cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical study for allowable bearing pressures of CLSM bridge abutments

Abstract Controlled low strength materials (CLSMs) are increasingly gaining importance in the construction industry. Among many applications, CLSMs can be used for rapid and sustainable construction of bridge abutments. A study was undertaken to investigate the allowable bearing pressures of bridge sills over an abutment backfilled with CLSMs referred to as a “CLSM bridge abutment.” The study was conducted by the finite element method of analysis. The capability of the finite element computer code for analyzing the performance of a CLSM bridge abutment has been evaluated prior to this study. A series of finite element analyses were carried out to examine the effect of facing type, sill width, CLSM stiffness/strength, and foundation stiffness/strength on the load-carrying capacity of CLSM abutments. The allowable bearing pressures of CLSM abutments were determined based on results of the analytical study and two performance criteria: a limiting displacement criterion and a limiting linear strain criterion. In addition, a recommended procedure for determining the allowable bearing pressure is provided.
Wittgenstein on Going On

In a famous passage from the Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein describes a pupil who has been learning to write out various sequences of numbers in response to orders such as “+1” (for the natural numbers) and “+2” (for the series 0, 2, 4, 6, 8…). He has shown himself competent for numbers up to 1000, but when we have him continue the “+2” sequence beyond 1000, he writes the numerals 1004, 1008, 1012. As Wittgenstein describes the case: We say to him, “Look what you’re doing!” — He doesn’t understand us. We say “You should have added two; look how you began the series!” — He answers: “Yes! Isn’t it right? I thought that’s how I should [sollen] do it. — Or suppose he were to say, pointing to the series, “But I went on in the same way!”(PI §185)1The passage continues:— It would now be no use to us to say “But don’t you see…?” — and repeat for him the old explanations and examples. — In such a case, we might perhaps say: this person naturally understands our order, once given our explanations, as we would understand the order “Add 2 up to 1000, 4 up to 2000, 6 up to 3000, and so on.”(ibid.)
Scalable Synthesis of Li2S Nanocrystals for Solid-State Electrolyte Applications

Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is a key component and major cost driver for sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes. However, this material is not commercially available in nanocrystal form. We previously demonstrated solution-based synthesis of Li2S nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable size in a small Parr reactor and validated their potential as cathode active materials. Herein, we report on the scale-up of both the synthesis and purification steps, generating meaningful quantities for solid-state electrolyte formation. Use of a bubble column reactor significantly increased production capacity by two orders of magnitude, from~100 mg/batch to >10 g/batch. An evaporator/condenser and fluidized bed with corresponding capacity were introduced for solvent evaporation and annealing, respectively. Intrinsic purity, thermal stability, and morphology of those NCs are characterized by XRD, TGA, and SEM respectively. It is shown that the NC size and purity could be tuned by varying the annealing temperature. Li2S-P2S5 based glassy electrolytes formed by a combination of ball milling and cold pressing were used to illustrate the benefits of these Li2S NCs. It was shown that Li2S NCs reduced the mechanical ball mixing time required to make Li2S-P2S5 based glasses by at least 70% relative to commercial Li2S micro-powders. 70Li2S-30P2S5 glassy electrolytes were fabricated by cold pressing at various pressures and characterized by impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. SSEs formed at the optimum condition exhibited high ionic conductivity (~10−5 s cm−1), low electronic conductivity (~10−10 s cm−1), and reasonable activation barrier (~35 kJ mol−1). These properties were comparable to leading reports in the literature, validating the use of our material for solid-state electrolyte fabrication.
Development and Psychometric Properties of Scores From the Short Index of Self-Directedness

This research reports the development and psychometric properties of scores from the 10-item Short Index of Self-Directedness (SISD), drawn from the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; C. R. ...
Evaluation of the Use of Capecitabine for the Treatment and Prevention of Actinic Keratoses, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Importance Certain patient groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), have a significantly increased risk of developing skin cancers. The chemotherapeutic drug capecitabine has been used off label as a chemopreventive modality to suppress the development of precancerous skin lesions and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Objective To systematically review published studies on the use of capecitabine for the treatment and prevention of precancerous and cancerous skin lesions, with a focus on cutaneous SCC. Evidence Review For this systematic review, a literature search was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases in December 2019 for all articles published between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2019, using the search term capecitabine paired with each of the following terms: actinic keratosis, actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Articles on the use of capecitabine for the treatment and prevention of actinic keratoses (AKs), SCCs, and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) were selected for inclusion. Findings Sixteen publications met the criteria for inclusion, with 8 case reports describing the inflammation of AKs in patients with solid organ cancer treated with capecitabine (2 patients with breast cancer and 6 patients with colorectal cancer). One case report and 1 case series of 4 patients investigated the use of capecitabine for the treatment of advanced or widespread cutaneous SCCs. A total of 6 publications (3 case reports and 3 case series) described the use of capecitabine to prevent development of SCCs in SOTRs. Of these case series, 2 studies found a significant reduction in SCC incidence rate during treatment with capecitabine compared with before treatment. Adverse effects, such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated creatinine level, hand-foot syndrome, hyperuricemia, weight loss, anemia, and cardiomyopathy, limited the duration of chemoprevention in several patients. Conclusions and Relevance Capecitabine treatment may be associated with a decrease in the incidence of SCCs in SOTRs. Capecitabine treatment may also be associated with a decrease in AK and BCC incidence. However, practitioners must weigh this benefit against the risk of adverse effects for each patient individually. Further investigation with a prospective clinical trial is warranted.
Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema: A Newly Recognized Phenotype in Children With Suspected Encephalitis.

