cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large epidermal cyst of the clitoris: a novel diagnostic approach to assist in surgical removal.

Abstract Background Epidermal cysts of the clitoris are uncommon and usually associated with previous trauma. Surgical removal is the preferred treatment with close attention to preserve sensation and vascular supply. The use of an alternative coil during Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging to visualize the anatomy may improve surgical management and outcomes. Case A 15-year-old adolescent had a 2-year history of clitoral enlargement. Physical exam revealed a 4 × 5 cm clitoral cyst and normal hormonal evaluation. Initial MR with a pelvic coil showed poor resolution of neurovascular supply. MR was repeated using a small flex coil (commonly used on the wrist) placed as a sanitary napkin providing a higher resolution image of the neurovascular structures, which guided surgical intervention. Conclusion The use of the MR small flex coil to better visualize the external genital structures and clitoral anatomy improved preoperative evaluation and guided surgical management of the clitorial cyst.
Position of precordial leads; an anatomical study.

Abstract 1. 1. Correlation of the electrical pattern of the precordial electrocardiogram with the anatomic projections of the corresponding precordial electrodes was performed. This was done in forty-four autopsied subjects by the insertion of wires into the ventricular myocardium at each of the six precordial positions of the electrocardiogram. A comparison of the anatomic position of the septum with the electrical position of the transitional zone was then made, and some conclusions drawn regarding the meaning of the transitional zone. 2. 2. The standard six precordial leads are well selected in that they span the anterior surface of the heart from precordial Position 1, which overlies the right auricle, to Position 6, which overlies the anterolateral portion of the left ventricle. 3. 3. The anatomic position of the septum is well correlated with the position of the electrical transitional zone in normal hearts and in those with predominant left ventricular hypertrophy. 4. 4. The shift in the position of the septum and, therefore, of the transitional zone is not of sufficient magnitude to identify specific ventricular hypertrophy. 5. 5. Left ventricular hypertrophy produces a sharp transitional zone. This is believed to be due to the plane of the septum being perpendicular to the anterior chest wall. 6. 6. Right ventricular hypertrophy often shows no transitional zone in the span of the standard six precordial electrodes. This is believed to be due to the transverse plane of the septum, produced by the fact that the anterior position of the right ventricle and the posterior position of the left ventricle cause the plane of the septum to be parallel to the anterior chest wall.
Therapeutic effect of high temperature on tobacco budworms to a cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus☆

Abstract Treatment of larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, with high temperature (36°C) reduced patent infection with a cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus (CPV), judged by the absence of viral inclusions in the midgut, if it was begun within 24 hr after exposure to contaminated diet. However, if treatment was delayed, the therapeutic effect diminished until there was none when it was delayed 4 days. Adults from insects reared at 36°C were not sterile, and only slight teratological effects were observed. At a temperature of 40°C marked sterility occurred, and the teratological effects increased.
Methods to improve the properties of polymer mixtures: optimizing intermolecular interactions and compatibilization

Abstract Two methods to improve the dispersion, interfacial adhesion and properties of polymer mixtures are presented. Infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy results document that control of the spacing of interacting moieties along the polymer chain results in optimal intermolecular hydrogen bonding and improved miscibility between two polymers. Moreover, initial results indicate that this protocol also works for polymer nanocomposites. Computational and experimental results indicate that multiblock or blocky copolymers are the most effective interfacial strengtheners among linear copolymers for polymer–polymer interfaces. ADCB and neutron reflectivity experiments provide direct evidence that multiblock copolymers that have blocks that are long enough to entangle with a homopolymer are most effective at strengthening the interface. Both sets of results provide guidelines by which multi-component polymer systems can be designed with target properties.
Who's Afraid of Postmodernism?: Reflections on Symanski and Cosgrove

Enough time has now passed to enable a balance sheet to be drawn up on the impact of postmodern thought in human geography. On the plus side, the mythical power of Enlightenment essentialism has been wounded, perhaps mortally; difference has been legitimized, irrespective of its source (e.g. gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation); those beyond traditional centers of power have become enfranchised and empowered; emergent methodological dilemmas have grasped our attention (including different ways of seeing and representing); and new topical emphases have entered the geographer's purview (e.g. postcolonialism). In a word, postmodernism has been liberating. On the negative side, many critics mourn the loss of rationality associated with modernism's decline; they claim that postmodernism's relativism offers no guide for individual or collective action; they object to the babel of different voices crying out for attention; they portray it as a fad that will soon self-destruct; and they attack what they perceive as postmodernism's essentially conservative philosophy which, if it espouses anything at all, seems to embrace an open-ended pluralism. To its critics, postmodernism appears as a destabilizing force. The editorial artifice that has fortuitously juxtaposed articles by Richard Symanski and Denis Cosgrove in this issue of the Annals provides an opportunity to comment upon the impact of a postmodern consciousness in human geography. Let me immediately make clear that I understand that neither author intended their papers to be taken this way; nor will I attempt a comprehensive assessment of this topic.1 Yet both papers, in quite different ways, are extraordinarily revealing.
Single transverse-spin asymmetries in hadronic pion production

