cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing Computing to a Cohort of Incarcerated Youth

Computer Science and programming are changing the world, but not everyone has equal access to education about this field. In California, Juvenile hall students typically lack opportunities to learn computer programming. In this paper, we present an experience report about the course we created to address the needs of this population. Specifically, we created and taught an introductory computing course focused on engagement. This project-based game design curriculum was launched to a small cohort of the juvenile hall in spring 2019. This course focused on engaging students while introducing computing programming concepts such as variables, logic and function. Student surveys and reports from their teacher showed this class had a positive impact and was well received by students and staff. We hypothesize and show initial positive indication that creative, game-oriented curriculum had a positive impact on the demographic. We also present some of the challenges encountered when working within the juvenile hall system and our solutions and general recommendations for these types of classes.
Silence and democratic institutional design

This article examines the challenges that citizen silence raises for the design and reform of electoral and representative institutions. Much of the recent work on democratic institutional design h...
Razlike u stavovima o cijepljenju između zdravstvenih radnika i opće populacije u Republici Hrvatskoj

Introduction: Vaccination is an important aspect of public health, which has contributed to the control or complete disappearance of certain infectious diseases. However, since the late 20th century, vaccines and vaccination have been associated with a number of controversies. Most of the controversy surrounding vaccination is related to a paper published in The Lancet, where Dr. Wakefield and co-workers reported an association between measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine with the onset of autism and inflammatory bowel disease. However, although it was later proven that the data were falsified, a public and cultural phenomenon occurred, which contributed to the reduction of vaccine use. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in attitudes about vaccination between health professionals and the general population in the Republic of Croatia. Also, in this research we want to see how the abolition of compulsory vaccination would affect the protection of the population. Methods: For the purposes of this research, an internet questionnaire was used, which was answered via social networks. The survey contained 20 questions, and the results were analyzed by the statistical computer program GraphPad Prism. Results: Healthcare professionals have more confidence in the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations and show greater knowledge about vaccines compared to the general population. Also, the general population is more likely to believe that the onset of autism is associated with vaccination and that vaccination causes a weakening of the immune system. These differences in opinion on vaccination were not related to socio-demographic factors or level of education. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed that the abolition of legally mandatory vaccination would have negative effects on the protection of the population. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals have a positive opinion about vaccination from the rest of the population. Better parental education about vaccination could contribute to greater vaccination coverage of the general population.
3D Printed Spherical Cavity Resonator With Fine Tuning Using Nanomagnetic Thin Film

A frequency tunable spherical cavity resonator using magnetic nanoparticle thin film and 3D printing technology has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. First, an X-band air-filled spherical cavity is designed and 3D printed to resonate at the fundamental ${\mathbf{TM}}_{011}^r$ mode. To tune the resonant frequency, a 35 µm thick magnetic nanoparticle film deposited on a 2 mil Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) host substrate is placed at the center plane of the spherical cavity, where the magnetic fields are the strongest. By mechanically rotating the magnetic film every 15o, the magnetic fields are perturbed accordingly, resulting in a 70 MHz of resonance tuning from 7.958 – 8.028 GHz, and an average and minimum tuning step of 11.7 MHz and 4.4 MHz, respectively. The corresponding unloaded quality factors ranges from 539 to 732. This work demonstrates the concept of a light-weight and high quality factor spherical cavity resonator with fine tuning using 3D printing technology and nanomagnetic thin film.
Correction: Ultrasonic Lesions in Mammalian Central Nervous System

The ultrasonic dosages given in W. J. Fry et al., "Ultrasonic lesions in the mammalian central nervous system" [Science 122, 517 (1955)] should be corrected as follows: For the lesion illustrated i...
Long-range effects of Ivalon sponge containing isobutyl cyanoacrylates on rat tissue. A quantitative planimetric study.

Abstract This study on seventy rats was undertaken to determine the long-range effects of Ivalon sponge containing isobutyl cyanoacrylates (IBC). Histologic examination revealed that the IBC sponge was well tolerated by the connective tissue. IBC sponge was most effective during the first 2 weeks of healing. At observation periods of 1 and 2 weeks, the percentage values for connective tissue formed in IBC-treated animals were 2.02 and 1.58 times higher than those in the untreated animals.
Highly parallel computational techniques for electron-molecule collisions

