cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclase isoform AC1 is preferentially expressed in guinea-pig sino-atrial node cells and modulates the I(f) pacemaker current.

Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclases (AC) are known to play important roles in neurons but have not previously been reported in the heart. Here we present the first evidence for selective expression of Ca2+-stimulated AC in the sino-atrial node (SAN) but not in ventricular muscle of the guinea-pig heart. The AC1 isoform of Ca2+-stimulated AC was shown to be present in SAN, both as mRNA using RT-PCR and as protein using immuno-blotting with a specific antibody. Confocal immuno-fluorescence studies detected membrane localization of AC1 in SAN cells, but no AC1 in ventricular muscle. Ca2+-stimulated AC8 may also be present in SAN. The functional importance of AC activity was investigated by monitoring activation of If (gated by hyperpolarization and regulated by cAMP, which shifts activation to more depolarized voltages). Basal activity of AC in isolated SAN myocytes was demonstrated by the observations that an inhibitor of AC activity (MDL 12330A, 10 μm) shifted activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, while inhibition of phosphodiesterases (IBMX, 100 μm) shifted If activation in the depolarizing direction. Buffering cytosolic Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA (by exposure to BAPTA-AM) shifted activation of If in the hyperpolarizing direction, and under these conditions the AC inhibitor MDL had little or no further effect. The actions of BAPTA were overcome by exposure to forskolin (10 μm), a direct stimulator of all AC isoforms, to restore cAMP levels. These effects are consistent with the functional importance of Ca2+-stimulated AC, which is expected to be fundamental to initiation and regulation of the heartbeat.
The Infinite Faces of Pain: Narrative, Eros, and Ethics

This chapter begins by affirming the medical distinction between acute pain and chronic pain. It then discusses pain within a theoretical framework that divides illness between two large forces: medical eros and medical logos. While medical logos incorporates the familiar reason-based scientific molecular gaze of contemporary biomedicine, medical eros is an unfamiliar term that refers to the various ways that desire is expressed in the context of medicine, health, and illness. The chapter builds an argument holding that eros (or desire) and narrative have a crucial, connected role to play in the medical understanding and treatment of pain. This role is especially important for ethics. Bioethics is traditionally a discipline in which principles are the main focus. In an extended discussion of the 1944 film The Great Moment—which dramatizes the discovery of surgical anesthesia—the chapter concludes with an argument, based on the work of philosopher Emanuel Levinas, in which pain becomes a key test case for an ethics that sees in “the face” an image or metaphor for the infinite otherness of the other person. Medical eros thus serves to promote an ethics of pain opposed to the engineered and incidental facelessness of much contemporary medicine—and life.
Abstract 2728: Multivariate analysis of cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers in central nervous system lymphoma patients and controls

Establishing the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is often difficult as the clinical presentation and radiographic features are nonspecific. The gold standards for diagnosis are cytologic analysis of the CSF, which has poor sensitivity, or brain biopsy, which may be associated with significant morbidity and a high rate of diagnostic failure. We are testing the hypothesis that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome contains information which may facilitate early and noninvasive diagnosis of CNS lymphoma as well as provide prognostic information. We evaluated the CSF concentrations of three candidate CNS lymphoma protein biomarkers: CXCL-13, a B-cell homing chemokine, Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an autocrine B-cell growth factor, and antithrombin-III (ATIII), a candidate tumor biomarker which we previously identified by mass spectrometric analysis of the CSF. Determinations were performed by ELISA of CSF diagnostic specimens from 228 patients: 75 specimens were from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma of the brain and 153 controls including 15 specimens from patients with astrocytic neoplasms, 16 specimens from secondary brain tumors including metastases from breast and lung cancer, and 122 other controls including patients with established systemic lymphoma who staged negative for CNS involvement. Mean concentrations of CXCL-13, IL-10 and ATIII were each significantly elevated in the CSF of CNS lymphoma patients compared to the controls (p These preliminary data support a role for CXCL-13 and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma involving the brain and support our hypothesis that molecular signals within the CSF may be rapidly evaluated in combination to facilitate early and relatively non-invasive diagnosis. This approach may also be applied with other diagnostic modalities such as neuroimaging and flow-cytometry. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2728.
Complement fixation studies with pus antigen in granuloma inguinale.

