cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An $X$ -Band Pulsed Load Modulation Transmitter With Multilevel Envelope Delta–Sigma Modulations

Switched mode RF power amplifiers (PAs) under bitstream modulations, such as bandpass or envelope delta–sigma modulations (EDSMs), have received increasing attentions over the past years. Such amplifiers offer high power efficiencies under power back-off conditions with pulse train voltage waveforms yet maintain their linearity in amplification through digital coding and modulations. This paper presented an $X$ -band switched mode PA based on the pulsed load modulation (PLM) technique with multilevel EDSM to realize broadband efficient amplification of nonconstant-envelope signals. The complete theory of power efficiency for PLM under three-level EDSM is presented. The $X$ -band PA is implemented with 0.25- $\mu \text{m}$ discrete GaN transistors from Triquint. Both two-level and three-level EDSM techniques were tested and compared in regard to their quantization noise levels and power efficiencies. Under the three-level EDSM, the PA delivered 34.6-dBm output power for a WCDMA uplink signal with 100-MHz bandwidth and 5.3-dB peak-to-average power ratio at the carrier frequency of 9.2 GHz. The measured drain efficiency and the power-added efficiency with the modulation were 34.6% and 26.5%, respectively. The adjacent channel leakage power ratio at the output was measured to be 32.2/32.3 dBc at the 100-MHz offsets without using digital predistortion.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Health-Care Utilization Among Children in the United States

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess patterns of health-care utilization among children who potentially had tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) compared to those who were not exposed.Design:A secondary data analysis of the 2011 to 2012 National Survey on Children’s Health was performed.Setting:Households nationwide were selected.Participants:A total of 95 677 children aged 0 to 17 years.Measures:Sociodemographic characteristics, TSE status, and health-care visits were measured.Analysis:Multivariable logistic regression models were performed.Results:A total of 24.1% of children lived with smokers. Approximately 5% had home TSE. Participants who lived with a smoker were significantly more likely to have had a medical care visit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-1.22) and were more likely to seek sick care or health advice at an emergency department (OR = 1.23, CI = 1.23-1.24) but were less likely to have had a dental care visit (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.82-0.83) than those who did not li...
Inactivation of the olfactory marker protein (OMP) gene in river dolphins and other odontocete cetaceans

Various toothed whales (Odontoceti) are unique among mammals in lacking olfactory bulbs as adults and are thought to be anosmic (lacking the olfactory sense). At the molecular level, toothed whales have high percentages of pseudogenic olfactory receptor genes, but species that have been investigated to date retain an intact copy of the olfactory marker protein gene (OMP), which is highly expressed in olfactory receptor neurons and may regulate the temporal resolution of olfactory responses. One hypothesis for the retention of intact OMP in diverse odontocete lineages is that this gene is pleiotropic with additional functions that are unrelated to olfaction. Recent expression studies provide some support for this hypothesis. Here, we report OMP sequences for representatives of all extant cetacean families and provide the first molecular evidence for inactivation of this gene in vertebrates. Specifically, OMP exhibits independent inactivating mutations in six different odontocete lineages: four river dolphin genera (Platanista, Lipotes, Pontoporia, Inia), sperm whale (Physeter), and harbor porpoise (Phocoena). These results suggest that the only essential role of OMP that is maintained by natural selection is in olfaction, although a non-olfactory role for OMP cannot be ruled out for lineages that retain an intact copy of this gene. Available genome sequences from cetaceans and close outgroups provide evidence of inactivating mutations in two additional genes (CNGA2, CNGA4), which imply further pseudogenization events in the olfactory cascade of odontocetes. Selection analyses demonstrate that evolutionary constraints on all three genes (OMP, CNGA2, CNGA4) have been greatly reduced in Odontoceti, but retain a signature of purifying selection on the stem Cetacea branch and in Mysticeti (baleen whales). This pattern is compatible with the 'echolocation-priority' hypothesis for the evolution of OMP, which posits that negative selection was maintained in the common ancestor of Cetacea and was not relaxed significantly until the evolution of echolocation in Odontoceti.
Bladder cancer treatment response assessment using deep learning in CT with transfer learning