BACKGROUND Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The California Encephalitis Project (CEP) enrolled patients for more than a decade. A subset of patients with acute and fulminant cerebral edema was noted. METHODS All pediatric encephalitis patients with cerebral edema referred to the CEP between 1998 and 2012 were reviewed. A case definition was developed for acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE) that included the CEP case definition for encephalitis and progression to diffuse cerebral edema on neuroimaging and/or autopsy, and no other recognized etiology for cerebral edema (eg, organic, metabolic, toxin). Prodromic features, demographic and laboratory data, neuroimaging, and outcomes were compared with non-AFCE encephalitis cases. RESULTS Of 1955 pediatric cases referred to the CEP, 30 (1.5%) patients met the AFCE case definition. The median age for AFCE and non-AFCE cases was similar: 8.2 years (1-18 years) and 8.0 years (0.5-18 years), respectively. Asian-Pacific Islanders comprised a larger proportion of AFCE cases (44%) compared with non-AFCE cases (14%, P < .01). AFCE cases often had a prodrome of high fever, vomiting, and profound headache. Mortality among AFCE patients was significantly higher than among non-AFCE patients (80% vs 13%, P < .01). A confirmed etiology was identified in only 2 cases (enterovirus, human herpes virus type 6), while 10 others had evidence of a respiratory pathogen.Thirty pediatric patients referred to the California Encephalitis Project with a unique, and often fatal, form of encephalitis are reported. Demographic and clinical characteristics, possible etiologies and a proposed case definition for acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE) are described. CONCLUSIONS AFCE is a recently recognized phenotype of encephalitis with a high mortality. AFCE may be triggered by common pediatric infections. Here, we propose a case definition.
Moral Complexities of Student Question-Asking in Classroom Practice

Prior research on student question-asking has primarily been conducted from a cognitive, epistemological standpoint. In contrast, we present a hermeneutic-phenomenological investigation that emphasizes the moral-practical context in which question-asking functions as a situated way of being in the midst of practice. More particularly, we present a hermeneutic study of student question-asking in a graduate seminar on design theory (i.e., a seminar focused on theory and philosophy of design, emphasizing the work of design scholars such as Simon, Cross, Krippendorff, and Lawson). The study offers a unique moral-practical perspective on this commonly studied phenomenon. Our analysis yielded four themes regarding the moral-practical intricacies of question-asking in this setting, with a particular focus on time-related constraints on participation, various types of background understanding, and value-laden expectations that participants encountered in this complex ecology of practice.
Technical note: Evaluation of a commercial on-farm milk leukocyte differential tester to identify subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cows.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to validate the precision and accuracy of a milk leukocyte differential tester to identify subclinical mastitis cases in dairy cows. Milk samples from individual quarters (n = 320) of 80 Holstein cows were aseptically collected and analyzed in this study. Each sample was divided into 2 replicate samples after mixing. One replicate was analyzed for somatic cell count (SCC) using the current gold standard of flow cytometry immediately after milking. The second sample was evaluated using the on-farm milk leukocyte differential tester directly after milking, where total leukocyte count (TLC; cells/mL) was obtained. The SCC and TLC were used to calculate somatic cell score (SCS) and TLC score [TLS = log2 (TLC/100,000) + 3]. Two subclinical mastitis thresholds were set: >200,000 (low) and >400,000 (high) cells/mL. First, precision was determined between the 2 methods. Total leukocyte count and calculated TLS from the milk leukocyte differential device were compared with the gold standard using correlation and regression coefficient of determination analyses. Correlation coefficients (r) were 0.97 for TLC and SCC and 0.90 for TLS and SCS. The coefficient of determination for regression (R2) was 0.94 for TLC and SCC and 0.80 for TLS and SCS. Slopes of regression for scores and measures were 0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35–0.37] and 0.69 (CI: 0.65–0.73), respectively; both were significantly different from 1. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated for correct diagnosis of the 2 SCC thresholds using the gold standard as reference. The sensitivity of the on-farm test was 58% (95% CI: 44 to 71%) and 73% (95% CI: 56 to 86%) for the low and high thresholds, respectively. The specificities for the on-farm test were 100% (95% CI: 99 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 98 to 100%) for the low and high thresholds, respectively. Subclinical diagnosis accuracies were 93% (95% CI: 89 to 95%) and 96% (95% CI: 92 to 98%) for the low and high thresholds, respectively. The on-farm milk leukocyte differential tester was precise but not overall accurate for total cell counts; it had high specificity and accuracy for diagnosis compared with a standard diagnostic tool. These results suggest that the tested system is a promising technology to detect subclinical mastitis on-farm.
NEW SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE APPROXIMATION OF DISTINCT SOLUTIONS OF THE QUADRATIC EQUATION IN BANACH SPACES

