cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning and Performance in a Verbal Paired-Associate Task with Preschool Children

Summary.-The aims of the present investigation were to explore the hypothesis that a short anticipation interval in verbal paired-associate learning affects performance rather than learning and to design a procedure suitable for preschool-aged children. One group of Ss received practice on a paired-associate list with a short anticipation interval while another group learned the same list with a longer anticipation interval. When the interval of the former group was increased, they performed as well as the latter group. The results suggest that the number of trials administered in a verbal paired-associate task is a better measure of learning than S's level of performance. In conventional S-R theory, the conditions under which an increment in habit strength is assumed to occur differ for classical and instrumental conditioning. In classical conditioning an increment in habit strength is assumed each time the CS and UCS are presented together, i.e., an increment in habic strength occurs whether or not the CR occurs. In instrumental conditioning, however, an increment in habic strength is assumed to occur only if the CR occurs. The distinction between the two situations can be made independently of additional views concerning the role of reinforcement in learning. In studies of associative transfer in paired-associate learning, two methods have been used to vary degree of first-task learning. One method involves training Ss to different levels of performance (Postman, 1962). Thus, one group of Ss may be trained until they give 5 correct anticipations of a 12-pair list, another to 8 of 12, a third to 10 of 12, etc. The second method varies the number of S-R presentations (Spiker, 1960). One group may be given 5 trials on the list, another 10 trials, etc. The first method seems to imply an interpretation of paired-associate learning as analogous to instrumental conditioning, i.e., only if Ss in different groups have performed the anticipatory response different numbers of times can E be sure thac different degrees of first-task learning exist. The second method implies an interpretation of paired-associate learning as analogous to classical conditioning; the degree of learning differs provided different numbers of trials have been administered. In the present experiment, the frequency of occurrence of anticipatory responses is varied in different groups at the same time thac number of trials is held constant. Ss are then tested under conditions in which the frequency 'This study was conducted while the author was a research assistant at the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station. The author is indebted to Professor Charles C. Spiker, who directed this investigation.
Opposing intrinsic temporal gradients guide neural stem cell production of varied neuronal fates

Neural stem cells show age-dependent developmental potentials, as evidenced by their production of distinct neuron types at different developmental times. Drosophila neuroblasts produce long, stereotyped lineages of neurons. We searched for factors that could regulate neural temporal fate by RNA-sequencing lineage-specific neuroblasts at various developmental times. We found that two RNA-binding proteins, IGF-II mRNA-binding protein (Imp) and Syncrip (Syp), display opposing high-to-low and low-to-high temporal gradients with lineage-specific temporal dynamics. Imp and Syp promote early and late fates, respectively, in both a slowly progressing and a rapidly changing lineage. Imp and Syp control neuronal fates in the mushroom body lineages by regulating the temporal transcription factor Chinmo translation. Together, the opposing Imp/Syp gradients encode stem cell age, specifying multiple cell fates within a lineage.
Lettrt To The Editor

We knew that our article would incite and excite some of our colleagues, and it does us good to see the response. As urologists, we do not usually get called upon to do neonatal circumcisions but instead see the "problem prepuce." We see the paraphimosis, the carcinomatous penis, the verruccous penis, and the infectious processes that start under the prepuce and can eventually destroy penile and scrotal architecture. For this reason, the urologist9s view is different from that of the pediatrician or obstetrician and we consider neonatal circumcision to be medical prophylaxis.
Retrospective analysis of factors contributing to the success of Y-90 Sirspheres treatment

2718 Objectives Y-90 Sirspheres are used to treat hepatic cancer in patients who are ineligible for surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of this treatment and to determine if certain factors affect its success. Methods All patients who received Y-90 Sirspheres from 2011-2013 were reviewed. For each case percent change in tumor diameter was recorded for primary hepatic cancer vs. secondary hepatic cancer. Also noted was the lobe treated, the type of catheter used, and the percent of the dose injected. Results Of the 82 treatments preformed 53 had post evaluation scans. 32 showed a decrease in tumor diameter and were therefore considered successful. 5 remained unchanged and 16 increased in size. Of the successful cases there were 10 cases in which the patient had primary hepatic cancer and 22 cases in which the patient had secondary hepatic cancer. The percent change in tumor diameter for primary hepatic cancer vs. secondary hepatic was compared using a Student’s t-test, which gave a p-value of 0.45. 20 cases involved the right lobe and 12 involved the left. The average percent injected for the right lobe was 91% and for the left was 94%. Percent of the dose injected between the right and left lobe was also compared. The p-value was 0.24. The catheters used were 22 3-F Microcatheters and 10 Surefire Antireflux catheters. The average percent injected for the 3-F Microcatheters was 91% and 94% for the Surefire Antireflux catheters. Catheter type vs. percent injected was compared and a p-value of 0.30 was found. Conclusions The treatment has shown to be effective. The patient’s hepatic cancer being primary or secondary did not statistically impact the change in tumor diameter. Treatment lobe did not notably effect the percent injected. However, the right lobe treatment had a more frequent decrease in tumor diameter than the left lobe. There was no significant difference between the percent injected for the two types of catheters.
Differential Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurologic emergency that needs to be identified rapidly, with aggressive treatment initiated as early as possible. Many medical and psychiatric conditions can be mistaken for SE, and understanding this differential is one of the most important tasks of the neurologist and emergency department (ED) physician; treating patients for status who do not have it may be harmful. Many individuals present to the ED or intensive care unit (ICU) with sudden and prolonged behavioral change presumed to be SE but ultimately diagnosed as something else (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). When patients have motor events that mimic convulsive seizures and a history of “known recurrent status epilepticus” or “poorly treated epilepsy,” the bias that these events represent true seizures may be strong enough to compel action early—before history, examination, or laboratory testing clarify the diagnosis (9).
Programming the world of uncertain things (keynote)