Though most of the current knowledge of electron–molecule collisions derives from experiments, accurate measurements of collision cross sections are quite difficult, especially for inelastic processes; few groups worldwide have undertaken this challenging work. Demand for cross section data already exceeds supply and the list of “critical” but absent data grows longer daily. Moreover, the species of interest include not only stable molecules, but also those radicals and ions whose populations within the plasma may be significant and experiments will be all the more difficult for such transient species. Most recent theoretical studies of electron–molecule collisions have relied on variational approximations to the scattering amplitude or to some closely related quantity, thereby avoiding direct numerical solution of Schrodinger's equation. However, the studies of many-electron systems remain numerically intensive despite the choice of an efficient theoretical approach and the work discussed in the chapter depends on exploiting the prodigious advances in computational power that have resulted from the development of massively parallel processors.
Prevalence of Delta-Antibody Among Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in the Los Angeles Area: Its Correlation With Liver Biopsy Diagnosis

The overall prevalence of delta-antibody among 80 patients with chronic infection of hepatitis B virus in the Los Angeles area was found to be 24%. Twenty-three patients had a histologic diagnosis of persistent hepatitis and 57 had chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. Only 1 patient among those with persistent viral hepatitis had delta-antibody, whereas 18 with chronic active hepatitis had delta-antibody in their sera (p less than 0.05).
The taper of clinical preparations for fixed prosthodontics

Convergence angles of full-coverage preparations were measured in a clinical environment and compared with each other and the ideal taper of 4 to 10 degrees. Despite educational emphasis, the practical application of preparation design routinely exceeds the ideal taper and casts a different light on retention and resistance characteristics described in both laboratory and theoretical work. Comparison of preparations done by residents and by prosthodontists in this study showed that ideal preparation taper is seldom achieved. Given the complex interrelationships of clinical, theoretical, and mechanical factors that determine the retention and resistance characteristics of a preparation in vivo, it is advisable to design preparations that blend retentive characteristics with functional demands. Because it is difficult to assess preparation taper intraorally, efforts should be directed to using other retentive devices, especially on posterior preparations where ideal taper is difficult to achieve.
Two undecidability results for chain code picture languages

It is undecidable whether or not two 1-retreat-bounded regular languages describe exactly the same set of pictures or they describe a picture in common.
Including independent estimates and uncertainty to quantify total abundance of fish migrating in a large river system: walleye (Sander vitreus) in the Maumee River, Ohio

Walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Erie is a valuable and migratory species that spawns in tributaries. We used hydroacoustic sampling, gill net sampling, and Bayesian state-space modeling to estimate the spawning stock abundance, characterize size and sex structure, and explore environmental factors cuing migration of walleye in the Maumee River for 2011 and 2012. We estimated the spawning stock abundance to be between 431 000 and 1 446 000 individuals in 2011 and between 386 400 and 857 200 individuals in 2012 (95% Bayesian credible intervals). A back-calculation from a concurrent larval fish study produced an estimate of 78 000 to 237 000 spawners for 2011. The sex ratio was skewed towards males early in the spawning season but approached 1:1 later, and larger individuals entered the river earlier in the season than smaller individuals. Walleye migration was greater during low river discharge and intermediate temperatures. Our approach to estimating absolute abundance and uncertainty as well as character...
Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: comparing the use of a 4-mm versus concentric 4- and 8-mm collimators.

Purpose: Gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been effective in 50–80% of cases when using a single 4-mm collimator and a maximum dose of 60–90 Gy. Attemp
A retrospective study of attitude change during medical education

A retrospective attitude questionnaire was administered to 70 of 157 graduating seniors at the end of the medical school year. Students perceived that they became more cynical during medical education. In addition, they perceived that they were more concerned with making money, more concerned for patients, and more helpful. These findings relate to the developmental stressors of medical education as they affect the individual student. Burn-out and impairment are possible consequences; a preventive approach is advocated.
Degradation and stability of polyimides

Abstract Polyimides are high performance polymers designed for use at temperatures near the limits expected for purely organic materials. An understanding of the factors which influence the stability and rates of degradation of polyimides at elevated temperatures is therefore important. This review covers the literature of the last 10 years dealing with the high temperature (>300°C) degradation of polyimides. The effects of monomer structure, end groups and additives on polyimide stability are described. The influence of the method of preparation, choice of solvents, substrates and other environmental concerns on ultimate stability of these materials is also considered. Studies of the stabilization of polyimides are described as well.
A procedure to determine intersections between polyhedral objects

The procedure described here employs face-to-face intersection analysis to determine whether two or more polyhedral objects intersect. As means to minimize the number of pairs of faces which should be examined for face-to-face intersection analysis, a solution box approach, mutual divisibility, and visibility of two faces are considered. Intersection detection between two faces is done by the determination of their parity mode.
Revision cochlear implantation after device failure

Cochlear implant device failure is an uncommon problem but one that creates significant disappointment for the patient and the surgeon. In most cases, the original device should be explanted and a new device implanted. There are several technical aspects to revision surgery that can be used to minimize the risks and improve the outcomes of this procedure. In particular, the treatment of intracochlear fibrosis is important. Fortunately, excellent outcomes occur in the majority of cases.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in cottids, mussels, and sediment in southern puget sound, Washington

