cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thalamic transcriptome screening in three psychiatric states

The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in schizophrenia (SZ) and affective disorders by gene expression studies. Owing to reciprocal connectivity, the thalamic nuclei and their cortical fields act as functional units. Altered thalamic gene expression would be expected to occur in association with cortical dysfunction. We screened the expression of the entire human genome of neurons harvested by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) from the thalamic primary relay to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in three psychiatric disease states as compared with controls. Microarray analysis of gene expression showed the largest number of dysregulated genes was in SZ, followed by major depression (MD) and bipolar mood bipolar (BP) (1152, 385 and 288, respectively). Significantly, IGF1-mTOR-, AKT-, RAS-, VEGF-, Wnt- and immune-related signaling, eIF2- and proteasome-related genes were unique to SZ. Vitamin D receptor and calcium signaling pathway were unique to BP. AKAP95 pathway and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis were unique to MD. There are significant differences among the three psychiatric disorders in MDNp cells. These findings offer new insights into the transcriptional dysregulation in the thalamus of SZ/BP/MD subjects.
An Approach to Identifying Inconsistencies in Model-based Systems Engineering☆

Abstract A typical way of managing the inherent complexity of contemporary technical systems is to study them from different viewpoints. Such viewpoints are defined by a variety of factors, including the concerns of interest, level of abstraction, observers and context. Views conforming to these viewpoints are typically highly interrelated since the concerns addressed in the different viewpoints overlap semantically. Such overlaps can lead to inconsistencies. The challenge is to identify and resolve – that is, manage – such inconsistencies. This paper introduces an approach to identifying inconsistencies within the context of Model- Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). In current practice, inconsistencies are typically only discovered after long time intervals, e.g., during reviews. This can result in costly rework or even mission failure. Therefore, actively checking for inconsistencies, and doing so in a continuous fashion, can be valuable. We investigate the hypothesis that all models can be represented by graphs and that inconsistencies can be identified by means of pattern matching. We show that this process is equivalent to inferring inconsistencies by means of deductive reasoning. Finally, we present the results of a proof-of-concept implementation.
A multivariate extension of poisson's theorem

For n ≥ 1, let Xnl,…, Xnn be independent integer-valued random variables, and define Sn = Xnl+···+Xnn. In a recent paper, we obtained a simple proof for the convergence of the distribution of Sn to a Poisson distribution under very general conditions. In this paper, we extend that result to the multidimensional case. Pour n ≥ 1, considerons Xnl,…, Xnn des variables aleatoires prenant des valeurs entieres et definissons Sn = Xnl +···+ Xnn. Dans un article recent nous avons demontre la convergence de la distribution de Sn vers une distribution de Poisson, cela sous des conditions tres generales. Nous etendons ici ce resultat au cas multidimensionnel.
SINC APPROXIMATION OF CAUCHY-TYPE INTEGRALS OVER ARCS

In 1984, Elliott and Stenger wrote a joint paper on the approximation of Hilbert transforms over analytic arcs. In the present paper we sharpen the previously obtained results of Elliott and Stenger, and we also obtain formulas for approximating Cauchy integrals over analytic arcs.
Improving graduated driver licensing systems: A conceptual approach and its implications

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) is a concept for how to transform non-drivers into reasonably safe drivers while minimizing the risks as they learn. Several state GDL programs can be improved by moving their structures closer to an adequate implementation of that concept. The learner stage of a GDL system needs to be long enough for beginners to obtain a thorough introduction to the vagaries of driving. The second or intermediate stage needs to effectively limit exposure to known high risk conditions as novices adapt to being fully in charge of the vehicle. The benefits of GDL to date are due almost entirely to the risk-reducing conditions it implements. To improve the functioning of GDL will probably require a better understanding of teen driving than we presently have. The likelihood of further gains will be enhanced by efforts to learn more about the actual causes of teen crashes, the nature and type of teen driver exposures, and what parents do with their teens during the supervised driving stage of GDL. Without a better understanding of these, and other, phenomena it will be difficult to further reduce crashes among young beginning drivers, whether through GDL enhancements or with other approaches.
Microwave power imaging with ferromagnetic calorimeter probes on bimaterial cantilevers

We report a near-field microscope technique that uses a ferromagnetic film deposited onto a bimaterial cantilever for imaging of microwave power distributions. The bimaterial cantilever absorbs microwave power via the induction of eddy currents and, additionally, in the presence of a biasing magnetic field, via ferromagnetic resonance. The resultant heating of the cantilever leads to deflection that is detected by a laser beam-bounce method. Comparison of images of a microstrip resonator acquired with and without a biasing field indicates that eddy currents induced by the tangential component of the magnetic field play a significant role in cantilever heating.
Phenotypic plasticity in juvenile jellyfish medusae facilitates effective animal–fluid interaction

