cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of biotin deficiency upon the skin of mice.

Summary and ConclusionsIn the mouse the growth potentials of the skin and its appendages are not appreciably affected by biotin deficiency, but normal differentiation and function are impaired. There is a slight increase in mitotic activity in the epidermis and in the sebaceous glands. The pilosebaceous units are blocked by keratinized debris and little or no sebum is released upon the surface of the skin. In the sebaceous cells, the stored lipid droplets are much larger than in those of normal animals. Unlike the sebaceous lipids of normal glands, those of biotin deficient mice are isotropic and negative to the Liebermann-Burchard test. There is abundant cellular fragmentation at the periphery of sebaceous glands and the lipids are apparently phagocytized by histiocytes in the dermis. The melanin-bearing cells around the sebaceous cells, when present, also contain lipid droplets. As a rule, neither histiocytes nor melanin-bearing cells contain demonstrable lipids in the skin of normal mice. There is an i...
XOA: Web-Enabled Cross-Ontological Analytics

We describe the development of the cross-ontological analytics (XOA) system, which implements a novel Web-enabled approach for computing similarities across gene and gene products with associated specifications of functional genomic relationships. The XOA system enables biologists to leverage combinations of hierarchical and associative data across multiple subontologies in order to reveal relationships between gene and gene products that might not otherwise be exposed by existing methods of computational analysis. We also provide examples of specific proof-of-concept applications in which XOA has been successfully tested.
Is horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. (Solanaceae), an alternate host for soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)?

Since its recent introduction to the United States in 2000, the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has expanded its geographic range throughout most of the soybean growing regions in the United States. In Missouri, the geographic range of the aphid has expanded from 19 counties being infested in 2000 to more than 70 counties in 2004. In its native range of Asia and its latest expansion into North America, soybean aphid is heteroecious and considered to have a narrow host range. Multiple authors (Takahashi et al., 1993; Blackman and Eastop, 2000; Voegtlin et al, 2004) have reported several Rhamnus spp. (Rhamnaceae) as being the primary (overwintering) host(s) of this insect. In North America, it is well documented that the secondary (summer) host is cultivated soybean, Glycine max L. (Fabaceae) (Ragsdale et al., 2004). In addition to soybean, Venette and Ragsdale (2004) state that secondary hosts are restricted to species within Fabaceae as several works (Blackman and Eastop, 2000; Alleman et al., 2002) show that soybean aphid is capable of feeding and reproduction on several fabaceous species albeit with a range of poor to good success. Other works have examined the potential for soybean aphid biology to be supported upon secondary host species in plant families beyond Fabaceae such as the Solanaceae. However, experimental evidence has indicated that species such as tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae), are not likely to support soy bean aphid biology (Fang et al., 1985; Ragsdale and McCornack, 2002; Venette and Ragsdale, 2004). Horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L., is a native perennial solanaceous weed that is commonly found throughout the north-central United States in fields, gardens, and waste areas (Wax et al., 1981). It is considered a noxious weed in many states and key pest for many field cropping systems including soybean and crops commonly rotated with soybean such as corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae) (Medlin et al., 2001; Wlialey and Vangessel, 2002). WJiile there are several examples of many insect species colonizing horsenettle (Judd et al., 1991; Nichols et al., 1992; Mena-Covarrubias et al., 1996; Nault et al., 1997), the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) is the only aphid reported to colonize horsenettle (Leonard, 1963). In this paper, we present our field observations indicating that soybean aphid utilizes and reproduces on horsenettle. This is the first report of soybean aphid utilizing a secondary host species beyond Fabaceae.
Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Systemic plus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy is associated with longer survival in comparison with systemic chemotherapy alone

Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is associated with poor survival. This study compared the outcomes of patients with unresectable ICC treated with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) plus systemic chemotherapy (SYS) with the outcomes of patients treated with SYS alone. Methods Consecutive patients with ICC were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed. Survival rates were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank testing. Results Between January 2000 and August 2012, 525 patients with ICC were evaluated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and 236 patients with unresectable tumors (locally advanced or metastatic) were analyzed. Disease was confined to the liver in 104 patients, who underwent treatment with combined HAI and SYS (n = 78 or 75%) or SYS alone (n = 26 or 25%). The response rate in the combined group was better than the rate in the group receiving SYS alone, although this did not reach statistical significance (59% vs 39%, P = .11). Overall survival for the combined group was longer than overall survival for the patients who received SYS alone (30.8 vs 18.4 months, P Conclusions In patients with unresectable ICC confined to the liver or with limited regional nodal disease, a combination of SYS and HAI chemotherapy is associated with greater survival than SYS alone. Cancer 2016;122:758-765. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Trading Spaces: Habitat Mitigation Banking Under Fish & Wildlife Service Policy

