cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic body radiation therapy and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of biological equivalent dose and local control

Abstract Purpose To determine the relationship between tumor control probability (TCP) and biological effective dose (BED) for radiation therapy in medically inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials Forty-two studies on 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and SBRT for stage I NSCLC were reviewed for tumor control (TC), defined as crude local control ≥ 2 years, as a function of BED. For each dose-fractionation schedule, BED was calculated at isocenter using the linear quadratic (LQ) and universal survival curve (USC) models. A scatter plot of TC versus BED was generated and fitted to the standard TCP equation for both models. Results A total of 2696 patients were included in this study (SBRT: 1640; 3D-CRT: 1056). Daily fraction size was 1.2-4 Gy (total dose: 48-102.9) with 3D-CRT and 6-26 (total dose: 20-66) with SBRT. Median BED was 118.6 Gy (range, 68.5-320.3) and 95.6 Gy (range, 46.1-178.1) for the LQ and USC models, respectively. According to the LQ model, BED to achieve 50% TC (TCD 50 ) was 61 Gy (95% confidence interval, 50.2-71.1). TCP as a function of BED was sigmoidal, with TCP ≥ 90% achieved with BED ≥ 159 Gy and 124 Gy for the LQ and USC models, respectively. Conclusions Dose-escalation beyond a BED 159 by LQ model likely translates into clinically insignificant gain in TCP but may result in clinically significant toxicity. When delivered with SBRT, BED of 159 Gy corresponds to a total dose of 53 Gy in 3 fractions at the isocenter.
A blocker-tolerant RF front end with harmonic-rejecting N-path filtering

A 0.2-1 GHz RF front end with a harmonic-rejecting N-path filter (HR-NPF) features tunable narrow band filtering as well as high attenuation at the 3rd and 5th order LO harmonics at the LNA output. The B1dB-CP is -2.4dBm at a 20MHz offset, and remains high at the 3rd and 5th LO harmonics thanks to the HR-NPF configuration. The reverse isolation of the LNA helps to keep the LO emission below -90dBm. The two-stage harmonic rejection approach offers >51dB harmonic rejection ratio at the 3rd and 5th LO harmonics without calibration. The front end consumes 26-32mA while occupying an area of 0.77mm 2 .
Karyotypes of six species of african Cichlidae (Pisces: Perciformes).

Diploid numbers of 40–46 were found among the 6 species of African Cichlidae included in this karyotypic study. More species must be studies before any generalized conclusions regarding correlations between karyotypic morphology and phylogeny can be made.
Physical interpretation of orthogonal Hilbert space transformations in tight-binding systems with nonorthogonal bases

We study a recently introduced Hilbert space transformation from a nonorthogonal basis to an orthogonal basis, with an emphasis on the physical interpretation of the new Hilbert space. We find that the new Hilbert space may be interpreted as an orthogonal basis in the same physical space, wherein the basis overlap is formally transferred to the hopping matrix elements in the orthogonal system. The result is a standard tight-binding system in an orthogonal basis, with long-range hopping. The procedure is illustrated using an infinite one-dimensional hopping system with nearest-neighbor overlap. We also use the formal procedure to solve for the transmission characteristics of an impurity site coupled with semi-infinite leads, as an example of the interpretive power of the ordinary tight-binding formalism in the case of transport in the presence of basis-overlap effects: the antiresonances are produced, in the orthogonal space, by the presence of second-nearest-neighbor hopping.
Modulation of the Triceps Surae H-Reflex with Training

Thirteen neurologically healthy adults were asked to balance on a specially designed balance board. This board allowed rotation in the sagittal plane only. Muscle activity of the triceps surae and tibialis anterior was sampled at 2 kHz and recorded. When the subject was balanced, soleus H-reflexes were elicited in the right leg with a constant-current stimulus pulse. The peak to peak amplitude of the soleus H-reflex served as the perturbation to the subject's balance as well as the dependent variable in question. Subjects performed three blocks (7 H-reflexes/block) of standing control trials with the balance board supported, and seven blocks of balancing trials. Prior to each block, maximal M-waves were recorded to ensure electrode stability across blocks. Results indicated that the subjects were able to significantly reduce (p <. 001) the gain the soleus H-reflex while balancing and after the balance training. As a group, the subjects decreased their peak to peak amplitude of the soleus H-reflex by 26.2 ...
Down syndrome and megakaryocytic leukemia/transient myeloproliferative disorder: when does it begin?

