error of the mean; TAT, thrombin-antithrombin ## p
Impact of homelessness and unstable housing on adolescent health

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe service utilization and associated costs of a statewide, Medicaid-insured population of homeless adolescents (HA). This was a secondary data analysis of statewide individual service-level data. The total costs for this sample (n=5259) was $84,077,009 over the study period. Mental health related services accounted for 40% of all costs. A small subpopulation (n=65) of the sample accounted for 28% of the total costs, all of which had mental health related services. In order to reduce costs and improve health outcomes, there is a need to expand mental health services for HA.
Force-Rate Cues Reduce Object Deformation Necessary to Discriminate Compliances Harder than the Skin

Grasping and manipulating an object requires us to perceive its material compliance. Compliance is thought to be encoded by relationships of force, displacement, and contact area at the finger pad. Prior work suggests that objects must be sufficiently deformed to become discriminable, but the utility of time-dependent cues has not been fully explored. The studies herein find that the availability of force-rate cues improve compliance discriminability so as to require less deformation of stimulus and finger pad. In particular, we tested the impact of controlling force-rate and displacement-rate cues in passive touch psychophysical experiments. An ink-based method to mark the finger pad was used to measure contact area per stimulus, simultaneously with displacement and force. Compliances spanned a range harder and softer than the finger pad. The results indicated harder compliances were discriminable at lower peak forces when the stimulus control mode was displacement-rate (0.5 N) compared to force-rate (1.3 N). That is, when displacement-rate was controlled to be equal between the two compliances, the resultant force-rate psychophysical cues could be more readily discriminated. In extending prior studies, while some magnitude of finger pad deformation may be sufficient for discriminability, temporal cues tied to force afford more efficient judgments.
DYNAMICS OF EXCITED STATES OF TWO IDENTICAL ATOMS INTERACTING WITH STRONG LASER FIELDS

Dynamic effects occurring in the excited states of two identical atoms in the presence of a strong laser field have been considered. Emphasis has been given to dynamic effects arising from stimulated one- and three-photon processes for a system consisting of two identical three-level atoms interacting simultaneously with a strong laser field and a weak signal field. The atoms consist of an upper excited state and two lower states; they interact through their dipole- dipole interaction and radiate to each other as well. The spectral function for the signal field, which describes the stimulated one- and three-photon proceses of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes arising from the dipole-dipole and cooperative radiative interactions between the two atoms, has been calculated and compared with that of the single atom. The computed spectra are presented graphically for different values of the Rabi frequencies, dipole-dipole interactions, and for different detunings.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2L (Anoctaminopathy) (P5.446)

Objective: To describe two sporadic patients from Ohio with anoctaminopathy who presented with very different clinical and electrophysiologic phenotypes. Background: Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in anoctamin 5 gene (ANO5) cause LGMD-2L. European studies suggest that anoctaminopathy is a major cause of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy presenting with various phenotypes from myalgia with hyperCKemia to progressive muscle weakness. Design/Methods: Patient 1: 23 year-old man presented with 6-month history of lower extremity weakness and cramps with imbalance. Neurologic examination showed severe bilateral (posterior) calf atrophy and mild weakness in foot/ankle plantar flexion and inversion. There was no involvement of the upper extremities or craniobulbar region. Creatine kinase (CK) was 11322 (normal range: 30 – 220 U/L). Electromyography (EMG) of the lower extremity muscles showed significant abnormal spontaneous activity (fibrillation and positive sharp wave potentials) with neurogenic motor units. The EMG abnormalities were more severe in the posterior compartment muscles both below and above the knee. An LGMD genetic panel revealed two mutations in ANO5 (c.191dupA and c.2272C>T (p.R758C)). Patient 2: 33 year-old woman with history of three stillbirths and one premature birth presented with seven years of severe myalgia, chronic fatigue and exertion intolerance. She was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Her manual muscle testing was normal despite prominent “give-way” weakness. CK was in the 1700–5000 range but her EMG and muscle biopsy were normal. An LGMD genetic panel revealed two mutations in ANO5 (c.191dupA and c.692G>T (p.G231V)). Results: NA Conclusions: Phenotypic spectrum of anoctaminopathies is very broad and LGMD-2L should be considered in any patient with very high CK and neuromuscular complaints, including myalgia. Patient #1 showed neurogenic motor units on his EMG that can be seen in some very chronic myopathies like inclusion body myositis. Neurologic examination, EMG findings, and muscle biopsy are not adequate or reliable for diagnosis exclusion and genetic testing is required. Disclosure: Dr. Shouman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morren has nothing to disclose. Dr. Soltanzadeh has nothing to disclose.
Iterative Forward-Backward Algorithm for Optical Diffraction Tomography

