cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proceeding Toward a License Application for U.S. Nuclear Waste Repository: Total System Performance Assessment Approach

The development of a deep geologic repository system in the United States has progressed to the preparation of an application for a license from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The project received site recommendation approval from the U.S. President in early 2002. The next phase of the project involves development of the license application (LA) utilizing the vast body of information accumulated in study of the site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Development of the license application involves analyses of the total system performance assessment (TSPA) of the repository, the TSPA-LA. The TSPA includes the available relevant information and model analyses from the various components of the system (e.g., unsaturated geologic zone, engineered system (waste packaging and drift design), and saturated geologic zone) (see Fig. 1 for nominal condition components), and unites that information into a single computer model used for evaluating the potential future performance or degradation of the repository system. The primary regulatory guidance for the repository system is found in 10 CFR 63, which indicates the acceptable risk to future populations from the repository system. The performance analysis must be traceable and transparent, with a defensible basis. The TSPA-LA is being developed utilizing state-of-the-art modeling software and visualization techniques, building on a decade of experience with such analyses. The documentation of the model and the analyses will be developed with transparency and traceability concepts to provide an integrated package for reviewers. The analysis relies on 1000’s of pages of supporting information, and multiple software and process model analyses. The computational environment represents the significant advances in the last 10 years in computer workstations. The overall approach will provide a thorough, transparent compliance analysis for consideration by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission in evaluating the Yucca Mountain repository.
Comparing physical activity questionnaires for youth: seasonal vs annual format.

Abstract Background: In large cohort studies of older children, self-report is the only practical way to assess physical activity. Assessing usual activity over the entire year is desirable, but children and adolescents may overestimate activities with high seasonal variability. Use of questionnaires in which individuals report each activity by season may improve accuracy. Methods: A total of 6782 girls and 5110 boys, aged 9–14 years in 1996, completed self-administered activity questionnaires in 1996 and in 1997. In 1996, participants reported the average time spent in each of 17 activities during the previous 12 months; in 1997, we also asked for the average time spent in the previous year, but within each of the four seasons. Results: Girls reported a median of 12.8 hours/week total activity in 1996 and 10.4 hours/week in 1997. For boys, the estimates were 15.5 hours/week and 13.4 hours/week, respectively. Girls and boys within 1-year age strata (e.g., comparison of 10-year olds in 1996 with 10-year olds in 1997) reported an average of 3.7 and 3.1 fewer hours per week, respectively, on the 1997 seasonal format versus the 1996 annual format questionnaire. In longitudinal analyses, the difference between the annual and the seasonal estimates was greater if participants did the activity in fewer seasons in 1997. Conclusions: In comparison to an annual format questionnaire, a seasonal format questionnaire may improve accuracy of self-report of physical activity by reducing over-reporting of activities in which pre-adolescents and adolescents engage in fewer seasons.
Cycle 20 solar wind modulation of galactic cosmic rays: Understanding the challenge

[1] It is well known that time variations of galactic cosmic rays for cycle 20 (1964–1976) challenge our understanding of the heliospheric dynamics and the physical processes involved in causing observed modulations. Several interesting questions have been raised over the years. We attempt to provide some plausible answers based on analyses of cosmic ray data obtained with detectors on the ground, on balloons, and on satellites; median rigidity of response of these detectors to the cosmic ray spectrum covers a range of rigidities (R) from 1 to 70 GV. In particular, we explore the observed correlation between hourly rates of neutron monitors and the time series of the product of solar wind velocity (V) and interplanetary magnetic field intensity (B) at Earth's orbit. Local convection is identified as a contributor to “steps” in cosmic ray time variations near Earth and in the outer heliosphere. The amplitude of 11-year modulation varies as 1/R; data do not support the concept of “transition” rigidity for modulation. We argue that heliosheath-related modulation effects are minimal at Earth's orbit at R > 3 GV. Heuristic considerations suggest that the space-dependent part of the diffusion coefficient should vary as 1/B (not 1/B2). We relate modulation function to the product BV, suggesting it plays a significant role in the solar modulation of cosmic rays.
Studies of Coal Liquefaction at Very Short Reaction Times. 2

A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a catalyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily distinguishable with an appropriate short contact time liquefaction reactor and thermogravimetric analysis. The first stage, an extraction of liquefaction solvent-soluble material in the coal, is very rapid and levels off in the first minute or so. The heat of this extraction process for Illinois No. 6 coal in tetralin is about 42 kJ/mol (10 kcal/mol), suggesting this is primarily a physical process. The second stage is a slower breakdown of the coal structure itself. This stage consists of several steps of progressively slower rates, probably representing the cleavage of the various connecting groups between the aromatic clusters which make up the coal structure. Between the first extraction stage and the second stage of coal structure breakdown, there is a transition period during which both processes are taking place simultaneously. A kinetic model for the liquefaction...
Early stages in the growth of electric field-induced surface fluctuations

