cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Handling resource constraints and scalability in continuous query processing

Recent years have witnessed a rapid rise of a new class of data-intensive applications in which data arrive as transient, high-volume streams. Financial data processing, network monitoring, and sensor networks are all examples of such applications. Traditional relational database systems model data as persistent relations, but for this new class of applications, it is more appropriate to model data as unbounded streams with continuously arriving tuples. The stream data model necessitates a new style of queries called continuous queries. Unlike a one-time query executed over a single finite and static database state, a continuous query continuously generates new result tuples as new stream tuples arrive. This dissertation tackles a range of challenges that arise in processing continuous queries. Specifically, for resource-constrained settings, this dissertation proposes techniques for coping with response-time and memory constraints. To scale to a large number of continuous queries running concurrently, this dissertation proposes techniques for indexing continuous queries as data, and processing and optimizing incoming stream tuples as queries over such data. A common theme underlying most of these techniques is exploiting the characteristics of the data and the continuous queries, e.g., asymmetry in the costs of processing different streams, temporal trends in the values of stream attributes, and clusteredness that arises in a large number of continuous queries.
Address to Guests

First of all I want to express my deep appreciation to all of you former students, faculty, colleagues, and friends for attending this symposium. I want to especially thank those of you who contributed invited papers, particularly David Young, who worked with me at Aberdeen Proving Grounds in 1951 and later at TRW in California; Carl deBoor, whom I recruited as a faculty member in 1966 and who later coauthored with me a best selling textbook in numerical analysis; Peter Denning, who joined the department in 1972 and later became head of the department; and finally I owe a special thanks to John Rice both for his outstanding contributions to the computer science department as a faculty member and department head and for conceiving and organizing this symposium.
General Observations and Impressions

An important aspect of the “NATO Workshop on the Science and Technology of the Undercooled Melt”, one which sets this workshop in an unique position, is the focus upon undercooling as the key parameter in the rapid solidification process. Lectures and discussions centered on the considerable recent progress in exploring the bounds of the physical processes which are possible in highly undercooled melts. This attention to basics should provide practical dividends by yielding guidance to technologists in improving both processes for rapid solidification as well as strategies for optimal alloy designs that will benefit from such processing. Indeed, it was shown and discussed that a considerable range of rapid solidification microstructures can now be rationalized from rather basic solidification principles. The complexities of metastability and non-equilibrium processes were also addressed in providing more satisfying explanations of structures observed thus far by rapid freezing. It still remains to establish “hard” limits on undercooling and nucleation as well as incorporating the hydrodynamic state of the melt, especially in processes such as planar flow casting and melt spinning. These are obvious areas for future research. The WORKSHOP also clearly showed that rapid solidification is only one link - albeit an important one - in the overall chain of technological application and end-use.
Phosphothreonine (pThr)-Based Multifunctional Peptide Catalysis for Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations of Cyclobutanones

Biologically inspired phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptides that function as chiral Bronsted acid catalysts for enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations (BV) of cyclobutanones with aqueous H2O2 are reported herein. Complementary to traditional BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs), the functional diversity of the peptidic scaffold provides the opportunity for multiple points of contact with substrates via hydrogen bonding, and the ease of peptide synthesis facilitates rapid diversification of the catalyst structure, such that numerous unique peptide-based CPA catalysts have been prepared. Utilizing a hypothesis-driven design, we identified a pThr-based catalyst that contains an N-acylated diaminopropionic acid (Dap) residue, which achieves high enantioselectivity with catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol%. The power of peptide-based multi-site binding is further exemplified through reversal in the absolute stereochemical outcome upon repositioning of the substrate-directing group (ortho- to meta). Modifications to the i+3 residue (LDap to LPhe) lead to an observed enantiodivergence without inversion of any stereogenic center on the peptide catalyst, due to noncovalent interactions. Structure-selectivity and 1H-1H-ROESY studies revealed that the proposed hydrogen bonding interactions are essential for high levels of enantioinduction. The ability for the phosphopeptides to operate as multifunctional oxidation catalysts expands the scope of pThr catalysts and provides a framework for the future selective diversification of more complex substrates, including natural products.
Effects of selective auditory-nerve damage on the behavioral audiogram and temporal integration in the budgerigar.