Using the "theory of majorants" we provide new sufficient conditions for the approximation of distinct solutions of the quadratic equation in Banach spaces. Our results are applied to a Riccati ordinary differential equation.
Incidence and mortality trends of metastatic prostate cancer: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis

Introduction In the past decade, prostate cancer screening decreased, raising the concern of delays in diagnosis and leading to increase in new cases of metastatic prostate cancer. This study evaluated whether these changes may have impacted trends in metastatic prostate cancer incidence and survival. Methods Metastatic prostate cancer diagnoses from 2008-2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 were calculated by time periods and demographic variables. Two-year all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality were calculated for patients diagnosed from 2008-2014, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical variables. Results Incidence rates of metastatic prostate cancer increased by 18% from 2008-2009 to 2014-2016 (Incidence rate ratio [IRR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.21). This trend was observed across multiple subgroups but was greatest in non-Hispanic Whites and patients living in counties 0-10% below poverty level. There was an overall decreased risk of all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality, but unmarried men and men living in counties >20% below poverty level showed statistically significant increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions Non-Hispanic Whites and the wealthiest subgroups had the largest increase in incidence of metastatic prostate cancer since 2008. Despite trends of decreased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality, we found certain populations experienced increases in mortality risk. Studies exploring the role of socioeconomic factors on screening and access to newer treatments are needed.
How well do U.S. western water markets convey economic information

An efficient market implies that potential gains from trade are fully captured. Achieving this requires a well-functioning market where prices reflect all available information. In the case of water rights markets, this implies that the permanent water rights transfer price reflects the sum of discounted returns to this asset (i.e., the lease price), the market interest rate, and a risk premium that reflects potential future water scarcity. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of western U.S. water markets by using the asset pricing model to measure how well prices reflect long-run returns to permanent water rights.
Cardiac and Lung Transplantation and the Right Heart

Pulmonary hypertension and right-heart dysfunction commonly accompany both advanced left-heart failure and advanced lung disease, with important implications for prognosis and management. A consistent, stepwise approach to understanding particular patient phenotypes, and the interpretation and modulation of hemodynamics, is necessary in order to optimize decision-making and outcome in patients being considered for cardiac or lung transplantation. For patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who are being considered for lung or heart-lung transplantation, multiple critical factors relating to timing of transplantation, optimal perioperative management, and particular lung allocation scheme in a given country must be carefully considered in order to optimize the outcome for these patients.
The Role of Energy Dissipation in Fluid Flows and River Mechanics

Based on the theory of irreversible thermodynamics and a number of numerical and experimental examples of fluid mechanics and water resources, energy dissipation has been shown to be the primary stabilizing force that determines the direction of change towards an equilibrium condition. Possible future research directions on the use of energy methods in dealing with complex water-resources related problems are suggested.
Boundary Layer Effects in Cracked Bodies: An Engineering Assessment

Experimental methods of analysis and corresponding algorithms for converting data into fracture parameters were reviewed. Results obtained from applying the methods to an analysis of boundary layer effects in compact bending specimens and in moderately deep surface flaws under Mode I loading were presented. Finally, a means for incorporating the new results into linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) design rationale was suggested.
Multiplex PCR Product Detection and Discrimination

This chapter examines the current state-of-the-art multiplex PCR and diagnostic platforms that are based on multiplex PCR but contain additional features to enhance sensitivity, multiplexing capability, or ease of use. Advances that aid in the development and optimization of multiplex rtPCR-based assays, such as primer design software and novel rtPCR reagents, are also reviewed. Multiplex PCR is a technique in which the amplification and detection of two or more target DNA or RNA sequences in a single reaction are accomplished through the use of specific primers or a combination of specific primers and probes. Microarrays have been utilized to measure the levels of expression of genes, to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and to genotype organisms. Another technology that is being utilized is the reverse line-blot hybridization assay (mPCR/RLB). This method in combination with multiplex PCR has been reported to provide some benefits over microarray methods. Bead-based suspension array technology is being utilized currently for antigen-, protein-, and nucleotide-based detection assays. New technologies and new platforms for high-throughput DNA sequencing are reaching maturity and should soon be available for routine use in diagnostic laboratories. With concomitant advances in the fields of microfluidics, nucleotide and fluorescent dye chemistries, and information processing, highly multiplexed nucleic acid detection and identification technologies will gradually come to be applied in a vast range of situations in which sensitivity, specificity, and speed are indispensable.
Effect of Filament-Matrix Interdiffusion on the Fatigue Resistance of Boron-Aluminum Composites.