The patterns of malignancy suffered by Down syndrome (DS) children have fascinated oncologists, specifically the 10- to 20-fold increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with non-DS children, and the reduced susceptibility to developing
Constructing Territory, Constructing Citizenship: The Daughters of the American Revolution and ‘Americanisation’ in the 1920s

This article examines the construction of national security and patriotic citizenship discourses during the early twentieth century as America rose to global geopolitical prominence. Although the US government had a strong stake in Americans’ reception of these discourses, the focused efforts of private groups were the medium through which they were expressly cultivated. The Daughters of the American Revolution offers an important example of a private group that aimed to contribute to and reinforce conservative patriotic discourse, although its complicated range of activities were seen by different commentators as either progressive or reactionary. Through some of its major organisational initiatives of ‘Americanisation’, national security and immigrant education, the DAR produced instructional texts on American territoriality and security and ideal American citizenship.
Highly reactive equivalents of allylidenetriphenylphosphoranes for the stereospecific synthesis of 1,3-dienes by cis-olefination of hindered aldehydes

Ylides derived from 3-dimethylaminopropyltriphenylphosphonium salts react smoothly and stereospecifically with even hindered aldehydes to form Z-olefins which are easily converted to 1,3-dienes.
Independence between the amount and structure of variability at low force levels

The purpose of the current experiment was to investigate the amount (standard deviation (S.D.) and coefficient of variation (CV)) and structure (approximate entropy (ApEn)) of force variability at very low force levels. Participants produced isometric force output of index finger abduction at five levels (0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 N) with high and low visual feedback gain. The findings showed that: subjects scaled their force output to the targets; S.D. increased non-linearly with force level and decreased with visual gain; and CV decreased with force level as well as visual gain. ApEn of the force output did not change as a function of force level, although the high gain increased ApEn in contrast to low gain. It is proposed that the recruitment of additional motor units at very low force levels does not significantly alter the structure of the force output, although it does increase the magnitude of force and its amount of variability. Overall, the findings provide evidence that the amount and structure of motor variability can be influenced by separate control processes at low force levels.
An Axisymmetric Hydrodynamical Model for the Torus Wind in Active Galactic Nucleus. III. Spectra from Three-Dimensional Radiation Transfer Calculations

We calculate a series of synthetic X-ray spectra from outflows originating from the obscuring torus in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Such modeling includes 2.5-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of an X-ray excited torus wind, including the effects of X-ray heating, ionization, and radiation pressure. Three-dimensional radiation transfer calculations are performed in the three-dimensional Sobolev approximation. Synthetic X-ray line spectra and individual profiles of several strong lines are shown at different inclination angles, observing times, and for different characteristics of the torus. Our calculations show that rich synthetic warm absorber spectra from three-dimensional modeling are typically observed at a larger range of inclinations than was previously inferred from simple analysis of the transmitted spectra. In general, our results are supportive of warm absorber models based on the hypothesis of an X-ray excited funnel flow and are consistent with characteristics of such flows inferred from observations of warm absorbers from Seyfert 1 galaxies.
Protection from arrhythmias of cultured heart cells by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Summary The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, sulfinpyrazone and indomethacin were tested at 10 −10 − 10 −5 M for their effect on arrhythmias of monolayer cultures of neonatal rat heart myocytes. Arrhythmias produced by reoxygenation were prevented or significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) by either indomethacin or salicylic acid at 10 −9 M. Acetylsalicylic acid and sulfinpyrazone, while not significantly anti-arrhythmic, produced consistent numerical inhibition of arrhythmias at 10 −9 M.
Mapping visual stimuli to perceptual decisions via sparse decoding of mesoscopic neural activity

In this talk I will describe our work investigating sparse decoding of neural activity, given a realistic mapping of the visual scene to neuronal spike trains generated by a model of primary visual cortex (V1). We use a linear decoder which imposes sparsity via an L1 norm. The decoder can be viewed as a decoding neuron (linear summation followed by a sigmoidal nonlinearity) in which there are relatively few non-zero synaptic weights. We find: (1) the best decoding performance is for a representation that is sparse in both space and time, (2) decoding of a temporal code results in better performance than a rate code and is also a better fit to the psychophysical data, (3) the number of neurons required for decoding increases monotonically as signal-to-noise in the stimulus decreases, with as little as 1% of the neurons required for decoding at the highest signal-to-noise levels, and (4) sparse decoding results in a more accurate decoding of the stimulus and is a better fit to psychophysical performance than a distributed decoding, for example one imposed by an L2 norm. We conclude that sparse coding is well-justified from a decoding perspective in that it results in a minimum number of neurons and maximum accuracy when sparse representations can be decoded from the neural dynamics.
A robust controller design for drive by wire hydraulic power steering system

In this paper, a sliding mode controller cascaded by the frequency shaped optimal controller for drive by wire hydraulic power steering system utilizing sliding mode and exponentially convergent observers is presented. Using the robustness implications of the sliding mode control theory and the structural properties of the hydraulic power steering system, a nonlinear controller cascaded by an optimal linear controller is designed to stabilize the steering system dynamics and track the steering wheel reference. Lyapunov based controller design satisfies strong robustness with respect to bounded modeling and parameter uncertainties. The controller and the observer are based on an eight-order nonlinear state-space model of the hydraulic power steering system which is developed, validated numerically with experimental data. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the observer and the performance of the tracking controller.
Eigenstate‐resolved Vibrational State Mixing in Jet‐Cooled 1‐Butyne Near 3333 cm−1

