cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ordering temperatures in antiferromagnetic manganite superlattices

The disorder inherent to doping by cation substitution in the complex oxides can have profound effects on collective-ordered states. Here, we demonstrate that cation-site ordering achieved through digital-synthesis techniques can dramatically enhance the antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures of manganite films. Cation-ordered (LaMnO3)m/(SrMnO3)2m superlattices show Neel temperatures (TN) that are the highest of any La(1-x)Sr(x)MnO3 compound, approximately 70 K greater than compositionally equivalent randomly doped La(1/3)Sr(2/3)MnO3. The antiferromagnetic order is A-type, consisting of in-plane double-exchange-mediated ferromagnetic sheets coupled antiferromagnetically along the out-of-plane direction. Through synchrotron X-ray scattering, we have discovered an in-plane structural modulation that reduces the charge itinerancy and hence the ordering temperature within the ferromagnetic sheets, thereby limiting TN. This modulation is mitigated and driven to long wavelengths by cation ordering, enabling the higher TN values of the superlattices. These results provide insight into how cation-site ordering can enhance cooperative behaviour in oxides through subtle structural phenomena.
Cranial dysraphism mistaken for trephination.

Attention is called to a disputed diagnosis of trephination reported for a perforated skull of a prehistoric New England Indian. The perforation, surrounded by a saucer-like depression, is located exactly in the midline just in front of bregma. The finding of a similar lesion in a prehistoric Indian skull from the North Coast of Peru — where, as in New England, good evidence of the practice of trephination is lacking — provides support for a more reasonable diagnosis for both cases: congenital cranial dysraphism, specifically encephalocele. Information about dysraphic states from modern clinical experience is summarized.
An approach to VLSI circuit reliability optimization considering the hot electron effects

An approach to suppressing the degradation caused by hot electron effects is proposed in which releasing the stress of critical transistors by optimal parametric design is presented, and design-of-experiment techniques are used to improve its efficiency. An application to a VLSI sense amplifier is presented, in which a significant reduction in the hot electron induced delay shift is achieved. For the specific circuit considered, the proposed approach has led to a simpler practical method of VLSI circuit reliability improvement considering hot electron effects, in comparison with the generalized formulation of drift reliability optimization presented by M.A. Styblinski and M. Huang (1991). >
Improvements on Flame Retardant Properties of PET/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Caused by Polyborosiloxane

A phenyl-containing highly cross linked polyborosiloxane (PBSiO) was synthesized as a flame retardant for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We coated montmorillonite (MMT) clay, a very high aspect ratio and high specific surface area layered silicate with synthesized PBSiO to introduce synergism in flame retardation to the PET nanocomposite film that retained thermal and mechanical properties. This PBSiO has high thermal stability at the processing temperature (270-285° C) of PET and acts as a compatibilizer between PET and clay that are otherwise incompatible. During burning, the flame retardant PET containing PBSiO and MMT forms a protective borosilicatecarbonaceous intumescent char on the surface. Cone calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate key fire properties of the PET/PBSiO/MMT. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PET that contains 5 wt% PBSiO and 2.5 wt% MMT was reduced by 60% and similar trend in the reduction of mass loss rate of the nanocomposite was observed.
Understanding the Star Formation Process in the Filamentary Dark Cloud GF 9: Near-Infrared Observations

We have performed a near-infrared JHK survey of a dense core and a diffuse filament region within the filamentary dark cloud GF 9 (LDN 1082). The core region is associated with the IRAS point source PSC 20503+6006 and is suspected of being a site of star formation. The diffuse filament region has no associated IRAS point sources and is likely quiescent. We find that neither the core nor the filament region appears to contain a Class I or Class II young stellar object. As traced by the dust extinction, the core and filament regions contain 26 and 22 solar mass, respectively, with an average H2 volume density for both regions of approximately 2500/cu cm. The core region contains a centrally condensed extinction maximum with a peak extinction of A(sub v) greater than or approximately equal to 10 mag that appears to be associated with the IRAS point source. The average H2 volume density of the extinction core is approximately 8000/cu cm. The dust within the filament, however, shows no sign of a central condensation and is consistent with a uniform-density cylindrical distribution.
Territoriality and fighting in a colonial thrips, Hoplothrips pedicularius, and sexual dimorphism in Thysanoptera

