cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity verification utilizing finger surface features

In this paper we present a unique approach to personal identification which utilized finger surface features as a biometric identifier. Finger surface features are extracted from dense range images of an individual's hand. The shape index (a curvature-based surface representation) is used to represent the surfaces of the index, middle, and ring fingers of an individual. This representation is used along with a correlation coefficient based matcher to determine similarity. Our experiments make use of data from 223 subjects possessing a 16 week time lapse between collections. We examine the performance of individual finger surfaces in a verification context as well as the performance when using the three finger surfaces in conjunction. We present the results of our experiments, which indicate that this approach performs well for a first-of-its-kind biometric technique.
Logic-Based Methods for Optimization

This paper proposes a logic-based approach to optimization that combines solution methods from mathematical programming and logic programming. From mathematical programming it borrows strategies for exploiting structure that have logic-based analogs. From logic programming it borrows methods for extracting information that are unavailable in a traditional mathematical programming framework. Logic-based methods also provide a unified approach to solving optimization problems with both quantitative and logical constraints.
Feminist Engagement and the Museum

One day in the summer of 2011, Los Angeles law professor Yxta Maya Murray visited the Tate Britain and was shocked to see there Cathy Wilkes' installation (We are) pro-choice, a phantasmagoria involving a "weeping" naked mannequin sitting on a toilet, as well as a ladder and some banged up kitchenware. Murray gleaned that something feminist was in the offing, but couldn't tell quite what that might be. It seemed evident that Wilkes was making a case that women are miserable in today's brutalist western-capitalist society. However (she wondered), were there any other, more hopeful, conclusions to draw from the work? Pro-choice sent her off on a six-months long adventure of trying to understand this amazing art – intellectual travels that drew her to the lands of French/Bulgarian feminist Julia Kristeva, U.S. legal theorist Drucilla Cornell, and to the strange ways of Irish Wilkes herself. In the resulting essay, Murray asks the following questions: What is this suffering that Wilkes' describes in (We are) pro-choice? How does art help us understand subordination that might be reversed through legal reform? And what kinds of radical changes have to be made to museum law and policy that would allow art institutions to help us liberate the oppressed?
Evaluation of a CPU Scheduling Mechanism for Synchronized Multimedia Streams

Multimedia applications handling audio and video data have to obey time characteristics of these media types — for a single stream of multimedia data as well as for the synchronization of related streams. Correctness with respect to time constraints requires mechanisms which lead to favored processing of multi-media operations. CPU scheduling techniques based on the experience from real-time operating systems offer a solution and provide multimedia applications with the ability to meet time-related Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.This presentation starts with an overview on the required Quality of Service for synchronized audio and video streams. Subsequently it describes an implementation of a CPU scheduler designed to run under IBM's AIX. The evaluation of the implementation based on measurements shows that the scheduler is able to support the time requirements of multimedia applications and that such mechanisms are indeed necessary since otherwise deadline violations occur.
Systematic deprocessing: a technique for identification of the origins of process-induced damage and threshold voltage shifts

Back-end plasma process-induced damage has become a major concern for device reliability. Previous methods of process characterization do not allow for isolation of a single process within a metal loop. To solve this problem we developed a deprocessing technique that provides the capability for understanding the impact of a single process on transistor performance and reliability. This deprocessing technique is applied to pinpoint the source(s) of plasma damage. It is also used to identify the impact of backend plasma processes on interfacial Si-H concentration, which reportedly affects negative bias temperature instability lifetimes.
A Course on Disability Advocacy

Abstract This paper presents the development of a new course on disability issues entitled “Disability Rights and Social Work Practice” that was offered in the spring semester of 1999 in the Bachelors of Social Work program. This disability advocacy course consists of three components: distance education utilizing websites and a computer interactive program, community service learning, and seminars on campus.
Use of a mammalian internal ribosomal entry site element for expression of a foreign protein by a transfectant influenza virus.