In the high resolution infrared spectrum of the acetylenic C —H stretch of 1-butyne, considerable vibrational state mixing is observed. The multiplets of sharp features observed under cooled jet conditions (3 K) are attributed to vibrational state mixing. A dependence of the intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) on the rotational quantum numbers, J and Ka, is found.
Placement stability metrics

To achieve timing closure, one often has to run through several iterations of physical synthesis flows, for which placement is a critical step. During these iterations, one hopes to consistently move towards design convergence. A placement algorithm that is "stable" will consistently drive towards similar solutions, even with changes in the input netlist and placement parameters. Indeed, the stability of the algorithm is arguably as important a characteristic as the wirelength it achieves. However, currently there is no way to actually quantify the stability of a placement algorithm. This work seeks to address the issue by proposing metrics that measure the stability of a placement algorithm. Our experimental results examine the stability of three different placement algorithms with our proposed metrics and convincingly illustrate that some algorithms are quantifiably more stable than others. We believe that this opens the door to applying different standards for evaluating placement algorithms in terms of their effectiveness for achieving timing closure.
Wind-Induced Vibrations in Antenna Members

Results of wind-tunnel tests of wind-induced vibrations in circular aluminum tubular members of large radar antenna space frames; curve for von Karman lift coefficient and semi-empirical means for evaluating effect of self-amplification of vibrations is presented; system of aerodynamic spoilers and their application. (22 refs.)
Bayesian techniques for deconvolution

A new methodology to demodulate digital signals with intersymbol interference is proposed. The approach decouples the exponential complexity from both the filtering lag and the channel length, which is present in other high performance demodulators. >
Reduced Ig Class Switch in Aged Mice Correlates with Decreased E47 and Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase

The capacity to class switch the IgH chain is critical to the effectiveness of humoral immune responses. We show that in vitro-stimulated splenic B cells from senescent mice are deficient in production of multiple class switch isotypes (IgG1, G2a, G3, and E), class switch recombination (CSR), and induction of the E2A-encoded transcription factor E47. E47 has previously been shown to be required for CSR, at least in part via expression of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Our studies show that impaired induction of E47, and subsequently activation-induced cytidine deaminase, contribute to poor CSR and production of secondary isotypes in senescence.
Cell-cycle regulators cdk2ap1 and bicalutamide suppress malignant biological interactions between prostate cancer and bone cells.

INTRODUCTION We examined whether the novel cell-cycle regulator cdk2-associated protein 1 (p12cdk2ap1 or cdk2ap1), recently shown to regulate prostate cancer cell cycle and apoptosis, could have the capacity to reduce invasiveness and/or reduce malignant biological interactions between prostate cancer and bone cells. We also examined whether combining two cell-cycle arrest stimuli, cdk2ap1 plus bicalutamide (or casodex, CDX), could help enhance inhibition of prostate cancer cell phenotypes. METHODS We stably expressed cdk2ap1 in prostate cancer cell lines using lentiviral vectors, as well as several different co-culture assays to quantify cellular invasion, migration, and the effect of the treatments on interaction with the bone microenvironment. RESULTS We have determined that cdk2ap1 can further augment the effects of CDX on cell-cycle arrest, growth inhibition, and cellular invasion. Using a coculture model, we observed that either cdk2ap1 or cdk2ap1/CDX combination were able to reduce chemotaxis towards osteoblasts, and also reduce the osteoblastic proliferative response to prostate cancer. Also modified by cdk2ap1 and CDX were several signaling pathways associated with prostate cancer/bone crosstalk mechanisms involved in prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that either cdk2ap1 or the cdk2ap1/CDX combination hold promise in regulating prostate cancer growth and malignant phenotypes, and potentially also in reducing procarcinogenic interactions with a bone microenvironment model, restoring malignant phenotypes and signaling to a more benign state. Prostate 77:353–367, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multi-scale nest-site selection by black-backed woodpeckers in outbreaks of mountain pine beetles