Locomotion and feeding in marine animals are intimately linked to the flow dynamics created by specialized body parts. This interaction is of particular importance during ontogeny, when changes in behaviour and scale challenge the organism with shifts in fluid regimes and altered functionality. Previous studies have indicated that Scyphozoan jellyfish ontogeny accommodates the changes in fluid dynamics associated with increasing body dimensions and velocities during development. However, in addition to scale and behaviour that—to a certain degree—underlie the control of the animal, flow dynamics are also dependent on external factors such as temperature. Here, we show phenotypic plasticity in juvenile Aurelia aurita medusae, where morphogenesis is adapted to altered fluid regimes imposed by changes in ambient temperature. In particular, differential proportional growth was found to compensate for temperature-dependent changes in viscous effects, enabling the animal to use adhering water boundary layers as ‘paddles’—and thus economize tissue—at low temperatures, while switching to tissue-dominated propulsion at higher temperatures where the boundary layer thickness is insufficient to serve for paddling. This effect was predicted by a model of animal–fluid interaction and confirmed empirically by flow-field visualization and assays of propulsion efficiency.
GalnAsSb Materials for Thermophotovoltaics

Ga{sub 1{minus}x}In{sub x}As{sub 1{minus}y}Sb{sub y} (0.06 < x < 0.2, 0.05 < y < 0.18) epilayers were grown lattice-matched to GaSb substrates by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). For lattice-matched alloys, mirror-like surface morphologies were obtained by both OMVPE and MBE. The 4K photoluminescence (PL) of all layers had a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 10 meV for PL peak emission < 1.9 {micro}m. PL FWHM increased to 30 meV for peak emission {approximately}2.12 {micro}m for OMVPE-grown layers. Nominally undoped layers are p-type with typical 300 K hole concentration of {approximately}9 {times} 10{sup 15} cm{sup {minus}3} and hole mobility {approximately}450 to 580 cm{sup 2}/V-s for OMVPE-grown layers, p- and n-type doping is reported for layers grown with either technique. The ideality factor of diode structures is {approximately}2 for both techniques.
Inspiration produced by bilateral electromagnetic, cervical phrenic nerve stimulation in man

Eddy-current stimulation of both phrenic nerves at the base of the neck in human subjects was carried out to provide inspiration resulting from tetanic diaphragm contraction. The inspired volume obtained was in excess of spontaneous tidal volume. In a practical application of the method to provide artificial respiration, the trains of stimuli would be applied rhythmically. The train rate determines the respiratory rate. The frequency of the pulse in the train needs to be 25/s or slightly higher and the duration of each train should be long enough so that the inspired air velocity will fall to zero; typically requiring about 0.5-0.7 s. >
Coupling of Mitotic Chromosome Tethering and Replication Competence in Epstein-Barr Virus-Based Plasmids

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicates once per cell cycle and segregates with high efficiency yet does not encode the enzymes needed for DNA replication or the proteins required to contact mitotic spindles. The virus-encoded EBNA-1 (EBV nuclear antigen 1) and latent replication origin (oriP) are required for both replication and segregation. We developed a sensitive and specific fluorescent labeling strategy to analyze the interactions of both EBNA-1 with viral episomes and viral episomes with host chromosomes. This enabled investigation of the hypothesis that replication and chromosome tethering are linked through the EBNA-1 protein. We show that deleting EBNA-1 or oriP disrupts mitotic chromosome tethering but removing the dyad symmetry element of oriP does not. Microscopic and biochemical approaches demonstrated that an EBNA-1 mutant lacking residues 16 to 372 bound to oriP plasmids but did not support their mitotic chromosome association and that the mutant lost the ability of wild-type EBNA-1 to associate with interphase chromatin. Importantly, the transient-replication abilities of various mutant forms of EBV plasmids, including the mutant form with the EBNA-1 internal deletion, correlated directly with their chromosome-tethering abilities. These data lead us to propose that EBNA-1 recruits oriP-containing plasmids into chromatin subdomains in interphase nuclei to both engage the host replication machinery and enable the plasmids to adhere to host chromosomes to increase their segregation efficiency.
Long-Acting Bronchodilator Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:To review clinical data on the use of long-acting bronchodilator agents as monotherapy and in combination for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Data Sources:A literature search was performed via MEDLINE (1966–April 2008). In addition, references from publications identified were reviewed. These searches were limited to human data published in the English language. Searches used the following terms: COPD, long-acting β2-agonisls, long-acting anticholinergics, combination therapy, pharmacoeconomics, safety, tiotropium, salmeterol, and formoterol.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Relevant information on the pharmacology, safety, efficacy, pharmacoeconomics, adherence, and available agents used in the treatment of COPD was selected. Randomized clinical trials and retrospective reviews were included.Data Synthesis:The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines provide general management recommendations to guide providers regardin...
The 4465-Å emission spectrum of the BOF2 molecule

Abstract It has been shown that the emitter of the 4465-A bands of the BF 3 discharge is the planar BOF 2 molecule or molecule-ion. Isotope effects and resolved R R K and P P K branches prove that in each electronic state the boron atom is near the center of mass and that all angles are near 120°, as in the BF 3 molecule. Band contour analyses of the origin bands for 11 B 16 OF 2 , 10 B 16 OF 2 , and 10 B 18 OF 2 substantiate that the electronic transition moment is in plane and further fix it as perpendicular to the BO bond.
Multiple agminated Spitz nevi: report of two cases and review of the literature.