Mitigation banking of habitat acreage under threat of development is a recent innovation of the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). As FWS tries to discharge its duties under the Endangered Species Act with extremely limited agency resources, innovations like this are becoming critically important. The policy guidance issued in 2003 structuring this habitat trading system addresses several of the risks inherent in any environmental trading system. In this brief comment, I highlight the theoretical potential of a trading system, but ultimately conclude that the many costs and risks of a trading model for habitat conservation and restoration probably outweigh its potential benefits.
“Picture it all, Darley”: Race Politics and the Media History of George Lippard’s The Quaker City

Sari Altschuler “‘Picture it all, Darley’: Race Politics and the Media History of George Lippard’s The Quaker City ” (pp. 65–101) This essay adresses two related questions. First, how did George Lippard’s The Quaker City develop from a multimedia story told through newspaper conventions, illustration, and two plays into the novel that appeared in May 1845? And second, how did Lippard’s white-seduction narrative come to pivot around the nightmare of an ambiguously raced Devil-Bug? Joining these questions of form and content, I argue that the media history of The Quaker City is inextricable from its history of race. In the wake of the almost riot around the mid-serialization of his Philadelphia play, Lippard moved away from fictionalizing current events toward the “grotesque-sublime” through a broader critique of Philadelphia less open to charges of libel. This shift took place through the transformation of Devil-Bug, a character Lippard rapidly developed in the middle installments until he was complex enough to carry the new story. Turning the once-black Devil-Bug into his protagonist, however, required character developments that necessarily complicated the story’s representation of race, a process that occurred concurrently with events related to the work that highlighted the systemic oppression of African Americans. In winter 1844, troubles with two stage productions and his illustrator highlighted the problems of representing race. After a several-month hiatus, Lippard published new installments vituperously condemning the representational limits of these nonprose forms and turned to prose to develop his antislavery position through Devil-Bug. As a result of these confluent developments, The Quaker City became an antislavery text through the process of opening Devil-Bug’s character up to its own hybridity and interiority.
Effect of coring conditions on temperature rise in bone

Coring is a surgical procedure in bone biopsy retrieval and dental/orthopaedic procedures, which may cause thermal damage to bone tissues adjacent to the coring zone. This study was performed to determine the temperature rise in bone by coring using a semi-empirical thermocouple approach. Concurrently, a custom-made dynamometer was used to measure the cutting and thrust forces during coring bovine cortical bone samples. The experimental results indicated that the cutting force, cutting speed, and depth of cut significantly affect the temperature rise in the cutting zone during coring process. In addition, acute temperature rises in the cutting zone occurred when the cutting speed exceeded threshold levels. The limited capacity of heat dissipation during coring is most likely responsible for such a sharp temperature rise with increasing cutting speed. Moreover, it was observed that the maximum size of potential thermal damage zone could reach to 3.0 mm in depth from the surface of the coring hole, assuming that thermal damage would occur when the temperature is greater than 47°C. Thus, proper cutting conditions need to be selected to avoid the potential thermal damage to bone during the coring procedures.
An Introduction to the Law & Economics of Information

This paper reviews the literature related to the properties of information and legal implications of same, making three observations:First, scholars have extended a public good model of information to an ever-increasing number of fields where law and information intersect. An incomplete list includes intellectual property, securities regulation, contract theory, consumer protection, communications, and the study of free speech. Second, scholars have sharply questioned whether, in practice, information actually has the characteristics of a public good. In particular, the claim that information is intrinsically impossible to exclude non-payers from has no clear basis, a fact that potentially undermines theoretical support for some forms of government intervention. A closer look suggests that context, subject matter, and industry structure tends to yield great variation in how much intervention really is required to ensure adequate production or dissemination. This tends to support the existence of dynamic legal regimes attuned to differences in subject matter or perhaps industry structure. Third, the review questions if the public good concept, while well-established, ought really be the exclusive focus of the economic and legal understanding of information. The article closes by considering other, less investigated, but potentially important, properties of information that have not received as much scholarly attention.
Experimental observations of the life cycle of Xenopsylla skrjabini