An iterative forward-backward algorithm for optical diffraction tomography is proposed for imaging phase objects with large refractive index contrast. Numerical results demonstrate accurate and robust reconstructions with sub-wavelength resolution.
Kelvin–Froude wake patterns of a traveling pressure disturbance

Abstract According to Kelvin, a point pressure source uniformly traveling over the surface of deep calm water leaves behind universal wake pattern confined within 39 ° sector and consisting of the so-called transverse and diverging wavefronts. Actual ship wakes differ in their appearance from both each other and Kelvin’s prediction. The difference can be attributed to a deviation from the point source limit and for given shape of the disturbance quantified by the Froude number F . We show that within linear theory effect of arbitrary disturbance on the wake pattern can be mimicked by an effective pressure distribution. Further, resulting wake patterns are qualitatively different depending on whether water-piercing is present or not (“sharp” vs “smooth” disturbances). For smooth pressure sources, we generalize Kelvin’s stationary phase argument to encompass finite size effects and classify resulting wake patterns. Specifically, we show that there exist two characteristic Froude numbers, F 1 and F 2 > F 1 , such as the wake is only present if F ≳ F 1 . For F 1 ≲ F ≲ F 2 , the wake consists of the transverse wavefronts confined within a sector of an angle that may be smaller than Kelvin’s. An additional 39 ° wake made of both the transverse and diverging wavefronts is found for F ≳ F 2 . If the pressure source has sharp boundary, the wake is always present and features additional interference effects. Specifically, for a constant pressure line segment source mimicking slender ship the wake pattern can be understood as due to two opposing effect wakes resembling (but not identical to) Kelvin’s and originating at segment’s ends.
Parasite-Mediated Anorexia and Nutrition Modulate Virulence Evolution

Temporary but substantial reductions in voluntary food intake routinely accompany parasite infection in hosts ranging from insects to humans. This "parasite-mediated anorexia" drives dynamic nutrient-dependent feedbacks within and among hosts, which should alter the fitness of both hosts and parasites. Yet, few studies have examined the evolutionary and epidemiological consequences of this ubiquitous but overlooked component of infection. Moreover, numerous biomedical, veterinary, and farming practices (e.g., rapid biomass production via high-calorie or high-fat diets, low-level antibiotics to promote growth, nutritional supplementation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen) directly or indirectly alter the magnitude of host anorexia-while also controlling host diet and therefore the nutrients available to hosts and parasites. Here, we show that anorexia can enhance or diminish disease severity, depending on whether the current dietary context provides nutrients that bolster or inhibit immune function. Feedbacks driven by nutrition-mediated competition between host immune function and parasite production can create a unimodal relationship between anorexia and parasite fitness. Subsequently, depending on the host's diet, medical or husbandry practices that suppress anorexia could backfire, and inadvertently select for more virulent parasites and larger epidemics. These findings carry implications for the development of integrated treatment programs that consider links between host feeding behavior, nutrition, and disease severity.
How Does Credit Supply Expansion Affect the Real Economy? The Productive Capacity and Household Demand Channels

Credit supply expansion can affect an economy by increasing productive capacity or by boosting household demand. In this study, we develop a test to determine if the household demand channel is present, and we implement the test using both a natural experiment in the United States in the 1980s and an international panel of 56 countries over the last several decades. Consistent with the importance of the household demand channel, we find that credit supply expansion boosts nontradable sector employment and the price of nontradable goods, with limited effects on tradable sector employment. Such credit expansions amplify the business cycle and lead to more severe recessions.
A novel use of the Resorb X® plating system in pediatric chest wall reconstruction

Abstract Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an infrequent occurrence but can present a complex situation for physicians. The respiratory system can be affected in various ways. Primary closure often is not feasible and many autologous tissue, prosthetic and biosynthetic options exist to assist with closure. Many of the sequelae of this repair manifest later in childhood with revision being common for many reasons, most commonly for reherniation. A 7-month-old infant who underwent CDH repair in the first week of life presented to a plastic surgeon with right chest wall depression inconsistent with the commonly seen post-thoracotomy scoliosis or pectus deformity. A trial of non-operative management failed as serial imaging showed no improvement. As the patient aged, she and her family became more dissatisfied with the noticeable chest wall defect. At 7 years after the initial CDH repair, chest wall reconstruction was successfully performed using a poly (D,L-lactide) acid plating system. This case illustrates a unique approach to primary pediatric chest wall reconstruction after arrest of chest wall growth secondary to primary CDH repair and also highlights the importance of correct surgical technique in pediatric patients, especially when operating near bone growth centers.
Designing Online and Mobile Diabetes Education for Fathers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Mixed Methods Study