We analyze single transverse-spin asymmetries for hadronic pion production at large transverse momenta using QCD factorization. In the large ${x}_{F}$ region, leading contributions to the asymmetries are naturally produced by twist-3 parton correlation functions that couple quark fields and gluon field strengths. With a simple model for these matrix elements, leading-order asymmetries calculated from QCD are consistent with data on pion production from Fermilab, and can be used to predict single-spin asymmetries at BNL RHIC. We argue that our perturbative calculation for the asymmetries is relevant to pion transverse momenta as low as a few GeV.
Motor unit number estimation in the evaluation of focal conduction block

Temporal dispersion and phase cancellation limit the utility of amplitude reduction in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) as a measure of focal conduction block but may not affect motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Hence, MUNE offers the potential of a specific measure of conduction block. We investigated the role of MUNE in 11 patients with ulnar neuropathy and conduction block at the elbow and also in 8 normal subjects. MUNE failed to detect motor unit dropout in the patient group because reduced values for surface-recorded motor unit potentials (SMUPs) were obtained at proximal locations, suggesting that focal compression selectively damages larger motor axons, an hypothesis that has support from animal studies. We conclude that, because MUNE is affected by the physiological characteristics of functional axons surviving the underlying pathological process, the utility of MUNE is limited to diseases in which the expected pathology affects motor axons uniformly.
Effect of Substrate Dielectric Properties and Tunable Metamaterials

The effect of substrate dielectric properties on the overall performance of split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials was investigated. Results of a finite element simulation show notable differences of metamaterial properties with different substrate dielectric properties. The resonance frequency change can be used to roughly characterize the effect of the change of the substrate dielectric property. Since the electromagnetic properties of a metamaterial vary largely at the frequencies around the resonance frequency, the metamaterial properties can be effectively tailored by adjusting the substrate properties. This means the substrate provides an additional dimension of flexibility for the design of the metamaterials. On the other hand, considering the tunability of the metamaterials, which is required in many applications, we notice it is a very effective way to achieve tunable metamaterials by tuning the properties of the substrate. Although the change of the geometry or the electromagnetic properties of the metallized structures will result in metamaterials with different properties, it should be noted that the tuning of the size or the metal properties is more difficult and very limited once the geometry is determined. The substrate properties, however, can be tuned relatively easily by, for example, temperature, stress, bias voltages, bias currents, etc. How to tune the substrates is not within the coverage of this paper, but our simulation results show a tunable metamaterial can be implemented by fixed metallized structures on a tunable substrate
Perforation rate using a single pair of orthopedic gloves vs. a double pair of gloves in obstetric cases.

Our purpose was to determine the perforation rate for a single pair of orthopedic gloves vs. a double pair of regular gloves in obstetric cases. Faculty, residents, medical students, and surgical technicians were assigned randomly to use either double gloves or single orthopedic gloves. After each procedure, the gloves were examined by filling with water, occluding the cuff, and observing for streams of water. The perforation rate for the double gloves (both inner and outer glove at the same location) was 7% (12/169), similar to the 7% (12/172) for single orthopedic gloves (P < 0.9), After adjusting for procedure type there was no association between the type of gloves and perforation rate. Fifty-four percent of all perforations were not recognized intraoperatively. Of those individuals with glove perforations, 4/24 (17%) observed blood on the hand at the end of the procedure. Double-gloved users complained more frequently than single-gloved users of loss of dexterity (77/169, 46%, 95% CI 38–53%) vs. (6/1...
The crystal structure of Li4UF8

Abstract The compound Li 4 UF 8 crystallizes in space group Pnma with a 0 = 9·960, b 0 = 9·883 and c 0 = 5·986. The X-ray density is 4·71 g/cm 3 and Z = 4. Twenty-four positional parameters, four anisotropic uranium temperature factors, and seven isotropic temperature factors were determined from 634 independent reflections measured by the 2θ-scan technique with a scintillometer. The parameters were refined by least squares to an R factor of 0·082. Absorption corrections were made for Cu K α radiation on an oblate spheroid with a short 36 μ axis, [001], and a 64 μ dia. for the circular section. The U 4+ ion has 8F − nearest neighbors with bond distances of 2·21–2·39 A. The next three nearest neighbors are 2Li + and another F − at 3·27 and 3·30 A respectively. The nine F − ions are at the corners of a 14-faced polyhedron which has the form of a triangular prism with pyramids on each of the three prism faces and the two Li + ions are at the centers of irregular F − octahedra which share faces with the uranium polyhedron. The Li + F − distances are 1·82–2·28 A.
The contribution of fiduciary law