Abstract : The effects of diffusion across filament-matrix interfaces and the role of weak interfacial bonds on the axial fatigue resistance of boron-6061 aluminum composites were determined. Interfacial microstructures and composite fatigue resistance were compared with those previously determined for current, state-of-the-art boron-6061 aluminum composites. It was concluded that (a) the fracture behavior of the SiC coating on coated boron-filaments preferentially degrades the low-cycle fatigue resistance of composites, (b) the fatigue resistance of current, state-of-the-art boron-6061 aluminum composites can be improved substantially, (c) weak interfacial bonds extend the fatigue life of boron-6061 aluminum composites, and (d) increased diffusion penetration across boron-6061 aluminum interfaces shortens composite fatigue life by a detectable but minimal amount. (Author)
Measuring Attention and Strategic Behavior in Games with Private Information

In experiments, people do not always appear to think very strategically or to infer the information of others from their choices. We report experimental results in games of private information with three information states, which vary in strategic complexity. \Mousetracking" is used to record which game payos subjects look at, for how long, to learn more about the thinking process. Subjects often deviate from Nash equilibrium choices, converge only modestly toward equilibrium across 40 trials, and often fail to look at payos which they need to in order to compute an equilibrium response. Theories
Which Weighted Composition Operators are Complex Symmetric

Recent work by several authors has revealed the existence of many unexpected classes of normal weighted composition operators. On the other hand, it is known that every normal operator is a complex symmetric operator. We therefore undertake the study of complex symmetric weighted composition operators, identifying several new classes of such operators.
Murine prenatal expression of cholecystokinin in neural crest, enteric neurons, and enteroendocrine cells.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a regulatory peptide that is primarily expressed in two adult cell types: endocrine cells of the intestine and neurons of the central nervous system. To determine the ontogeny of CCK expression during intestinal organogenesis, we created a mouse strain in which the CCK gene was replaced by a lacZ reporter cassette using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Initially, CCK expression in the developing intestine was limited to the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system. This expression pattern was widespread, extending from the proximal stomach into the colon, yet transient, being detected soon after gut tube closure [embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5)] through E15.5. Since enteric neurons are derived from the neural crest, we examined earlier (E8.5–9.5) embryos and concluded that lacZ was expressed in subpopulations of neural tube and neural crest cells. Endocrine cell expression in the intestinal epithelium occurred later, beginning at E15.5 as enteric neuronal expression was dwindling. This expression persisted to yield the adult pattern of scattered single endocrine cells in the upper small intestine. The data show that CCK is a very early marker of both neuronal and endocrine cell lineages in the developing gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that CCK receptor transcripts were detected in embryos as early as E10.5, suggesting that CCK signaling is established early in mouse development. Dev Dyn 1999;216:190–200. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nonobese diabetic mice have diminished gallbladder motility and shortened crystal observation time

Diabetes and obesity are strongly associated and are risk factors for cholesterol gallstone disease. Leptinde ficient and leptin-resistant diabetic obese mice have enlarged, hypomotile gallbladders. In addition, bile from gallbladders of leptin-deficient mice has enhanced cholesterol crystal formation, whereas bile from gallbladders of leptin-resistant mice has delayed crystal observation time. To determine the effect of diabetes alone, we hypothesized that leptin-normal, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice would have reduced biliary motility and rapid crystal formation. Twenty control and 9 prediabetic and 11 diabetic NOD, 12- to 26-week-old mice underwent glucose measurement and cholecystectomy for muscle bath stimulation with neurotransmitters. An additional group of 200 control and 78 NOD 12-week-old mice underwent microscopic bile examination for cholesterol crystal formation. Compared with control mice, prediabetic NOD mice had similar glucose levels and gallbladder volumes. Diabetic NOD mice had higher sugar levels and larger gallbladder volumes (P < 0.001) than control mice. Prediabetic NOD gallbladders had less contractility (P < 0.01) than control gallbladders, and contractility worsened (P < 0.01) in diabeticNODmice.NODmice formed cholesterol crystals earlier than did control mice (P<0.05). Nonobese diabetic NOD mice have (1) decreased gallbladder contraction to neurotransmitters, which worsens with development of diabetes, and (2) rapid crystal formation. We conclude that diabetes alone alters gallbladder motility and cholesterol crystal formation.
Functional characterization of Yersinia pestis aerobic glycerol metabolism.