Influenza A viruses arenegative-strand RNA viruses which havea segmented genome witha coding capacity for10 polypeptides. Thevirus genome iscomposed ofeight different RNA segmentswhichare tightly associated withtheviral nucleoprotein andpolymerases inribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes (14). Because ofthenoninfectious natureofthe genomicRNAs,influenza viruses were until recently not amenable tostandard techniques forgenetic manipulation. Thedevelopment ofa new transfection methodology, based on theinvitro reconstitution ofRNPsusing synthetic RNAs,has now madeitpossible toconstruct influenza viruses containing plasmid-derived RNA segments(5,19;fora review,see reference 8).Thissystemallows thestudy ofcis-acting sequencesintheviral RNAsaswell asthefunctional analysis of theviral proteins. Inaddition, this methodology hasbeenused togenerate recombinant influenza virus vectorsexpressing foreign sequences. A foreign geneflanked bythe3'and5'noncoding sequences ofinfluenza virus RNA segments canbeamplified, expressed, andpackaged into virus particles after RNP transfection into influenza virus-infected cells. However, therecombinant (nonessential) geneislost after several viral passages.Thegeneration ofstable influenza virus vectors expressing foreign amino acid sequenceswas achieved byinserting theforeign sequence into an essential viral gene.Thehemagglutinin (HA)and neuraminidase (NA)arespike-like proteins on theinfluenza virusenvelope; theyare alsoexpressed on thesurface of influenza virus-infected cells. Forthese reasons,theyare attractive proteins forthepresentation offoreign B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Transfectant influenza viruseswhichcontain
The Economic Growth of the Chesapeake and the European Market, 1697–1775

The relative position of the Chesapeake in the economy of the thirteen colonies before the American Revolution is a matter of some ambiguity. On the one hand, we are traditionally taught to view Virginia and Maryland as somewhat backward compared to their northern neighbors, particularly in their lack of large towns and of those forms of a centralized market economy commonly based upon urban commercial centers. On the other hand, simple quantitative measurement seems to indicate that they were among the most highly developed of the colonies. Virginia was the most populous of all, and even Maryland had more inhabitants than New York. If between them they were to account for about 30 per cent of the population of the thirteen colonies on the eve of the Revolution, they were even more strikingly to account for close to 50 percent of colonial exports to England. If we add in oft-neglected Scotland as a recipient, then the Chesapeake's share of exports to Great Britain passes 60 per cent. If we had chosen to make our measurements as of a generation earlier, then the Chesapeake's share of colonial exports would have been even higher.
Message-passing database machines

The development of message-passing database machines is briefly examined, with emphasis on the Active Graph Model (AGM). The AGM, developed specifically to exploit massive parallelism, is based on the principles of purely message-driven computation, where the entire database is represented as a graph of communicating nodes. Unlike object-oriented models, however, where the programmer must provide the methods for message handling, in AGM, generic methods are an inherent part of the model. This results in a much finer grain of parallelism than is obtained with object-oriented systems. Since both memory and control are encapsulated within each node, the database is capable of exploiting an architecture consisting of a very large number of loosely coupled processors and disk units. A hardware prototype consisting of 16 processors and 16 disks is now operational. >
A study of OH radicals in an atmospheric AC discharge plasma using near infrared diode laser cavity ringdown spectroscopy combined with optical emission spectroscopy

Simultaneous measurements of absolute concentrations of H2O and OH radicals in an atmospheric AC discharge using continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) are reported. Formation of OH radicals and plasma temperatures are characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. The concentration of OH radical at the edge of the discharge plume at 380 K is measured by the cw-CRDS technique to be 1.1 ×1015 molecule cm-3. Ringdown measurements of the H2O (120-000) band and the OH first overtone around 1515 nm enable us to determine an OH generation yield, $\Phi =\frac{N_{\rm OH} }{N_{\rm H_2 O}}$ , to be 4.8 ×10-3, where NOH and $$ N_{H_2 O} $$ are the number densities of OH and H2O, respectively. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient of the cw-CRDS system is 8.9 ×10-9 cm-1, which corresponds to a 1σ detection limit of OH number density of 1.2 ×1013 molecule cm-3 in the discharge. This experimental approach is demonstrated for the first time ever in an AC discharge, and can be applied in general to a variety of atmospheric plasmas to help study OH formation mechanisms and OH-related plasma applications.
Fibroblast “Cilia Growth” Factor in the Development of Left-Right Asymmetry

Although fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is critical for many developmental processes, the cellular mechanism(s) by which FGF exerts its effects remains obscure. In recent papers, Neugebauer et al. and Hong and Dawid focus on the role of FGF signaling on left-right axis patterning, showing that FGF functions at least in part via an effect on ciliogenesis.
Swipe: a sawtooth waveform inspired pitch estimator for speech and music

A Sawtooth Waveform Inspired Pitch Estimator (SWIPE) has been developed for processing speech and music. SWIPE is shown to outperform existing algorithms on several publicly available speech/musical-instruments databases and a disordered speech database. SWIPE estimates the pitch as the fundamental frequency of the sawtooth waveform whose spectrum best matches the spectrum of the input signal. A decaying cosine kernel provides an extension to older frequency-based, sieve-type estimation algorithms by providing smooth peaks with decaying amplitudes to correlate with the harmonics of the signal. An improvement on the algorithm is achieved by using only the first and prime harmonics, which significantly reduces subharmonic errors commonly found in other pitch estimation algorithms.
Alpha-1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in adult and neonatal rat type II pneumocytes

