cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Preschool Children's Pretend Play: Preliminary Validation of the Affect in Play Scale-Preschool Version

Research Findings: A description of the development and preliminary validation of the Affect in Play Scale-Preschool version (APS-P) is presented by demonstrating associations among preschool children's play, creativity, and daily behavior using multiple methodologies. Thirty-three preschool-age children completed a standardized 5-minute play task and a measure of creativity. Teachers answered questions about children's daily play behavior, affective expression, social competence, and adjustment. Good interrater reliability and internal consistency were demonstrated for the APS-P. Affect expression and fantasy in 5 minutes of play were related to theoretically and empirically relevant constructs such as daily play behavior, creativity, and social competence. Practice or Policy: Results support the use of the APS-P as a potentially valuable tool for assessing developments and changes in both affective and cognitive dimensions of preschool children's play.
Zinc Inhibition of Mitochondrial Aconitase and Its Importance in Citrate Metabolism of Prostate Epithelial Cells

Prostate epithelial cells possess a uniquely limiting mitochondrial (m-) aconitase activity that minimizes their ability to oxidize citrate. These cells also possess uniquely high cellular and mitochondrial zinc levels. Correlations among zinc, citrate, and m-aconitase in prostate indicated that zinc might be an inhibitor of prostate m-aconitase activity and citrate oxidation. The present studies reveal that zinc at near physiological levels inhibited m-aconitase activity of mitochondrial sonicate preparations obtained from rat ventral prostate epithelial cells. Corresponding studies conducted with mitochondrial sonicates of rat kidney cells revealed that zinc also inhibited the kidney m-aconitase activity. However the inhibitory effect of zinc was more sensitive with the prostate m-aconitase activity. Zinc inhibition fit the competitive inhibitor model. The inhibitory effect of zinc occurred only with citrate as substrate and was specific for the citrate --> cis-aconitate reaction. Other cations (Ca2+, Mn2+, Cd2+) did not result in the inhibitory effects obtained with zinc. The presence of endogenous zinc inhibited the m-aconitase activity of the prostate mitochondrial preparations. Kidney preparations that contain lower endogenous zinc levels exhibited no endogenous inhibition of m-aconitase activity. Studies with pig prostate and seminal vesicle mitochondrial preparations also revealed that zinc was a competitive inhibitor against citrate of m-aconitase activity. The effects of zinc on purified beef heart m-aconitase verified the competitive inhibitor action of zinc. In contrast, zinc had no inhibitory effect on purified cytosolic aconitase. These studies reveal for the first time that zinc is a specific inhibitor of m-aconitase of mammalian cells. In prostate epithelial cells, in situ mitochondrial zinc levels inhibit m-aconitase activity, which provides a mechanism by which citrate oxidation is limited.
Teaching programming on a mobile device

From paper to computers, the way we have been writing down thoughts and performing symbolic computations has been constantly evolving. Teaching methods closely follow this trend, leveraging existing technology to make teaching more effective and preparing students for their later careers with available technologies. At present, we are in the middle of another technology shift: instead of using PCs and laptops, mobile devices are becoming more prevalent for most everyday computing tasks. We propose that computer programming, and thus the teaching of programming, can and should be done directly on the mobile devices themselves, without the need for a separate PC to write code. Programming on mobile devices engages students in new ways, allowing them to access and manipulate programmatically their most personal digital data such as pictures, videos, and music in an easy and intuitive way.The poster highlights opportunities and challenges of teaching and learning in the context of TouchDevelop, and writing programs on mobile devices in general. The poster will depict data from surveys conducted before and after class with students learning to program for the very first time. The poster will also introduce teaching and learning resources available to teachers.TouchDevelop is freely available as an app in the Windows Phone Marketplace and is supported by a book, slides, tutorials and many sample programs. See www.touchdevelop.com.
The influence of the ion flux density on the properties of molybdenum films deposited from the vapour phase under simultaneous argon ion irradiation

Molybdenum was deposited from the vapour phase onto fused quartz and alumina at room temperature under simultaneous irradiation with energetic argon ions with different ion flux densities. It was observed that increasing ion irradiation intensity lead to a slight increase in grain size, to a reduction in oxygen incorporation from the residual gas, and to argon ion implantation. As a result, a strong reduction in resistivity was observed. On iron substrates, electrochemical polarization measurements showed a reduction in microporosity.
Construction of high order maps for large proton accelerators

A sample perturbation method for using a truncated CBH theorem to calculate the nonlinear generator for one turn maps is proposed. The author argues that such maps should give accurate long-term dynamic apertures for proton colliders such as the SSC (Superconducting Super Collider) and LHC (Large Hadron Collider). >
A model for the /spl alpha/-profile multimode optical fiber channel: a linear systems approach