Frederic Maitland, the renowned historian of English law, called the trust 'the greatest and most distinctive achievement performed by Englishmen in the field of jurisprudence'. The trust is certainly a great achievement. Yet is the trust distinctive? Much ink has been spilled on the question. On the one hand, 'trust-like' devices appear in other legal systems – for example, the Roman fideicommissum, the German Treuhand, and the Islamic waqf. On the other hand, none of these trust-like devices is precisely the same as the trust. This paper does not aim to settle the matter of the trust's distinctiveness but instead begins with a separate but related question: What can Anglo-American trust law contribute to other legal systems? More than a decade ago, this question was posed in two often-cited articles by Professors Henry Hansmann and Ugo Mattei. The articles assess the 'special contribution' of the law of trusts, both within the U.S. legal system and from the perspective of comparative law. The assessment is striking: that trust law's 'most important contribution' is what other scholars have called 'ring fencing': separating trust assets from the personal assets of the trustee, thereby defining the rights of third-party creditors. In contrast, the role of trust law in fiduciary governance is labeled 'relatively unimportant'. The argument is noteworthy because much of Anglo-American trust law is fiduciary law, defining and regulating the trustee's powers and obligations with respect to trust administration. This paper, prepared for a symposium on "The Worlds of the Trust" at McGill University, offers some reflections on the current contributions, and the potential for future contributions, of trust fiduciary law within the Anglo-American law of trusts and in legal systems outside the common law.
NeuroIR 2015: SIGIR 2015 Workshop on Neuro-Physiological Methods in IR Research

The first international workshop on Neuro- Physiological (NP) Methods in Information Retrieval Research took place at SIGIR 2015 in Santiago, Chile on August 13, 2015. The workshop included a mixture of short introductions to selected NP methods, paper presentations and a panel discussion by invited scholars. Each session included significant time allotted to open discussions among the participants. The high attendance and the lively discussions demonstrated significant interest in the use of NP methods in information retrieval research. The panel and discussions pointed out many advantages of using these methods as a data source complementary to traditional measures but also potentially offering deeper insights into humans interacting with information. Significant challenges, such as the lack of baseline data and reference tasks, and a need to collaborate with neuroscientists, were also noted. Overall, the NP-methods were found to be very promising and worth continued research efforts.
Orientalism and David Hockney's Cavafy Etchings: Exploring a Male-Positive Imaginative Geography

In their attempts at representing Constantine P. Cavafy's Alexandria, David Hockney's Cavafy Etchings offer more than a neocolonial authorization of the poet's Mediterranean Orient: they subvert generic Western depictions of their locale in order to create a male-positive imaginative geography; an unique version of Edward Said's "free-floating mythology of the Orient" that presents an affirmative, unconventional view of the homoerotics of Orientalism (Orientalism 53). This paper examines the political and aesthetic characteristics of the Orient in the Cavafy Etchings; three topics are explored: first, how Hockney's works exemplify Said's Orientalism; second, how these etchings subvert the conventions of British Orientalist art; and finally, how they exemplify a male-positive imaginative geography.
A Compressive Multi-Frequency Linear Sampling Method for Underwater Acoustic Imaging

This paper investigates the use of a qualitative inverse scattering method known as the linear sampling method (LSM) for imaging underwater scenes using limited aperture receiver configurations. The LSM is based on solving a set of unstable integral equations known as the far-field equations and whose stability breaks down even further for under-sampled observation aperture data. Based on the results of a recent study concerning multi-frequency LSM imaging, we propose an iterative inversion method that is founded upon a compressive sensing framework. In particular, we leverage multi-frequency diversity in the data by imposing a partial frequency variation prior on the solution which we show is justified when the frequency bandwidth is sampled finely enough. We formulate an alternating direction method of multiplier approach to minimize the proposed cost function. Proof of concept is established through numerically generated data as well as experimental acoustic measurements taken in a shallow pool facility at the U.S Naval Research Laboratory.
Chronic ethanol-induced heterologous desensitization is mediated by changes in adenosine transport.