Background: Fathers make unique and central contributions to the health of their children. However, research in type 1 diabetes (T1D) education largely ignores the needs of fathers, including during the development of online and mobile educational materials. Objective: The purpose of this study was to solicit and incorporate input from fathers of children with T1D into the design, content, and infrastructure of a suite of online diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) resources. Methods: The study took part in three phases: (1) exploratory research, (2) website and subdomain development, and (3) evaluation. Fathers of children with T1D (n=30) completed surveys and semistructured qualitative interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to identify fathers’ content and design preferences. An online DSMES website (T1DToolkit.org) and a separate mobile subdomain targeting fathers (Mobile Diabetes Advice for Dads, or mDAD) were developed. A prototype of the site for fathers was evaluated by 33 additional father participants. End user feedback was elicited via survey. Results: Participants in the exploratory phase were enthusiastic about the online diabetes resources. Preferences included high-quality design, availability via mobile phone and tablet, brief text content supplemented with multimedia and interactive features, reminders via text or email, endorsement by medical professionals, and links to scientific evidence. The mDAD subdomain received high usability and acceptability ratings, with 100% of participants very likely or likely to use the site again. Conclusions: The development of eHealth educational platforms for fathers of children with T1D remains an unmet need in optimizing diabetes management. This study incorporated fathers’ feedback into the development of a suite of online diabetes education resources. The findings will serve as the basis for future research to assess the clinical efficacy of the website, its subdomain targeting fathers, and additional subdomains targeting unique populations.
Iodination of Dimethenamid in Chloraminated Water: Active Iodinating Agents and Distinctions between Chlorination, Bromination, and Iodination

Few studies have elucidated the agent(s) that generate iodinated disinfection byproducts during drinking water treatment. We present a kinetic investigation of iodination of dimethenamid (DM), a model compound lacking acid-base speciation. Water chemistry parameters (pH, [Cl-], [Br-], [I-], and [pH buffer]) were systematically varied. As pH increased (4-9), DM iodination rate decreased. Conventional wisdom considers hypoiodous acid (HOI) as the predominant iodinating agent; nevertheless, HOI (pKHOI = 10.4) could not have produced this result, as its concentration is essentially invariant from pH 4-9. In contrast, [H2OI+] and [ICl] both decrease as pH increases. To distinguish their contributions to DM iodination, [Cl-] was added at constant pH and ionic strength. Although chloride addition did increase the iodination rate, the reaction order in [Cl-] was fractional (≤0.36). The contribution of ICl to DM iodination remained below 47% under typical drinking water conditions ([Cl-] ≤ 250 mg/L), implicating H2OI+ as the predominant iodinating agent. Distinctions between DM iodination versus chlorination or bromination include a more pronounced role for the hypohalous acidium ion (H2OX+), negligible contributions by hypohalous acid and molecular halogen (X2), and a more muted influence of XCl, leading to lesser susceptibility to catalysis by chloride.
Utility of neuromonitoring in hypothermic circulatory arrest cases for early detection of stroke: Listening through the noise.

Abstract Objective Stroke remains a potentially devastating complication of aortic arch intervention. The value of neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (NIOM) in the early identification of stroke is unclear. We evaluated the utility of NIOM for early stroke detection in aortic arch surgery. Methods Across 8 years at our institution, 365 patients underwent aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest, and 224 cases utilized NIOM. One patient was excluded for intraoperative death. In the remaining cohort, we reviewed the incidence, timing, and location of strokes, and the incidence and nature of NIOM alerts. Results Hemiarch was performed in 154 patients and total arch replacement in 69 patients. Stroke occurred in 6.3% of all cases (14 out of 223), 15.9% of total arches (11 out of 69), and 2.0% of hemiarches (3 out of 154). There were 33 NIOM alerts (14.8%), and 9 patients had both alerts and stroke. Of these, NIOM deficits plausibly correlated with imaging findings in 7 cases (78%). Of the 5 stroke patients without NIOM alerts, 2 developed neurologic symptoms 3 days or more postoperatively, and infarcts in 3 patients did not result in sensory or motor deficits. Excluding 2 patients with late stroke, the sensitivity of NIOM for stroke detection was 75%, specificity was 88.5%, positive predictive value was 27.3%, and negative predictive value was 97.4%. Conclusions Despite a low positive predictive value requiring a high level of discrimination when interpreting abnormal findings, NIOM has high sensitivity and specificity for the early stroke detection. Furthermore, its high negative predictive valve is reassuring for low risk of stroke in the absence of alerts.
Towards Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Circuits and Systems For Small Form Factor and Power Efficient 5G Mobile Devices