: Spitz nevus is most commonly a benign solitary lesion. Multiple lesions arranged in clusters (agminated) are very rare. Malignant degeneration has not been reported. Although spontaneous involution may occur, the nevi are frequently treated by surgical excision. We describe two preschool girls with multiple agminated Spitz nevi, and review the current world literature on multiple Spitz nevi.
On Noncoherent MIMO Channels in the Wideband Regime: Capacity and Reliability

We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wideband Rayleigh block-fading channel where the channel state is unknown to both the transmitter and the receiver and there is only an average power constraint on the input. We compute the capacity and analyze its dependence on coherence length, number of antennas and receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per degree of freedom. We establish conditions on the coherence length and number of antennas for the noncoherent channel to have a "near-coherent" performance in the wideband regime. We also propose a signaling scheme that is near-capacity achieving in this regime. We compute the error probability for this wideband noncoherent MIMO channel and study its dependence on SNR, number of transmit and receive antennas and coherence length. We show that error probability decays inversely with coherence length and exponentially with the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas. Moreover, channel outage dominates error probability in the wideband regime. We also show that the critical as well as cutoff rates are much smaller than channel capacity in this regime
Questioning the quality of maternal caregiving during home visiting.

Purpose: To formulate theory that will provide a meaningful framework for practice and for studies examining the efficacy of maternal-child home visits. Design: Field research, over a period of 8 months, 1995–1996, conducted with one nurse employed by a visiting nurse association in rural New England. A total of 53 home visits were observed; documents and records were reviewed. Methods: Data collection, field-note recording, and analysis were simultaneous. Informal interviewing and observation of the key nurse participant throughout the day focused on her intentions, actions, and meanings as she anticipated, enacted, or reflected on her visits. Client-nurse interaction and client characteristics were described and interpreted. Analysis focused on the nurse's home visits and the consequences of these visits. Findings: The nurse conducted a specific type of home visit, identified as “child-focused,” in three patterns: single, short-, and long-term. The short-term pattern, labeled “questioning the quality of maternal caregiving,” is described in this article. The nurse minimally questioned and then confirmed the quality of maternal caregiving during some visits, while she seriously questioned and then continuously doubted the quality of caregiving in others. The categories of potential consequences of these visits were maternal, child, interactive, and environmental. Conclusions: Future research should address the most effective processes for working with families when nurses doubt the quality of maternal caregiving. Field research was helpful in developing a beginning typology of maternal-child home visits, in understanding practice, and as a basis for further research examining the efficacy of maternal-child home visits.
Latent effects of egg incubation temperature on growth in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

Varied egg incubation temperatures can result in immediate effects on the phenotype of reptiles, and also latent effects that can augment or contradict effects evident at egg hatching. I examined the effects of incubation temperature on embryonic development, hatching morphology, and subsequent growth in multiple populations of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Eggs from wild-caught females in four populations were incubated at up to three temperatures, 23.5, 27, and 301C. Measures of body size were collected immediately after hatching and weekly thereafter, while juveniles were maintained in a common laboratory environment for 8 weeks. Cooler incubation temperatures resulted in longer incubation periods but did not affect conversion of egg mass to hatchling mass. Incubation temperature did not affect hatchling mass or snout vent length (SVL), but did affect subsequent growth in both mass and SVL, which varied by population. Cooler incubation temperatures generally resulted in greater overall growth over 8 weeks of housing all juveniles in a common environment. In A. carolinensis, egg incubation temperature had latent effects on juvenile growth despite the absence of any detected immediate effects on hatchling phenotype. Therefore, the total impact and evolutionary importance of developmental environment should not be assessed or assumed based solely on the phenotype of reptiles at birth or hatching. J. Exp. Zool. 309A, 2008. r 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An ecosystem-based hypothesis for climatic effects on surplus production in California sardine (Sardinops sagax) and environmentally dependent surplus production models

We used environmentally dependent surplus production (EDSP) models to test hypotheses linking changes in habitat area, carrying capacity and surplus production in California sardine (Sardinops saga...
Occurrence Records in Papuasian Aglaia (Meliaceae): A. Pannelliana and A. Puberulanthera from the Southern Karst of Papua New Guinea

Abstract. Aglaia pannelliana is described from limestone habitats in Papua New Guinea's Southern Fold Mts. The extraordinary novelty is easily distinguished by its exceptionally large fruits (to 14.0 × 8.5 cm, dimensions exceeded only by the capsules of A. mackiana), by flowers that are probably the largest in the genus, and by the unique presence of simple hairs on vegetative parts. Distributional notes are also provided for the rarely collected A. puberulanthera, newly documented for the Trans-Fly region.
Long-term legacy of massive carbon input to the Earth system: Anthropocene versus Eocene.

