cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tryptophan Scanning Analysis of the Membrane Domain of CTR-Copper Transporters

Membrane proteins of the CTR family mediate cellular copper uptake in all eukaryotic cells and have been shown to participate in uptake of platinum-based anticancer drugs. Despite their importance for life and the clinical treatment of malignancies, directed biochemical studies of CTR proteins have been difficult because high-resolution structural information is missing. Building on our recent 7A structure of the human copper transporter hCTR1, we present the results of an extensive tryptophan-scanning analysis of hCTR1 and its distant relative, yeast CTR3. The comparative analysis supports our previous assignment of the transmembrane helices and shows that most functionally and structurally important residues are clustered around the threefold axis of CTR trimers or engage in helix packing interactions. The scan also identified residues that may play roles in interactions between CTR trimers and suggested that the first transmembrane helix serves as an adaptor that allows evolutionarily diverse CTRs to adopt the same overall structure. Together with previous biochemical and biophysical data, the results of the tryptophan scan are consistent with a mechanistic model in which copper transport occurs along the center of the trimer.
Evidence that Tamoxifen Preserves Bone Density in Late Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer

Tamoxifen, which is used for treating breast cancer, exhibits estrogenic and antiestrogenic characteristics, depending on the tissue. In the human breast it acts as an antiestrogen, whereas estrogenic effects have been reported on endometrium and bone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether tamoxifen (TAM) prevents bone loss in elderly, postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (SBD) was measured in elderly women (at least 10 years after menopause) 5 years after stage I or II breast cancer (n=111). The results showed that SBD in untreated patients (n=74) was significantly lower (p0.05) than SBD in patients (n=37) treated with TAM over 5 years. In a subgroup of patients (n=24) with positive estrogen receptor status, changes in SBD 12 months after discontinuation of 5-year TAM therapy were measured and compared with the changes of extended TAM treatment over a sixth year. Twelve months after withdrawal of 5-year TAM medication (n
Candidates Matter: Policy and Quality Differences in Congressional Elections

We reexamine voting choice in congressional elections by using panels of district experts to identify the ideological positions and leadership qualities of candidates running in a national sample of districts. We show that: (1) candidate-quality differences affect voting choice; (2) that the effect of candidate quality increases with reduced differences between candidates on ideology; and (3) that the effect of issues on voting depends on candidate differences in quality and ideology. The conditional nature of these effects has consequences for candidate position taking that challenge conventional wisdom because candidates with a quality advantage have an incentive to moderate while candidates who are at a quality disadvantage do not. Analyses that do not include competitors’ differences on both ideology and quality are incomplete because the effects of moderation depend on the position of the opponent and which candidate has the quality advantage.
Aβ 17–42 in Alzheimer’s disease activates JNK and caspase‐8 leading to neuronal apoptosis

The p3 peptide [amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) 17-40/42], derived by alpha- and gamma-secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a major constituent of diffuse plaques in Alzheimer's disease and cerebellar pre-amyloid in Down's syndrome. However, the importance of p3 peptide accumulation in Alzheimer's disease and its toxic properties is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of cells with Abeta 17-42 leads to apoptosis in two human neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and IMR-32. Abeta 17-42 activated caspase-8 and caspase-3, induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, but did not activate caspase-9. Selective caspase-8 and caspase-3 inhibitors completely blocked Abeta 17-42-induced neuronal death. Abeta 17-42 moderately activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); however, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of SEK1, the upstream kinase of JNK, protected against Abeta 17-42 induced neuronal death. These results demonstrate that Abeta 17-42 induced neuronal apoptosis via a Fas-like/caspase-8 activation pathway. Our findings reveal the previously unrecognized toxic effect of Abeta 17-42. We propose that Abeta 17-42 constitutes an additional toxic peptide derived from APP proteolysis and may thus contribute to the neuronal cell loss characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.
Two Rights Make a Wrong: Human Left-Right Malformations

Like all vertebrates, humans establish anatomical left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis. Variation from this normal arrangement (situs solitus) results in heterotaxy, expressed either as randomization (situs ambiguus) or complete reversal (situs inversus) of normal organ position. Familial heterotaxy occurs with autosomal dominant, recessive and X-linked inheritance. All possible situs variants, solitus, ambiguus and inversus, can appear among some heterotaxy families. Positional cloning has led to the identification of a gene on the X chromosome responsible for some cases of human heterotaxy. Additional candidate genes have emerged from recent studies of left-right axis development in chick, frog and mouse, which have begun to elucidate a tightly regulated genetic cascade that differentiates the left and right sides prior to the appearance of morphological asymmetry.
A NEW METHOD FOR SCANNING ELECTROPHORETOGRAMS.