. 1 Hoplothrips pedicularius (Haliday) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a tubuliferan thrips in which males possess greatly enlarged forelegs, lives in colonies on Stereum fungus. 2 Females oviposit onto communal egg masses, and males fight by grasping and stabbing with their forelegs in territorial defence of oviposition areas. Prolonged escalated fights occur between males who are of similar size. 3 Larger males usually win fights and become dominant at the oviposition area. Dominant males secure 80% of matings, and mate most frequently during oviposition periods, with an ovipositing female. 4 Smaller, subordinate males avoid fights and attempt to 'sneak’copulations. However, they occasionally challenge the dominant male. Challenges tend to follow copulations by the subordinate male and occur more frequently between males who are of similar size. 5 Subordinate males who eventually leave the oviposition area are larger than those who remain, have frequently challenged the dominant male, and have more frequently been stabbed. 6 Sexual dimorphism in thrips is associated with gregariousness, claustral habitats, female-biased sex ratios, and male winglessness. In thrips genera in which males exhibit foreleg armature, males are larger relative to females. The ecological circumstances promoting sexual dimorphism and male fighting in spatially-structured populations are discussed.
Data management research at the MITRE Corporation

The MITRE Corporation provides technical assistance, system engineering, and acquisition support to large organizations, especially U.S. Government agencies. We help our customers to plan complex systems based on emerging technologies, and to implement systems based on commercial-off-the-shelf products. In MITRE's research program, instead of emphasizing concerns of DBMS or CASE vendors, our research emphasizes the issues of organizations who need to use such products. For example, we favor areas where we can build over commercial products, rather than changing their internals.Data management at MITRE goes beyond research, to include technology transition, system engineering, product evaluation, prototypes, tutorials, advice on customers' strategic directions, and participation in standards efforts. We use prototyping to illustrate potential improvements in customer systems, to understand vendors' capabilities, or both. There are close connections with efforts in object management, real-time systems, reengineering, artificial intelligence, and security.This paper emphasizes the research efforts, grouped into five major themes: information integration, security and privacy, active and responsive systems, metrics, and digital libraries. For each theme, we list the major questions being explored, and identify projects and contacts for further information.
Language of the Aging Brain: Event-Related Potential Studies of Comprehension in Older Adults

Normal aging brings increased richness in knowledge and experience as well as declines in cognitive abilities. Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of language comprehension corroborate findings showing that the structure and organization of semantic knowledge remains relatively stable with age. Highlighting the advantages of the temporal and functional specificity of ERPs, this survey focuses on age-related changes in higher-level processes required for the successful comprehension of meaning representations built from multiple words. Older adults rely on different neural pathways and cognitive processes during normal, everyday comprehension, including a shift away from the predictive use of sentential context, differential recruitment of neural resources, and reduced engagement of controlled processing. Within age groups, however, there are important individual differences that, for example, differentiate a subset of older adults whose processing patterns more closely resemble that of young adults, providing a window into cognitive skills and abilities that may mediate or moderate age-related declines.
Clinical Presentation and Management of Pseudomonas Osteomyelitis

To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis in children, the records of 144 hospitalized patients under 19 years of age were reviewed; 104 fulfilled the study criteria for the diagnosis of acute or chronic osteonxyelitis. Pseudomonasaeruginosa was recovered from 10.6 percent of the children and was the second most common pathogen isolated. In comparison to children with staphylococcal infections, patients with pseudomonal osteomyelitis were significantly older, gave an antecedent history of penetrating trauma, and lacked clinical and laboratory evidence of systemic illness. The data collected in this study suggest that osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a distinct entity with clinical features differing from those of Staphylococcus aureus. Management should be directed at adequate surgical debridement followed by 10 to 21 days of antimicrobial therapy.
E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller (eds.): Antelopes, deer and relatives: fossil record, behavioral ecology, systematics, and conservation

(2001). E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller (eds.): Antelopes, deer and relatives: fossil record, behavioral ecology, systematics, and conservation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 787-787.
Television, Gender, and Labor in the Global City

Situated within a critical, feminist approach to development communication, this study examines the role of television advertising among unskilled female factory laborers in Bangalore, India. Ethnographic fieldwork spanning the summers of 1997 and 2000 showed that factory labor awards the female worker a degree of autonomy and purchasing power in the short term, but denies her long-term empowerment because her labor is fragmented and made dispensable by the very nature of capitalist discipline. Through a discussion of gender, labor, and television in the global city, the analysis concludes that participatory communication and further ethnographic analyses are essential for long-lasting policy and social action.
A Qualitative Study of Families and Children Possessing Diagnoses of ADHD

This phenomenological research study replicates R. Segal's (1998) study of 17 Canadian families. The authors interview 17 American families participating in the national support group Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder, focusing on the challenges they face in rearing children diagnosed with ADHD. Three particular themes emerge. First, the parents appear to be attuned to their children's needs and report being proactive in making adaptations and interventions when needed to accomplish family objectives. Second, the results are generally congruent with those reported by Segal. In both cases, mornings and afternoons are vulnerable times for the families. Segal found mornings most difficult, however, whereas families in this study relate homework periods in the afternoons to be most challenging. Third, parental strategies are salient for successfully rearing children with ADHD. The families emphasize the constructs of routine and structure as being paramount to navigating daily life successfully.
Editorial: Wie Hochschulforscher beurteilen?