Real-time measurements of fluctuations arising from electrohydrodynamic instabilities at polymer liquid/air interfaces were used to characterize the selection of a dominant wavelength and the rate at which this fluctuation grows. Reflection interference fringes from the film surface were used to measure the growth rates of fluctuations and their dependence on electrostatic pressure. The growth rate was found to exponentially depend on time and strongly depend on the applied voltage and initial distance between the liquid surface and the opposing electrode. Results at early times are in quantitative agreement with predictions from a linear stability analysis, yet deviations are seen with increasing time and define the limits over which the linearized theory is applicable.
The relationship between therapist and client hope with therapy outcomes

The current study examined whether clients' perceptions of hope and therapists' hope in their clients were associated with therapy outcomes. The authors conducted a naturalistic study of brief therapy with 10 therapists and 43 adult clients. Client-rated hope significantly increased after one session of therapy. However, no significant relationship was found between pretherapy client-rated hope and first-session symptom change. Further, client-rated hope at any point in therapy was not significantly related to therapy outcomes. Therapists' hope in their clients after the first and last sessions was significantly related to client outcomes. Implications for therapy practice and research are offered.
Feedback control of a circular cylinder wake

AbstractFeedback flow control of a three-dimensional wake behind a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of Re=100 was investigated. A combination of numerical simulations, experiments, and control theory was used to understand the flow field and to develop a sensor configuration, a flow state estimator, and a controller. The flow field was analysed by using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in two dimensions, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional sensor placements were investigated. The controller input was computed from the POD time coefficients, and actuation was performed by using rigid cylinder motion normal to the free stream. In the two-dimensional computations, feedback was shown to effectively reduce the drag and the fluctuating lift force. When feedback forcing was applied in the three-dimensional wake, both simulations and experiments showed that the vortex shedding could be controlled initially and the amplitude of the fluctuations decreased. However, spanwise phase variations eventua...
Evidence for a long-term influence on morphie tolerance after previous morphine exposure: role of neuronal glucocorticoid receptors

Opioid analgesic tolerance is a pharmacological phenomenon that overtime diminishes the opioid analgesic effect. However, it remains unknown as to whether a previous opioid exposure would have a long-term influence on opioid tolerance upon subsequent opioid administration. Here, we show that the onset and degree of antinociceptive tolerance to a subsequent cycle of morphine exposure were substantially exacerbated in rats made tolerant to and then recovered from previous morphine administration, indicating a long-term influence from a previous morphine exposure on the development of morphine tolerance. Mechanistically, morphine exposure induced a cyclic AMP and protein kinase A-dependent upregulation of neuronal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) within the spinal cord dorsal horn, which was maintained after discontinuation of morphine administration and significantly enhanced upon a second cycle of morphine exposure. Prevention of the GR upregulation with GR antisense oligonucleotides as well as inhibition of GR activation with the GR antagonist RU38486 effectively prevented the exacerbated morphine tolerance after subsequent cycles of morphine exposure. The results indicate that a previous morphine exposure could induce lasting cellular changes mediated through neuronal GR and influence morphine analgesia upon a subsequent exposure. These findings may have significant implications in clinical opioid therapy and substance abuse.
Ineffability investigations: what the later Wittgenstein has to offer to the study of ineffability

While a considerable amount of effort has been expended in an attempt to understand Ludwig Wittgenstein’s enigmatic comments about silence and the mystical at the end of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, very little attention has been paid to the implications of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations for the study of ineffability. This paper first argues that, since Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations problematizes private language, emphasizes the description of actual language use, and recognizes the rule-governed nature of language, it contains significant implications for the study of ineffability, inviting investigations of the ways in which putative ineffability actually gets expressed rather than speculation about whether there are ineffable objects or experiences. It then undertakes such an investigation in the Dionysian corpus, finding therein not only grammatical techniques that express inexpressibility at the referential, illocutionary, and semiotic levels but also rules that underlie and govern these techniques. Finally, it shows how a recovery of the ordinary uses of ineffability might help dissolve the metaphysical problem of ineffability, thereby bringing ineffability back to the everyday.
The response of hyporheic invertebrate communities to a large flood in the Hunter River, New South Wales