Binding characteristics of the alpha 1-adrenergic radioloigand [3H]prazosin, and the muscarinic cholinergic radioligand, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, were determined both in intact cell preparations of rat alveolar type II pneumocytes (TIIPs) and in membrane preparations of rat lung tissue. Binding in adult and neonatal (< 24 h postnatal age) rats was also compared. Binding affinities for both receptor classes on TIIPs and whole lung membrane preparations alike did not vary significantly with age. In lung membrane preparations, the concentrations of both receptor classes were higher in neonates than adults. In TIIPs, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor concentration was higher in neonates, but muscarinic receptor concentration was higher in adults. To begin investigation of the functional significance of these receptors, the effects of alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists on intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) were also measured. Both agonists induced consistent increases in [Ca2+]i, which were blocked by respective antagonists. These data indicate the presence of receptors on TIIPs for alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists that may influence cellular function via modulation of [Ca2+]i.
Estimating life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from corn–ethanol: a critical review of current U.S. practices

Abstract This study reviews corn–ethanol life cycle assessment studies and modeling tools to identify key discrepancies between studies, and shortcomings in analysis of greenhouse gas emissions. The primary conclusions are that direct land use change modeling, soil N 2 O emissions modeling, and co-product crediting were either poorly treated or treated inconsistently across most or all studies. Despite the existence of improved methods and tools proposed by institutional bodies and the broader research community, the state of the practice tends towards over-simplified and highly generalized methods that increase potential uncertainty in greenhouse gas estimates and prevents differentiation among producers of corn ethanol.
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY IN RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA

FLYNN and co-workers (1971, 1975) at the Bascom Palmer Institute in Miami, were the first investigators to utilize fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia. Their studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of the active stages of RLF. Our findings confirm those of FLYNN and co-workers, and attest to the usefulness of this technique in not only the diagnosis, but the clinical management of the cases. Utilizing the technique in older patients with arrested RLF, some of whom may have shown only high myopia as a residual, we have noted that the retinal vessels, in some cases, never regained complete competence and show considerable fluorescein leakage from the peripheral vasculature (PAYNE & PATZ, in press; PATZ, 1975).
A METABOLIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO LINES OF LYMPHOMA 6C3HED CELLS IN RELATION TO ASPARAGINE.

SummaryA metabolic difference has been found in vitro between two lines of Lymphoma 6C3HED cells, by measuring the incorporation of L-valine-C14 in presence and absence of added L-asparagine. Cells of the RG1 subline, insensitive to the effects of guinea pig serum in vivo and independent of need for extrinsic asparagine for growth in vitro, incorporated a large and relatively constant amount of valine regardless of presence or absence of added asparagine. Cells of the original OG line, by contrast, being susceptible to the effects of guinea pig serum in vivo and requiring added asparagine for growth in vitro, incorporated relatively little valine unless sufficient amounts of asparagine were added to the medium. The significance of the findings is briefly discussed.
Observation of two distinct phase states in a self-phase-locked type II phase-matched optical parametric oscillator

We demonstrate self-phase locking in a type II phase-matched optical parametric oscillator by mutual injection locking. An intracavity quarter-wave plate provides polarization mixing between the orthogonally polarized signal and idler that induces signal–idler self-phase locking when their frequency difference is within the capture range. We observed two distinct phase states that differ in their oscillator thresholds and their signal–idler phase differences, in good agreement with theory.
IMPLEMENTING A PROGRAM OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IN SURFACE MINING POLICY

This article outlines the legislative history of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and describes the forces that promoted a federalist arrangement of shared powers and responsibility for implementing the environmental reclamation provisions of the Act. The major components of the Act are reviewed and the Act is examined in terms of its general effectiveness in promoting reclamation as well as its contribution to the practice of American federalism and the capacity of state government to implement complex regulatory programs. The article concludes that SMCRA has had a positive impact in terms of improving state capabilities, expanding public involvement in decision making, and enhancing federal and state cooperation.
Association testing with Mendel

This report presents an overview of association testing strategies from a user's perspective, with particular attention to the capabilities of the computer program Mendel. Association testing is driven by the nature of the study sample, the nature of the disease trait, and the kind of markers employed. The practicing statistician must also choose whether to conduct parametric or nonparametric tests. Because of the complexities involved, Mendel offers users several analysis options. The different options are tied together by shared input and output conventions and a shared language for defining models. Mendel also features new statistics and theory found in no other genetics software. The most important innovations include: association testing by penetrance estimation, expansion of matched-pair designs to permutation unit designs, and a rigorous implementation of the measured genotype approach for quantitative trait loci. This report explains how Mendel imputes allele counts and conducts both asymptotic and permutation tests in the measured genotype framework.
The Role of Identity of the Victim in the Development of Disparagement Humor.