Objective To observe the life cycle of Xenopsylla skrjabini under laboratory conditions.Methods Meriones meridianus was served as blood-supplying animal under the conditions of(26±0.5)℃ and 70%±5% RH with routine breeding and plate culture.Results The entire life cycle of holometabolic X.skrjabini could be divided into 4 stages(egg,larva,pupa/cocoon and adult).The development periods(egg-larva,larva-pupa,pupa-adult and egg-adult) were 5.65±0.49 d,10.78±0.67 d,7.52±0.95 d,and 23.96±1.49 d for the male,respectively;5.49±0.51 d,10.20±0.78 d,4.90±1.04 d and 20.59±1.14 d for the female,respectively.The hatching rate(egg-larva),pupation rate(larva-pupa),emergence rate(pupa-adult) and growth rate were 91.0%,85.7%,82.1% and 64.0%,respectively.The sex ratio after emergence was 1.8:1.The longevities were 4.17±1.11 d for the male and 5.31±1.69 d for the female under starvation,13.56±2.56 d for the male and 20.50±8.31 d for the female under supplying blood.The average number of laying eggs per day(15 males and 10 females as a unit) was 23.46,and the average lifetime number was 624.00±5.76.The non-linear regression equation between the average daily number of laying eggs(n) and oviposition time(d) was y=e[4.548-0.140(x-2)](x≥3).Conclusion The short life cycle and high productivity of X.skrjabini were in the favor of transmission and prevalence of animal plague.
Shear bond strength of a new one-bottle dentin adhesive.

PURPOSE To test the shear bond strength of a new adhesive, 3M Single Bond, to dentin surfaces containing different degrees of moisture. Two commercially available one-bottle adhesives (Prime & Bond, One-Step) and a conventional three-step system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) were included for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 bovine teeth were embedded in acrylic and the labial surfaces were polished to 600 grit to create standardized dentin surfaces for testing. Resin composite was bonded to dentin using a gelatin capsule technique. Four adhesive systems were evaluated with three different degrees of surface moisture (moist, wet, and overwet). Shear bond strengths of adhesives to dentin were determined using a universal testing machine and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS Single Bond had mean shear bond strengths of 19.2, 23.2 and 20.3 MPa to moist, wet, and overwet dentin, respectively. Bond strengths of the three-component system Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus ranged from 23.1 to 25.3 MPa, but were not significantly higher than the values for Single Bond. Prime & Bond had bond strengths similar to those of Single Bond, but One-Step had significantly lower bond strengths (P < 0.05) in the wet and overwet conditions.
Reconstruction of Surfaces from Unorganized Data Points

Surface reconstruction from an unorganized data set is very challenging. The problem is ill-posed, i.e., there is no unique solution. Furthermore, the ordering or connectivity of the data set and the topology of the real surface can be rather complicated. A desirable reconstruction procedure should be able to deal with complicated topology and geometry as well as noise and nonuniformity of the data to construct a surface that is a good approximation of the data set and has some smoothness (regularity). Moreover, the reconstructed surface should have a representation and data structure that is not only good for static rendering but also good for deformation, animation, and other dynamic operations on surfaces.
Predicting revision sinus surgery in allergic fungal and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis consists of several disease processes. Eosinophilic mucin is found in the subtypes of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS). These entities frequently require surgical intervention and have high recurrence rates. Objective We aimed to determine factors in patients with AFS and EMCRS that may be associated with a higher rate of revision surgeries. Our hypothesis is that patients who have polyps, high Lund-Mackay score (LMS), and fungus may have higher revision rates. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 117 patients identified over a 5-year period (2005–2009) with the diagnosis of AFS or EMCRS. Contingency tables were created to obtain the odds ratios estimates, and 95% confidence intervals were used to access the association between the outcome (having revision surgery or not) and other clinical binary predictors. Results Twenty-six of 117 (22%) of the study patients underwent revision surgery. Within the 2-year follow-up period, an additional five of 26 (19%) required another revision surgery. Average LMS was slightly higher in those who underwent revision surgery (16 vs. 13) on a scale of 0 to 24, with an overall mean score of 18 and standard deviation of 6.82 for the whole sample (117). Other factors evaluated were the presence of fungus, polyps, eosinophilic mucin, and the eosinophilic count and medical therapy received. Conclusion The presence of eosinophilic mucin was significantly associated a higher rate of revision surgery. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2016
Take caution before using the contents of this report out of context: Mapping the use of research on controversial topics

Mapping theories and frameworks (e.g., Actor-Network Theory) offer us a way to contextualize and examine the risk communication practices enacted in controversial public discourses such as gun control and vaccination. Such ongoing controversies (often playing out over years and even decades) typify the reactionary model of risk communication [5] in which experts and public audiences communicate past rather than with each other (participatory model) in attempts to influence policy and opinions in the public sphere. In this project, we ask what role government-funded research plays in shaping these discourses. We begin with two government-funded research reports made available to the public in order to examine how these reports are linked, cited, and interpreted across various websites and social media. Mapping these communication practices can help us better understand the reactionary model, how communication design and medium contribute to this model, and possibilities for intervention to move toward a participatory model as advocated by scholars [1, 2].
Simultaneous multislice imaging for native myocardial T1 mapping: Improved spatial coverage in a single breath-hold.