Previous studies on recovery in hyporheic communities have found that communities rapidly return to pre-disturbance levels. However, most of these studies have concentrated on small floods or ones with short return periods. I studied the impact of a large 1 in 6 year flood on the hyporheic community at 2 sites in the Hunter River, a large coastal river in New South Wales with a mean daily flow of 15 m3 s−1. The flood peaked at 1270 m3 s−1 and afterwards invertebrate densities at the 2 sites were 83 and 67% less than they were before. Recovery to pre-flood densities was slow but was aided by increases in the oligochaete and cyclopoid populations. At Site 1, there was a boom in oligochaete and cyclopoid numbers 61 d after the flood, but the communities resumed their pre-flood densities by Day 139. Recovery at Site 2 took 139 d. Most groundwater taxa (stygobites) living in the hyporheic zone did not recover from the disturbance when compared to non-stygobites. Apart from Microturbellaria and the harpacticoid Parastenocaris sp., numbers of all stygobite taxa continued to decline after the flood, becoming absent after 61 d. The poor recovery of stygobites is probably due to their adaptations for survival in the relatively stable groundwater environment. This study shows that hyporheic communities are sensitive to large bed-moving floods and supports the hypothesis that ecotonal species with a strong affinity to one ecosystem can be poor at recovering from disturbances that occur in an adjacent ecosystem.
Operating for the Aging Face

Observations are made about the type of patient who seeks rhytidoplasty (“face-lift”). The surgeon evaluating an individual for this operation may do considerable good or harm depending upon his understanding of the patient's complaints and expectations. In some cases, surgery is contraindicated; in the selection process the surgeon needs to determine the patient's motivation and be willing to reject a candidate or postpone the operation when psychological factors so indicate. The special emotional components involved in the decision to undergo cosmetic surgery and in the hospitalization and postoperative periods are emphasized. Several patient types considered unsuitable candidates for this operation are discussed in detail.
Quality-driven Sequence Planning and Line Configuration Selection for Compliant Structure Assemblies

Assembly sequence planning is an integral part of a new product and process development. However, currently there are very few available approaches to evaluate the impact of assembly sequences on product quality. This paper develops a methodology for Quality-driven Sequence Planning (Q/SP) with consideration to product dimensional quality based on the following three steps: (1) Sequence generation for predetermined line configurations using /(-piece mixed-graph representation of assembly; (2) Dimensional quality model of variation propagation for assembly processes with compliant parts; and (3) Evaluation of sequences based on the multivariate process capability index. The methodology is illustrated using an industrial case study.
K-shell photoionization of beryllium.

The numerical multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock method is used to study in detail the photoionization of atomic beryllium near the 1{ital s} threshold. Electron correlation effects, which are found to be very important in the {ital K}-shell partial photoionization cross section, have been taken into account very accurately through the configuration-interaction procedure. The present results are compared with experimental measurements of the relative contributions of the three major ionization channels and are found to be in excellent agreement. The existence of the principal resonances reported by the experiment has been confirmed and assignments made to these contributions based on accurate energy calculations.
Minimising blood loss and transfusion in contemporary hip and knee arthroplasty

Despite advances in contemporary hip and knee arthroplasty, blood loss continues to be an issue. Though blood transfusion has long been used to treat post-operative anemia, the associated risks are well established. The objective of this article is to present two practical and effective approaches to minimising blood loss and transfusion rates in hip and knee arthroplasty: the use of antifibrinolytic medications such as tranexamic acid and the adoption of more conservative transfusion indications.
MEASUREMENT OF IN VIVO DNA BINDING BY SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS USING UV CROSS-LINKING

This paper describes an in vivo UV cross-linking protocol that is sensitive enough to detect DNA binding by sequence-specific transcription factors in Drosophila embryos and tissue culture cells. The strength of this approach is that it provides a quantitative measure of DNA binding in vivo with unambiguous identification of the factor involved in the binding. This assay often detects DNA binding properties of proteins that were not predicted from previous experiments, and it can be used to directly test diverse models of gene regulation in the context of a living organism.
Solar Energy Considerations With Respect to Protective Features of Polaroid HN24 Sunglass Lenses

(1969). Solar Energy Considerations With Respect to Protective Features of Polaroid HN24 Sunglass Lenses. Clinical and Experimental Optometry: Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 266-268.
Robust Secure Transmission in MISO Channels Based on Worst-Case Optimization

This paper studies robust transmission schemes for multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channels. Both the cases of direct transmission and cooperative jamming with a helper are investigated with imperfect channel state information (CSI) for the eavesdropper links. Robust transmit covariance matrices are obtained based on worst-case secrecy rate maximization, under both individual and global power constraints. For the case of an individual power constraint, we show that the nonconvex maximin optimization problem can be transformed into a quasi-convex problem that can be efficiently solved with existing methods. For a global power constraint, the joint optimization of the transmit covariance matrices and power allocation between the source and the helper is studied. We also investigate the robust wiretap transmission problem for the case with a quality-of-service constraint at the legitimate receiver. Numerical results show the advantage of the proposed robust design. In particular, for the global power constraint scenario, although cooperative jamming is not necessary for optimal transmission with perfect eavesdropper's CSI, we show that robust jamming support can increase the worst-case secrecy rate and lower the signal to interference-plus-noise ratio at the eavesdropper in the presence of channel mismatches between the transmitters and the eavesdropper.
Ion-Neutral Reaction-Rate Constants Measured in Flow Reactors through 1977