Abstract Auditory-nerve fibers are lost steadily with age and as a possible consequence of noise-induced glutamate excitotoxicity. Auditory-nerve loss in the absence of other cochlear pathologies is thought to be undetectable with a pure-tone audiogram while degrading real-world speech perception (hidden hearing loss). Perceptual deficits remain unclear, however, due in part to the limited behavioral capacity of existing rodent models to discriminate complex sounds. The budgerigar is an avian vocal learner with human-like behavioral sensitivity to many simple and complex sounds and the capacity to mimic speech. Previous studies in this species show that intracochlear kainic-acid infusion reduces wave 1 of the auditory brainstem response by 40–70%, consistent with substantial excitotoxic auditory-nerve damage. The present study used operant-conditioning procedures in trained budgerigars to quantify kainic-acid effects on tone detection across frequency (0.25–8 kHz; the audiogram) and as a function of duration (20–160 ms; temporal integration). Tone thresholds in control animals were lowest from 1 to 4 kHz and decreased with increasing duration as in previous studies of the budgerigar. Behavioral results in kainic-acid-exposed animals were as sensitive as in controls, suggesting preservation of the audiogram and temporal integration despite auditory-nerve loss associated with up to 70% wave 1 reduction. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions were also preserved in kainic-acid exposed animals, consistent with normal hair-cell function. These results highlight considerable perceptual resistance of tone-detection performance with selective auditory-nerve loss. Future behavioral studies in budgerigars with auditory-nerve damage can use complex speech-like stimuli to help clarify aspects of auditory perception impacted by this common cochlear pathology.
FAMILY MATTERS: CULTURAL PROFICIENCY IN THE PRESENT DAY

Introduction The United States is projected to have over 78 million people over the age of 65 by the year 2035, with an increasing rise in culturally, ethnically, and racially diverse population largely driven by international immigration. An important aspect of assessment and treatment in geriatric psychiatry is the ability to include family members into evaluations and treatment plans. Cultural sensitivity about beliefs, traditions, and perceptions on aging and mental illness play an important role in understanding and treating psychiatric disorders and increases the probability of a therapeutic relationship by enhancing trust and improving communication between clinicians and patients. Although there is mention of “family” and “sociocultural” in all six ACGME core competencies, these are not explicitly expanded upon. With the changing demographics in the US in the years to come, it is imperative to recognize and incorporate more elements of family and culture into training. Methods Demonstrate, through a series of case vignettes, the impact of addressing cultural expectations and context with family members and patients to improve clinical outcomes. Personal factors of race and ethnicity, along with cultural biases, will be identified to show how these factors influence the therapeutic alliance and interventions. Results These vignettes illustrate how establishing a sense of cultural safety allowed both the families and patients to collaborate more openly with the treatment team to provide effective therapeutic outcomes for culturally diverse older adults. Recognition and understanding of how culture influences family dynamics, beliefs, and support systems allowed trainees to more comprehensively understand the cultural formulation and guide treatments that were more culturally sensitive and pertinent to various psychiatric disorders. Conclusions In depth training during psychiatry residency regarding family and culture are often lacking, especially since the ACGME requirements for training related to diversity and culture are broad and not explicitly stated. By recognizing the important role that families and culture play in the treatment of older adults, residents can more easily address sensitive issues that affect treatment outcomes. As such, training programs should have more detailed didactics and curriculum to help residents feel more comfortable sitting with and including families, as well as understanding and acknowledging how culture influences the care of diverse older adults.
dl-alpha-Tocopheryl succinate enhances the effect of gamma-irradiation on neuroblastoma cells in culture.

The effect of dl-..cap alpha..-tocopheryl (vitamin E) succinate in modifying the radiation response of mouse neuroblastoma (NBP/sub 2/) and mouse fibroblast (L-cells) cells in culture was studied on the criterion of growth inhibition (due to cell death and inhibition of cell division). Results show that vitamin E succinate markedly enhanced the effect of /sub 60/CO-..gamma..-irradiation on NB cells, but it did not significantly modify the effect of irradiation on mouse fibroblasts. Sodium succinate plus ethanol (0.25% final concentration) did not modify the radiation response of NB cells or fibroblasts. Butylated hydroxyanisole, a lipid soluble antioxidant, also enhanced the effect of irradiation on NB cells, indicating that the effect of vitamin E in modifying the radiation response may be mediated, in part, by antioxidation mechanisms.
Fragile Patterns: The Archaeology of the Western Papaguería Edited by Jeffrey H. Altschul and Adrianne G. Rankin. SRI Press, Tucson, 2008.