We are developing a CAD system for bladder cancer treatment response assessment in CT. We compared the performance of the deep-learning convolution neural network (DL-CNN) using different network sizes, and with and without transfer learning using natural scene images or regions of interest (ROIs) inside and outside the bladder. The DL-CNN was trained to identify responders (T0 disease) and non-responders to chemotherapy. ROIs were extracted from segmented lesions in pre- and post-treatment scans of a patient and paired to generate hybrid pre-post-treatment paired ROIs. The 87 lesions from 82 patients generated 104 temporal lesion pairs and 6,700 pre-post-treatment paired ROIs. Two-fold cross-validation and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the DL-CNN estimates. The AUCs for prediction of T0 disease after treatment were 0.77±0.08 and 0.75±0.08, respectively, for the two partitions using DL-CNN without transfer learning and a small network, and were 0.74±0.07 and 0.74±0.08 with a large network. The AUCs were 0.73±0.08 and 0.62±0.08 with transfer learning using a small network pre-trained with bladder ROIs. The AUC values were 0.77±0.08 and 0.73±0.07 using the large network pre-trained with the same bladder ROIs. With transfer learning using the large network pretrained with the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10) data set, the AUCs were 0.72±0.06 and 0.64±0.09, respectively, for the two partitions. None of the differences in the methods reached statistical significance. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of using DL-CNN for the estimation of treatment response in CT. Transfer learning did not improve the treatment response estimation. The DL-CNN performed better when transfer learning with bladder images was used instead of natural scene images.
Recurrent stingers in an adolescent American football player: dilemmas of return to play. A case report and review of the literature

We present the case of a 16-year-old football linebacker with a history of recurrent stingers. Initial physical examination was normal as were cervical spine radiographs. MRI of the cervical spine revealed relative stenosis. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed chronic bilateral neurogenic changes of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. A Kerr Collar was obtained to minimize head acceleration and force transmission through the neck. While there are return-to-play guidelines for recurrent stingers, there are inconsistencies with those recommendations. Our case highlights the challenges in contact sport athletes with recurrent stingers.
An Evaluation Index for Cross Ventilation Based on CFD Simulations and Ventilation Prediction Model Using Machine Learning algorithms

Abstract High-density cities usually surfer deterioration of the urban built environment due to slow or stagnant air movement. This deterioration could be mitigated by improved urban natural ventilation through good urban planning and building design. However, indoor natural ventilation requirements in current building standards only define absolute indoor air speed without considering outdoor conditions. To fill this gap, this paper developed generic urban-scale coupled indoor and outdoor CFD models and proposes a new integrated index (CIOI index) to evaluate indoor natural ventilation potential, which couples both indoor and outdoor wind environments. CIOI v regression models are developed by applying machine learning algorithms based on 3,840 CFD simulation results. The Gradient Boosting (GB) model shows an improved performance in terms of higher correlation ( R 2 =0.8) and lower errors (MAPE=16%) compared with the multivariate linear regression model. Building designers and urban planners can use this CIOI prediction model to quickly check, in the early design stage, the influence of their design variations on indoor ventilation potential.
Intravenous immunoglobulin in drug and device refractory patients with the symptoms of gastroparesis-an open-label study.

Background Gastroparesis is a complex clinical entity; many aspects of which remain unknown. Although most patients have idiopathic, diabetic, or postsurgical gastroparesis, many are thought to have measurable neuromuscular abnormalities. Immunotherapy has recently been utilized to treat suspected autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility. Methods Fourteen patients with symptoms of gastroparesis (Gp) who were refractory to drug/device were selected from 443 Gp patients from 2013 to 2015 who were treated at the University of Louisville motility center. All patients underwent a structural and psychiatric evaluation along with detailed psychological and behavioral examination to rule out eating disorders. We performed detailed neuromuscular evaluation and all 14 patients received at least 12 weeks of intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg infusion weekly). Response was defined subjectively (symptomatic improvement) using standardized IDIOM score system. Key Results All 14 patients had serological evidence and/or tissue evidence of immunological abnormality. Post-IVIG therapy, there was a significant improvement in symptoms scores for nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and abdominal pain. Conclusions and Inferences Although limited by the absence of placebo group, the data illustrate the role of autoimmunity and neuromuscular evaluation in patients with gastroparesis and support the utility of a diagnostic trial of immunotherapy in an effort to improve therapeutic outcomes for such patients.
Leveraging the benefits of ethanol in advanced engine-fuel systems

Abstract Ethanol is one of the most desirable fuels for spark-ignition engines. It offers high-octane quality and a latent heat of vaporization that is four times greater than gasoline on a stoichiometric basis. Anhydrous ethanol can also readily be blended into oil-based fuels, thereby enabling improved engine efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the use of ethanol is currently constrained by low yield production processes and a reliance on considerable amounts of arable land to cultivate the most widely utilized feedstocks. These challenges could be addressed if ethanol was instead derived synthetically from petroleum-based feedstocks. This paper presents a comparative well-to-wheel assessment for three different engine-fuel systems that leverage the benefits of ethanol which has been derived synthetically and from the fermentation of biomass. In the baseline case, anhydrous ethanol (99.5% by volume) derived from corn is used to produce a high-octane E30 gasoline (RON 101). The alternative case considers synthetic hydrous ethanol ( ∼ 90% by volume) which is derived from direct hydration of ethene in a crude oil refinery. Hydrous ethanol is immiscible in gasoline, and is therefore utilized as a high-octane fuel for the Octane-on-Demand concept. The same engine-fuel system operated on anhydrous bioethanol is also considered for comparative purposes. Single cylinder engine tests are first used to characterize the specific fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for the different engine-fuel systems. This data is then used to construct fuel consumption maps to simulate the drive cycle fuel economy of a light-duty vehicle. Finally, the well-to-wheel GHG emissions are computed, with consequent uncertainties assessed using Monte Carlo analysis. The results demonstrate that the well-to-wheel GHG emissions for the three different engine-fuel systems are generally comparable. This is despite the Octane-on-Demand cases offering improved drive cycle fuel economy with respect to the E30 gasoline. These outcomes are shown to be largely insensitive to uncertainties in the upstream fuel production GHG emissions. Overall, this suggests that the use of synthetic ethanol in advanced engine-fuel systems could supplement bioethanol derived from first and second generation feedstocks in the future transport energy mix.
Incorporating Uncertainty in Coal Seam Depth Determination via Seismic Reflection and Geostatistics