Auf einer Reise nach China und Indien konnte ich vor kurzemmit vielen jungen Wissenschaftlern ber die Erwartungen sprechen, denen sie gen gen m ssen, um beruflich erfolgreich zu sein. Viele waren der Meinung, dass f r den Erfolg bibliometrische Grcsen wie der HirschIndex und die Zahl an Zitaten, die ihre Vercffentlichungen erreichen, entscheidend sind. Ich bin berzeugt, dass bibliometrische Grcsen n tzlich sind, aber ich bin entsetzt ber ihr zu vieles und falsches Verwenden. Diese Diskussionen motivierten mich zu erl utern, nach welchen Kriterien im Chemiedepartement der Stanford University, das ich sechs Jahre leitete, Professuren besetzt werden. Ich will damit nicht sagen, dass jeder unser Verfahren bernehmen soll, das nat rlich den Rahmenbedingungen in den USA angepasst ist, aber eine genaue Analyse unserer Kriterien kann eine grose Hilfe sein. Ich bin mir der Probleme des amerikanischen Systems bewusst, ebenso wie der Arroganz Fremder, wenn sie nicht sensibel f r die Kultur und Lebensweise eines Landes sind. Dennoch mcchte ich ein paar Ratschl ge geben.
Hindsight, insight, and foresight: a multi-level structural variation approach to the study of a scientific field

In this article we introduce a multi-level structural variation approach to the study of a scientific field. The approach is motivated by an explanatory and computational theory of transformative discovery and novel structural variation metrics derived from the theory. We integrate the theoretical framework with a visual analytic process that enables an analyst to study the literature of a scientific field across multiple levels of aggregation and decomposition, including the field as a whole, specialties, topics and predicates. We demonstrate the use of this approach through a study of regenerative medicine.
Young Disadvantaged Men as Fathers

This article reviews the existing literature on young disadvantaged fathers' involvement with children. It first outlines the predominant theoretical perspectives regarding father involvement among resident (married and cohabiting) biological fathers, resident social fathers (unrelated romantic partners of children's mothers), and nonresident biological fathers. Second, it presents a brief discussion of the ways in which fathers contribute to childrearing. Third, it describes the socioeconomic characteristics of men who enter fatherhood at a young age, highlighting that they tend to be socioeconomically disadvantaged. Fourth, it reviews the empirical research on both antecedents of father involvement and patterns of involvement across father types. Finally, it describes the limitations of existing research and provides suggestions for future research and policy.
Efficiently handling feature redundancy in high-dimensional data

High-dimensional data poses a severe challenge for data mining. Feature selection is a frequently used technique in pre-processing high-dimensional data for successful data mining. Traditionally, feature selection is focused on removing irrelevant features. However, for high-dimensional data, removing redundant features is equally critical. In this paper, we provide a study of feature redundancy in high-dimensional data and propose a novel correlation-based approach to feature selection within the filter model. The extensive empirical study using real-world data shows that the proposed approach is efficient and effective in removing redundant and irrelevant features.
Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Reveals a Role for pO157 Genes in Biofilm Development in Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, a world-wide human food-borne pathogen, causes mild to severe diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The ability of this pathogen to persist in the environment contributes to its dissemination to a wide range of foods and food processing surfaces. Biofilms are thought to be involved in persistence, but the process of biofilm formation is complex and poorly understood in E. coli O157:H7. To better understand the genetics of this process, a mini-Tn5 transposon insertion library was constructed in strain EDL933 and screened for biofilm-negative mutants using a microtiter plate assay. Ninety-five of 11,000 independent insertions (0.86%) were biofilm negative, and transposon insertions were located in 51 distinct genes/intergenic regions that must be involved either directly or indirectly in biofilm formation. All of the 51 biofilm-negative mutants showed reduced biofilm formation on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Thirty-six genes were unique to this study, including genes on the virulence plasmid pO157. The type V secreted autotransporter serine protease EspP and the enterohemolysin translocator EhxD were found to be directly involved in biofilm formation. In addition, EhxD and EspP were also important for adherence to T84 intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting a role for these genes in tissue interactions in vivo.
The Effect of Growth Hormone on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Secretion in Man

