cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of FDG PET-CT in incidental lymphadenopathy

1450 Objectives As CT imaging volume increases, incidentally found lymphadenopathy presents clinicians with a diagnostic dilemma as the work-up can be expensive and invasive but the rate of cancer is low. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has not been shown to aid in the diagnosis or risk stratification of cancer associated with incidental lymphadenopathy (IL) but our hospital has encountered an increasing number of PET-CT requests for IL work-up. The aim of this study was to characterize the utility of FDG PET-CT in the evaluation of patients with lymphadenopathy without other imaging findings of malignancy. Methods The clinical indications for PET-CTs from 10/1/2008 to 9/30/2011 were searched for the key words “lymphadenopathy” and “lymph node”. Patients were included in the study if the indication for the PET-CT was initial evaluation of lymphadenopathy in the absence of current malignancy and other imaging findings of malignancy. The electronic medical records for patients were examined for PET-CT results, correlative imaging, prior medical history, pathologic results, referring clinician suspicion for cancer, and current health status. Results Sixty-six PET-CT studies met the entry criteria. Ultimately, 15 of the 66 (23%) patients were diagnosed with malignancy. 9 of 10 (90%) patients with high clinical suspicion of cancer had a malignancy, but only 6 of 56 (11%) patients with low clinical suspicion of cancer had malignancy (p Conclusions FDG PET-CT has low specificity when evaluating lymphadenopathy without other imaging signs of malignancy. In the setting of high clinical suspicion of malignancy, FDG PET-CT may have a role in assessing disease extent and biopsy site determination. However, the data presented here suggest that for patients with low clinical suspicion of malignancy, follow up with conventional imaging is preferred
Social Communication in Whales and Dolphins

Marine mammals have evolved acoustic communication systems to take advantage of favorable propagation of sound compared to other sensory modalities in the ocean. Marine mammals stand out among nonhuman mammals in their abilities for vocal production learning. Vocal learning has been demonstrate for reproductive advertisement displays in marine mammals, but it is also important for the developement of individual or group-distinctive signals.
Stress-Induced Senescence

Stress-induced senescence is a very broad concept encompassing a variety of stresses and sources of damage to cells. These stresses act via intracellular pathways, which may be multiple, to a final common state of irreversible cell division. In this state the cell is held in the nondividing state by the combination of CDKI activity, heterochromatin formation, and gene expression changes. Here, a case is made that, although the mediators of stress-induced senescence may be multiple, the p38 MAP kinase pathway stands out as potentially the most important. However, both the means by which it may become activated by stresses and the means by which it acts to cause senescence are both as yet unclear. Future studies should focus on appropriate in vivo models in which stress-induced senescence can be studied under pathophysiologically relevant conditions.
Bridging Enterprise Architecture Requirements to ArchiMate

Properly aligned business and Information Technology (IT) can provide competitive edge to an organization. In order to align business with IT, IT should fully support business operations. Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be used to support business and IT alignment. To help design such systems using EA, Enterprise Architecture Frameworks (EAF) may be used. There are frameworks to support EA, such as Zachman Framework, the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), and The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). They help to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture and reduce the costs of planning, designing, and implementing [8]. ArchiMate is an open and independent architecture modeling language that complements EAF for modeling and visualizing EA. Regardless of chosen EAF, conversion processes from requirements to EA using ArchiMate are not well-defined to the best of our knowledge. Goal-oriented approach is a requirement analysis technique that supports early requirements analysis, which can be used to define a process for bridging EA requirements to ArchiMate. Therefore,we propose guidelines using goal-oriented approach and then apply them to the interoperability of prescriptions in a healthcare system.
Numerical solution of transport equations

In this dissertation we discuss the numerical solution of systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations with lower order terms and step function initial data. These equations arise in modeling the propagation of a signal with loss, such as a signal in a resistive co-axial cable, or the flow of neutrons in a reactor. Majda and Osher have shown that dissipative finite difference approximations to such problems display a numerical artifact which is not encountered for scalar equations. Namely, noise from an initial discontinuity propagates into a large region behind the discontinuity. Their results do not apply in the vicinity of a discontinuity, and our goal is to discover the detailed behavior in this region. This information will be of use in constructing algorithms that attempt to accurately approximate solutions with discontinuities or shocks. We analyze the behavior of finite difference approximations to a particular model problem with step function initial data. We use Fourier transforms to express the solution of the difference approximation as a Fourier integral. The behavior of this integral is then examined by using the theory of uniform asymptotic estimation of integrals. We show that the solution of the difference approximation is modeled by a particular class of integrals, which we call generalized Bessel functions. With these results, we are able to show that there is a "smearing" of the discontinuity which is the same as that which one obtains when approximating the scalar wave equation. Thus, the behavior near the discontinuity is qualitatively similar to the near-front behavior of the scalar wave equation. These results show that the artifact discovered by Majda and Osher is overwhelmed near the discontinuity by the numerical dispersion and/or dissipation introduced by the difference approximation. Graphs of the generalized Bessel functions are provided. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our results to automatic mesh refinement and give an example.
Pirfenidone-Induced Sarcoid-Like Reaction: A Novel Complication

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Prognosis is poor with a median survival
Optimization of phase-contrast MRI for the estimation of global cerebral blood flow of mice at 11.7T.