Over the next few centuries, with unabated emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a total of 5000 Pg C may enter the atmosphere, causing CO 2 concentrations to rise to approximately 2000 ppmv, global temperature to warm by more than 8 ° C and surface ocean pH to decline by approximately 0.7 units. A carbon release of this magnitude is unprecedented during the past 56 million years—and the outcome accordingly difficult to predict. In this regard, the geological record may provide foresight to how the Earth system will respond in the future. Here, we discuss the long-term legacy of massive carbon release into the Earth9s surface reservoirs, comparing the Anthropocene with a past analogue, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma). We examine the natural processes and time scales of CO 2 neutralization that determine the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 in response to carbon release. We compare the duration of carbon release during the Anthropocene versus PETM and the ensuing effects on ocean acidification and marine calcifying organisms. We also discuss the conundrum that the observed duration of the PETM appears to be much longer than predicted by models that use first-order assumptions. Finally, we comment on past and future mass extinctions and recovery times of biotic diversity.
The Transfer RNAs of Eukaryotic Organelles

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that organelles contain a complete apparatus for the synthesis of proteins. It is clear that, at least in most cases, organelle tRNAs are transcripts of the organelle genome. The limited number of tRNAs present in organelles in contrast to prokaryotes and the eukaryotic cytoplasm-poses an interesting problem. The chapter discusses the two hypotheses: (1) That organelles evolved via endosymbiosis, and (2) that organelles evolved through invagination and compartmentalization of function. It suggests that either certain codons are not utilized by organelles or that, because of “wobble” at the third position of the anticodon, or a few isoacceptors-all 61 “sense” codons may be translated. As codon recognition by aminoacyl-tRNAs is determined, solely by the tRNA component, these elements of the protein synthetic machinery are in large part, responsible for maintaining the fidelity of the genetic code. The aim of this chapter is to review the development and progress of organelle tRNA research and the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Yeast dom34 Mutants Are Defective in Multiple Developmental Pathways and Exhibit Decreased Levels of Polyribosomes

The DOM34 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is similar to genes found in diverse eukaryotes and archaebacteria. Analysis of dom34 strains shows that progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle is delayed, mutant cells enter meiosis aberrantly, and their ability to form pseudohyphae is significantly diminisehd. RPS30A, which encodes ribosomal protein S30, was identified in a screen for high-copy suppressors of the dom34delta growth defect. dom34delta mutants display an altered polyribosome profile that is rescued by expression of RPS30A. Taken together, these data indicate that Dom34p functions in protein translation to promote G1 progression and differentiation. A Drosophila homolog of Dom34p, pelota, is required for the proper coordination of meiosis and spermatogenesis. Heterologous expression of pelota in dom34delata mutants restores wild-type growth and differentiation, suggesting conservation of function between the eukaryotic members of the gene family.
Molecular Findings Among Patients Referred for Clinical Whole-Exome Sequencing

