cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B27: Epigenetic regulation of stem cell fate in leukemic subpopulations.

Leukemia often displays substantial intratumor heterogeneity, comprising subpopulations of cells with different self-renewing and leukemia initiation capacities. Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in stem cell fate regulation during normal hematopoiesis. Although aberrant epigenetic changes have been well documented in hematological malignancies, the role epigenetic mechanisms play in governing stem-like properties, such as leukemia initiating capacity, and possible cell fate transitions between stem-like and non-stem-like leukemia subpopulations is unclear. Using next-generation sequencing and microarray technologies, we conducted an integrated analysis of DNA methylation, histone modifications and transcriptional profiles to investigate the epigenomic differences between experimentally characterized CD34-positive (CD34pos) leukemia-initiating and CD34-negative (CD34neg) non-leukemia-initiating subpopulations in a human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell line. We demonstrated that multiple normal and leukemic stem cell gene signatures are significantly enriched in CD34pos leukemia initiating cells as opposed to CD34neg AML cells. We also observed concordant chromatin state transitions at the promoters of stem cell signature genes. The stem-like state of CD34pos leukemia initiating cells is also characterized by a number of genes with bivalent histone modifications at their promoters. Many genes undergoing bivalent domain resolution and transcriptional activation in CD34neg AML cells are involved in differentiation-related pathways. Most importantly, epigenomic analysis showed that treatment with epigenetic modifying agents, such as 5-aza-29-deoxycytidine, appeared to facilitate cell fate transitions, induce marked changes in chromatin configurations, and reverse the enrichments of stem cell signatures in CD34pos leukemia-initiating cells. This provides an important molecular basis for the diminished in vitro clonogenecity and in vivo leukemogenecity of AML cells after 5-aza-29-deoxycytidine treatment in our previous studies. Our data supports the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in underpinning cell fate and functional properties of leukemia subpopulations. The epigenetic regulation of leukemic stem-like properties might differ from that of normal hematopoietic stem cell state since the same 5-aza-29-deoxycytidine treatment did not seem to negatively affect clonogenecity of normal hematopoietic cells. Understanding the dynamics of epigenetic state transitions between leukemia subpopulations may offer novel targets for leukemia treatment, and facilitate development of epigenetic therapy targeting leukemia initiating cells. Citation Format: Hsing-Chen Tsai, Hariharan Easwaran, Stephen B. Baylin. Epigenetic regulation of stem cell fate in leukemic subpopulations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr B27.
Efficiency of Chinese Banks: A Survey and Suggested Directions for Future Research

This article reviews twenty research articles on Chinese bank efficiency. The methodologies on efficiency and the relationship between efficiency and its correlates are summarized and compared. The primary empirical results and the impact of regulation are categorized and discussed. The implications for future regulation enactments are clarified. We also point out several research remarks for future directions.
Fragmentation of Lignin Samples with Commercial Pd/C under Ambient Pressure of Hydrogen

We report the reagentless cleavage of prevalent β-O-4 linkages in lignin model compounds, as well as the cleavage of several types of organosolv lignins, catalyzed by commercially available Pd/C. Such lignin fragmentation occurred without added reagent if the indigenous double bonds were reduced first or it occurred under conditions in which just 1 atm of hydrogen was added to the system to reduce C═C bonds of the original lignin sample in situ prior to fragmentation. A detailed view of the sites of cleavage of lignin samples from various sources was gained by HSQC NMR experiments. Complex model compounds were prepared and shown to form simpler arenes and substituted phenols under catalytic conditions without added reagents. The hydrogen generated in situ from alcohol functionalities provides the reductant for concomitant hydrogenolysis of C–O bonds in β aryl ethers. Decarbonylation of primary alcohols also occurred, and this process resulted in significant amounts of aromatic products containing substitu...
Occasion setting, inhibition, and the contextual control of extinction in Pavlovian and instrumental (operant) learning

An occasion setter is a stimulus that modulates the ability of another stimulus to control behavior. A rich history of experimental investigation has identified several important properties that define occasion setters and the conditions that give rise to occasion setting. In this paper, we first consider the basic hallmarks of occasion setting in Pavlovian conditioning. We then review research that has examined the mechanisms underlying the crucial role of context in Pavlovian and instrumental extinction. In Pavlovian extinction, evidence suggests that the extinction context can function as a negative occasion setter whose role is to disambiguate the current meaning of the conditioned stimulus; the conditioning context can also function as a positive occasion setter. In operant extinction, in contrast, the extinction context may directly inhibit the response, and the conditioning context can directly excite it. We outline and discuss the key results supporting these distinctions.
The care of pregestational and gestational diabetes and drug metabolism considerations

Introduction: Normal pregnancy development involves gradual decline in insulin sensitivity, which sometimes requires pharmacotherapy. Insulin is the drug of choice for gestational and pregestationa...
But How Do We Do Critical Librarianship

