cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of Ifosfamide and Mesna in refractory adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

Background. Ifosfamide has antitumor activity in previously treated ovarian epithelial tumors, squamous carcinomas of the cervix, trophoblastic disease, and untreated uterine sarcomas in Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) trials. Because cyclophosphamide and other alkylating agents are known to produce responses in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, a Phase II trial of ifosfamide and the uroprotector, mesna, was undertaken. Methods. Fifty-two patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium recurrent after surgery and/or radiation therapy and refractory to first-line chemotherapeutic agents were treated with ifosfamide, 1.2 g/m2 intravenous daily for 5 days every 4 weeks, and mesna, 300 mg/m2 intravenous every 4 hours for 3 doses daily for 5 days. Two patients were ineligible–-one due to prior therapy and one due to a second malignancy. Three patients had an inadequate trial, and 7 were inevaluable for response, leaving 47 patients evaluable for toxicity and 40 patients evaluable for response. Thirty-seven patients had undergone hysterectomy, 30 had received radiation therapy, and 32 had received prior cisplatin-based chemotherapy. All patients were GOG performance status 0, 1, or 2. Results. Complete responses were observed in three (7.5%) and partial responses in three patients (7.5%), for a response rate of 15% (95% confidence interval for the true response rate was 5.5%-29.8%). Severe (Grade 3 or 4) leukopenia and anemia were seen in 25 and 4 patients, respectively. Severe thrombocytopenia was observed in 7 patients. Five patients had Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity, and one had Grade 3 renal impairment. Reversible alopecia was universal. Conclusions. This dose and schedule of ifosfamide and mesna is active in patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium failing platinum-based therapy. Phase II testing in untreated patients is under way. Cancer 1994; 73:1453–5.
5 – Distribution of Poverty, Union Membership, Class Positions, and Race and Gender Groups across Economic Sectors

Publisher Summary The economic structure of industries and companies is reflected in the organization of the workforce in a variety of ways. However, these structures are not always reflected in the ways that the literature suggests. On the issue of differential poverty across sectors, the findings are very strong and entirely in the expected direction. The periphery sector is the home of the working poor, a sector where losing one's job is not much more catastrophic than keeping it. The degree of union membership is also differentiated across sectors in the expected manner. Monopoly- and core-sector workers are highly unionized, whereas periphery- and local-sector workers remain relatively unorganized. Concerning the distribution of class positions across sectors, many of the expectations are in error. The oligopoly, core, and monopoly sectors are typified by large numbers of working class positions, but the superordinate positions are filled by professionals rather than by managers. The periphery and small shop sectors are typified by a less divergent class structure. These satellite sectors have all the major class and occupational positions well represented rather than embodying a sharp divergence between class positions. This class structure results from the more direct modes of labor control employed in these peripheral sectors.
Use of Bioadvantaged Materials for Use in Bituminous Modification

Historically, the use of “green” materials around the world has been limited due to their higher production costs when compared to petrochemical derived materials. However, due to the recent volatility and increasing price of petroleum derivatives, there is a growing demand for the use of environmentally friendly materials. One of the most commonly used materials for bitumen modification are poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS) type polymers. Recently, Iowa State University Chemical Engineering Department was able to synthesize thermoplastic elastomers using acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), a bioadvantaged replacement of butadiene, and styrene with the use of controlled radical polymerization techniques. Initial rheological tests conducted on the bitumen-polymer blends have shown that the biopolymers improve the complex shear modulus of the bitumen to a similar and even greater extent as the commercially available SBS polymers.
Light-Harvesting and Amplified Energy Transfer in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles are a class of nanoparticles with many useful and interesting properties, including very high fluorescence brightness, excellent photostability, and sensing capabilities. They also exhibit interesting and potentially useful phenomena, such as highly efficient energy transfer, anomalous single particle blinking, and twinkling phenomena associated with polaron motion. As little as one dye molecule per nanoparticle can efficiently quench the fluorescence of hundreds of polymer chromophore units. Similarly, loss of a single electron can result in quenching of hundreds of chromophores. These phenomena and properties are dictated by the nature of interactions between chromophores in this dense, nanoscale multichromophoric system, and are characterized as amplified energy transfer or multiple energy transfer. In this review, we summarize the key aspects of conjugated polymer nanoparticles optical properties and phenomena, and discuss the current understanding of exciton dynamics in these and related systems. In particular, our current understanding and theoretical models for amplified or multiple energy transfer based on exciton theory and Forster resonance energy transfer are explored.
Development of a Dry Medium for Isolation of Histomonas meleagridis in the Field