Pharmacological doses of GH are known to impair glucose tolerance. In the present study we have employed the euglycemic insulin and hyperglycemic clamp techniques to examine the effect of physiological elevations in plasma GH concentrations (27 ± 2 ng/ml) on the tissue responses to insulin and on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Three types of studies (low dose insulin clamp, high dose insulin clamp, and hyperglycemic clamp) were performed in young healthy volunteers before and after the infusion of GH (2 μg/kg-h) for 2 and 12 h. In the low dose insulin clamp studies, the plasma insulin concentration was acutely raised and was maintained at 59 ±4 μU/ml, while plasma glucose was maintained at basal levels. After 2 h of GH infusion, insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was slightly, although not significantly, decreased (4.48 ± 0.56 vs. 5.04 ± 0.39 mg/kg-min) in the control study. After 12 h of GH infusion, however, insulin-mediated glucose uptake decreased by 32 ± 9% (3.36 ± 0.40 mg/kg-min; P < 0.01). ...
Buddhist Styles of Mindfulness: A Heuristic Approach

Over the last several years, various authors have examined contemporary conceptions of mindfulness in relation to Buddhist notions. Some authors maintain that contemporary approaches to mindfulness deviate significantly from the authentic Buddhist approach, while others see more alignment between contemporary approaches and some t\ styles of practice. The differing opinions in this regard can be confusing, and the aim of this chapter is to lessen that confusion by offering an overview of key Buddhist approaches to mindfulness in a manner that enables researchers to make appropriate use of Buddhist sources. In particular, this chapter presents heuristic categories that sort Buddhist theories and practices into two distinct styles, the “Classical” and the “Nondual,” and compares them to contemporary approaches to mindfulness, especially in relation to three crucial aspects of formal practice: ethics, judgment, and present-centered awareness.
Eyebobs Eyewear, Inc

This case could be used in entrepreneurship and managing a small business courses. It describes how an entrepreneur grows her innovative idea into a successful business while managing the risks, the pace, the financing, the channels of distribution, the quality of manufacturing, and the customer concentration associated with it. The case shows how a business grown at a slower-than-usual pace was able to survive the risks.
Tests of universality in AdS/QCD models

Estimates of the light hadron masses, decay constants, and couplings in AdS/QCD models are generally more accurate than should have been expected. Certain predictions based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, such as the ratio of the equilibrium viscosity to entropy density, are universal and therefore provide firm experimental tests of these models. Other observables, while not completely universal, may be relatively insensitive to model details. We calculate the dependence of a number of low-energy hadronic observables on details of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model. In particular, we vary the infrared boundary conditions, the 5D gauge coupling, and the mass of the field responsible for chiral symmetry breaking, while holding fixed a small number of observables. We also find a generalized Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation which helps to justify the identification of model parameters with the product of the physical quark mass and chiral condensate as per the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Lesion-Specific Factors Contributing to Inhospital Costs in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) in the United States is growing rapidly with concomitant increases in care costs. We sought to define the variables having the greatest influence on annual cost of inpatient care in patients with ACHD in the United States. To do so, we conducted a retrospective analysis of admissions in patients >18 years old with a 3-digit International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision , code of 745 to 747 from the State Inpatient Databases of Arkansas (2008 to 2010), California (2003 to 2012), Florida (2005 to 2012), Hawaii (2006 to 2010), Nebraska (2003 to 2011), and New York (2005 to 2012). We selected variables we believed would have the greatest effect on care costs and built a series of multivariable regression models grouping patients by congenital lesion to examine the relative contribution of the specified variables to total annual inpatient cost. We analyzed a total of 68,314 patients aged 57 ± 18.6 years, 51% of whom were women. The multivariable regression model had an overall R 2 of 0.35. Readmission was responsible for 10.3% of annual inpatient cost among all patients with ACHD and had the greatest effect on inpatient care cost for each congenital lesion except Eisenmenger syndrome and conotruncal abnormalities, for both of which it was the second most significant contributor. Other major contributors to annual inpatient care costs included length of stay and operative procedures. In conclusion, rehospitalization is the most significant contributor to annual inpatient cost for individual patients with ACHD in the United States, regardless of underlying anatomy.
Parasitism of Four Species of Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) by Anaphes ovijentatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and an Evaluation of Other Possible Hosts

Eggs of the four species of Lygus that are important agricultural pests in the United States— L. hesperus Knight, L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and L. desertinus Knight—were all heavily parasitized by the mymarid Anaphes ovijentatus (Crosby and Leonard). Under laboratory conditions L. desertinus was the most suitable host, whereas L. elisus was the least suitable. Eggs of Nabis spp. were seldom parasitized, nor were those of the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say). Two mirids collected from weeds in southern Arizona, Polymerus basalis (Reuter) and Taedia marmoratus (Uhler), were added to the host list. The predaceous mirid, Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler), was parasitized in the laboratory, and thus is a potential host in the field.
Thinking of You: Vernacular Affordance in the Context of the Microsocial Relationship App, Couple:

The concept of “affordance” stakes out a middle ground between social constructivism and technological determinism, seeking to account for how material qualities of technologies constrain or invite practices while also accommodating emergent meanings. Yet we know little about how people themselves understand affordances in their encounters with technology. This article treats vernacular accounts of material structure and practice as clues to the ways that people understand and negotiate technology in their everyday lives. We studied the experiences of romantic partners who use Couple, a relationship app touted as a “social network of two,” and part of an emerging class of “microsocial” platforms. Partners who use Couple have limited knowledge of how others use the app, which offered us a unique lens for witnessing how people make sense of the relationship between practice and material structure. We conducted qualitative interviews with romantic pairs who use Couple, attending to how interviewees conceived...
A survey of Vibrio vulnificus contamination in oysters from Beibu Gulf of Guangxi

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and contamination level of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters produced from Beibu Gulf of Guangxi.Methods:The isolates of V.vulnificus were obtained by inoculation onto cellobiose-colistin(CC) Agar following enrichment in alkaline peptone water containing 3% NaCl.The suspect isolates were further identified by biochemical tests and PCR assay.The contamination level of V.vulnificus was determined by the most-probable-number(MPN) method.Results:The organism was detected from oysters at a rate of 32.50%(13/40),with an average concentration 75.06 MPN/g.67.50%(27/40) of the oyster samples had MPN values below the detection limit of 3 MPN/g.The contamination of V.vulnificus exhibited a seasonal variation.Conclusion:Monitoring the contamination of oysters with V.vulnificus should be enhanced in the region,particularly during summer and winter months.
Teaching Machines and Spelling

ing small increments to learning by operant conditioning (5). He is sure that having the subject compose his response is important if this learning is to be most efficient. This approach represents a form of S-R connectionism in background and orientation.' Crowder takes larger bites of the material to be learned (1,2). His programs work better when that material can lead plausibly to wrong answers. The mis-
Temporal Foraging Patterns of Nonnative Coqui Frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaii

Abstract The Puerto Rican Coqui Frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) is a nocturnal, invasive species that was introduced into Hawaii in the 1980s. Because they reach extremely high densities (up to 90,000 frogs/ha), they have the potential to affect invertebrate prey communities. Previously, researchers used frogs collected only at night to characterize their prey. Because Coquis use retreat sites near the forest floor during the day and understory perch sites at night, frogs collected at night might show different amounts and types of prey than would frogs collected in the morning. We analyzed stomach contents of 435 frogs collected in the morning (0300–0600 h) and at night (1900–2200 h) from five sites on the island of Hawaii. Frogs collected in the morning had 1.7 times more prey items and 2.1 times greater prey volume than those collected at night; however, prey composition did not differ between morning- and evening-collected frogs. Across sites, Formicidae (ants) and Amphipoda (amphipods) were the domina...
Fluid and electrolyte balance.

(1) The facts and figures of normal fluid and electrolyte balance are discussed. Routes of natural losses are mentioned. (2) The syndromes produced by fluid or electrolyte imbalance are discussed. (3) Calorie and protein requirements are briefly mentioned. (4) The important changes brought about by post-operative stress on daily requirements are noted. (5) Three types of cases are mentioned, with a rough guide to their correction. (6) Mention is made of daily requirements in children. (7) The use of invert sugar and 5 per cent alcohol in surgery is a great step forward in replacing electrolytes and supplying a higher number of calories than in many of the older types of solution. (8) A table of the most common solutions available to us is included at the end of the article.
Natural Products as Mechanism-based Anticancer Agents: Sp Transcription Factors as Targets

Naturally occurring anticancer agents and their derivatives act on multiple pathways to inhibit carcinogenesis and their inhibition of migration, invasion, growth, survival, and metastasis is associated with downregulation of genes associated with these responses. Several phytochemical-derived anticancer drugs including curcumin, betulinic acid, phenethylisothiocyanate and celastrol, and many others induce reactive oxygen species, and their effects on gene regulation show some overlap in various cancer cell lines. We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species-inducing anticancer agents and many other natural products target a common pathway in cancer cells, which initially involves downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in tumors/cell lines derived from solid tumors. This hypothesis is supported by several published reports showing that a large number of phytochemical-derived anticancer agents downregulate Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes involved in cell growth (cyclin D1 and growth factor receptors), survival (bcl-2 and survivin), angiogenesis and migration (MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors), and inflammation (NF-kB). The contribution of this pathway to the anticancer activity of drugs such as curcumin, celastrol, betulinic acid, and phenethylisothiocyanate must be determined in order to optimize clinical applications of drug combinations containing these compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Realistic Crowds via Motion Capture and Cell Marking