Modelling mineral deposits requires the use of all possible source of information. Traditionally, core samples from borehole are the most used way to access the ore body, however this method is expensive and provides information restricted to a close neighbourhood within the sample location. Continuity between sampled points needs to be inferred in order to infill values among bore hole locations using interpolation techniques. In contrast, geophysical methods including seismic reflection provide data at much closer intervals, thus approximating continuous sampling along a seismic section. These data are then used to infer spatial continuity, for example the fault of a coal seam in between bore holes. Wave travel time along the seams is recorded by seismic survey at a dense grid. Additionally, sonic wave velocity logged along boreholes can be interpolated at a dense grid. Sonic Logging provides direct and continuous measurements of the sonic wave velocity at all seams down the holes logged. Therefore, this logged sonic velocity can be simulated within a dense grid compatible to the time grid. Multiple velocity grids (equally probable models) are generated within the simulation framework. In combining both grids, i.e. velocity and time, seam depth can be obtained. Consequently risk in depth determination for each seam due to velocity uncertainty can be assessed. Both data types (time and sonic) are subject to various sources of error. Currently, velocity is indirectly determined using processed seismic data, which may breed errors in geologic sections interpretation. The present paper will show results from a Sonic Logging velocity simulation and its uncertainty determination, in order to use the results in calculating seam depth via seismic reflection and additionally provided a measure for error in this parameter. A case study in a major coal deposit illustrates the procedure.
PCSK9 inhibition: the next statin?

Statins have been approved for the treatment of dyslipidemia for 25 years. This class has demonstrated substantial and consistent reduction of cardiovascular events with an acceptable safety profile. Despite the widespread use of statins, patients continue to experience residual risk. To date,
Phylogeographic assessment of the Heermann’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni)

The Heermann's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni; Rodentia: Heteromyidae) is a Californian endemic primarily found in the dry, gravelly grassland and open chaparral habitats of the San Joaquin Valley. Current taxonomy (based on morphology and habitat use) recognizes nine subspecies within this kangaroo rat species. Management practices of D. heermanni primarily are based on this classification, but this taxonomy may not accurately reflect unique lineages in need of conservation. Using molecular and morphological data, we performed a phylogeographic assessment of D. heermanni across the full geographic range of the species. Phylogenetic and network analyses of mitochondrial data from over 90 museum specimens (representing all nine subspecies distributed across the range of the species) revealed no substantial genetic differentiation within D. heermanni. Similarly, a geometric morphometric analysis of the crania of over 200 adult D. heermanni museum specimens (again representing all subspecies across the geographic distribution of species) resulted in no apparent morphological clustering across geography. Our results indicate that recognition of none of the nine subspecies is warranted and that conservation and management practices of D. heermanni are in need of revision.
Ketogenic diet rescues cognition in ApoE4+ patient with mild Alzheimer's disease: A case study.

Abstract It has been established that there is a correlation between Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein E, specifically the ApoE4 genetic variant. However, the correlation between Apoe4, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) pathologies still remains elusive. As apolipoprotein E has many important physiological functions, individuals with the ApoE4 allele variant, also known as the Alzheimer's disease gene, are primarily at a greater risk for physiological consequences, specifically cognitive impairment (Chan et al., 2016). In this case study, a 71-year old female, heterozygous for ApoE4 with a family history of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the dual diagnosis of mild AD/metabolic syndrome (MetS) was placed on a 10-week nutrition protocol purposed at raising plasma ketones through carbohyrdrate restricted, high fat ketogenic diet (KD), time- restricted eating and physical/cognitive exercise. Primary biomarkers for MetS were measured pre/mid-/post intervention. The MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was administered pre/post intervention by a licensed clinical therapist. The results were statistically significant. The HOMA-IR decreased by 75% from 13.9 to 3.48. Triglycerides decreased by 50% from 170mg/dL to 85mg/dL. VLDL dropped by 50% from 34mg/dL to 17mg/dL, and HgA1c decreased from 5.7% to 4.9%. The baseline MoCA score was 21/30; post treatment score was 28/30. The significant results in both MetS biomarkers and the MoCA score suggest that a ketogenic diet may serve to rescue cognition in patients with mild AD. The results of this case study are particularly compelling for ApoE4 positive (ApoE4+) subjects as ketogenic protocols extend hope and promise for AD prevention.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Context of Cardiac Rehabilitation