Purpose To develop a saturation recovery myocardial T1 mapping method for the simultaneous multislice acquisition of three slices. Methods Saturation pulse-prepared heart rate independent inversion recovery (SAPPHIRE) T1 mapping was implemented with simultaneous multislice imaging using FLASH readouts for faster coverage of the myocardium. Controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) was used to achieve minimal noise amplification in three slices. Multiband reconstruction was performed using three linear reconstruction methods: Slice- and in-plane GRAPPA, CG-SENSE, and Tikhonov-regularized CG-SENSE. Accuracy, spatial variability, and interslice leakage were compared with single-band T1 mapping in a phantom and in six healthy subjects. Results Multiband phantom T1 times showed good agreement with single-band T1 mapping for all three reconstruction methods (normalized root mean square error <1.0%). The increase in spatial variability compared with single-band imaging was lowest for GRAPPA (1.29-fold), with higher penalties for Tikhonov-regularized CG-SENSE (1.47-fold) and CG-SENSE (1.52-fold). In vivo multiband T1 times showed no significant difference compared with single-band (T1 time ± intersegmental variability: single-band, 1580 ± 119 ms; GRAPPA, 1572 ± 145 ms; CG-SENSE, 1579 ± 159 ms; Tikhonov, 1586 ± 150 ms [analysis of variance; P = 0.86]). Interslice leakage was smallest for GRAPPA (5.4%) and higher for CG-SENSE (6.2%) and Tikhonov-regularized CG-SENSE (7.9%). Conclusion Multiband accelerated myocardial T1 mapping demonstrated the potential for single–breath-hold T1 quantification in 16 American Heart Association segments over three slices. A 1.2- to 1.4-fold higher in vivo spatial variability was observed, where GRAPPA-based reconstruction showed the highest homogeneity and the least interslice leakage. Magn Reson Med 78:462–471, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Neuroblastoma 3D cell culture: Proteomic differences between cancer spheroids and monolayers

4339 Single-agent fenretinide (4-HPR) is in current clinical evaluation for the treatment of pediatric neuroblastoma (NB). We have reported that 4-HPR induced large increases of ceramide by de novo synthesis in a wide variety of cancer cell lines in vitro . 4-HPR cytotoxicity is synergized by modulators of ceramide metabolism, including D-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor that prevents the metabolism of dihydroceramides and ceramides into glycosylceramides and ganglioceramides. Here we report that combination treatment with 4-HPR+PPMP prolonged survival in three human NB murine xenograft models. Methods. We studied subcutaneous xenografts in athymic (nu/nu) mice of human NB cell lines CHLA-140, CHLA-136, and SMS-KCNR (all established at relapse) for tumor growth delay of treatment groups vs. controls, calculated as TGD = [(T - C)/C] × 100, where T and C are the median days for the tumors to attain a sacrifice size (1500 mm 3 ). Results. In two mass disease models, animals bearing CHLA-140 or KCNR were treated with 4-HPR (120 mg/kg/day), PPMP (80 mg/kg/day), or 4-HPR (80 or 120 mg/kg/day) + PPMP (80 mg/kg/day), divided BID, i.p., × 5 days, every other week, for 4 - 5 courses. In the CHLA-140 model, 4-HPR+PPMP prolonged survival in 7/12 mice compared to controls, including one durable complete response (CR). 4-HPR-alone prolonged survival in 3/12 mice (1 durable CR), and PPMP alone in 1/12 mice, demonstrated a survival benefit of 123% for 4-HPR+PPMP (P 3 and then tumors cytoreduced with cyclophosphamide (156 mg/kg/day) + topotecan (0.75 mg/kg/day), i.p., × 5 days. Animals were then treated with 4-HPR+PPMP (120 mg/kg/day 4-HPR and 88 mg/kg/day PPMP), divided BID, i.p., every other week, × 2 courses; or, in a second experiment, 4-HPR (80 mg/kg/day), PPMP (80 mg/kg/day), or 4-HPR+PPMP (80 mg/kg/day of each agent), divided BID, i.p., every other week, × 4 courses, both starting at Day +21. Prolonged survival was observed in 3/5 mice treated with the higher 4-HPR+PPMP doses, including one durable CR, and 3/6 prolonged survival in the lower dose 4-HPR+PPMP schedule, compared to controls. There was no survival advantage demonstrated by 4-HPR alone, or PPMP alone. 4-HPR+PPMP was well tolerated in all treatment groups. Conclusions. These results suggest that the combination of 4-HPR+PPMP warrants further pre-clinical development for the treatment of neuroblastoma. These experiments were partially supported by a NCI FLAIR grant to B.J.M. for the development of a cGMP production method and preliminary formulation of PPMP.
Nonlinear Response of Cylindrical Shells to Random Excitation