Summary These studies examined the effect of degree of similarity between Ss and cartoon characters depicted as victims of an accidental mishap, on appreciation of humor occurring in connection with the mishap. In Study 1, low-income white, black, and Mexican-American boys and girls between 3 and 6 years of age were presented with pairs of drawings differing only in the identification of the victim of the mishap and were asked to choose the funnier of the two. Study 2 followed the same procedure with a middle-income group of 4- to 6-year-old white boys and girls. The pairs of humorous drawings included the following comparisons of victims: boy vs girl, son vs father, son vs mother, daughter vs father, and daughter vs mother. Findings for middle-income children and low-income boys from all three racial-ethnic backgrounds were consistently in the direction predicted by the disposition theory of humor: humor victimizing a parent was funnier than humor victimizing a child, and humor victimizing the opposite s...
An inexpensive millimeter-accuracy electronic length measuring board

A design is presented for a cost-effective, easy to use, millimeter resolution electronic fish measuring board. The device is easily assembled from commercially available electronic components and a customized electronic control board. The principal component of this design is a magnetostrictive linear distance sensor. This sensor is an alternative to previous approaches in magnetic measuring technology that used magnetoresistive or Hall-effect sensors. The measuring device is connected to a personal computer or personal digital assistant running a data acquisition application. Length measurements are taken by momentarily placing a magnet on the length board sensor at the desired measurement location. The described electronic fish measuring board is a robust, inexpensive and efficient alternative to other methods and devices used to rapidly collect relatively large numbers of high-resolution length measurements.
Calculation of Nuclear Spin-Echo Envelope Modulation Due to a Transverse Interaction

The modulation of the nuclear spin-echo envelope by a transverse interaction of the type $\frac{1}{2}B(I_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}I_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}+I_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}I_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+})$, as would arise from a Suhl-Nakamura has been calculated. We find that that type of interaction gives a maximum modulation when the chemical shifts of the two interacting spins are the same, and no modulation if the difference between the chemical shifts of the two nuclei (in energy units) is much greater than the interaction energy $B$. This is in contrast to the behavior of the modulation for an interaction of the type $J{\mathrm{I}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, where there is no modulation for two nuclei with the same chemical shifts, and maximum modulation if the interactin energy $J$ much less than the difference between the chemical shifts of the two nuclei. In metallic ferromagnetic materials, the nuclei have a large spread in chemical shifts such that in general $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\gg}B$, so no modulation would be expected to be observed from a transverse interaction. However, several favorable cases exist for antiferromagnetic compounds where we expect $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\le}B$, so that the modulation should be observable.
Antibodies elicited in response to EBNA-1 may cross-react with dsDNA.

Background Several genetic and environmental factors have been linked to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). One environmental trigger that has a strong association with SLE is the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). Our laboratory previously demonstrated that BALB/c mice expressing the complete EBNA-1 protein can develop antibodies to double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The present study was undertaken to understand why anti-dsDNA antibodies arise during the immune response to EBNA-1. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we demonstrated that mouse antibodies elicited in response to EBNA-1 cross-react with dsDNA. First, we showed that adsorption of sera reactive with EBNA-1 and dsDNA, on dsDNA cellulose columns, diminished reactivity with EBNA-1. Next, we generated mononclonal antibodies (MAbs) to EBNA-1 and showed, by several methods, that they also reacted with dsDNA. Examination of two cross-reactive MAbs—3D4, generated in this laboratory, and 0211, a commercial MAb—revealed that 3D4 recognizes the carboxyl region of EBNA-1, while 0211 recognizes both the amino and carboxyl regions. In addition, 0211 binds moderately well to the ribonucleoprotein, Sm, which has been reported by others to elicit a cross-reactive response with EBNA-1, while 3D4 binds only weakly to Sm. This suggests that the epitope in the carboxyl region may be more important for cross-reactivity with dsDNA while the epitope in the amino region may be more important for cross-reactivity with Sm. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, our results demonstrate that antibodies to the EBNA-1 protein cross-react with dsDNA. This study is significant because it demonstrates a direct link between the viral antigen and the development of anti-dsDNA antibodies, which are the hallmark of SLE. Furthermore, it illustrates the crucial need to identify the epitopes in EBNA-1 responsible for this cross-reactivity so that therapeutic strategies can be designed to mask these regions from the immune system following EBV exposure.
Predicting the thermal shock resistance of fiber reinforced brittle matrix composites