A new instrument is described for evaluating electrophoretograms on various media. The same densitometer can be used to evaluate spots on chromatographic strips and for colorimetric analysis of solutions. The versatility of this instrument makes it a useful adjunct to any analytical laboratory.
Temperature solution o f five-layer structure with an embedded circular source

The temperature solution of a five-layer structure with an embedded circular source is reported. The solution is in the form of single integration rather than the double integration of solution for a structure with a rectangular source. An algorithm is developed for effective and accurate calculation of the integral solution. Using the circular source solution, the CPU time for temperature calculation is reduced by a factor of 10 as compared to the rectangular source solution. An important application for the solution is the use of a circular source instead of a square source as the unit source to produce the unit thermal profile for real-time thermal design of integrated circuits. The solution is also valuable for the thermal study and analysis of devices having circular sources such as power transistors and light emitting diodes. An application example is presented. >
A Novel Loading Method for Doxycycline Liposomes for Intracellular Drug Delivery: Characterization of In Vitro and In Vivo Release Kinetics and Efficacy in a J774A.1 Cell Line Model of Mycobacterium smegmatis Infection

Doxycycline (doxy) is used in treating intracellular and extracellular infections. Liposomal (LE) antibiotics allow low-frequency dosing and extended efficacy compared with standard (STD) formulations. We developed a novel sulfuric acid–loading method for doxycycline liposomes (LE-doxy). We hypothesized that a single s.c. injection of LE-doxy would be detectable in serum for at least 2 weeks at concentrations equal to or better than STD-doxy and would be bactericidal in an in vitro Mycobacterium smegmatis infection of J774A.1 macrophage cells. Liposomes were encapsulated by sulfuric acid gradient loading, and release kinetics were performed in vitro and in vivo. LE-doxy made using 8.25 mg/ml doxycycline loaded for 24 hours achieved 97.77% capture in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 43.87% in sphingomyelin (sphing). Rats were injected s.c. with 50 mg/kg LE-doxy or 5 mg/kg STD-doxy, and serial blood samples were collected. Pharmacokinetics were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Liver and injection site skin samples were collected at euthanasia (4 weeks postinjection). Minimal histologic tissue reactions occurred after injection of STD (nonliposomal), DPPC, or sphing-doxy. DPPC-doxy had slightly faster in vitro leakage than sphing liposomes, although both were detectable at 264 hours. The mean residence time for DPPC was the highest (111.78 hours), followed by sphing (56.00 hours) and STD (6.86 hours). DPPC and sphing-doxy were detectable at 0.2 μg/ml in serum at 336 hours postadministration. LE-doxy was not toxic to J774A.1 cells in vitro and produced inhibition of viable Mycobacterium smegmatis at 24 and 48 hours. LE-doxy will require further testing in in vivo infection models.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE ENDEMIC MEARNS'S SQUIRREL (TAMIASCIURUS MEARNSI)

Abstract Mearns's squirrel (Tamiasciurus mearnsi) is an endemic species of the montane forest of the Sierra de San Pedro Martir in Baja California. Despite having been described for the first time in 1893 and a listing as threatened by Mexican authorities, no information is available on the ecology of this southernmost Tamiasciurus. We observed the ecology of Mearns's squirrels during 2004 and 2005. Mearns's squirrel apparently does not form larderhoards, known as middens, or leaf nests commonly built by other members of this genus. We observed Mearns's squirrels to feed heavily on tree seeds and fungi. We noted males with scrotal testes and a female in estrus in late spring. We did not observe eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), introduced to the western Sierra in 1946, within the areas that we searched for T. mearnsi. Mearns's squirrels might possess unique adaptations for their persistence in the dry, open forest of the Sierra de San Pedro Martir.
Genetic Regulation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Yeast

In bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a number of enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis are regulated in a coordinated fashion. Evidence of coordinated regulation has come from a combination of biochemical and genetic studies carried out in a number of laboratories (3,4,9,10,13,16,18, 21). The enzymes subject to the regulation include: cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DG) synthase, phosphatidylserine (PS) synthase; the phsopholipid N-methyltransferases (NMTs) which convert phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and inositol-l-phosphate synthase (I1PS). These enzymes are repressed by the addition of inositol and choline to the growth medium and they respond to the same set of regulatory genes (9). The recent cloning (12,15) of two of the coordinately regulated structural genes, INO1 (structural gene for I1PS) and CHO1, (structural gene for PS synthase) as well as the isolation of a key regulatory gene, INO4, permits analysis of the regulation on a molecular level. The regulated expression of transcripts of the INO1 gene has recently been reported elsewhere (17). The CHO1 gene has been found to encode a single transcript of approximately 1.2kb. The steady state expression of this transcript correlates well with expression of the CHO1 gene product, PS synthase. The levels of transcript and enzyme subunit are both reduced in cells grown in the presence of inositol and choline. Growth in the presence of choline alone has no effect, but inositol alone leads to partial repression of the gene product and the transcript. PS synthase and the CHO1 transcript also exhibit altered expression in several regulatory mutants. The INO4 locus is known to be involved in the coordinated regulation of phospholipid synthesis in yeast (9,16). In ino4 mutants, I1PS and the NMTs are expressed only at the repressed level they cannot be derepressed). The levels of CHO1 transcript and PS synthase subunit are also reduced in ino4 cells. The INO4 gene has been cloned and several transcripts homologous to the cloned DNA have been detected.
High-temperature oxidation behavior of thermoelectric SnSe