Importance Clinical whole-exome sequencing is increasingly used for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected genetic disorders. Objective To perform clinical whole-exome sequencing and report (1) the rate of molecular diagnosis among phenotypic groups, (2) the spectrum of genetic alterations contributing to disease, and (3) the prevalence of medically actionable incidental findings such as FBN1 mutations causing Marfan syndrome. Design, Setting, and Patients Observational study of 2000 consecutive patients with clinical whole-exome sequencing analyzed between June 2012 and August 2014. Whole-exome sequencing tests were performed at a clinical genetics laboratory in the United States. Results were reported by clinical molecular geneticists certified by the American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Tests were ordered by the patient’s physician. The patients were primarily pediatric (1756 [88%]; mean age, 6 years; 888 females [44%], 1101 males [55%], and 11 fetuses [1% gender unknown]), demonstrating diverse clinical manifestations most often including nervous system dysfunction such as developmental delay. Main Outcomes and Measures Whole-exome sequencing diagnosis rate overall and by phenotypic category, mode of inheritance, spectrum of genetic events, and reporting of incidental findings. Results A molecular diagnosis was reported for 504 patients (25.2%) with 58% of the diagnostic mutations not previously reported. Molecular diagnosis rates for each phenotypic category were 143/526 (27.2%; 95% CI, 23.5%-31.2%) for the neurological group, 282/1147 (24.6%; 95% CI, 22.1%-27.2%) for the neurological plus other organ systems group, 30/83 (36.1%; 95% CI, 26.1%-47.5%) for the specific neurological group, and 49/244 (20.1%; 95% CI, 15.6%-25.8%) for the nonneurological group. The Mendelian disease patterns of the 527 molecular diagnoses included 280 (53.1%) autosomal dominant, 181 (34.3%) autosomal recessive (including 5 with uniparental disomy), 65 (12.3%) X-linked, and 1 (0.2%) mitochondrial. Of 504 patients with a molecular diagnosis, 23 (4.6%) had blended phenotypes resulting from 2 single gene defects. About 30% of the positive cases harbored mutations in disease genes reported since 2011. There were 95 medically actionable incidental findings in genes unrelated to the phenotype but with immediate implications for management in 92 patients (4.6%), including 59 patients (3%) with mutations in genes recommended for reporting by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Conclusions and Relevance Whole-exome sequencing provided a potential molecular diagnosis for 25% of a large cohort of patients referred for evaluation of suspected genetic conditions, including detection of rare genetic events and new mutations contributing to disease. The yield of whole-exome sequencing may offer advantages over traditional molecular diagnostic approaches in certain patients.
Self-Esteem, Misogyny and Afrocentricity: An Examination of the Relationship between Rap Music Consumption and African American Perceptions:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between African American audiences, rap music videos, Black collective self-esteem, and attitudes towards women. One-hundred and forty-one African American college students participated in a survey measuring their amount of rap music video viewing, collective self-esteem, Afrocentric identity, and their belief that rap degrades women. The results revealed that viewers who consumed more rap music videos also had a higher sense of collective self-esteem. Additionally, individuals who had strong Afrocentric features tended to identify with rap music videos that contained characters with strong Afrocentric features. Finally, consumption of misogynistic rap content was negatively related to the belief that rap music degrades women. These results are discussed in light of Allen's (1993, 2001) cultural lens perspective, Appiah's (2004) theory of ethnic identification and the priming paradigm. Suggestions are made for future research concerning African Americ...
Genetic Mapping of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Genes Implications for Linkage to Blood Pressure in the Dahl Rat

Abstract —The nitric oxide (NO) signaling system, consisting of NO synthases, soluble guanylyl cyclase, and cGMP, plays a prominent role in salt handling and regulation of blood pressure. Soluble guanylyl cyclases are heme-containing heterodimers (α/β). The α1/β1 isoform has greater NO sensitivity than the α1/β2. It has recently been shown that expression of the β subunits is altered in the kidney of the Dahl salt-sensitive rat, ie, the β1 subunit is decreased and the β2 subunit increased. However, whether soluble guanylyl cyclase is linked to salt sensitivity is not known. In the present study, we investigated linkage of guanylyl cyclase genes to blood pressure. α1 and β1 gene loci for soluble guanylyl cyclase were mapped to rat chromosome 2, and the β2 gene locus was mapped to rat chromosome 5 using fluorescent in situ metaphase hybridization. By use of a rat radiation hybrid panel, the gene loci were then further mapped with respect to known quantitative trait locus markers of salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl rat on chromosomes 2 and 5. Genes for α1 and β1 were closely linked by two-point analysis to Na + ,K + -ATPase α1 isoform (LOD of 15.1 and 14.0, respectively) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-δ loci (LOD of 14.3 and 12.9, respectively), which have been previously shown to flank a quantitative trait locus for blood pressure in the Dahl rat. The α1 and β1 genes were closely linked (LOD of 11.3; θ, 0.4). The β2 gene locus was closely linked to the endothelin-2 (ET-2) locus (LOD of 13.0), which has been shown to cosegregate with blood pressure. We conclude that soluble guanylyl cyclase subunit loci, ie, α1, β1, and β2, are good candidates for genes controlling salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl rat.
Flexibility of the DNA‐binding domains of trp repressor

An orthorhombic crystal form of trp repressor (aporepressor plus L-tryptophan ligand) was solved by molecular replacement, refined to 1.65 A resolution, and compared to the structure of the repressor in trigonal crystals. Even though these two crystal forms of repressor were grown under identical conditions, the refined structures have distinctly different conformations of the DNA-binding domains. Unlike the repressor/aporepressor structural transition, the conformational shift is not caused by the binding or loss of the L-tryptophan ligand. We conclude that while L-tryptophan binding is essential for forming a specific complex with trp operator DNA, the corepressor ligand does not lock the repressor into a single conformation that is complementary to the operator. This flexibility may be required by the various binding modes proposed for trp repressor in its search for and adherence to its three different operator sites.
Degradation Kinetics of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds in a Decontamination Process with UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/TiO2 Processes

In this study, degradation aspects and kinetics of organics in a decontamination process were considered in the degradation experiments of advanced oxidation processes (AOP),i.e., UV, UV/H2O, and UV/H2O,/TiO2 systems. In the oxalic acid degradation with different H2O2 concentrations, it was found that oxalic acid was degraded with the first order reaction and the highest degradation rate was observed at 0.1 M of hydrogen peroxide. Degradation rate of oxalic acid was much higher than that of citric acid, irrespective of degradation methods, assuming that degradation aspects are related to chemical structures. Of methods, the TiO2 mediated photocatalysis showed the highest rate constant for oxalic acid and citric acid degradation. It was clearly showed that advanced oxidation processes were effective means to degrade recalcitrant organic compounds existing in a decontamination process.
Rediscovering catatonia: the biography of a treatable syndrome.