In this paper, a linear systems model for the /spl alpha/-profile class of multimode optical fibers is proposed and investigated, The modeling approach is rooted in results obtained by Gloge, et al, and is augmented by the application of basic principles from linear systems theory. Propagation losses and modal mixing were not considered in the model, owing to the superior quality of current optical fiber technology. Intermodal dispersion was the major source of dispersion considered in the model; effects due to waveguide and material dispersion were minimized by imposing a narrowband transmission assumption. Both the field transfer function and the corresponding field impulse response were calculated in a small neighborhood around the optimum value of the core parameter /spl alpha/. Results from this investigation, to the extent possible, were compared to those found by Gloge et al, and were found to be in agreement. >
Energy conversion using thermoacoustic devices

Thermoacoustic engines offer the possibility for simple and efficient energy conversion devices. They can be prime movers where heat produces sound or heat pumps and refrigerators where sound pumps heat. An important element in such engines is the secondary thermodynamic medium, the stack which provide the phasing between heat transfer and pressure changes at acoustical frequencies. Other elements are a resonator, working fluid (usually a gas), heat exchangers and a driver or source of heat. Similar to thermoelectric devices, the engines require a temperature difference for their operation and when run in a conjugate mode they produce a temperature difference. They are interesting because they are simple and they have essentially no moving parts.
Determination of phases of generalized Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements from their magnitudes.

For an N-generation Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix having the property that matrix elements decrease rapidly with increasing generation change, we show by construction that knowledge of the moduli of all elements is sufficient, up to a discrete ambiguity, to determine all phase information.
Reciprocal insurance among Kenyan pastoralists

In large areas of low and locally variable rainfall in East Africa, pastoralism is the only viable activity, and cattle are at risk of reduced milk output and even death in dry periods. The herders were no- madic, but following the Kenyan government's scheme of giving titles to group ranches, they are evolving reciprocity arrangements where a group suffering a dry period can send some of its cattle to graze on lands of another group that has better weather. We model such institutions using a repeated game framework. As these contracts are informal, we characterize schemes that are optimal subject to a self-enforcement or
Fenología de la gametogénesis, madurez de conceptáculos, fertilidad y embriogénesis en Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot (Phaeophyta, Durvillaeales)

Durvillaea antarctica se caracteriza por presentar al igual que los representantes de las Fucales, una historia de vida sin generacion gametofita de vida libre y por poseer reproduccion oogama. En este trabajo mediante el uso de tecnicas de microscopia optica, se describe la fenologia de la gametogenesis, estados de madurez de los conceptaculos, fertilidad y embriogenesis de D. antarctica de caleta Montemar Chile central (32o 57`S � 71o 33`W). De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, las etapas de la gametogenesis son indicadoras del estado de madurez de los conceptaculos y el numero de estratos de conceptaculos senala el numero de periodos reproductivos de los ejemplares. En un seguimiento anual la poblacion intermareal de D. antarctica presento un periodo vegetativo y/o reposo reproductivo en verano y una dinamica de maduracion y fertilidad desde otono a principios de primavera; en estos ejemplares los conceptaculos estuvieron dispuestos en un estrato (98%). Especimenes recolectados en una varazon invernal presentaron estados vegetativos y reproductivos propios de la madurez y fertilidad con 1 (61%), 2 (36%) y 3 (3%) estratos de conceptaculos, que indican diferencias con la poblacion intermareal relacionadas al numero de periodos reproductivos y a la probable existencia en los ejemplares varados de un componente de frondas submareales, hecho que amerita efectuar en estas ultimas estudios fenologicos similares a los de la poblacion intermareal. La informacion obtenida completa la historia de vida de D. antarctica y proporciona bases biologicas para su manejo y futuro cultivo. D. antarctica es uno de los recursos algales chilenos importante como alimento y materia prima para la industria de alginatos.
Comparative measurements on LaBr/sub 3/(Ce) and LaCl/sub 3/(Ce) scintillators coupled to PSPMT

We present the results of energy resolution measurements at 662 keV for a LaBr/sub 3/ crystal (3.67%) and a 6/spl times/6 array of LaCl/sub 3/ crystals (4.65%) coupled to a 5" diameter Hamamatsu PSPMT, and compare them to measurements on arrays of NaI (7.37%) and BGO (16.07%). The raw spectra obtained using the full PSPMT area were less impressive due to the well-known position-dependent sensitivity of the PSPMT. The raw energy resolution of the total area of LaCl/sub 3/ without collimation is poor (13%) but it is much improved by position dependent gain correction (5.85%). To avoid this complication, the spectra were acquired using a well-collimated source focused upon a small area of the detector. 2D flood-field radiation images from those scintillators were also obtained. The position distortion due to the light spreading in the scintillator and the non-uniformity of the PSPMT were corrected by several methods. Gaussian fitting was found to be superior to other methods but at the expense of increased processing time.
Real-time PCR of single bacterial cells on an array of adhering droplets