ConclusionAn antigen prepared from pus aspirated from a metastatic abscess containing Donovan bodies yielded highly sensitive and specific serological evidence of granu-loma inguinale when used in complement fixation tests. Twenty-one (84%) of 25 patients with established granuloma inguinale (positive smears) gave positive reactions.
Sensor Configuration and Requirements in the Intelligent Transformer

With the construction of the strong and smart grid of China and the demands of enhancement of the reliability of power system,more rigorous requirements have brought for the transformer security and reliability.It is an indispensable work for advancement of visualization level and observability of the power system to improve the visualization level and observability of the transformer through installation of essential sensors,implementation of real-time monitoring of operation condition,and achievement of high-level data mining application of supervisory information.Starting from the self-detection information of the intelligent transformer,the role of self-detection information in the analysis and assessment of transformer condition is demonstrated.The significance of correct application of sensors in the transformer intelligentization is indicated.The general configurations and requirements of sensors utilized in the intelligent transformer are given.The implantation requirements of sensors in the transformer body are specifically depicted.And a brief discussion of the integration design of sensors and the transformer body are described.
Psychologically detaching despite high workloads: The role of attentional processes

Although psychologically detaching from work is beneficial for employee well-being and productivity, heavy workloads can interfere with detachment. Drawing from the self-regulation literature, we expand the stressor-detachment model to explore 2 attentional factors that shape the workload-detachment relationship: dispositional self-control-defined as a trait ability to regulate thoughts and behavior-and a daily planning intervention designed to direct attention away from incomplete work goals. Overall, we hypothesized that the ability to control and redirect attention is crucial for detaching from high workloads. Using an experimental daily diary design with 103 employees, we replicated previous results that daily workload is negatively associated with daily psychological detachment. However, this relationship was nonsignificant for individuals high on dispositional self-control and those that completed the planning intervention. We also observed a 3-way interaction, where the planning intervention was only effective for individuals low on dispositional self-control because employees high on self-control were naturally better at detaching from high workloads. Overall, these results illustrate the theoretical and practical utility of an attention-based perspective on detachment processes, including a simple intervention for helping individuals detach at home despite high workloads. (PsycINFO Database Record
Reason and Equilibrium in Veterans Law: A Game-Theoretical Defense of the Standards that Determine the Scope of Claims

This article uses game-theory to argue that the doctrine governing the interpretation as to the scope of veterans claims may well be optimized for the two competing interests of veterans law. However, despite this argument, the veterans claims system is still “broken.” Ultimately, the best possible – and perhaps only – solution to the claims system's procedural whack-a-mole is to start over from scratch, with careful planning and input by all stakeholders, in order to achieve the global optimum – a “good” veterans law adjudication system. In part I, this article provides the reasons and framework for using game theory to analyze the development of the doctrine governing the determination as to the scope of claims. Part II provides a play by play of the game of judicially developing the doctrine governing the determination as to the scope of claims. The article then models the development of the duty to sympathetically read and develop claims to their optimum and the evolution of the normative standards of reasonableness which guide the interpretation of claims. The article also explains the intersection of the development of the doctrine governing the determination as to scope of claims with the doctrine of implicit denial. Part III solves for the game. This Part first explains the utility of the adopted standard of reasonableness as a workhorse for both competing interests of veterans. Then, the question of who is the reasonable person in this standard is answered for claims for benefits, claims for increased benefits, and in regards to the implicit denial doctrine. The article then suggests strategies to tie up loose ends in the game in order to progress further toward a local optimum. Finally, after providing an overview of the game’s outcome and consequences thereof, the article proposes that the game be abandoned in favor of reinventing the system from scratch with carefully planning and the aim of achieving a global optimum.
Time-Space: A Collaboration in Dance and Architecture

The paper explores the theoretical necessity and practical possibility of collaboration between dance and architecture, specifically from the perspective of the architect. Space and time are the common mediums in which both exercises operate and are therefore the basis for the collaboration. TIME: The dancer in space introduces the consideration of time-the movement of the body in space. This reveals a quality that traditional, static proportions and measures can never achieve. SPACE The dancer explores all the potential orientations and interactions between the two. This process of discovery in turn reveals certain experiential qualities of inhabiting a space that would otherwise remain unseen. The possible relationships between space and the body become part of the spatial experience whether or not they are employed. The body is pushed and pulled by the possibilities of its movement in space. Being able to see these possibilities through the dancer, the explorer of space-time, provides another important layer of understanding in the phenomenology of built space. These concepts are explored first from a theoretical perspective and then through the process of developing a collaborative performance between the School of Dance and the School of Architecture at the University of Arizona.
Normative Plurality in International Law