Areas of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks in the Black Hills can provide habitat for black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus), a U.S. Forest Service, Region 2 Sensitive Species. These outbreaks are managed through removal of trees infested with mountain pine beetles to control mountain pine beetle populations and salvage timber resources. To minimize impacts to blackbacked woodpeckers while meeting management objectives, there is a need to identify characteristics of these areas that support black-backed woodpeckers. We examined the habitat associations of this species nesting in areas of beetle outbreaks in the Black Hills, South Dakota in 2004 and 2005. We used an information theoretic approach and discrete choice models to evaluate nest-site selection of 42 woodpecker nests at 3 spatial scales—territory, nest area, and nest tree. At the territory scale (250 m around nest), availability and distribution of food best explained black-backed woodpecker selection of beetle outbreaks versus the surrounding forest. Selection at the territory scale was positively associated with densities of trees currently infested by mountain pine beetles and indices of wood borer (Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) abundance, and was greatest at distances of 50–100 m from the nearest patch of infestation. At the nest-area scale (12.5 m radius around the nest), densities of snags positively influenced nest-area selection. Finally, at the nest-tree scale, aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 3–5-yearold ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) snags were important resources. The association between abundant wood-boring insects and black-backed woodpeckers creates a difficult challenge for forest managers. In the absence of fire, areas of beetle outbreak might serve as the only substantial source of habitat in the Black Hills. Regulating insect populations via salvage logging will reduce key food resources to black-backed woodpeckers during nesting. Therefore, given the relatively infrequent occurrence of large-scale fire in the Black Hills, management should recognize the importance of beetlekilled forests to the long-term viability of the black-backed woodpecker population in the Black Hills.
Mechanistic Study of CO 2 Plasma Damage to OSG Low k Dielectrics

A mechanistic study of CO 2 plasma damage to OSG (organosilicate glass) low-k films was performed using both inductive-coupled ICP and capacitive-coupled RIE sources with varying plasma energy and density. The nature of the damage was investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The spectroscopic data were used to examine the origin of the dielectric loss based on the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relation to follow the change of the polarization components. Upon plasma treatment, the electronic dielectric constant was found to drop first and then rise to reach saturation while the ionic component increased and became saturated. Overall the dipolar contribution was found to dominate the dielectric loss. The extent of CO 2 plasma damage was found to depend on the plasma density, plasma energy and the low k chemistry. Compared with the O 2 plasma, the CO 2 plasma induced less damage probably due to the compensation effect of the carbon in the CO 2 plasma. While the RIE CO 2 plasma induced mostly surface damage, the ICP plasma generated more damage in the bulk of the low k material.
Coplanar waveguide slot-coupled patch antenna electronic scanning array for on-the-move SATCOM

The design of a K a -band coplanar waveguide slot-coupled patch antenna ESA with integrated MEMS phase shifters has been described above. The incorporation of MEMS phase shifters into the ESA design results in a compact, efficient uplink mechanism for a future Army satellite communication system. A control board for biasing the phase shifters and initiating beam steering will be incorporated into the final array. The details of this design and the measured beam steering results of the fully-fabricated demonstrator array will be presented at the 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Conference.
Fatty acid synthase phosphorylation: a novel therapeutic target in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells

Introduction The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a validated therapeutic target in breast cancer. Heterodimerization of HER2 with other HER family members results in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of signal transduction pathways. HER2 overexpression increases the translation of fatty acid synthase (FASN), and FASN overexpression markedly increases HER2 signaling, which results in enhanced cell growth. However, the molecular mechanism and regulation of HER2 and FASN interaction are not well defined. Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 in breast cancer cells, resulting in apoptosis. We hypothesized that FASN is directly phosphorylated by HER2, resulting in enhanced signaling and tumor progression in breast cancer cells.
Wavelets and T-pulses

Summary form only given, as follows. One attractive application of the wavelet is as a basis function that is of compact support both in the original and in the transform domain. However, this is not possible from a theoretical point of view. Namely, a pulse that is limited in time cannot simultaneously be limited in frequency. However, from a practical point of view, one can concentrate (a percentage) of the energy in a particular band (say 99%). Moreover, wavelets have no 'DC' component. Hence a numerical optimization procedure can be designed to generate wavelets with such desired properties. From a users' point of view, additional constraints are required, for example zero intersymbol interference. This requirement guarantees that the waveshapes are orthogonal to its time shifted versions. For radar applications such a requirement would guarantee pulse to pulse orthogonality. A numerical optimization technique has been designed to generate a waveshape with such properties. Such waveshapes has been termed "T-pulses". The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the equivalence between T-pulses and wavelets. Examples are presented to illustrate how T-pulses can be used for efficient radar target identification applications. >
Bilateral cleft lip and palate: A morphometric analysis of facial skeletal form using cone beam computed tomography

Bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) is caused by a lack of merging of maxillary and nasal facial prominences during development and morphogenesis. BCLP is associated with congenital defects of the oronasal facial region that can impair ingestion, mastication, speech, and dentofacial development. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, 7- to 18-year old individuals born with BCLP (n = 15) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 15) were retrospectively assessed. Coordinate values of three-dimensional facial skeletal anatomical landmarks (n = 32) were measured from each CBCT image. Data were evaluated using principal coordinates analysis (PCOORD) and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA). PCOORD axes 1–3 explain approximately 45% of the morphological variation between samples, and specific patterns of morphological differences were associated with each axis. Approximately, 30% of facial skeletal measures significantly differ by confidence interval testing (α = 0.10) between samples. While significant form differences occur across the facial skeleton, strong patterns of differences are localized to the lateral and superioinferior aspects of the nasal aperture. In conclusion, the BCLP deformity significantly alters facial skeletal morphology of the midface and oronasal regions of the face, but morphological differences were also found in the upper facial skeleton and to a lesser extent, the lower facial skeleton. This pattern of strong differences in the oronasal region of the facial skeleton combined with differences across the rest of the facial complex underscores the idea that bones of the craniofacial skeleton are integrated. Clin. Anat. 28:584–592, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kidney paired donation

Kidney paired donation (KPD) was first suggested in 1986, but it was not until 2000 when the first paired donation transplant was performed in the USA. In the past decade, KPD has become the fastest growing source of transplantable kidneys, overcoming the barrier faced by living donors deemed incompatible with their intended recipients. This review provides a basic overview of the concepts and challenges faced by KPD as we prepare for a national pilot program with the United Network for Organ Sharing. Several different algorithms have been creatively implemented in the USA and elsewhere to transplant paired donors, each method uniquely contributing to the success of KPD. As the paired donor pool grows, the problem of determining allocation strategies that maximize equity and utility will become increasingly important as the transplant community seeks to balance quality and quantity in choosing the best matches. Financing for paired donation is a major issue, as philanthropy alone cannot support the emerging national system. We also discuss the advent of altruistic or non-directed donors in KPD, and the important role of chains in addition to exchanges. This review is designed to provide insight into the challenges that face the emerging national KPD system in the USA, now 5 years into its development.
Blood-vessel neoplasms in children: epidemiologic aspects.

In a search for etiologic leads to blood-vessel neoplasms, we examined 111 death certificates of U.S. children who died from 1960 to 1968 of angiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangiopericytoma and 127 medical records of similar cases from 12 institutes. The available data provided no leads to environmental agents (vinyl chloride, thorotrast, arsenic) that can produce vascular liver tumors in adults, but one infant, who died from a hepatic tumor, lived within a mile of an industrial source of polyvinyl chloride. About half of the children with hepatic hemangioendotheliomas had associated skin hemangiomas, which may aid in the differential diagnosis of liver tumors in infancy. Hepatic hemangioendotheliomas also predominated in girls, a possible clue to the origin of the tumor. A familial influence was suggested by one sibling aggregation of cutaneous hemangioendotheliomas.
Nonsmooth analysis and quasi-convexification in elastic energy minimization problems.

An energy minimization problem for a twocomponent composite with fixed volume fraction is considered. Two questions are studied. The first is the dependence of the minimum energy on the constraints and parameters. The second is the rigorous justification of the method of Lagrange multipliers for this problem. It is possible to treat only cases with periodic or affine boundary condition. It is also found that the constrained energy is a smooth and convex function of the constraints. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier problem is a convex dual of the problem with constraints. Moreover, it is shown that these two results are closely linked with each other. The main tools are the Hashin-Shtrikman variational principle and some results from nonsmooth analysis.
Paradoxical structure and function in a mutant human insulin associated with diabetes mellitus.

Abstract The solution structure of a diabetes-associated mutant human insulin (insulin Los Angeles; PheB24-->Ser) was determined by 13C-edited NMR spectroscopy and distance-geometry/simulated annealing calculations. Among vertebrate insulins PheB24 is invariant, and in crystal structures the aromatic ring appears to anchor the putative receptor-binding surface through long-range packing interactions in the hydrophobic core. B24 substitutions are of particular interest in relation to the mechanism of receptor binding. In one analogue ([GlyB24]insulin), partial unfolding of the B chain has been observed with paradoxical retention of near-native bioactivity. The present study of [SerB24]insulin extends this observation: relative to [GlyB24]insulin, near-native structure is restored despite significant loss of function. To our knowledge, our results provide the first structural study of a diabetes-associated mutant insulin and support the hypothesis that insulin undergoes a change in conformation on receptor binding.
Successful management of melanocytomaassociated choroidal neovascularization with photodynamic therapy.