In Southern Puget Sound, PCB levels tend to be highest at or near the areas of highest population density, industry, and shipping activity. This is to be expected, since municipal and industrial outfalls provide the major input of PCB into the environment. PCB tends to accumulate near the source due to its low solubility in water and high affinity for sediment and particulate matter (Hammond et al. 1972). The levels of PCB that we found in our samples are comparable to those found in similar organisms from other coastal and estuarine systems throughout the world. Average PCB concentrations in mussels and herring from sites along the coast of Sweden were 30 and 270 ng/g (wet wt.), respectively (Jensen et al. 1969). In the Irish coastal system, mussels were reported to have from 50 to 500 ng/g (wet wt.) and herring contained from 10 to 2000 ng/g (wet wt.) of PCB (Holdgate 1970). Mussels from the New Brunswick coast and herring from the Bay of Fundy contained 140 and 540 ng/g (wet wt.), respectively (Zitko 1971). PCB levels in mussels from San Francisco Bay were reported to be between 30 and 60 ng/g (wet wt.) (Risebrough and Schmidt 1975).
Clinical and pathological features of pachyonychia congenita.

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis affecting the nails, skin, oral mucosae, larynx, hair, and teeth. Pathogenic mutations in keratins K6a or K16 are associated with the PC-1 phenotype whereas K6b and K17 mutations are associated with the PC-2 phenotype. Analysis of clinical, pathological, and genetic data from the literature and two research registries reveal that >97% of PC cases exhibit fingernail and toenail thickening, and painful plantar keratoderma. Prospective evaluation of 57 PC patients from 41 families revealed variable clinical findings: hyperhidrosis (79%), oral leukokeratosis (75%), follicular keratosis (65%), palmar keratoderma (60%), cutaneous cysts (35%), hoarseness or laryngeal involvement (16%), coarse or twisted hair (26%), early primary tooth loss (14%), and presence of natal or prenatal teeth (2%). Stratification of these data by keratin mutation confirmed the increased incidence of cyst formation and natal teeth among PC-2 patients, although cysts were more commonly seen in PC-1 than previously reported (25%–33%). Previously unreported clinical features of PC include development of painful oral and nipple lesions during breastfeeding, copious production of waxy material in ears, and inability to walk without an ambulatory aid (50%). Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed with respect to the clinicopathologic and genetic correlations observed.
Parallel regional projection transformation (RPT) and VLSI implementation

Abstract A new regional projection transformation (RPT) to recognize unconnected patterns and patterns with isolated noise is presented. This new approach simplifies the process of recognizing compound patterns by transforming them into an integral object. Two kinds of RPT transforms are described and analysed: (1) diagonal-diagonal regional projection transformation (DDRPT), and (2) horizontal-vertical regional projection transformation (HVRPT). The patterns transformed by these two methods have several important properties which can simplify contour processing. The essential parallelisms in DDRPT and HVRPT can also facilitate their parallel implementation and parallel algorithms for both DDRPT and HVRPT, and their VLSI implementation are also designed. They can speed up the recognition process considerably with a time complexity of O(N) for processing a pattern with size of N × N , compared with O ( N 2 ) using a uniprocessor.
Synthesis of 1,2-Diamino-1,2-dideoxy-myo- inositol-Derived Ligands for the Investigation of Metal Complex Reactivity

A method for the synthesis of chiral 1,2-diamino-1,2-dideoxy-myo-inositol-based bis-pyridyl ligands 3a and 3b from the corresponding myo-inositol precursor is described. These highly functionalized inosamine-bis-pyridyl ligands are expected to provide a useful platform for exploring the relationship between chiral ligand structure and enantioselective olefin oxidation catalyzed by their metal complexes.
Community-ness of a major economic development effort in a biracial community of Alabama

Abstract This paper uses case study data from a rural biracial community in Alabama to examine the community-ness of a major economic development effort and selected aspect of the ‘growth machine’ hypothesis. Results of the study suggest that the major economic development effort in the community was not a community-related action. In general, the findings provide support for some of the contentions of the growth machine model. Indeed, community can be an arena of action rather than a cohesive acting unit as posited by the ‘growth machine’ hypothesis and political economy models of community power put forth in the last two decades. The local elites utilized the community as a tool for the pursuit of personal gain at the expense of a majority of local residents. Capitalist development is divisive and the community, as (Molotch (1976) American Journal of Sociology 82(2), 309–332, 10) says, can be a ‘growth machine’ serving not the common good but the interests of those who manipulate that machine for profit. The implications of the findings for the future of biracial rural communities are discussed.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Neonates and Young Infants