Chronic exposure of cultured cell lines to ethanol results in a heterologous desensitization of receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase via GS, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. This heterologous desensitization is accompanied by a decrease in alpha S, the GTP-binding subunit of GS. Ethanol-induced accumulation of extracellular adenosine is required for the development of heterologous desensitization. To determine the mechanism underlying the ethanol-dependent increase in extracellular adenosine, we investigated the effects of ethanol on the nucleoside transporter responsible for the bidirectional transport of adenosine into and out of the cell. We found that ethanol specifically and non-competitively inhibited nucleoside uptake. Inhibition of adenosine uptake was primarily due to decreased influx via the nucleoside transporter. Thus, ethanol-induced increases in extracellular adenosine appear to be due to inhibition of adenosine influx. After chronic exposure to ethanol, cells became tolerant to the acute effects of ethanol, i.e. ethanol no longer inhibited uptake and, consequently, no longer increased extracellular adenosine concentration. Taken together with our previous studies, these results suggest that acute ethanol inhibition of adenosine influx leads to an increase in extracellular adenosine which in turn activates adenosine A2 receptors to increase cyclic AMP levels, leading to desensitization of receptor-dependent cyclic AMP signal transduction after chronic exposure to ethanol. We next determined whether the same effects of ethanol also occur in alcoholics. We isolated lymphocytes from alcoholics and non-alcoholics and found that alcoholics had a 75% decrease in basal and adenosine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP production compared with non-alcoholics. To determine whether these differences were due to exposure to ethanol in vivo or to a possible genetic difference between alcoholics and non-alcoholics, we grew lymphocytes in culture in the absence of ethanol. Adenosine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP levels were higher in alcoholics than non-alcoholics. Moreover, cultured cells from alcoholics were more sensitive to the effects of chronic alcohol on cyclic AMP signal transduction than cells from non-alcoholics. Our results suggest that the cyclic AMP signal transduction system may reflect a genetic alteration in alcoholics and that studies in cultured lymphocytes may allow us to identify individuals at risk of developing alcoholism.
The HIPOGAIA study: Monitoring of oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists in the municipality of Gaia.

Abstract Introduction Anticoagulant therapy is an effective measure in preventing thromboembolic adverse events. Of the diseases in which this treatment is indicated, atrial fibrillation (AF) has the highest incidence worldwide, with a prevalence of 1.5-2%. Objectives To assess the quality of monitoring of patients with non-valvular AF under oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists in Vila Nova de Gaia healthcare units. Methods This was a retrospective observational analytical study of the population registered at the 37 healthcare units of the Vila Nova de Gaia and Espinho health center area under oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists during 2014. The data were collected using TAONet® software. The variables studied were health units, age, gender, INR value, time in therapeutic range (TTR) and medication. TTR was calculated for each patient using the Rosendaal linear interpolation method. It was stipulated that each patient should have undergone at least six INR measurements. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel® 2010 and SPSS® version 21, using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Results A total of 479 patients with non-valvular AF were studied, corresponding to 5883 INR tests. Mean TTR was 67.4±6.5%, and 35.3% of patients exhibited poor control (TTR Discussion Our study showed moderate control of coagulation parameters, but better than in many international clinical trials and in another Portuguese observational study. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement in anticoagulation monitoring in primary health care.
New material of the Late Cretaceous marine turtle Ctenochelys acris Zangerl, 1953 and a phylogenetic reassessment of the ‘toxochelyid’-grade taxa

Late Cretaceous marine turtles formerly referred to the family Toxochelyidae represent perhaps the earliest members of the clade including extant marine species of cryptodire (Chelonioidea). Though more pelagically specialized marine taxa such as Protostegidae (i.e. Archelon, Desmatochelys) predate the first occurrence of any known ‘toxochelyid’ species, phylogenetic analyses of modern and fossil Testudines have shown that the protostegids may be a separate radiation of stem cryptodires only distantly related to modern marine turtles. This hypothesis has since been supported by ancillary evidence from the stratigraphic record and has been argued from a perspective of rampant homoplasy. This information brings into question our understanding of chelonioid evolution with regard to their previously assumed monophyly, and supports the placement of ‘toxochelyids’ as perhaps the earliest definitive members of total group Chelonioidea (Pan-Chelonioidea). However, many ‘toxochelyids’ are known from partial holoty...
Cell-Specific α-Tubulin Isotype Regulates Ciliary Microtubule Ultrastructure, Intraflagellar Transport, and Extracellular Vesicle Biology.

Summary Cilia are found on most non-dividing cells in the human body and, when faulty, cause a wide range of pathologies called ciliopathies. Ciliary specialization in form and function is observed throughout the animal kingdom, yet mechanisms generating ciliary diversity are poorly understood. The "tubulin code"—a combination of tubulin isotypes and tubulin post-translational modifications—can generate microtubule diversity. Using C. elegans , we show that α-tubulin isotype TBA-6 sculpts 18 A- and B-tubule singlets from nine ciliary A-B doublet microtubules in cephalic male (CEM) neurons. In CEM cilia, tba-6 regulates velocities and cargoes of intraflagellar transport (IFT) kinesin-2 motors kinesin-II and OSM-3/KIF17 without affecting kinesin-3 KLP-6 motility. In addition to their unique ultrastructure and accessory kinesin-3 motor, CEM cilia are specialized to produce extracellular vesicles. tba-6 also influences several aspects of extracellular vesicle biology, including cargo sorting, release, and bioactivity. We conclude that this cell-specific α-tubulin isotype dictates the hallmarks of CEM cilia specialization. These findings provide insight into mechanisms generating ciliary diversity and lay a foundation for further understanding the tubulin code.
Immediate Sequential vs. Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery: Retrospective Comparison of Postoperative Visual Outcomes.