(2010). Fragile Patterns: The Archaeology of the Western Papagueria Edited by Jeffrey H. Altschul and Adrianne G. Rankin. SRI Press, Tucson, 2008. Heritage Management: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 105-111.
Backstepping approach for design of PID controller with guaranteed performance for micro-air UAV

Flight controllers for micro-air UAVs are generally designed using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) methods, where the tuning of gains is difficult and time-consuming, and performance is not guaranteed. In this paper, we develop a rigorous method based on the sliding mode analysis and nonlinear backstepping to design a PID controller with guaranteed performance. This technique provides the structure and gains for the PID controller, such that a robust and fast response of the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) for trajectory tracking is achieved. First, the second-order sliding variable errors are used in a rigorous nonlinear backstepping design to obtain guaranteed performance for the nonlinear UAV dynamics. Then, using a small angle approximation and rigorous geometric manipulations, this nonlinear design is converted into a PID controller whose structure is naturally determined through the backstepping procedure. PID gains that guarantee robust UAV performance are finally computed from the sliding mode gains and from stabilizing gains for tracking error dynamics. We prove that the desired Euler angles of the inner attitude controller loop are related to the dynamics of the outer backstepping tracker loop by inverse kinematics, which provides a seamless connection with existing built-in UAV attitude controllers. We implement the proposed method on actual UAV, and experimental flight tests prove the validity of these algorithms. It is seen that our PID design procedure yields tighter UAV performance than an existing popular PID control technique.
Complete Genome Sequence Resource for the Necrotrophic Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum WPP14

Pectobacterium spp. are a major cause of loss in vegetable and ornamental plant production. One of these species, Pectobacterium carotovorum, can cause soft rot disease on many plants, particularly potato. These diseases lead to significant economic loss and pose food security threats by reducing crop yields in the field, in transit, and during storage. The Gram-negative enterobacterium P. carotovorum WPP14 is a particularly virulent strain for which there is no available closed genome, limiting the molecular research for this important pathogen. Here, we report a high-quality complete and annotated genome sequence of P. carotovorum WPP14. The 4,892,225-bp genome was assembled with Nanopore reads and polished with Illumina reads, yielding 394× and 164× coverage, respectively. This closed genome provides a resource for research on improved detection and biology of P. carotovorum, which could translate into improved disease management.
A Test of Neo-Fisherism: 1964–2019

Neo-Fisherism, the theory that monetary authorities should expect inflation rates to be positively and causally related to their targeted nominal interest rates, is reviewed and empirically investigated. Using several different measures of interest rates and inflation we analyze US monthly data from January 1964 to April 2019. Granger causality tests are performed in search of a Neo-Fisherist impact of interest rates causally impacting inflation or the reverse. The full period is reviewed and is also divided into three sub-periods: the period before the Federal Reserve targeted federal funds rate at 25 basis points (labeled here as the effective lower bound, ELB), the ELB period, and the post-ELB period. Prior to the effective lower bound, we find evidence largely supporting the classical view of causality from inflation to interest rates, however the relationship is bidirectional depending on the measurement of inflation and interest rates. During the ELB, we find moderate evidence in support of Neo-Fisherism. In this period, federal funds rate Granger-cause changes in inflation as measured using the CPI and Core CPI. In contrast, during the effective lower bound period, the standard classical result holds when considering the Shadow federal funds rate. In the period following the effective lower bound, the standard relationship is found as well, in which inflation granger causes movements in the interest rates. Overall, the results regarding causality between interest rates and inflation largely support the classical view of causality but are dependent on data measurements and the observed time period.
Abstract B19: Neurofibromin 2 regulates metabolism in the heart

Introduction: Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor that can engage the Hippo signaling pathway and modulate cell proliferation and survival. We previously demonstrated that NF2 mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and injury caused by acute myocardial infarction (MI) through inhibition of the Hippo target YAP. However, the function of NF2 in the heart remains largely uncharacterized. Our current study sought to determine whether NF2 contributes to cardiac remodeling, dysfunction, and heart failure due to chronic stress. Methods and Results: We used a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model in WT C57BL/6J mice to generate chronic pressure overload (PO) stress, which elicits cardiac hypertrophy, remodeling, and eventually heart failure. We found that NF2 is transiently upregulated in mouse myocardium in response to PO stress. To investigate if increased NF2 contributes to pathology, we used cardiomyocyte-specific NF2 knockout (cKO) mice. At baseline, adult NF2 cKO mice had normal cardiac morphology and function. However, following TAC, NF2 cKO hearts unexpectedly showed worsened cardiac function, assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis, compared to littermate controls. Interestingly, no differences in the extent of TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy or cardiomyocyte apoptosis were observed between NF2 cKO and control mice. To investigate the mechanism underlying the NF2 cKO phenotype, we performed RNAseq. Our analysis indicated downregulation of several metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in unstressed NF2 cKO hearts, which was confirmed by qPCR. We also determined that ATP content in NF2 cKO hearts was significantly reduced at baseline compared to control mice. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are important regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic function. RNAseq revealed the downregulation of ERRβ and ERRγ in NF2 cKO hearts, which was confirmed by qPCR. Experiments in neonatal cardiomyocytes confirmed that regulation of ERRβ and ERRγ expression by NF2 is cell autonomous. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that modulation of NF2 regulates ERR function in cardiomyocytes. We also found that YAP activation is enhanced in NF2 cKO hearts and cardiomyocytes deficient for NF2. Co-IP analysis indicated that YAP associates with components of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cardiomyocytes, which may mediate targeted gene suppression. Conclusion: Myocardial NF2 expression is upregulated and may be compensatory during PO stress through preservation of metabolic gene expression and energy content in the heart. Citation Format: Yu Zhang, Wataru Mizushima, Shinichi Oka, Peiyong Zhai, Dominic Del Re. Neurofibromin 2 regulates metabolism in the heart [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
Quasi-Optical Characterization of Low-Loss Polymers at 300 GHz for Vacuum Window Applications