Abstract SnSe is a semiconductor compound reported to possess very high thermoelectric ZT values at 600 °C–700 °C. Oxidation and sublimation are of significant concern at such temperatures. The oxidation behavior of SnSe at four temperatures between 600 °C and 700 °C in atmospheric air was investigated by monitoring the weight change as a function of time, as well as by characterizing the oxidized samples using optical microscopy, SEM with EDS, and powder XRD. The results show that SnSe oxidizes very rapidly at 600 °C–700 °C to form SnO 2 and possibly Sn(SeO 3 ) 2 . Sublimation of Se and Se oxides is also observed. At 600 °C the consumption of Sn from SnSe to form SnO 2 drives the composition to be Se rich. A layer of SnSe 2 forms between the oxides and SnSe. At ≥ 650 °C, the consumption of Sn likely leads to the formation of a transient liquid phase, which significantly accelerates both oxidation and sublimation. It is concluded that SnSe needs to be used under vacuum or with a protective coating such as pure Si.
Impact of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization outcomes: an evaluation of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies Database.

Objective To assess the impact of endometriosis, alone or in combination with other infertility diagnoses, on IVF outcomes. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study of cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System database. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) A total of 347,185 autologous fresh and frozen assisted reproductive technology cycles from the period 2008–2010. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Oocyte yield, implantation rate, live birth rate. Result(s) Although cycles of patients with endometriosis constituted 11% of the study sample, the majority (64%) reported a concomitant diagnosis, with male factor (42%), tubal factor (29%), and diminished ovarian reserve (22%) being the most common. Endometriosis, when isolated or with concomitant diagnoses, was associated with lower oocyte yield compared with those with unexplained infertility, tubal factor, and all other infertility diagnoses combined. Women with isolated endometriosis had similar or higher live birth rates compared with those in other diagnostic groups. However, women with endometriosis with concomitant diagnoses had lower implantation rates and live birth rates compared with unexplained infertility, tubal factor, and all other diagnostic groups. Conclusion(s) Endometriosis is associated with lower oocyte yield, lower implantation rates, and lower pregnancy rates after IVF. However, the association of endometriosis and IVF outcomes is confounded by other infertility diagnoses. Endometriosis, when associated with other alterations in the reproductive tract, has the lowest chance of live birth. In contrast, for the minority of women who have endometriosis in isolation, the live birth rate is similar or slightly higher compared with other infertility diagnoses.
The State of Physics; Or the Perils of Being Important

(1950). The State of Physics; Or the Perils of Being Important. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 2-4.
Historical and Contextual Contingencies of Learning from Success and Failure

Scholars have begun to identify and understand some surprising and subtle contingencies of organizational learning from success and failure. The symposium gathers scholars involved in research on this topic and provides us with an opportunity to take stock of both what we have learned and new, emerging issues. The research conducted by the scholars in this session have each identified new historical or contextual factors that influence organizational learning across a wide range of industries and organizations. Many of these findings complement each other, while others appear to contradict each other. Gathering in a symposium format enables us to learn about these findings and also to begin a conversation that will help us to understand how these various findings can be reconciled and understood. An Information Theoretic Approach to Learning from Corporate Restructuring Processes Presenter: Katrin Susanne Muehlfeld; U. of Trier Presenter: Padma Rao Sahib; U. of Groningen Presenter: Harmen de Weerd; Gronin...
Literacy discussions in low-income families: The effect of parent questions on fourth graders’ retellings:

This study examines the effects of four types of reading comprehension questions – immediate, non-immediate, summary, and unanswerable questions – that linguistically diverse and predominantly low-income parents asked their fourth graders on children’s text retellings. One-hundred-twenty (N = 120) parent and child dyads participated in a home visit study in which they talked about narrative and informational texts. Moderation analyses indicated that immediate questions and non-immediate questions had a more positive effect on student retellings of an informational text and a narrative text, respectively, for less proficient than more proficient readers. These findings suggest that parents may be able to help their children, particularly less proficient readers, with text memory and text comprehension by asking specific types of questions.
Injury of chloride manganese to blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier in rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of manganese chloride(MnCl2) on rats′ choroid plexus(CP).METHODS The rats were ip given MnCl2 6 mg(Mn)·kg-1 for 30 d,90 d or 90 d,followed by 30 d recovery.The samples of serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and choroid plexus of lateral ventricles were collected at each time point.Serum albumin and CSF albumin were determined by bromcresol green(BCG) and ELISA,respectively.Pathomorphological changes of choroid plexus cells were observed by the light microscopy and electron microscopy.RESULTSThe levels of CSF albumin and CSF albumin index in MnCl2 groups were obviously higher than those in corresponding control groups(P0.05).The CSF albumin and CSF albumin index in MnCl2 30 d group was lower than those of other MnCl2 groups(P0.05),and those in MnCl2 90 d group were slightly lower than in MnCl2 90 d+30 d recovery group,but without any statistical difference.Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that MnCl2 exposure resulted in flattened and shrunken cell layers,cytoplasmic vacuolation,nuclei and chromosome condensation,mitochondrion destruction,shortening of microvilli,and partial disconnection in intracellular junctions between two adjacent epithelial cells.The structural alteration was mild after 30 d treated and moderate in MnCl2 90 d.Noticeably,the intracellular damage in MnCl2 90 d+30 d recovery group was even worse than that in MnCl2 90 d,suggesting a long-lasting pathological damage even after MnCl2 exposure be not ceased.CONCLUSION MnCl2 can induce pathological changes of choroid plexus,with the characteristics of time-variation and irreversibility.The levels of CSF albumin and CSF albumin index correlate with the extent of injury,and are potentially of great value for assessing BCB impairment after manganese exposure.
Procedural Fairness and the Cost of Control

A large and growing literature has demonstrated that imposing control on agents has the potential to backfire, leading agents to withhold effort. Consistent with principles of procedural fairness, we find that the way in which control is imposed—in particular whether control is imposed symmetrically on both principals and agents and whether both parties have a say in whether control is imposed—affects how agents respond to control. In our setting, control leads agents to withhold effort only when procedural fairness concerns are ignored and control is imposed unilaterally with an asymmetric effect on the agent. (JEL C7, C9, L2, M5)
Supporting dynamic traffic over super-channels in flexible grid optical networks

Schemes to provision dynamic traffic over superchannels are proposed and analyzed for the first time. Network capacity can be enhanced by at least 15% if super-channels' spectrum is partially pre-provisioned and shared among neighboring channels.
Fenretinide (4HPR) Inhibits Growth of Myeloma Cells in Their Microenvironment and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Angiogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis.

Fenretinide (4HPR) is a relatively safe neoclassical retinoid analog that inhibits growth of various tumors through increased intracellular ceramide and ROS, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. 4HPR has been successfully tested as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent in clinical trials on various malignancies. In contrast to retinoic acid, 4HPR induces cell apoptosis rather than differentiation and shows synergistic responses with chemotherapeutic drugs in different tumor cell types. The biological effect and therapeutic value in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-MM effect and mechanism of action of 4HPR using 3 stroma-dependent and 2 stroma-independent MM cell lines established in our laboratory, CD138-selected primary MM cells and co-culture systems of these cells with human osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as previously described (Yaccoby et al., Cancer Res 2004). MM cell apoptosis detected by annexin V flow cytometry and TUNNEL, tumor growth by MTT assay, changes in caspase 3, 8 and 9 activity using Western blotting and ROS production by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H 2 DCFDA) dye assay. 4HPR inhibits growth of all tested MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC 50 after 48 hrs in serum-containing media was 10 μM using MTT assay. 4HPR (3 μM) increased percent of apoptotic MM cells by 2.5±0.4 folds (p
Cuprous Ion Mass Transport Limitations During Copper Electrodeposition

Polarization experiments in sulfuric acid based copper plating electrolytes disclosed unique mass-transport limitations at very small cathodic overpotentials. Determination of the bulk concentration of the species, which is correlated to the observed limiting current plateaus, by means of Levich plots indicated that these plateaus may be related to mass-transport-limited copper deposition from cuprous ions. This hypothesis was further supported by comparison of the equilibrium constant of the comproportionation of cupric ions and metallic copper to cuprous ions obtained from experiments with literature values. The results provide a simple technique to detect cuprous ions and support the view that cuprous ions are deposited at a diffusion-limited rate, whereas cupric ions deposition is controlled by electrochemical kinetics. The method may be of relevance for superfilling, since the action of additives in industrial plating electrolytes involves interaction with cuprous ions.
Exercise Training in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

Background—Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is common and characterized by exercise intolerance and lack of proven effective therapies. Exercise training has been shown to be effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with systolic heart failure. In this meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the effects of exercise training on CRF, quality of life, and diastolic function in patients with HFPEF. Methods and Results—Randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of exercise training in patients with HFPEF were included in this meta-analysis. Primary outcome of the study was change in CRF (measured as change in peak oxygen uptake). Effect of exercise training on quality of life (estimated using Minnesota living with heart failure score), and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was also assessed. The study included 276 patients who were enrolled in 6 randomized controlled trials. In the pooled data analysis, patients with HFPEF undergoi...
A Revised Embedded Planning Tool for Intensive Reading Instruction