SUMMARY Blackhead disease is caused by Histomonas meleagridis, an anaerobic protozoan parasite, and results in mortality rates of up to 100% in turkeys and 30% in chickens. Outbreaks of blackhead disease are unpredictable, and the harvesting of H. meleagridis strains from the field would be a great resource for researchers to study its epidemiology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a dry medium that would allow storage at ambient temperatures until needed. Fifty milliliters of horse serum was dried and then mixed with dry medium M199 with Hanks balanced salts (10.6 g), sodium bicarbonate (0.35 g), and rice powder (0.8 g). To test the ability of reconstituted medium to support growth of H. meleagridis, groups of 10 flasks containing 0.2 g of dry medium were stored for 24 hr at 25 and 60 C before testing. Other groups of flasks containing dry medium were stored at 25, 37, and 42 C for 1, 3, or 6 mo. At each test period, the flasks were reconstituted with 10 ml of water, inoculated with ...
Prognostic significance of red blood cell distribution width in gastrointestinal disorders

The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a routinely measured and automatically reported blood parameter, which reflects the degree of anisocytosis. Recently, the baseline RDW was found to have clinical significance for assessing clinical outcome and severity of various pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, sepsis, cancers, leukemia, renal dysfunction and respiratory diseases. A myriad of factors, most of which ill-defined, have an impact on the red cell population dynamics (i.e., production, maturation and turnover). A delay in the red blood cell clearance in pathological conditions represents one of the leading determinants of increased anisocytosis. Further study of RDW may reveal new insight into inflammation mechanisms. In this review, we specifically discuss the current literature about the association of RDW in various disease conditions involving the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems. We also present some of the related measurements for their value in predicting clinical outcomes in such conditions. According to our data, RDW was found to be a valuable prognostic index in gastrointestinal disorders along with additional inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count) and current disease severity indices used in clinical practice.
Heme Protein Metabolism of NO and Nitrite

Abstract Heme proteins can both form and metabolize nitric oxide (NO). The predominant mechanism for NO scavenging by heme proteins is the dioxygenation reaction where NO reacts with oxygenated ferrous heme proteins, particularly hemoglobin and myoglobin, to form ferric heme and nitrate. The degree to which NO is scavenged by hemoglobin is largely limited by encapsulation of the hemoglobin in the red blood cell. With red blood cell hemolysis, the release of hemoglobin into plasma will reduce NO concentrations and impair endothelial-dependent NO signaling. NO binding to ferrous heme proteins also affects NO signaling and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by direct inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. In contrast, nitrite can react with deoxygenated ferrous heme proteins to form NO. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of nitrite reduction by hemoglobin and to the evidence that intraerythrocytic hemoglobin bioactivates nitrite, driving NO signaling under physiological and pathological hypoxia. Heme proteins thus regulate NO bioavailabilty via oxidative and reductive reactions with NO and nitrite, respectively.
Developing a Health Care System for Children in Foster Care.

In 2012, the Comprehensive Health Evaluations for Cincinnati’s Kids (CHECK) Center was launched at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center to provide health care for over 1,000 children placed into foster care each year in the Cincinnati community. This consultation model clinical program was developed because children in foster care have been difficult to manage in the traditional health care setting due to unmet health needs, missing medical records, cumbersome state mandates, and transient and impoverished social settings. This case study describes the history and creation of the CHECK Center, demonstrating the development of a successful foster care health delivery system that is inclusive of all community partners, tailored for the needs and resources of the community, and able to adapt and respond to new information and changing systems.
Dynamic Uniaxial Compression of HSLA-65 Steel at Elevated Temperatures

In the present study, the dynamic response of a high-strength, low alloy Grade 65 (HSLA-65) steel, used by the United States Navy for ship hull construction, is investigated under dynamic uniaxial compression at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000 °C using a novel elevated temperature split-Hopkinson pressure bar. These experiments are designed to probe the dynamic response of HSLA-65 steel in its single α-ferrite phase, mixed α + γ-austenite phase, and the single γ-austenite phase, as a function of temperature. The investigation is conducted at two different average strain rates—1450 and 2100/s. The experimental results indicate that at test temperatures in the range from room temperature to lower than 600 °C, i.e. prior to the development of the mixed α + γ phase, a net softening in flow strength is observed at all levels of plastic strain with increase in test temperatures. As the test temperatures are increased, the rate of this strain softening with temperature is observed to decrease, and at 600 °C the trend reverses itself resulting in an increase in flow stress at all strains tested. This increase in flow stress is understood be due to dynamic strain aging, where solute atoms play a distinctive role in hindering dislocation motion. At 800 °C, a (sharp) drop in the flow stress, equivalent to one-half of its value at room temperature, is observed. As the test temperature are increased to 900 and 1000 °C, further drop in flow stress are observed at all plastic strain levels. In addition, strain hardening in flow stress is observed at all test temperatures up to 600 °C; beyond 800 °C the rate of strain hardening is observed to decrease, with strain softening becoming dominant at temperatures of 900 °C and higher. Moreover, comparing the high strain rate stress versus strain data gathered on HSLA 65 in the current investigation with those available in the literature at quasi-static strain rates, strain-rate hardening can be inferred. The flow stress increases from 700 MPa at 8 × 10−4/s to 950 MPa at 1450/s and then to 1000 MPa at 2100/s at a strain of 0.1. Optical microscopy is used to understand evolution of microstructure in the post-test samples at the various test temperatures employed in the present study.
Univariate Discrete Distributions