Purpose To optimize phase-contrast (PC) MRI for the measurement of global cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the mouse at 11.7T. Methods We determined proper velocity encoding (VENC) for internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and vertebral arteries (VAs). Next, we optimized spatial resolution of the sequence. To shorten scan time without compromising data quality, we further optimized repetition time and developed a reduced field-of-view (FOV) scheme for ICA and VA PC MRI. Whole-brain volume was determined with T2 -weighted image to obtain unit-volume CBF. Results Peak flow velocities were 13.8 ± 1.7, 14.4 ± 0.6, 6.5 ± 1.7, and 6.7 ± 1.3 cm/s for left ICA, right ICA, left VA, and right VA, respectively. Thus, VENC values of 20 and 10 cm/s were chosen for ICA and VA PC MRI, respectively. An in-plane spatial resolution of 50 × 50 μm2 was found to provide a reasonable trade-off between reducing partial-volume effects and maintaining signal-to-noise ratio. Because of the fact that saturated spins in the imaging slice are rapidly replaced by fresh spins, TR of the sequence can be decreased to as short as 15 ms without reducing signal intensity, thereby substantially lowering scan time. Moreover, reduced FOV along the phase-encoding direction was able to shorten scan time by 33.3% while maintaining measurement accuracy. With these optimizations, it took 96 seconds to evaluate CBF with a test-retest variability of approximately 5% and an inter-rater correlation of >0.95. Global unit-volume CBF was found to be 279.5 ± 11.1 mL of blood/100 ml of tissue/min. Conclusion We have optimized PC MRI for noninvasive quantification of blood flow in mice at 11.7T.
Anatomic and functional changes after myotomy with or without mandibular anguloplasty in masseter hypertrophy patients: A prospective study

Abstract Objective The current study aims to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcome in patients with masseter hypertrophy following surgical debulking of the masseter. Methods 18 patients (28 sites) of masseter hypertrophy underwent surgical muscle debulking with / without osseous recontouring. Post-operative assessment was done by measuring change in: a) muscle thickness using ultrasonography, b) electrical activity of the muscle using electromyography (EMG) and c) maximum bite forces generated 1 year following surgery. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 1–10) was used to evaluate the patients’ aesthetic satisfaction. Results An average reduction in muscle thickness at rest and clench by 6.35 and 5.25 mm, respectively was seen 12 months after surgery. Mean bite force and clench EMG showed a statistically significant decrease 1 year post-operatively (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001 respectively). The average mouth opening increased significantly by 8 mm (p Conclusion Surgical debulking is a reliable treatment modality for masseter hypertrophy providing good aesthetic and functional outcomes.
Modelling incomplete neutralisation with weighted phonetic constraints

Incomplete neutralisation presents a problem for classical modular feed-forward grammars: it results in surface phonetic distinctions between phonologically neutralised segments. This paper argues for a model of incomplete neutralisation using two independently motivated theoretical devices: paradigm uniformity and weighted phonetic constraints. A case study is presented, showing that Japanese monomoraic lengthening results in incomplete neutralisation: when monomoraic nouns with short vowels are lengthened to fill a bimoraic minimality requirement, they reach a duration intermediate between that of unlengthened short vowels and underlyingly long vowels. The Japanese case has properties distinct from other classically cited examples of incomplete neutralisation such as final devoicing, which are not predicted by previous theories of neutralisation. The Weighted Paradigm Uniformity theory of incomplete neutralisation is shown to make four unique predictions, and is argued to better capture the typology of incomplete neutralisation.
Towards A Novel Approach for Designing Smart Classrooms