A single-subject AB multiple-baseline design across participants was utilized to investigate the effectiveness of the Revised Tier Three Instructional Planning (T-TIP) tool on teacher lesson planning, with a focus on corrective and elaborative feedback within intensive literacy instructional settings in secondary schools. Findings revealed that the Revised T-TIP demonstrated promising social validity for teacher lesson planning in intensive settings, however, functional relation for the intervention was not markedly concluded from the visual analysis. The impact of the Revised T-TIP on the frequency and sustainability of evidence-based reading instruction and teaching behaviors are discussed along with recommendations for future research and practice in teacher education. Subscribe to LDMJ
Cerebellar Contributions to Language in Typical and Atypical Development: A Review

In this review, we present the growing literature suggesting, from a variety of angles, that the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive functions, rather than simply sensorimotor functions, and more specifically to language and its development. The cerebellum’s association with language function is determined by the specific cortico-cerebellar connectivity to the right cerebellum from the left cortical hemisphere. The findings we review suggest that the cerebellum plays an important role as part of a broader language network, and also implies that the cerebellum may be a potential new therapeutic target to treat speech and language deficits, especially during development.
Novel, High-Brightness, Fibre Laser Platform for kW Materials Processing Applications

High-power (kW class) fibre lasers have revolutionized cutting, welding, and other industrial applications because of their unique combination of high power, brightness, and efficiency; unrivalled reliability and ruggedness; and numerous practical advantages (fibre beam delivery to the work piece, high-speed modulation, rapid on/off cycling, and compact size). Continued innovation will enable high-power fibre lasers to capture an increasing share of the ~$1.5B kW materials processing market and, more importantly, will drive market growth by enabling new applications that are not possible with current technologies.
Identification of Differentially Methylated Sites with Weak Methylation Effects

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is an epigenetic alteration crucial for regulating stress responses. Identifying large-scale DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution is made possible by whole genome bisulfite sequencing. An essential task following the generation of bisulfite sequencing data is to detect differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) among treatments. Most statistical methods for DMC detection do not consider the dependency of methylation patterns across the genome, thus possibly inflating type I error. Furthermore, small sample sizes and weak methylation effects among different phenotype categories make it difficult for these statistical methods to accurately detect DMCs. To address these issues, the wavelet-based functional mixed model (WFMM) was introduced to detect DMCs. To further examine the performance of WFMM in detecting weak differential methylation events, we used both simulated and empirical data and compare WFMM performance to a popular DMC detection tool methylKit. Analyses of simulated data that replicated the effects of the herbicide glyphosate on DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana show that WFMM results in higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting DMCs compared to methylKit, especially when the methylation differences among phenotype groups are small. Moreover, the performance of WFMM is robust with respect to small sample sizes, making it particularly attractive considering the current high costs of bisulfite sequencing. Analysis of empirical Arabidopsis thaliana data under varying glyphosate dosages, and the analysis of monozygotic (MZ) twins who have different pain sensitivities—both datasets have weak methylation effects of <1%—show that WFMM can identify more relevant DMCs related to the phenotype of interest than methylKit. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are genomic regions with different DNA methylation status across biological samples. DMRs and DMCs are essentially the same concepts, with the only difference being how methylation information across the genome is summarized. If methylation levels are determined by grouping neighboring cytosine sites, then they are DMRs; if methylation levels are calculated based on single cytosines, they are DMCs.
Sports-Related Concussion Occurrence at Various Time Points During High School Athletic Events: Part 2.

Background:Sports-related concussion (SRC) injury rates, and identifying those athletes at the highest risk, have been a primary research focus. However, no studies have evaluated at which time poi...
Differential Perceptions between Citizens & Scientists Regarding Pesticide Use

In 1980 an event, heightened by its occurrence in California, which produces a quarter of the food grown in the United States, became an incident of international interest. The Mediterranean fruit fly, a dangerous agricultural pest, infested the densely-populated Santa Clara Valley. The State of California responded by spraying pesticides from aircraft over residential neighborhoods, resulting in a successful, but lengthy, multi-million dollar eradication program. Medfly’s estimated damage exceeded millions of dollars to the agricultural industry and demanded use of pesticides, a technology perennially under public and scientific scrutiny. Aerial spraying in urban areas increased the likelihood that sensitive non-target organisms, namely the Valley’s human inhabitants would be exposed to the chemicals. This provided us with the opportunity to assess perception of risk at the time residents were undergoing aerial spraying. Since that time we have seized the opportunity to obtain citizens’ views of eradication programs for other voracious pest, using a variety of pesticides and application methods. This paper discusses results of the study examining attitudes of the general public and an “elite” sample of technical experts and decision-makers. The major questions addressed herein are: Do the public, technicians, decision-makers and scientists fundamentally disagree on the issue of risks, specifically those attributable to pesticides? Is there agreement among the elite respondents? Where do the major disparities and congruities of attitudes lie?
210. Reduced barrier function of the microvascular endothelial glycocalyx in women with a history of preeclampsia, one year after delivery