While the practice of human rights courts promotes coherence among the regional and the universal human rights regimes, the principle of systemic integration is not meant to expand the normative content of the interpreted treaty on the basis of external instruments, especially non-binding instruments. Therefore, such practice cannot be conceptualised as interpretation, but as the application of external instruments. To defend this argument, I rely in the theory of Alf Ross concerning the sources of international law. Then, after adjusting Ross’s theory to the specific problems of the 21st century, and proposing three mutually reinforcing notions (specificity, completeness and purpose) that assist the judge in determining the applicable law to a case, I develop the content of the normative plurality hypothesis.
Electrocatalytic and Optical Properties of Cobaloxime Catalysts Immobilized at a Surface-Grafted Polymer Interface

We report on the electrocatalytic and optical properties of cobaloxime hydrogen production catalysts assembled on a polymer-modified nanostructured indium tin oxide (nanoITO) electrode. The hybrid construct is assembled using built-in ligand sites (pyridyl groups) of the surface-attached polymer to direct, template, and assemble cobaloxime units. The conductive nature of the nanoITO substrate allows direct electrochemical measurements of the CoIII/CoII and CoII/CoI redox couples of the cobaloxime–polyvinylpyridine assembly recorded in organic electrolyte solutions, confirming the polymer interface used in this work does not preclude formation of reduced cobalt species. Electrochemical measurements using modified and nonmodified nanoITO electrodes in buffered aqueous solutions indicate the immobilized cobaloxime units remain catalytically active. The relatively large surface area of the nanostructured support, coupled with its visual transparency, also permits optical characterization of the modified elect...
Left Ventricular Aneurysm May Not Manifest as Persistent ST Elevation on Electrocardiogram

BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic presentations of left ventricle aneurysms are diverse; however, a persistent ST segment elevation post myocardial infarction is most commonly reported. CASE REPORT The authors present a case of a 67-year-old man who presented to the emergency department after three days of chest pain and was found to have an acute myocardial infarction with an incidental finding of a left ventricular aneurysm. His surface electrocardiogram, however, demonstrated only inverted T waves in the precordial leads. He had a very elevated serum troponin I consistent with an acute myocardial injury which prompted a cardiac catheterization with angioplasty. Post angioplasty, he had persistent T wave inversions in the precordial leads. CONCLUSIONS It is important for clinicians to appreciate that the presence of newly inverted T waves in patients with a late presentation post myocardial infarction should raise a concern for a possible left ventricular aneurysm.
Shared Decision-Making and Children With Disabilities: Pathways to Consensus

Shared decision-making (SDM) promotes family and clinician collaboration, with ultimate goals of improved health and satisfaction. This clinical report provides a basis for a systematic approach to the implementation of SDM by clinicians for children with disabilities. Often in the discussion of treatment plans, there are gaps between the child's/family's values, priorities, and understanding of perceived "best choices" and those of the clinician. When conducted well, SDM affords an appropriate balance incorporating voices of all stakeholders, ultimately supporting both the child/family and clinician. With increasing knowledge of and functional use of SDM skills, the clinician will become an effective partner in the decision-making process with families, providing family-centered care. The outcome of the process will support the beneficence of the physician, the authority of the family, and the autonomy and well-being of the child.
Seamless inverter control scheme for shore-to-ship application

This paper proposes a general seamless control scheme of inverter for the purpose of ship-to-shore connection by means of active islanding detection method. In the proposed system, the Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS) method combined with a frequency protection scheme is used to detect the islanding instant. The SFS parameter selection is performed using a new phase criterion proposed in the literature. and implemented to add more functionality to the control algorithm.
Geochemical and mineralogical evidence that Rodinian assembly was unique.

The mineralogy and geochemistry associated with Rodinian assembly (~1.3–0.9 Ga) are significantly different from those of other supercontinents. Compared to other supercontinents, relatively more Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons formed during Rodinian assembly, with corresponding enrichments of Nb, Y, and Zr concentrations in igneous rocks. By contrast, minerals bearing many other elements (e.g., Ni, Co, Au, Se, and platinum group elements) are significantly less abundant, without corresponding depletion of Ni and Co concentrations in igneous rocks. Here we suggest that the Nb, Y, and Zr enrichments in igneous rocks and relatively more occurrences of corresponding Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons result from significant non-arc magmatism during the mid-Proterozoic, while fewer occurrences of many other minerals suggest enhanced erosion of Rodinian volcanic arcs and orogens. The prolonged, extrovert assembly of Rodinia from thickened mid-Proterozoic continental crust via two-sided subduction can account for both the prevalence of non-arc magmatism and the enhanced erosion. The supercontinent Rodinia has been hypothesised to have formed in a different manner from other supercontinents. Here, the authors report geochemical and mineralogical evidence for prevalence of non-arc magmatism and enhanced erosion of volcanic arcs and orogens during Rodinian assembly.
Select α-arrestins control cell-surface abundance of the mammalian Kir2.1 potassium channel in a yeast model.