The development of flaw-tolerant fiber-reinforced glass, glass-ceramic and ceramic matrix composites has resulted in a new family of high-temperature capability structural materials exhibiting quasi-ductile fracture behavior. While a great deal of research efforts have been devoted to study the mechanical behavior of these materials at both room and elevated temperatures, investigation of their behavior when subjected to abrupt thermal gradients, i.e. under thermal shock conditions, has received much less consideration. This is surprising, as the high-temperature applications for which these composite materials are candidate, e.g. in gas turbine engines, will inevitably involve some kind of thermal shock loading. It is therefore important to understand the materials` response under severe thermal transients and to be able to predict their thermal shock resistance. The topic of the present article is the development of an approach for the prediction of {Delta}{Tc} from data of the composite constituents and of the thermal shock conditions. The approach developed is compared with available experimental data on silicate matrix composites.
Spatial filter pinhole for high-energy pulsed lasers.

Spatial filters are essential components for maintaining high beam quality in high-energy pulsed laser systems. The long-duration (21 ns) high-energy pulses envisioned for future inertial-confinement fusion drive systems, such as the U.S. National Ignition Facility (NIF), are likely to lead to increased plasma generation and closure effects within the pinholes in the spatial filters. The design goal for the pinhole spatial filter for the NIF design is to remove small-angle scatter in the beam to as little as a ±100-μrad divergence. It is uncertain whether this design requirement can be met with a conventional pinhole design. We propose a new pinhole architecture that addresses these issues by incorporating features intended to reduce the rate of plasma generation. Initial experiments with this design have verified its performance improvement relative to a conventional pinhole design.
System Maker and Privilege Taker: U.S. Power and the International Political Economy

There is striking consistency in the international economic behavior of the United States across the bipolar and unipolar eras. The United States has been simultaneously a system maker and privilege taker, and its ability to play that dual role has required the willing collaboration of foreign partners. U.S. influence over those partners, however, has changed in important ways. During the cold war the United States dominated international economic adjustment struggles. Its ability to prevail in those struggles after the cold war has been significantly compromised. The United States, notwithstanding its preponderant power, no longer enjoys the same type of security leverage it once possessed, and the very success of the U.S.-centered world economy has opened a greater range of international and domestic economic options for America's supporters. In the unipolar era the United States may continue to act its own way, but it can no longer count on getting its own way.
Fuel reduction and electricity consumption impact of different charging scenarios for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Abstract Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) consume both gasoline and grid electricity. The corresponding temporal energy consumption and emission trends are valuable to investigate in order to fully understand the environmental benefits. The 24-h energy consumption and emission profile depends on different vehicle designs, driving, and charging scenarios. This study assesses the potential energy impact of PHEVs by considering different charging scenarios defined by different charging power levels, locations, and charging time. The region selected for the study is the South Coast Air Basin of California. Driving behaviors are derived from the National Household Travel Survey 2009 (NHTS 2009) and vehicle parameters are based on realistic assumptions consistent with projected vehicle deployments. Results show that the reduction in petroleum consumption is significant compared to standard gasoline vehicles and the ability to operate on electricity alone is crucial to cold start emission reduction. The benefit of higher power charging on petroleum consumption is small. Delayed and average charging are better than immediate charging for home, and non-home charging increases peak grid loads.
Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Binary Solutions of Molten Alkaline‐Earth Fluorides

The electrical conductivities of binary solutions of molten MgF 2 -CaF 2 , MgF 2 -SrF 2 , MgF 2 -BaF 2 , CaF 2 -SrF 2 , CaF 2 -BaF 2 , and SrF 2 -BaF 2 were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a conductance cell comprising twin capillaries of pyrolytic boron nitride, movable tungsten electrodes, and a molybdenum crucible
Island-arc carbonates: characterization and recognition in the ancient geologic record

Abstract Carbonates of island-arc origin that are preserved in Paleozoic-Mesozoic terranes of the North American Cordillera exhibit a distinctive suite of paleontologic and lithologic features and share a fundamental similarity with limestones forming in modern volcanic arcs. This study provides the first detailed synthesis of carbonate depositional systems in island arcs and documents primary sedimentary constituents based on facies relationships and faunal communities. Models are developed that show patterns in the long-term evolution of shallow marine organisms and the construction, evolution, and demise of carbonate platforms in island arcs. A suite of criteria is identified that may be used to differentiate island-arc carbonates from limestones that accumulated in other platform settings. Biogeographic isolation, prolonged subsidence, steep submarine slopes and tectonic instability of volcanic edifices contribute to the development of relatively high levels of species endemism, impoverished normal marine faunas, complex provincial affinities, and relict biotas in limestones that are characterized by exceptionally thick platform and periplatform sequences, fringing and barrier reefs at the shelf margin, extensive lagoonal deposits and rapid lateral and vertical facies changes. Although destructive tectonic and geologic processes in island arcs may hinder determining the original size and extent of the carbonate platform, and particular facies types may not be represented (e.g., fringing and barrier reefs may be replaced by sand shoals at the platform, margin), many characteristics have potential value for identifying carbonates of island-arc origin in the ancient rock record. Apart from being associated with calc-alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic assemblages, the most valuable suite of features for recognizing island-arc carbonates is marine biotas that exhibit elevated levels of endemism and mixed paleobiogeographic affinities, extraordinary thicknesses of platform (shallow marine) and periplatform carbonates, and rapid facies changes between volcanic and carbonate rocks and between shallow and deep water limestones. Recognizing that an ensemble of features is distinctive within island-arc carbonates considerably enhances identification of volcanic arcs in the ancient geologic record and thus improves the likelihood of successfully unraveling the complex geologic history of ocean basins.
N-β-alanyldopamine and N-acetyldopamine occurrence and synthesis in the central nervous system of Manduca sexta (L.)