Real-time PCR at the single bacterial cell level is an indispensable tool to quantitatively reveal the heterogeneity of isogenetic cells. Conventional PCR platforms that utilize microtiter plates or PCR tubes have been widely used, but their large reaction volumes are not suited for sensitive single-cell analysis. Microfluidic devices provide high density, low volume PCR chambers, but they are usually expensive and require dedicated equipment to manipulate liquid and perform detection. To address these limitations, we developed an inexpensive chip-level device that is compatible with a commercial real-time PCR thermal cycler to perform quantitative PCR for single bacterial cells. The chip contains twelve surface-adhering droplets, defined by hydrophilic patterning, that serve as real-time PCR reaction chambers when they are immersed in oil. A one-step process that premixed reagents with cell medium before loading was applied, so no on-chip liquid manipulation and DNA purification were needed. To validate its application for genetic analysis, Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells were loaded on the chip from 1000 cells to one cell per droplet, and their 16S rRNA gene (two copies per cell) was analyzed on a commercially available ABI StepOne real-time PCR thermal cycler. The result showed that the device is capable of genetic analysis at single bacterial cell level with Cq standard deviation less than 1.05 cycles. The successful rate of this chip-based operation is more than 85% at the single bacterial cell level.
High assurance systems engineering

Summary form only given, as follows. As we aim to develop more and more complex software systems for real time applications, the concern about their safety and reliability is also growing. In the author's opinion, development of these systems require more formal approaches than the development of a general purpose software system. We can draw our analogy from hardware engineering for which we know that in order to develop high performance systems, we must focus on designing highly specialized hardware which has rather little reusability for any other general purpose computation. We provide some critic on various design approaches of such systems.
Structured models and dynamic systems analysis: the integration of the IDEF0/IDEF3 modeling methods and discrete event simulation

The role of modeling and simulation is receiving much press of late. However, the lack of practice in employing a link between the two is alarming. A static model is used to understand an enterprise or a system, and simulation is used for dynamic analysis. Generally, most models are considered static, whereas simulation is really a dynamic model. Static models are useful in achieving understanding of the enterprise. Simulations are useful in analyzing the behavior of the enterprise. Most enterprises develop and even maintain multiple types of models for different purposes. If a single model can be used to drive other modeling purposes, then model maintenance and development could be reduced. This paper describes the procedure necessary to use a static representation as the primary input for an animated simulation. It presents the additional steps necessary to annotate a static model for input to a dynamic model. Two commercial suites, WorkFlow Modeler™ to ServiceModel™ and ProSim™ to WITNESS™, are compared and contrasted based on the respective ease of conversion from the static model to the dynamic model. Any user who purchases these products can follow the steps described in this paper for either of these product suites to generate a simulation from a static model. Finally, some general observations of using an existing IDEF (0 or 3) model to create a working simulation are presented along with conclusions.
Individuals with transtibial limb loss use interlimb force asymmetries to maintain multi-directional reactive balance control☆

Abstract Background Deficits in balance control are one of the most common and serious mobility challenges facing individuals with lower limb loss. Yet, dynamic postural balance control among individuals with lower limb loss remains poorly understood. Here we examined the kinematics and kinetics of dynamic balance in individuals with unilateral transtibial limb loss. Methods Five individuals with unilateral transtibial limb loss, and five age- and gender-matched controls completed a series of randomly applied multi-directional support surface translations. Whole-body metrics, e.g. peak center-of-mass displacement and net center-of-pressure displacement were compared across cohorts. Stability margin was computed as the difference between peak center-of-pressure and center-of-mass displacement. Additionally, center-of-pressure and ground reaction force magnitude and direction were compared between the prosthetic, intact, and control legs. Findings Peak center-of-mass displacement and stability margin did not differ between individuals with transtibial limb loss and controls for all perturbation directions except those loading only the prosthetic leg; in such cases the stability margin was actually larger than controls. Despite similar center-of-mass displacement, greater center-of-pressure displacement was observed in the intact leg during anterior–posterior perturbations, and under the prosthetic leg in medial–lateral perturbations. Further, in the prosthetic leg, ground reaction forces were smaller and spanned fewer directions. Interpretation Deficits in balance control among individuals with transtibial limb loss may be due to their inability to use their prosthetic leg to generate forces that are equal in magnitude and direction to those of unimpaired adults. Targeting this force-generating deficit through technological or rehabilitation innovations may improve balance control.
Measurement of reaction time in the home for people with dementia: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND Cognitive decline is the cardinal symptom of dementia. Accurate measurement of changes in cognition, while essential for testing interventions to slow cognitive decline, can be challenging in people with dementia (PWD). For example, the laboratory environment may cause anxiety and negatively affect performance. MATERIAL AND METHOD In healthy people, researchers measure one aspect of cognition, attention, via assessing reaction times in a laboratory environment. This repeated-measures study investigated the feasibility of reaction time measurement in participants' homes using the computerized psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) for PWD. Research questions were (a) Can laboratory controls be replicated in the home? (b) Where do PWD perform PVT trials optimally? and (c) What are the preferences of PWD and their caregivers? Two groups that differed by sequence of testing location completed 12 reaction time assessments over 2 days. Caregiver and person with dementia dyad preferences were examined in a follow-up phone interview. RESULTS Complete data were collected from 14 dyads. Although there were slight differences in lighting between settings, the time of day, temperature, and sound did not differ. There were no significant differences in PVT performance between the two locations, but the group who tested in the home on Day 1 performed better than the group who tested in the lab on Day 1. All participants preferred home examination. DISCUSSION It is feasible to measure reaction times in the home. Home testing contributes to optimal performance and participants preferred the home.
Full duplex speech and data coder: algorithm enhancement test bed