Abstract The rate constants of the ion-neutral reactions that have been studied with flowing-after-glow, flow-drift, and selected-ion flow tubes have been compiled. The data for both positive- and negative-ion reactions are included and are arranged for access by the reactant ion, reactant neutral, and product ion. Measured equilibrium constants, enthalpy and entropy changes, and product ratios are also given, where available. The internal consistency of this set of rate constants is shown to be remarkably good.
Phase transitions and electrical properties of As2Te3

Abstract This study identifies and characterizes the phase transitions induced thermally in bulk amorphous and crystalline As 2 Te 3 . In addition, it examines the nature and the electrical properties of the various As 2 Te 3 phases, and attempts to correlate the memory electrical switching exhibited by these materials with their phase transitions.
Infrared Measurements of Scattering and Electromagnetic Penetration through Apertures

An infrared detection technique is used to measure the electromagnetic fields near apertures of planar and cylindrical structures. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented and compared with theoretical solutions where applicable.
Exploring the genesis and functions of Human Accelerated Regions sheds light on their role in human evolution

Human accelerated regions (HARs) are DNA sequences that changed very little throughout mammalian evolution, but then experienced a burst of changes in humans since divergence from chimpanzees. This unexpected evolutionary signature is suggestive of deeply conserved function that was lost or changed on the human lineage. Since their discovery, the actual roles of HARs in human evolution have remained somewhat elusive, due to their being almost exclusively non-coding sequences with no annotation. Ongoing research is beginning to crack this problem by leveraging new genome sequences, functional genomics data, computational approaches, and genetic assays to reveal that many HARs are developmental gene regulatory elements and RNA genes, most of which evolved their uniquely human mutations through positive selection before divergence of archaic hominins and diversification of modern humans.
The Proliferation of Cyberwarfare Capabilities and Interstate War, Redux: Liff Responds to Junio

Timothy Junio's response to Thomas Rid's and my articles1 represents precisely the kind of progressive scholarship from which the nascent international relations/security studies literature on cybe...
Rescuing US biomedical research: Some comments on Alberts, Kirschner, Tilghman, and Varmus

Alberts, Kirschner, Tilghman, and Varmus (1) should be commended for initiating a discussion of important issues associated with the current crisis in the US biomedical enterprise. The authors provide an excellent description of the advances in scientific knowledge and human health that have accrued as a result of the long-standing public investment in biomedical research. Alberts et al. also correctly note that the opportunities for further advances, leading to further improvement in human well-being, have never been greater in our history. Finally, the authors clearly describe the pessimism that permeates the scientific community because many potentially important scientific opportunities cannot be pursued with the currently available resources.
Studies on the Aroma of Intact Hamlin Oranges

SUMMARY— Two approaches were used in a study of compounds contributing to the aroma of Hamlin oranges, which had been carefully handled to prevent release of peel‘oil. Volatile aromatic compounds emitted from the oranges on storage, and less volatile aroma compounds present on the cuticle of the fruit were isolated and analyzed. The volatile aroma of the stored oranges seemed to be contributed by ethyl esters, particularly ethyl butyrate, while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons appeared to be responsible for the persistent odor from the cuticle of fresh oranges. Volatile compounds definitely identified include ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethyl butyrate, limonene, ethyl caproate and ethyl caprylate. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons on the cuticle consisted chiefly of valencene, with lesser amounts of elemene, caryophyllene, farnesene, humulene and cadinene.
Remark on Y4 moments

Abstract Qualitative behavior of Y 4 moments arises from simple considerations of aligned wave functions.
Identical α-chain T-cell receptor transcripts are present on T cells infiltrating coronary arteries of human cardiac allografts with chronic rejection