Computing has entered the era of uncertain data, in which hardware and software generate and reason about estimates. Applications use estimates from sensors, machine learning, big data, humans, and approximate hardware and software. Unfortunately, developers face pervasive correctness, programmability, and optimization problems due to estimates. Most programming languages unfortunately make these problems worse. We propose a new programming abstraction called Uncertain embedded into languages, such as C#, C++, Java, Python, and JavaScript. Applications that consume estimates use familiar discrete operations for their estimates; overloaded conditional operators specify hypothesis tests and applications use them control false positives and negatives; and new compositional operators express domain knowledge. By carefully restricting the expressiveness, the runtime automatically implements correct statistical reasoning at conditionals, relieving developers of the need to implement or deeply understand statistics. We demonstrate substantial programmability, correctness, and efficiency benefits of this programming model for GPS sensor navigation, approximate computing, machine learning, and xBox.
DEFINING THE MECHANISM OF LP(A) LOWERING BY ALIROCUMAB IN TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS

Lp(a) consists of apo(a) covalently bound to apoB of LDL and is a causal, genetic risk factor for CVD and aortic stenosis. PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, such as alirocumab and evolocumab, lower Lp(a) in humans by 9-38%, but the mechanisms are not well defined. We utilized transgenic apo(a)/Lp(a)
Immunobiology of African Trypanosomiasis: New Paradigms, Newer Questions

The immunology of African trypanosomiasis is reviewed and reexamined in light of newer findings over the past decade. New paradigms of host resistance include information that the variant surface glycoprotein specific Ab response is not linked, alone, to overall resistance, and that Th1 cells, IFN-γ and macrophages play a powerful role in providing tissue-specific protection against trypanosomes. New questions concerning the specific role of “antigen pattern” recognition of the VSG coat by B cells, and the potentially interesting role of the trypanosome T lymphocyte triggering factor (TLTF), are addressed. Overall this chapter is aimed at providing the reader with new perspectives on the immunobiology of African sleeping sickness.
Choosing the Source of Stem Cells for Allogeneic Transplantation: No Longer a Peripheral Issue

T HE PREFERRED SOURCE OF stem cells for allogeneic transplantation has become a central question among the transplant community. In the early 1990s, it was found that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)– or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–mobilized peripheral
Effects of extreme transverse deformation on the strength of UHMWPE single filaments for ballistic applications

Fibers used in both soft and hard body armor have very high longitudinal tensile strength and stiffness, but differ drastically in their transverse mechanical properties. Glass and carbon fibers are stiff and brittle in the transverse direction and easily shatter upon projectile impact unless they are cushioned within a soft matrix to disperse the load. In contrast, aramid fibers (e.g., Kevlar 29 and Twaron) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers (e.g., Dyneema and Spectra) have quasi-plastic transverse behavior, with a low yield strength, and thus tend to flatten upon projectile impact, yet retain much of their tensile load-carrying capability. Thus, these polymer fibers are especially suitable for ‘soft’ body armor consisting of stacked sheets or fabrics, whereas the former glass and carbon fibers are useful mainly when aligned in a strong polymer matrix to form a thick plate. In this work, we report on a study of the tensile mechanical properties of single UHMWPE fibers (i.e., single filaments) that have been transversely deformed from their original cylindrical shape to form thin flat micro-tapes with a width-to-thickness ratio of up to 60:1. The deformed, ribbon-like fibers show very high retention in fiber strength, though with increased variability resulting from locally induced defects. Because transverse deformation resulted in more than a factor of three increase in surface area per unit length, the stress transfer length necessary to fully load a fiber near a break was found also to decrease by the same factor, as the corresponding interfacial shear stress remained the same. A Weibull probability analysis revealed that the increase in variability in fiber strength was consistent with a more pronounced length effect. These changes in fiber strength properties were understood through an alteration of the crystalline domains within the fibers due to the extreme deformation.
Measurement of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Using Imx Prostate Specific Antigen Assay