Critical librarianship asks us to look more closely at the sociopolitical world both inside and out of our libraries. Indeed, a lot has happened in the world since I first saw the call for this special issue of OLA Quarterly. First, there was the exposure of an internal memo from a Google employee that denied that women were capable tech workers. Last week, there were escalating threats between Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un about possible nuclear detonations. I finished writing in the wake of white supremacist demonstrations and violence in Charlottesville, Virginia, and as an unprecedented storm geared up to hit Houston. On Twitter and Facebook, I’m seeing fierce debate about whether to let Nazis use library space … and how you would even be able to identify Nazis to kick them out. In short, this is an urgent time to reflect on what critical librarianship is and what its aims are. As the #critlib chats on Twitter have gained interest over the past few years, I have seen the “critical” of critical librarianship interpreted in several overlapping and competing ways. First, critical librarianship is associated, for good reason, with critical theory, or what Kenny Garcia calls a “critical theorist framework that is epistemological, self-reflective, and activist in nature” (2016). Critical theory encompasses the work of many scholars who reflect on and critique social structures. The call for this issue noted that critical librarianship has been criticized for being overly philosophical or theory-heavy. In the case of the #critlib chats, we wanted a place for librarians to talk about how they use critical pedagogy in particular, inspired by the work of Paulo Freire, bell hooks, and other scholars, as well as our own experiences as learners and teachers. Our emphasis, however, was on doing and how practice informed thinking, and in turn, how this new mode of thinking could influence new forms of practice. This spiraling transformative dialog between theory and practice can be described as praxis, and it requires an openness both to learning about new ideas and to try new things.
Robotically-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention: Reasons for partial manual assistance or manual conversion.

Abstract Background Robotically-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) is feasible for simple coronary lesions. Objectives To determine the frequency and reasons for partial manual assistance or manual conversion during R-PCI in clinical practice. Methods The CorPath 200 System (Corindus, Waltham, MA) enables the operator to sit in a radiation-shielded cockpit and remotely control intracoronary devices including guidewires, balloons, and stents. Consecutive R-PCI procedures performed over 18 months were analyzed to identify reasons for planned or unplanned manual assistance or manual conversion, and categorized as due to 1) adverse event; 2) technical limitation of the robotic platform; or 3) limited guide catheter/wire support. Results During the study period, 108 R-PCI procedures (68.1 ± 11.0 years, 77.8% men, 69.4% elective PCI, 78.3% type B2/C lesions, and 50.3% left anterior descending/left main target lesion segment) were performed. High robotic technical success (91.7%) and clinical procedural success (99.1%) were achieved. Twenty procedures (18.5%) required either planned partial manual assistance (3.7%), unplanned partial manual assistance (7.4%), or manual conversion (7.4%). Among these procedures, manual assistance/conversion was required in 3 procedures for an adverse event (15%), 8 for technical limitation of the robotic platform (40%), and 9 for guide catheter/wire support issues (45%). Conclusions High clinical success with R-PCI for a complex lesion cohort is possible with only occasional partial manual assistance or manual conversion. The majority of procedures requiring manual assistance/conversion were due to limited guide catheter/wire support or robotic platform limitations, rather than occurrence of adverse events.
Cognitive Interviewing in Survey Design: State of the Science and Future Directions

Survey pretesting, and cognitive interviewing in particular, are important elements of survey development, and contributions from psychology have made cognitive interviewing one of the most powerful and widely used pretesting tools in survey research. However, widely accepted best practices for cognitive interviewing have been elusive and much of what is done in practice tends to be idiosyncratic, and this provides an extremely important area for future research. This chapter provides an overview of cognitive interviewing and suggests an agenda for future research that will shape the practice of survey pretesting.
Ground-truthing of UAV-based remote sensing data of citrus plants

This paper presents the ground-truthing of remote sensing data of citrus plants collected from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The main advantage of the UAV-based remote sensing is the reduced cost and immediate availability of high resolution data. This helps detect crop stresses throughout the crop season. Near infrared (NIR) images obtained using remote sensing techniques help determine the crop performances and stresses of a large area in a short amount of time for precision agriculture, which aims to optimize the amount of water, fertilizers, and pesticides using site-specific management of crops. However, to be useful for the real-world applications, the accuracy of remote sensing data must be validated using the proven ground-based methods. UAVs equipped with multispectral sensors were flown over the citrus orchard at Cal Poly Pomona’s Spadra Farm. The multispectral/hyperspectral images are used in the determination of vegetation indices that provide information on the health of the plant. Handheld spectroradiometer, water potential meter, and chlorophyll meter were used to collect ground-truth data. Correlations between the vegetation indices calculated using airborne data and proximal sensor data are shown.
Attenuation of pressor responses to arginine vasopressin in right-sided congestive heart failure