The authors present a bit-for-bit compatible full-duplex realization of the CCITT ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code modulation) transcoder algorithm (G.721) and a functional real-time testbed for algorithm modifications. The coder is designed around a single TMS320C25 microprocessor. They have built peripheral processing circuitry to decrease computation time and facilitate testing. The base and modified algorithms (for voice and data coding) can be selectively compared. In particular, the authors evaluate a key modification for prevention of transition errors which occur in certain FSK (frequency shift-keying) modems. >
Bari-Active: a randomized controlled trial of a preoperative intervention to increase physical activity in bariatric surgery patients

Abstract Background Habitual physical activity (PA) may help to optimize bariatric surgery outcomes; however, objective PA measures show that most patients have low PA preoperatively and make only modest PA changes postoperatively. Patients require additional support to adopt habitual PA. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a preoperative PA intervention (PAI) versus standard presurgical care (SC) for increasing daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in bariatric surgery patients. Methods Outcomes analysis included 75 participants (86.7% women; 46.0±8.9 years; body mass index [BMI] = 45.0±6.5 kg/m 2 ) who were randomly assigned preoperatively to 6 weeks of PAI (n = 40) or SC (n = 35). PAI received weekly individual face-to-face sessions with tailored instruction in behavioral strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, goal-setting) to increase home-based walking exercise. The primary outcome, pre- to postintervention change in daily bout-related (≥10 min bouts) and total (≥1 min bouts) MVPA minutes, was assessed objectively via a multisensor monitor worn for 7 days at baseline- and postintervention. Results Retention was 84% at the postintervention primary endpoint. In intent-to-treat analyses with baseline value carried forward for missing data and adjusted for baseline MVPA, PAI achieved a mean increase of 16.6±20.6 min/d in bout-related MVPA (baseline: 4.4±5.5 to postintervention: 21.0±21.4 min/d) compared to no change (−0.3±12.7 min/d; baseline: 7.9±16.6 to postintervention: 7.6±11.5 min/d) for SC ( P = .001). Similarly, PAI achieved a mean increase of 21.0±26.9 min/d in total MVPA (baseline: 30.9±21.2 to postintervention: 51.9±30.0 min/d), whereas SC demonstrated no change (−0.1±16.3 min/d; baseline: 33.7±33.2 to postintervention: 33.6±28.5 minutes/d) ( P = .001). Conclusion With behavioral intervention, patients can significantly increase MVPA before bariatric surgery compared to SC. Future studies should determine whether preoperative increases in PA can be maintained postoperatively and contribute to improved surgical outcomes.
Interactive lecture examples

A simple interactive strategy is described which minimizes note-taking, promotes student participation, and provides opportunities for cooperative learning experiences in the classroom. An illustrative example from circuit analysis is presented. >
Lipid Composition of Human Parotid Salivary Gland Stones

The parotid gland stone matrix constitutes 20.2% of the stone dry weight and contains 8.5% of lipids. Of the total lipids, 74% are represented by neutral lipids, 17% by glycolipids, and 9% by phospholipids. The neutral lipids exhibit a high content of free fatty acids (52.7%) and cholesteryl esters (31.1%). The glycolipids are composed of simple glycosphingolipids (7.1%), and of neutral and sulfated glyceroglucolipids (92.9%). Phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol are the principal constituents of the phospholipid fraction.
Vascular compliance using elasticity imaging

The elastic compliance of blood vessels is often measured on B-scans by segmenting images to track changes in vessel lumen diameter throughout the cardiac cycle. Since strain imaging measures the deformation of tissues surrounding arteries in response to pressure variations, elasticity imaging has the potential to provide robust estimates of vascular compliance. The goal of this study is to use the displacement and strain patterns surrounding a pulsing blood vessel to determine measures of vessel elasticity. The basic technique is validated using a vascular phantom and then applied in vivo to a brachial artery from a healthy volunteer.
The effects of different oral directions as to disposition of results on student ratings of college instruction