AbstractThe analytical characteristics of singlet determinations of the IMx prostate specific antigen (PSA)††Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois. assay are similar to the mean of duplicates using the Tandem-R‡‡Hybritech, Inc., San Diego, California. PSA assay. The 2 assays are standardized equally and provide test results that correlate well (r = 0.9997). The IMx PSA assay is more automated, requires less technologist time and provides faster test results. This assay has a minimal detection limit of 0.02 to 0.04 ng./ml. and functional sensitivity at a 20% coefficient of variation of 0.06 to 0.13 ng./ml. With a sensitive lot of IMx PSA reagents, only 38% of post-radical prostatectomy patients had nondetectable values compared to 60% with the Tandem-R PSA assay. The within-person, biological standard deviation of PSA concentrations in post-radical prostatectomy patients was 0.01 ng./ml. Therefore, with a sensitive assay these low concentration measurements should be reliable for monitoring. However, ...
NATURE OF THE ACTION CURRENT IN NITELLA : I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.

The outstanding features of the action curve in Nitella are explained as due to the movement of potassium ions accompanied by increase of permeability. This may be useful as a working hypothesis since it accounts not only for the normal behavior but also for many striking deviations which will be treated in subsequent papers. The views here set forth are in harmony with the local circuit theory of stimulation.
Excited State Absorption and Optical Limiting in Solutions of Metallophthalocyanines

Picosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser studies of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction in solutions of metallophthalocyanines and metallonaphthalocyanines are presented. The role of excited state absorption and dynamics in the singlet and triplet manifolds and the implications for passive optical limiters is discussed. Performance of optical limiters based on metallomacrocylic dyes is presented as are results on hybrid optical limiters employing a tandem combination of dye solution and a semiconductor slab.
Seasonal to multi-decadal trends in apparent optical properties in the Sargasso Sea

Abstract Multi-decadal, monthly observations of optical and biogeochemical properties, made as part of the Bermuda Bio-Optics Project (BBOP) at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the Sargasso Sea, allow for the examination of temporal trends in vertical light attenuation and their potential controls. Trends in the magnitude of the diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd(λ), and a proxy for its spectral shape reflect changes in phytoplankton and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) characteristics. The length and methodological consistency of this time series provide an excellent opportunity to extend analyses of seasonal cycles of apparent optical properties to interannual and decadal time scales. Here, we characterize changes in the magnitude and spectral shape proxy of diffuse attenuation coefficient spectra and compare them to available biological and optical data from the BATS time series program. The time series analyses reveal a 1.01%±0.18% annual increase of the magnitude of the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 443 nm over the upper 75 m of the water column while showing no significant change in selected spectral characteristics over the study period. These and other observations indicate that changes in phytoplankton rather than changes in CDOM abundance are the primary driver for the diffuse attenuation trends on multi-year timescales for this region. Our findings are inconsistent with previous decadal-scale global ocean water clarity and global satellite ocean color analyses yet are consistent with recent analyses of the BATS time series and highlight the value of long-term consistent observation at ocean time series sites.
Effects of Chromium on Glucose Tolerance in Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Therapy

Objectives: Early hyperglycemia is prevalent in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. Chromium improves glucose tolerance by potentiating the action of insulin. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing PN with chromium would improve glucose tolerance and PN calorie delivery in infants during the first week of life. Methods: We collected data on neonates receiving PN initiated at birth with chromium (0.2 mcg/kg/d) started either on days 5–7 (group A) vs day 1 (group B) on PN and compared glucose tolerance and PN calorie administration over the first week of life. Results: For similar mean serum glucose concentrations between group A (n = 348) and B (n = 358) (107 ± 48 vs 111 ± 52 mg/dL, P = .3), infants in group B tolerated higher glucose infusion rates and received more PN calories during the first week of life: 8.4 ± 2 vs 8 ± 2 mg/kg/min (P < .001) and 74.8 ± 23 vs 71.5 ± 12 kcal/kg/d (P = .017), respectively. The difference in calories delivered was more pronounced among very...
Laser-Assisted Treatment of Peri-implantitis