Abstract N-β-Alanyldopamine (NBAD), N-acetyldopamine (NADA), dopamine (DA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were detected in the brain and ganglia of the central nervous system of larval and adult tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta, by reversed phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. NBAD predominated in larval neural tissue during development of the fifth instar and increased to peak concentrations of 936, 650 and 263 nmol g−1 in the abdominal ganglia, subesophageal plus thoracic ganglia and brain, respectively, at the wandering stage of development. Concentrations of all catecholamines decreased in the pharate pupa and were generally lowest in the adult nerve cord. DA was the second most abundant catecholamine in larval ganglia, but the primary catecholamine in adult ganglia. Relatively high levels of DOPA also occurred in the ganglia of wandering larvae but not at other times. NADA was detected only in the abdominal ganglia of day 3 larvae. N-Acyltransferases that catalyze synthesis of NBAD and NADA from DA also were present in abdominal ganglia, as demonstrated by analysis of in vitro cultures in which exogenous DA stimulated synthesis of both N-acylated catecholamines. Maximal NBAD synthesis occurred in ganglia removed from wandering stage larvae (9.3 nmol g−1 day−1), whereas NADA synthesis was highest in ganglia from pharate pupae (7.3 nmol g−1 day−1). Thus, N-β-alanylation and N-acetylation are competing metabolic reactions for DA in the hornworm's nervous system. The role played by the N-acylated catecholamines in M. sexta neurophysiology is unknown, but these compounds may be storage or inactive forms of the putative neurotransmitter DA.
“The Threshold is the Source”: Handke's Der Chinese Des Schmerzes

(1990). “The Threshold is the Source”: Handke's Der Chinese Des Schmerzes. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 58-64.
Cell aggregates — A new in vitro model system of tumor growth

Abstract A number of human malignancies have been grown by monolayer tissue culture techniques for the study of cell kinetics and in the assessment of various cancericidal modalities. The discrepancy here for the clinician is that when these results are correlated with the in vivo situation there is little similarity between a monolayer culture and a three-dimensional in vivo growth. Our model system of cell aggregate tissue culture growth more closely approximates the in vivo situation of a malignant tissue. Three tissue culture lines, one derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, a second from endometrial carcinoma, and a third from rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina have been grown as cell aggregates in rotation culture. These aggregates which range in size from 1 to 2 ml at maximum diameter present an in vitro model which resembles more closely malignant tissue. Preliminary experimentation is now underway in which these aggregates are subjected to various cancericidal influences such as radiation therapy and various chemotherapeutic agents.
Study of benign and malignant intraductal lesions of the breast by fiberoptic ductoscopy

To observe and subtype the appearance of intraductal papilloma (lesions) and of infiltrating ductal carcinoma or early/infiltrating ductal carcinoma using a fiberoptic ductoscope (FDS) examination; and to discuss the differentiation and diagnosis of benign and malignantitumors by FDS. The characteristics of FDS images and diagnostic data for 229 patients with intraductal papilloma (lesions) and 50 patients with ductal carcinoma, who were confirmed by surgical pathology from October 1998 to December 2003, were analyzed retrospectively. The appearance of the lesions observed by FDS were grouped into 4 types: amonothelia (type I), polythelia (type II), superficies (type III) and a mixture (type IV). Intraductal papillomas (lesions); were more commonly seen in type I and II, and intraductal carcinomas or early infiltrating ductal carcinomas were more commonly seen in type III and IV; there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the ductoscopic types, except in type II, between the two types of lesions, P< 0.001. The focal detection rate by FDS for intraductal papilloma and papillomatosis was 99.6% (228/229) and for breast cancer was 96.0% (48/ 50). The diagnostic accuracy was 97.8% (224/229) and 82.0% (41/50), respectively. FDS can be a guide for the treament of benign and malignant intraductal tumors, with early discovery and accurate diagnosis.
Time-resolved studies of the effects of water vapor in glow discharge mass spectrometry