Several universities in the world have taken the path to become smart universities. The main purpose of such move is to increase the education quality and to provide students/teachers a safe and comfortable environment. A smart university consists of several smart components: smart classroom, smart parking, smart maintenance, smart traffic flow management, etc. In this paper we propose to design and implement smart classrooms. The other smart components will be the subject of future research projects. Nowadays, smart classrooms are based on Internet of Things (IoT). However, IoT based systems tend to become more and more complex over the time. This complexity is related to the increasing number of IoT platforms, technologies and components (hardware and software), as well as the increasing number of vendors in this evolving ecosystem. This situation makes selecting the appropriate IoT system for smart classrooms a time-consuming challenge, especially since several actors (Teachers, Students, Managers, IT specialists, Financial officials, etc.) may participate in such process of selecting the most suitable IoT systems for a smart classroom; with each of them viewing and acting on the choice of IoT systems from one single perspective at a time. This paper proposes a multi-perspective decision-making approach in order to assist managers in the process of selecting the most suitable IoT systems for smart classrooms. This approach is promising because of its ability to: (1) represent graphically all the perspectives of an IoT system and (2) measure the compliance of an IoT system with the smart classrooms’ requirements.
Trauma-informed care and the public child welfare system: the challenges of shifting paradigms: introduction to the special issue on trauma-informed care

Given the prevalence of trauma and traumatic stress reactions among child welfare system-involved children, families, caregivers, professionals, and other stakeholders, it is critical that child we...
The feto-maternal immune response to equine placentitis.

Problem Ascending placentitis is one of the leading causes of abortion in the horse. Minimal work has focused on its effect on fetal fluids or the antenatal immune response of the fetus. Methodology Placentitis was induced via transcervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi ssp Zooepidemicus, and fluids/serum/tissues were collected 4-6 days later following euthanasia. Cytokine concentrations were detected using a multiplex immunoassay within fetal fluids (amniotic and allantoic) and serum (maternal and fetal) in inoculated and control mares. In addition, tissues from fetal (spleen, liver, lung, umbilicus, amnioallantois) and maternal (spleen, liver, lung, chorioallantois, endometrium) origin were analyzed in inoculated and control mares utilizing qPCR for expression of cytokines. Results No difference in cytokine concentrations in maternal or fetal serum was noted between inoculated and control mares. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and GRO were upregulated in the amniotic fluid following inoculation, with a trend toward higher IL-6 concentration in allantoic fluid. The amnioallantoic tissue separating the two fluids had higher expression of IL-1β and IL-6 following inoculation, while chorioallantois and endometrium upregulated IL-1β and IL-8 expression. IL-1β was upregulated in the maternal spleen following inoculation. Fetal spleens were upregulated in expression of IL-1β, GRO, and IL-6, while IL-6 was higher in fetal liver after inoculation than in controls. Conclusion The maternal response to placentitis is primarily pro-inflammatory while the fetus appears to play a regulatory role in this inflammation. Additionally, amniotic fluid sampling may be more diagnostic of ascending placentitis than circulating cytokines.
Transportation patterns demonstrate inequalities in community participation for working-age Americans with disabilities

Abstract This paper utilizes newly available data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey to examine travel patterns within the U.S. for persons with disabilities. Our analysis finds that having a disability is associated with lower odds of taking a trip for shopping, for social or recreational reasons, for running errands, or for going to work, even after controlling for other characteristics. Length of disability (less than 6 months, more than 6 months, or lifetime) is associated with the type of mobility aid used to support travel, some aspects of day-to-day travel, and the odds of taking a trip for errands, shopping, social, or recreational reasons. Those with a lifetime disability had lower odds of traveling for errands or shopping (OR = 0.68, p
Development of a Cardio-Oncology Program in a Community Hospital

The intersection between cardiovascular disease and cancer care is relevant to patients with cancer across the health care system. Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the United States ([1][1]). In the United States, 48% of adults have cardiovascular disease ([2][2
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis: A Literature Review

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are known to have a proven mortality benefit in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) without kidney disease. As patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis were excluded in clinical trials of HFrEF, the data are scant on the appropriate use of MRAs in this population. The unknown efficacy, along with concerns of adverse effects such as hyperkalemia, has limited the willingness of clinicians to consider using MRAs in these patients. However, it is unclear whether the risk of hyperkalemia is present if a patient is oliguric or anuric. Current guidelines recommend against the use of MRAs in patients with chronic kidney disease, but do not address the use of MRAs in patients requiring dialysis. This article will review the epidemiology of heart failure in ESRD, the pathophysiological derangements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with kidney disease, and the results from case series and trials of the use of MRAs in ESRD with HFrEF. Although limited to several small trials using MRAs in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients with or without HFrEF, the current literature appears to show the potential for clinical benefits with little risk.
Impact of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Heart Transplant–Free Survival in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Patients