An analytical study of nonlinear flexural vibrations of cylindrical shells to random excitation is presented. Donnell's thin-shell theory is used to develop the governing equations of motion. Thermal effects for a uniform temperature rise through the shell thickness are included in the formulation. A Monte Carlo simulation technique of stationary random processes, multi-mode Galerkin-like approach and numerical integration procedures are used to develop nonlinear response solutions of simply-supported cylindrical shells. Numerical results include time domain response histories, root-mean-square values and histograms of probability density. Comparison of Monte Carlo results is made to those obtained by statistical linearization and the Fokker–Planck equation.
Telecoms in New Jersey: Spatial Determinants of Sectoral Investments

Telecommunications is a critical sector which dramatically shapes New Jersey’s role in a globalizing economy from both a service and a technology perspective. New Jersey has universal telephone service, more than 500 service providers and the lowest telephone rate in the nation and in virtually all developed countries (Perone, 1996). On the technology side, (State, NJ, 1996) reported that New Jersey has more engineers and scientists per capita than any other state in the United States, more software engineers than any state except California, and more privately funded basic and applied research in telecommunication related areas, e.g., software, microprocessors, voice, video and data compression, etc., than any other state and all but a few nations in the world. New Jersey also has the highest density of cable TV users and is a global center for the research in High Definition Television (HDTV) and the establishment of its standards (Sherman, 1995). In addition, New Jersey is the home of the second largest provider of paging and personnel communication services in the United States and a lead player in the Caribbean and Canadian markets (MobileMedia, PR, 1996).
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and blood pressure elevation to treat acute spinal cord infarct.

Background Current management of acute spinal cord infarction (SCI) is limited. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) with blood pressure augmentation is utilized in the thoracic/thoracoabdominal aortic repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) populations to increase spinal perfusion pressure. Case description We identified 3 patients who sustained acute SCI and underwent CSFD and maintenance of elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) within 24 hours of injury. The first patient exhibited delayed-onset ischemia after a TEVAR. The second patient presented with an acute type B aortic intramural hematoma. The third patient developed spinal cord ischemia following bronchial artery embolization. There was significant improvement in the motor examination (e.g., ASIA impairment scale grade B or C) to grade D utilizing both blood pressure augmentation and CSFD. Conclusions Lumbar CSFD with MAP elevation benefited 3 patients with acute SCI of varying etiologies.
The americanism of Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos

Abstract Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos was one of the main ideologists of the Brazilian Liberal Party in the 1860s and 1870s. Through several books, pamphlets and articles, Tavares Bastos defended that Brazil should follow a greater political and administrative decentralization, granting greater autonomy to the provinces. Another way to summarize Tavares Bastos’s political thinking is to say that he had great admiration for the United States, and understood that Brazil should, within the possibilities, copy more the political model of this country. Thus, this text interprets the political thinking of Tavares Bastos emphasizing as central factor of this the proposal that Brazil should not only more closely copy US federalism, but also get closer to the US in its foreign policy.
What is the functional relevance of reorganization in primary motor cortex after spinal cord injury

Motor output maps within primary motor cortex are widely distributed and modified by motor skill learning and neurological injury. Functions that these maps represent after spinal cord injury remain debatable. Moreover, the pattern of reorganization and whether it supports recovery of compromised motor function is not well understood. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of motor dysfunction after spinal cord injury is necessary to develop and optimize repair strategies. There are three purposes for this review. The first is to synthesize available research on spontaneous reorganization with primary motor cortex following spinal cord injury. The second is to draw on existing evidence from the motor skill learning and brain injury literature to interpret the form and purpose of motor maps. The third purpose is to account for the existing research on intervention-induced reorganization of primary motor cortex following spinal cord injury. We conclude with directions for future work, emphasizing the need for multi-modal investigations that construct maps with both neuroimaging and non-invasive stimulation methods to derive a cohesive understanding of the effects of spinal cord injury on reorganization within primary motor cortex.
Racial/ethnic variation in trauma-related psychopathology in the United States: a population-based study.

Background The prevalence of mental disorders among Black, Latino, and Asian adults is lower than among Whites. Factors that explain these differences are largely unknown. We examined whether racial/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events (TEs) or vulnerability to trauma-related psychopathology explained the lower rates of psychopathology among racial/ethnic minorities. Methods We estimated the prevalence of TE exposure and associations with onset of DSM-IV depression, anxiety and substance disorders and with lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, a national sample (N = 13 775) with substantial proportions of Black (35.9%), Latino (18.9%), and Asian Americans (14.9%). Results TE exposure varied across racial/ethnic groups. Asians were most likely to experience organized violence - particularly being a refugee - but had the lowest exposure to all other TEs. Blacks had the greatest exposure to participation in organized violence, sexual violence, and other TEs, Latinos had the highest exposure to physical violence, and Whites were most likely to experience accidents/injuries. Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and substance disorder onset relative to Whites. Neither variation in TE exposure nor vulnerability to psychopathology following TEs across racial/ethnic groups explained these differences. Vulnerability to PTSD did vary across groups, however, such that Asians were less likely and Blacks more likely to develop PTSD following TEs than Whites. Conclusions Lower prevalence of mental disorders among racial/ethnic minorities does not appear to reflect reduced vulnerability to TEs, with the exception of PTSD among Asians. This highlights the importance of investigating other potential mechanisms underlying racial/ethnic differences in psychopathology.
Surgical outcomes of patients treated with ustekinumab vs. vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: a matched case analysis