We report on the measurements of the complex refractive index of a number of low-loss polymers using a quasi-optical vector network analyzer operating in the frequency range of 210–370 GHz. The process of extracting both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive indexes is presented in this article, along with the method of error estimation. The measured refractive indexes of 25 different material samples, as well as the estimated error and the loss tangents of thicker samples, are tabulated. For selected materials, loss tangents have also been confirmed using the method of intersecting lines, which measures the additional input noise to a superconductor–insulator–superconductor receiver due to the dielectric sample. The data obtained from this work will be useful for the design of low-loss vacuum windows for cryogenic receivers operating in the 300-GHz range.
Sensitization of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by a helium gas discharge tube

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain cancers. Chemotherapy is a standard modality for its therapy. Here, we demonstrated a novel strategy using a helium gas discharge tube as a tunable electromagnetic emission source to sensitize glioblastoma cells to the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ), a widely used drug for glioblastoma. After a single 7-min of treatment, the efficacy of TMZ was enhanced in two typical glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and A172 without affecting a normal human astrocyte cell line hTERT/E6/E7. The discharge tube is a non-invasive approach, which provides a safe, controllable, stable, and low-cost modality to improve the conventional chemotherapy.
Telemedicine in vascular surgery during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: A multisite healthcare system experience.

Abstract Objective To assess the introduction of telemedicine as an alternative to the traditional face-to-face encounters with vascular surgery patients in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on face-to-face and telemedicine interactions was conducted at a multisite health care system from January to August 2020 in vascular surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The end point is direct patient satisfaction comparison between face-to-face and telemedicine encounters/interactions prior and during the pandemic. Results There were 6262 patient encounters from January 1, 2020, to August 6, 2020. Of the total encounters, 790 (12.6%) were via telemedicine, which were initiated on March 11, 2020, after the World Health Organization's declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. These telemedicine encounters were readily adopted and embraced by both the providers and patients and remain popular as an option to patients for all types of visits. Of these patients, 78.7% rated their overall health care experience during face-to-face encounters as very good and 80.6% of patients rated their health care experience during telemedicine encounters as very good (P = .78). Conclusions Although the COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented consequences to the practice of medicine and specifically of vascular surgery, our multisite health care system has been able to swiftly adapt and adopt telemedicine technologies for the care of our complex patients. Most important, the high quality of patient-reported satisfaction and health care experience has remained unchanged.
Significance of vocal tract geometrical variations and loudness on airflow and droplet dispersion in a two-dimensional representation of [f]

The significance of respiratory droplet transmission in spreading respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 has been identified by researchers. Although one cough or sneeze generates a large number of respiratory droplets, they are usually infrequent. In comparison, speaking and singing generate fewer droplets, but occur much more often, highlighting their potential as a vector for airborne transmission. However, the flow dynamics of speech and the transmission of speech droplets have not been fully investigated. To shed light on this topic, two-dimensional geometries of a vocal tract for a labiodental fricative [ f ] were generated based on real-Time MRI of a subject during pronouncing [ f ]. In these models, two different curvatures were considered for the tip tongue shape and the lower lip to highlight the effects of the articulator geometries on transmission dynamics. The commercial ANSYS-Fluent CFD software was used to solve the complex expiratory speech airflow trajectories. Simultaneously, the discrete phase model of the software was used to track submicron and large size respiratory droplets exhaled during [ f ] utterance. The simulations were performed for high, normal, and low lung pressures to explore the influence of loud, normal, and soft utterances, respectively, on the airflow dynamics. The presented results demonstrate the variability of the airflow and droplet propagation as a function of the vocal tract geometrical characteristics and loudness. © 2021 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.
The Evolution of Galaxies: Unsolved Problems and Future Prospects