This paper discusses phased array system design issues for millimeter-wave circuits in 5G mobile devices. 5G technologies to enable extremely high data rates (10Gbps)., ultra-low latency (1msec), and massive number of devices (1M devices/km2) can support broad range of application spaces which have never been considered before. Directional beamforming by utilizing a phased array system in the millimeter-wave frequency ranges helps to improve system level efficiency providing spatial multiplexing capability. However., beamforming requires multiple RF channels and antennas with phase and gain control circuitry., which affects the radio form factor and degrades the performance due to the increased parasitic. Furthermore., 5G millimeter-wave power amplifiers have to be inherently linear without digital calibration because multiple RF channels cause complex and time-consuming calibration procedures prohibited in commercial mobile products. Since there is a tradeoff between linearity and efficiency., high efficiency in a millimeter-wave power amplifier cannot be achieved with CMOS only. Thus III-V devices and their monolithic integration with CMOS circuits are crucial for a small form factor and power efficient 5G mobile devices.
Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Using Evolution-Constructed Features

One of the common ways of human showing emotion is through the change in facial expression. In this paper, we propose a new method for emotion detection by analyzing facial expression images. Facial expression information is analyzed by using a new feature construction method called Evolution-COnstructed (ECO) Features. The proposed algorithm is able to automatically recognize seven basic emotions that include Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness and Surprise. The test results on the Cohn- Kanade dataset show that the proposed algorithm has a very high classification accuracy.
Responsible innovation in biotechnology: Stakeholder attitudes and implications for research policy

This article explores attitudes of stakeholders involved in biotechnology towards the Responsible Innovation (RI) framework. As a framework for governance, RI has received increasing scholarly attention but has yet to be successfully integrated into U.S. research and innovation policy. Using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed the attitudes of different biotechnology stakeholders, particularly those working in areas related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture and the environment, towards the principles and practices of RI. Homogenous focus groups (organized by stakeholder affiliation) and pre- and post-focus group surveys were used to measure attitudes towards RI. We designed the survey questions according to the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and examined the agreement of stakeholders with policy core beliefs (general principles of RI) and secondary beliefs (implementation practices of RI). Although all stakeholder groups had neutral to positive attitudes towards RI general principles, we found significant differences in their reactions to the scholarly definitions of RI and in their attitudes towards practices to implement RI. In comparison to government and advocacy groups, stakeholders promoting biotechnology innovations–industry, trade organizations, and academics–had more negative reactions to social science definitions of RI and to RI practices that relinquish control to people outside of technology development pipelines. Qualitative analysis of focus-groups revealed barriers for implementing RI practices. For example, innovators were cynical about including external voices in innovation pathways due to inflexible funding programs and were concerned about potential delays to innovation given the highly competitive environments for financing and patents. In order to help address these tensions, we call for the co-design of RI practices between biotechnology innovators and other stakeholders. The opening-up of biotechnology innovation to RI practices of anticipation, inclusion, responsiveness and reflexivity will likely be important for future, public legitimacy of emerging genetic engineering applications such as gene editing and gene drives.
Exome Sequencing Identifies Abnormalities in Glycosylation and ANKRD36C in Patients with Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Background Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially fatal blood disorder, resulting from autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). However, the mechanism underlying anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibody formation is not known, nor it is known how genetic aberrations contribute to the pathogenesis of iTTP. Methods Here we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of DNA samples from 40 adult patients with iTTP and 15 local healthy subjects with no history of iTTP and other hematological disorders. Results WES revealed variations in the genes involved in protein glycosylation, including O-linked glycosylation, to be a major pathway affected in patients with iTTP. Moreover, variations in the ANKRD gene family, particularly ANKRD36C and its paralogs, were also more prevalent in patients with iTTP than in the healthy controls. The ANKRD36 family of proteins have been implicated in inflammation. Mass spectrometry revealed a dramatic alternation in plasma glycoprotein profile in patients with iTTP compared with the healthy controls. Conclusion Altered glycosylation may affect the disease onset and progression in various ways: it may predispose patients to produce ADAMTS13 autoantibodies or affect their binding properties; it may also alter clearance kinetics of hemostatic and inflammatory proteins. Together, our findings provide novel insights into plausible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of iTTP.
Diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in mechanical circulatory support device patients