Evidence supports that participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves functional capacity and reduces mortality. Therefore, CR has become an important modality as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for patients with cardiovascular diseases. There is a known relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), either estimated as METs achieved or as measured peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) during an exercise test, and outcomes in patients who participate in cardiac rehabilitation. This chapter reviews these relationships and describes the baseline CRF level as well as its change in response to cardiac rehabilitation participation in the various patients who participate. Where possible, this information is segregated by patient etiology.
Statistical Significance Tests for Machine Translation Evaluation.

If two translation systems differ differ in performance on a test set, can we trust that this indicates a difference in true system quality? To answer this question, we describe bootstrap resampling methods to compute statistical significance of test results, and validate them on the concrete example of the BLEU score. Even for small test sizes of only 300 sentences, our methods may give us assurances that test result differences are real.
Diabetic Eye Disease

In the year 2000, the number of patients in the United States known to have diabetic retinopathy was believed to be about 4 million. Recent National Eye Institute studies estimated that among people older than 40 years of age, there were approximately 8 million known cases in 2010 and project that the number of cases of diabetic retinopathy in the United States will most likely double over the next 40 years, to an estimated 15 million in 2050. In 2007, the estimated number of diabetics in the United States was approximately 24 million (NIDDK), yet the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes cases was estimated to be close to 6 million people; one can assume that the numbers for undiagnosed diabetic eye disease are similarly underestimated. Diabetic retinopathy is cited as the leading cause of new cases of blindness in persons aged 20–74, and about 12% of new cases of blindness yearly are attributed to diabetes. It is believed that in 60–90% of those cases, visual loss could have been prevented with early detection and management. Despite this, it has been estimated that about one-third of US diabetic patients have never had an eye exam, and only two-thirds of those with high-risk proliferative retinopathy or clinically significant macular edema have had an ophthalmic evaluation within 2 years.
Microstructure-dependent electrochemical properties of chemical-vapor deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

Abstract Conductive polymer electrodes hold exceptional promise in energy conversion technologies and bioelectronics due to the inherent mechanical flexibility and synthetic tunability of physical, chemical, and electronic properties. Solution-processing is favorable to retain low-cost but can often result in heterogeneity of physical and electronic structure due to non-conjugated side chains and polyionic dopants creating insulating domains. Such a complex landscape limits control and systematic understanding of fundamental properties including electrical and ionic transport and rates of electron transfer central to overall device efficiencies. Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) offers a promising route to simultaneously synthesize and deposit conductive polymer films at low temperatures (
Investigation of Factors Affecting Pistachio Orchards’ Productivity in Kerman Province

Investigation of factors affecting total and partial productivity with applying these factors for reforming producers' economical/ technical management may provide a proper base for enhancing productivity and profitability as well, and then leading a more sustainable situation for Pistachio orchards in the future. In this paper with respect to scattering type of statistical population, a multi stage cluster random sampling method applied for data collection. The 200 producers selected based on area planted in each region and interviewed personally, with completing a research questionnaire, during 2012-2015. Turnquist- till index, multi-variable regression and analysis of variances applied to investigate orchards productivity and factors affected. Results indicated that average productivity, maximum productivity and productivity growth rate had declined during study period. Results also indicated that producers’ education level and chemical fertilizers amount had positive effect on total productivity, but number of garden fractions, number of family members, ratio of the number of male to female tress and amount of organic manures had negative effect on total productivity. Results also revealed that partial productivity of Labour force, fluid fertilizers, organic manures and water resources had positive effects on production per hectare. Finally, to enhance productivity and profitability of farming system and reach to a more sustainable one, it is suggested to provide necessary circumstances for entrance of agricultural graduated people in pistachio production sector, to program an integrate pistachio farms system and to put more effective supervision/monitoring on agricultural inputs and credits market.
Two cases of aquaporin-4 positive neuromyelitis optica associated with T-cell lymphoma