Introduction The endothelial glycocalyx is a proteoglycan- and glycoprotein-rich layer at the interface of the flowing blood and the cell membrane. It regulates key endothelial functions and is critical for vascular health. The effects of glycocalyx damage (e.g., proteinuria, pro-coagulation, inflammation, vasospasm) suggest that the glycocalyx might have an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and increased risk of later life cardiovascular disease in these women. Hypothesis We hypothesized that, 1 year after delivery, non-pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia evidence microvascular glycocalyx damage compared to non-pregnant controls who had a normotensive, uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods Glycocalyx damage was assessed using sidestream dark field imaging and was defined as deeper penetration of RBCs into the glycocalyx of the sublingual microcirculation (5–25 μm diameter). Twenty-one women with a history of normotensive pregnancy (NP) and 10 women with prior preeclampsia (PE) were examined at one year after delivery. We compared movement of RBCs into the glycocalyx (perfused boundary region, PBR), microvascular density (total length of perfused microvessels/mm2), and RBC filling percentage (percentage of time in which vascular segments are perfused). Results Glycocalyx PBR was significantly increased in women with prior PE compared to NP (2.32 ± 0.22 μm PE vs. 2.1 ± 0.22 μm NP, P Discussion One year after delivery, the sublingual microvacular glycocalyx is functionally damaged in women with prior preeclampsia as indicated by an increase in PBR (magnitude similar to end-stage renal disease). There is also evidence of impaired microvascular perfusion. Glycocalyx degradation may contribute to increased risk of later life cardiovascular disease in women with a history of preeclampsia. Funded by NIH-NICHD (P01 HD030367, R21 HD083659), and AHA 16SFRN27870000.
The light in the shadows: therapeutic explorations of fantasy and fear*

Recent decades have given rise to a preponderance of studies centered on fantasies involving forced sexual experiences. While the genesis, meaning, and plot of these fantasies vary greatly, it is c...
RISK PREDICTION MODEL FOR PERMANENT PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: A SINGLE HIGH VOLUME CENTER EXPERIENCE

Atrioventricular block (AVB) requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is one of the most common complications following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to establish a risk stratification for post-TAVI AVB requiring PPM. This is a single center retrospective study
Issues in the Transition from Therapy to Analysis in Patients with ADHD: Commentary on Dr. Whiteside’s Case Presentation

This written description of an analysis conducted while the analyst was in analytic training demonstrates the complexities of treating patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)....
Inappropriate Detailing Impact Towards Ductility of High Rise Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames Building in High Seismicity Area

Responding to human population and economic growth in Indonesia, high-rise building as supporting infrastructures has increased significantly in numbers in many big cities. Designing high-rise building, earthquake load shall be considered to create an earthquake-resistant building. However, the civil engineering practices in Indonesia are inappropriate to the current provisions. Many existing buildings, which were built based on previous earthquake-resistant building provisions, are not evaluated to adjust to the current earthquake-resistant building provisions. There is also inconsistency among civil engineers while applying provisions in design practices. Hence, a question arises whether the existing buildings which were designed using an inappropriate procedure are adequate enough to fulfill the necessary requirements of structural behavior and performance level as an earthquake-resistant building in high seismicity area. This paper presents structural analysis to evaluate impacts of various levels of detailing on ductility in high-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings. In the study, 20 story office buildings located in region with high seismicity area were designed. Five detailing levels of building designs were studied: one building used appropriate design while others not. The variations were differed by combining types of moment frame system (ordinary, intermediate, and special) and several values of response modification coefficient, R. The seismic performances of the buildings were then investigated by performing nonlinear time history analysis using seven pairs of scaled ground motions. From this analysis, ductility of five buildings were compared and evaluated. The evaluations were presented by performance level result and limited maximum story drift ratio result. Based on the findings, dynamic behavior for inappropriate designed buildings indicated vulnerable behavior of structure which was dominated with brittle behavior and exceed maximum drift limit. Due to the vulnerability, this paper proposes the necessity of immediate evaluation and retrofit for existing high-rise buildings which have inappropriate design in high seismicity area in Indonesia.
1 H N , 13 C, and 15 N backbone resonance assignments of the human DNA ligase 3 DNA-binding domain (residues 257-477).