Dental lasers are becoming a useful adjunct in the treatment of ailing and failing implants with their ability to remove diseased tissue, decontaminate implant surfaces, and stimulate growth factors, fibroblast attachment, and collagen deposition. When compared to conventional treatment outcomes, reported clinical improvements resulting from laser-assisted treatment of peri-implantitis include reductions in probing depth, bleeding, suppuration, and implant mobility, with evidence of bone formation and reosseointegration. Future research is expected to optimize clinical efficacy and predictability of laser treatment in the long term.
Gaseous swelling of U3Si2 during steady-state LWR operation: A rate theory investigation

Abstract Rate theory simulations of fission gas behavior in U 3 Si 2 are reported for light water reactor (LWR) steady-state operation scenarios. A model of U 3 Si 2 was developed and implemented into the GRASS-SST code based on available research reactor post-irradiation examination (PIE) data, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of key material properties. The reliability of the model was examined by performing sensitivity analysis of the key parameters. Simplified peripheral models were also introduced to capture the fuel-cladding interaction. The simulations identified three regimes of U 3 Si 2 swelling behavior between 390 K and 1190 K. Under typical steady-state LWR operating conditions where U 3 Si 2 temperature is expected to be below 1000 K, intragranular bubbles are dominant and fission gas is retained in those bubbles. The consequent gaseous swelling is low and associated degradation in the fuel thermal conductivity is also limited. Those predictions of U 3 Si 2 performance during steady-state operations in LWRs suggest that this fuel material is an appropriate LWR candidate fuel material. Fission gas behavior models established based on this work are being coupled to the thermo-mechanical simulation of the fuel behavior using the BISON fuel performance multi-dimensional finite element code.
An Approximate Approach for Nonlinear System Evolutionary Response Spectrum Determination via Wavelets

A novel harmonic wavelet-based statistical linearization approach is proposed for determining the evolutionary power spectrum (EPS) of the response of nonlinear oscillators subject to stochastic excitation. Specifically, first a mathematically rigorous wavelet-based representation of non-stationary stochastic processes is presented. Next, a representation of the process corresponding to a specific scale and translation level is derived. This procedure leads to an EPS estimation approach which is applicable for estimating not only separable but non-separable in time and frequency EPS as well. Next, focusing on the case of the stochastic response of a nonlinear system and relying on the orthogonality properties of the developed representation an excitation-response EPS relationship is derived via statistical linearization. The approach involves the concept of assigning optimal and response dependent equivalent stiffness and damping elements corresponding to the specific frequency and time bands. This leads to an iterative determination of the EPS of the oscillator response. Pertinent Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the reliability and versatility of the approach.
Columbus: Enabling Scalable Scientific Workflows for Fast Evolving Spatio-Temporal Sensor Data

As spatiotemporal sensor data collections are becoming more available, the ability to generate insights from them is turning increasingly complex for scientists in this domain. Organizing such voluminous data and keeping track of analysis results get tedious from day to day. In this paper, we propose a system comprising a distributed workflow execution engine, a storage framework with flexible spatiotemporal data dispersion and indexing scheme for fast data search and retrieval, and a scheduling scheme that aims at minimizing data movement across machines while simultaneously ensuring fair and efficient allocation of resources among multiple users. Our empirical evaluations demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and its ability to scale.
IgE promotes type 2 innate lymphoid cells in murine food allergy.

Background Mast cells serve an important sentinel function at mucosal barriers and have been implicated as key early inducers of type 2 immune responses in food allergy. The generation of Th2 and IgE following food allergen ingestion is inhibited in the absence of mast cells. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are also thought to play an important early role in nascent allergic responses. Objective To test whether IgE-mediated mast cell activation promotes intestinal ILC2 responses following ingestion of food allergens and whether ILC2 amplify food allergy. Methods Two different mouse models of food allergy, one using intraperitoneally ovalbumin (OVA)-primed BALB/c animals and the other using enterally peanut-sensitized inherently atopic IL4raF709 mice, were applied to test the contributions of IgE antibodies and mast cells to ILC2 responses. The effect of ILC2 on mast cell activation and on anaphylaxis was tested. Results ILC2 responses were significantly impaired in both models of food allergy in Igh7-/- mice harbouring a targeted deletion of the gene encoding IgE. A similar reduction in food allergen-induced ILC2 was observed in mast cell-deficient Il4raF709 KitW-sh mice, and this was partially corrected by reconstituting these animals using cultured bone marrow mast cells. Mast cells activated ILC2 for IL-13 production in an IL-4Rα-dependent manner. Activated ILC2 amplified systemic anaphylaxis by increasing target tissue sensitivity to mast cell mediators. Conclusions and clinical relevance These findings support an important role for IgE-activated mast cells in driving intestinal ILC2 expansion in food allergy and reveal that ILC2, in turn, can enhance responsiveness to the mediators of anaphylaxis produced by mast cells. Strategies designed to inhibit IgE signalling or mast cell activation are likely to inhibit both type 2 immunity and immediate hypersensitivity in food allergy.
106 Effect of Heat-Stress on Antral Follicle Count and Serum Concentration of Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Bos taurus Crossbred Beef Cows