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory condition associated with antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4). To date, 4 cases of B-cell lymphomas have been reported in patients with NMOSD. Here we describe two individuals with AQP4+ NMOSD and T-cell lymphomas (TCL). Conclusion Possible mechanisms that may explain co-existence of NMOSD with TCL include a paraneoplastic syndrome leading to AQP4 antibody production, or a generalized dysfunction of the adaptive immune system. Both patients were diagnosed with NMOSD and initiated on anti-CD20 agents prior to lymphoma diagnosis, though the short duration of exposure argues against a direct role. Further research is needed to examine the rate of lymphoproliferative disorders in NMOSD.
Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), which is a novel bunyavirus. SFTSV was first isolated from patients who presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction in China. Subsequently, it was found to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia (Korea, Japan, and Vietnam). SFTSV can be transmitted not only from ticks but also from domestic animals, companion animals, and humans. Because the case fatality rate of SFTS is high (6-30%), development of specific and effective treatment for SFTS is required. Studies of potential antiviral drugs for SFTS-specific therapy have been conducted on existing or newly discovered agents in vitro and in vivo, with ribavirin and favipiravir being the most promising candidates. While animal experiments and retrospective studies have demonstrated the limited efficacy of ribavirin, it was also speculated that ribavirin would be effective in patients with a viral load 5-fold. Although further research is necessary to develop SFTS-specific therapy, considerable progress has been achieved in this area. Here we summarize and discuss recent advances in antiviral drugs against SFTSV.
Switching Costs in Medicare Advantage

This paper estimates the magnitude of switching costs in the Medicare Advantage program. Consumers are generally assumed to pick plans that provide the combination of benefits and premiums that maximize their individual utility. However, the plan choice literature has generally omitted prior choices from choice models. The analysis is based on five years of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative longitudinal dataset. The MCBS data were combined with data on Medicare Advantage Part C plan benefits and premiums. Individual choices are modeled as a function of individual characteristics, plan characteristics and prior year plan choices using a mixed logit model. We found relatively high rates of switching between plans within insurer (20%), although less switching between insurers. Prior year plan choices were highly significant at both the contract and plan level. Premium was negative and significant. Loyalty (contract and plan), premium and plan structure were found to be heterogeneous in preferences. We found a statistically significant willingness to pay for a lower prescription drug deductible and lower copays. Switching costs were higher for sicker individuals. Switching costs between plans offered by the same insurer are far lower than switching costs between insurers; beneficiaries will switch plans if an alternative is perceived as $233 a month better than the current choice and switch insurers if the alternative is perceived as $944 better than the current plan/contract, on average. Premium elasticities would be 34% greater in magnitude if prior choices were irrelevant. We provide evidence that the state dependence is structural rather than spurious.
Impacts of Verticillium Wilt on Photosynthesis Rate, Lint Production, and Fiber Quality of Greenhouse-Grown Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum)

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb., leads to significant losses in cotton yield and fiber quality worldwide. To investigate Verticillium wilt impact on photosynthesis rate, yield, and fiber quality, six upland cotton genotypes, namely Verticillium susceptible (DP 1612 B2XF) and partially resistant (FM 2484B2F) commercial cultivars and four breeding lines, were grown to maturity under greenhouse conditions in soil either infested or not infested with V. dahliae microsclerotia. Photosynthetic rate, lint, and seed yield were all higher (p < 0.05) for FM 2484B2F than DP 1612 B2XF when infected with V. dahliae. When comparing healthy (H) to Verticillium wilt (VW) affected plants, fiber properties were greatly impacted. Micronaire decreased from 5.0 (H) to 3.6 (VW) with DP 1612 B2XF and 4.4 (H) to 4.1 (VW) with FM 2484B2F. The maturity ratio decreased from 0.90 (H) to 0.83 (VW) for DP 1612 B2XF and was unchanged for FM 2484B2F (0.90). Fiber properties such as short fiber content, nep count, fineness, and immature fiber content were also significantly affected under Verticillium wilt pressure. With Verticillium wilt affected plants, lines 16-13-601V and 17-17-206V performed similarly to FM 2484B2F for photosynthetic rate, yield, and all fiber properties measured. When selecting for improved cultivars in the presence of Verticillium wilt, it is important to select for relatively unchanged fiber properties under disease pressure in addition to reduced disease severity and increased yield.
Chip Package Interaction (CPI) risk assessment of 22FDX ® Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) using 2D Finite Element Analysis modeling

In order to address the Chip-Package Interaction (CPI) risks associated with the Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP), GLOBALFOUNDRIES has developed Finite Element (FE) models to simulate the mechanical stress in the Backend of Line (BEoL) and Far Back End of Line (FBEoL) during mass reflow process. This paper discusses the CPI failure risk associated with WLCSP, modeled with and without the redistribution layers (RDL) introduction above the BEoL. The WLCSP model has been modified to assess the design variations within the RDL and the FBEoL. The paper also highlights the FE model verification between the two-dimensional (2D) versus the three-dimensional (3D) models and validation by comparing the simulation results to the experimental test data.
Roberto Juarroz y Jaime Sabines desde su reflexión autobiográfica: un doble rumbo de la palabra poética