Abstract Chronic cardiac allograft rejection is characterized by graft arteriopathy and is a major obstacle of graft survival. We investigated T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain transcripts of T cells infiltrating human epicardial coronary arteries from cardiac allografts with chronic rejection. The non-palindromic adaptor-polymerase chain reaction (NPA-PCR) was used to specifically amplify TCR α-chain transcripts from five explanted cardiac allografts with chronic rejection. The amplified products were cloned and sequenced to obtain the entire VαJα region. Immuno-histochemistry was used to identify the mononuclear cell infiltrates in the coronary arteries. All the five coronary artery specimens exhibited large populations of infiltrating mononuclear cells, which were primarily comprised of T cells and macrophages. In three specimens, high proportions (∼80%) of identical α-chain TCR transcripts were detected. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy individual, α-chain TCR transcripts were unique when compared to each other. Endomyocardial biopsies collected from one patient six months before the allograft was explanted, contained identical α-chain TCR transcripts to those found to be clonally expanded in the coronary arteries from this patient. These results indicate that T cells infiltrating the epicardial arteries of cardiac allografts with chronic rejection undergo proliferation and clonal expansion in response to a specific antigen, which very likely is an (allo)antigen(s).
Reactions to a dyadic power structure

In a dyad where power and counterpower were determined by the value of each party’s alternatives to the interaction, (a) subjects with a more valuable alternative liked their partner less ana were more likely to choose the alternative than were those with a less valuable alternative; (b) subjects with little power both gave a higher estimate of their outcome from the interaction and tended to use their power more punitively than did those with much power.
Antihypertensive Therapy in the Presence of Proteinuria

The presence of proteinuria is a well-known risk factor for both the progression of renal disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and decreases in urine protein excretion level were associated with a slower decrease in renal function and decrease in risk of cardiovascular events. Increased blood pressure has a major role in the development of proteinuria in patients with either diabetic or nondiabetic kidney disease, and all recent guidelines recommend a blood pressure goal less than 130/80 mm Hg in patients with proteinuria to achieve maximal renal and cardiovascular protection. Drugs interfering with the renin-angiotensin system, ie, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, should be used as first-line antihypertensive therapy in patients with proteinuria because they seem to have a blood pressure–independent antiproteinuric effect, and if blood pressure levels are still out of goal, a diuretic should be added to this regimen. A combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with an angiotensin receptor blocker or other classes of medications shown to decrease protein excretion, such as nondihydropyridine calcium antagonists or aldosterone receptor blockers, should be considered to decrease proteinuria further. This review provides an extended summary of current evidence regarding the associations of blood pressure with proteinuria, the rationale for currently recommended blood pressure goals, and the use of various classes of antihypertensive agents in proteinuric patients.
IRRAS Studies of the Host Defense Effect of Pulmonary Surfactants SP-A and SP-D

The pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D have been proven to play a role in host defense. SP-A binds phosphatidylcholine, galactosylceramide, and the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is found in Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. SP-D binds phosphatidylinositol, glucosylceramide and LPS. Although X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have provided atomic level information about SP-A and SP-D structures, molecular level information about their binding to biological ligands is lacking. IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) is used in the current work to study the properties of SP-A and SP-D at air/water interfaces and their interaction with biological ligands. The monolayer properties of recombinant rat neck + carbohydrate recognition domain (NCRD) SP-A and its point mutant D215A SP-A are compared. Both NCRD SP-A and D215A SP-A adsorb to the air/water interface, DPPC monolayers, and Lipid A monolayers, but D215A/PL SP-A displays higher affinity and greater stability. Measurements of surface pressure, Amide 1 intensity, and lipid acyl chain conformational ordering can help to elucidate the mechanism of interaction of SP-A and its ligands. Similar experiments have been carried out with SP-D.
In loco parentis in the United States 1765–1985

(1987). In loco parentis in the United States 1765–1985. The Journal of Legal History: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 260-274.
Effect of drugs on myocardial contractility in the intact dog and in experimental myocardial infarction

Abstract Drugs used in cardiogenic shock, namely, norepinephrine, norepinephrine plus phentolamine, metaraminol, isoproterenol and methoxainine, were experimentally evaluated by investigating their effects on myocardial forcevelocity relation in normal closed chest dogs. Further, the differential effects of these drugs on ischemic and nonischemic portions of the myocardium were appraised in open chest experiments in which acute myocardial infarction had been induced. The velocity of shortening of fibers was measured with the newly devised strain-gauge catheter assembly. These studies have shown that the desired increase in myocardial contractility and aortic pressure may best be accomplished by a combination of norepinephrine and phentolamine; the latter, in appropriate amounts, counteracts the excessive increase in peripheral resistance induced by norepinephrine. Isoproterenol, which augments contractility, may prove effective when peripheral resistance is adequate. Methoxamine, on the other hand, is least suited, since it has no effect on the myocardial contractile state and the increase in pressure load leads to a reciprocal decline in velocity of contraction and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Since most of these drugs act by increasing the velocity of contraction or by increasing afterload, or both, the effect of these variables oil myocardial oxygen demand is highly pertinent to the clinical use of these drugs. The action of these drugs in augmenting the magnitude of paradoxic systolic stretching of the fibers of the ischemic myocardium and the resulting increase in dissipation of ventricular pressure expended in producing such distention is regarded as an important factor working against the effectiveness of drug therapy.
The Cohomology in Degree 1 of the Group F4 in Characteristic 2 with Coefficients in a Simple Module