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has become an important tool for the selection of donors with high antral follicle count and high superovulatory response for in vivo or in vitro embryo production programs. The serum concentration of AMH is becoming a suitable selection marker because it presents minimal variation during the oestrous cycle and is repeatable during multiple cycles. It is known that heat stress results in decreased production of reproductive steroid and protein hormones in stressed animals. Importantly, the effect of heat stress on the serum concentration of AMH is still unknown. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the antral follicle count and AMH serum concentration levels during the spring to summer transition to assess the effect of heat stress in these parameters. Ten Bos taurus crossbred non-lactating beef cows (body condition 4–8 on 9-pt scale; mean = 6.7) were used in the experiment. Dominant follicle removal was performed 5 days before sample collection and antral follicle count. Blood was collected through caudal tail venipuncture in serum collection tubes. Antral follicle count was performed through trans-vaginal ultrasound imaging of ovaries where follicles ≥2 to 3 mm were counted. Serum AMH concentration was measured utilising the Bovine AMH ELISA kit AL-114. Blood sampling and antral follicle count was performed at midmonth during April, May, June, and July. Serum AMH and antral follicle count was analysed by ANOVA. Days with average temperature-humidity index (THI) >75 (mild stress) per month were 0/30, 6/31, 26/30, and 31/31 for April, May, June, and July, respectively. Days with average THI >79 (high stress) per month were 0/30, 0/31, 6/30, and 14/31 for April, May, June, and July, respectively. The total antral follicle count for both ovaries (mean ± SE) was 36.1 ± 4.20, 48.1 ± 7.19, 34.2 ± 4.19, and 46.5 ± 5.85 for April, May, June, and July, respectively. There was no difference (P = 0.1936) in antral follicle count between months. Serum AMH concentration (ng mL−1) was 0.554 ± 0.14, 0.857 ± 0.21, 0.513 ± 0.12, and 0.575 ± 0.13 for April, May, June, and July, respectively. There was no difference (P = 0.3851) in AMH serum concentration between months. The concentration of AMH/follicle (AMH serum concentration/antral follicle count; ng mL−1) was 0.0150 ± 0.0028, 0.0166 ± 0.0018, 0.0152 ± 0.0036, and 0.0123 ± 0.0025 for April, May, June, and July, respectively. There was no difference (P = 0.7385) in the concentration of AMH/follicle between months. Results of the experiment showed that heat stress does not affect antral follicle count, AMH serum concentration, or concentration of AMH/follicle and suggest that granulosa cell function in terms of AMH production is not affected by heat stress during the spring to summer transition.
Transjugular liver biopsy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt (DIPS): Is it feasible, effective, and safe?

Abstract Purpose To evaluate our experience with transjugular liver biopsies (TJLB) in patients with previously placed transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt (DIPS). Material and methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed looking at all TJLBs in patients with previously placed TIPS or DIPS over the past seven years. There were six men and one woman (mean age 57.9 ± 8.8 [SD] years; range: 47–71 years). Patient demographics, indications, procedural details, laboratory data, complications, and pathology were recorded. Patients with occluded TIPS were excluded from this study. Results Seven TJLBs were performed, five in patients who had a TIPS and two who had a DIPS. Of the patients with TIPS, biopsies were performed from the same hepatic vein as TIPS in three procedures and from a different hepatic vein in two procedures. In DIPS patients, both biopsies were performed from the right hepatic vein. The reasons for the transjugular rather than the percutaneous approach to liver biopsy included ascites, coagulopathy, or need for concurrent TIPS/DIPS evaluation and/or revision. All procedures were technically successful with adequate samples obtained. There were no immediate or delayed complications. Conclusion Our results suggest that if needed a TJLB can safely and effectively be performed in patients with previously placed TIPS or DIPS.
Shifting patterns: How satisfaction alters career change intentions

Abstract Advancing a nascent stream of research linking career attitudes and paths to future professional mobility, this paper investigated how the career satisfaction interacted with both a protean career orientation and career variety to predict the career change intentions of hotel managers. Based on two studies this paper found that, protean career orientation and career variety had effects on career change intentions that were moderated by career satisfaction. Specifically, when hotel managers were less satisfied with their careers they reported as being less likely to continue following their established career path. However, when career satisfaction increased hotel managers were more likely to intend follow their previously established career paths and reported behavioral intentions consistent with their career orientations.
Bacteriophage Biology and Kenneth Schaffner's Rendition of Developmentalism