PURPOSE To report the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in treatment of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) associated with melanocytoma of the optic disc. METHODS A middle-aged man with visual acuity of 20/200 in right eye was treated with photodynamic therapy for juxtafoveal classic CNV overlying the papillomacular bundle. CNV was secondary to ocular melanocytoma, a rare event. RESULTS At the 6-month follow-up, a scarred CNV with final visual acuity of 20/30 was noted clinically and angiographically. Tomography revealed high reflective scar tissue with flat macula and microperimetry showed restoration of retinal sensitivity over the papillomacular bundle. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy effectively resolved CNV that involved papillomacular bundle (secondary to melanocytoma) and restored retinal function in papillomacular bundle.
Test of the bank lending channel: The case of Hungary

This study examines the bank lending channel for Hungary based on a simultaneous-equation model consisting of the demand for and supply of bank loans. The three-stage least squares method is applied. This paper finds evidence of a bank lending channel for Hungary. Expansionary monetary policy via a lower interbank rate or open market purchase of government bonds to increase bank reserves/deposits would increase bank loan supply.
Abstract 634: Combinatorial targeting in melanoma cell lines with defined and distinct mechanisms of acquired resistance toV600EB-RAF inhibition

V600E B-RAF mutation is found in 50-60% of melanomas, and its in-human “druggability” has recently been demonstrated using the novel agent PLX4032, which can achieve an unprecedented ∼80% on-target, anti-melanoma response rate. Acquired resistance to PLX4032, however, has been observed in the majority of patients. We have shown previously that melanoma tumors in patients and cell lines in vitro acquire resistance to PLX4032 not by developing secondary mutations in V600E B-RAF but instead by upregulating PDGFRβ (showing MEK inhibitor insensitivity) or N-RAS (showing MEK inhibitor sensitivity). Here we used distinct subsets of melanoma cell lines (resistance derived in vitro) and short-term cultures (resistance derived in vivo) with hitherto characterized mechanisms of acquired resistance to PLX4032 to define the optimal combination of molecular target inhibition necessary to achieve efficient growth inhibition and cytotoxicity. We focused on a set of molecular targets downstream of overexpressed PDGFRβ or mutant N-RAS in each subset and used specific small molecule inhibitors, singly or in combination, to correlate growth inhibitory responses with p-ERK, p-AKT, p-p70S6K levels and apoptotic responses. We found that single inhibitor treatment led to functionally significant compensatory activation or rebound activities, consistent with dynamic network connectivity at key nodes of signaling. In PDGFRβ-upregulated, PLX4032-resistant melanoma cell lines, combined B-RAF, PI3K and TORC1/2 inhibition led to the strongest synergistic growth inhibitory and cytotoxic responses. In N-RAS-upregulated, PLX4032-resistant cell lines, either MEK or dual TORC1/2 inhibition sufficed to yield significant growth inhibition, and combined MEK and TORC1/2 inhibition did not synergize in growth inhibitory or cytotoxic responses. Together, these observations could serve to rationally guide animal model studies and urgently needed clinical testing in pre-identified subsets of patients relapsing on V600E B-RAF inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 634. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-634
Ulrich B. Phillips: The Old South as the New

M OST readers nowadays regard Ulrich B. Phillips as the epitome of Old South Bourbonism. Phillips, they say, was a fine historical craftsman who mastered his manuscript sources thoroughly, but whose manifest racism and overwhelming bias toward the planter class irretrievably marred his conclusions. The attack began in 1943 with Richard Hofstadter. "While Phillips certainly did not originate the plantation legend of the Old South," Hofstadter charged, "he did his best to continue it." A "reverence for the values and standards of the old planter class" pervaded Phillips' life and work, agreed Stanley Elkins. Even Wendell Holmes Stephenson, a writer on southern historiography highly sympathetic to Phillips, described him as one who "surveyed the southern scene from the hospitable atmosphere of the 'big house'; a patrician who saw only fringes of friction on a tranquil tradition.''1 There is much truth to this view. Phillips' insistence on dedicating his second book "TO THE DOMINANT CLASS OF THE SOUTH," despite the strong objections of his publisher, gives ample evidence of his affections. Yet a close study of Phillips suggests that his critics have overlooked the most persistent theme of his work-his desire to place the South in the vanguard of progress. Most of all, they have failed to interpret Phillips within the context of his times. When Phillips is seen in historical perspective, as Eugene D. Genovese has pointed out, his social viewpoint is "neither nostalgic, nor reactionary, nor unreconstructed, but . . . cautiously forward-looking, humanely conservative, and deeply committed to social and racial justice." With his progressive outlook, Phillips
The identification of lupus erythematosus cells. A comparison of supravital fluorochromation with a standard Wright's stain method.