Abstract We compute the 1-cohomology with coefficients in a simple module for the simple algebraic group of type F 4 in characteristic 2.
Macro-level integrated renewable energy production schemes for sustainable development

The production of renewable clean energy is a prime necessity for the sustainable future existence of our planet. However, because of the resource-intensive nature, and other challenges associated with these new generation renewable energy sources, novel industrial frameworks need to be co-developed. Integrated renewable energy production schemes with foundations on resource sharing, carbon neutrality, energy-efficient design, source reduction, green processing plan, anthropogenic use of waste resources for the production green energy along with the production of raw material for allied food and chemical industries is imperative for the sustainable development of this sector especially in an emission-constrained future industrial scenario. To attain these objectives, the scope of hybrid renewable production systems and integrated renewable energy industrial ecology is briefly described. Further, the principles of Integrated Renewable Energy Park (IREP) approach, an example for macro-level energy production, and its benefits and global applications are also explored.
Angiotensin II-induced hypertension blunts thick ascending limb NO production by reducing NO synthase 3 expression and enhancing threonine 495 phosphorylation

Thick ascending limbs reabsorb 30% of the filtered NaCl load. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthase 3 (NOS3) inhibits NaCl transport by this segment. In contrast, chronic angiotensin II (ANG II...
Coevolution of specificity determinants in eukaryotic glutamyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases.

Abstract The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) enzyme, which pairs glutamine with tRNAGln for protein synthesis, evolved by gene duplication in early eukaryotes from a nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) that aminoacylates both tRNAGln and tRNAGlu with glutamate. This ancient GluRS also separately differentiated to exclude tRNAGln as a substrate, and the resulting discriminating GluRS and GlnRS further acquired additional protein domains assisting function in cis (the GlnRS N-terminal Yqey domain) or in trans (the Arc1p protein associating with GluRS). These added domains are absent in contemporary bacterial GlnRS and GluRS. Here, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymes as models, we find that the eukaryote-specific protein domains substantially influence amino acid binding, tRNA binding and aminoacylation efficiency, but they play no role in either specific nucleotide readout or discrimination against noncognate tRNA. Eukaryotic tRNAGln and tRNAGlu recognition determinants are found in equivalent positions and are mutually exclusive to a significant degree, with key nucleotides located adjacent to portions of the protein structure that differentiated during the evolution of archaeal nondiscriminating GluRS to GlnRS. These findings provide important corroboration for the evolutionary model and suggest that the added eukaryotic domains arose in response to distinctive selective pressures associated with the greater complexity of the eukaryotic translational apparatus. We also find that the affinity of GluRS for glutamate is significantly increased when Arc1p is not associated with the enzyme. This is consistent with the lower concentration of intracellular glutamate and the dissociation of the Arc1p:GluRS complex upon the diauxic shift to respiratory conditions.
Dynamic Behavior of Interfacial Water at the Silica Surface

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the dynamic properties of water at the silica−liquid interface at ambient temperature. Three different degrees of hydroxylation of a crystalline silica surface were used. To assess the water dynamic properties we calculated the residence probability and in-plane mean-square displacement as a function of distance from the surface. The data indicate that water molecules at the fully hydroxylated surface remain longer, on average, in the interfacial region than in the other cases. By assessing the dynamics of molecular dipole moment and hydrogen−hydrogen vector an anisotropic reorientation was discovered for interfacial water in contact with any of the surfaces considered. However, the features of the anisotropic reorientation observed for water molecules depend strongly on the relative orientation of interfacial water molecules and their interactions with surface hydroxyl groups. On the partially hydroxylated surface, where water molecules with hydrogen-...
EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT CACHING IN GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Hard discrete optimization problems using randomized methods such as genetic algorithms require large numbers of samples from the solution space. Each candidate sample/solution must be evaluated using the target fitness/energy function being optimized. Such fitness computations are a bottleneck in sampling methods such as genetic algorithms. We observe that the caching of partial results from these fitness computations can reduce this bottleneck. We provide a rigorous analysis of the run-times of GAs with and without caching. By representing fitness functions as classic Divide and Conquer algorithms, we provide a formal model to predict the efficiency of caching GAs vs. non-caching GAs. Finally, we explore the domain of protein folding with GAs and demonstrate that caching can significantly reduce expected run-times through both theoretical and extensive empirical analyses.
A direct hydrogen-1 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance cation solvation study of Al(ClO4)3, Ga(ClO4)3, In(ClO4)3, UO2(ClO4)2, and UO2(NO3)2 in water-acetone-dimethylsulfoxide and water-acetone-hexamethylphosphoramide mixtures