Protein composition at the plasma membrane is tightly regulated, with rapid protein internalization and selective targeting to the cell surface occurring in response to environmental changes. For example, ion channels are dynamically relocalized to or from the plasma membrane in response to physiological alterations, allowing cells and organisms to maintain osmotic and salt homeostasis. To identify additional factors that regulate the selective trafficking of a specific ion channel, we used a yeast model for a mammalian potassium channel, the K+ inward rectifying channel Kir2.1. Kir2.1 maintains potassium homeostasis in heart muscle cells, and Kir2.1 defects lead to human disease. By examining the ability of Kir2.1 to rescue the growth of yeast cells lacking endogenous potassium channels, we discovered that specific α-arrestins regulate Kir2.1 localization. Specifically, we found that the Ldb19/Art1, Aly1/Art6, and Aly2/Art3 α-arrestin adaptor proteins promote Kir2.1 trafficking to the cell surface, increase Kir2.1 activity at the plasma membrane, and raise intracellular potassium levels. To better quantify the intracellular and cell-surface populations of Kir2.1, we created fluorogen-activating protein fusions and for the first time used this technique to measure the cell-surface residency of a plasma membrane protein in yeast. Our experiments revealed that two α-arrestin effectors also control Kir2.1 localization. In particular, both the Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase and the protein phosphatase calcineurin facilitated the α-arrestin–mediated trafficking of Kir2.1. Together, our findings implicate α-arrestins in regulating an additional class of plasma membrane proteins and establish a new tool for dissecting the trafficking itinerary of any membrane protein in yeast.
Social Skills Training for Community Living

Competence in interpersonal relationships as well as the ability to work appear to be key variables affecting the outcome of almost all treatment programs, particularly those dealing with schizophrenic patients. Successful acquisition of an effective repertoire of social behavior is highly dependent on careful behavioral analysis of the patient’s assets and deficits, motivation to change, goals and aspirations, and environmental supports and limitations.
An Introduction to the Panama Canal Watershed

The Panama Canal Watershed is a hydrologically complex, ecologically diverse managed natural-artificial managed water resource system composed of many sub-basins, rivers, and dammed lakes extending across 2,982 km2 on both sides of the Panama Canal. The upper Rio Chagres basin is the largest headwater unit in the watershed, occupying about one-third the total area but supplying almost half of the water needed for canal operation. Total runoff across the watershed is such that there is inadequate input of water during low-flow years to provide the all of 4.1×105 m3 of water needed to operate the canal, generate electricity, and provide public drinking water. At present, forest preservation is arguably the most important water resources management issue for the Panama Canal Watershed because deforestation causes enhanced soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation and also strongly affects the timing of the runoff. Overall, prospects for the long-term sustainability of the water resources of the Panama Canal Watershed are good, given the large percentage of land within the watershed that is federally protected. However, the challenge for the immediate future is to develop and enforce a consistent set of informed and enforced land management to ensure that the water resources will continue to be available to operate, if necessary, and expand the Panama Canal for the benefit of Panama and the world.
Continuous-Time Market Dynamics, Arch Effects, and the Forward Premium Anomaly

We study a simple continuous-time model based on uncovered interest parity (UIP) that endogenously generates conditional heteroskedasticity in exchange rate returns. The volatility clustering arises from dependence of the ex post deviation from UIP on the lagged interest differential which is induced into discretized observations that conform to sampling intervals of the data. This dependence has a "big news" interpretation. The model also provides an explanation of the forward premium anomaly as a result of sporadic central bank intervention that creates unanticipated switches in the process governing the interest differential.
Clock Gene Regulation of Endocrine Function

Hormones of diverse endocrine systems fluctuate in a regular fashion throughout the 24 h day, providing a high degree of temporal organization within the endocrine milieu of the organism. While it has been known that these diurnal fluctuations are under the control of a central circadian clock located in the master neuroendocrine regulator of the brain, the hypothalamus, only recently has the molecular transcriptional–translational feedback loop that gives rise to the generation of 24 h signals at the cellular level been uncovered. Our understanding of how alterations in circadian clock gene function can lead to changes in 24 h hormonal patterns is at only an early stage, but these early studies indicate that such alterations could underlie diverse endocrine pathophysiologies.
The Widening Gulf: Group Therapy Training and Traditional Training Models