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) studies in pediatric or congenital heart disease patients have shown an improvement in ejection fraction and heart failure symptoms. However, a survival benefit of CRT in this population has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CRT upon heart transplant-free survival in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients, using a propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Methods This single-center study compared CRT patients (implant date, 2004-2017) and controls, matched by 1:1 PSM using 21 comprehensive baseline indices for risk stratification. CRT patients were Results Of 133 patients who received CRT during the study period, 84 met all study inclusion criteria. One hundred thirty-three controls met all criteria at an outpatient encounter. Following PSM, 63 matched CRT-control pairs were identified with no significant difference between groups across all baseline indices. Heart transplant or death occurred in 12 (19%) PSM-CRT subjects and 37 (59%) PSM-controls with a median follow-up of 2.7 years (quartiles, 0.8-6.1 years). CRT was associated with markedly reduced risk of heart transplant or death (hazard ratio, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.12-0.46]; P Conclusions In pediatric and congenital heart disease patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony, CRT was associated with improved heart transplant-free survival. Visual Overview: A visual overview is available for this article.
Insights from the UNOS Database on the Impact of Laterality on Outcomes in Lung Transplantation: Left is Not Always Right in Single Lung Transplantation

Purpose Lung transplantation remains an established therapy for end stage lung disease. It is well known that double lung transplant recipients have a survival advantage over single lung transplant (SLTxp) recipients. There is a gap in knowledge regarding how laterality might affect survival in these recipients. We hypothesized that recipients who need a single left lung transplant might have shorter wait times and improved survival compared to right. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of de-identified data from the UNOS registry. SLTxp adult recipients who were transplanted for COPD and IPF diagnoses were queried from January 2006 to September 2018. Group comparisons were made with chi-square for categorical and student's t-test for continuous variables. The univariate odds ratios, obtained using logistical regression, was adjusted for the presence of confounders. Survival using Kaplan-Meier survival curve was examined. Results The final study cohort consisted of 6,730 recipients who received a SLT for COPD or IPF. Total number of SLT during this period included: IPF right (n=2054) vs left (n=2568) and COPD right (n=1029) vs left (n=1079) respectively. Median time from transplant to follow-up was 23.5 months. The difference in the wait list times in both cohorts, COPD and IPF was statistically significant between right and left lung recipients (IPF: Left 99.6 vs Right: 96.7 days; COPD: Left: 226 vs Right 233 days). In the IPF lung transplant recipients no difference in survival was observed between right vs left lung transplantation. (Figure A) In the COPD cohort, right lung recipients had a better post-transplant survival (Figure B). Conclusion The wait time for both cohorts, COPD and IPF was longer for right vs left lung recipients. Compared to left lung recipients, Right LT recipients for COPD reported better survival but this difference in survival was not seen in the IPF cohort. The reason for this survival advantage needs to be studied further.
Synthesis of terpyridine-containing polycarbonates with post polymerization providing water-soluble and micellar polymers and their metal complexes

Carbon dioxide based polymers synthesized from the metal-catalyzed copolymeriation of epoxides and CO2 containing the terpyridine ligand as an end group are reported. The strategy used was to carry out the polymerization in the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative of terpyridine, 4′-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (HL), as a chain transfer agent. The epoxide monomer possessing a vinyl substituent, allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), was copolymerized with CO2 employing a (salen)Co(III) catalyst to afford a polycarbonate which upon the addition of mercaptoacetic acid across the double bond, followed by deprotonation, yielded a water soluble polymer. In a similar manner, the sequential formation of a diblock terpolymer produced from propylene oxide, AGE, and CO2 provided a amphiphilic polycarbonate which self-assembled upon addition to water to form micelle nanostructures. The molecular weights of these CO2-derived polycarbonates were shown to be easily controlled by the quantity of chain transfer agent used. These polymeric ligands were demonstrated to provide a modular design for synthesizing a wide variety of metal complexes as illustrated herein for zinc and platinum derivatives.
Leveraging Interdisciplinary Teams to Develop and Implement Secure Websites for Behavioral Research: Applied Tutorial

Behavioral researchers are increasingly using interactive digital platforms, either as standalone or supplementary intervention tools, to facilitate positive changes in research participants' health habits. Research-oriented interactive websites optimally offer a variety of participatory mediums, such as blogs, user-driven content, or health activities. Owing to the multidirectional features of interactive websites, and a corresponding need to protect research participants' identity and data, it is paramount that researchers design ethical platforms that ensure privacy and minimize loss of anonymity and confidentiality. Authentication (ie, digital verification of one's identity) of interactive sites is one viable solution to these concerns. Although previous publications have addressed ethical requirements related to authenticated platforms, few applied guidelines in the literature facilitate adherence to ethical principles and legally compliant study protocols during all phases of research website creation (feasibility, design, implementation, and maintenance). Notably, to remain compliant with ethical standards and study protocols, behavioral researchers must collaborate with interdisciplinary teams to ensure that the authenticated site remains secure and usable in all stages of the project. In this tutorial, we present a case study conducted at a large research university. Through iterative and practical recommendations, we detail lessons learned from collaborations with the Institutional Review Board, legal experts, and information technology teams. Although the intricacies of our applied tutorial may require adaptations based on each institution's technological capacity, we are confident that the core takeaways are universal and thus useful to behavioral researchers creating ethically responsible and compliant interactive websites.
Development and Application of Leakage Current Monitoring Device of MOV in UHV/EHV Series Capacitors