The role of water vapor as an impurity in glow discharge mass spectrometry is examined by means of pulsed injection of water into an argon discharge. The effect of water vapor on both analyte and intrinsic gas species is determined. Water dissociates in the discharge to produce reactants that can influence analytical results. The extent of this effect is dependent on the reactivity of the cathode sample with water and its dissociation products. Metal oxides are observed during and shortly after the pulsed water injection. Three different cathode materials (titanium, iron, and copper) are studied, with a range of metal oxide bond strengths. Titanium, which has strong gettering action in the glow discharge plasma, exhibits the shortest perturbation time after addition of water vapor. The experiments show the need to remove trace water from glow discharges for best analytical results.
Neural Control of Coronary Blood Flow

Parasympathetic control of coronary blood flow has been extensively studied in dogs, and a clear vasodilator effect not dependent on changes in myocardial metabolism was observed. Parasympathetic vaso
A survey of natural aggregate properties and characteristics important in remote sensing and airborne geophysics

Natural aggregate is vital to the construction industry. Although natural aggregate is a high volume/low value commodity that is abundant, new sources are becoming increasingly difficult to find and develop because of rigid industry specifications, political considerations, development and transportation costs, and environmental concerns. There are two primary sources of natural aggregate: (1) exposed or near-surface bedrock that can be crushed, and (2) deposits of sand and gravel. Remote sensing and airborne geophysics detect surface and near-surface phenomena, and may be useful for detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources; however, before a methodology for applying these techniques can be developed, it is necessary to understand the type, distribution, physical properties, and characteristics of natural aggregate deposits. The distribution of potential aggregate sources is closely tied to local geologic history. Conventional exploration for natural aggregate deposits has been largely a ground-based operation, although aerial photographs and topographic maps have been extensively used to target possible deposits. Today, the exploration process also considers factors such as the availability of the land, space and water supply for processing, political and environmental factors, and distance from the market; exploration and planning cannot be separated. There are many physical properties and characteristics by which to judge aggregate material for specific applications; most of these properties and characteristics pertain only to individual aggregate particles. The application of remote sensing and airborne geophysical measurements to detecting and mapping potential aggregate sources, however, is based on intrinsic bulk physical properties and extrinsic characteristics of the deposits that can be directly measured, mathematically derived from measurement, or interpreted with remote sensing and geophysical data.
Quartz: Preferred Orientation in Rocks Produced by Dauphiné Twinning

X-ray analyses of quartz aggregates deformed in the laboratory andin nature show a striking difference in the preferred orientation of the positive and negative trigonal forms. These observations may be accounted for by mechanically induced Dauphine twinning. This orienting mechanism is unusual in that it requires no permanent strain.
Behaviour of dual-phase steel at large rolling strains

Etude des caracteristiques du durcissement pour l'acier double phase G86 en relation avec la microstructure contenant un pourcentage donne de chacune des phases
The Colorado Collaborative for Nursing Research: Nurses shaping nursing's future

Nurses in the present health care environment have been reduced too often to being providers of safe, competent care rather than quality care. In response, the Institute of Medicine has recommended that nurses become more involved in making changes to the health care system and use data more effectively. If nursing intends to follow these recommendations, the profession needs (a) fresh perspectives to assist in making health care system changes, (b) partnerships between nurse scientists and nurse clinicians to generate and implement data, and (c) capture of the proper value of nursing as distinct from other elements of health care delivery. The Colorado Collaborative for Nursing Research is an effort to meet the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine. The Colorado Collaborative for Nursing Research has a three-arm structure: a research forum where nurse academicians and nurse clinicians can launch collaborative projects; a research support services arm from which nurse collaborators can obtain help with modeling, statistics, writing, and funding; and a data extraction/data sharing mechanism to inform the decision making of nurse leaders.
A comprehensive objective network security metric framework for proactive security configuration

In order to create secure and dependable systems and information intelligence, it is a major challenge to determine the security level of the network. This security level depends on a number of dynamically changing factors including emerging of new vulnerabilities and threats, policy updates and network traffic. An effective means to address this is to identify security metrics that measure the quality of security configuration objectively and dynamically.In this extended abstract, we propose a comprehensive security metric framework called Risk based prOactive seCurity cOnfiguration maNAger (ROCONA) that identifies and quantifies objectively the most significant security risk factors, which include existing and future vulnerabilities based on historical trends, security configuration immunity to attack occurrence and propagation, and traffic trends that reflect the insider and outsider user behavior.
Jewish Day-Schooled Adolescents' Perceptions of Parental and Environmental Support of Physical Activity