The decline of training programs using traditional methods in group psychotherapy training may correspond to a static growth in membership and certifications in the two recognized national group associations. In addition, the increasing distance of group therapy from family therapy, two modalities that utilize group principles, may further illustrate the isolation of group training from the reality of today's practice. New ideas are needed for training programs to combine the varieties of group practice and settings, and the various practitioners, with standards of competency. A three-tiered training model may serve as an example of a training model that moves in a much needed, new direction.
Abstract 5732: Zinc transporter, ZIP14, as a mediator of systemic muscle wasting in metastatic cancers

Metastasis contributes to the vast majority of cancer-related mortalities. Metastatic tumors secrete factors that systemically affect various organs leading to dysfunction and accelerated death. More than 80% of metastatic cancer patients experience a progressive and debilitating loss of muscle mass and function by a process known as cachexia. Cachectic patients suffer deterioration of diaphragm and cardiac muscles and often die prematurely due to respiratory and cardiac failure. The prognosis for these patients is further diminished by the fact that they are often too weak to tolerate standard doses of anti-cancer treatments. Cachexia is therefore an important determinant of therapeutic response, outcome and patient survival in advanced cancer patients. Although systemic metabolic derangements and chronic inflammation predominate in cachexia, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving its development are not well understood. Therefore, insights into the specific interventions that could either reverse or prevent cachexia are expected to improve treatment outcome, survival and quality of life in cancer patients. In this study, we identified a metal ion transporter, ZIP14 that was upregulated in cachectic muscles from five independent metastatic models, as well as in metastatic cancer patients. We find that TNF-alpha and TGF-beta cytokines upregulate ZIP14 in muscles, which in turn results in the accumulation of intracellular zinc. Increased zinc influx in muscle cells is associated with the degradation of myofibrillar proteins that contributes to muscle atrophy and muscle mass loss. Importantly, germline ablation or muscle-specific depletion of Zip14 markedly inhibits cancer-induced muscle wasting. Our study demonstrates a novel function of ZIP14 in muscles as a mediator of cachexia in advanced cancers. Insights from this study can be used to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent cachexia, and improve the survival and quality of life in metastatic cancer patients. Citation Format: Anup Biswas, Gang Wang, Wanchao Ma, Courtney Coker, Kurenai Tanji, Manoj Kandpal, Ramana Davuluri, Swarnali Acharyya. Zinc transporter, ZIP14, as a mediator of systemic muscle wasting in metastatic cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5732.
Control of Ocean Temperature on Jakobshavn Isbræ's Present and Future Mass Loss

Author(s): Bondzio, JH; Morlighem, M; Seroussi, H; Wood, MH; Mouginot, J | Abstract: Large uncertainties in model parameterizations and input data sets make projections of future sea level rise contributions of outlet glaciers challenging. Here we introduce a novel technique for weighing large ensemble model simulations that uses information of key observables. The approach is robust to input errors and yields calibrated means and error estimates of a glacier's mass balance. We apply the technique to Jakobshavn Isbrae, using a model that includes a dynamic calving law, and closely reproduce the observed behavior from 1985 to 2018 by forcing the model with ocean temperatures only. Our calibrated projection suggests that the glacier will continue to retreat and contribute about 5.1nmm to eustatic sea level rise by 2100 under present-day climatic forcing. Our analysis shows that the glacier's future evolution will strongly depend on the ambient oceanic setting.
No Room to “Lean In”: A Qualitative Study on Gendered Barriers to Promotion and Leadership

Abstract Introduction: The gender gap in professorship and leadership roles persists in academic medicine, whereas reasons for these disparities remain unclear. Materials and Methods: Open-ended te...
Distance learning

Gapen (1993) states that the concept of remote access to the contents and services of libraries and other information resources provides the user technology that brings access to the resources of multiple libraries and information services. With the evolution of a variety of methods involved in distance education, the role of academic libraries has broadened to provide resources and services to these invisible but very tangible students.This chapter begins with a brief review of the history of distance education and the impact of this technology on higher education. The chapter also explores the role of libraries and librarians in providing the variety of services, resources, and technology necessary to support this steadily growing facet of academic institutions. Finally, the chapter will present a case illustration of how one university has incorporated its virtual library as a critical element in its distance learning educational initiatives.
Managing care for people with diabetes undergoing dialysis.