Although arginine vasopressin (AVP) is elevated in heart failure, inhibition of the vasopressinergic V1-receptor produces minimal changes in blood pressure. To determine whether the V1 vasoconstrictor effect is attenuated in heart failure, we randomly administered three increasing doses of AVP and methoxamine intravenously to 11 dogs with right-sided congestive heart failure (RHF) and 7 sham-operated dogs. Plasma AVP was elevated in RHF (21 +/- 3 pg/ml) compared with sham-operated dogs (3.8 +/- 0.6 pg/ml). While the pressor response to methoxamine was similar in the two groups, AVP caused a smaller increase in mean aortic pressure in RHF dogs than sham-operated dogs. To determine whether the difference in the pressor response to AVP was caused by greater reflex withdrawal of the sympathetic activity in RHF than sham-operated dogs, we also administered AVP after these animals had been pretreated with prazosin and propranolol. Adrenoceptor blockade exaggerated the pressor response to AVP; however, the increase in mean aortic pressure was still smaller in RHF than sham-operated dogs. The diminished pressor response in adrenoceptor-blocked RHF dogs was associated with a smaller increase in total peripheral vascular resistance compared with similarly treated sham dogs. Thus, although the pressor response to AVP was offset by baroreflex activation, the attenuated pressor effect of AVP in heart failure cannot be explained by sympathetic withdrawal alone. AVP probably exerts a smaller direct vasoconstrictor effect when the vasopressinergic system is chronically activated in heart failure.
Effects of bendamustine, bortezomib, and rituximab on 1-year survival rates in elderly patients newly diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma.

e19537Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of 69. Over the past two decades, several novel agents have been...
Effects of hypercapnia in sepsis: protocol for a systematic review of clinical and preclinical data.

Respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a common manifestation of end-organ damage among patients with sepsis and has a high morbidity and mortality rate, as well as substantial associated treatment costs. Considering the burden of this condition, there is great need to identify novel, pragmatic therapies to improve outcomes in this population. Hypercapnia has shown benefits in several different ex vivo and in vivo models of lung injury. However, it is currently unclear if hypercapnia can confer clinical benefit among patients with sepsis. The objective of this systematic review is to collate the biomedical literature of preclinical and clinical studies testing the effects of higher PaCO2 levels in the setting of sepsis. We will perform a qualitative systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effects of hypercapnia in sepsis. We will search CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE using a comprehensive strategy. We will screen the reference lists of the articles we select for inclusion to identify additional studies for potential inclusion. Two independent reviewers will review all search results. Upon inclusion of articles, we will extract data using a standardized form. We will use tables to describe the study type, population included, exposure and control groups, outcome measures, and effects of exposure on outcome measures compared to controls. This systematic review aims to synthesize the world’s literature on the effects of hypercapnia in the setting of sepsis. We expect this systematic review will find that majority of the studies will demonstrate a potential benefit of higher PaCO2 levels in sepsis. The results of this systematic review will contribute to the understanding of the effects of hypercapnia in the setting of sepsis and promote future research of PaCO2 management in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. The systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic review (PROSPERO # CRD42018086703 ).
A Temperature-Compensated Single-Crystal Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) MEMS Oscillator with a CMOS Amplifier Chip

Self-sustained feedback oscillators referenced to MEMS/NEMS resonators have the potential for a wide range of applications in timing and sensing systems. In this paper, we describe a real-time temperature compensation approach to improving the long-term stability of such MEMS-referenced oscillators. This approach is implemented on a ~26.8 kHz self-sustained MEMS oscillator that integrates the fundamental in-plane mode resonance of a single-crystal silicon-on-insulator (SOI) resonator with a programmable and reconfigurable single-chip CMOS sustaining amplifier. Temperature compensation using a linear equation fit and look-up table (LUT) is used to obtain the near-zero closed-loop temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) at around room temperature (~25 °C). When subject to small temperature fluctuations in an indoor environment, the temperature-compensated oscillator shows a >2-fold improvement in Allan deviation over the uncompensated counterpart on relatively long time scales (averaging time τ > 10,000 s), as well as overall enhanced stability throughout the averaging time range from τ = 1 to 20,000 s. The proposed temperature compensation algorithm has low computational complexity and memory requirement, making it suitable for implementation on energy-constrained platforms such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes.
Classification of truck body types using a deep transfer learning approach

Classification of vehicles is one of the most important tasks in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). While there are various types of sensors for measuring vehicle characteristics, this paper is focused on an image-based vehicle classification system. Most traditional approaches for image-based vehicle classification are computationally extensive and typically require a large amount of data for model training. This paper investigates whether it is possible to transfer the learning of a highly accurate pre-trained model for classifying truck images based on body type. Results show that using a pre-trained model to extract low-level features of images increases the accuracy of the model significantly, even with a relatively small size of training data. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is shown to outperform other types of models to classify trucks based on the extracted features.
Assessing e-Justice Smartness: A New Framework for e-Justice Evaluation Through Public Values