Ever since the first use of crowds in films and video games there has been an interest in larger, more efficient and more realistic simulations of crowds. Most crowd simulation algorithms are able to satisfy the viewer from a distance but when inspected from close up the flaws in the individual agent’s movements become noticeable. One of the bigger challenges faced in crowd simulation is finding a solution that models the actual movement of an individual in a crowd. This paper simulates a more realistic crowd by using individual motion capture data as well as traditional crowd control techniques. By augmenting traditional crowd control algorithms with the use of motion capture data for individual agents, we can simulate crowds that mimic more realistic crowd motion, while maintaining real-time simulation speed.
Review of The Carbon Farming Solution: A Global Toolkit of Perennial Crops and Regenerative Agriculture Practices for Climate Change Mitigation and Food Security

In his introduction to this groundbreaking and detailed book, the author describes carbon farming as “a suite of crops and agricultural practices that sequester carbon in the soil. If widely implem...
What's Wrong with this Picture? Image-Ethics in Christian Petzold's Films

Through an analysis of Christian Petzold's films, this essay argues that there is an ethical dimension to images. The cinema of Christian Petzold is an important instance of the ethical function of images because it constantly negotiates and renegotiates the ethical intelligibility of the image and the ethical claims that images make on us. The essay's argument is developed in three stages: first, it outlines the theoretical concept of an image-ethics of dilemma, centering on the essential ambiguity of images; second, it briefly considers the function of particular multistable images in Petzold's cinema and their role in ordering representation in his films; and, finally, it offers a close analysis of Petzold's recent film Barbara (2012).
The Economic Dimensions of Globalization

This chapter analyzes shifts in the world economy since the 2008–09 downturn and their repercussions for advanced industrialized countries and developing/emerging markets. Time series data indicate that the global economic position of emerging markets significantly strengthened during the post-recession period. This development signals an enduring transformation of relations between developed countries and emerging markets, with major implications for global economic governance.
The Cost and Threshold Analysis of Retention in Care (RiC): A Multi-Site National HIV Care Program

Persons diagnosed with HIV but not retained in HIV medical care accounted for the majority of HIV transmissions in 2009 in the United States (US). There is an urgent need to implement and disseminate HIV retention in care programs; however little is known about the costs associated with implementing retention in care programs. We assessed the costs and cost-saving thresholds for seven Retention in Care (RiC) programs implemented in the US using standard methods recommended by the US Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Data were gathered from accounting and program implementation records, entered into a standardized RiC economic analysis spreadsheet, and standardized to a 12 month time frame. Total program costs for from the societal perspective ranged from $47,919 to $423,913 per year or $146 to $2,752 per participant. Cost-saving thresholds ranged from 0.13 HIV transmissions averted to 1.18 HIV transmission averted per year. We estimated that these cost-saving thresholds could be achieved through 1 to 16 additional person-years of viral suppression. Across a range of program models, retention in care interventions had highly achievable cost-saving thresholds, suggesting that retention in care programs are a judicious use of resources.
Mind the output gap: the disconnect of growth and inflation during recessions and convex Phillips curves in the euro area

This work has benefited from useful discussions with Elena Bobeica, Ines Cabral, Matteo Cicarelli, Vitor Constâncio, Marek Jarocinski, Michele Lenza, Carlos Montes‐Galdon, Dieter Nautz, and Chiara Osbat. The work presented in this paper has served as an input to a speech held by the European Central Bank's (ECB's) former Vice President, Vitor Constancio, at the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in August 2015: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2015/html/sp150829.en.html. This paper should not be reported as representing the views of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the European Central Bank (ECB). The views are those of the authors.
Histone H2B monoubiquitination regulates salt stress‐induced microtubule depolymerization in Arabidopsis

Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is recognized as a regulatory mechanism that controls a range of cellular processes. We previously showed that H2Bub1 was involved in responses to biotic stress in Arabidopsis. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of H2Bub1 in controlling responses to abiotic stress remain limited. Here, we report that HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) and HUB2 played important regulatory roles in response to salt stress. Phenotypic analysis revealed that H2Bub1 mutants confer decreased tolerance to salt stress. Further analysis showed that H2Bub1 regulated the depolymerization of microtubules (MTs), the expression of PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE1 (PTP1) and MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE (MKP) genes - DsPTP1, MKP1, IBR5, PHS1, and was required for the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (MAP kinase3, MPK3) and MPK6 in response to salt stress. Moreover, both tyrosine phosphorylation and the activation of MPK3 and MPK6 affected MT stability in salt stress response. Thus, the results indicate that H2Bub1 regulates salt stress-induced MT depolymerization, and the PTP-MPK3/6 signalling module is responsible for integrating signalling pathways that regulate MT stability, which is critical for plant salt stress tolerance.
A New Spectral Feature on the Trailing Hemisphere of Europa at 3.78 μm

We present hemispherically resolved spectra of the surface of Europa from ~3.1–4.13 µm, which we obtained using the near-infrared spectrometer NIRSPEC on the Keck II telescope. These include the first high-quality L-band spectra of the surface to extend beyond 4 µm. In our data, we identify a previously unseen spectral feature at 3.78 µm on the trailing hemisphere. The longitudinal distribution of the feature is consistent with that of a radiolytic product created by electron or Iogenic ion bombardment. This feature is coincident with an absorption feature of SO_2 frost seen in both laboratory spectra and spectra of Io. However, the corresponding, typically stronger 4.07 µm feature of SO_2 frost is absent from our data. This result is contrary to the suggested detection of SO_2 at 4.05 µm in Galileo NIMS data of the trailing hemisphere, which was severely affected by radiation noise. We use simple spectral modeling to argue that the 3.78 µm feature is not easily explained by the presence of SO_2 frost on the surface. We explore alternative explanations and discuss other potential candidate species.
Mast Cell Leukemia: Review of a Rare Disease and Case Report of Prolonged Survival after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

Abstract Mast cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive form of mastocytosis characterized by >20% mast cells found in the bone marrow aspirates of patients with signs of systemic mastocytosis-related organ damage. The prognosis for patients with mast cell leukemia is extremely poor, with resistance to both cytoreductive therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors being relatively common. While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been associated with long-term survival in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis, reports regarding its effectiveness in mast cell leukemia are limited to fewer than 20 cases described in the literature. Here, we report a patient with mast cell leukemia who remains in complete remission 24 months after allogeneic HSCT at the time of this writing, and briefly review the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to this rare disease.
Thiol Reactivity toward Atomic Oxygen Generated during the Photodeoxygenation of Dibenzothiophene S-Oxide.

Aromatic heterocyclic oxides, such as dibenzothiophene S-oxide (DBTO), have been suggested to release ground state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] upon irradiation, and as such, they have been used to create a condensed phase reactivity profile for O(3P). However, thiols, which are highly reactive with O(3P) in the gas phase, were not previously investigated. An earlier study of O(3P) with proteins in solution indicated a preference for thiols. A further investigation of the apparent thiophilicity provided the subject for this study. DBTO was employed as a putative O(3P)-precursor. However, the effective rate of O(3P) formation was found to be dependent on reactant concentrations in certain cases. All reactants were found to increase the rate of deoxygenation to some extent, but in the presence of reactants containing an alcohol linked to a reactive functional group, deoxygenation occurred substantially more rapidly. The rate enhancement was quantified and attributed to the reaction of activated O atom within the s...
Myotonic dystrophy patient preferences in patient-reported outcome measures.

Introduction When preparing for clinical trials in myotonic dystrophy type-1 (DM1), it is important that researchers develop and identify patient-reported outcome measures with good measurement properties. Methods Fifty-two DM1 patients enrolled in 2 clinical studies completed the Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index (MDHI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (version 2; SF-36v2), Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life questionnaire (INQoL), and a questionnaire comparing the relevance, usability, overall preference, and perceived responsiveness of each measure. The associations between instrument scores and physical function, genetic test results, and employment status were examined. Results The MDHI was preferred over the INQoL in 13 of 13 areas and was preferred over the SF-36v2 in 9 of 13 areas. The MDHI was the only score that was associated with participant employment status, CTG repeat length, and the 3 measurements of clinical function. Discussion The MDHI correlates well with physical function and is viewed favorably by participants in DM1 clinical studies. Muscle Nerve, 2018.
Static Evaluation of Noninterference Using Approximate Model Counting

Noninterference is a definition of security for secret values provided to a procedure, which informally is met when attacker-observable outputs are insensitive to the value of the secret inputs or, in other words, the secret inputs do not "interfere" with those outputs. This paper describes a static analysis method to measure interference in software. In this approach, interference is assessed using the extent to which different secret inputs are consistent with different attacker-controlled inputs and attacker-observable outputs, which can be measured using a technique called model counting. Leveraging this insight, we develop a flexible interference assessment technique for which the assessment accuracy quantifiably grows with the computational effort invested in the analysis. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique through application to several case studies, including leakage of: search-engine queries through auto-complete response sizes; secrets subjected to compression together with attacker-controlled inputs; and TCP sequence numbers from shared counters.
Matrix Size and the Field of View

In this chapter, we will examine the effect of matrix size and field of view on the quality of the image. Many of the basic ideas here are applicable to other imaging modalities, such as CT scanning.
Key issues in transforming health care organizations for quality: the case of advanced access.