Background Caring for patients with diabetes undergoing dialysis often proves challenging for staff working in haemodialysis units as they are not experts in diabetes and unfamiliar with insulin dosing regimens and the impact dialysis can have on blood sugar levels and lifestyle adjustment. There is a need to improve the knowledge base of renal healthcare professionals to better understand the physiology of diabetes, its relationship with end stage kidney disease, and potential changes that can take place when commencing dialysis. Objectives The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes, associated risk factors, and complications associated with combined kidney disease & diabetes. In addition, readers will learn about the impact of dialysis on this complex patient group; adjustments which need to be made to accommodate haemodialysis schedules e.g. timing of meals and insulin requirements; treatment time including travel; the monitoring of blood glucose levels: increased risk of hypoglycaemia; review of oral glycaemic medication and the need to maintain regular health checks and contact with diabetes teams. Recommendations for practice Specialist evidence based guidelines for the management of patients with diabetes receiving haemodialysis are readily available and can be used to support clinical practice. One of the key components to improving the patient experience is to maintain collaborative working relationship between renal and diabetes teams. Learning outcomes After reading this paper the reader will be able to Understand the risk factors and complications of diabetes and relate to patients in their care Critically review the management of patients undergoing dialysis with diabetes Gain knowledge and understanding of changes in the dosing of insulin needed for patients receiving dialysis Understand how clinical guidelines can be applied in practice.
Surgical Management of Acute Empyema

Empyema, or “pus in the chest,” is the most common complication of pneumonia and is therefore a surgical emergency with which an acute care surgeon should be familiar. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical exam, radiographic imaging, and – most importantly – a pleural fluid analysis. Initial treatment consists of tube thoracostomy and possible intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy. Failure to improve clinically or radiographically requires immediate surgical intervention. Open thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) are the two valid approaches for decortication and drainage. In pediatric patients, VATS is preferred.
Effective Mnemonic Strategies for Gifted Learners

Ninety-six gifted and non-gifted fourth and fifth grade students were taught either Italian vocabulary or information about North American minerals via free study or mnemonic (memory strategy) inst...
Are female top executives more risk-averse or more ethical? Evidence from corporate cash holdings policy

Abstract This study examines the impact of gender in the C-Suite on corporate decision making. In particular, we investigate the influence of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO)’s gender on the agency costs of free cash flow. We document that female CFOs reduce cash holdings in firms with excess cash, which should alleviate the agency conflict arising from managerial discretion. We also find that female CFOs at firms with surplus cash increase distributions to shareholders in the form of dividends. The empirical evidence also shows that the reduction in cash does not lead to suboptimal investment policies. Of the two competing hypotheses – gender-ethics hypothesis and risk-aversion hypothesis—these results are consistent with the view that female CFOs undertake more ethical but not more risk-averse decisions than their male counterparts. Our results are robust to a battery of robustness tests.
ICBayes: a package of Bayesian semiparametric regression for intervel-censored data

Interval-censored data arise frequently in medical studies of diseases that require periodic examinations for symptoms of interest, such as disease-free survival (DFS). This paper provides an intro...
A mouse model of stress-enhanced fear learning demonstrates extinction-sensitive and extinction-resistant effects of footshock stress

Stressful experiences can cause long-lasting sensitization of fear and anxiety that extends beyond the circumstances of the initial trauma. The neural mechanisms of these stress effects have been studied extensively in rats using the stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) paradigm, in which exposure to footshock stress potentiates subsequent fear conditioning. Here we establish a mouse version of the SEFL paradigm. Male and female 129s6 mice received four 1-mA footshocks or equivalent context exposure without shock. Shock exposure induced Pavlovian fear conditioning to the shock context and produced three more general effects: (1) suppression of open field exploration, (2) potentiated unconditioned fear of a novel tone stimulus, and (3) enhanced fear conditioning in a novel context. To determine whether these effects of footshock stress reflect generalized Pavlovian fear conditioning versus nonassociative fear sensitization, some mice received extinction training in the footshock stress context, which reduced contextual fear to the levels of unstressed control mice. Extinction restored normal open field exploration, suggesting that this effect of stress reflects generalized Pavlovian fear. In contrast, extinction failed to attenuate stress-enhanced fear, indicating that stress-enhanced fear is nonassociative and mechanistically distinct from Pavlovian fear conditioning. The effects of footshock stress were similar in male and female mice, although female mice displayed larger acute responses to fear-inducing stimuli than did males. The results demonstrate that footshock stress influences emotional behavior through distinct associative and nonassociative mechanisms, which likely involve unique neural underpinnings.
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses Are More Robust in Patients with Severe Disease