Este articulo realiza un estudio comparativo entre la obra poetica de Roberto Juarroz y Jaime Sabines. Se utilizan los conceptos de “verticalidad” y “horizontalidad” respectivamente como “improntas esenciales” que fundamentan y determinan la escritura de cada uno de los autores. Dichos conceptos se definen a partir de un analisis de la relacion entre la concepcion temporal que direcciona la escritura y la interaccion particular que se da entre el sujeto poetico y la realidad circundante en cada caso, aludiendo a los postulados de diversos filosofos y teoricos como Gaston Bachelard, Henri Bergson, James Olney y Maria Teresa Bertelloni
Respiration Monitoring With RFID in Driving Environments

To improve driving safety and avoid accidents caused by driving fatigue, drowsiness detection aims to alarm the driver before he/she falls asleep. Since breathing rate is a key indicator of the drowsy state, respiration monitoring in the noisy driving environment is critical for developing an effective driving fatigue detection system. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, an RFID based respiration monitoring system for driving environments. The system estimates the respiration rate of a driver based on phase values sampled from multiple RFID tags attached to the seat belt, while exploiting the tag diversity to combat the strong noise in the driving environment. Both tensor completion and tensor Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) are applied to process the phase values, to overcome the influence of frequency hopping, random sampling, vehicle vibration, and other environmental movements. The proposed system is analyzed and implemented with commodity RFID devices. Its accurate and robust performance is demonstrated with extensive experiments conducted in a real driving car.
Social Media, Marijuana and Sex: An Exploratory Study of Adolescents’ Intentions to Use and College Students’ Use of Marijuana

Recreational marijuana continues to be legalized in U.S. states, with popular media discussing connections between cannabis and the facilitation of sexual activity. We conducted two surveys with ad...
Losing More than Money: Organizations’ Prosocial Actions Appear Less Authentic When Their Resources are Declining

Companies often benefit from others’ attributions of moral conviction for prosocial behavior, for example, attributions that a company has a sincere moral desire to improve the environment when behaving sustainably. Across four studies, we explored how organizations’ changing resource positions influenced people’s attributions for the motivations underlying prosocial organizational behaviors. Observers attributed less moral conviction following prosocial behavior when they believed an organization was losing (vs. gaining) economic resources (Studies 1 and 2). This effect was primarily a “penalty” assessed against organizations that were losing resources, as opposed to a “reward” given to organizations gaining resources (Study 3). Finally, we found that this effect occurred because people perceive organizations that are losing resources as more situationally constrained, leading them to attribute less dispositional moral conviction (Study 4). We discuss theoretical and practical implications stemming from how changes in resource access can lead people to be more skeptical of organizations’ motivations following prosocial behavior.
Spinnable carbon nanotube forest synthesis in nitrogen environment

Abstract The spinnable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that form sheets by directly spinning from its substrate show unique properties and promise applications in diverse fields. For conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, helium (He) and argon (Ar) gases are used as the carrier gas that sets inert environments. However, neither of these are considered inexpensive for the mass-production of CNTs. In this paper, we report a successfully synthesized spinnable CNT forest in a nitrogen (N2) environment, a chemically stable and inexpensive gas. Fine-tuning of iron (Fe) catalyst allowed for an optimal condition for the growth of spinnable CNT forest. Catalyst particle analysis and the CNT forest structures are studied via AFM and SEM, and nanostructure are studied by TEM. Also, for the comparison, CNTs grown in He is also studied as a reference. We believe this study can help to step further for mass production of CNT applications.
Modeling transport of scalars in two-phase flows with a diffuse-interface method

In this article, we propose a novel scalar-transport model for the simulation of scalar quantities in two-phase flows with a phase-field method (diffuse-interface method). In a two-phase flow, the scalar quantities typically have disparate properties in two phases, which results in effective confinement of the scalar quantities in one of the phases, in the time scales of interest. This confinement of the scalars lead to the formation of sharp gradients of the scalar concentration values at the interface, presenting a serious challenge for its numerical simulations. To overcome this challenge, we propose a model for the transport of scalars. The model is discretized using a central-difference scheme, which leads to a non-dissipative implementation that is crucial for the simulation of turbulent flows. Furthermore, the provable strengths of the proposed model are: (a) the model maintains the positivity property of the scalar concentration field, a physical realizability requirement for the simulation of scalars, when the proposed criterion is satisfied, (b) the proposed model is such that the transport of the scalar concentration field is consistent with the transport of the volume fraction field, which results in the enforcement of the effective zero-flux boundary condition for the scalar at the interface; and therefore, prevents the artificial numerical diffusion of the scalar across the interface. Finally, we present numerical simulations using the proposed model in a wide range of two-phase flow regimes, spanning laminar to turbulent flows; and assess: the accuracy and robustness of the model, the validity of the positivity property of the scalar concentration field, and the enforcement of the zero-flux boundary condition for the scalar at the interface.
“A FIRE STRONG ENOUGH TO CONSUME THE HOUSE:” THE WARS OF RELIGION AND THE RISE OF THE STATE