Abstract Few studies of religiosity and physical activity (PA) correlates have been conducted; thus, a cross-sectional survey of 367 more and less religious Jewish adolescents' (M age = 12.8 years, SD = 0.9) perceptions of parental and environmental support of PA was conducted at religious day schools in two large American cities. Maternal Support, Environmental Support, and Paternal Non-Support factors were verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Factor scores were analyzed through a 2 x 2 (gender x religiosity level) multivariate analysis of variance. A significant main effect for religiosity was obtained (F = 6.93, p < .001); however, a main effect for gender and an interaction effect were not. Post hoc discriminant analysis revealed Paternal Non-Support and Environmental Support factors as differentiating more and less religious adolescents.
Differential equation associated with electromagnetic waves in an inhomogeneous medium where ∇ε(r)·E vanishes

Abstract Series solutions are obtained for a second-order ordinary differential equation associated with propagation of electromagnetic energy in an inhomogeneous plasma which varies in one direction only (say z ) for the case where E z = 0. The electron density and collision frequency distributions are represented by two different polynomials. When the collision frequency is a constant and the electron density, N( z ) varies as a first- or second-degree polynomial in z , the resulting differential equations can be represented by known functions, such as Airy functions or confluent hypergeometric functions, respectively. It is shown that the general series solution of the differential equation for which the electron density is also an arbitrary polynomial can be reduced to the aforementioned transcendental functions in the respective special cases.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Rat Phrenic Nucleus Developing within 2 h after Cervical Spinal Cord Hemisection

Abstract The present study was conducted to describe the ultrastructural changes which occur in the young adult rat phrenic nucleus within 2 h after an ipsilateral C2 spinal cord hemisection. The main objective was to determine if there is a temporal relationship between specific ultrastructural changes in the phrenic nucleus and a significant augmentation of crossed phrenic nerve activity which occurs as early as 2 h after hemisection. Phrenic motoneurons were identified at electron microscopic levels by retrograde HRP labeling. Ultrastructural features in the phrenic nucleus of control and experimental rats were qualitatively analyzed and then quantitated. At 2 h posthemisection, there was a significant increase in the mean percentage of phrenic dendrodendritic appositions. In the control rats, 4.73 ± 0.18% of phrenic dendrites were in apposition, and this percentage increased significantly to 8.58 ± 0.54% at 2 h after injury. Furthermore, the mean lengths of asymmetrical and symmetrical synaptic active zones increased significantly at 2 h posthemisection from control lengths of 0.372 ± 0.009 μm and 0.404 ± 0.007 μm to 0.410 ± 0.011 μm and 0.513 ± 0.032 μm, respectively, in experimental rats. The phrenic nucleus is therefore capable of morphological plasticity as early as 2 h after spinal cord hemisection and this plasticity coincides temporally with the physiological augmentation of crossed phrenic nerve activity at 2 h. The data further suggest that these morphological changes may be part of the substrate for the unmasking of ineffective synapses during the crossed phrenic phenomenon.
The Dwindling Supply Of Empty Beds: Implications For Hospital Surge Capacity

The threat of mass-casualty disasters raises concern about the adequacy of hospitals’ surge capacity. This paper measures surge capacity as the number of empty staffed beds per capita at the county...
3-(2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenimino)-propyldiethoxysiloxane—a highly selective, bonded π-complexing phase for high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract A bonded, charge-transfer type stationary phase packing for high-pressure liquid chromatography has been developed. The bonded phase is stable under various solvent conditions and affords very high selectivity for alkyl-substituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Both the capacity ratio and the plate height are strong functions of the stoichiometric phase mass. A satisfactory compromise is achieved by reducing the stoichiometric charge-transfer phase mass (moles/g) and secondary adsorption effects were minimized by the synthesis, in situ, of a “mixed” bonded phase.
Comparison of voltage-divider, modified Ardran-Crooks cassette, and Ge(Li) spectrometer methods to determine the peak kilovoltage (kVp) of diagnostic x-ray units.

This report describes several different techniques that have been used to determine the peak kilovoltage (kVp) of single‐ and three‐phase diagnostic x‐ray units operating in both the radiographic and fluoroscopic mode, from 60 to 110 kVp, using (1) a voltage divider with oscilloscope display; (2) a voltage divider and special summing amplifier with digital display of the voltage utilizing a multichannel analyzer; (3) a version of the Ardran–Crooks cassette technique; and (4) a Ge(Li) spectrometer method. Each technique presents a distinct advantage: Method (1) enables the waveform to be viewed directly; method (2) is probably the most accurate and reproducible technique; method (3) has the greatest ease of operation; and method (4) provides the ability to visualize the x‐ray spectrum.