The association between preoperative use of monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and postoperative complications is controversial, especially for the latest approved biologics, ustekinumab and vedolizumab, where data is limited. We hypothesized that ustekinumab-treated patients would have a similar overall postoperative complication rate as vedolizumab-treated patients. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative complications in patients receiving preoperative ustekinumab vs. vedolizumab. We queried our IRB-approved prospective database to identify Crohn’s patients who underwent colorectal surgery and pretreatment with ustekinumab or vedolizumab within 12 weeks of surgery. Ustekinumab-treated patients were matched to vedolizumab-treated patients based on sex, age ± 5 years, date of operation ± 3 years, and type of surgery. Paired univariate analysis and conditional logistic regression of the matched pairs were performed. Our primary outcome was the short-term postoperative complication rate. Secondary outcomes included infectious complications, readmission, reoperation, and length of stay. A total of 103 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) met the inclusion criteria (mean age 38.7 ± 13.4 years; male 51.2%). Overall, 30 patients received preoperative ustekinumab and 73 vedolizumab. In the univariate analysis, vedolizumab-treated patients had a higher postoperative complication rate (p = 0.009) and ileus rate (p = 0.015). After matching, 26 matched pairs were compared and logistic regression models demonstrated no significant difference in the primary outcome. For our limited experience, the choice of preoperative biologic treatment between ustekinumab and vedolizumab should not be influenced by fear of surgical complications.
Extrahepatic Nonreticuloendothelial Siderosis Is Not Specific to Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease.

Autopsy reports of 78 stillbirths and early infant deaths (up to age 8 weeks) were reviewed to investigate the prevalence of extrahepatic nonreticuloendothelial siderosis (EHNRS) in the context of ...
A Murine Model of Acute Hindlimb Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Introduction: 15% of preventable combat fatalities are due to hemorrhage from extremity wounds, making emergency tourniquet one of the first-line treatments. While lifesaving, tourniquets can cause...
The tumor cell‐secreted matricellular protein WISP1 drives pro‐metastatic collagen linearization

Collagen linearization is a hallmark of aggressive tumors and a key pathogenic event that promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cell-generated mechanical tension has been proposed to contribute to collagen linearization in tumors, but it is unknown whether other mechanisms play prominent roles in this process. Here, we show that the secretome of cancer cells is by itself able to induce collagen linearization independently of cell-generated mechanical forces. Among the tumor cell-secreted factors, we find a key role in this process for the matricellular protein WISP1 (CCN4). Specifically, WISP1 directly binds to type I collagen to promote its linearization in vitro (in the absence of cells) and in vivo in tumors. Consequently, WISP1-induced type I collagen linearization facilitates tumor cell invasion and promotes spontaneous breast cancer metastasis, without significantly affecting gene expression. Furthermore, higher WISP1 expression in tumors from cancer patients correlates with faster progression to metastatic disease and poor prognosis. Altogether, these findings reveal a conceptually novel mechanism whereby pro-metastatic collagen linearization critically depends on a cancer cell-secreted factor.
Harmonic maps of conic surfaces with cone angles less than $2\pi$

We prove the existence and uniqueness of harmonic maps in degree one homotopy classes of closed, orientable surfaces of positive genus, where the target has non-positive Gauss curvature and conic points with cone angles less than 2π. For a homeomorphism w of such a surface, we prove existence and uniqueness of minimizers in the homotopy class of w relative to the inverse images of the cone points with cone angles less than or equal to π. The latter can be thought of as minimizing maps from punctured Riemann surfaces into conic surfaces. We discuss the regularity of these maps near the inverse images of the cone points in detail. For relative minimizers, we relate the gradient of the energy functional with the Hopf differential.When the genus is zero, we prove the same relative minimization provided there are at least three cone points of cone angle less than or equal to π.
Viewpoints on Accreditation from Health Education Professionals and Administrators of Academic Professional Preparation Programs