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Compare and contrast hemodialysis and hemofiltration. 2. Compare and contrast continuous arteriovenous and venovenous hemofiltration. 3. List the primary indications for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). 4. Describe the consequences of blood flow rates that are too low or too high in CRRT. 5. List the potential complications of CRRT. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) consists of a group of hemofiltration-based dialytic modalities that are used to manage acute renal failure, fulminant hepatic failure, sepsis, and certain inborn errors of metabolism. Although most of these treatments initially were developed for adults, adaptations have expanded their use to children and neonates. During the last decade, use of CRRT in neonatal intensive care has increased dramatically. The primary advantages of this form of therapy include slow continuous fluid removal, minimal hemodynamic instability, and excellent dialytic efficacy. The dialytic efficiency of CRRT often exceeds that of both peritoneal and conventional hemodialysis. CRRT would be used even more commonly in the neonatal setting if circuit volumes could be decreased and if anticoagulation could be employed safely in all children, even those who have a high risk of bleeding. Unlike hemodialysis, which removes solute primarily by the process of diffusion, hemofiltration purifies blood by convective transport, with the fluid crossing a semipermeable membrane under the influence of hydrostatic pressure. Solutes are removed from the blood by solvent drag at a rate equal to their blood concentration times the fluid filtration rate. Middle- and larger-molecular weight solutes are cleared at an excellent rate because the semipermeable hemofilter membrane has a higher molecular weight cutoff (∼20,000 daltons) than a traditional dialyzer. However, without counter-current dialysate flow, clearance of low-molecular weight solutes, including urea and creatinine, is less than with standard hemodialysis. Hemofilters are used with both traditional hemodialysis machines, which can generate …
The coupling of charged superfluid mixtures to the electromagnetic field

Abstract The system of equations that describes the macroscopic properties of a mixture of superfluids is derived by generalizing the equations of Andreev and Bashkin to include new vorticity-preserving forces. The affects of these forces on the dynamics is investigated by using a macroscopic phenomenological approach developed by Bekarevich and Khalatnikov. A Hamiltonian formulation of the theory is developed and used to couple the charged components of the fluid to the electromagnetic field. The physically relevant values of the additional vorticity-preserving forces are determined by requiring that each component of the superfluid mixture responds to the electromagnetic field via an appropriate Lorentz force.
Accentuate the positive: how identity affects customer satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to address an important gap in identity research – how does consumer identity affect satisfaction following an unambiguous product experience. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were conducted involving a product experience scenario and a service recovery encounter. Findings – Study results demonstrate that experience valence moderates the impact of identity on customer satisfaction. Specifically, we find that identity improves satisfaction with a positive (but does not increase dissatisfaction with a negative) experience, and this effect arises via enhanced performance perceptions under positive experience rather than expectations. Research limitations/implications – Our research investigates whether the prior research argument that identity is a powerful and “sticky” source of brand evaluation is robust to product experience. Specifically, we extend the disconfirmation paradigm of satisfaction by identifying identity as a driver of satisfaction and by...
Dynamical calculation of RHEED rocking curves for Ag(001) and Pt(111)

Abstract The invariant-embedding R- matrix scheme is shown to be an accurate and efficient dynamical method for calculating RHEED rocking curves. Results for Ag(001) and Pt(111) show that for θ > 2° , the penetration of the incident electron wavefield is a few monolayers inside a solid. Major peaks in the rocking curves are due to beam-emergent enhancement of multilayer scattering (BEEMS).
Synchrony and destructive obedience

Studies demonstrated that cultural practices involving synchrony can make people more likely to engage in destructive obedience at the behest of authority figures. Participants instructed to follow a leader while walking in-step with him felt closer to him and were more willing to kill sow bugs at the leader's request in an ostensibly different experiment than were participants in other conditions. The findings are the first to indicate that synchronous activities may be used to influence leader–follower relations.
Motivation in Work Groups: A Tentative View

This paper represents an attempt to examine a number of different researches in the field of organizational behavior and to see if their similarities can be highlighted and tentatively explained by the use of Maslow's need-hierarchy concept.
Characterization of Colloidal Silica and Its Adsorption Phenomenon with Silicon-Base Surfactants with Relation to Film Strength