In this paper I consider Kenneth Schaffner's(1998) rendition of ''developmentalism'' from the point of viewof bacteriophage biology. I argue that the fact that a viablephage can be produced from purified DNA and host cellularcomponents lends some support to the anti-developmentalist, ifthey first show that one can draw a principled distinctionbetween genetic and environmental effects. The existence ofhost-controlled phage host range restriction supports thedevelopmentalist's insistence on the parity of DNA andenvironment. However, in the case of bacteriophage, thedevelopmentalist stands on less firm ground than when organismswith nervous systems, such as Schaffner's C. elegans, areconsidered.
Deep Learning for Math Knowledge Processing

The vast and fast-growing STEM literature makes it imperative to develop systems for automated math-semantics extraction from technical content, and for semantically-enabled processing of such content. Grammar-based techniques alone are inadequate for the task. We present a new project for using deep learning (DL) for that purpose. It will explore a number of DL and representation-learning models, which have shown superior performance in applications that involve sequences of data. As math and science involve sequences of text, symbols and equations, such as deep learning models are expected to deliver good performance in math-semantics extraction and processing.
The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Emotion Dysregulation and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Trauma-Exposed Inpatient Adolescents

The present investigation examined the underlying role of anxiety sensitivity and its facets in the association between emotion dysregulation and three of the most prevalent and debilitating symptom classes among trauma-exposed psychiatric inpatient youth: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. Participants (N = 50; 52.0% female; Mage = 15.1 years, SD = .51, range 12–17 years) completed an assessment battery that included measures of emotion dysregulation anxiety sensitivity, PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, the global construct of anxiety sensitivity, as well as its mental incapacitation concerns and disease concerns facets, explained, in part, associations between emotion dysregulation and the three symptom classes. The study results provide novel and clinically meaningful findings regarding the potential mechanistic role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation of emotion dysregulation to PTSD and internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed inpatient adolescents. As such, findings underscore the potential value of targeting anxiety sensitivity in general, and mental incapacitation and disease concerns specifically, as a means of reducing risk for internalizing psychopathology among trauma-exposed inpatient youth.
The Challenge of Providing Gifted Education

Introduction to this special issue of Global Education Review that explores gifted education. Though there is a lack of universal consensus on a definition of giftedness there is some agreement that giftedness involves multiple qualities, not just intellectual ones. Gifted education programs vary both among and within countries and who is served in these programs depends largely on the definitions used. The topics explored in this issue include perceptions and policies of gifted education in cultures and countries across the globe; the presumed dichotomy of equity and excellence in countries as different in ideologies as the United States and China; underrepresentation of culturally diverse students, a problem that has plagued the field for decades; gifted education in rural communities; and using a virtual environment for students to pose and share mathematical problems.
Temporal Trends in Unstable Angina Diagnosis Codes for Outpatient Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.

This study examines the appropriate use of percutaneous coronary interventions in New York, Michigan, and Florida using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project state databases.
A Temporal Recurrent Neural Network Approach to Detecting Market Anomaly Attacks Submission Type: Short Paper

In recent years, the spreading of malicious social media messages about financial stocks has threatened the security of financial market. Market Anomaly Attacks is an illegal practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions based on false information. Identifying these threats from noisy social media datasets remains challenging because of the long time sequence in these social media postings, ambiguous textual context and the difficulties for traditional deep learning approaches to handle both temporal and text dependent data such as financial social media messages. This research developed a temporal recurrent neural network (TRNN) approach to capturing both time and text sequence dependencies for intelligent detection of market anomalies. We tested the approach by using financial social media of U.S. technology companies and their stock returns. Compared with traditional neural network approaches, TRNN was found to more efficiently and effectively classify abnormal returns.
Who Is Responsible for Delhi Air Pollution? Indian Newspapers’ Framing of Causes and Solutions

In 2018, the World Health Organization declared Delhi the most polluted city on the planet. This study examines how the Indian print news media has framed the issue of Delhi air pollution, and framed responsibilities for its causes and solutions. This content analysis examines stories from The Times of India, Hindustan Times, and The Hindu for news coverage of Delhi air pollution between 2011 and 2016, when Delhi was enveloped in the worst toxic smog. Findings revealed that personal-level causal attributions (i.e., cars) were mentioned more frequently than were societal-level or other causes (industrial emissions and weather). The responsibility for solutions was attributed to the government and businesses, however, and not to individuals, which may be due to the nation’s high-context culture. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.
Where's the Science? Exploring a New Science Teacher Educator's Theoretical and Practical Understandings of Scientific Inquiry.