A review of the literature is presented with particular reference to design flaws in previous studies of the effect of stated purpose of evaluation upon student ratings of instruction. Special attention in this study is paid to insuring the salience of the manipulated purpose-of-evaluation variable through using different oral instructions given to college students concerning the purposes of course evaluation. Students (N=516) within each of 18 classes were divided randomly into “faculty use” and “administrative use” conditions. Data were analyzed using global course and global instructor items as dependent variables on a standard short-form rating instrument. No statistically significant effect of the independent variable on either dependent variable was found. Recommendations regarding the design of this type of investigation are discussed as well as the implications of misconceptions about student ratings held by many college faculty.
Methodological considerations in using claims databases to evaluate persistence with bisphosphonates for osteoporosis.

Objective: To demonstrate that retrospective analyses of medication persistence require careful methodological approaches to assure accuracy and consistency across various types of databases. Bisph...
Evolution of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins: novel invertebrate UCP homologues suggest early evolutionary divergence of the UCP family.

Abstract Current hypothesis about the evolution of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) proposed by Hanak and Jezek (2001) [FEBS Lett. 495, 137–141] suggests that UCP4 is the earliest form of UCP ancestral to all other UCP orthologues. However, this hypothesis is difficult to reconcile with a narrow tissue distribution of UCP4 (which is a brain-specific isoform), suggesting highly specialized rather than anfcestral function for this protein. We searched for UCP2, UCP3, and UCP5 homologues in invertebrate genomes using amplification with degenerate primers designed against UCP2-specific conserved sequences and/or BLASTP search with stringent ad hoc criteria to distinguish between homologues and orthologues of different UCPs. Our study identified invertebrate UCP homologues similar to UCP2 and 3 (which we termed UCP6) and an invertebrate homologue of UCP5. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are at least three clades of UCPs in invertebrates, which are closely related to vertebrate UCP1-3, UCP4, and UCP5, respectively, and shows early evolutionary divergence of UCPs, which pre-dates the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes. It also suggests that the newly identified UCP6 proteins from invertebrates are ancestral to the vertebrate UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3, and that divergence of these three vertebrate orthologues occurred late in evolution of the vertebrates. This study refutes the hypothesis of Hanak and Jezek (2001) that UCP4 is an ancestral form for all UCPs, and shows early evolutionary diversification of this protein family, which corresponds to their proposed functional diversity in regulation of proton leak, antioxidant defense and apoptosis.
Interstate Transport, Inc.: A Case Study in Earnings Management

This case asks student teams to make a number of accounting decisions in the context of a single company. The decisions address the allowance for bad debts, inventory valuation, depreciation lives and methods, contingency provisions, and accounting for off‐book entities. The case setting requires you to address those issues in an integrated way, and establish a rationale for the decisions required. The teamwork required illustrates the way differing personal judgments, regarding both facts and principles, enter into the determination of net income. Whether you mean to or not, your teams will be practicing “earnings management.”
Race, Gender, and the Social Construction of Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System

This article tests whether perceptions of “normal” defendants influence the use of psychiatric evaluations in the criminal justice system. The author theorizes that typifications–or taken-for-grant...
Identification of Candidate Genes for Eye Diseases: Studies on a Neural Retina-Specific Gene Encoding a Putative Dna Binding Protein of Leucine Zipper Family

We have enriched human adult retina, fetal eye (11 wk) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line cDNA libraries for tissue-specific genes using a novel biotin-based subtraction procedure 1,2. At least 70% of the random cDNA clones from the subtracted retina and RPE libraries are not constitutively expressed. To identify candidate genes for eye diseases, several novel cDNA clones from subtracted libraries (as determined by sequence comparison) are being localized to human chromosomes using PCR-assays or in situ hybridization. Expression analysis of clones from a subtracted retinal library identified a cDNA, AS321, that showed neural retina-specific expression. AS321 encodes a putative DNA binding protein of the leucine zipper family and is named NRL3. We have now isolated and characterized the NRL gene and have localized it to human chromosome 14q11.1-q11.24. Based on the gene structure, PCR primers have been designed and will be used to screen for mutations within the NRL gene in patients with retinal diseases. A polymorphic microsatellite (CA)n repeat has been identified within the NRL cosmid and should be valuable for linkage analysis.
Direct Influence of Gravity Waves on Surface-Layer Stress during a Cold Air Outbreak, as shown by Synthetic Aperture Radar

Abstract Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of oceans and the Great Lakes have provided a highly detailed means of observing atmospheric boundary layer phenomena such as convection, land breezes, and internal gravity waves. This is possible because the backscattered radiation detected by SAR can be dominated by scattering from wind-driven capillary waves whose spatial variation is visible as patterns in the SAR images. In this paper, we present two case studies in which SAR images taken over Lake Superior demonstrate spatial variability in the surface wind stress created over the lake by coincident gravity waves and boundary layer convection during cold air outbreaks. Of particular interest is the direct influence of the gravity waves on the lake-surface stress despite the intervening highly convective atmosphere as well as the detailed view of the fetch dependence of that stress.
Female Physicians and the Future of Endocrinology.