Background Mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD) patients with positive heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) screening pose a unique challenge, as clinicians must make rapid decisions about their anticoagulation and whether they can safely undergo cardiopulmonary bypass . We identified screening practices at our institution and other institutions nationwide that differed from American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines. This discovery prompted a data review to confirm the applicability of guidelines to this unique population and to highlight complications of "gestalt" screening. Methods Our study included MCSD patients with HIT testing from April 2014 to August 2020. We evaluated 510 PF4 IgG ELISA results. Results HIT was confirmed in 4.2% of patients. There was an increased prevalence of HIT in patients with nondurable (5.3%) vs durable devices (2.9%) or those in the preimplantation setting (1.3%), however this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.26). None of the patients with a low probability 4T Score had HIT. All patients with a high probability 4T Score and PF4 immunoassay OD >2.0 had HIT. False positive results occurred in 22% of assays ordered for patients with a low probability 4T Score. Twelve patients with a low probability 4T Score and a false positive immunoassay were switched to a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) while awaiting confirmatory results. Two patients experienced clinically significant bleeding after conversion to a DTI. An organ was refused in one patient with false positive HIT screening. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that an opportunity exists to improve clinical outcomes by re-emphasizing the utility of established guidelines and highlighting their safe use in the MCSD patient population.
Baseline Refractive and Ocular Component Measures of Children Enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET)

PURPOSE. To describe baseline refractive and ocular component measures in children with myopia enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET). COMET is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial to evaluate whether progressive-addition lenses slow the progression of juvenile-onset myopia compared with single-vision lenses. METHODS. Four hundred sixty-nine children with myopia between 1.25 and 4.50 D spherical equivalent and without eye or systemic conditions known to affect refractive development were recruited from four geographically and ethnically diverse communities in the United States. Their ages were 6 to 11 years inclusive, and 52% were girls. The main outcome measure for the overall trial is progression of myopia determined by cycloplegic autorefraction after inducement of cycloplegia with 2 drops of 1% tropicamide. Axial length, the secondary outcome measure, was assessed by ultrasonography. The distance correction was determined by subjective methods before cycloplegia, with noncycloplegic autorefraction values as the starting point. RESULTS. Because data were similar in both eyes, they are reported for the right eye only. The mean spherical equivalent measured by cycloplegic autorefraction was 2.38 0.81 D. Young children had significantly less myopia than older children (P 0.03), but the amount of myopia did not differ by gender or ethnicity. Mean axial dimensions were 4.0 0.2 mm (anterior chamber), 3.4 0.2 mm (lens), 16.8 0.7 mm (vitreous chamber), and 24.1 0.7 mm (axial length). Girls’ eyes had significantly shorter axial length than boys’ (P 0.0001). Mean corneal radii were 7.73 0.25 mm (horizontal) and 7.59 0.24 mm (vertical). Ninety-five percent of the eyes had a ratio of axial length to corneal radius higher than 3.0. CONCLUSIONS. These baseline measures provide cross-sectional data on a large group of ethnically diverse children with myopia. Refractive and axial component dimensions are consistent with data in other studies showing that myopic eyes have longer vitreous chambers than emmetropic eyes. The measures reported herein will serve as a basis for examining changes that occur over a minimum of 3 years of follow-up of children enrolled in COMET. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43: 314 ‐321)
The Role of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Poisoning

Extracorporeal elimination of drugs and toxins is a critical component in the management of poisonings, though specific techniques and indications remain a matter of debate. Conventional hemodialysis is frequently the treatment of choice because of its widespread availability and proven effectiveness for certain drugs and toxins. With the increased availability of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) modalities, there is yet another therapeutic option, but one that has yet to find a definitive role in this field. The continuous nature of these therapies is attractive for the management of acute renal failure, but the relatively slower clearance rates as compared to conventional hemodialysis is a distinct drawback in patients with acute xenobiotic-induced toxicity. There are abundant case reports as well as a few small case series in the medical literature documenting the use of CRRT, but specific techniques and the clinical outcomes vary considerably. Therefore one cannot draw definitive conclusions regarding benefit. Some patients, particularly those who are hemodynamically unstable and are not candidates for conventional hemodialysis, may warrant a trial of CRRT. However, at the present time, routine use for the treatment of poisoning is not supported. Controlled trials to better clarify its role would be beneficial, though such studies would be extremely difficult to conduct in this field. We believe that the intelligent application of extracorporeal modalities requires a thorough knowledge of drug pharmacokinetics, of the techniques utilized, and a skeptical analysis of the available literature.
A characterization of systems of parameters