We’ve had an extremely interesting conference covering the observational aspects of galaxy evolution near and far. We’ve come a very long way since the earliest papers in the 1960’s by Tinsley and others first quantified the photometric evolution of galaxies. In this summary, I will first go over some of the things that we know, such as the background that is often not discussed but which is important to keep in mind while looking at new evidence. These include the great progress that has been made on the cosmological model and the identification of fluctuations in the Cosmic microwave background. I’ll follow that with a description of what we have learned at this Granadian Euroconference and the questions that either have been newly raised or have remained to be solved in the future, many of which are not at all new and are decidedly non-trivial to attack. The article finishes with a description of some promises for the future plus some general caveats about the way we do research, including Tarzan’s dilemma.
Influence of Convection on Eutectic Microstructure

The composition field in front of a growing lamellar eutectic was determined numerically, both with and without a lateral convective flow. By minimization of the interfacial undercooling it was found that the lamellar spacing λ is a function of GuλO 2/D and We, where λO is the value of λ for Gu = 0, Gu is the transverse velocity gradient at the freezing interface, D is the diffusion coefficient in the melt, and We is the eutectic composition. The value of λ increases as stirring increases, especially at low freezing rates.
Observations and effects of artificial density layers on oblique high-frequency backscatter

[1] An improved method of estimating ground-scattered power using high-frequency (HF) ray tracing techniques that overcomes the limitations of the derivation presented by Bristow and Greenwald (1995) is presented. The improved method is applied toward identifying the effects of an artificial ionospheric density layer on measured ground scatter power. The presence of artificial density layers induced at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) station in Gakona, Alaska, are observed through the ground-scattered power received by the Kodiak Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar. The location and physical dimensions of the artificial layers are estimated by simulating radar returns using HF ray tracing through a model ionosphere that includes a model artificial density layer. Simulation results of ground-scattered power as a function of range are compared to the measured ground-scattered power as a function of range during a time period when artificial layers were evident in ionogram data. It is shown that a model artificial density layer based on research by Pedersen et al. (2009) produces simulation results that approximate the mean of the measured results.
Assembly-dependent maturation cleavage in provirions of a small icosahedral insect ribovirus.

Abstract Extracts from nodavirus-infected Drosophila cells contained detergent-labile 140S "young" particles much richer than mature virions in their content of protein alpha, a precursor of coat proteins beta and gamma. Incorporation studies in infected cells showed that most newly synthesized alpha protein was assembled into young particles within a few minutes. Incubation of the particles, either in cytoplasmic extracts or after purification, resulted in spontaneous first-order cleavage of alpha protein to form beta-plus-gamma chains. Alpha protein that was not associated with particles failed to cleave. Cleavage was accompanied by a marked increase in detergent stability of the particles and was unaffected by a broad spectrum of protease inhibitors or by coating with precipitating antibody. We conclude (i) that alpha chains are cleaved only after assembly into provirions, (ii) that cleavage occurs internally and is likely therefore autocatalytic, and (iii) that cleavage stabilizes the mature virus particles.
Visualization of an algorithm for convexifying a simple planar polygon with rigid motions

Thank you to the director of the URSP program at Saint Anselm College, Dr. Kathleen Flannery, for giving me the opportunity to conduct my research. I would like to acknowledge the Computer Science Department at Saint Anselm College, chaired by Dr. Paul Kenison, and my fellow students Elizabeth Maestranzi and Jonathan Madore. Thank you to Dr. Marian G. Williams, my external advisor in the URSP program, and the Human-Computer Interaction Research Group as UML. I would like to also thank my advisor, Dr. Carol Traynor, for her unconditional encouragement and support and special thanks to Ms. Jill Drury for her dedication and friendship.
Judicial Spectrum Primer: What Judges Need to Know About Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ricky’s Story* In the summer of 2010, a young mother called 911 after finding her 1-year-old daughter blue and not breathing. She was distraught when the police and emergency medical service arrived. After the police discovered that her 2-year-old son, Ricky, had smothered the little girl, Child Protective Services (CPS) was called and Ricky and his brother, Eddie, age 5, were taken into emergency foster care and placed with their grandmother. The mother and father were arrested for child endangerment. CPS then moved to get a court order keeping both boys in foster care. The motion was granted after the judge found the boys in imminent risk of harm; the judge also ordered an immediate multidisciplinary evaluation (MDE) of both boys by the local early childhood center that has expertise in mental health and developmental disabilities of young children. Two days later, the boys were evaluated at the early childhood center. Eddie was found to be a normal kindergartener, but counseling was recommended to help him manage the death of his sibling. In the meantime, Ricky was in the waiting room with his grandmother. He was silently walking in circles, and did not respond to his name or anything else his grandmother said, or take any interest in the other children or toys. The evaluators determined that he had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and immediately referred him for Early Intervention (EI). Ricky was, however, already receiving EI for speech delay. The evaluator urged the EI service coordinator to get Ricky into a specialized autism program immediately. Ricky was soon admitted to a day autism program and received Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy along with Occupational and Speech Therapy. His grandmother also received training.
Performance study of the MetaRing with Gb/s links