The purpose for this self-study was to explore the theoretical and practical understandings of scientific inquiry inherent in our elementary teacher preparation program, specifically those of new instructors. Although scientific inquiry and inquiry-based learning are emphasized in our program, several new instructors, doctoral students hired to teach undergraduate courses, expressed some discomfort with the lesser amount of traditional science content that could be found in the course syllabi. To support their development and our own understandings of how to guide them as they begin teaching in higher education, it was important that we understood the transition in regard to teaching scientific inquiry and using inquiry-based pedagogy. Thus, we conducted this collaborative self-study on how a new instructor, experiencing such discomfort, was experiencing a transition in which her epistemology of science was being challenged. The implications of the findings, which derived from critical friend meetings, journal entries, and student artifacts from the scientific inquiry course she taught, serve to inform the field of science education in terms of new science teacher educators moving from a traditional teacher-centered science classroom into a student-centered classroom.
Shear-induced platelet aggregation: 3D-grayscale microfluidics for repeatable and localized occlusive thrombosis.

Atherothrombosis leads to complications of myocardial infarction and stroke as a result of shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). Clinicians and researchers may benefit from diagnostic and benchtop microfluidic assays that assess the thrombotic activity of an individual. Currently, there are several different proposed point-of-care diagnostics and microfluidic thrombosis assays with different design parameters and end points. The microfluidic geometry, surface coatings, and anticoagulation may strongly influence the precision of these assays. Variability in selected end points also persists, leading to ambiguous results. This study aims to assess the effects of three physiologically relevant extrinsic design factors on the variability of a single end point to provide a quantified rationale for design parameter and end-point standardization. Using a design of experiments approach, we show that the methods of channel fabrication and collagen surface coating significantly impact the variability of occlusion time from porcine whole blood, while anticoagulant selection between heparin and citrate did not significantly impact the variability. No factor was determined to significantly impact the mean occlusion time within the assay. Occlusive thrombus was found to consistently form in the first third (333 μm) of the high shear zone and not in the shear gradient regions. The selection of these factors in the design of point-of-care diagnostics and experimental SIPA assays may lead to increased precision and specificity in high shear thrombosis studies.
Hierarchical Galloaluminosilicate MFI Catalysts for Ethane Nonoxidative Dehydroaromatization

This study presented an approach to overcome diffusion limitation and imbalance between Bronsted and Lewis acidities that affect conversion and aromatic yield in alkane nonoxidative dehydroaromatiz...
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAKAGE THROUGH THE CEMENT LINE OF A SINGLE OSTEON

This work focuses on the Lacunar–Canalicular Porosity (PLC) of cortical bone which includes the osteons. Osteons are semicylindrical porous structures saturated with fluid within the bone and are a...
The many flavors of monocyte/macrophage--endothelial cell interactions.

Purpose of review The well recognized plasticity and diversity, typical of monocytes and macrophages have recently been expanded by the knowledge that additional macrophage lineages originated directly from embryonic progenitors, populate and establish residency in all tissues examined so far. This review aims to summarize our current understanding on the diversity of monocyte/macrophage subtypes associated with the vasculature, their specific origins, and nature of their cross-talk with the endothelium. Recent findings Taking stock of the many interactions between the endothelium and monocytes/macrophages reveals a far more intricate and ever-growing depth. In addition to circulating and surveilling the endothelium, monocytes can specifically be differentiated into patrolling cells that crawl on the surface of the endothelium and promote homeostasis. The conversion of classical to patrolling is endothelium-dependent uncovering an important functional link. In addition to patrolling cells, the endothelium also recruits and harbor an intimal-resident myeloid population that resides in the tunica intima in the absence of pathological insults. Moreover, the adventitia is populated with resident macrophages that support blood vessel integrity and prevent fibrosis. Summary The last few years have witnessed a significant expansion in our knowledge of the many subtypes of monocytes and macrophages and their corresponding functional interactions with the vascular wall. In addition to surveying the endothelium for opportunities of diapedeses, monocyte and macrophages take residence in both the intima (as patrolling or resident) and in the adventitia. Their contributions to vascular function are broad and critical to homeostasis, regeneration, and expansion.
5.51 – Fibromyalgia

The pathogenesis of fibromyalgia (FM) pain is currently unknown, but abnormal responses to chronic stress may play a critical role for many FM abnormalities, including increased temporal summation of pain, fatigue, and negative affect. Central pain mechanisms appear to be relevant for clinical FM pain, because up to 50% of the variance can be explained by central sensitization and affective distress. In addition, tonic peripheral nociceptive input may play an important role for the initiation and maintenance of FM pain. Although only infrequently cured, FM, like many other chronic pain syndromes, is a treatable illness. Effective disease management programs include tricyclic antidepressants, aerobic exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapies. Future treatment strategies, however, will benefit from interventions that focus on abnormal FM pain mechanisms, including peripheral and central sensitization as well as negative affect.
Variable area, constant force shock absorption motivated by traumatic brain injury prevention