Abstract The strength of coated film containing silica can be attributed to the packing density of the silica particles and the extent of siloxane bond formation between them. The adsorption of a silicon-base surfactant on silica surfaces hinders such bond formation. Such adsorption occurs through hydrogen bonding between the free silanol on the silica surface and the oxygen of the PEO of a surfactant chain. Variation in surface properties of silica affects the formation of these hydrogen bonds. Colloidal silica particles show a large variation in surface characteristics, such as the aluminum content on the surface of the particles. These properties determine the surface charge of the silica particles, which is apparent from the variation in zeta potential and the amount of acid consumption prior to an inflection point being reached in titration curves. The concentration of acid required to reach the inflection point is higher for silica with higher Al(OH)4−content. Higher levels of Al(OH)4−cause less adsorption of the surfactant by preventing hydrogen bonding of silanol to PEO of the surfactant. Higher levels of surfactant adsorbed on silica lower the strength of the film due to the reduction of the extent of the siloxane bond formed between two silicon atoms.
Development of a high-power capillary discharge for studying ablation at the micron scale

Summary form only given. The objective of this work is to develop a capillary discharge for studying (at a very fundamental level) the processes by which materials ablate when exposed to cold (1-3 eV) thermal plasmas. A key requirement is a high degree of control over the composition, power, and energy of the plasma so that small but measureable amounts of damage can be produced and in turn compared to ablation rates predicted by first-principles computation using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This paper describes the design and performance of a non-consumable capillary discharge that uses a quartz liner, to produce a 1 eV argon plasma. The argon feed-gas contains 2% hydrogen for permitting additional spectroscopic diagnostics of the plasma. Measurements of plasma temperature, plasma density, and power are provided for various configurations of the power supply and capillary which was operated at 4 kV, and which used a flash lamp type circuit for initiating the discharge.
Factoring Dickson Polynomials over Finite Fields

We derive the factorizations of the Dickson polynomialsDn(X,a) andEn(X,a), and of the bivariate Dickson polynomialsDn(X,a)?Dn(Y,a), over any finite field. Our proofs are significantly shorter and more elementary than those previously known.
Monocyte ferritin in idiopathic haemochromatosis, thalassaemia and liver disease

Monocyte ferritin (MF) content was measured in normal subjects and patients with a variety of disorders of iron storage. MF was above the normal range in 4 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis (IHC). However, in 4 patients with transfusion siderosis (TS), secondary to aplastic anaemia, who had similar elevations in serum ferritin, MF was highly elevated. 10 patients with thalassaemia intermedia and thalassaemia major with no previous history of transfusions, but with elevated serum ferritin, also had significantly elevated MF. Disproportionately low MF in IHC could reflect defective ferritin metabolism in reticuloendothelial cells in this disorder. Finally, in 3 patients with acute rises in serum ferritin caused by acute hepatitis, MF was not increased. This suggests that MF is not directly affected by high circulating levels of serum ferritin raised acutely, but rather reflects iron storage status in conditions not associated with primary disorders of iron metabolism.
Influence of induction chemotherapy and class of cytotoxics on pathologic response and survival after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND. Patients with localized esophageal cancer (LEC) have diverse outcomes (post‒therapy pathologic response, disease‒free survival [DFS], and overall survival [OS]) after preoperative chemoradiation (P‒CTRT), dictated also by inherent molecular heterogeneity. Whether the type of therapy influences the outcomes remains largely unanswered. It is hypothesized that induction chemotherapy (IC) or the type of cytotoxics used would not influence patient outcomes. METHODS. In this retrospective analysis, consecutive patients with LEC who had P‒CTRT were analyzed. Data were collected regarding age, sex, baseline clinical stage, location, type of cytotoxics, post‒therapy pathology, DFS, and OS. IC and the type of cytotoxics used were found to be correlated with DFS, OS, and post‒therapy pathologic response. RESULTS. A total of 180 patients with LEC (119 had IC before P‒CTRT, all had received 5‒fluorouracil, 87 had received a taxane, and 57 had received a platinol) were analyzed. The median survival (MS) of all patients was 57.7 months and the 3‒year and 5‒year OS rates were 65.4% and 46.5%, respectively. The type of therapy appeared to have no influence on the outcome: IC versus no IC (P = .58) or platinol versus taxane versus platinol plus taxane (P = .63). Similarly, the type of pathologic response was not found to be influenced by IC (P = .18) or the type of cytotoxics used (P = .42). The data were similar for DFS. CONCLUSIONS. IC or the type of cytotoxics used with radiation for patients with LEC does not appear to influence OS, DFS, or the type of pathologic response after therapy, suggesting that a plateau has been reached. It remains to be seen whether the use of biochemoradiotherapy can provide an advantage in outcome. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
EFFECT OF SENSORY STIMULI ON AMPHETAMINE TOXICITY IN AGGREGATED MICE.