According to the working characteristics of Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) in series capacitors, the architecture of MOV’s leakage current monitoring device using for EHV or UHV series capacitors was studied in this paper. The method of extracting and correcting resistive current of each MOV based on main capacitor current was proposed. Furtherly the MOV’s leakage current monitoring device and power supply based on current transformer was developed. The finite element model of the series capacitors was established and the electric field intensity and potential distribution after installing the monitoring device were simulated and analyzed. The application of MOV monitoring device was firstly implemented in China, and the leakage current data of under MOV’s operation were obtained, which provides reference for the development of condition monitoring technology of series capacitors in the future.
Multiple CheY Proteins Control Surface-Associated Lifestyles of Azospirillum brasilense

Bacterial chemotaxis is the directed movement of motile bacteria in gradients of chemoeffectors. This behavior is mediated by dedicated signal transduction pathways that couple environment sensing with changes in the direction of rotation of flagellar motors to ultimately affect the motility pattern. Azospirillum brasilense uses two distinct chemotaxis pathways, named Che1 and Che4, and four different response regulators (CheY1, CheY4, CheY6, and CheY7) to control the swimming pattern during chemotaxis. Each of the CheY homologs was shown to differentially affect the rotational bias of the polar flagellum and chemotaxis. The role, if any, of these CheY homologs in swarming, which depends on a distinct lateral flagella system or in attachment is not known. Here, we characterize CheY homologs' roles in swimming, swarming, and attachment to abiotic and biotic (wheat roots) surfaces and biofilm formation. We show that while strains lacking CheY1 and CheY6 are still able to navigate air gradients, strains lacking CheY4 and CheY7 are chemotaxis null. Expansion of swarming colonies in the presence of gradients requires chemotaxis. The induction of swarming depends on CheY4 and CheY7, but the cells' organization as dense clusters in productive swarms appear to depend on functional CheYs but not chemotaxis per se. Similarly, functional CheY homologs but not chemotaxis, contribute to attachment to both abiotic and root surfaces as well as to biofilm formation, although these effects are likely dependent on additional cell surface properties such as adhesiveness. Collectively, our data highlight distinct roles for multiple CheY homologs and for chemotaxis on swarming and attachment to surfaces.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Introduction: Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare and aggressive disease with a median survival of 14–17 months and 5-year survival of around 20% for advanced disease. Emerging evidence of sub-gr...
Genome-Wide Linkage Study Meta-Analysis of Male Sexual Orientation.

Male sexual orientation is a scientifically and socially important trait shown by family and twin studies to be influenced by environmental and complex genetic factors. Individual genome-wide linkage studies (GWLS) have been conducted, but not jointly analyzed. Two main datasets account for > 90% of the published GWLS concordant sibling pairs on the trait and are jointly analyzed here: MGSOSO (Molecular Genetic Study of Sexual Orientation; 409 concordant sibling pairs in 384 families, Sanders et al. (2015)) and Hamer (155 concordant sibling pairs in 145 families, Mustanski et al. (2005)). We conducted multipoint linkage analyses with Merlin on the datasets separately since they were genotyped differently, integrated genetic marker positions, and combined the resultant LOD (logarithm of the odds) scores at each 1 cM grid position. We continue to find the strongest linkage support at pericentromeric chromosome 8 and chromosome Xq28. We also incorporated the remaining published GWLS dataset (on 55 families) by using meta-analytic approaches on published summary statistics. The meta-analysis has maximized the positional information from GWLS of currently available family resources and can help prioritize findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other approaches. Although increasing evidence highlights genetic contributions to male sexual orientation, our current understanding of contributory loci is still limited, consistent with the complexity of the trait. Further increasing genetic knowledge about male sexual orientation, especially via large GWAS, should help advance our understanding of the biology of this important trait.
Sanctuary for Asylum Seekers: Revisiting the Religious Principle and Practice of Refuge in the Church:

This article argues for a reconsideration of the tradition of church sanctuary. First, I analyze the reality of Central American asylum seekers who are systematically denied protection in the Unite...
Decentralized cooperative driving automation: a reinforcement learning framework using genetic fuzzy systems