Article-at-a-Glance Background The 2001 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report highlighted the need for transformation of the U.S. health care system. This rigorous qualitative evaluation of transformational change for patient access in one large multispecialty group practice identifies the major issues facing organizations addressing the IOM challenge. Methods Semistructured depth interviews were conducted with the medical and administrative leaders at all levels, physicians, and nurses from 17 primary care clinics in one integrated medical group two years after they began to transform their approach to primary care patient appointment access. Results The mean time to third-next-available appointment was reduced by 76% during one year, from 17.8 days to 4.2 days. Nine important issues related to the change process were identified from clinic interviews. When combined with issues identified by central leaders, 13 themes stood out as lessons in transformational change. A major issue is the tension between physician autonomy and both effective organizational function and putting patients first. Physician autonomy is also diminished by the need to standardize and systematize care. Conclusions Transformational change in care delivery is possible in large and complex group practices. Changes that directly affect care delivery and physician autonomy present particular challenges to physicians that need to be attended to if the changes are to be successful.
Lessons of Community Partnership in International Development

When it comes to international development, and more specifically rural development, effective partnership is of the utmost importance. The procedure for effective partnership should be streamlined, and should be aimed at involving and engaging the community partnership regardless of what service is being provided. From recent projects in various countries in Engineers Without Borders, I have compiled a series of vital lessons relating to developing and maintaining effective partnership with our most important stakeholders - the community in question. First, the community must have trust and a direct stake in the project’s success to ensure longevity. Second, the scope ought to be carefully set via a rigorous baseline study and managed through effective communication. Finally, an effective communication strategy must be constructed that adequately manages the community’s technological limitations, and cultural and language barriers.
A small molecule regulator of tissue transglutaminase conformation inhibits the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.

// William P. Katt 1 , Nicolas J. Blobel 1 , Svetlana Komarova 2 , Marc A. Antonyak 1 , Ichiro Nakano 2 and Richard A. Cerione 1, 3 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA 2 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 3 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Correspondence to: Richard A. Cerione, email: rac1@cornell.edu Keywords: transglutaminase; glioblastoma; signaling; glioma stem cells; cancer Received: July 25, 2018 Accepted: September 15, 2018 Published: September 28, 2018 ABSTRACT The protein crosslinking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an acyltransferase which catalyzes transamidation reactions between two proteins, or between a protein and a polyamine. It is frequently overexpressed in several different types of human cancer cells, where it has been shown to contribute to their growth, survival, and invasiveness. tTG is capable of adopting two distinct conformational states: a protein crosslinking active (“open”) state, and a GTP-bound, crosslinking inactive (“closed”) state. We have previously shown that the ectopic expression of mutant forms of tTG, which constitutively adopt the open conformation, are toxic to cells. This raises the possibility that strategies directed toward causing tTG to maintain an open state could potentially provide a therapeutic benefit for cancers in which tTG is highly expressed. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule, TTGM 5826, which stabilizes the open conformation of tTG. Treatment of breast and brain cancer cell lines, as well as glioma stem cells, with this molecule broadly inhibits their transformed phenotypes. Thus, TTGM 5826 represents the lead compound for a new class of small molecules that promote the toxicity of cancer cells by stabilizing the open state of tTG.
Value Sensitive Design for Autonomous Vehicle Motion Planning

Human drivers navigate the roadways by balancing values such as safety, legality, and mobility. The public will likely judge an autonomous vehicle by similar values. The iterative methodology of value sensitive design formalizes the connection of human values to engineering specifications. We apply a modified value sensitive design methodology to the development of an autonomous vehicle speed control algorithm to safely navigate an occluded pedestrian crosswalk. The first iteration presented here models the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process and uses dynamic programming to compute an optimal policy to control the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle based on the belief of a pedestrian crossing. The speed control algorithm is then tested in real-time on an experimental vehicle on a closed road course.
I am not Madame Bovary: Felicitous mistranslation

The title of Feng Xiaogang’s 2016 film, Wo bu shi Pan Jinlian, which literally means I am not Pan Jilian, was translated as I Am Not Madame Bovary for its international release. The film’s heroine,...