THE increased toxicity of amphetamine in aggregated mice has been reported by several workers1–3. Among the factors which have been found to contribute to the enhancement of toxicity in aggregated mice are cage floor area, environmental temperature, and body-weight2–4. The present investigation has examined the effect of type of sensory contact between mice as a factor influencing amphetamine toxicity.
Oxidative stress and stress signaling: menace of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the diabetic population and is currently one of the leading causes of death in the United States and other industrialized countries. The health care expenses associated with cardiovascular disease are staggering, reaching more than US$350 billion in 2003. The risk factors for cardiovascular disease include high fat/cholesterol levels, alcoholism, smoking, genetics, environmental factors and hypertension, which are commonly used to gauge an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease and to track their progress during therapy. Most recently, these factors have become important in the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and breakdown by endogenous antioxidants, has been implicated in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure and diabetes-associated heart dysfunction (diabetic cardiomyopathy). Antioxidant therapy has shown promise in preventing the development of diabetic heart complications. This review focuses on recent advances in oxidative stress theory and antioxidant therapy in diabetic cardiomyopathy, with an emphasis on the stress signaling pathways hypothesized to be involved. Many of these stress signaling pathways lead to activation of reactive oxygen species, major players in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
The palirrhotrophic origin of energy metabolism

It is proposed that the earliest cellular organisms relied upon a novel type of energy transduction termed palirrhotrophy, which generates a high-energy ‘currency’ chemiosmotically by exploiting the rhythmic variations in salinity which occur in the estuarine environment. Calculations based on estimates of contemporary chemiosmotic transduction efficiency suggest that such a mechanism could produce usable energy in high yield. The minimum polypeptide requirement for palirrhotrophy compares favorably with that of a fermentative pathway. It is suggested that palirrhotrophic organisms exist today but are difficult to detect.
Modkit: blending and extending approachable platforms for creating computer programs and interactive objects

This paper describes Modkit - a toolkit that makes it possible for novices and experienced designers to create their own interactive objects by combining graphical blocks inspired by the Scratch programming environment and the Arduino platform. The demonstration will feature the current Modkit components, activities, and projects that illustrate how the toolkit blends Scratch and Arduino platforms to extend what and how young people are able to create. We will present example projects made by young people, discuss the details of the system implementation, and highlight the implications our design decisions had in informal learning environments.
Predicted dynamic electrothermal performance of thermistor bolometer radiometers for Earth radiation budget applications.

The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) rely on scanning thermistor bolometer radiometers of a similar design for accomplishing their mission. High-level dynamic electrothermal models of these instruments have been developed on the basis of the Monte Carlo ray-trace, finite-difference, and finite-element methods. The models are capable of simulating the end-to-end response of the ERBE and the CERES instruments to simulated sequences of Earth scenes. Such models will prove useful in the design of future generations of similar instruments, in defining ground-based and in-flight calibration and data-reduction strategies, in the interpretation of flight data, and in understanding data anomalies that might arise after the instruments have been placed in orbit. Two modules that make up the end-to-end model are presented: the optical–thermal radiative module and the thermistor bolometer dynamic electrothermal module. The optics module is used to determine the point-spread function of the optics, which establishes that the instrument has sharply defined footprints on the Earth. Results obtained with the thermistor bolometer dynamic electrothermal module provide valuable insights into the details of channel operation and establish its high level of equivalence. The combination of the two modules allows the point-spread function of the instrument to be determined and reveals the potential of this tool for scanning realistic Earth scenes.
Bacteriogenic Ethane in Near-Surface Aquifers: Implications for Leaking Hydrocarbon Well Bores

The δ13C values of methane and ethane from two near-surface aquifers in western Canada are depleted in 13C as compared to the carbon isotopic compositions of the underlying economic natural gas reservoirs and are indicative of in situ bacteriogenesis. The δ13CC2 values ranged from −45.4 to −73.9‰ (PDB), among the most depleted ever reported. These data can be used to resolve the longstanding uncertainty concerning the isotopic signature of bacteriogenic ethane and to differentiate between bacteriogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbon gas. For well bore leakage cases in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, the characterization of a bacteriogenic end-member permits the quantitative resolution of the contribution of shallow aquifer gas versus deeper commercial reservoir gas to well bore leakage. Bacteriogenic near-surface aquifer ethane can account for 4−28% of the ethane from the production casing and for 29−36% of the ethane in gas bubbles traveling to the surface along the outside of the surface casing. Th...
Molecular identification of functional water channel protein in cultured human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

Purpose. Water channel proteins are important pathways for water movements across cell membranes, including those in the ciliary epithelium, which is the major site of aqueous humor secretion. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the expression of functionally active aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels in cultured human ciliary epithelial cells. Methods. Poly A + RNA was isolated from cell cultures of Simian Virus 40 (SV-40) transformed human nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE) subjected to RT-PCR reaction using primers specific to AQP1. Northern analysis was used to define the expression of AQP1 in NPE cells. Western immunoblotting with polyclonal antibody raised against AQP1 was used to evaluate the AQP1 protein expression in the plasma membranes of human NPE cells. Light scattering method was used to determine the osmotic water permeability in the suspension of NPE cells. Results. RT-PCR using specific primers for AQP1, Northern analysis and Western immunoblot using AQP1 specific antibody demonstrate...
New insights into the management of anemia in the surgical patient