As it is happening in the smart city literature, the topic of measuring the performance of smart e-justice systems is coming to the fore. However, the studies that deal with e-justice performance focus only on efficiency-oriented variables. That approach may be appropriate for Information Systems (IS) evaluation, but it is too simplistic for smart e-justice. E-justice system deployment also has a considerable effect on the broad spectrum of values guiding the administration of justice. Indeed, justice systems as also smart cities in democratic societies provide a set of services, but, above all, support a set of public values. In the case of justice, values belong to the general concept of the rule of law and comprise judges’ independence and impartiality, equality of access, fair trial, and procedural transparency. Since e-justice systems are also supposed to pursue these values, they have to be taken into account in any assessment exercise. In this paper, we present a new evaluative framework that integrates the efficiency-oriented variables derived from the IS literature with variables that measure the capacity of an e-justice system to support justice system public values. To design an integrated e-justice system assessment framework, we focused on the adaptation to e-justice of one of the most widely used frameworks for the evaluation of IS: the DeLone and McLean model. Moreover, through the analysis of the justice systems evaluation literature, we integrated the DeLone and McLean model with variables that focus on justice system values. The framework has been operationalized through a mixed methodology: quantitative analysis (users’ survey and secondary source data) and qualitative (in particular through semi-structured interviews). The framework has been tested by analyzing a real case, the Italian e-filing system Trial Online (TOL; in Italian Processo Civile Telematico—PCT). Through the analysis of the data gathered, we tested the parsimony and the applicability of the framework, and we provided a (non-statistically significant) evaluation of the system.
Evolutionary Explanations of Simple Communication: Signalling Games and Their Models

This paper applies the theoretical criteria laid out by D’Arms et al. (1998) to various aspects of evolutionary models of signalling. The question that D’Arms et al. seek to answer can be formulated as follows: Are the models that we use to explain the phenomena in question conceptually adequate? The conceptual adequacy question relates the formal aspects of the model to those aspects of the natural world that the model is supposed to capture. Moreover, this paper extends the analysis of D’Arms et al. by asking the following additional question: Are the models that we use sufficient to explain the phenomena in question? The sufficiency question asks what formal resources are minimally required for the model to get the right results most of the time.
Stenotrophomonas Bacteremia Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prognostic Determinants: Mayo Clinic 10-Year Experience.

Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative, opportunistic infection that is usually hospital-acquired and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The reported increase in S. maltophilia infections is presumed to be due to an increase in the population at risk. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 10-year data for S. maltophilia bacteremia in hospitalized adults at our institution to determine the population at risk, sources of infection, common complications, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and clinical outcome trends over the past decade. Results Among the 98 patients analyzed, the most common source of infection was catheter-related (62, 63.3%). Most isolates (61, 65%) were resistant to ceftazidime; fewer were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 2, 2.1%) and levofloxacin (22, 23.4%). All-cause in-hospital mortality was 29.6% (29 patients). The highest mortality, 53.8%, was observed in pulmonary sources of bacteremia. Conclusions Although TMP-SMX continues to have reliable activity in our cohort, we noted resistance to TMP-SMX in patients with recent TMP-SMX exposure, including a case with developing resistance to TMP-SMX while on therapy.
Topological control of the nonlinear-optical response of hybrid quantum systems

We map the topological properties of a one-dimensional Kronig–Penny + sinusoidal superlattice to the optical properties of an electronic system. We find that the nonlinear-optical response is optimized for electrons that live in the transitional morphology between topologically protected edge states and delocalized eigenstates. This provides a novel means of tuning any nonlinear-optical response of a hybrid quantum system, which we demonstrate for the important examples of second- and third-harmonic generation, and the optical Kerr effect. We show how these characteristics can be used to mimic saturable absorption and illustrate how “quantum cords” can be used to build an efficient all-optical switch.
Understanding the effects of the direct contacts and the indirect contacts on the epidemic spreading among beef cattle farms in southwest Kansas