Compact and efficient energy absorption is desirable for numerous applications including manufacturing, transportation, and protective equipment. An ideal shock absorber is a smart material or structure that can adapt its force-displacement properties to minimize the peak impact force regardless of the impact energy. While traditional shock absorbers can produce precisely-tuned ideal force profiles, they are rigid devices that only compress half of their total length, limiting utility in space-constrained applications. Energy absorbers that are soft and collapsible, such as foams, do not have ideal force profiles and generally have insufficient viscoelasticity to adapt to different impact energies. Here, we present a smart structure concept–variable area shock absorption (VASA)–that leverages a changing contact area in a hydraulically damped collapsible system to passively adapt the force to the minimum necessary to absorb the energy of an impact. Using an analytical fluid dynamics model, we derived the contact area as a function of compression to produce a constant force over the entire stroke of a fixed-orifice damper, and validate this concept experimentally using a preliminary 3D-printed prototype. The VASA prototype follows the constant force profile with a NRMSE between 0.02 - 0.25 at impact speeds between 2.3 and 4.3 m/s. This new approach for absorbing energy is compatible with full collapse of the absorber, enabling soft devices for space-constrained applications in future work. Potential applications include helmets that must absorb energy at a near-minimum force level across multiple impact energy levels.
Resuscitating (and Refusing) Cartesian Representations of Daily Life: When Mobile and Grid Epistemologies of the City Meet.

In community planning, the consequence of a failed or productive teaching and learning interaction could mean the preservation or destruction of someone’s house, a neighborhood school, a park, all ...
Impact of Field of Study Trend on Scientific Articles

The volume and diversity of scientific literature are escalating every day and millions of new scientific articles are published every year. Researchers work and publish in their respective fields of interest. A major portion of the scientific community publishing in the same field of interest forms a trend in the field which could be deemed as relatively more popular than other trends. A pioneering researcher picks a field of interest by depending upon its popularity. This may have a positive impact on the acceptance of a study or high count of citations in future. This study identifies how significant it is to follow a research trend and the impact of the field of study (FoS) trend on research paper citations. For this purpose, we have chosen the field of Computer Science and Microsoft Academic Graph dataset from the 2007–2015 time period. In the dataset, every paper has a list of fields of study. The FoS provided in MAG is systematized hierarchically into 4 levels; level-0 – level-3. In this study, we apply the clustering technique to the FoS and citations pattern separately. Likewise, we also analyze how papers following a FoS trend, gain citations over the time. We also introduce a novel method Field of Study Multigraph (FoM) using graph centrality measures degree, betweenness and closeness to analyze the FoS trend, citation trend, and the relation between research areas in scientific articles from the domain of Computer Science. The experimental results show that the FoS has a certain impact on citation count. Furthermore, the results depicts that if papers belong to the same FoS, then there are 66% of the chances of having a similar citation pattern and that they have the same citation trend as they also achieved a high correlation value. This proves that a FoS has a certain impact on the citation count of a paper and researchers should contemplate the FoS trend before selecting a particular research area.
Comparing Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms Reported via Questionnaires Versus a Novel Structured Interview.

Objective Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms are typically assessed via questionnaires in research, yet questionnaires may be more prone to biases than direct clinical interviews. We compared mTBI symptoms reported on two widely used self-report inventories and the novel Structured Interview of TBI Symptoms (SITS). Second, we explored the association between acquiescence response bias and symptom reporting across modes of assessment. Method Level 1 trauma center patients with mTBI (N = 73) were recruited within 2 weeks of injury, assessed at 3 months post-TBI, and produced nonacquiescent profiles. Assessments collected included the SITS (comprising open-ended and closed-ended questions), Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3 (SCAT-3) symptom checklist, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r) scale. Results Current mTBI symptom burden and individual symptom endorsement were highly concordant between SITS closed-ended questions, the RPQ, and the SCAT-3. Within the SITS, participants reported significantly fewer mTBI symptoms to open-ended as compared to later closed-ended questions, and this difference was weakly correlated with TRIN-r. Symptom scales were weakly associated with TRIN-r. Conclusions mTBI symptom reporting varies primarily by whether questioning is open- vs. closed-ended but not by mode of assessment (interview, questionnaire). Acquiescence response bias appears to play a measurable but small role in mTBI symptom reporting overall and the degree to which participants report more symptoms to closed- than open-ended questioning. These findings have important implications for mTBI research and support the validity of widely used TBI symptom inventories.