Although the safety of allogeneic blood transfusion has increased dramatically in recent decades, some risks remain. Contamination with infectious agents—including viruses, bacteria, spirochetes, and parasites—is still possible, although recent advances in blood screening and testing have decreased the risk. The principal noninfectious complication of blood transfusion is immunomodulation. Clinical manifestations of transfusion-related immunomodulatory activity include hemolytic and allergic reactions, graft-versus-host disease, the possible decreased survival in patients with cancer, as well as increased susceptibility to postoperative infection, activation of latent infection, improvement in organ allograft survival, decreased frequency of spontaneous abortion, and moderation of immune inflammatory disease. The cause of transfusionrelated immunosuppression is not yet known, but possible contributing factors are the development of a suppressor cell network, formation of anti-idiotype antibodies, clonal deletion, macrophage paralysis, up-regulation of cells with latent infections, cytokine infusion, and contamination by infectious and noninfectious agents.
Synthesis of Sesquiterpene Anti-Tumor Lactones. IV1. A Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-2,3-Epoxycyclohexanol

Abstract In connection with studies directed toward the synthesis of sesquiterpene anti-tumor lactones, we needed the diastereomeric epoxy alcohols 1 and 2. The cis isomer 1 is obtained stereoselectively (91% 1, 9% 2) by the oxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-o1 with m-chloroperoxy-benzoic acid.2 The only reported route to the trans isomer is a non-selective oxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-y1 acetate with peroxybenzoic acid. After hydrolysis of the acetate, alcohols 1 and 2 are obtained in a ratio of 43:57.
Periodic orbits of competitive and cooperative systems

Abstract In this paper we consider the existence, location and stability type of periodic orbits of competitive and cooperative systems of autonomous ordinary differential equations. Particular attention is given to the existence of invariant manifolds related to periodic orbits and these results are used to improve a result of Hirsch for three dimensional irreducible competitive and cooperative systems. In particular, the Poincare-Bendixson theorem holds for such three dimensional systems.
The role of ERP tools in supply chain information sharing, cooperation, and cost optimization

Abstract The transaction based integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software provides different tools that can support supply chain integration but at the same time it has several features that obstructs the integration with business partners. We concentrate on the inventory management aspects of supply chain coordination reviewing the recent quantitative modeling and organizational results available in literature. We summarize the results of a detailed numerical and sensitivity analysis based on our previously published models for supply chain cooperation and joint optimal ordering and shipment policies for the buyer and supplier. These results can be used in enterprise software to measure the potential monetary value of policy coordination, to promote cooperation, and minimize the total supply chain system cost. Our further goal is to combine quantitative tools with organizational and management factors, and to integrate them in a multi-level framework of policy coordination.
Hypercalcemia inhibits the rapid stimulatory effect on calcium transport in perfused duodena from normal chicks mediated in vitro by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

We have previously reported that vascular perfusion of normal vitamin D3-replete chick duodena with physiological amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] increases the movement of 45Ca2+ from the lumen to the venous effluent within 14 min under conditions of normal Ca2+ (0.9 mm) concentration in both the lumen and vascular perfusate. The present studies were designed to further explore details of this rapid 1,25-(OH)2D3 effect as a function of seco-steroid concentration and under conditions where the free Ca2+ concentrations in the perfusate were varied from 0.54–1.26 mm. Concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the vascular perfusate ranging from 30–650 pM elicited an increasing stimulation of Ca transport, as judged by 45Ca levels in the venous effluent. At 0.98–6.5 nm 1,25-(QH)2D3, progressive inhibition of Ca transport was observed, yielding a biphasic dose-response curve. The optimal concentration of 650 pM 1,25-(OH)2D3 was used in subsequent experiments designed to study the effects of vascular ...
The Ameliorating Effects of High Socioeconomic Status: A Secondary Analysis

Abstract A secondary analysis of previously published data shows that high-socioeconomic status (SES) English language learners (ELLs) outperform low-SES fluent English speakers on tests of math, and they do about as well on tests of reading. Thus, for ELLs, SES can offset the effects of language proficiency on standardized tests of math and reading. This result suggests that we can improve the performance of all ELLs by providing aspects of high SES known to impact school performance. This can be done by improving the print environment and providing bilingual education.
Angiogenic Factors and Pregnant Woman with New Onset Seizures