(1996). Univariate Discrete Distributions. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 263-263.
Applying Function Transformations to Model Dynamic Systems

Being able to transform functions due to given conditions is an essential math skill. A preliminary survey of research on teaching transformations has shown that majority of assessment items gravitated toward predicting new graphs due to assigned shifts, compressions, or reflections. Real-life applications of these concepts were rarely discussed. The activity focuses on identifying possible transformations of trajectories of projected objects and constructing new functions. STEM context was provided in the form of a physics simulation Projectile Motion that is available for free at http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/projectile-motion/projectile-motion_en.html. Parabolic trajectories were generated by varying the parameters of the object’s initial velocity and its relative position. A group (N = 25) of pre-calculus students mathematized a parent-simulated trajectory and then used it to formulate algebraic functions of other trajectories. It was hypothesized that situating the concept of function transformation in an environment that related to students’ prior experience would enhance the purpose of formulating algebraic representations and explicate on applicability of transformation. Analysis of posttest results revealed that situating the learning in realistic contexts brought another dimension to understanding function transformations and infused a deeper understanding of the techniques of constructing transformed functions.
A systematic review of parent–child synchrony: It is more than skin deep

This manuscript provides a critical review of the literature on parent-child physiological synchrony-the matching of biological states between parents and children. All eligible studies found some evidence of physiological synchrony, though the magnitude and direction of synchrony varied according to methodological factors, including the physiological system examined (i.e., parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system activity, adrenocortical functioning) and the statistical approach used (e.g., multilevel modeling, correlation). The review underscores the need to consider the context in which physiological synchrony occurs (e.g., family risk) to best understand its significance. Furthermore, the review delineates vital avenues for future research, including the need to assess synchrony across multiple physiological systems and the importance of documenting continuity/change in physiological synchrony across developmental periods. Such research is crucial for understanding how the parent-child relationship unfolds at a physiological level and, in turn, how this relationship can facilitate or hinder parent, child, and family adjustment.
Urothelial Carcinoma in Transplanted, Pelvic, and End Stage Kidneys

The incidence of UTUC in congenital pelvic kidneys is not statistically different from the kidneys located in the true retroperitoneum with very few reported cases. The incidence of UTUC in transplanted kidneys depends on the pre-existing risks of the donor and those acquired by the recipient. The majority of these cases are reported from the Balkan region and Southeast Asia due to consumption of aristolochic acid. We will review the current available literature data in this chapter.
Some Reminiscences of Robert Cohen’s Physics Department

In 1961, three years after obtaining my doctorate at MIT, I was looking for the tenure-track faculty position I had always wanted. My first job had been a post-doctoral appointment at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, a position made particularly attractive by the fact that the director, Prof. M. Stanley Livingston, had been my registration officer during my graduate years. But now the machine was finished, I was neither a machine operator nor a high-energy physicist, and in any case I wanted the combination of research and teaching that a faculty position represents. What did one do in such a case? Well, one went to the New York Meeting of the American Physical Society, so called because it was then held in New York’s Manhattan Center and the neighboring Hotel New Yorker, the sixth floor of which was generally referred to as the flesh market because that’s where all the people who wanted to hire physicists had their suites and thus where all the unemployed foregathered. I well remember looking down the list of prospective employers and noting that with one exception, all were offering positions on what is colloquially called “soft money”. In 1961 almost everybody had some sort of government-sponsored laboratory, and although the list of such establishments and the projects they were engaged in was impressive, none were what I was looking for. The exception, however, was Boston University, which was hiring faculty to replace the large fraction of the physics department that had disappeared to form the Mitre Corporation, taking with it, probably to the relief of those remaining behind, the high-security, government-lab-type optics division and its U-2 camera development. Thus it was that I found myself walking into the smallest suite on the floor and coming face to face with the little man with the bright eyes who, as chairman of Boston University’s Physics Department, was presiding over the hiring desk.
Association Between the Rate of Diabetes and Quality of Patient Care in Home Health Agencies