MetaRing is a Gigabit/second local area network architecture based on a dual(bi-directional) optical fiber ring with spatial reuse mechanism. The paper uses simulation to study the performance of MetaRing in the buffer insertion mode with variable length packets. It shows through various delay-throughput curves the major performance aspects of the MetaRing architecture. The results indicate that the combination of a full-duplex ring spatial reuse, and a simple and reliable fairness mechanism of the MetaRing architecture exhibit an excellent delay-throughput performance. >
Effects of Sea Anemones on the Flow Forces They Encounter

Two species of sea anemones, Metridium senile and Anthopleura xanthogrammica , illustrate the sorts of compromises made by sessile organisms between maximizing the transport done and minimizing the mechanical forces caused by flow. 1. 1. M. senile occur in calm areas, but because they are tall, they are exposed to mainstream current velocities. Although A. xanthogrammica occur in areas exposed to wave action, they are short and effectively hidden from mainstream velocities. 2. 2. Measurements of drag forces on anemones and models in a flow tank and in the field indicate that the shapes, sizes, flexibilities, and behaviours of anemones affect the flow forces they encounter. 3. 3. Although M. senile and A. xanthogrammica occur in different flow habitats, the drag force on an individual of either species is about 1 N. 4. 4. The water currents encountered by these anemones and their mechanical responses to the currents can be related to the manner in which the anemones harvest food from flowing water.
Physiological Modifications in the Production and Repair of Methyl Methane Sulfonate-Induced Breaks in the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli K-12

The medium in which Rec + strains of Escherichia coli K-12 are grown affected their sensitivity to treatment with methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). Rec + cells grown to the stationary phase in glucose-enriched nutrient broth (GNB) were more resistant to MMS than cells grown in nutrient broth (NB). The repair of MMS-induced breaks (or alkali-labile bonds) in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from E. coli K-12 strains AB1157, AB1886 uvrA6 , and SR111 recA13 recB21 grown in GNB and NB media was examined by means of alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. It appeared that essentially all of the repair of breaks that occurred, as evidenced by an increase in “molecular weight,” took place within 10 min after treatment with MMS under our conditions. Cell survival was highest in cells for which the size of the DNA after the post-treatment incubation was the largest. The largest DNA after post-treatment incubation was found in Rec + cells grown in GNB medium. The results suggest that these cells may have an enhanced capacity for repairing breaks in DNA.
Disease, Resistance, and Lies: The Demise of the Transatlantic Slave Trade to Brazil and Cuba

In Disease, Resistance, and Lies, Dale T. Graden sheds new light on the “triangle trade” model of the Atlantic slave economy, identifying two different triangular networks and illuminating the Unit...
Filamentous Phage IKe mRNAs Conserve Form and Function Despite Divergence in Regulatory Elements

Abstract As a means of determining whether there has been selection to conserve the basic pattern of filamentous phage mRNAs, the major mRNAs representing genes II to VIII have been defined for a phage distantly related to the Ff group specific for Escherichia coli hosts bearing F pili. Phage IKe has a genome with 55% identity with the Ff genome and infects E. coli strains bearing N pili. The results reveal a remarkably similar pattern of overlapping polycistronic mRNAs with a common 3′ end and unique 5′ ends. The IKe mRNAs, like the Ff phage mRNAs, represent a combination of primary transcripts and processed RNAs. However, examination of the sequences containing the RNA endpoint positions revealed that effectively the only highly conserved regulatory element is the rho-independent terminator that generates the common 3′ end. Promoters and processing sites have not been maintained in identical positions, but frequently are placed so as to yield RNAs with similar coding function. By conserving the pattern of transcription and processing despite divergence in the regulatory elements and possibly the requirements for host endoribonucleases, the results argue that the pattern is not simply fortuitous.
Compensating the Distributed Effect of a Wave PDE in the Actuation or Sensing Path of Multi-Input and Multi-Output LTI Systems

The problem of compensation of infinite-dimensional actuator or sensor dynamics of more complex type than pure delay was solved recently using the backstepping method for PDEs. In this paper we construct an explicit feedback law for a multi-input LTI system which compensates the wave PDE dynamics and stabilizes the overall system. Our design is based on a novel infinite-dimensional backstepping-forwarding transformation. We illustrate the effectiveness of our design with a simulation example of a single-input second order system, in which the wave input enters the system through two different channels, each one located at a different point in the domain of the wave PDE. Finally, we consider a dual problem where we design an exponentially convergent observer that compensates the distributed effect of the wave sensor dynamics.© 2010 ASME
Desire for emotional closeness moderates the effectiveness of the social regulation of emotion