Context: Given that approximately 70% of current endocrinology fellows are women, female physicians will compose the majority of the future endocrinology workforce. This gender shift partly reflects an apparent waning of interest in endocrinology among male trainees. It also coincides with a projected shortage of endocrinologists overall. Female physicians face unique challenges in the workplace. To continue to attract trainees to the specialty and support their success, it is imperative that these challenges be recognized, understood, and addressed. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search using the terms “female physician” and “physician gender” covering the years 2000–2015 was performed. Additional references were identified through review of the citations of the retrieved articles. The following topics were identified as key to understanding the impact of this gender shift: professional satisfaction, work-life balance, income, parenthood, academic success, and patient satisfaction. Evidence Synthesis: Se...
Energy modelling: Clean grids with current technology

The need for new energy storage is often seen as an obstacle to integrating renewable electricity into national power systems. Modelling shows that existing technologies could provide significant emissions reductions in the US without the need for storage, however.
Indirect techniques for adaptive input-output linearization of non-linear systems

Abstract A technique of indirect adaptive control based on certainty equivalence for input output linearization of non-linear systems is proven convergent. It does not surfer from the overparameterization drawbacks of the direct adaptive control techniques on the same plant. This paper also contains a semi-indirect adaptive controller which has several attractive features of both the direct and indirect schemes
Coastal Erosion in North Carolina

Aerial photography and wave refraction procedures were used to study coastal erosion along the entire 330 miles of the North Carolina coast. The aerial photography method made use of measurements made at 1,400 selected stable measuring points on photographs that were taken as early as 1938. The wave refraction method made use of a computer program to obtain the refracted directions of selected incoming waves. The longshore wave energy was then converted to littoral drift through the use of an empirical equation. The results of both methods indicate the general trend in erosion. Erosion caused by major storms is a significant portion of the total erosion. This storm induced erosion is included in the results of the aerial photography method but has only a small influence on the results of the wave refraction method.
Technique as a Case-Specific Problem: Reply to Commentaries

Seligman's appreciative response to the discussions of his paper is most concerned with the issues raised in Leon Kleimberg's critique of his “modifications of technique.” The dialogue between Kleimberg's and his point of view, with the latter echoed as it in Case and Dent's and Frosch's, reflects a number of key convergences and divergences between the American relational perspective and the British Independents'. Both approaches rely on a fundamentally dyadic perspective that stresses how the analyst's work is fundamentally shaped in response to the patient's internal objects. At the same time, although he is sympathetic to Kleimberg's concerns, he questions the idea of technique as a fixed set of uncontaminated practices. Instead, he endorses the North American relational idea that whatever the analyst does in the name of “technique” cannot be extricated from the transference-countertransference in which it is implicated. From this point of view, technical decisions are most likely to be experienced by...
Mixed Public-Private Speech and the Establishment Clause

Determining responsibility for speech is important for two reasons: to address rights to forum access and to identify whether Establishment Clause limits apply. Private speakers may demand rights of access to a public forum, and in such a forum they may articulate their message free from viewpoint restrictions. Private speech, moreover, is not subject to Establishment Clause limits. If the speech is government speech, the Free Speech Clause does not apply, and the government may articulate its message to the exclusion of all other speakers. If the government speech has religious content, it may run afoul of the Establishment Clause. This Article proposes an “effective control” framework to determine Establishment Clause responsibility in cases where public and private actors jointly engage in speech. Between the end-points of purely governmental and purely private speech, it places such speech on a mixed speech continuum. After introducing the framework, this Article demonstrates how the theory of “effective control” functions in a variety of contexts implicating the Establishment Clause, including permanent and temporary displays, prayer in public schools, access to public school property, and legislative prayer. In some instances, discussed as “truly hybrid speech” in this Article, the effective control inquiry fails to identify a unilaterally responsible party. In these limited cases, this Article argues that the speech is sufficiently private for forum access purposes – meaning that the speakers may claim a right to forum access – and at the same time sufficiently governmental for Establishment Clause purposes, creating a secular forum in certain narrowly defined speech contexts.
The effect of antidepressant treatment on HIV and depression outcomes: results from a randomized trial.