The multitude of comorbidities and disabilities that are prevalent among diabetic patients make their care very challenging for providers. This, in turn, may have a negative effect on measures of p...
Generic and Brand-Name Thyroid Hormone Drug Use Among Commercially Insured and Medicare Beneficiaries, 2007 Through 2016

Context Generic drugs account for 9 out of 10 prescriptions dispensed in the United States but for a lower proportion of commonly prescribed thyroid hormone replacement therapies. Objective Characterize temporal patterns of generic and brand-name thyroid hormone drug use, including patient and prescriber characteristics associated with brand-name use. Design and setting Cross-sectional longitudinal analysis of national data from a large administrative claims database from January 2007 through December 2016. Patients Adults with insurance coverage through commercial, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare Part D health plans. Main outcome measures Generic and brand-name thyroid hormone drug use. Results From 2007 to 2016, the annual number of thyroid hormone treatment pharmacy fills increased from 8,905,836 in 2007 to 11,613,923 in 2016, 73.6% of which were for generic levothyroxine, 23.4% for brand-name levothyroxine, and the remaining for other formulations. Dispensing of generic thyroid hormone drugs increased from 59.8% in 2007 to 84.9% in 2016 and was consistently higher among Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D when compared with the commercial beneficiary population. For all three beneficiary populations, use of brand-name products was less common among older adults and more common among women and those receiving prescriptions from endocrinologists and was more common among those of white race and with greater household income for the Medicare Advantage and commercial beneficiary populations (P Conclusions Brand-name thyroid hormone product use declined from 2007 to 2016 among three large, national insurer beneficiary populations. Although certain patient characteristics were associated with brand-name use, prescriber specialty was the strongest predictor.
Flight simulation testing equipment for composite material systems

A test program is discussed which aims at establishing the time-temperature-stress characteristics of several classes of high-temperature composite materials in order to determine their suitability for applications in supersonic cruise aircraft. Five advanced composite materials (a boron epoxy, a boron polyimide, a graphite epoxy, a graphite polyimide, and diffusion-bonded boron aluminum) are being evaluated using a flight-test simulator capable of long-term automatic testing based on random loading and realistic flight temperature profiles. The design, construction, and checkout of this simulator are described along with the digital load programmer, load magnitude controllers, the hydraulic pumping system, the heating and cooling systems, the control console, and the data recording system. Typical results for short-term tests performed at constant temperatures and accelerated load rates are presented in terms of a random-load spectrum and a wearout model.
Therapeutics of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with nasal continuous positive airways pressure combined with pulmonary surfactant

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NC-PAP) and surfactant administration in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) Methods A prospective randomized study was conducted, in which infants <32 weeks' gestation with NRDS were random-ized to the aurfactant-NCPAP (S-N) group or the surfactant-mechanical ventialtion (S-M) group. Results At 7 days after birth, 1 infant (6.25%) in the S-N group and 8 infants (47.00%) in the S-M group were still undergo-ing mechanical ventilation. The duration of oxygen therapy, NCPAP and mechanical ventilation,the need for a sec-ond dose of surfactant, and the days of staying in the intensive care unit were significantly greater in the S-M group. Conclusions The immediate application of NCPAP after surfactant administration for infants with NRDS is safe and beneficial. Key words: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure; Mechanical ventilation; Pulmonary surfactant; Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
A Method for Finding Missing Unit Tests

Because tests are important to the development process, developers need to know when a test suite is missing tests. Missing tests—tests that should be included in a test suite but are not—reduce the utility that developers can derive from a test suite. Currently, developers find missing tests by using coverage information such as line coverage or mutation coverage. However, coverage metrics are limited in their ability to reveal missing tests and show only what code needs to be tested, not how to test it.We present a method for finding missing tests that addresses the shortcomings of coverage metrics based on the fact that similar code entities are often tested in the same way. We are able to find what code is missing tests by identifying code entities which are not tested in the same way as other similar entities. We then show how a code entity with a missing test should be tested by leveraging the tests written for those similar entities. Our results show that our approach offers several benefits over a coverage-based approach and is able to find missing tests in a range of software projects while generating few erroneous identifications of missing tests.
Point-hyperplane incidence geometry and the log-rank conjecture.