In mammalian cells, the process of DNA ligation is necessary during DNA replication to create an intact "lagging" strand from a series of smaller Okazaki fragments and to repair DNA strand breaks that arise either due to the direct action of a DNA damaging agent or as a consequence of DNA damage excision during DNA repair. In humans, there are three genes that encode for members of the DNA ligase family (LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4) (Ellenberger and Tomkinson in Ann Rev Biochem 77:313-338. 2008). Although these genes code for polypeptides with overlapping functions in the nucleus, the only mitochondrial DNA ligase (DNA ligase IIIα), which is essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance, is encoded by the LIG3 gene (Lakshmipathy and Campbell in Mol Cell Biol 19:3869-3876, 1999; Zong et al. in Mol Cell 61:667-676, 2016) Because mitochondria play a central and multifunctional role in malignant tumor progression, there is emerging interest in targeting key mitochondrial proteins. Notably, there is evidence in pre-clinical models that inhibitors of DNA ligase IIIα, which is frequently up-regulated in cancer, preferentially target cancer cells via their effect on mitochondria (Zong et al. 2016). Since NMR spectroscopy provides unique capabilities for identifying small molecules that bind specifically to DNA ligase IIIα versus the other DNA ligases), the backbone 1HN, 13C, and 15N NMR resonance assignments were completed for a 222 amino acid DNA-binding domain of human DNA ligase III. These NMR assignments represent a vital first step towards developing DNA ligase III-selective inhibitors.
Understanding the eHRM Promise and Adoption Imperatives

AbstractOrganisations invest in Electronic Human Resource management (eHRM) by buying into its potential of strategically transforming the Human Resource (HR) function. However, the posited perform...
Reconstructing Lost Instruments: Praetorius’s Syntagma musicum and the Violin Family c. 1619

Michael Praetorius’s De organographia and Theatrum instrumentorum provide valuable clues that contribute to a new understanding of the violin family c. 1619, many surviving examples of which are reduced in size from their sixteenth- and seventeenth-century dimensions. The record of surviving instruments – especially those of the Amati family – alongside metrologic, documentary and iconographic evidence shows that Michael Praetorius describes a large instrument conforming remarkably well to the original dimensions of the basso da braccio (violoncello), as well as furnishing an excellent scale representation of the violin family as it was at the time of these works’ publication and an accurate tuning scheme.
Chapter 3 – Genomic Technologies*

In recent years, DNA-sequencing and gene-expression technologies have been revolutionized in terms of cost and data-generation capacity. In addition, many other molecular techniques have been developed to interrogate and manipulate the genome. The new, high-throughput sequencing is popularly referred to as next-generation (next-gen) or deep sequencing. This chapter discusses the three main next-generation DNA-sequencing platforms: Roche 454, Illumina Solexa, and ABI SOLiD. The discussion on sequencing is followed by a brief discussion of high-density oligonucleotide arrays, including tiling arrays, to interrogate the genome and genome expression. The zinc-finger nuclease technique is discussed as a useful tool to perform targeted editing of the genome of many species, which was not possible with the traditional knockout technology. The chapter concludes with a special topic on optical mapping.
'I took care of my kids': mothering while incarcerated.

Little is known about how incarcerated mothers make meaning of their parenting role and relationship with their children prior to incarceration and during custody. The aims of this project were to explore the experiences of mothering prior to incarceration and during custody using the Gendered Pathways Perspective and to examine how mothering intersects with incarcerated women’s health and health outcomes to facilitate prevention and intervention strategies. This secondary data analysis used qualitative methods and grounded theory to identify themes related to mothering from 41 incarcerated mothers. Analyses were conducted by two independent coders, each of whom interviewed women as part of the primary study. Identified themes highlight how mothers sacrificed their own health and wellness in order to parent their children, sometimes foregoing substance use disorder treatment because they had no childcare options. Additionally, incarcerated mothers described the psychological distress of family separation and asked for additional parenting programs to increase mother-child connection. Finally, mothers suggested that capitalizing on the mothering role might be a potent mechanism for change, especially as related to substance use disorder treatment. Research on incarcerated parents often focuses on their children, which obscures incarcerated mothers’ needs related to health and wellness. The prison environment offers few opportunities to foster mother-child connection; most mothers never receive even one visit from their children. Incarcerated mothers contextually framed crime as protecting and providing for children and identified community-based and in-prison service gaps. Recommendations include infusing mothering and caretaking responsibilities into the sentencing process and exploring the intersection of race, gender, class, and mothering status on criminalized behavior. Additionally, there is an urgent need to expand the availability of community-based and in-prison programs that allow women to address health concerns while mothering their children.
Külpe’s Imageless But Visionary Idea: That Vivid Visual Images Are “Centrally Excited Sensations” Which Are Constructed From “Imageless Thoughts”:

In the current article, Section 1 begins with the reconsideration of Kulpe’s late-nineteenth-century thesis that all problem solving is based on “imageless thoughts,” from which conscious images ar...
EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers part I: Computational models and workflow:

Computational simulations have become central to the seismic analysis and design of major infrastructure over the past several decades. Most major structures are now “proof tested” virtually throug...
Ethical Responsibilities to Economically Disadvantaged and Marginalized Patients

Excellence as a dermatologist consists not simply in providing high quality clinical care to those most able to afford it but also in being a responsible member of the medical community and caring for patients who are most in need of specialized dermatological care. Due to systemic health disparities and healthcare disparities, Medicaid patients, patients with limited English proficiency (LEP), homeless patients, and patients of color are more likely to have more severe dermatological diseases and poorer outcomes than historically privileged patients. Providing excellent care to economically disadvantaged and marginalized patients can be uniquely challenging, but it can also be deeply rewarding. This chapter will explore dermatologists’ ethical obligations and avenues for excellence in caring for these populations.
Effects of tumbling, refrigeration, and resubmersion on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus levels in North Carolina cultured oysters (C. virginica)

Abstract In oyster aquaculture, routine handling practices (tumbling, desiccation) are pre-harvest growing techniques that produce high-quality products. These practices involve the removal of oysters from the water for extended periods, which can inadvertently increase the levels of human pathogenic vibrio bacteria within the oyster. Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are naturally found in estuarine waters and can be concentrated in oysters during filter feeding, creating a potential public health risk to raw oyster consumers. To mitigate the public health risk before harvest, oysters can be resubmersed in the water to allow elevated vibrio levels to decline or “recover” to naturally occurring levels. Previous research is almost exclusively from Alabama waters, leaving open the question of applicability to other oyster growing regions; therefore, this study investigated recovery times at a farm off the coast of North Carolina. Four handling treatments (tumbled/refrigerated [TR], tumbled/desiccated [TNR], refrigerated only [NTR], and desiccated only [NTNR]) were applied to oysters, followed by resubmersion. Levels of V. vulnificus and total and pathogenic (tdh+/trh+) V. parahaemolyticus were measured before and after handling, and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after resubmersion. After handling, the refrigerated oysters did not have significant increases in vibrio levels (−0.08–0.46 log MPN/g), while the non-refrigerated oysters did (1.06–2.06 log MPN/g). The refrigerated oysters had a significant spike (0.60–1.03 log MPN/g) in V. parahaemolyticus levels after one to three days of resubmersion, but this effect was not seen for V. vulnificus. Elevated V. vulnificus levels recovered to ambient levels after 1 day of resubmersion in all treatments. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus recovered in 1 to 7 days in all but the TR treatment (14 days), which supports the previous finding that the combination of tumbling and refrigeration would not be a recommended handling practice, as the recovery time was the longest. Excluding the TR treatment, the vibrio recovery times observed in this study were similar to those found previously in Alabama studies.
Craft consumption and consumer transformation in a transmodern era

Abstract This study investigates how craft consumption illuminates consumer self-transformation. Craft consumption refers to activities in which consumers personalize their products by designing and making what they consume themselves (Campbell, 2005). Our work is positioned at the nexus of transmodernity. Transmodern is defined as “a way of thinking that combines intuition and spirituality with rational brainwork” (Luyckx, 1999, p. 971). This study contributes to extant research by highlighting the interplay of rational and spiritual dimensions of craft consumption that leads to consumer transformation. The investigation uses a grounded theory method for conducting qualitative research. This empirical research was conducted through observations and phenomenological interviews with 10 craft consumers belonging to the Pilsen Mexican community in Chicago, USA. The study has implications for contemporary consumer research on consumer co-production.
Charged Particles in Electromagnetic Fields

The most obvious components of particle accelerators and beam transport systems are those that provide the beam guidance system. Whatever the application may be, a beam of charged particles is designed to follow closely a predescribed path along a desired beam transport line or along a closed orbit in case of circular accelerators. The forces required to bend and direct the charged particle beam or to hold particles close to the ideal path are known as the Lorentz forces and are derived from electric and magnetic fields through the Lorentz equation.
Discourse analysis techniques for modeling group interaction

This paper presents discourse analysis techniques that model the interaction of a small group of users engaged in same-place/different-time interaction. We analyzed data from Vessel World, our experimental testbed, and formulated a modeling technique based on the recurrence of coordination problems and the structure that users create to handle these problems. Subsequent experiments revealed that our original analysis had failed to capture issues with the cognitive load required to maintain common ground. By tracking references users make to both domain and conversational objects, we were able to extract patterns of information access and model the cognitive load incurred to maintain common ground. The improved model of user interaction was successful in explaining systems designed to support interaction.