Objective We conducted a retrospective comparative-effectiveness study of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refractive error (RE) after immediate sequential (ISBCS) and delayed sequential (DSBCS) bilateral cataract surgery. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) among DSBCS patients, second-eye outcomes were no different than first-eye outcomes; (2) averaged between each patient's 2 eyes, outcomes did not differ between ISBCS and DSBCS patients. Design Retrospective comparative-effectiveness study. Participants Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who underwent noncomplex bilateral cataract surgery from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015. Methods We performed an intention-to-treat analysis comparing ISBCS to DSBCS using conditional logistic regression analysis, accounting for surgeon and patient-level factors. Main Outcome Measures BCVA, RE. Results The analysis of visual outcomes included both eyes of 13 711 DSBCS and 3561 ISBCS patients. Because of the large sample size, some statistical differences lacked clinical significance. Ocular comorbidities were slightly more prevalent in DSBCS patients. Postoperative BCVA was 20/20 or better in 48% of DSBCS first eyes, 49% of DSBCS second eyes, 53% of ISBCS right eyes, and 51% of ISBCS left eyes. The within-person difference in postoperative BCVA averaged zero (0.00) between the first and second DSBCS eyes, and between the ISBCS right and left eyes. After adjustment, average postoperative BCVA was better in ISBCS patients, although the difference was not statistically significant (compared with 20/20 or better: odds ratio for worse than 20/20 was 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.01). Emmetropia (spherical equivalent −0.5 to 0 diopter) was achieved in 61% of first DSBCS eyes, 61% of second DSBCS eyes, 63% of ISBCS right eyes, and 63% of ISBCS left eyes. After adjustment, average postoperative RE was no different in ISBCS compared with DSBCS patients (compared with emmetropia: odds ratio for ametropia was 1.02, confidence interval 0.92–1.12). We confirmed 1 case of postoperative endophthalmitis in 10 494 ISBCS eyes (1.0 per 10 000 eyes) and 2 cases in 38 736 DSBCS eyes (0.5 per 10 000 eyes) ( P = 0.6), and no patient had bilateral endophthalmitis. Conclusions Compared with DSBCS, we found no evidence that ISBCS was associated with worse postoperative BCVA or RE, or with an increased complication risk.
Practical Renal Allograft Pathology

Establishment of solid organ transplantation as a routine procedure has required parallel progress in multiple medical and basic science disciplines. Since the 1960s systematic evaluation of transplanted tissue has provided essential information that has helped shape the treatment protocols in use today.
An examination of the prospective association between religious service attendance and suicide: Explanatory factors and period effects

Background We addressed two unanswered questions from prior research, demonstrating a prospective association between frequent religious service attendance and decreased risk for suicide. First, we assessed whether religious service attendance conferred protection from suicide even after accounting for strength of religious affiliation. Second, we evaluated whether the relationship between religious service attendance and suicide was subject to period effects.
A Survey of Corn Silage and Earlage Characteristics Production and Use in Iowa

Corn Silage and earlage are two common feeds for beef cattle. Both of these feeds can increase beef production per acre as compared to corn grain but require good management from production through feeding to optimize beef production. Little information has been collected about production practices that are being used in Iowa and if there is any correlation to the feeding value of the feeds.
Venous Thromboembolism in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives To describe the cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) followed at a single institution and report on the risk factors associated with VTE development. Study design Charts for all patients with SCD, aged 0-21 years, followed at Nationwide Children's Hospital over a 6-year period (January 1, 2009, to January 31, 2015) were reviewed. Data on VTE diagnosis, sex, body mass index/weight-for-length, SCD genotype, SCD clinical complications, central venous catheter (CVC) placement, and thrombophilia testing were collected. Results Cumulative incidence of VTE in children with SCD followed at a single tertiary care institution was found to be 2.9% (12/414). Nine of the 12 VTE were CVC-associated. On univariate analysis, hemoglobin SS genotype (OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.4-83.5), CVC presence (OR 34.4, 95% CI 8.9-134.6), central nervous system vasculopathy (OR 19.4, 95% CI 5.6-63.4), chronic transfusion therapy (OR 30.6, 95% CI 8.9-122.2), and older age (P = .03) were associated with VTE. However, presence of CVC was the only independent risk factor identified on multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR 33.8, 95% CI 8.7-130.9). Conclusion In our institution, nearly 3% of children with SCD had a history of VTE. CVC is an independent predictor of VTE in children with SCD.
Awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation: challenges and opportunities