In September of 1993, the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago issued a declaration called "Towards a Global Ethic" meant to locate ethical values common to the world's religions. One of the most emphatic parts of the statement is that condemning wars waged in the name of religion. "Time and again we see leaders and members of religions incite aggression, fanaticism, hate and xenophobia—even inspire and legitimize violent and bloody conflicts. Religion often is misused for purely power-political goals, including war. We are filled with disgust." Is the Parliament of the World's Religions taking a pacifist stand? Well, no. While violence in general is condemned, the document stops well short of calling religious people out of the armies of the world. Only killing in the name of religion is damned; bloodshed on behalf of the State is subject to no such scorn. What is wrong, then, with killing in the name of religion? The answer can be derived from the definition of "religion" implicit in the declaration. Religion is assumed to be a matter pertinent to the private sphere of values. The individual's public and lethal loyalty belongs to the State. My purpose in this essay will be to focus on the way revulsion to killing in the name of religion is used to legitimize the transfer of ultimate loyalty to the modern State. Specifically I will examine how the so-called "Wars of Religion" of sixteenthand seventeenth-century Europe are evoked as the founding moment of modern liberalism by theorists such as John Rawls, Judith Shklar, and Jeffrey Stout.1 will let Shklar tell the familiar tale:
Impact of mycolactone produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans on life-history traits of Aedes aegypti (L.) and resulting habitat selection for oviposition.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a globally recognized, yet largely neglected tropical disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium ulcerans. Although the exact mode of transmission is unclear, epidemiological evidence links BU incidence with slow-moving or stagnant, aquatic habitats, and laboratory-based experiments have shown disease manifestation in animals with dermal punctures. Therefore, hypotheses for transmission include contact with slowmoving aquatic habitats and associated biting aquatic insects, such as mosquitoes. Recent research demonstrated the toxin produced by M. ulcerans, mycolactone, is an attractant for adult mosquitoes seeking a blood-meal as well as oviposition sites. In the study presented here, we examined the impact of mycolactone at different concentrations on immature lifehistory traits of Aedes aegypti, which commonly occurs in the same environment as M. ulcerans. We determined percent egg hatch was not significantly different across treatments. However, concentration impacted the survivorship of larval mosquitoes to the adult stage (p 0.05), for oviposition in habitats contaminated with mycolactone suggesting a legacy effect.
Susceptibility of rosaceous fruits and apple cultivars to postharvest rot by Paecilomyces niveus

Abstract Paecilomyces rot of apples is a postharvest disease caused by Paecilomyces niveus, a problematic spoiling agent of fruit juices and derivatives. The fungus produces ascospores that can survive food processing and germinate in finished fruit products. Processing apple fruits infected with Paecilomyces rot can lead to P. niveus contaminated juices. Because the fungus produces the mycotoxin patulin, juice spoilage by P. niveus is an important health hazard. Little is known about the disease biology and control mechanisms of this recently described postharvest disease. Following Koch’s postulates, we determined that a range of previously untested rosaceous fruits and popular apple cultivars are susceptible to Paecilomyces rot infection. We also observed that two closely related food spoiling fungi, Paecilomyces fulvus and Paecilomyces variotti, were unable to infect, cause symptoms in, or reproduce in wounded fruits. Our results highlight the unique abilities of Paecilomyces niveus to infect a variety of fruits, produce patulin, and form highly-resistant spores capable of spoiling normally shelf-stable products.
Pediatricians' Knowledge and Practices Related to Mumps Diagnosis and Prevention.

Objectives To assess pediatricians’ mumps knowledge and testing practices, to identify physician and practice characteristics associated with mumps testing practices, and to assess reporting and outbreak response knowledge and practices. Study design Between January and April 2020, we surveyed a nationally representative network of pediatricians. Descriptive statistics were generated for all items. The χ2 test, t tests, and Poisson regression were used to compare physician and practice characteristics between respondents who would rarely or never versus sometimes or often/always test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting. Results The response rate was 67% (297 of 444). For knowledge, more than one-half of the pediatricians responded incorrectly or “don’t know” for 6 of the 9 true/false statements about mumps epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention, and more than one-half reported needing additional guidance on mumps buccal swab testing. For testing practices, 59% of respondents reported they would sometimes (35%) or often/always (24%) test for mumps in a vaccinated 17-year-old with parotitis in a non-outbreak setting; older physicians, rural physicians, and physicians from the Northeast or Midwest were more likely to test for mumps. Thirty-six percent of the pediatricians reported they would often/always report a patient with suspected mumps to public health authorities. Conclusions Pediatricians report mumps knowledge gaps and practices that do not align with public health recommendations. These gaps may lead to underdiagnosis and underreporting of mumps cases, delaying public health response measures and contributing to ongoing disease transmission.
Do You Believe He Can Fly? Royce White and Reasonable Accommodations Under the Americans with Disabilities Act for NBA Players with Anxiety Disorder & Fear of Flying