A criterion is given for a set of elements to form a system of parameters on a module over a local ring. Let R be a Noetherian local ring of dimension n. We recall that a sequence of elements xj,... , xn in the maximal ideal m of R is called a system of parameters if the quotient R/(xl,... , xn) has dimension zero, and that the dimension n of R is the smallest integer for which a sequence with this property exists. Similarly, if M is an R-module of dimension k, we say that a sequence of elements x1,... ,Xk of the maximal ideal of R forms a system of parameters for M if the quotient M/(x1, ... ., xk)M has finite length. Assume that M is a finitely generated maximal Cohen-Macaulay module, so that its depth and its Krull dimension are both equal to n. In this note we give a criterion for a sequence of elements in the ideal (x1,... ., xn) to form a system of parameters on M. Let Yl, , Yn be a sequence of n elements in the ideal generated by xl,... , xn. We may theyl write each yi as a sum of multiples of the xj, so that there is a matrix A (aij) such that
Heat shock protein expression in brain: a protective role spanning intrinsic thermal resistance and defense against neurotropic viruses

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, particularly in response to stressful conditions that adversely affect normal cellular structure and function, such as hyperthermia. A remarkable intrinsic resistance of brain to hyperthermia reflects protection mediated by constitutive and induced expression of HSPs in both neurons and glia. Induced expression underlies the phenomenon of hyperthermic pre-reconditioning, where transient, low-intensity heating induces HSPs that protect brain from subsequent insult, reflecting the prolonged half-life of HSPs. The expression and activity of HSPs that is characteristic of nervous tissue plays a role not just in the maintenance and defense of cellular viability, but also in the preservation of neuron-specific luxury functions, particularly those that support synaptic activity. In response to hyperthermia, HSPs mediate preservation or rapid recovery of synaptic function up to the point where damage in other organ systems becomes evident and life threatening. Given the ability of HSPs to enhance gene expression by neurotropic viruses, the constitutive and inducible HSP expression profiles would seem to place nervous tissues at risk. However, we present evidence that the virus-HSP relationship can promote viral clearance in animals capable of mounting effective virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses, potentially reflecting HSP-dependent increases in viral antigenic burden, immune adjuvant effects and cross-presentation of viral antigen. Thus, the protective functions of HSPs span the well-characterized intracellular roles as chaperones to those that may directly or indirectly promote immune function.
Don't Put the Cart Before the Horse: Teaching the Economic Approach to Empirical Research

When students are taught how to do original research in courses outside economics, they are taught to begin with the collection of data. This is not the approach followed by economists, who typically begin an answer to a research question by developing a model. The model then guides the search for evidence. We argue that the economic approach is more likely to lead to the development of a persuasive argument, and that greater awareness of the contrast between the economic approach and its alternatives can enable economists to improve the teaching of the research process.
Acute Aortic and Mitral Valve Perforations Caused by Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

A previously healthy 11-year-old girl was transferred to our facility with fevers, polyarthralgias, abdominal pain, tachypnea, palatal ulcers, petechiae on the dorsal feet, and vesicular rash on the extensor elbows. Two weeks earlier, she was treated with 3 days of cephalexin and penicillin for cellulitis of the left foot, followed by a week of oral clindamycin. She had persistent arthralgias and later developed abdominal pain, tachypnea, and hypoxia, for which she was admitted to an outside hospital 3 days before transfer to our facility. At the outside hospital, she had extensive laboratory and imaging studies, including chest computed tomography, which showed bilateral peripheral opacification, and she was started on vancomycin and ampicillin/sulbactam for presumed pneumonia. Her antibiotics were subsequently changed to ceftriaxone and azithromycin and then discontinued on arrival at our facility. The patient’s infectious workup included multiple negative blood cultures, viral studies, and serologies. A screening echocardiogram performed on the second day of her admission at our hospital showed normal …