Abstract Moving infected animals and sharing contaminated equipment and vehicles are considered as the most effective ways for between-farm disease transmission. The objective of this study is to develop a network-based simulation model to investigate the effects of direct contact, indirect contact, and their combination on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease spread between beef-cattle farms in southwest Kansas, the US. Based on synthetic cattle and truck movement data in southwest Kansas, we build a farm-level contact network with two layers, a cattle movement layer (direct contacts) and a truck movement layer (indirect contacts). The S-E-I-R model is selected to describe the epidemiology of the foot-and-mouth disease with some parameters adopted from published literature. For two parameters — detection time and indirect transmission rate — we perform a sensitivity analysis. Through a thorough simulation analysis of three sets of scenarios, we compare the disease transmission dynamics, the distribution of outbreak epidemic size, and the disease breakout percentage — note that for some simulations an initial infection will not produce a disease outbreak — of different contact structures. Simulation results show that neither direct contact nor indirect contact individually can result in a massive outbreak of the disease, but their combination plays a significant role. Additionally, we detect different probabilities of disease outbreak by starting the simulations at different farms; starting at some farms with high node strength increases the probability of disease outbreak. However, the immunization of the high-risk farms is not enough to control the disease spreading. What’s more, we find that the detection time and indirect transmission rate have great impacts on the epidemic size and disease breakout percentage.
Patient and Surrogate Postenrollment Perspectives on Research Using the Exception From Informed Consent: An Integrated Survey.

Study objective It is important for researchers interested in trials using the exception from informed consent to understand the views and experiences of enrolled individuals. Previous studies have shown that patient and surrogate attitudes are generally positive. These studies were small and did not include pediatric patients, and interviews were often conducted long after trial enrollment. This study sought to explore attitudes toward exception from informed consent in a larger sample and more contemporaneous setting. Methods A 10-item paper-and-pencil survey was integrated into the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial, a randomized trial of 3 treatments for benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus in pediatric and adult patients. Primary domains included attitudes toward trial enrollment, exception from informed consent, and community consultation. Simple descriptive statistics, χ2, and Fisher's exact tests were conducted. Results Of 317 patients and surrogates, 90% agreed with or were neutral about the statement "I am glad that I/my family member was included in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial research study," whereas 10% disagreed. Twenty-seven percent disagreed with enrollment in the study without prospective consent. Black participants were more likely than white, other race, and unknown-race participants to disagree with enrollment without prospective consent (36% versus 23%, 14%, and 14%, respectively). Participants indicated that patients (81%), their families (65%), and those at risk for seizures (51%) were most important to include in community consultation. Conclusion This study aimed to explore attitudes toward exception from informed consent enrollment among participants at all sites in a large, multicenter exception from informed consent trial. General acceptance of trial enrollment was high; acceptance of exception from informed consent specifically was somewhat lower, especially among black participants. Our findings provide further support for targeted community consultation focusing on individuals with connections to the disease under study. Future research should focus on communication in the postenrollment period, especially with individuals who may have concerns about exception from informed consent.
Risk factors and pathogenic analysis in the newborn infants with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objective To investigate the risk factors and microbial causes related to the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP).Methods Totaly 138 intubated newborn infants for longer than 48 hours in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital were studied,who were divided into VAP group (56 cases)and non VAP group(82 cases).Microbial causes of VAP were analyzed.Results Malnutrition,repeated tracheal intubation,repeated endotracheal suctioning,indwelling tube,posture,hyaline membrane disease,gestational age,birth weight,duration of intubation,duration of hospitalization were independent risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia(P<0.05).Klebsiella pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa,acinetobacter species and enterobacter cloacae were the main pathogenic bacteria of VAP.Conclusion Shortening of mechanical ventilation duration,avoiding repeated tracheal intubation and indwelling tube usage,semi-fowler positioning can lower the incidence of VAP.Pathogenic bacteria control is essential for VAP. Key words: Newborn; Ventilator-associated pneumonia; Risk factors
Eating disorder diagnosis and the female athlete: A longitudinal analysis from college sport to retirement

Abstract Objectives Female athletes experience eating disorders (EDs) at clinical, and subclinical, levels; most studies have determined point-prevalence rates through cross-sectional methodologies. To date, few studies have examined the long-term stability of EDs in female athletes; none extend into retirement. Design A longitudinal investigation of ED classification (i.e., Clinical ED, Subclinical ED, Healthy) and weight control behaviors (e.g., vomiting, laxative use) from when athletes actively competed (T1) into their retirement (T2). Methods Participants included U.S. female athletes (N = 193) who were collegiate competitors (T1) and eventually were retired from their collegiate sports six years later (T2). Results At T2, athletes were classified as Healthy (69.9%), Subclinical ED (26.9%), and Clinical ED (3.1%). Overall percentage of Subclinical EDs increased from 18.7% (T1) to 26.9% (T2); 52.8% of T1 Subclinical ED athletes continued to meet criteria for either Subclinical or Clinical ED at T2. Of the 13 Clinical ED athletes at T1, six (46.2%) continued to meet criteria for either a subclinical or clinical ED at T2. Though exercising (2+ hours/day; n = 8, 4.1%) and dieting/fasting (4+ times/year; n = 14, 7.3%) were the most frequently used weight control behaviors at T2, rates were substantially lower than at T1. Conclusions Retirement does not result in immediate remittance of eating concerns among female athletes; many continue or develop Subclinical and Clinical ED symptoms. Thus, addressing healthy body image and nutrition when athletes are competing is imperative to assist prevention and intervention efforts that may alleviate ED symptoms as athletes transition from sport.
Transcriptional rewiring of the GcrA/CcrM bacterial epigenetic regulatory system in closely related bacteria