Objective Catatonia, a disorder of movement and mood, was described and named in 1874. Other observers quickly made the same recognition. By the turn of the century, however, catatonia was incorporated as a type within a conjured syndrome of schizophrenia. There, catatonia has lain in the psychiatric classification for more than a century. Method We review the history of catatonia and its present status. In the 1970s, the tie was questioned when catatonia was recognized among those with mood disorders. The recognition of catatonia within the neuroleptic malignant syndrome offered effective treatments of high doses of benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), again questioning the tie. A verifying test for catatonia (the lorazepam sedation test) was developed. Soon the syndromes of delirious mania, toxic serotonin syndrome, and the repetitive behaviors in adolescents with autism were recognized as treatable variations of catatonia. Results Ongoing studies now recognize catatonia among patients labeled as suffering from the Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, anti-NMDAR encephalitis, obsessive–compulsive disease, and various mutisms. Conclusion Applying the treatments for catatonia to patients with these syndromes offers opportunities for clinical relief. Catatonia is a recognizable and effectively treatable neuropsychiatric syndrome. It has many faces. It warrants recognition outside schizophrenia in the psychiatric disease classification.
Developmental analysis of three aspects of information processing: sustained attention, selective attention, and response organization

The development of cognitive abilities associated with Luna's (1973) three functional units of the brain was investigated in a sample of 62 children, ages 7 to 11 years, and 16 adults, ages 21 to 48 years. Selective attention, associated primarily with Luria's sensory‐input unit, showed no demonstrable development within the age ranges studied. However, sustained attention, presumably mediated through Luria's arousal unit and its ascending fibers to the cortex, as well as response organization, associated with Luna's organization‐and‐ planning unit, did reflect differential development Capacity for sustained attention showed no appreciable development between 7 and 11 years of age, but there was significant growth in this ability between age 11 and adulthood. Response organization, on the other hand, was found to develop most rapidly between 7 and 11 years of age. These findings are partially consistent with Luria's model of neurodevelopment as well as with research investigating the functional and physio...
Monolayer Film of Gold Nanoparticles on a 3 inch or Larger Silicon Wafer

We chemically synthesized charged gold nanoparticles coated with hydrophobic organic molecules, which are stable in hexane but unstable in toluene. If a hexane droplet with charged gold nanoparticles is mixed with a larger toluene droplet, they immediately float to the airtoluene interface forming a monolayer of close-packed gold nanoparticles. The monolayer can be deposited to any substrate simply by the solvent molecules' evaporation with no limit in size and without using any sophisticated instrument. As a demonstration, we fabricated a very large monolayer of close-packed gold nanoparticles covering the whole surface of a 3 inch silicon wafer. We further showed that excess organic ligand molecules do not affect the charged gold nanoparticles' property of floating to and forming a monolayer at the air-toluene interface. However, these very slowly evaporating molecules remain on a substrate, affect the two-dimensional ordering, and significantly reduce the contrast in scanning electron microscopy.
Space stations for the United States: An idea whose time has come—and gone?

Abstract While the first space station in American culture was described in an 1869 work of fiction in the Atlantic Monthly, in the twentieth century the idea proliferated through all cultures as the sine qua non enabling technology for space exploration. In the latter part of the 1960s many in the leadership of NASA realized that the kind of resources that had been made available for the sprint to the Moon that was Project Apollo would not be repeated. They turned to advocating the development of major projects that would create for the United States a permanent infrastructure in space, and eventually the capability to leave Earth permanently. This involved as its centerpieces the development of an orbital workshop leading to a space station, and a reusable vehicle to transport people and cargo to and from Earth orbit with a modicum of efficiency. This found realization through the building of the International Space Station (ISS) at the end of the century. But even as ISS became a reality, on February 1, 2003, its role was made tenuous by the loss of the Columbia space shuttle and the grounding of the fleet. On January 14, 2004, moreover, President George W. Bush announced a reorientation of NASA's programs to emphasize a return to the Moon and a human expedition to Mars. In that context, he advocated the retirement of the Space Shuttle by 2010 and the ending of U.S. involvement in ISS before 2020. Suddenly, the space station had become irrelevant to American efforts in space. The history of space stations and their development over time, and what it portends for the future of space policy, is the subject of this essay.
Energy recovery for low-power CMOS