This Article examines the legal ramifications of Royce White, a basketball player with general anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, playing in the NBA. White's conditions cause him to have a fear of flying, thus making it difficult to play in the NBA. This subject is without precedent in sports law and, because of the unique aspects of an NBA playing career, lacks clear analogy to other employment circumstances. This dispute also illuminates broader legal and policy issues in the relationship between employment and mental illness.This Article argues that White would likely fail in a lawsuit against an NBA team and the NBA under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Case law disfavors recognition of his conditions as workplace disabilities, and even if a court recognizes them as such, there appears to be no reasonable accommodation that doesn't necessitate him flying. This Article also contends that if White cannot adequately resolve his health issues, it would be advisable for him -- and the NBA and Players' Association -- to find creative resolutions. Such an approach would be far preferable to litigation. One such approach could be loaning White's employment to another pro basketball league where all or almost all games are played within driving distance. In that circumstance, he could develop his game against talented pro basketball players and, hopefully, gradually overcome his health issues. The Israel Super Basketball League (Ligat Winner Sal) is one such league. During time in another league, White's NBA employment rights could remain with an NBA team. This Article also insists the NBA and Players' Association take mental health policies more seriously, especially as increasing rates of Americans are diagnosed with mental illness. For years, the NBA and Players' Association have focused on "physical" health policies while largely ignoring mental health.
Ultrastructure of the gamma m immunoglobulin molecule.

Abstract The essential form of the γM immunoglobulin molecule is that of five arms attached to a dense central region. The molecule measures between 250 A and 400 A over-all, with a mode at 330 A, and has considerable internal flexibility. The free ends of the arms are thickened, frequently bifurcated, resembling a pincer and occasionally terminate in a rosette. It is postulated that these latter configurations represent various views of the heavy and light chains in the Fab portion of the molecule.
Are multinationals exporting jobs? The case of Taiwan

Does offshore production always result in jobexpor tation? Using firmlevel data for Taiwanese multinationals that allow us to avoid reverse causality issues, this research finds that while increasing offshore production has a negative impact on the demand for domestic manufacturing workers, this is not the case for domestic R&D workers, who are often moreskilled. The empirical study also suggests that for Taiwan, there is a geographical fragmentation of distinct production activities in a way that more skilled jobs are kept domestically, and less skilled jobs are exporting to other developing countries. These findings confirm the prediction of the knowledge capital model presented by Markusen et al. (1996) and Markusen (1997).
Many Players in the Concerto of Sex

The Most Secret Quintessence of Life. Sex, Glands, and Hormones, 1850-1950. By Chandak Sengoopta. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006. 366 pp. $45, £28.50. ISBN 9780226748634. Exploring the development of endocrine research and therapeutics, Sengoopta highlights the cultural framing of the studies of hormonal influence on aging, youthfulness, creativity, sexuality, and gender.
Iterative Development and Validation of a Simulation-Based Medical Tutor

An iterative development cycle approach is described for building an intelligent tutor. This approach is particularly valuable since most tutoring systems require direct interaction with end-users. One of the advantages of this approach is that feedback from experts about the early prototype training system can be used to refine the questions asked during validation studies. The validation process changes at each cycle of the development process in order to define the scope of the project, correctly implement the domain models and verify the effectiveness of the resulting system. This paper describes development of a real-time medical training system and the iterative development approach that was used for its implementation and evaluation.
Exploring the Sources of Institutional Trust in China: Culture, Mobilization, or Performance?

While democratic countries have been concerned about a “trust crisis” since the 1960s, China surprisingly displays a very high level of public trust in institutions. Why do people trust institutions and to what extent does institutional trust in China differ from that in democracies? Using the 2004 China Values and Ethics Survey, this article explores three different dimensions of institutional trust in China: trust in administrative institutions, trust in legal institutions, and trust in societal institutions. The analysis shows that institutional trust is more than a product of traditional values in China. Rather, it is more of an individual rational choice based heavily on the evaluations of the institutional performance, and it is also a result of government-controlled politicization. Trust in administrative institutions, in particular, mainly comes from satisfactory institutional performance. Institutional trust has a great impact on the development of democracy and legal participation in China.
Emissions from Catalyst Cars Beyond 50 000 Miles and the Implications for the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program

Based upon EPA estimates, catalyst-equipped vehicles with more than 50,000 miles currently emit almost three quarters of the CO and HC from in-use cars. Changes in the FMVCP are recommended that would lessen the proportion of air pollution contributed by automobiles whose catalysts have deteriorated.