We study the log-rank conjecture from the perspective of incidence geometry and present a reformulation as well as a strengthening. The reformulation involves point sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that are covered in many ways by constant sized sets of parallel hyperplanes. We show that the log-rank conjecture is equivalent to the implication that all such configurations contain a subspace that accounts for a large fraction of the incidences, in the sense of containing a large fraction of the points and being contained in a large fraction of the hyperplanes. In other words the log-rank conjecture is equivalent to asserting that the point-hyperplane incidence graph for such configurations has a large complete bipartite subgraph. The strengthening of the log-rank conjecture comes from relaxing the requirements that the set of hyperplanes be parallel. Motivated by the connections above we revisit some well-studied questions in point-hyperplane incidence geometry and present some improvements. We give a simple probabilistic argument for the existence of complete bipartite subgraphs of density $\Omega(\epsilon^{2d}/d)$ in any $d$-dimensional configuration with incidence density $\epsilon$, matching previously known results qualitatively. We also improve an upper-bound construction of Apfelbaum and Sharir, yielding a configuration whose complete bipartite subgraphs are exponentially small and whose incidence density is $\Omega(1/\sqrt d)$.
Laser Capture Proteomics: Spatial Tissue Molecular Profiling from the bench to personalized medicine.

Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) uses a laser to isolate, or capture, specific cells of interest in a complex heterogeneous tissue section, under direct microscopic visualization. Recently there has been a surge of publications using LCM for tissue spatial molecular profiling relevant to a wide range of research topics. Areas covered We summarize the many advances in tissue Laser Capture Proteomics (LCP) using mass spectrometry for discovery, and protein arrays for signal pathway network mapping. This review emphasizes: a) Transition of LCM phosphoproteomics from the lab to the clinic for individualized cancer therapy, and b) the emerging frontier of LCM single cell molecular analysis combining proteomics with genomic, and transcriptomic analysis. The search strategy was based on the combination of MeSH terms with expert refinement. Expert opinion LCM is complemented by a rich set of instruments, methodology protocols, and analytical A.I. (artificial intelligence) software for basic and translational research. Resolution is advancing to the tissue single cell level. A vision for the future evolution of LCM is presented. Emerging LCM technology is combining digital and AI guided remote imaging with automation, and telepathology, to a achieve multi-omic profiling that was not previously possible.
Antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Muenchen

The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial resistance pattern and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Muenchen from human and swine. Previously, we reported two predominant multi-drug resistant (MDR) patterns common among Salmonella isolates from swine. In this study we report serovar Muenchen, to have MDR pattern similar to Typhimurium and with expanded spectrum in swine (AmCmStSuTeKm). This pattern is more frequent among isolates from swine (with 46% frequency) while most of isolates from human were pansusceptible (only one isolate with MDR to 10 antimicrobials). Genotyping using PFGE revealed swine and human isolates clustered separately from each other. We identified class-I integrons among nine S. Muenchen isolates from swine and single isolate from human using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We propose that interserovar exchange of resistance genes might be responsible for emergence of MDR strains among serovars not previously showing MDR. Further molecular investigations are underway.
Optical Properties of Coherent Transients which are Stimulated by Picosecond Pulses at Three Frequencies

The coherent transient effects such as optical nutation, free induction decay, photon echoes, pulses formed by probe pulses, Carr-Purcell echoes, phase conjugation, etc. can be expected to be generated by picosecond pulses. Some of these effects have been observed already [1]. Many of these nonlinear effects are due to coherent space phase as well as time-phase information which is stored in the off diagonal density matrix elements and become observable via the electric polarization. In a somewhat more subtle manner space phase information can be stored in the diagonal density matrix elements and lead to phenomena such as forward or backward phase conjugation, probe pulse effects, etc. Thus the decay of both the diagonal and off diagonal density matrix elements can be measured. This paper is primarily concerned with the optical properties of the waves which are generated by picosecond pulses at three frequencies, ω1, ω2, ω3 between energy states a, b, c, d which are shown in Fig. 1. Three wave effects are considered since the sum frequency is an allowed electric dipole transition for gases, isotropic liquids, and cubic solids.
THE MAST CELL : A NEUROIMMUNOENDOCRINE MASTER PLAYER

This review of the literature on mast cells (MC) suggests that when activated they may play a central role in disease syndromes with a neural, immune and endocrine component exacerbated under stress. After a discussion of their biology, differential secretions and interaction with neurons, the effect of stress in causing MC degranulation is emphasized. The importance of MC in syndromes such as migraine, multiple sclerosis, interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome is assessed, along with possible therapeutic possibilities with compounds that inhibit MC activation.
Introduction: Practical Applications and Critical Perspectives in International