We studied plasma antibody responses of 35 patients about 1 month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Titers of antibodies binding to the viral nucleocapsid and spike proteins were significantly higher in patients with severe disease. Likewise, mean antibody neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live virus were higher in the sicker patients, by ~5-fold and ~7-fold, respectively. These findings have important implications for those pursuing plasma therapy, isolation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, and determinants of immunity.
Polarized U.S. publics, Pope Francis, and climate change: Reviewing the studies and data collected around the 2015 Papal Encyclical

As soon as it was clear that Pope Francis's 2015 Encyclical, Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home, would discuss, among other issues, the moral imperative to address global climate change, U.S. scholars and research institutions rushed to collect data surrounding its release. These groups aimed to determine whether there would be a “Francis Effect,” in which U.S. Conservatives (and Conservative Catholics in particular) would show greater concern about the negative effects of global climate change. Here, we first provide context by discussing the history of political polarization in the U.S. over global climate change. Then, we review the published literature and publicly available data that aimed to examine potential influences of Laudato Si’ on people's climate change attitudes. Taken together, the available scholarship provides strong evidence that U.S. publics were differentially responsive to the Pope's messaging (with political Conservatives expressing less climate change concern and viewing Pope Francis as less credible), but there is correlational evidence of an overall “Francis Effect.” U.S. population data collected following the encyclical's release show small, potentially temporary, increases in perceptions of papal credibility, climate change concern, and the perspective that global climate change is a moral issue. This article is categorized under: Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Basaltic fissure types on Earth: Suitable analogs to evaluate the origins of volcanic terrains on the Moon and Mars?

Abstract Basaltic eruptive fissures of the Great Rift and surroundings on the eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho, USA, and selected volcanic features in Hawai’i, Iceland and northern Africa were surveyed for their relevancy as planetary analogs. Evaluated during field investigations and in satellite imagery for structures, physiography, and geologic setting, fissures were categorized into four broad types: (1) simple, monogenetic fissures with obvious volcanic constructs or deposits, (2) monogenetic fissures now obscured by low shields or relatively large cones, (3) polygenetic volcanic rift zones with multiple vents and deposits, and (4) compound regional fissure systems or dike swarms that comprise major rift zones or large volcanic terrains. Using this classification as an initial base, we surveyed imagery of volcanic features for likely fissure vents in two major geologic settings on the Moon: floor-fractured craters (FFCs) and mare and cryptomare provinces. Two major regions on Mars, the volcanic plains around Alba Mons and the greater Tharsis region, were also surveyed for fissure types and volcanic associations of fissure-like features. The planetary surveys suggest that the proposed classification provides a suitable analog starting point to interpret structures associated with fissure systems on the Moon and Mars. With few exceptions, our survey indicates that each of the studied terrains exhibits a dominant fissure type. Type 1 fissures, most with pyroclastic deposits, prevail in lunar FFCs and mare-like regions; whereas type 2 fissures are ubiquitous in the Tharsis region of Mars and a few exist on the Moon as low shields. Type 3 volcanic rift zones are not common on either the Moon or Mars, although they might become evident in future work on chemically evolved terrains. Type 4 fissures are inferred in mare terrains, often represented as the extensions of major linear rille networks or rimae, with possibly complex dike swarms that were buried beneath voluminous mare basalt lava flows. Likewise, numerous flood lavas on Mars are possibly associated with now-obscured or difficult to define type 4 fissure systems.
Exploring individual differences of public speaking anxiety in real-life and virtual presentations

Public speaking is a vital skill for making good impressions, effectively exchanging ideas, and influencing others. Yet, public speaking anxiety (PSA) ranks as a top social phobia. Recent advancements in wearable devices and ubiquitous virtual reality (VR) interfaces can help measure and mitigate PSA. This research quantifies PSA through bio-behavioral markers related to individuals' physiological and acoustic characteristics. The effect of virtual reality (VR) training on alleviating PSA is measured through self-reported and bio-behavioral indices. Psychological (e.g., general trait anxiety, personality) and demographic (e.g., age, gender, highest education, native language) traits are examined as moderating factors between bio-behavioral indices and PSA, as well as moderating factors for measuring the VR effectiveness in mitigating PSA. These measures are also used as clustering criteria for stratifying participants in group-based models of PSA. Results indicate the significance of such traits to modeling PSA with the proposed group-based models yielding Spearman's correlation of 0:55 ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) between the actual and predicted outcome. Results further demonstrate that systematic exposure to public speaking in VR can alleviate PSA in terms of both self-reported ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) and physiological ( $p \lt 0:05$ ) indices. Findings from this study will enable researchers to better understand antecedents and causes of PSA and lay the foundation for personalized adaptive feedback for PSA interventions.
Oncogenic PKA signaling stabilizes MYC oncoproteins via an aurora kinase A-dependent mechanism