The health education profession has made significant strides in promoting quality assurance for credentialing of health educators through a combination of individual certification and program approval and accreditation mechanisms. Although the profession has widely embraced individual certification, program accreditation has not been uniformly accepted nor implemented. The National Task Force on Accreditation in Health Education was charged to develop a detailed plan for a coordinated accreditation system for undergraduate and graduate programs in health education. One of the goals of the task force was to gather professionwide input into any proposed new system. We conducted two Web-based surveys to assess viewpoints on accreditation and program approval from health education professionals (n=506) and from faculty and administrators at academic programs in health education (n=105). Results from the surveys show that the majority of professionals in the field and at academic programs surveyed supported and would participate in a national, coordinated, professionwide accreditation system in health education. Furthermore, the majority of respondents suggested that the accreditation system should be comprehensive, flexible, build on the strengths of existing accreditation systems, and be linked to individual certification. Findings from these surveys, along with other input from the field, will help inform the final recommendations of the task force.
1964 – 65, Concluded

Luis’ ‘Sociology in a Life Context’ is ‘a very personal paper’ for the author, who therefore did not want it dittoed and distributed. In part, I suspect, for political reasons, for as a high school Student he had engaged in illegal political activities.
Very Deep Transformers for Neural Machine Translation

We explore the application of very deep Transformer models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Using a simple yet effective initialization technique that stabilizes training, we show that it is feasible to build standard Transformer-based models with up to 60 encoder layers and 12 decoder layers. These deep models outperform their baseline 6-layer counterparts by as much as 2.5 BLEU, and achieve new state-of-the-art benchmark results on WMT14 English-French (43.8 BLEU and 46.4 BLEU with back-translation) and WMT14 English-German (30.1 BLEU).The code and trained models will be publicly available at: this https URL.
ON THE OPTIMUM QUANTITY OF MONEY

It is pretty well established within Austrian economics that the optimum quantity of money is whatever level is established at any given time. The logical implication of this claim is that any amount of the commodity that intermediates trade will do as well as any other in acquitting this task. This being the case, there is no social or even private gain to be obtained by anyone adding to the money stock. The present paper challenges this view, but from within the praxeological tradition. That is, we shall argue that although prominent Austrian economists have indeed made this argument, they are incorrect from their own basic perspective, which is shared in full by the present authors. Our thesis, in contrast to theirs, is that “more is better,” or, more strictly speaking, at the very least it is possible that additional stocks of money can make a positive contribution to economic welfare. Given that we are making a frontal attack on economists with whom we agree on virtually all other issues1 in the dismal science, it behooves us to be very careful in documenting the charge we are about to bring. Accordingly, we quote quite fully from several leaders of the Austrian School, in order to obviate any possible misconstruction of their position. But before we introduce our extensive quotations from Mises and Rothbard, for these are the economists against whose views we shall be contending, let us mention a possible misinterpretation of our own position, and attempt to obviate it.
Vulcan Clothing Company

As an advertising consultant for a New York—based clothing company, the protagonist in this case wants to respect and reflect religious diversity in both promotion and publicity. An actress wearing a hijab, the head cover many Muslim women wear in public, has been included in the company's upcoming global ad campaign, sparking concerns about how the campaign will be received in France. Taking into account the friction between political secularism and Islam that had manifested itself in France, with one prominent clothing retailer having withdrawn some advertising that depicted hijabs, the protagonist must decide how to advise the clothing company to proceed with its campaign. Excerpt UVA-E-0438 Apr. 14, 2020 Vulcan Clothing Company In just a few months, you planned to roll out a major advertising campaign for one of your longest-standing clients, the New York—based clothing company Vulcan. In an effort to reflect and respect religious diversity, the video-clip series you and your team produced depicted representatives from a number of major faiths and some atheists wearing various Vulcan garments while going about their daily lives. One of those representatives was a Muslim woman, and her video segment dually functioned as an unveiling of Vulcan's own line of patterned hijabs, the head cover that some Muslim women and girls wore when in public. And while Vulcan made its American roots loud and clear in its overall brand language, it recently gained considerable traction in French metropolitan markets—so much so that opening a brick-and-mortar store in Paris had become a serious prospect. Challenges to Entering European Markets Expansion into European markets didn't come without its cultural, historical, and political caveats. First, the story of religion, secularization, and public life in Europe was a uniquely complex and complicated one, shaped by a blend of historical and contemporary influences: centuries of religious warfare; peculiar church—state relationships; contesting views on immigration; and challenges of pluralistic social integration, among others. Amid that complexity and complication, however, one thing was clear: Church attendance and, more broadly, faith in traditional religious institutions had waned consistently throughout the continent. Even if devotion remained strong in some Eastern European countries (especially contrasted with their Western European neighbors); and even if Asia housed the world's most secularized nations (e.g., China and Japan), Europe's narrative arc had brought it to a much more deinstitutionalized religious place when considered against the rest of the world. . . .
Bulldozing Infrastructure Planning and the Environment Through Trump’s Executive Order 13807