The practice of family law has become globalized. Lawyers inevitably encounter clients whose family law problems extend beyond national boundaries. Increasingly, the laws of more than one country must be taken into account. More and more, lawyers confront international adoption, child abduction, divorce, custody and domestic violence. Globalization is transforming family law. As the United Nations notes, families are the primary unit of social organization, and families are changing, trying to adapt to new demands and new mobility. Workers follow jobs, leave their families behind and sometimes start new families in their new countries. Women seek asylum as refugees, fleeing domestic violence. Child abductions have increased as parents of different nationalities divorce, and both want their children to be raised in their own national traditions. such as the recognition of marriage, child custody jurisdiction, enforcement of foreign support awards, and international adoptions. Children are torn, not only between parents, but between cultures. Courts attempt to adapt homegrown rules to exotic contexts. Clients call with support orders from foreign courts, ‘agreements' that might or might not be recognized domestically as such, grounds for divorce no longer actionable in most states, and custody awards that are problematic under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA). Family lawyers increasingly find themselves dealing with the upheavals of globalization on the ground.This Symposium should help. It began as a panel at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Law Schools in January 2004, co-sponsored by the Sections on Family and Juvenile Law and International Law, and drew on experts from each. Those who pick up this Symposium for guidance on a particular narrow question may at first be disappointed that their question is not directly addressed. Even if the authors do not answer a particular question, however, they may well cite a text, or a Web site, or suggest an analytical framework that will bring a workable resolution closer. Equally important, they demonstrate the crucial role of the family law practitioner in shaping international family law.
Use of a physical metric for OPERA experiment

A physical metric is introduced as one that directly gives experimental data without further coordinate transformation. It will be shown that the geodesic equation for the Schwartzschild metric does not give the correct expression for the Shapiro time delay experiment. In the physical metric the speed of light on the surface of the earth is exactly the same as that in vacuum to first order in gravity, and this should eliminate the inconsistency of the speed of the neutrino exceeding that of light, if enough care is exerted in the discussion.
Regulation of alpha 1 (I)-collagen gene expression in response to cell adhesion in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts

Nonadhesive conditions cause Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts to enter a quiescent state that is reversed upon reattachment to a surface. Previously, we demonstrated that adhesion in serum-free conditions is sufficient to activate suspension-arrested cells out of Go, with the induction of the growth-associated genes, c-fos, c-myc, and actin. In this study, we have employed this system to identify programs of gene expression that respond primarily to the adhesive state of the cell, rather than the growth state. We show that cells in different adhesive states can be distinguished by their patterns of protein synthesis. Analysis of one adhesion-responsive protein led to its identification as pro-alpha 1 (I)-collagen. Pro-alpha 1 (I)-collagen synthesis and mRNA levels are decreased up to 6-fold in suspension-arrested fibroblasts, but are enhanced up to 5-fold as cells approach confluence. This suggests that the reduced expression in suspension-arrested cells is not simply a result of quiescence. In addition, reattachment of suspended cells in serum-free conditions caused a 7-fold induction of collagen mRNA levels and a greater than 20-fold rise in the rate of procollagen synthesis. The expression of c-myc was induced during adhesion in serum-free medium as well as by serum addition to suspension-arrested cells. However, alpha 1 (I)-collagen gene expression was unaffected by serum in the absence of adhesion. These results indicate that collagen gene expression is directly responsive to cell adhesion, independent of the growth state.
Talbot effect for whispering gallery modes and modes of tubular waveguides

We work suggests a natural example of a one-index set of modes, for which the Talbot type effect must be quite pronounced. Consider first a tubular waveguide. One may think of it as of a planar waveguide of a small thickness d, which is rolled up into a circular pipe of the radius R, such that R is greater than or equal to d. The thickness d is assumed to be so small that the original planar waveguide supports only one transverse mode. Then, the field in this pipe has natural azimuthal periodicity. This results in the Talbot-type self-reproduction.
Behavioral and neurochemical effects of chronic administration of reserpine and SKF-38393 in rats