A comparison of standard Wright’s stained lupus erythematosus preparations and an acridine orange fluorochromatic method was conducted using 354 consecutive lupus erythematosus preparations involving 264 patients. The results of this comparison and a discussion of the fluorochromatic procedure are presented.
The ASAM principles of addiction medicine

In the midst of an addiction epidemic, this newly updated edition of The American Society of Addiction Medicine Principles of Addiction Medicine, 5th edition is the sought-after text every addiction researcher and care provider needs. This comprehensive reference text dedicates itself to both the science and treatment of addiction. You'll receive a thorough grounding in both the scientific principles behind the causes of addiction and the practical aspects of clinical care. Chapters are written by recognized experts, covering areas such as the basic science of addiction medicine; diagnosis, assessment and early intervention; pharmacologic and behavioral interventions; mutual help and twelve-step; and co-occurring addiction, medical and psychiatric disorders-backed by the latest research data and successful treatment methods. Features: numerous figures, tables and diagrams elucidate the text; chapters include case examples; list of data research reports provided at end of each chapter; new material on Prescription Drug Abuse, Club Drugs, Nursing Roles in Addressing Addiction, Conceptual and Treatment Issues in Behavioral Addictions, Rehabilitation Approaches to Pain Management, Comorbid Pain and Addiction, Pharmacotherapy for Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders, Preventing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in Military Personnel, and more. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, offering tablet, smartphone, or online access to: complete content with enhanced navigation; a powerful search feature pulls results from your notes, everything in the book, and even the web; cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation; ability to highlight text for easier reference of key content; ability to share notes with friends and colleagues; ability to save your favorite content for future, quick reference; and interactive question bank with more than 300 questions.
Hybrid Random Walk-Linear Discriminant Analysis Method for Unwrapping Quantitative Phase Images of Biological Samples

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) of biological specimens is an emerging approach that uses the phase shift of light as it passes through living cells to extract biophysical properties, such as cell dry mass and the intracellular distribution of mass. Previous QPI applications include measurement of red blood cell mechanical properties and drug resistance of a heterogeneous cancer cell population. An essential part of processing any QPI dataset is phase unwrapping, the removal of phase ambiguities inherent to QPI. Classical phase unwrapping algorithms, such as the widely-used Goldstein algorithm, are often inadequate for biological samples, due to cells’ varying morphology and because cell optical pathlength often exceeds one wavelength of visible light. We present a new phase unwrapping algorithm, the hybrid random walk-linear discriminant analysis (HRL) method, for correcting phase ambiguities where standard algorithms have failed. HRL makes two key assumptions about QPI biological data based on previous observations: cell optical path length is never less than zero; and uncorrected regions are predominantly one wavelength lower than the correct level. These constraints are applied to Goldstein-unwrapped QPI data using a biased random walk based on a linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-generated image, which emphasizes the edges of cells and phase-wrapped regions. A genetic algorithm is then applied to fine-tune the LDA coefficients. The HRL method results in highly accurate (area under curve = 0.999) phase unwrapping of biological QPI data. Our ongoing work measures mass changes in cytotoxic T cells and target cancer cells using accurate phase unwrapping to identify T cells capable of tumor-specific killing for use in cancer immunotherapy. The general procedure of image segmentation based on HRL enables precise identification of cell edges and may have applications for many other imaging approaches beyond QPI techniques.
SU-F-T-171: Manufacturing Cost Effective Heterogeneous Phantoms for Use in Proton Therapy

Purpose: To study the feasibility of 3D printing cost effective heterogeneous phantoms for use in proton therapy treatment planning quality assurance. Methods: A desktop 3D printer was utilized to create a series of 2 cm × 2 cm × 4 cm PLA plastic blocks of varying fill materials and hexagonal fill pattern. The blocks were than tested when filled with air, polyurethane foam, paraffin, silicone, and caulk of calcium carbonate – acrylic polymer blend. The blocks were evaluated with a “GE Lightspeed” 16 slice CT scanner and average CT# of the materials’ centers evaluated. Blocks were then placed into a custom aperture fitted to a Mevion Proton system to determine the relative stopping power of each. Scans were performed in water tank with Marcus type parallel plate chamber under a beam with a range of 15 cm and modulation of 2 cm. Shifts in range occurring relative to the 80% distal edge of the open SOBP were evaluated. Results: The CT#s of the blocks were plotted against their measured relative stopping power. This curve was compared to that which is in clinical use. While the trend agrees generally, specific differences between the relative stopping powers were as great as 10%. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that it is possible to utilize different cost effective materials in the manufacturing of phantoms for use in proton therapy. While different materials may provide better agreement to established calibration curves, a custom curve specific to the materials used may be utilized to accurately predict proton treatment dose distributions.
Constrained quantization of a topologically massive gauge theory in (2+1)-dimensions

We present a canonical quantization for a gauge field theory in a (2+1) dimensional space-time in both Dirac brackets and Schwinger action principle formalisms.
Distance-based outliers method for detecting disease outbreaks using social media

Forecasting the disease outbreaks could be useful for decision-making of public health resources. Social media provides a low-cost alternative source for public health surveillance. In this research we use Twitter data as a demonstration to detect influenza outbreak. We use distance-based outliers method to transform the noisy Twitter data into regions and then use regions to do region-based hypothesis testing for rapid outbreak detection. Majority voting has been used for decision making in committees. Our simulations show a good accuracy and robustness.
Comparisons of laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing builds through experimental in situ distortion and temperature measurements