Transcriptional rewiring is the regulation of different target genes by orthologous regulators in different organisms. While this phenomenon has been observed, it has not been extensively studied, particularly in core regulatory systems. Several global cell cycle regulators are conserved in the Alphaproteobacteria, providing an excellent model to study this phenomenon. First characterized in Caulobacter crescentus, GcrA and CcrM compose a DNA methylation-based regulatory system that helps coordinate the complex life cycle of this organism. These regulators are well-conserved across Alphaproteobacteria, but the extent to which their regulatory targets are conserved is not known. In this study, the regulatory targets of GcrA and CcrM were analyzed by SMRT-seq, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq technologies in the Alphaproteobacterium Brevundimonas subvibrioides, and then compared to those of its close relative C. crescentus that inhabits the same environment. Although the regulators themselves are highly conserved, the genes they regulate are vastly different. GcrA directly regulates 204 genes in C. crescentus, and though B. subvibrioides has orthologs to 147 of those genes, only 48 genes retained GcrA binding in their promoter regions. Additionally, only 12 of those 48 genes demonstrated significant transcriptional change in a gcrA mutant, suggesting extensive transcriptional rewiring between these organisms. Similarly, out of hundreds of genes CcrM regulates in each of these organisms, only 2 genes were found in common. When multiple Alphaproteobacterial genomes were analyzed bioinformatically for potential GcrA regulatory targets, the regulation of genes involved in DNA replication and cell division was well conserved across the Caulobacterales but not outside this order. This work suggests that significant transcriptional rewiring can occur in cell cycle regulatory systems even over short evolutionary distances.
Leçons sur la foi. Introduction à la théologie fondamentale

Que serait la theologie sans l'acte de foi qui la precede et qui la suite, sans "l'amour de Dieu repandu dans les coeurs par le don de l'Esprit Saint"(Rm 5, 5)? Lorsque la raison cherche a comprendre ce que Dieu revele aux hommes de tous les temps, qu'il accomplit definitivement en Jesus-Christ et qu'il confie au ministere de son Eglise, elle le fait selon la foi, c'est-a-dire un acte, un contenu et une lumiere specifiques par lesquels Dieu lui-meme coopere a son effort de comprehension. Cette lumen fidei est l'objet formel de la theologie et l'acte propre qu'elle entraine constitue le coeur de sa methode et de son apprentissage. Un theologie de la foi doit envisager les implications de la vertu theologale de foi pour tout l'ordre de la vie chretienne et principalement pour celui de la connaissance de Dieu, comme des choix qui s'imposent au chretien, defensor et professor fidei. Ces neuf lecons voudraient y introduire. PARTIE I: Intellectum quaerens Lecon 1 Prendre sa source en Dieu Lecon 2 L'acte de foi Lecon 3 Croire et connaitre PARTIE II: Dei Verbum audiens Lecon 4 Acceder a la Revelation divine Lecon 5 Transmettre authentiquement la foi Lecon 6 L'Ecriture, au coeur de la tradition authentique PARTIE III: In Ecclesia credens Lecon 7 La foi sacramentelle Lecon 8 L'Eglise forma fidei Lecon 9 Le sens de la foi
Order-C Secure Multiparty Computation for Highly Repetitive Circuits

Running secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocols with hundreds or thousands of players would allow leveraging large volunteer networks (such as blockchains and Tor) and help justify honest majority assumptions. However, most existing protocols have at least a linear (multiplicative) dependence on the number of players, making scaling difficult. Known protocols with asymptotic efficiency independent of the number of parties (excluding additive factors) require expensive circuit transformations that induce large overheads.
Point, Click, Green Card: Can Technology Close the Gap in Immigrant Access to Justice?

Immigration benefits transform lives. They can take a person from undocumented to documented or from noncitizen to citizen. My recent article, What We Know and Need to Know About Immigrant Access to Justice, 67 S.C. L. REV. 295 (2016), discussed the access to counsel crisis for noncitizens in deportation proceedings. However, we lack a scholarly assessment of the extent to which the problem of inadequate access to legal services extends to affirmative immigration benefits cases and how to fix it. After providing initial empirical support for the notion that a lawyer can be helpful in seeking immigration benefits, this article describes a “donut hole” in access to immigrant legal services. That is, the realities of practice in immigration benefits create an especially pronounced gap in assistance for low-income noncitizens. Next, this article asks how technology can deliver more legal services to those seeking immigration benefits. Across other areas of law, a spirited debate over entities like LegalZoom and pro se software has been taking place, but no such contribution has been made in the unique immigration context. This article gives a taxonomy of the existing tech platforms offering immigration support by probing their terms of use and confidentiality statements, and analyzes the applicability of legal ethics standards to such platforms. Lastly, the article charts a prudent, nuanced path forward for using technology to close the justice gap. It suggests that good can come from these immigration endeavors if tech platforms are used to streamline rather than supplant the attorney-client relationship.
Learning to Hash Robustly, with Guarantees.