Cooperative Automated Driving System (ADS)-equipped Vehicles (CoAVs) can be a promising solution to traffic congestion. We present a reinforcement learning strategy using Genetic Fuzzy Systems (GFS...
AFRL Additive Manufacturing Modeling Series: Challenge 1, Characterization of Residual Strain Distribution in Additively-Manufactured Metal Parts Using Energy-Dispersive Diffraction

A machine component fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) of metal powders often possesses steep residual stress gradients with significant magnitudes due to large temperature gradients that transpire within a localized area during fabrication. These processing-induced residual stresses can cause distortion of the part, and if they are of significant magnitude, they could induce cracking of the component, degrade printability, and/or diminish subsequent mechanical performance. The ability to predict these residual stresses imparted by AM is an important step in permeating AM technology for advanced manufacturing. Calibration and validation of AM process models used for prediction are, therefore, a critical step in understanding the origin and mitigating the challenges associated with residual stresses inherent to the AM process. In the present work, the residual strain distributions in components with simple geometries fabricated by a laser powder bed fusion (LBPF) process were characterized non-destructively using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction in support of the US Air Force Research Laboratory Additive Manufacturing Modeling Challenge Series Groeber et al. (JOM 70:441-448, 2018). The measurement setup and approach are described in detail so that the data can be used as a benchmark to calibrate and validate models for the prediction of macro-scale residual stresses due to the LPBF process.
The Timeliness of Regulatory Action

In this Chapter we examine the sources of liability growth and analyze FSLIC’s efforts to control this growth. Much of this Chapter provides institutional detail about the process by which an insolvent institution is identified and brought under FSLIC control. It is important to point out that inasmuch as FSLIC’s exposure to deposit insurance claims reflects poor investment decisions made by thrifts in the past, the net worth deficit represents a problem that cannot be undone by FSLIC or the FHLBB. Hence, attention should be focused on the time required for FSLIC to assume control of insolvent thrifts and the rate of growth of FSLIC liabilities once an insolvent thrift is under FSLIC control.
Abstract 19875: Bone Marrow Stem Cells Mobilized in Response to Ex-vivo Transgenic Overexpression of IGF-1 Differentiate into Functioning Cardiomyocytes and Contribute in Myocardial Regeneration

Objective: Despite extensive preclinical and clinical studies with bone marrow cells (BMCs), ability of BMCs to adopt cardiac phenotype in the ischemic heart remains contentious. This study provides a proof-of-concept that BMCs mobilized into the ischemic heart in response to myocardial ex-vivo transgenic overexpression of IGF-1, developed into mature cardiomyocytes and improved the heart function. Methods and Results: Forty-eight radiomyoabalated young female Fisher 344 rats received 1×10 6 BMCs from transgenic GFP + male rats. Three month later, ischemia/reperfusion model was developed in these animals by 45 minutes ligation of LAD artery followed by reperfusion. The animals were grouped (n=16) for intramyocardial injections of 70μl DMEM without cells (group-1) or containing 1×10 6 wild type BMCs genetically modified to overexpress IGF-1 (group-2) or adenoviral null vector without therapeutic gene (group-3). The animals were harvested 7 days and 6 weeks after their respective treatment and the hearts were removed for molecular and histological studies. The level of human IGF-1 and SDF-1α was higher in group-2 animal hearts ( p vs other groups) on day 7 with concomitant mobilization of GFP + BMCs in and around the ischemic myocardium in groups-2 which positively stained for y-chromosome by FISH. Moreover, the GFP + BMCs were also identified by immunostaining for ckit, CXCR4, CD44 and GATA4. Double immunostaining for GFP and cardiac actin on 6 weeks post cell engraftment showed that the mobilized cells extensively differentiated into mature muscle fibers. Enzymatic digestion of the rat hearts on 6 weeks yielded single GFP + rod shaped cardiomyocytes with clear striations in group-2. These isolated GFP + myocytes were longer as compared to the normal myocytes but showed contractility similar to the normal myocytes. Blood vessel density was markedly enhanced in group-2 ( p vs group-3) in peri-infarct area. Infarct area was reduced with improved LV-contractile function in group-2 ( p vs group-3). Conclusions: BMCs mobilized in response to IGF-1 overexpression in the ischemic heart differentiated into mature and functionally competent cardiomyocytes and improved cardiac function during 6-weeks of observation.
New York Garment Industry in the Global Market: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