There is a severe shortage of donor corneas available worldwide for transplantation, with the number of patients in need of transplant greatly exceeding the number of cornea tissues available. Understanding awareness and attitudes about corneal donation worldwide is a critical step toward addressing this shortage. In this review, awareness of corneal donation and reported willingness to donate are summarized from 55 published studies across 13 countries. In general, many more respondents indicated positive attitudes toward eye donation and willingness to donate their eyes than the number of respondents who have pledged their eyes for donation, suggesting an unrealized potential of additional donors. Specifically, of 38,851 respondents across all included studies, 52% endorsed a willingness to donate their eyes after death, yet only 5% reported being a pledged donor. The most commonly cited reason for not being a registered eye donor was lack of awareness about eye donation. The disconnection between the large number of people who expressed willingness to donate and the scarcity of individuals who have pledged their eyes for donation could be addressed through educational media campaigns, collaborations with medical personnel, partnerships with grief counselors and religious leaders, use of social media, and educational sessions with medical students and staff.
Disparities in the Presentation and Management of Cutaneous Melanoma That Required Admission.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with cutaneous melanoma that required admission. METHODS A cross-sectional study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 2003-2009, was merged with County Health Rankings Data. RESULTS A total of 2,765 discharge -records were included. Men were more likely to have melanoma in the head, neck, and trunk regions (p < 0.001), while extremities melanoma was more common in women (p < 0.001). Males had a higher risk of lymph node metastasis on presentation (OR 1.54, 95% CI [1.27-1.89]). Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to present with extremities melanoma. Patients with low annual income were more likely to be treated by low-volume surgeons and in hospitals located in high-risk communities (p < 0.05 each). Patients with Medicaid coverage were twice as likely to present with distant metastasis and were more likely to be managed by low-volume surgeons (p < 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS The presentation and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma have a distinct pattern of distribution based on patients' characteristics.
Combined reconstruction with leaflet extension plasty (Fig. 23)

This technique is especially used when patients with combined defects, whether of congenital or post-rheumatic origin, are subjected to reconstruction [36]. In addition to commissurotomy and mobilization of the leaflet by detaching adhesive and shortened chordae, fenestration of chorda bundles, or longitudinal splitting of the papillary muscle, the regurgitation component should also be eliminated by unilateral or bilateral leaflet extension plasty in order to achieve a sufficiently large orifice as well as complete closure of the valve (Fig. 23.1–8).
Treatment for latent TB in correctional facilities: a challenge for TB elimination.

Abstract Background To eliminate tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, more information is needed on how to gain access to difficult-to-reach, high-risk populations to evaluate people who would benefit from treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI). Methods A field study was conducted of people at risk for co-infection with TB and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to demonstrate that treating LTBI in inmates is feasible. Inmates were tested for LTBI using the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). Outcomes measured were skin test results and the start and completion of treatment for LTBI. Results In 49 correctional facilities in 12 states, 198,102 inmates had a skin test read. The mean skin test positivity rate among inmates was 17.0%. Of those who had a known HIV test result, 14.5% tested HIV positive. Inmates with a positive TST were 4.2 times more likely than those with a negative TST to be HIV infected (95% confidence interval [CI]=3.9–4.4). Therapy for LTBI was completed in 55.9% of patients started on treatment. Patients who were HIV positive and started on a 12-month treatment regimen were less likely than HIV-negative patients (40.0% vs 68.1%, respectively) to complete treatment (odds ratio [OR]=0.24, 95% CI=0.20–0.28). Patients treated in jails were less likely than those treated in prisons (33.6% vs 57.7%, respectively) to complete treatment (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.26–0.32). Conclusions Correctional facilities offer a venue for identifying and treating high-risk individuals for LTBI. However, completing treatment is more problematic in jails than in prisons.
Safety and productivity in coal mining—How to make both the top priority

Abstract Focusing on coal mine safety and productivity in the United States as well as the relationship that exists between them, this chapter first briefly describes the evolution of each prior to and subsequent to the passage of the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969. The evolution of safety practices will be described over the same timeline. Finally, the coupling of management and labor policies, practices, and operational activities on safety and productivity, with both as top priorities, that will lead to a safe and responsible mining enterprise will be discussed. Likely future trends will be assessed as well.
Transgender bone health

Gonadal sex steroids play a pivotal role in bone health. Medical and surgical therapies for gender dysphoria in both adolescents and adults can lead to skeletal changes. This review evaluates the literature on transgender bone health, and how the data can be translated into clinical practice.
Procedures in Dosage Calculation

Medicine is available in (1) fixed forms, (2) prescription bottles and (3) stock bottles. Each presents different problems in the measurement of the proper dose.
Minimal Number of Steps in the Euclidean Algorithm and its Application to Rational Tangles