The indexing algorithms for the high-dimensional nearest neighbor search (NNS) with the best worst-case guarantees are based on the randomized Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), and its derivatives. In practice, many heuristic approaches exist to "learn" the best indexing method in order to speed-up NNS, crucially adapting to the structure of the given dataset. Oftentimes, these heuristics outperform the LSH-based algorithms on real datasets, but, almost always, come at the cost of losing the guarantees of either correctness or robust performance on adversarial queries, or apply to datasets with an assumed extra structure/model. In this paper, we design an NNS algorithm for the Hamming space that has worst-case guarantees essentially matching that of theoretical algorithms, while optimizing the hashing to the structure of the dataset (think instance-optimal algorithms) for performance on the minimum-performing query. We evaluate the algorithm's ability to optimize for a given dataset both theoretically and practically. On the theoretical side, we exhibit a natural setting (dataset model) where our algorithm is much better than the standard theoretical one. On the practical side, we run experiments that show that our algorithm has a 1.8x and 2.1x better recall on the worst-performing queries to the MNIST and ImageNet datasets.
Immunohistochemical and molecular pathological typing in the differential diagnosis and prognosis risk assessment of endometrial carcinoma

传统上的子宫内膜癌分型是基于病理组织学形态。然而，高级别子宫内膜癌的各亚型在组织学上存在重叠，经常需要借助免疫组织化学辅助诊断。癌症基因组图谱将子宫内膜癌分成4个分子亚型，这种分型与临床风险和预后相关。本文重点讨论免疫组织化学在高级别子宫内膜癌组织学诊断中的应用以及相关分子分型的最新进展。.
Examining National Trends of Teacher Certification in Autism: Implications for Rural Schools:

This study examined the national trends of teacher certification in autism in an effort to better understand the characteristics of individuals who seek this credential, how these characteristics c...
The Economics of Obesity: Why are Poor People Fat?

Publisher Summary Rising rates of obesity, both in North America and worldwide, have been blamed on the food environment. Human physiology, conditioned through evolution, is said to respond poorly to the constantly evolving modern food supply. Processed energy-dense foods, fast foods, snacks and sweets, soft drinks, and larger food portions have all been linked to rising obesity rates. Researchers have long sought to single out a food class underlying the global obesity epidemic. Diet composition was an early focus, with suspicion falling alternately upon sugars and fats. However, the data were rarely consistent. Obesity has now been linked—through a variety of metabolic mechanisms—with excess consumption of dietary sucrose, corn sweeteners, high glycemic-index carbohydrates, fructose, fat, and even protein. Mechanisms regulating food intake were also blamed. Various researchers have suggested that the human body cannot perceive dietary energy provided by liquid beverages or by energy-dense solid foods. Mechanistic interference by intense sweeteners was also mentioned as a contributing factor. This research has failed to explain why obesity rates follow a social gradient, with higher obesity rates observed in disadvantaged neighborhoods and among the working poor. Instead, researchers have published multiple physiological explanations for why obesity is caused by the consumption of protein, starch, sugar, and fat; by caloric and non-caloric sweeteners; by meals and snacks; by beverages and solid foods; by eating in restaurants; and by eating at home.
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems

These proceedings contain the papers selected for publication and presentation at the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS) in Seattle, Washington, USA, from November 4th to 6th, 2009.ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2009 brings together researchers, developers, users, and practitioners carrying out research and development in novel systems based on geo-spatial data and knowledge. The conference fosters interdisciplinary discussions and research in all aspects of Geographic Information Systems and Science (GIS) and provides a forum for original research contributions covering all conceptual, design, and implementation aspects of GIS and ranging from applications, user interface considerations, and visualization down to storage management and indexing issues. This is the second time that the conference is being held under the auspices of the ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information (SIGSPATIAL). This year, we had four conference tracks, namely, regular research papers, industry papers, demonstration track, and a Ph.D. showcase track.
A method for examining the chemical basis for bone disease: synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy.