Alterations in the density of dopamine receptor subtypes and behaviors mediated by the D1-selective agonist SKF-38393 were examined in rats treated chronically with reserpine, SKF-38393 or the combination of these drugs. Animals received either vehicle or reserpine (1 mg/kg s.c.) on days 1 to 28 and, in addition, half of each of these groups were treated with vehicle and half were treated with SKF-38393 (5-10 mg/kg s.c.) on days 15 to 29. Quantitative autoradiographic measurement of D1 receptors labeled with [3H]SCH-23390 and D2 receptors labeled with [3H]spiroperidol revealed that chronic administration of reserpine increased the density of both receptor subtypes in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen, but not in the substantia nigra. Chronic administration of SKF-38393 alone did not alter D1 receptor density in any of these regions. However, chronic administration of the agonist in reserpinized animals decreased D1 receptor density in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the caudate-putamen or substantia nigra, demonstrating that this partial agonist can selectively down-regulate D1 receptors when endogenous dopaminergic tone is removed. The chronic drug treatments also altered behavioral responses. Chronic administration of SKF-38393 alone produced sensitization of the oral dyskinesia response elicited by a challenge injection of the agonist, but no significant change in the grooming response. Acute administration of SKF-38393 in rats treated with reserpine for 14 days produced stereotypy which was not altered after chronic administration of the agonist. Surprisingly, chronic administration of reserpine alone produced a spontaneous oral dyskinesia, which was blocked dose-dependently by the D2-selective antagonist spiroperidol. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.
Coordinated Active Thermal Management and Selective Catalytic Reduction Control for Simultaneous Fuel Economy Improvement and Emissions Reduction During Low-Temperature Operations

The low-temperature operations of diesel engines and aftertreatment systems have attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to the stringent diesel emission regulations and excessive tailpipe emissions at low temperatures. The removal of NOx emissions using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems during low-temperature operations remains a significant challenge. One of the popular techniques for alleviating this issue is to employ active thermal management via in-cylinder postinjection to promote aftertreatment system temperatures. Meanwhile, numerous studies have focused on ammonia coverage ratio controls with the aim to maintain high NOx conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip. However, most of the active thermal management and SCR controls in the existing literatures were separately and conservatively designed, which can lead to higher cost of SCR operation than needed including diesel fuel consumption through active thermal management and urea solution consumption. The main purpose of this study is to design and coordinate active thermal management and SCR control using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach to minimize the total cost of SCR operation while obtaining high NOx conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the baseline control which consists of separated active thermal management and SCR control, the coordinated control is capable of reducing the total cost of SCR operation by 25.6% while maintaining the tailpipe NOx emissions and ammonia slip at comparable levels. Such an innovative coordinated control design concept shows its promise in achieving low tailpipe emissions during low-temperature operations in a cost-effective fashion.
Canaries in a Global Coal Mine

Moller, Anders P., Wolfgang Fiedler, and Peter Berthold. 2006. Birds and climate change. Elsevier, Burlington, Massachusetts. xvi + 251 p. $49.95, ISBN: 978-0-12-373614-7 (alk. paper).
White-collar crime and the justice department: The institutionalization of a concept

The sudden and unexpected incorporation of white-collar crime as a top investigative priority of the U.S. Justice Department of the 1970s is the focus of this inquiry. This pursuit of white-collar crime is especially problematic for instrumentalist and structuralist variants of conflict theory, which generally view the origins of law in terms of the interests of a ruling or capitalist class. This apparent contradiction between official concern for white-collar crime and instrumentalist and structuralist theories of law creation is examined in the context of the “discovery” of white-collar crime by the Justice Department. It is noted that in the process of operationalizing white-collar crime, the Justice Department transformed the traditional (Sutherland) definition of white-collar crime so that targeted offenders are not limited to the economic and political elite, but instead are drawn from all social classes. This modification of the definition has far-reaching implications for assessing the nature of the Justice Department's response to the problem of elite crime and provides insight into the ongoing theoretical debate on the origins of law.
Effect of moderate arterio-venous shunt on regional extraction, blood flow and oxygen consumption in the dog heart

The effects of a moderate sized arterio-venous shunt on the relationship of oxygen supply to consumption were studied on a regional basis in the dog left ventricle. Experiments were conducted on fourteen hearts, seven in control pentobarbital-anaesthetised, open-chest dogs and seven in dogs with an additional abdominal aorto-caval shunt. Regional oxygen extraction was determined by a microspectrophotometric method and coronary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. The shunt, when opened, allowed cardiac output to increase by 50%. This was accomplished by increasing stroke volume, not heart rate. In control animals the subendocardium exhibited higher oxygen extraction, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption than did the subepicardium. There were no differences between base and apex. In open-shunt animals, subepicardial-subendocardial differences in extraction, flow and consumption were abolished. Subepicardial values for these in shunt animals were not different from the values obtained for the subepicardial values of controls. The subendocardium of shunt animals exhibited significant differences between base and apex for blood flow and oxygen consumption. There was a significant difference in subendocardial oxygen consumption between groups, the effect of the arterio-venous shunt being to reduce subendocardial consumption, especially in the apex, without reducing subepicardial oxygen consumption.
Average effect of a mutation in lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine.