Background. In patients with new onset seizures during pregnancy, it can be challenging to differentiate between eclampsia and other etiologies. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt1) is an antiangiogenic protein that is elevated in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Case. A multiparous woman presented at 22 weeks gestation with seizures. The initial presentation was highly suspicious for eclampsia, but blood pressure and laboratory data were equivocal. Further investigation suggested primary seizure disorder. Serum sFlt1 was normal for gestational age, supporting the exclusion of eclampsia. Conclusion. History, physical exam, and traditional laboratory data are the mainstays of eclampsia diagnosis; however, sFlt1 may help clinicians when the diagnosis is uncertain at preterm gestational ages.
Chemistry of the mandibular gland secretion of the Indian beePithitis smaragdula

The mandibular glands of the stem-nesting Indian beePithitis smaragdula contain a mixture of salicylaldehyde, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, pentadecane, heptadecane, ethyl tetradecanoate, and ethyl hexadecanoate. Salicylaldehyde is reported for the first time from a hymenopterous source. The secretion, emitted when the bee is disturbed, is rubbed with the legs over the bee's body and the disturbing object. The reactivity of some of the components in combination with the bee's behavior make the glandular exudate an effective defensive secretion.
Management of Pelvic Floor Disorders: Biofeedback and More

Defecatory disorders (DD) and fecal incontinence (FI) are common conditions. DD are primarily attributable to impaired rectoanal function during defecation or structural defects. FI is caused by one or more disturbances of anorectal continence mechanisms. Altered stool consistency may be the primary cause or may unmask anorectal deficits in both conditions. Diagnosis and management requires a systematic approach beginning with a thorough clinical assessment. Symptoms do not reliably differentiate a DD from other causes of constipation such as slow or normal transit constipation. Therefore, all constipated patients who do not adequately respond to medical therapy should be considered for anorectal testing to identify a DD. Preferably, two tests indicating impaired defecation are required to diagnose a DD. Patients with DD, or those for whom testing is not available and the clinical suspicion is high, should be referred for biofeedback-based pelvic floor physical therapy. Patients with FI should be managed with lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy for bowel disturbances, and management of local anorectal problems (e.g., hemorrhoids). When these measures are not beneficial, anorectal testing and pelvic floor retraining with biofeedback therapy should be considered. Sacral nerve stimulation or perianal bulking could be considered in patients who have persistent symptoms despite optimal management of bowel disturbances and pelvic floor retraining.
Information integration: A new generation of information technology

The explosion of the Internet and e-business in recent years has caused a secondary explosion in the amounts and types of information available to enterprise applications. Industry analysts predict that more data will be generated in the next three years than in all of recorded history. Because the adoption of Internet-based business transaction models has significantly outpaced the development of tools and technologies to deal with the information explosion, many businesses find their systems breaking under the sheer volume and diversity of data being directed at them. The challenge facing businesses today is information integration. Enterprise applications must interact with databases, application servers, content management systems, data warehouses, workflow systems, search engines, message queues, Web crawlers, mining and analysis packages, and other enterprise integration applications. They must use a variety of programming interfaces and understand a variety of languages and formats. They must extract and combine data in multiple formats generated by multiple delivery mechanisms. Clearly, the boundaries that have traditionally existed between database management systems, content management systems, midtier caches, data warehouses, and other data management systems are blurring, and there is a great need for a platform that provides a unified view of all of these services and the data they deliver.
Feminist and marxist criticism: An argument for alliances†

(1981). Feminist and marxist criticism: An argument for alliances. Women's Studies: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 29-45.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists: their role as vasoprotective agents in diabetes.

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and now affect more than 170 million individuals worldwide. The incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly and now accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin sensitizing agents commonly used in the treatment of patients who have type 2 diabetes, improve endothelial dysfunction and exert beneficial effects on lipid profiles by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). In addition, TZDs exhibit antiatherogenic effects, independent of their antidiabetic and lipid-lowering properties, by attenuating proinflammatory processes. The combination of increased insulin sensitivity, improved lipid profile, and reduced inflammation may explain the cardiovascular benefits of this class of drugs.
Words Functioning Simultaneously as Operant and Respondent Reinforcers: Preliminary Study

A new group, verbal-conditioning device, together with a rating sheet, was used in an identical-Ss design with 40 undergraduate Ss to demonstrate the simultaneous operation of words as operant reinforcers and UCSs. The conditioning device allowed the presentation of words having either positive or negative evaluative meaning to be contingent upon whether a motor response was made to one or to another CVC, respectively. The rating sheet was used subsequently to determine whether meaning had been conditioned to the CVCs. As predicted, the tendency to respond to CVCs followed by positive words was greater than that to CVCs followed by negative words; and CVCs preceding positive words were subsequently rated as more pleasant than those preceding negative words.