Infrared microspectroscopy combines microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of chemical microanalysis. Light microscopy provides a way to generate and record magnified images and visibly resolve microstructural detail. Infrared spectroscopy provides a means for analyzing the chemical makeup of materials. Combining light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy permits the correlation of microstructure with chemical composition. Inherently, the long wavelengths of infrared radiation limit the spatial resolution of the technique. However, synchrotron infrared radiation significantly improves both the spectral and spatial resolution of an infrared microspectrometer, such that data can be obtained with high signal-to-noise at the diffraction limit, which is 3-5 microm in the mid-infrared region. In this study, we use infrared microspectroscopy to study the chemical composition of bone using two mapping methods. In the osteon method, linear maps are collected from the center of an osteon (newer bone) to the periphery (older bone) and their chemical compositions are compared. In the transverse method, applied specifically to subchondral bone, line maps are collected from the edge of the articular cartilage (older bone) to the marrow space (newer bone). A significant advantage of infrared microspectroscopy over other chemical methods is that the bone does not need to be homogenized for testing; we are able to study cross-sectional samples of bone in situ at a resolution better than 5 microm and compare the results with morphological findings on stained serial sections immediately adjacent to those examined by infrared microspectroscopy. The infrared absorption bands of bone proteins and mineral are sensitive to mineral content (i.e. carbonate, phosphate, acid phosphate), mineral crystallinity and the content/nature of the organic matrix. In this study, they are analyzed as a function of (1) age, i.e. distance with respect to the center of an osteon, and (2) morphology, i.e. cortical versus cancellous (notably subchondral) bone. Results show that the protein/mineral ratio is higher in younger bone. As bone matures, mineralization increases, as does carbonate substitution into the hydroxyapatite lattice. Finally, most of the changes in chemical composition of bone occur within 20 microm of the site of new bone growth, e.g. the center of an osteon, demonstrating the need for the high spatial resolution achieved only with the use of a synchrotron infrared source.
Electron impact ionization cross-sections of SF3 and SF5

Abstract We report experimental and theoretical studies of the total electron impact ionization cross-sections for the radicals SF 3 and SF 5 . It is shown that for radicals with strongly polar fluoride bonds, the shielding of the attractive dipole interaction potential in the bonding region is important in a proper description of the collision process. The siBED model, which has incorporated the shielding factor, was found to provide cross-sections in agreement with recently re-analyzed experimental data for the species CF x and NF x ( x =1–3), whereas the DM model and the BEB model, on the other hand, showed large discrepancies with experiment. These findings also hold for the two free radicals SF 3 and SF 5 studied here, providing further evidence on the importance of a proper shielding of the dipole potential.
NUCLEAR SPINS OF $sup 125$Cs AND $sup 136$Cs, HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE SEPARATION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENT OF $sup 125$Cs, $sup 127$Cs, AND $sup 136$Cs.

We have used the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method to determine the ground-state nuclear spin, the electronic $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ground-state hyperfine-structure (hfs) separations $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$, and the nuclear magnetic moments of 45-min $^{125}\mathrm{Cs}$ and 13-day $^{136}\mathrm{Cs}$. A more accurate value of the hfs separation of 6.2-hr $^{127}\mathrm{Cs}$ was obtained by combining resonances reported previously with those reported in this work. The collected results are: The errors quoted for the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$'s are twice the standard deviations of least-squares fits to the experimental data. The magnetic dipole moments were obtained from the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$'s by the Fermi-Segr\`e formula; an error of \ensuremath{\sim}1% is taken to include possible hfs anomalies.
Emotions, Values and the Construction of Risk

Dan Kahan's recent article, Two Conceptions of Emotion in Risk Regulation, continues a useful exchange between Kahan and Cass Sunstein about the differences between their prominent approaches to risk regulation: Kahan's cultural cognition approach, which inquires into how emotional appraisals of value influence decision making, and Sunstein's heuristics and biases approach, which focuses on the cognitive mechanisms that shape perceptions about risk. A major contribution of Kahan's work has been its insight into the pervasiveness of emotional influences on the decision-making process. The recognition that emotion pervades decision making raises a difficult normative question: how to distinguish the influences that contribute to good judgment from those that distort judgment. This normative question in turn gives rise to a difficult practical question: how to address the influences that cause distortion. In this brief Response, I argue that tackling this evaluative task requires avoiding mirror impulses: emotions should neither be privileged as inherently desirable nor marginalized as inherently irrational. They should be judged based on what they contribute to the cognitive task at hand. The task at hand, as the Kahan/Sunstein debate defines it, is determining how government should regulate risk. In exploring the question of how this task is best approached, I will also raise a question about how it is defined. I suggest that the very act of framing issues of government policy in terms of risk regulation reflects certain assumptions about how issues present themselves and what sorts of cognitive processes might be required to address them.
READING DIFFERENCES IN OPTOMETRICALLY CONTRASTED GROUPS

Reading differences in speed or comprehensive power of 20 boys and girls, age 14, contrasted between 16 high or low optometric measures were analyzed. Only three speed differences are significant, Heterophoria at Distance for girls, and Heterophoria at Distance and Abduction at Near for the total. These results from reversed method of analysis verified findings in previous studies of differences in optometric measures of contrasted groups of readers and relationships between reading and optometric measures.