Over recent decades, the increased complexity in interplay of economic, global and technological forces has dramatically transformed the US apparel industry. Today, New York’s Garment District is the world’s capital for apparel manufacturing, fashion design and marketing. Structurally the garment (apparel) industry is evolving from domestic manufacturing towards overseas labor and large-scale production serving mass retailers and brand-based manufacturers. In this context, some of the distinct advantages enjoyed by American apparel firms (who have maintained their dominant position globally) are eroding. This paper seeks to provide a conceptual overview of the “governance structures”, underlying dynamics, trends and prospects shaping the New York Garment Industry under the impact of globalization. Partly drawing on Global Value Chain (GVC) referenced by major works on globalization, this study presents four factors in the evolution of the New York fashion-apparel industry: rise of global production and retail networks (demand and supply conditions), human capital (labor), social capital (local institutional assets), and “first-mover advantages”.
Controllability Analysis of Renewable Energy Systems

The components of renewable energy systems including interfacing filters are first selected to ensure steady optimum performance operation, after which controllers are designed and implemented to ensure stability, high dynamic performance and robustness to disturbance and parameter variations. Sometimes, the component selection made, such as the structure and values of the elements of the filter may adversely affect or limit controller performance. In order to prevent or to be aware of this possibility, the controllability analysis of the open‐loop system which reveals the inherent characteristics of the system is desirable. In this paper the controllability analysis of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) wind turbine generator connected to the grid through a filter interface is studied. The stability of the nonlinear system and the study of the zero dynamics provide insights into potential constraints on controller structure and dynamics. It is revealed, for the selected controlled variables that the LCL filter makes the system to have unstable zero dynamics, which pose a limitation on controller structure that can be used and its dynamic performance.
The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture

The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture. Fred R. Myers. editor. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press. 2000.
Catchment-wide survival of wild- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in a changing system

We developed a hierarchical multistate model to estimate survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Penobscot River, USA, over a decade during which two mainstem dams were removed from...
Pain and motives for use among non-treatment seeking individuals with prescription opioid dependence.

Background and Objectives Patients with prescription opioid use disorders and co-occurring pain present a formidable challenge for healthcare providers, and little is known about patients with this dual diagnosis. This study examined the prevalence of pain and motives for use among individuals with prescription opioid dependence.
Tangled webs: reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey link streams and riparian zones

SUMMARY 1. Streams and their adjacent riparian zones are closely linked by reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey. We review characteristics of these prey subsidies and their strong direct and indirect effects on consumers and recipient food webs. 2. Fluxes of terrestrial invertebrates to streams can provide up to half the annual energy budget for drift-feeding fishes such as salmonids, despite the fact that input occurs principally in summer. Inputs appear highest from closed-canopy riparian zones with deciduous vegetation and vary markedly with invertebrate phenology and weather. Two field experiments that manipulated this prey subsidy showed that it affected both foraging and local abundance of stream fishes. 3. Emergence of adult insects from streams can constitute a substantial export of benthic production to riparian consumers such as birds, bats, lizards, and spiders, and contributes 25–100% of the energy or carbon to such species. Emergence typically peaks in early summer in the temperate zone, but also provides a low-level flux from autumn to spring in ice-free streams. This flux varies with in-stream productivity, and declines exponentially with distance from the stream edge. Some predators aggregate near streams and forage on these prey during periods of peak emergence, whereas others rely on the lower subsidy from autumn through spring when terrestrial prey are scarce. Several field experiments that manipulated this subsidy showed that it affected the short-term behaviour, growth, and abundance of terrestrial consumers. 4. Reciprocal prey subsidies also have important indirect effects on both stream and riparian food webs. Theory predicts that allochthonous prey should increase density of subsidised predators, thereby increasing predation on in situ prey and causing a negative indirect effect via apparent competition. However, short-term experiments have produced either positive or negative indirect effects. These contrasting results may be due to characteristics of the subsidies and individual consumers, but could also result from differences in experimental designs. 5. New study approaches are needed to better determine the direct and indirect effects of reciprocal prey subsidies. Experiments coupled with comparative research will be required to measure their effects on individual consumer fitness and population demographics. Future work should investigate whether reciprocal prey fluxes stabilise linked stream–riparian ecosystems, explore how landscape context affects the magnitude and importance of subsidies, and determine how impacts of human disturbance can propagate between streams and riparian zones via these trophic linkages. Study of these
A low cross-polarization decade-bandwidth Vivaldi array

A single-polarized, decade-bandwidth Vivaldi array with low cross-polarization is proposed. The array, termed the Sliced Notch Antenna (SNA) Array, exhibits the wideband impedance performance of Vivaldi arrays, yet it readily over-comes polarization purity degradation while scanned in the non-principal planes. The critical enabling technical innovation is the control of vertical surface current radiation through innovative discontinuities along the flared fins that are designed for decade-bandwidth impedance performance. The concept and performance are demonstrated through infinite array HFSS simulations and finite array Domain Decomposition Finite Element Method (DD-FEM) numerical results of a 19×19 SNA/Vivaldi array PCB-based prototypes.
B-Myb represses trans-activation of the Col5A2 collagen promoter indirectly via inhibition of binding of factors interacting with positive elements within the first exon.