Energy recovery, as a means to trade off power dissipation for performance in CMOS logic circuits, is analyzed and investigated. A mathematical model is presented to estimate the efficiency for two energy-recovery approaches under varying conditions of voltage swing, transition time, and MOS device parameters. This model can be directly compared to the well-known model for supply-voltage scaling, which is the prevalent method for trading power dissipation for performance. The two models are evaluated against SPICE simulations. Excluding body effects, which would not be present in CMOS process technologies such as Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI), the simulations and the equations agree to within 10%. The simulations also indicate that energy recovery, when implemented with circuit techniques such as bootstrapping, can significantly outperform the supply-voltage-scaled approach across a wide range of operating frequencies. To further investigate this result, two eight-bit adder designs, one based on supply-voltage scaling and the other on energy recovery, are simulated and compared.
Cognitive Factors in Learning about Structured Sequences: Applications to Syntax

Cognitive science has developed a number of experimental techniques for studying how people learn about sequentially structured stimulus material. We describe these techniques, review findings they have produced, and discuss the findings' relevance for understanding the mastery of syntax during second language learning. Three issues are addressed: (a) the nature or content of what is learned and how it might be represented in the language learner's knowledge base, paying special heed to acquiring abstract rules versus generalizing across stored examples, (b) the role of conscious awareness in syntactic learning, and (c) the role of limited-capacity processing or focal attention in syntactic learning. Care is taken to distinguish between the latter two factors—Focal attention to the task of learning about syntax and conscious awareness of particular syntactic structures are not the same thing and may well play different roles in successful acquisition.
Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis, Troponin Elevation and Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease

The advancements in technology and diagnostic studies in cardiology have helped the clinician but also resulted in sometimes confusing clinical pictures when attempting to diagnosis an acute MI. This chapter will review the use of cardiac biomarkers in the setting of the current universal definition of acute MI, the pitfalls in interpreting the cause of troponin elevations, and discuss controversies regarding AMI presentations when angiography reveals ‘normal’ coronary arteries.
An XUV dual-comb source for precision spectroscopy

Intracavity high-harmonic generation has extended the frequency comb into the XUV spectral region. We demonstrate a dual-comb system enabling detection of individual comb teeth for a more robust approach to precision spectroscopy in the VUV/XUV.
Two New Gasteromycetes

During the summer of 1938 the author collected a number of soil s-amples near near East Lansing, Michigan, to determine whether or not Gasterella lutophila Zeller & Walker could be found. The results of that study may be found in a previous paper.1 In addition to G. lutophila, fruiting-bodies of another fungus developed during the last of July, 1938, on one of the soil samples that came from a particular wood-lot. On October 11 samples of soil were obtained in triplicate from the same spot from which the earlier sample had been taken. Fruiting-bodies of this same new fungus were first observed on one of these collections on October 29. On a second lot of the soil fruiting-bodies did not appear until November 7, 1938. The methods of study were the same as those employed for Gasterella lutophila. Because of its similarity in many particulars to Gasterella the writer suggests the generic name Gasterellopsis for this new fungus. The basidiocarps of Gasterellopsis were first visible on the surface of the soil in from 18 to 26 days after the soil was collected and prepared. The first sign of the fungus was the appearance of minute wefts of loose, white hyphae. These developed into the mature fruiting-bodies in four to six days. Most of the specimens developed on the surface of the soil, but occasionally a specimen formed just below the surface and pushed the soil particles aside as it grew. A scarcity of specimens between the youngest and mature stages prevented discovery of the details of development of the glebal
DERM/INFONET Achieves "Very Friendly" Status

DERM/INFONET, a group of dermatologic data bases, has been reorganized for easy log-ons and log-offs, plus fast, unambiguous selections from simplified menus. DERM/RX and DERM/PHARM data bases are dermatologic exclusives. The medical literature search will retrieve the most unencumbered dermatologic information for both the academician and clinician for getting the day's work done.
LSTM CCG Parsing.

We demonstrate that a state-of-the-art parser can be built using only a lexical tagging model and a deterministic grammar, with no explicit model of bi-lexical dependencies. Instead, all dependencies are implicitly encoded in an LSTM supertagger that assigns CCG lexical categories. The parser significantly outperforms all previously published CCG results, supports efficient and optimal A decoding, and benefits substantially from semisupervised tri-training. We give a detailed analysis, demonstrating that the parser can recover long-range dependencies with high accuracy and that the semi-supervised learning enables significant accuracy gains. By running the LSTM on a GPU, we are able to parse over 2600 sentences per second while improving state-of-the-art accuracy by 1.1 F1 in domain and up to 4.5 F1 out of domain.
Sympathetic and Celiac Plexus Blocks

Sympathetic blocks are used for the treatment of pain when signs and symptoms of sympathetically maintained pain are present. Additional or alternative treatments are necessary for the care of many patients with complex regional pain syndromes. Celiac plexus blocks are used for the treatment of pain associated with pancreatic cancer and celiac blocks have been shown to have positive results in multiple randomized trials.
Rational Points on Twisted K3 Surfaces and Derived Equivalences

Using a construction of Hassett and Verilly-Alvarado, we produce derived equivalent twisted K3 surfaces over Q, Q 2, and R, where one has a rational point and the other does not. This answers negatively a question recently raised by Hassett and Tschinkel.
Can Scientific Constraints be Violated Rationally