We define the regular Euclidean algorithm and the general form which leads to the method of least absolute remainders and also the method of negative remainders. We show that if looked from the perspective of subtraction, the method of least absolute remainders and the regular method have the same number of steps which is in fact the minimal number of steps possible. This enables us to determine the most efficient way to untangle a rational tangle. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Professor David Gauld of the University of Auckland for accepting me as a summer research student under the Midyear Research Scholarship. His guidance and direction was very crucial in the research and writing of this paper. It has been an enjoyable experience working under his supervision. Page 58 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 16, No. 1
BVRI photometry of the classic Type II-P supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946: d 3 to d 594

Broadband $BVRI$ light curves of SN 2017eaw in NGC 6946 reveal the classic elements of a Type II-P supernova. The observations were begun on 16 May 2017 (UT), approximately 1 day after the discovery was announced, and the photometric monitoring was carried out over a period of nearly 600 days. The light curves show a well-defined plateau and an exponential tail which curves slightly at later times. An approximation to the bolometric light curve is derived and used to estimate the amount of $^{56}$Ni created in the explosion; from various approaches described in the literature, we obtain $M$($^{56}{\rm Ni}$) = 0.115 ($-$0.022,+0.027)$M_{\odot}$. We also estimate that 43\% of the bolometric flux emitted during the plateau phase is actually produced by the $^{56}$Ni chain. Other derived parameters support the idea that the progenitor was a red supergiant.
Willingness to Pay for Rose Attributes: Helping Provide Consumer Orientation to Breeding Programs

Floriculture value exceeds $5.8 billion in the United States. Environmental challenges, market trends, and diseases complicate breeding priorities. To inform breeders’ and geneticists’ research efforts, we set out to gather consumers’ preferences in the form of willingness to pay (WTP) for different rose attributes in a discrete choice experiment. The responses are modeled in WTP space, using polynomials to account for heterogeneity. Consumer preferences indicate that heat and disease tolerance were the most important aspects for subjects in the sample, followed by drought resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify breeding priorities in rosaceous plants from a consumer perspective.
The Juntos Pilot Study: A Diabetes Management Intervention for Latino Caregiving Dyads:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to design a culturally sensitive dyad-level diabetes intervention to improve glycemic control for older Latino adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study use...
Research Gaps in Pancreatic Cancer Research and Comparative Effectiveness Research Methodologies

Despite advances in cancer care, pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains one of the most lethal tumors. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed with late stage disease, and approximately 6 % of patients are alive 5 years after diagnosis. Of the 10–20 % of patients who are candidates for resection and multi-modality therapy, most will succumb to the disease with 5-year survival rates only reaching approximately 25 % (Lim et al. in Annals of surgery 237(1):74–85, 2003 [1]; Trede et al. in Annals of surgery 211(4):447–458, 1990 [2]; Crist et al. in Annals of surgery 206(3):358–365, 1987 [3]). Clearly, there is a need to improve the management of this disease. To identify gaps in research and formulate strategies to address these issues, we designed a framework to encompass the scope of research for pancreatic cancer. In this chapter, we will examine each topic heading within this framework for gaps in knowledge and present research strategies focusing on diverse comparative effectiveness research (CER) methodologies to address the identified gaps.
A Lifespan Perspective on the Interconnections Between Personality, Health, and Optimal Aging

The seeds of Healthy Aging are sown much earlier in life, through the health choices we make in younger adulthood and midlife. Cumulative effects of good health behaviors throughout one’s life often pay off in older adulthood, in the form of healthy aging (optimal physical, cognitive, and psychological functioning), whereas poorer choices earlier in life can lead to suboptimal or even pathological aging. Personality characteristics are important predictors of health behaviors and thus influence the course of healthy aging. Personality also impacts other precursors to healthy aging, such as educational attainment, work and career choices, financial success, relationship and family outcomes, and attitudes toward engagement and involvement in later life. Through multiple pathways, not only health and health behavior, personality predicts positive aging-related outcomes.
Consumer Imperfect Information and Endogenous Price Rigidity

This paper studies the propagation of monetary shocks in an economy featuring a strategic microfoundation for price rigidities. Following an aggregate shock to money, most consumers are initially uninformed. The market for goods is decentralized. Firms are better off delaying the adjustment of prices until enough consumers learn. At the same time, consumers learn from firms that have adjusted prices. The implied endogenous information diffusion follows a Bernoulli differential equation, implying a nonlinear path of learning. Nonlinear learning implies hump-shaped dynamics of output and inflation. A quantitative exercise suggests that these dynamics can be sizable and persistent.
Chapter 10 – Circulatory System

Publisher Summary The teleost cardiovascular system is a simple loop with the heart, gills and systemic circulations in series. Deoxygenated blood pumped from the single ventricle is initially distributed to the gill capillaries and oxygenated blood leaving the gills is then delivered directly to systemic tissues. The general organization of the heart and circulation with respect to features important in distribution of blood to and from the tissues is described in this chapter. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy of the trout unless otherwise specified, although the general vascular pattern is surprisingly consistent in all teleosts. The secondary circulation, an enigmatic vasculature unique to bony fish is also briefly described. The secondary system is presumed to drain into the cutaneous veins, the caudal vein via the caudal pump, and the branchial veins of the gill. It is found that systemic secondary vessels arise from segmental arteries, however the tortuous vessels connect directly to segmental veins and then to the dorsal cutaneous vein without supplying a nutritive capillary network.
Novel Approaches for Increased Sensitivity to Cerebral Blood Flow Using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy

Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) can provide direct monitoring of cerebral blood flow, an essential but under-addressed need in neuro-critical care. Here we review technological advances aimed to increase DCS performance in adults for clinical translation.
MSK eConsent: Digitalizing the informed consent process to improve participant engagement and understanding.