Yersinia pestis biovar Orientalis isolates have lost the capacity to ferment glycerol. Herein we provide experimental validation that a 93 bp in-frame deletion within the glpD gene encoding the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase present in all biovar Orientalis strains is sufficient to disrupt aerobic glycerol fermentation. Furthermore, the inability to ferment glycerol is often insured by a variety of additional mutations within the glpFKX operon which prevents glycerol internalization and conversion to glycerol-3-phosphate. The physiological impact of functional glpFKX in the presence of dysfunctional glpD was assessed. Results demonstrate no change in growth kinetics at 26 °C and 37 °C. Mutants deficient in glpD displayed decreased intracellular accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a characterized inhibitor of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) activation. Since CRP is rigorously involved in global regulation Y. pestis virulence, we tested a possible influence of a single glpD mutation on virulence. Nonetheless, subcutaneous and intranasal murine challenge was not impacted by glycerol metabolism. As quantified by crystal violet assay, biofilm formation of the glpD-deficient KIM6+ mutant was mildly repressed; whereas, chromosomal restoration of glpD in CO92 resulted in a significant increase in biofilm formation.
Electrical properties of sol-gel PZT thin films for decoupling capacitor applications

The successful development of PZT thin films for decoupling capacitor devices places stringent requirements on the dielectric and leakage properties of the films. The authors have characterized these properties for PZT thin films with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary prepared by a sol-gel process. Capacitors were fabricated from films with thicknesses varying from 0.4 to 1.2 {mu}m. For zero applied bias, the dielectric constants of these films were in the range of 800 to 1200. The room temperature dielectric constant was observed to decrease by {approximately}25% with the application of a 5 V bias. They have also characterized the interrelationships between temperature, applied bias, and dielectric constant. The capacitors exhibited asymmetry in their leakage and breakdown characteristics with bias sign, as well as non-linear I-V behavior. Breakdown fields for undoped PZT 53/47 films were typically in the range of 750 kV/cm. They have also studied the effects of La and Nb donor doping on the leakage behavior of PZT 50/50 thin films. Doping with 2 to 5 mol % of either La or Nb resulted in a reduction in film leakage current by a factor of 10{sup 3}. Leakage currents of the highly doped materials were approximately 2 {times}more » 10{sup {minus}9} A/cm{sup 2} under an applied field of {approximately}65 kV/cm at a temperature of 125{degrees}C.« less
Autogeneic skull bone grafts to reconstruct large or complex skull defects in children and adolescents.

Autogeneic split or free skull bone grafts harvested at the time of operation were used to repair large or complex skull defects in 19 children; in 2 children, autogeneic fresh rib grafts were also used. Follow-up examinations for periods of 1 and 7 years showed that the use of autogeneic grafts is
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract Although solid gold is often considered chemically inert, it has been shown that, in the form of nanometer-size particles, it is capable of promoting many catalytic reactions. This behavior is typified by the ease with which catalysts made out of gold nanoparticles dispersed on titania supports oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide around room temperature. Here, we report on a unique gold/titania-based catalyst that, in addition to such room temperature catalysis, displays a second active regime at much lower temperatures, as low as 120 K. We show that this new catalytic regime follows a mechanism different to that operative at room temperature, involving at least two titania-adsorbed CO species and a synergy between the uptake of CO and O 2 on the surface. New titanate sites, formed upon treatment of catalysts made out of dispersing Au nanoparticles on amorphous titania with NaOH, appear to be responsible for the opening of this new reaction channel.
Gas microsensors using cyclic voltammetry with a cermet electrochemical cell

The sensing characteristics of a cermet electrochemical cell, expressed as NiO|Pt|solid electrolyte|Pt were investigated by applying cyclic voltammetry to the Pt electrodes and measuring changes in ionic current through the solid electrolyte. Features of the current-voltage response (voltammograms) appear to depend uniquely on the type of gas exposed to the cell surface and the solid electrolyte material used. The novel sensors can selectively detect O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2}, and a variety of hydrocarbons. Performance characteristics such as selectivity, sensitivity, speed of response, and temperature dependence were also reported.
Analogic Kinship: A Daribi Example

Kin relationship may be approached in the traditional manner as the classification or the sociopolitical “relating” of genealogically differentiated relatives, or it may be seen as the purposive differentiation of relational categories to compel a “flow” of analogical “relatedness” among them. Analysis of a New Guinea relational system in the latter terms, beginning with the “interdict” on relations with the wife's mother, reveals a set of operant concepts for the understanding of kinship in symbolic terms, as well as a set of general conclusions as to the nature of kinship.
Sub-barrier fusion induced by neutron-rich radioactive 132Sn

Evaporation residue cross-sections measured with short-lived 132Sn on 64Ni at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier were found to be enhanced as compared to those measured with stable Sn isotopes on 64Ni. Subsequent measurements of fission following fusion of 132Sn with 64Ni and extending the measurement of evaporation residues to higher energies were carried out.
Optimizing Antibody Panels for Efficient and Cost-Effective Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia

Background: Differentiating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) determines effective patient management and often depends on flow cytometry. Antibodies used in flow cytometry are costly, and the expenses are not always reimbursed. Having observed that AML and ALL have distinct patterns in the CD45/SSC panel, we set to analyze more leukemia cases and establish an algorithm for the efficient diagnosis of acute leukemia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 127 consecutive cases of acute leukemia within the last 2 years and correlated the blast distribution patterns in the CD45/SSC panel, with the morphology and the detailed immunophenotype. Results: Our results show that all the acute leukemias can be initially triaged into AML, ALL, and Indeterminate provisional groups based on the blast distribution patterns in the CD45/SSC panel and morphology. Each group was then further analyzed with tailored AML, ALL, and Indeterminate flow panels. Using this approach, we have efficiently and correctly diagnosed almost all the acute leukemias. Our analysis also determined the minimal numbers of immunological markers needed for the lineage assignment of acute leukemia. Conclusion: The algorithmic approach with tailored subsequent antibody selection could maintain diagnostic accuracy while significantly reducing reagent use, labor, and time. With a shrinking reimbursement for flow cytometric studies, an increase in laboratory efficiency without compromising diagnostic accuracy or turnaround time will contribute to preserving revenue and optimizing clinical service. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Relationship between diffractive peaks of elastic and excitation processes

Abstract By considering the anisotropy of the decay distributions of excited clusters, or equivalently their spins, in the diffractive excitation model, we show how the forward peak of the differential cross section for excitation is broadened. Furthermore, it is shown through unitarity how the elastic peak is sharpened. An algebraic relation between the slopes is derived. In a self-consistent model, the excitation slope for large cluster masses is half the elastic slope.
676 RELATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TO PLASMA AND CELL AMINO ACID POOLS IN NEONATES

The concurrent relationships of protein synthesis (PS) to birthweight (BWT), gestational age (GA), intracellular (IC) and plasma (P) amino acid (AA) levels and glycolytic enzyme activities are unknown, but relevant to nutrition of the neonate. Neutrophils, used as the cell model, were isolated from 1–2 ml blood of 63 infants 27-44 weeks post-conceptual age. PS(3H-leucine incorp., pmoles/hr/mg DNA), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activities, and 19 AA in the leukocytes (nmoles/mg DNA) and plasma (nmoles/ml) were quantified (HPLC, fluorometric detection). The differences in PS between SGA, LGA and AGA infants were not statistically significant (p>0.05), so were pooled. Stepwise multiple regression (SMR) analysis selected only two PAA (ILE, ALA) to account for a significant (p=0.04), but small proportion, 11%, of the variance (R2) in PS, but R2 for 6 ICAA (LEU, MET, LYS, HIS, GLY, ALA) was 32%, (p=0.001). Further SMR selected sets of 4-6 plasma AA which predicted the levels of each ICAA predictor of PS(R2=0.2-0.5, p<0.04-0.0001). PK and PFK activities also correlated with PS(p=0.005, and p=0.0003, respectively). PFK, the major regulating enzyme in glycolysis, and PS correlated negatively with BWT and GA. The smaller and more preterm the infant the higher the rate of PS and PFK activity. Further, PS was predicted by a combination of ICAA, each of which in turn was predicted by specific sets of PAA levels. These data suggest that it may be feasible to indirectly regulate ICAA and the rate of PS, and possibly glycolysis, in neonates by selective alteration of PAA composition.
Application of Sphagnum Peat, Calcium Carbonate, and Hydrated Lime for Immobilizing Uranium Tailings Leachate

Batch experiments, mineralogical studies, and geochemical modeling were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of sphagnum peat, calcium carbonate, and hydrated lime in removing dissolved concentrations of As, Mo, NO3, and U present in uranium-tailings pore water at Gunnison, Colorado. Amounts of As, Mo, and U removal by sphagnum peat, calcium carbonate, and hydrated lime at 5.0, 2.5, and 2.5 wt.%, respectively, were typically above 97 %. Nitrate removal ranged between 55 and 80 %. Significant contaminant removal was achieved by sphagnum peat alone at pH 3.18. Addition of 2.5 wt.% calcium carbonate to the sphagnum peat-tailings system resulted in formation of soluble uranyl carbonato complexes, which decreased the amount of U(VI) fixed onto sphagnum peat by a factor of 2. Addition of 2.5 wt.% hydrated lime to the acidic tailings increased Mo concentrations by a factor of 2 under moderately alkaline conditions (pH 12). During neutralization of tailings-pore water, precipitation of ferric oxyhydroxides may provide additional removal of As, Mo, and U(VI) from solution through adsorption and coprecipitation processes.
Compound radiating slots in a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide

An analysis is presented of the characteristics of a broad wall radiating slot, offset from the center line and tilted with respect to the longitudinal axis of a rectangular waveguide. Pertinent integral equations are developed, taking into account finite wall thickness, and are solved for the slot aperture E-field using the method of moments. Compound slot characteristics are then deduced, including resonant length and dominant mode scattering. Numerical results for the scattering from resonant slots are presented over a range of offsets, tilt angles, frequencies and waveguide dimensions. For resonant compound slots, offset and tilt are shown to control the aperture electric-field amplitude with a phase variability of 360 degrees . The results have significant applications in the design of compound slot arrays. >
Reduction by hydrogen transfer processes. IV - Reduction of unsaturated α,β-ketones with formic acid-triethylamine and palladium supported catalysts