Serious scientific problems are rarely simple matters of explaining empirical data. A deep problem is highly conceptual. Its very statement — its very existence — presupposes an elaborate theoretical background, and the constraints or conditions of adequacy on its solution are predominantly conceptual rather than empirical. The solutions to many conceptual problems are theories. In working out the solution to such a problem, a scientist is reasoning to a new theory. Typically, this reasoning is both restricted and heuristically guided by the constraints on a successful problem solution, constraints which set the problem in its most specific form.1
Seed size and sex ratio in spinach: Application of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis to plants

AbstractPlants germinating from large spinach seeds have a significantly male-biased sex ratio while small seeds yield a female-biased sex ratio, as predicted by the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. This male-biased sex ratio is not due to differential germination or survivorship, nor is it the result of sexual lability. Seeds yielding males are not more likely to occur at lower nodes, or to be the first seed initiated at a node or to have fewer siblings at a node than females. Seeds yielding males acquire a disproportionate share of resources. Interestingly, the gender, but not the size of previously initiated seeds had a profound effect on the size of subsequent seeds and on the likelihood that these seeds would germinate. Males following females were much larger than females following males. If all of the previous seeds initiated at a node were of the same gender, the likelihood that subsequent seeds would fail to germinate was more than four times greater than if the previously initiated seeds were not of ...
Trust in Automated Agents is Modulated by the Combined Influence of Agent and Task Type

Trust in automation is an important topic in the field of human factors and has a substantial impact on both attitudes towards and performance with automated systems. One variable that has been shown to influence trust is the degree of human-likeness that is displayed by the automated system with the main finding being that increased human-like appearance leads to increased ratings of trust. In the current study, we investigate whether humanness unanimously leads to higher trust or whether the degree to which an agent is trusted depends on context variables (i.e., task type). For that purpose, we created a task with a social (i.e., judging emotional states from the eye region) and an analytical component (i.e., mathematical task) and measured how strongly participants complied to human, avatar or computer agents when performing the social versus the analytical version with them. We hypothesized that human-like agents are trusted more on social tasks, while machine-like agents are trusted more on analytica...
“Trocar agujas por la pluma”: las pioneras de la prensa de y para mujeres en Chile, 1860-1890

This paper analyzes the first period of periodical press by and for women in Chile: “The Pioneers” (1850-1890). It offers the first registry of publications within the period. There are 16 newspapers and magazines which were indexed and categorized. Taking into consideration the concept of public sphere and the perspective of gender, four types of women to women publications were identified. They show the emergence of feminine topics associated to undertakings within the possibilities given by the public sphere and the ability of these women to assume a counter-public role. Thus they are evidence of women’s participation in the written culture.
Physics-Based computational modeling of moisture ingress in solar modules: Location-specific corrosion and delamination

The long term reliability of solar modules is an important criterion to drive down the levelized costs of PV systems. However, the on-site degradation due to moisture ingress in solar modules still plagues majority of current solar modules and ultimately results in loss of power output or complete failure of modules. Understanding the physics of failure mechanism and predicting the module lifetime under operating conditions is crucial to developing strategies to mitigate such degradation. Towards that goal, we developed a detailed physics-based computational modeling framework to predict the module lifetime based on real-time environmental and test conditions. Specifically, this versatile framework is used to address two degradation mechanisms associated to moisture ingress, namely, corrosion and delamination. Our use of the model to predict performance degradation in Arizona and Florida are in general agreement with field data.
Identifiable risk factors for thirty-day complications following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Objectives: Shoulder arthroscopy has increased in frequency over the past decade, with rotator cuff repair comprising the majority of cases performed. Prior studies have detailed risk factors for 3...
Hydrogen mobility in the lightest reversible metal hydride, LiBeH3.

Lithium-beryllium metal hydrides, which are structurally related to their parent compound, BeH2, offer the highest hydrogen storage capacity by weight among the metal hydrides (15.93 wt. % of hydrogen for LiBeH3). Challenging synthesis protocols have precluded conclusive determination of their crystallographic structure to date, but here we analyze directly the hydrogen hopping mechanisms in BeH2 and LiBeH3 using quasielastic neutron scattering, which is especially sensitive to single-particle dynamics of hydrogen. We find that, unlike its parent compound BeH2, lithium-beryllium hydride LiBeH3 exhibits a sharp increase in hydrogen mobility above 265 K, so dramatic that it can be viewed as melting of hydrogen sublattice. We perform comparative analysis of hydrogen jump mechanisms observed in BeH2 and LiBeH3 over a broad temperature range. As microscopic diffusivity of hydrogen is directly related to its macroscopic kinetics, a transition in LiBeH3 so close to ambient temperature may offer a straightforward and effective mechanism to influence hydrogen uptake and release in this very lightweight hydrogen storage compound.