2066Background: eConsent was developed to digitize the research participant consenting experience with an educational engagement model. The eConsent platform tiers consent document content in an ea...
An Updated Review on the Emergency Management of the Mangled Upper Extremity

This updated review focuses on the emergency management of the mangled upper extremity, which are rare and complex injuries requiring specialized care. Several factors in the acute care setting can have a significant impact on patient outcomes. The purpose of this review is to describe effective strategies to evaluate and treat patients with a mangled upper extremity injury in the emergency setting to optimize successful reconstruction. Efficiency of the emergency management of a mangled upper extremity is critical for a successful outcome. The goals of emergency treatment are ultimately to prevent compromise of tissue integrity and infection. Although higher-powered studies are needed to better delineate functional outcomes and complications between preoperative protocols, initial studies have shown promising results with a defined management protocol. This review article highlights strategies to effectively and efficiently evaluate and manage patients with mangled upper extremity injuries in the emergency care setting with the goal of maximizing outcome and function following replantation surgery.
Conducted EMI susceptibility analysis of a COTS processor as function of aging

Abstract This work analyses the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity of the Cortex-M4 processor as function of aging. With this purpose, voltage dips were injected in the VDD input power pins of the processor as ruled by the IEC 61000–4-29 standard, whereas aging test was performed by means of the 1015.9 Burn-In Part of the Method MIL-STD-833E. After 456 h of burn-in at 125 °C, the processor presented a current increase in excess of 2.36% and conducted EMI immunity degradation in the order of 158% for the processor operating at extremely low voltage. If the processor is running in the manufacturer's recommended operating voltage range, then such degradation turns into 38%. Moreover, it was measured negligible performance degradation according to the Dhrystone V2.1a benchmark.
Line defect Schur indices, Verlinde algebras and U(1)r fixed points

Given an $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ superconformal field theory, we reconsider the Schur index ℐL(q) in the presence of a half line defect L. Recently Cordova-Gaiotto-Shao found that ℐL(q) admits an expansion in terms of characters of the chiral algebra $$ \mathcal{A} $$ introduced by Beem et al., with simple coefficients υL,β(q). We report a puzzling new feature of this expansion: the q → 1 limit of the coefficients υL,β(q) is linearly related to the vacuum expectation values 〈L〉 in U(1)r -invariant vacua of the theory compactified on S1. This relation can be expressed algebraically as a commutative diagram involving three algebras: the algebra generated by line defects, the algebra of functions on U(1)r -invariant vacua, and a Verlindelike algebra associated to $$ \mathcal{A} $$ . Our evidence is experimental, by direct computation in the Argyres-Douglas theories of type (A1, A2), (A1, A4), (A1, A6), (A1, D3) and (A1, D5). In the latter two theories, which have flavor symmetries, the Verlinde-like algebra which appears is a new deformation of algebras previously considered.
The association between child alcohol sipping and alcohol expectancies in the ABCD study

Abstract Background Underage drinking is a serious societal concern, yet relatively little is known about child sipping of alcohol and its relation to beliefs about alcohol. The current study aimed to (1) examine the contexts in which the first sip of alcohol occurs (e.g., type of alcohol, who provided sip, sip offered or taken without permission); (2) examine the association between sipping and alcohol expectancies; and (3) explore how different contexts of sipping are related to alcohol expectancies. We expected to find that children who had sipped alcohol would have increased positive expectancies and reduced negative expectancies compared to children who had never sipped alcohol. Methods Data were derived from the 2.0 release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a longitudinal study of children in the United States. We utilized data from 4,842 children ages 9–11; 52% were male, 60% were White, 19% were Hispanic/Latinx, and 9% were Black/African American. Results We found that 22% of the sample had sipped alcohol. Children reported sipping beer most frequently, and the drink most often belonged to the child’s father. We found that children who had sipped had higher positive alcohol expectancies than children who had not while accounting for variables related to alcohol expectancies. Child sipping was not significantly associated with negative expectancies and the context of the first sip of alcohol was not significantly associated with positive and negative expectancies. Conclusions Providing sips of alcohol to children is associated with them having more favorable expectations about drinking.