Abstract The present study examined whether individual differences in the desire for emotional closeness moderate the effectiveness of the social regulation of emotion. Using a within-subjects design, 195 undergraduates viewed strongly negative images in two conditions: (a) when holding the hand of an anonymous research assistant seated behind a curtain; and (b) when alone. Participants reported and exhibited less affect to the negative slides when holding hands than when seated alone. Moreover, desired emotional closeness moderated the effectiveness of handholding, as measured by facial expressivity, such that the effectiveness of handholding was positively associated with desired emotional closeness. The moderating role of desired emotional closeness remained when accounting for attachment style and the need for affiliation. This finding indicates that the effectiveness of the social regulation of emotion is moderated by the degree to which individuals desire emotional closeness. Thus, examining individual differences in the desire for emotional closeness may be helpful when investigating emotional responses to social interactions, such as the social regulation of emotion.
Integrin α2β1 Recognizes Laminin-2 and Induces C-erb B2 Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Metastatic Human Melanoma Cells

Previous studies have shown that tumor cells with metastatic propensity secrete more of the laminin α2 chain than non-metastatic tumor cells do, and that laminin-2, which contains the α2 chain, promotes cell adhesion better than laminin-1 (Jenq et al. (1994). Differentiation, 58, 29-36). The current studies were designed to determine whether a correlation exists between the expression of the laminin-2 isoform and the metastatic phenotype in melanoma cells. We found that expression of the laminin-2 isoform was upregulated in the metastatic melanoma cell lines tested. Cell attachment studies showed that metastatic melanoma cells attached more efficiently to laminin-2 substrates. Studies on integrin expression revealed that the presence of α2β1 integrin correlated with expression of the laminin-2 isoform in metastatic melanoma cells; anti-integrin α2 antibody prevented cell attachment to laminin-2 substrates. The data suggest that the α2β1 integrin is the receptor mediating cell attachment to the laminin-2 i...
Metal-insulator transition in Al x Ga 1 − x As/GaAs heterostructures with large spacer width

Analytical results are presented for the mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas in a heterostructure with a thick spacer layer \ensuremath{\alpha}. Due to multiple-scattering effects a metal-insulator transition occurs at a critical electron density ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$=${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{i}}^{1/2}$/(4${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{1/2}$\ensuremath{\alpha}) (${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{i}}$ is the impurity density). The transport mean free path ${\mathit{l}}^{(\mathit{t})}$ (calculated in Born approximation) at the metal-insulator transition is ${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{c}}^{(\mathit{t})}$=2\ensuremath{\alpha}. A localization criterion in terms of the renormalized single-particle mean free path ${\mathit{l}}^{(\mathrm{sr})}$ is presented: ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}\mathit{c}}$${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{c}}^{(\mathrm{sr})}$=(1/2${)}^{1/2}$ (${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}\mathit{c}}$ is the Fermi wave number at the critical density). I compare the theoretical results with recent experimental results found in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs heterostructures with large spacer width: 12002800 \AA{}. Remote impurity doping and homogeneous background doping are considered. The only fitting parameter used for the theoretical results is the background doping density ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{B}}$=6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. My theory is in fair agreement with the experimental results.
Malignant lymphoma involving the prostate: report of 62 cases.

BACKGROUND Malignant lymphoma involving the prostate is rare, and to the authors' knowledge the factors determining patient outcome have not been studied in a large series. METHODS The authors evaluated the clinical and pathologic findings in 60 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the prostate. A variety of clinical and histologic findings were considered as factors predictive of patient outcome. RESULTS Lymphoma tended to occur in elderly men, with a mean age at diagnosis of 62 years (range, 5-89 years), although 6 patients were age < 40 years (ages 5, 19, 30, 32, 38, and 38 years, respectively). Clinical signs and symptoms were due to lower urinary tract obstruction. Twenty-two patients (35%) presented with primary extranodal lymphoma of the prostate with a variety of histologic subtypes, including small lymphocytic (4 patients); follicular center cell, diffuse, small cell (2 patients); follicular center cell, Grade 1 (according to the revised European-American classification (small cleaved) (1 patient); Grade 2 (mixed) (1 patient); diffuse large B-cell (12 patients); and high grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like (2 patients). At the time of presentation, none of these patients had hepatosplenomegaly, inguinal lymphadenopathy, or an abnormal complete blood count. Thirty other patients (48%) with previously documented lymphoma at other sites developed prostatic involvement; these secondary prostatic lymphomas displayed a variety of subtypes, including small lymphocytic (8 patients, all with concomitant leukemia); follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse, small cell (2 patients); follicular center, Grade 1 (small cell) (1 patient); follicular center, Grade 2 (1 patient); diffuse large B-cell (11 patients); peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2 patients); high grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like (1 patient); Burkitt's lymphoma (1 patient); Hodgkin's lymphoma (nodular sclerosing [1 patient] and mixed cellularity [1 patient]); and unknown (1 patient). Ten cases were not classifiable as primary or secondary lymphomas. Twenty-five patients died of malignant lymphoma, 14 died of unknown or other causes, 18 patients were alive 12-20 months after diagnosis (8 primary and 10 secondary tumors; 3 had persistent lymphoma; all treated since 1981), and 5 were lost to follow-up. Lymphoma specific survival was 64% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI], 51-80%), 50% at 2 years (95% CI, 36-68%), 33% at 5 years, 33% at 10 years, and 16% at 15 years. There was no difference in median survival after diagnosis of prostatic involvement between primary and secondary lymphoma (23 months vs. 28 months, respectively) or among histologic types. CONCLUSIONS Although malignant lymphoma involving the prostate is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction, particularly in patients with a previous history of lymphoma. Cancer 1998;83:732-738. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
SOCIAL GROUP WORK: A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN CHILD GUIDANCE.