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) is a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the final step of lignin subunit biosynthesis in higher plants. Recently, a mutant allele of the cad gene, cad-n1, encoding for the CAD enzyme, was discovered in loblolly pine. By reducing the expression of the cad gene, this mutant has a decreased lignin content and major changes in the lignin composition in wood. In this study, we found that the substitution of a wild-type allele by cad-n1 was associated with a significant effect on 2nd-year shoot elongation in a half-sib family of loblolly pine (designated family 7-1037). The average effect of cad-n1 appeared to increase with tree growth and was greater for stem radial growth than height growth. An increase of 14.1% in de-barked volume in year 4 was associated with cad-n1. Co-segregation analysis indicated that the cad locus itself might represent a gene that governs stem growth in pine. The significance of the mutation cad-n1 for tree growth and wood processing is discussed.
Let's talk: a narrative of mental illness, recovery, and the psychotherapist's personal treatment

This article describes the author's experience in psychotherapy, beginning as a suicidal teenager with a dismal prognosis, through 5 years of hospitalization, including shock treatment that erased most memory before age 20, through an Ivy League education, and successful professional career. Retraumatization triggered by reading her hospital records 40 years later adds a unique perspective, as the author watched, but could not control, a process within herself that she regularly addressed as therapist with her own patients. Healing aspects of relationships with three psychodynamic psychotherapists (two psychiatrists and a social worker), credited with her survival and success, are examined. A dramatic interview with Harold Searles, her psychiatrist's supervisor, and its role in her recovery is considered. Lasting lessons concerning the healing aspects of psychotherapy, the effects of repressed early trauma encountered late in life, the need to counter stigma, and the value of personal psychotherapy are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–13, 2011.
Patient preferences in access to breast reconstruction

Abstract Background Patient access to breast reconstruction is an important component of comprehensive breast cancer care. There is currently considerable variability in the timing of consultation with a plastic and reconstructive surgeon after the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. This study aims to elucidate patients' preferences for the timing of plastic surgery consultation as part of the preoperative evaluation and planning process. Methods A 16-question electronic survey instrument was developed based on formative patient comments and discussion between the breast oncology and plastic surgery teams. The survey was administered to all patients referred to the plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic for initial reconstructive consultation during the study period. Results A total of 31 responses were collected. The largest number of patients (48%) indicated they would prefer to see a plastic surgeon 1 wk after their first consultation with a breast surgeon. Only one patient reported a desire to see both surgeons on the same day. Most patients indicated that having a family member or friend accompany them to the appointment (45%) and having time to process their cancer diagnosis before seeing the plastic surgeon (32%) were key factors in deciding when they would like to discuss reconstruction. Conclusions Most patients in our study indicated a preference for delay between initial consultation with a breast surgeon and initial consultation with a plastic surgeon. Incorporating patient preferences into the preoperative evaluation and planning process allows patients to optimize available support from loved ones and to begin coping with their diagnosis.
Faculty Members in Ad/PR Perceive Discrimination in Academia.

Abstract The members of AEJMC's Advertising and Public Relations Divisions say they are treated fairly by their chairs, but are not always respected and treated fairly by others. When asked about 10 aspects of academia, members of the Public Relations Division said their schools favor their news/editorial faculties in 9 of the areas.
P76. Imaging hematopoietic regeneration in real-time

Although we have learned a great deal about the phenotype and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, we have remained largely in the dark about the dynamic behavior of these cells in context of their native microenvironment. Here we describe a strategy that combines the use of transgenic mice with live microscopy to allow in vivo imaging of hematopoietic cell behavior in real time. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the system has allowed us to visualize the living hematopoietic tissue with exceptional clarity and track the architecture and dynamics of cell division, cell migration and cell death. Using this approach we have compared the kinetics of regeneration following two distinct forms of injury: chemotherapy and radiation. While chemotherapy led to a clear loss of hematopoietic cells, much of the microenvironment remained intact allowing for rapid recovery; in contrast, radiation exposure resulted in extensive destruction of both hematopoietic cells and the microenvironment, and was associated with delayed recovery. Imaging of the early events that occurred in each type of injury revealed an unexpected activation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow following chemotherapy, but not radiation. Importantly, ectopic delivery of these cells following radiation markedly enhanced both short-term hematopoietic recovery as well as long-term survival of mice receiving a limiting transplant dose, identifying myeloid cells as an important component of injury repair and regeneration. Thus, the development of this high-resolution in vivo imaging approach provides a unique view within the living organism and can be a powerful tool for gaining new insight into the regulation of fundamental biological processes such as homeostasis and regeneration.