Abstract Genetic alterations that activate protein kinase A (PKA) signaling are found across many tumor types, but their downstream oncogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. We used global phosphoproteomics and kinome activity profiling to map the conserved signaling outputs driven by diverse genetic changes that activate PKA in human cancer, including melanoma and fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC). We define two consensus networks of effectors downstream of PKA in cancer models. One is centered on RAS/MAPK components, and a second involves Aurora Kinase A (AURKA). We find that AURKA stabilizes c-MYC and n-MYC protein levels and expression programs in PKA-dependent tumor models, in part via a positive feedback loop mediated by the oncogenic kinase PIM2. This process can be suppressed by conformation-disrupting AURKA inhibitors such as CD-532. Our findings elucidate two independent mechanisms of PKA-driven tumor cell growth and offer insight into drug targets for study in FLC and other PKA-dependent malignancies.
Delisting the Dishonorable

The National Register of Historic Places is the “official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation.” Listing is an honor that has been bestowed upon thousands of properties across the country. Many properties undoubtedly deserve this honor. But what if a historic property conveys a message of hate and discrimination? What if it mischaracterizes history and ignores injustice? Should it be honored by the National Register? In recent years, the continued presence of Confederate monuments in communities throughout the country has received significant attention—spurring debate and even violence—as a result of a growing understanding that these monuments were erected to promote a fictionalized version of history and white supremacist views. The National Register lists many Confederate monuments. By analyzing a more complete history of Confederate monuments, the federal regulations (promulgated by the National Park Service) that they must satisfy to qualify for listing, and contemporary actions taken pertaining to other public references to the Confederacy, this Note argues that these monuments do not and should not qualify for listing on the National Register. Many previous discussions concerning Confederate monuments have been focused at the local and state levels. By recognizing that Confederate monuments do not deserve the honor that comes with National Register recognition, the National Park Service, and thus the federal government, could communicate to the entire country that the people and cause these monuments portray and celebrate should no longer be put on a pedestal.
microRNA Expression in Rat Apical Periodontitis Bone Lesion

Apical periodontitis, dominated by dense inflammatory infiltrates and increased osteoclast activities, can lead to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss. It is believed that miRNA participates in regulating various biological processes, osteoclastogenesis included. This study aims to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in rat apical periodontitis and explore their functional target genes. Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in apical periodontitis. Bioinformatics technique was applied for predicting the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and their biological functions. The result provided us with an insight into the potential biological effects of the differentially expressed miRNAs and showed particular enrichment of target genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathways. These findings may highlight the intricate and specific roles of miRNA in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, both of which are key aspects of apical periodontitis, thus contributing to the future investigation into the etiology, underlying mechanism and treatment of apical periodontitis.
Visible light responsive systems based on metastable-state photoacids

Proton transfer is one of the most fundamental processes in nature. Metastable-state photoacids can reversibly generate a large proton concentration under visible light with moderate intensity. which provides a general approach to control various proton transfer processes. Several applications of mPAHs have been demonstrated recently including control of acid-catalyzed reactions, volume-change of hydrogels, polymer conductivity, bacteria killing, odorant release, and color change of materials. They have also been utilized to control supramolecular assemblies, molecular switches, microbial fuel cells and cationic sensors. In this talk, the mechanism, structure design, and applications of metastable-state photoacids are introduced. Recent development of different types of metastable-state photoacids is presented. Challenges and future work are also discussed.
Experimental demonstration of arbitrary waveform generation using anamorphic stretch transform

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, that using anamorphic stretch transform, the time-bandwidth product of photonic-assisted time-stretch arbitrary waveform generation can be greatly increased above the fundamental limit set by the spectral encoding.
The Emperor’s New Mind

(1991). The Emperor’s New Mind. Journal of Research on Computing in Education: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 629-630.
Evaluating public sector information systems: Satisfaction versus impact

Abstract Police information systems are evaluated using both satisfaction and impact measures. Police reported high rates of satisfaction with their systems, but, with the exception of reporting, little or no impact in areas such as productivity, personnel allocation, and other forms of decision making. The dynamics of satisfaction are explored. Nearly half of the departments report that their satisfaction has changed. A new classification is developed that takes into consideration both satisfaction and the nature of the change. It is argued that this measure would help to identify organizations where users are in the process of changing their attitudes toward the system. Implications for the evaluation of information systems are discussed.