A competitive solvation study of Al(ClO4)3, Ga(ClO4)3, In(ClO4)3, UO2(ClO4)2, and UO2(NO3)2 in water-acetone-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and water-acetone-hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPT) mixtures has been carried out by direct H1 and P31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. At low temperature, proton and ligand exchange are slow enough in these systems to permit the observation of signals for bulk and coordinated molecules of water and the organic bases (DMSO and HMPT). Both DMSO and HMPT compete effectively with water for coordination sites in the Al3+, Ga3+, and In3+ systems, with steric effects dominating the HMPT results. Both Al3+ and In3+ are able to bind a maximum of two to three HMPT molecules, for example. In contrast, UO2+ is solvated selectively by the organic molecules to the allowed maximum of 4 molecules per cation. H1 and P31 NMR spectral results support the formation of only the mono-, tri-, and tetra-HMPT solvation complexes.
Computer structures: past, present and future (abstract)

Computer Design in the seventies will be delineated by a number of past ghosts and present spectres.
A Gβγ inhibitor reduces intimal hyperplasia in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts

Objective Approximately 50% of aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts are occluded 10 years after coronary revascularization surgery. Intimal hyperplasia, a critical component in saphenous vein graft failure, is defined by vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is mediated in part by βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (G βγ ) and downstream effectors such as mitogen-activated protein kinases. A peptide consisting of the carboxyl-terminus of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARKct) binds G βγ , thereby inhibiting G βγ signaling. Utilizing a recombinant adenovirus containing the coding sequence for the βARKct peptide (AdβARKct), this study investigates whether treatment of the vein graft with AdβARKct reduces intimal hyperplasia in a large animal model of aortocoronary saphenous vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Methods Twenty-seven dogs (27-32 kg) underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery using autologous saphenous vein. Vein grafts were treated with saline (n = 8), an empty adenovirus (n = 8), or AdβARKct (n = 8). A subset of dogs (n = 3) were sacrificed on postoperative day 7 and βARKct expression confirmed by Northern blotting. Results Arteriograms performed on postoperative day 90 confirmed that saphenous vein grafts were patent. At postoperative day 90, AdβARKct-treated grafts demonstrated reduced intimal area compared to empty virus and saline treated animals ( P Conclusion This study demonstrates that βARKct expression in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts reduces intimal hyperplasia and decreases vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro via inhibition of G βγ -mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Modulation of G βγ via βARKct may represent a novel therapy to reduce intimal hyperplasia and saphenous vein graft failure.
Methamphetamine synthesis via reductive alkylation hydrogenolysis of phenyl-2-propanone with N-benzylmethylamine

Abstract Methamphetamine was synthesized by reductive alkylation hydrogenolysis of phenyl-2-propanone with N -benzylmethylamine. The expected product N -benzylmethamphetamine, once formed, undergoes hydrogenolysis to methamphetamine and toluene. The progress of the reaction, the intermediates formed during the reaction, and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Writing about Music in Large Music Appreciation Classrooms Using Active Learning, Discipline-Specific Skills, and Peer Review

In today’s world of growing class size, increasing number of credit hours taught, and rising call for more on-line course offerings, instructors must develop creative solutions to common pedagogical issues. Unfortunately, writing assignments are often the first mode of assessment relinquished when one feels pressed for time to prepare, to teach, and to evaluate students. Not all college-level writing needs to be in the form of a research paper. Students are served equally well by learning how to think in new disciplinary contexts while using basic, universal writing skills of proper grammar, spelling, and organization in short assignments. This paper describes an active learning experience of general disciplinary skills and presents a model of how to write about music that concludes with an essay submission and peer review. My suggestions combine research on active learning strategies, the pedagogical method proposed by instructors in Decoding the Disciplines: Helping Students Learn Disciplinary Ways of Thinking , and Calibrated Peer Review TM , a web-based peer review program.
Configurations of low-contact services

Abstract This study uses a cluster analysis procedure to develop a classification model of low-contact services based on seven operations objectives. The effectiveness of the classification scheme is tested by demonstrating the link between the objectives, competitive priorities, and performance. This study also identifies eight underlying factors of competitive priorities in low-contact services. Furthermore, discriminant analysis on competitive priority dimensions shows that low-contact services consist of multiple groups and therefore should not be lumped into one group in any analysis scheme.
Cognitive remediation for neuropsychological impairment in hoarding disorder: A pilot study