Abstract B- myb , a member of the myb gene family, was originally isolated based on its high homology with c- myb in the DNA-binding domain. Previously we showed that B- myb is expressed in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a cell cycle-dependent fashion, and inhibits type I collagen gene promoter activity. Here, we have explored its role in regulation of another fibrillar collagen gene, Col5A2, encoding the α2 chain of type V collagen. Ectopic expression of B-Myb decreased α2(V) promoter activity and endogenous α2(V) collagen mRNA levels. The responsive region of the α2(V) collagen gene was localized to a fragment including 100 bp of basal promoter and 150 bp of exon 1 sequences, which contained two CRE-like elements. Binding to these elements increased upon deprivation of serum-growth factors, when expression of the Col5A2 gene is elevated, leading us to test their role despite the failure of excess unlabelled CRE oligonucleotide from the somatostatin gene to successfully compete for binding. Mutation of the elements significantly decreased the basal level of α2(V) collagen promoter activity and ablated inhibition by B-Myb. Furthermore, addition of B-Myb-glutathionine S -transferase fusion protein inhibited complex formation. Thus, these results confirm a major role for B-Myb in mediating intracellular signals controlling collagen gene expression in vascular SMCs. A model of indirect repression of the Col5A2 gene by B-Myb, via interaction with a positively-acting matrix regulatory factor, termed MRF-V, is discussed.
Cavity formation during single- and dual-ion irradiation in a 9Cr-1Mo ferritic alloy

Abstract The dose and temperature dependence of cavity formation in a 9Cr-1Mo ferritic alloy irradiated simultaneously with Ni + and He + has been studied with TEM. Comparisons are made with parallel experiments on Ni + -irradiated material that was preinjected with He. For dual-ion irradiation, both intergranular and intragranular cavities formed at all temperatures (450–600°C) and doses (5–25 dpa) investigated. The size of the intergranular cavities increased with increasing temperature, while the size of intragranular cavities decreased. In preinjected samples, cavities formed only at the lowest irradiation temperature (450°C). For 450°C single-ion irradiation and for 450 and 500°C dual-ion irradiation, there was a correlation between subgrain size and maximum cavity size, suggesting that the boundaries of the small (typically ~ 0.5 μm) subgrains act as the primary point-defect sink.
The early modern period in cell death

This essay is a personal and incomplete image of the early modern days in the cell death field, and it hopefully will be followed by other reflections. It is worth recalling for several reasons. Two of the most relevant are that some of the background, published prior to the time that Medline was routinely cataloging articles on the subject, has effectively been lost from modern consciousness. Secondly, some of these aspects, such as involvement of lysosomes, are now resurfacing, and it is perhaps useful not to reinvent the past. Some of the fundamental concepts derive from as far back as the 19th Century, as has been admirably described in other articles (Majno and Joris, 1995; Clarke and Clarke 1996), which are highly recommended to the reader, and the more recent period is covered in the accompanying article (Garfield and Melino, 1997). I would appreciate hearing of references located by others. Circumstances regarding this article did not permit the reproduction of some of the marvelous pictures of our forerunners. Perhaps the occasion will arise for a further presentation of this material. Clarke and Clarke's article, in addition to presenting many similar images is valuable for its reflections on early insightful observations, the waxing and waning of interest in the subject, and the tendency of science to rediscover principles first articulated a century before. Rather than repeat the efforts of these individuals, in the following sections I address a more personal view ± one voice among many ± of the beginning of the current wave of interest.
The History of the Greek Patriarchate of Jerusalem as Reflected in Codex Patriarchicus No. 428, 1517–1805

AbstractBetween 1891 and 1898 the indefatigable Greek archivist A. Papadopoulos-Kerameus published in five volumes the , The Analects of Jerusalemite Gleanings, in which he edited a large number of texts and short listings of documents dealing specifically with the history of the Greek patriarchate of Jerusalem and more generally with the broader historical frame of reference. Despite the richness of the documentation which his publications revealed the scholarly world has taken little notice of this rich source of materials for the history of the Jerusalem patriarchate as well as for the details of Ottoman administration of the region. The present state and disposition of the manuscript collections of the patriarchate are not known to me and in contrast to the collections of the Greek patriarchate of Alexandria and of Mount Sinai I am not aware of any detailed program of exploitation and systematic description of ...