Abstract The results obtained for the hydrogenation of unsaturated α,β-ketones and of methyl cinnamate with HOOC/Et 3 N on palladium catalysts supported on AlPO 4 , SiO 2 and SiO 2 -AlPO 4 are reported. The catalysts were synthesized by ion exchange, taking into account the isoelectric point of the supports. The reduction of unsaturated α,β-carbonylic compounds leads to the exclusive hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond. The ease of reduction appears to depend on the steric and electrical effects caused by the substituents of the compound as much in the case of carbonylic carbon as in that of β-olefinic carbon, which suggests that the mechanism of hydrogenation takes place through an adsorbed 1,4-intermediate of the dienic system on the metal.
A self-fulfilling prophecy in a competitive psychomotor task

Abstract Fifty-six pairs of male college students competed in games of electronic table tennis. The participants were led to expect a bias in the game equipment, such that one player would have an advantage and the other a disadvantage. All participants recorded levels of aspiration both before and after being informed of the alleged bias. Upon completion of the game, the subjects made ratings of causal attribution to five factors: ability, task difficulty, effort, luck, and equipment bias. The results showed that the students with the putative disadvantage set significantly lower aspiration levels and performed at a significantly lower level than those students with the supposed advantage. Thus the putative bias became a real bias, although a psychological rather than a physical one. It is suggested that the source of the bias and the performance differences was a self-fulfilling prophecy. In contrast to the results of earlier studies, there were no meaningful differences in ratings of causal attribution.
Characterization and improvement of field CD uniformity for implementation of 0.15-μm technology device using KrF stepper

xAs the design rule of semiconductor device shrinks, the field CD uniformity gets more important. For mass production of 0.15 μm technology device using KrF stepper having 0.63NA, the improvement of field CD uniformity was one of key issues because field CD uniformity is directly related to device characteristics in some layers. We have experienced steppers that show poor illumination uniformity. With those steppers there was large CD difference of about 10nm between field center and field edges as shown in Figure 1. Although we were using verified reticles, we could not get an acceptable CD uniformity in a field with those steppers. The Field CD uniformity is dominantly dependent of the illumination uniformity of stepper and mask quality. With these optimization, we could control DICD difference between field center and edge to be less than 5nm. In this paper, we characterized the dependency of field CD uniformity according to illumination systems with stepper and scanner, annular illumination uniformity at various stigma, mask CD uniformity and the several types of novel gray filter specifically developed.
p53 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence

The importance of the p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage is well known, but its function during steady-state hematopoiesis has not been established. We have defined a critical role of p53 in regulating hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, especially in promoting the enhanced quiescence seen in HSCs that lack the MEF/ELF4 transcription factor. Transcription profiling of HSCs isolated from wild-type and p53 null mice identified Gfi-1 and Necdin as p53 target genes, and using lentiviral vectors to upregulate or knockdown the expression of these genes, we show their importance in regulating HSC quiescence. Establishing the role of p53 (and its target genes) in controlling the cell-cycle entry of HSCs may lead to therapeutic strategies capable of eliminating quiescent cancer (stem) cells.
Human immunodeficiency virus–associated vision loss: electroretinogram attenuation

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a 35-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bilateral progressive decrease in vision thought to be caused by HIV optic neuropathy but associated with a severe attenuation of the electroretinogram. METHODS: Case report, review of laboratory studies, visual fields, and electroretinogram. RESULTS: Visual function deteriorated in an asymmetric fashion over 9 months of follow-up and continued to deteriorate, even when the patient had no detectable viral load. No evidence of cytomegalovirus retinitis or HIV retinopathy was present. An electroretinogram showed severe attenuation of both rod and cone-mediated functions. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to producing retinal ganglion cell axonal degeneration, HIV may also damage the other retinal elements. The progression of visual loss in the absence of detectable virus has implications for the pathogenesis and prognosis of HIV-associated vision loss.
The perfect queer appositeness of Jack Smith

(2001). The perfect queer appositeness of Jack Smith. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 39-52.
Mass spectroscopic characterization of protein modification by 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-(E)-nonenal.