This Article assesses the regressive and otherwise harmful effects of Executive Order 13807 — the Trump Administration’s core initiative to alter federal infrastructure development — on sound planning, the environment, and democratic decision making. The primary components of this initiative include: (1) a Cross-Agency Priority policy, which requires agencies to complete environmental reviews and provide authorization decisions within an average of two years after publishing a notice of intent (NOI) to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); (2) a One Federal Decision policy, which, among other things, requires federal agencies to publish all authorization decisions for major infrastructure projects in a single document; and (3) significant increases in the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and lead construction agencies throughout infrastructure permitting and environmental review. Taken together, these aggressive changes seek to drastically cut the time and resources spent planning for and assessing major infrastructure projects — without any credible evidence justifying such changes. Unfortunately, the Trump Administration pays little, if any, attention to how these changes impact the effectiveness — or even the cost-effectiveness — of environmental review and permitting decisions. They also offer no support for the reallocation of authority. In fact, this initiative purports to make review cheaper and faster without providing the resources agencies say they need to be more efficient and effective. Agencies are instead simply measured by how quickly they approve projects through OMB performance assessments that entirely disregard the efficacy of agency review. To make matters worse, the Trump Administration disregards the lessons of past infrastructure development and recent progress toward regulatory streamlining. EO 13807 appears calculated both to hasten review processes and to reduce the quality of that review. As such, the Trump Administration’s initiative, which it is now attempting to codify in proposed regulations modifying NEPA, are not only likely to cause unnecessary environmental harm, but also reduce the quality of U.S. infrastructure. The Article concludes by offering other reasonably available measures that would much more effectively improve the efficiency and quality of government planning, promote public health and conservation, and advance sorely needed infrastructure development.
Adaptations to light contribute to the ecological niches and evolution of the terrestrial avifauna.

The role of light in structuring the ecological niche remains a frontier in understanding how vertebrate communities assemble and respond to global change. For birds, eyes represent the primary ext...
Science Librarianship in Colonial Philippines: Mary Polk and the Philippine Bureau of Science Library, 1903-1924

The Spanish-American War of 1898 ushered in decades of American rule in the Philippines. American colonial administrators established a bureaucracy that included the Bureau of Government Laboratori...
Multiplex computational pathology for treatment response prediction

Recently published in Science, AstroPath outlines a standardized workflow for multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) panel development, imaging, and analysis; showcases its potential in biomarker discovery for predicting response to anti–PD-1 treatment; and paves the way for large-scale computational pathology studies on high-quality mIF datasets using data-driven machine-learning techniques.
Pope Francis' Laudato Si: Comments on His Description of the Problems Facing Mankind

The content of this paper is found within the much longer Spanish language book chapter co-written with Alberto Garcia, referenced on this page. I describe Chapter One and its place in the overall argument of the book. In this Chapter the Pope describes the crises facing humanity (e.g., sustainability, climate change, unrestrained capitalism, etc.), the nature and solution of which he will discuss in more detail in subsequent chapters. I examine the Pope’s frames of reference in the Western Tradition, discussing their origin in Aristotle and the medieval argument between the Franciscans and the Ockhamists, and the influence of that argument on the eventual emergence of the Enlightenment and materialist values in science, political theory and economics. Although the Pope does not directly reference these precedents in the history of ideas, he clearly depends on them conceptually, disclosing the profound philosophical connection he has to his namesake, St. Francis, and through him and Thomas Aquinas, to an Aristotelian gaze on life.
The Influence of Market Proximity on National Forest Hazardous Fuels Treatments

The US Department of Agriculture Forest Service's focus on hazardous fuels reduction has increased since the adoption of the National Fire Plan in 2001. However, appropriations for hazardous fuels reduction still lag behind wildfire suppression spending. Offsetting fuels treatment costs through biomass utilization or by using innovative administrative mechanisms such as stewardship contracting are two approaches to stretching appro- priated dollars further across the landscape. We use fuels treatment data (n 8,451 locations) to ask how wood- processing infrastructure influences where and how much hazardous fuels treatments, biomass utilization, and stewardship contracting occur on national forests in Oregon and Washington. We found that national forest ranger districts that are relatively close in proximity to sawmills or biomass facilities treated more overall ha and more wildland-urban interface ha and used stewardship contracting on more ha than ranger districts further away and that there was a threshold distance for these effects (40 minutes). We also found that proximity to sawmills and biomass facilities influenced the location and extent of hazardous fuels treatments that incorporated biomass utilization or were administered through a stewardship contract. Our analysis suggests that to be effective at offsetting some of the costs of hazardous fuels reduction and treat a greater extent of the landscape, policy strategies may need to focus on supporting a network of wood-processing facilities that is distributed across forest-based communities. FOR .S CI. 59(5):566-577.