Poor peer relationships constitute one of the most frequent symptoms in referral to child guidance clinics. Traditional interdisciplinary diagnosis fails to evaluate the child's social relationships to peers. A social group worker, using a structured, small, short-term group, can provide data regarding a child's patterns of interacting with peers in terms of his actions and interactions and other children's reactions to him.
Relationship between infrared spectra and isomorphous substitution in smectites: a computer simulation study.

Abstract Smectites, members 1 of the 2:1 layer silicate family, share the common feature that two tetrahedral sheets sandwich a sheet of octahedrally coordinated metal ion. The diversity of the members of the 2:1 layer silicates occurs because of their capacity for isomorphous substitution of various cations in the octahedral or tetrahedral sheets. Substitution of a divalent metal ion (such as Mg 2+ ) for the trivalent Al 3+ or a trivalent metal ion (such as Al 3+ ) for the tetravalent silicon results in a net negative charge, which then undergoes interaction with positive ions (the exchangeable cations) to form an interlayer hydrated phase. Local density functional (LDF) calculations were employed to model isomorphous substitution of Al 3+ by Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Fe 3+ in the octahedral layer of a dioctahedral smectite clay such as montmorillonite. The energies of the isomorphous substitution were then compared with the experimental observation. The ordering for successful substitution is Al 3+ > Fe 3+ > Mg 2+ > Fe 2+ > Na + + . This ordering is consistent with experimental observation. The vibrational frequencies for the isomorphous substituted systems were calculated by LDF calculation and were compared with the experimental IR results. The results match very well with experiment. This understanding will help in successful prediction of the catalytic activity of smectite clays.
Gynecologists' training, knowledge, and experiences in genetics: a survey.

Abstract Objective: To explore gynecologists’ knowledge, training, and practice experience with genetic screening and DNA-based testing. Methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to 1248 ACOG Fellows, of whom 564 (45%) responded. One hundred thirty-four respondents (24%) reported that they do not order DNA-based tests or take family histories to screen for heritable diseases or disorders. Results from the 428 respondents who provide genetic screening services are reported. Results: Most physicians (90%) knew that genetic tests are most informative when used in conjunction with family histories. Gynecologists gave more correct responses regarding genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancers than for colon cancer and other adult-onset diseases. Sixty-five percent of the respondents had not received formal training in DNA-based testing in gynecologic practice. Older physicians were less likely to have had training. Younger physicians generally gave more correct responses on the knowledge portion of the survey (r = −.165, P Conclusion: Gynecologists were more knowledgeable about genetic issues pertaining to breast and ovarian cancer than to other cancers or certain adult-onset disorders. Training appeared to increase knowledge. Increased training and affiliation with genetic specialists and others could improve gynecologists’ ability to use genetic screening in clinical practice.
A surprising consequence of the Tractatus

THEOREM. If three objects are ordered for all states of affairs in a world containing a finite number of facts, they cannot have the same logical form (Assuming the Tractatus). Outline of Proof. There are six different possible orderings of three objects but 2n states of affairs for a world with n facts. Since 2n is not divisible by six, there is an asymmetry in the way states of affairs get mapped on to orderings. This asymmetry is exploited to create a predicate which picks out a particular object independently of the state of affairs. This immediately implies that the objects cannot have the same logical form, for if they did they would be indistinguishable. Proof. There are six possible ways for three objects to be ordered so let Pi, 1 6 which implies that n > 3. Let Ai be the number of distinct states of affairs which result in the order asserted by Pi. Then