The modification of proteins by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) was investigated using mass spectroscopic approaches. Electrospray ionization MS analysis of HNE- and ONE-treated myoglobin and apomyoglobin revealed that the latter more “open” protein structure resulted in more extensive modification. Reductive methylation of Lys residues halved the extent of modification, implicating the importance of adduction of HNE and ONE to both His and Lys residues. HPLC−MS/MS analysis of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of HNE- or ONE-adducted apomyoglobin was aided by the knowledge of structures previously elucidated through model reactions. In the case of HNE, the adducts detected were the HNE−His Michael adduct (on H24, H36, H64, and H113), its dehydrated form (on H36), and the HNE−Lys pyrrole adduct (on K16, K42, K45, K145, and K147). In the case of the more reactive ONE, the adducts detected were the ONE−His Michael adduct (on H24), the ONE−Lys pyrrolinone adduct (on K16 and K145), and the ...
Metagenomic analysis of lysogeny in Tampa Bay: implications for prophage gene expression.

Phage integrase genes often play a role in the establishment of lysogeny in temperate phage by catalyzing the integration of the phage into one of the host's replicons. To investigate temperate phage gene expression, an induced viral metagenome from Tampa Bay was sequenced by 454/Pyrosequencing. The sequencing yielded 294,068 reads with 6.6% identifiable. One hundred-three sequences had significant similarity to integrases by BLASTX analysis (e≤0.001). Four sequences with strongest amino-acid level similarity to integrases were selected and real-time PCR primers and probes were designed. Initial testing with microbial fraction DNA from Tampa Bay revealed 1.9×107, and 1300 gene copies of Vibrio-like integrase and Oceanicola-like integrase L−1 respectively. The other two integrases were not detected. The integrase assay was then tested on microbial fraction RNA extracted from 200 ml of Tampa Bay water sampled biweekly over a 12 month time series. Vibrio-like integrase gene expression was detected in three samples, with estimated copy numbers of 2.4-1280 L−1. Clostridium-like integrase gene expression was detected in 6 samples, with estimated copy numbers of 37 to 265 L−1. In all cases, detection of integrase gene expression corresponded to the occurrence of lysogeny as detected by prophage induction. Investigation of the environmental distribution of the two expressed integrases in the Global Ocean Survey Database found the Vibrio-like integrase was present in genome equivalents of 3.14% of microbial libraries and all four viral metagenomes. There were two similar genes in the library from British Columbia and one similar gene was detected in both the Gulf of Mexico and Sargasso Sea libraries. In contrast, in the Arctic library eleven similar genes were observed. The Clostridium-like integrase was less prevalent, being found in 0.58% of the microbial and none of the viral libraries. These results underscore the value of metagenomic data in discovering signature genes that play important roles in the environment through their expression, as demonstrated by integrases in lysogeny.
A Comparison of Ultra-High–Molecular Weight Polyethylene Cable and Stainless Steel Wire using Two Fixation Techniques for Repair of Equine Midbody Sesamoid Fractures: An In Vitro Biomechanical Study

Objective— To compare the monotonic tensile and fatigue strength of 16-gauge stainless steel wire (SSW) to ultra-high–molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) cable using a transfixed cerclage technique in an in vitro midbody sesamoid osteotomy model. Endoscopic modifications to Martins transfixed cerclage technique were developed. A new suture technique of fixation was compared with the transfixed cerclage technique by measuring gap formation after cyclic testing. Study design— An in vitro biomechanical paired equine cadaver limb study. Sample population— Twenty-one paired cadaveric adult equine forelimbs. Methods— Uniaxial medial midbody sesamoid osteotomies were created in paired adult equine forelimbs. Monotonic tensile strength was measured on 10 forelimbs repaired by a transfixed cerclage technique using wire or cable. Fatigue testing to failure was performed on 4 forelimbs repaired using the transfixed cerclage technique by cycling the limbs between 500 N and 2,000 N. The limbs were initially repaired with wire, cycled until the wire broke, then repaired with cable and cycled again to failure. Fatigue testing for gap displacement was performed on 8 limbs repaired with either the transfixed cerclage technique or the suture technique. Limbs were cycled between 500 N and 2,000 N for 10,000 cycles. The limbs were repaired with wire initially, tested, and then repaired with cable and tested again. Twenty-two limbs were used for mechanical testing. The remaining limbs (20) were used to develop and practice the endoscopic transfixed cerclage (10 limbs) and suture (10 limbs) techniques. Results— Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of UHMWPE cable constructs was 34% greater than the UTS of SSW constructs. Fatigue strength was 2 to 20 times greater for UHMWPE cable constructs than SSW constructs. Separation of fragments was 153% less for limbs repaired by the suture technique compared with those repaired by the transfixed cerclage technique. Conclusions— UHMWPE cable shows promise for this clinical application because of its greater tensile and fatigue strength. The newly described suture technique significantly reduced gap formation compared with the transfixed cerclage technique. Osteotomy gap formation occurred early in cycling, suggesting that rigid support in the form of a cast may be needed during the early postoperative period for wiring techniques. Clinical relevance— Clinical testing of UHMWPE cable should eliminate problems of wire breakage seen with SSW. The endoscopic transfixed cerclage technique can be used by surgeons familiar with arthroscopic surgery. However, the suture technique needs to be tested in vivo to determine whether there is a clinical advantage compared with the transfixed cerclage technique.