In situ experimental measurements of the laser powder bed fusion build process are completed with the goal gaining insight into the evolution of distortion in the powder bed fusion build process. Utilizing a novel enclosed instrumented system, five experimental builds are performed. Experimental builds compare materials: Ti–6Al–4V and Inconel® 718, differing build geometries, and manufacturing machines: EOS M280 and Renishaw AM250. A combination of in situ measurements of distortion and temperature and post-build measurements of final part geometry are used to compare and contrast the different experiments. Experimental results show that builds completed using Inconel® 718 distort between 50% and 80% more relative to Ti–6Al–4V depending on substrate size and build geometry. The experimental build completed on the Renishaw AM250 distorted 10.6% more in the Z direction when compared with the identical build completed on the EOS M280 machine. Comparisons of post-build XY cross-sectional area show a 0.3% contraction from the predefined build geometry for the Renishaw AM250 as compared with the 4.5% contraction for the part built using the EOS M280. Recommendations and future work are also discussed.
The Theological Tradition of Nonviolence

In this chapter, the second element of the hermeneutical triad of tradition is considered, using the lens of the tradition of nonviolence in Christian. The Christian notions of atonement and violence are examined with the varying ways of historically understanding the ideas. The chapter draws much from the work of feminist theologians. A study of the works of Walter Wink, Martin Luther King Jr., John Howard Yoder, and the Anabaptist tradition completes the chapter. This chapter establishes the fact that there is a long tradition of nonviolence in Christianity. Although nonviolence has often been a minority position, it has a strong and noble history and is one worthy of serious consideration.
Which Patients Report That Their Urologists Advised Them to Forgo Initial Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Objective To examine how frequently patients report that their urologist recommended forgoing definitive treatment and assess the impact of these recommendations on treatment choice and perceived quality of cancer care. Methods We mailed surveys to men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2014 and 2015 (adjusted response rate of 51.3%). Men reported whether their urologist recommended forgoing definitive treatment. Using logistic regression models, we assessed patient-level predictors of receiving a recommendation to forgo definitive treatment and estimated associations of receiving this recommendation with receipt of definitive treatment and perceived quality of cancer care among men with low-risk tumors and limited life expectancies. Results Nearly two-thirds (62.2%) of men with low-risk tumors and 46.4% with limited life expectancies received recommendations from their urologists to forgo definitive treatment. Among men with limited life expectancies, those with low-risk tumors were more likely to receive this recommendation compared with men with high-risk tumors (odds ratio [OR] 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.17-5.37). Men with low-risk tumors who were recommended to forgo definitive treatment were less likely to receive definitive treatment (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32-0.73) but did not report lower perceived quality of care (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.63-1.48). Conclusion In this population-based study, a majority of men with low-risk prostate cancer report receiving recommendations from their urologists to forgo definitive treatment. Our results suggest that urologists have a strong influence on patient treatment choice and could increase active surveillance uptake in men eligible for expectant management without patients perceiving lower quality of cancer care.
Incentive Mechanism for Privacy-Aware Data Aggregation in Mobile Crowd Sensing Systems

The recent proliferation of human-carried mobile devices has given rise to mobile crowd sensing (MCS) systems that outsource the collection of sensory data to the public crowd equipped with various mobile devices. A fundamental issue in such systems is to effectively incentivize worker participation. However, instead of being an isolated module, the incentive mechanism usually interacts with other components which may affect its performance, such as data aggregation component that aggregates workers’ data and data perturbation component that protects workers’ privacy. Therefore, different from the past literature, we capture such interactive effect and propose INCEPTION, a novel MCS system framework that integrates an incentive, a data aggregation, and a data perturbation mechanism. Specifically, its incentive mechanism selects workers who are more likely to provide reliable data and compensates their costs for both sensing and privacy leakage. Its data aggregation mechanism also incorporates workers’ reliability to generate highly accurate aggregated results, and its data perturbation mechanism ensures satisfactory protection for workers’ privacy and desirable accuracy for the final perturbed results. We validate the desirable properties of INCEPTION through theoretical analysis as well as extensive simulations.
Aspergillus texensis: A Novel Aflatoxin Producer with S Morphology from the United States

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic metabolites produced primarily by fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi. These fungi infect a wide range of crops in warm regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of fungi with S morphology (average sclerotium size 0.05). Phylogenetic analyses of aflatoxin-producers based on partial gene sequences of the β-tubulin (0.9 kb), calmodulin (1.2 kb), and nitrate reductase (2.1 kb) genes placed A. texensis in a highly supported monophyletic clade closely related to A. minisclerotigenes and a previously reported unnamed lineage designated Lethal Aflatoxicosis Fungus.