Background Depression is a major barrier to HIV treatment outcomes. Objective To test whether antidepressant management decision support integrated into HIV care improves antiretroviral adherence and depression morbidity. Design Pseudo-cluster randomized trial. Setting Four US infectious diseases clinics. Participants HIV-infected adults with major depressive disorder. Intervention Measurement-based care (MBC) - depression care managers used systematic metrics to give HIV primary-care clinicians standardized antidepressant treatment recommendations. Measurements Primary - antiretroviral medication adherence (monthly unannounced telephone-based pill counts for 12 months). Primary time-point - 6 months. Secondary - depressive severity, depression remission, depression-free days, measured quarterly for 12 months. Results From 2010 to 2013, 149 participants were randomized to intervention and 155 to usual care. Participants were mostly men, Black, non-Hispanic, unemployed, and virally suppressed with high baseline self-reported antiretroviral adherence and depressive severity. Over follow-up, no differences between arms in antiretroviral adherence or other HIV outcomes were apparent. At 6 months, depressive severity was lower among intervention participants than usual care [mean difference -3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.6, -1.7], probability of depression remission was higher [risk difference 13%, 95% CI 1%, 25%), and suicidal ideation was lower (risk difference -18%, 95% CI -30%, -6%). By 12 months, the arms had comparable mental health outcomes. Intervention arm participants experienced an average of 29 (95% CI: 1-57) more depression-free days over 12 months. Conclusion In the largest trial of its kind among HIV-infected adults, MBC did not improve HIV outcomes, possibly because of high baseline adherence, but achieved clinically significant depression improvements and increased depression-free days. MBC may be an effective, resource-efficient approach to reducing depression morbidity among HIV patients.
Homo pontem: teachers as bridges to a multicultural Italy

AbstractThis article explores the appearance of new teacher roles within the Italian education discourse, in particular focusing on official and scholarly texts from 1990 to 2015. During the second half of this period, the conceptual borders of two distinct roles, the intercultural teacher and the cultural mediator, begin to blur so that all teachers are called to engage in mediation. The role of mediator is made up of practices and dispositions intended to create a bridge between non-Italian students and Italian schools. The collapse of the teacher and mediator roles creates a new discursive context in which the Italian teacher is positioned to reconstitute her/himself through the adoption of these new practices and dispositions, thus constituting a new subjectivity. The new subjectivity, homo pontem, is in part an effect of political reasoning and the theorising of intercultural and citizenship education that has produced state-sponsored policies meant to manage immigrants in Italian schools. The Italia...
A Construction Schema Theory for Mutation

Chapter 4 computed the probability P c(H k ) that a kth-order hyperplane H k will be constructed via recombination, given that one parent is a member of a lower-order hyperplane H m and that the other parent is a member of another lower-order hyperplane H n . That chapter concluded by computing the expected number of offspring E c[B k ] that reside in H k after recombination, and showed that this is a simple function of P c (H k ), the population homogeneity P eq, and the order of the hyperplane k.
Caching-efficient multithreaded fast multiplication of sparse matrices

Several fast sequential algorithms have been proposed in the past to multiply sparse matrices. These algorithms do not explicitly address the impact of caching on performance. We show that a rather simple sequential cache-efficient algorithm provides significantly better performance than existing algorithms for sparse matrix multiplication. We then describe a multithreaded implementation of this simple algorithm and show that its performance scales well with the number of threads and CPUs. For 10% sparse, 500/spl times/500 matrices, the multithreaded version running on 4-CPU systems provides more than a 41.1-fold speed increase over the well-known BLAS routine and a 14.6 fold and 44.6-fold speed increase over two other recent techniques for fast sparse matrix multiplication, both of which are relatively difficult to parallelize efficiently.
Stochastic neuromorphic learning machines for weakly labeled data

At learning tasks where humans typically outperform computers, neuromorphic learning machines can have potential advantages in learning in terms of power and complexity compared to mainstream technologies. Here, we present Synaptic Sampling Machines (S2M), a class of stochastic neural networks that use stochasticity at the connections (synapses) to implement energy efficient semi- and unsupervised learning for weakly or unlabeled data. Stochastic synapses play the dual role of a regularizer during learning and a mechanism for implementing stochasticity in neural networks. We show a S2M network architecture that is well suited for a dedicated digital implementation, that is potentially hundredfold more energy efficient compared to equivalent algorithms operating on GPUs.
Memorized Nonlinear Discrete Systems

In this chapter, basic concepts of memorized nonlinear discrete systems will be presented. The local theory of stability and bifurcation for memorized nonlinear discrete systems will be discussed.
The Making of Community

Often in response to the feelings of marginality that women across all three groups encounter, women develop tight-knit, internal networks that provide bonding social capital in the form of emotional and instrumental support. The bonds that young black and Latina women in Mayfair develop with one another are strong, often long-lasting, and important for the sharing of critical resources. Although these trends are found across all three groups, the strength and benefits of the relationships vary. Boarders and commuters cite the importance of the strong internal bonds they develop with each other as a result of their shared experiences of marginalization. Residents cite the relationships they develop across groups, and the benefit of having more young women of color in the school and community, as a result of the voluntary desegregation programs. Both the resources that women need and the resources that they can provide vary based upon point of access.
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy

Laser iridotomy functions to relieve pupillary block by allowing an equalization of pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers. Patients should have had nonindentation gonioscopy that demonstrated contact between the iris and the trabecular meshwork typically for greater than 180° of the angle, although clinician discretion may be employed on a case-by-case basis. Other indications include aphakic or pseudophakic pupillary block, plateau iris, or phacomorphic angle closure with a component of pupillary block and some cases of pigment dispersion syndrome. The procedure may be performed with an argon laser, Nd:YAG laser, or a combination of the two. This author prefers Nd:YAG for hazel or blue irides and combination argon/YAG for darker irides. Simply put, all patients should be informed of at least a 2 % risk of a linear dysphotopsia from the laser. Recent literature shows that a temporal iridotomy is less likely to result in linear dysphotopsia as compared to a superior iridotomy, although a temporal iridotomy may be more painful, and again clinician discretion may be indicated.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE MODEL OF MISSOURY TYPE OF MODIFIED MATHEMATICS PROJECT CONCERNING COGNITIVE STYLE (EXPERIMENT STUDY ON LINES AND ANGLES MATERIAL OF CLASS VII AT MTS. MUALLIMIN MUHAMMADIYAH IN MAKASSAR

The Research is Quasi Experiment which aims to discover whether learning model and cognitive style influenced mathematics learning results of class VII student at MTs. Muallilimin Muhammadiyah Makassar. The populations on the research were all students at MTs. Muallimin Muhammadiyah in Makassar consisted of three classes in academic year 2015/2016. The samples were determined by using cluster random sampling technique. The samples chosen were class VII A and VII C with 38 students in class VII A and 34 students in class VII C. There were two variables in the research, namely: (1) independent variables consisted of learning model and cognitive style and (2) dependent variable was the students’ learning result in mathematics. The intended learning model is cooperative model of MMP type modified with STAD learning model and cognitive model of MMP typed modified with TAI types; whereas, the intended cognitive style is reflective and implsive cognitive style. The instrument of the resrch were MFFT cognitive style test and test of mathematics learning result. The data of research was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic analysis by using independent sampel t test analysis. The result of the research reveal that there is no difference f Mathematics learning result of student who were taught by using cooperative model of MMP type modified with STAD type student taught by using cooperative model on MMP type modified with TAI type, there is no difference of learning result of students who have reflction cognitive and students who have impulsive cognitive style on the implementation of cooperative model of MMP type modified with STAD type, and there is no difference of learning result of students who have reflective cognitive style and the students who have impulsive cognitive style type on the implementation of cooperative model of MMP type modified with TAI type
Paper: Paging Through History. By Mark Kurlansky. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2016. Pp. xx, 354. $27.95.)

Mark Kurlansky is the author of many best‐selling books including Salt and Cod, so it is no wonder that he has now turned to paper, another single word product of global importance. Invented in Chi...
Extracting Human Settlement Footprint from Historical Topographic Map Series Using Context-Based Machine Learning

Information extraction from historical maps represents a persistent challenge due to inferior graphical quality and large data volume in digital map archives, which can hold thousands of digitized map sheets. In this paper, we describe an approach to extract human settlement symbols in United States Geological Survey (USGS) historical topographic maps using contemporary building data as the contextual spatial layer. The presence of a building in the contemporary layer indicates a high probability that the same building can be found at that location on the historical map. We describe the design of an automatic sampling approach using these contemporary data to collect thousands of graphical examples for the symbol of interest. These graphical examples are then used for robust learning to then carry out feature extraction in the entire map. We employ a Convolutional Neural Network (LeNet) for the recognition task. Results are promising and will guide the next steps in this research to provide an unsupervised approach to extracting features from historical maps.
Simulation of high temperature thermal energy storage system based on coupled metal hydrides for solar driven steam power plants

Abstract Concentrating solar power plants can achieve low cost and efficient renewable electricity production if equipped with adequate thermal energy storage systems. Metal hydride based thermal energy storage systems are appealing candidates due to their demonstrated potential for very high volumetric energy densities, high exergetic efficiencies, and low costs. The feasibility and performance of a thermal energy storage system based on NaMgH2F hydride paired with TiCr1.6Mn0.2 is examined, discussing its integration with a solar-driven ultra-supercritical steam power plant. The simulated storage system is based on a laboratory-scale experimental apparatus. It is analyzed using a detailed transport model accounting for the thermochemical hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, including kinetics expressions adequate for the current metal hydride system. The results show that the proposed metal hydride pair can suitably be integrated with a high temperature steam power plant. The thermal energy storage system achieves output energy densities of 226 kWh/m3, 9 times the DOE SunShot target, with moderate temperature and pressure swings. In addition, simulations indicate that there is significant scope for performance improvement via heat-transfer enhancement strategies.