The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to investigate whether an extended, standardized program of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CR; a behavioral intervention designed to improve cognitive function through repeated task practice and strategy acquisition) improves disordered attention and related cognitive functions in patients with hoarding disorder (HD) as compared to patients with HD assigned to a relaxation control condition. Seventeen participants with primary HD were randomized to receive 8 weeks and 24 sessions of either CR or relaxation control treatment, and blinded assessments of cognitive functioning and hoarding severity were conducted before and after treatment. Results revealed that cognitive remediation produced improvements in attention relative to the relaxation control condition; the two conditions did not differentially influence memory or executive functioning, or hoarding severity. Future research should confirm these findings in larger sample studies and investigate the utility of cognitive remediation for attentional impairment as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder.
The 5′ Leader of Plant PgiC has an Intron: The Leader Shows Both the Loss and Maintenance of Constraints Compared with Introns and Exons in the Coding Region

PgiC, a complex gene with 23 coding exons and 22 intervening introns, encodes the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) in higher plants. Here, we report RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends experiments that showed that PgiC in Clarkia (Onagraceae) and Arabidopsis thaliana has an intron in the 5' leader. Comparison of the EMBL accessions of the cDNA and genomic sequences showed that this is also the case in rice (Oryza sativa), suggesting that a leader intron is generally present in higher plant PgiC. The intron is bounded by consensus 5'-GT and AG-3' splice sites but showed alternative splicing in Clarkia, resulting in mature transcripts that differ by 8-19 nt in length. The intron is located 18 or 10 nt upstream of the start codon in Clarkia, 2 nt upstream in Arabidopsis, and 9 nt in rice. PgiC in Clarkia was duplicated before the divergence of the extant species, many of which have two expressed genes PgiC1 and PgiC2. Full-length transcripts of both genes identified the transcription start and made it possible to identify the leader intron and leader exon (between the transcription start and leader intron) from previously obtained genomic sequences of both genes in other Clarkia species. These data permit the comparison of evolution in the leader exon and intron with the exons and introns of the coding region, a topic that has not been studied previously. Both the leader exon and the leader intron resemble introns of the coding region in base substitution rate and accumulation of gaps. But the leader intron splice junctions are not strictly conserved in position as are those of the coding region introns. Also, in base composition, the leader intron resembles the other introns, whereas the leader exon more nearly resembles the coding exons. A difference in base composition between coding exons and flanking introns is known to be important for the recognition of splice sites. Thus, the marked difference in base composition between the leader exon and leader intron is probably maintained by selection despite a high rate of sequence divergence.
Ion-molecule reactions in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: implications for lightweight gas analysis

Abstract The novel application of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) to permanent gas analysis was recently presented by our laboratory. The quantitative performance of the QITMS equaled or surpassed that of other mass analyzers evaluated; however, concern was raised as to the impact of ion-molecule reactions observed within the ion trap. Hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and argon, four permanent gases currently monitored during Space Shuttle launch preparations by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, were examined in their reactions with common atmospheric and mass spectrometer background components. Rapid charge-exchange and protonation reactions occurred. Greater than 99.8% of hydrogen and 98% of helium ions trapped are lost during a scan cycle predominately through reactions with background nitrogen. The neutralization rate of argon ions varied with water concentration, while increased concentrations of all three gases inflated the oxygen ion signal intensity through charge-exchange. Although such dramatic effects challenge the analytical sensitivity and robustness of QITMS for permanent gas analysis, through proper understanding and control of relevant experimental conditions the QITMS can still function in monitoring applications.
The Situational Leadership Theory: A Critical View

Theoretical issues undermining the robustness of the situational leadership theory and the utility of its prescriptive model are discussed. More specifically, conceptual ambiguity associated with the mechanics of applying the concept of job-relevant maturity and other problems with the normative model are seen as seriously limiting its pragmatic utility. In addition, problems with the LEAD instrument are identified and discussed.
Do the underwriters efficiently set first-trade prices in IPOs?

While there is extensive literature documenting the discrepancy between IPO offer prices and their respective closing prices on the first day, few had examined the relationship between the offer, first-trade, and the first-day closing prices of IPOs. We examine the IPO trading return on the first day (opening price-to-closing price) to determine whether investment banks are efficient in setting the first-trade prices. We also examine when final offer price is set relative to when trading starts as a proxy for level of oversubscription. We find that open-to-close return is positive and significant. It is negatively related to the offer-to-open return, even after controlling for issue characteristics and market conditions. This is particularly prominent during the bubble period when laddering agreements were arguably widespread. These findings suggest the possibility of substitution between lower offer-to-open return for higher open-to-close return in the secondary market. We also find that high ranked underwriters are more conservative in setting of the first-trade price relative to the closing price in first-day trading. They tend to leave more return to the secondary market investors even after controlling for our measures of difficulty in setting the offer price. Overall, these results suggest that information learned in the book-building process is important in explaining the first trading day returns.