cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Occupational Contact Dermatitis—Top Allergens, Best Avoidance Measures

Occupational contact dermatitis accounts for a significant proportion of occupational disease. Although dermatitis can occur anywhere on the body, hands are the most frequently affected location. Long-term or repetitive exposure to allergens and irritants can lead to chronic dermatitis resulting in significant reduction in quality of life. The first-line treatment for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis is irritant and allergen avoidance. Modification of diet and lifestyle may be necessary to reduce exposures to certain substances. Well-established and user-friendly electronic databases are now available to help patients with avoidance of allergens and their cross-reactors by elimination or substitution. Barrier creams are another method of reducing contact with irritants, although their efficacy is not well proven. When avoidance measures fail, second-line treatments include topical and oral pharmacologic measures and interventional procedures including UV therapy. Emerging therapies for the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis aim to reduce inflammation via targeted alteration of cytokine pathways. Finally, in cases of occupational contact dermatitis refractive to treatment, a change of job task or even occupation may become necessary.
Metabolism unhinged: IDH mutations in cancer

Recently characterized IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in leukemia and glioblastoma have introduced a fascinating cancer-specific role for metabolic genes essential to cellular respiration. Studies also link aberrant IDH1 and IDH2 activity to an altered metabolite profile, an observation that may have broad implications for both cancer epigenetics and clinical management of disease.
AUGMENTATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATP-SENSITIVE K+ CHANNEL OPENING FOLLOWING LONG-TERM THERAPY WITH BENDAVIA (MTP-131) IN DOGS WITH ADVANCED HEART FAILURE

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) level is increased in the failing heart and leads to reduced opening of the mitochondria ATP-dependent K+ channels (MitoKATP) leading to ionic dysregulation in the mitochondrial environment with subsequent matrix contraction and reduced ATP
Building Social Capital Through Participatory Research: An Analysis of Collaboration on Tohono O'odham Tribal Rangelands in Arizona

On the Tohono O'odham (TO) Nation, an American Indian nation in southern Arizona, where local institutions and community norms govern management of communal rangelands, government interventions in rangeland management have historically overlooked social aspects of management and consequently met with little success. Similarly, past research on the TO Nation has fueled resentment due to a lack of local collaboration. Participatory research offers one way to create power-sharing relationships between researchers and communities and to develop locally appropriate resource management strategies. In partnership with local groups on the TO Nation, we used participatory research to develop, implement, and evaluate a rangeland ecology and management curriculum. The participatory curriculum development and research processes led to increased social capital among participants, creation and adoption of a locally tailored curriculum, and institutionalization of participatory approaches within tribal organizations, de...
Developmental changes in the semantic processing of pictures and words

Abstract Second- and fifth-graders' semantic decision times for pictures and words were analyzed relative to the predictions derived from unitary- and dual-memory models. At both grade levels, word-word response latencies were greater than picture-word latencies which, in turn, were greater than picture-picture latencies. An interaction between Grade and Condition indicated that verbal access times decreased more than pictorial access times. The data fit the predictions of a memory model postulating category storage in a single memory system as opposed to simultaneous representation in verbal and nonverbal memory systems. It was concluded that with increasing experience verbal access to this single semantic system is more rapid.
Directly computable L2 and L∞ performance bounds for morse's dynamic certainty equivalence adaptive controller

In this paper we consider a model reference adaptive control scheme where the classical error augmentation and standard tuning error normalization are avoided through the use of Morse's high-order tuner. We consider the particular scheme of Morse where the concept of dynamic certainty equivalence is used to reduce the error equation to one that involves only first-order dynamics. With such an error equation, it is first shown that one can directly obtain computable L 2 and L― bounds on the tracking error. This is an improvement over some earlier results where either only local L― bounds were obtained or the calculation of the global bounds required additional computation. Second, inserting an adaptive gain into Morse's high-order tuner, we show that fast adaptation improves both the L 2 and L― bounds on the tracking error, in the sense that the effect of the parametric uncertainty on these bounds is attenuated. Finally, using a simple example, we demonstrate how an earlier attempt to use the adaptive gain to simultaneously attenuate the effect of the parametric uncertainty as well as the initial conditions on the L 2 bound for the tracking error has led to an incorrect result.
Design of a flight control system for a highly maneuverable aircraft using mu synthesis

This paper presents a methodology for the design of longitudinal controllers for high performance aircraft operating over large ranges of angle of attack. The technique used for controller design is structured singular value or mu synthesis. The controller is designed to minimize the weighted H-infinity norm of the error between the aircraft response and the desired handling quality specifications without saturating the control actuators. The mu synthesis procedure ensures that the stability and performance of the aircraft is robust to parameter variations and modeling uncertainties included in the design model. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate that the controller satisfies handling quality requirements and provides excellent tracking of pilot inputs over a wide range of transient angles of attack and Mach number.
Epoxy Resin-Photopolymer Composites for Volume Holography

Efficient materials for recording volume holograms are described that could potentially find application in archival data storage. These materials are prepared by mixing photopolymerizable vinyl monomers with a liquid epoxy resin and an amine hardener. A solid matrix is formed in situ as the epoxy cures at room temperature. The unreacted vinyl monomers are subsequently photopolymerized during hologram recording. A key feature of these materials is the separation of the epoxy and vinyl polymerizations. This separation allows for a large index contrast to be developed in holograms when components are optimized. The standard material described in this work consists of a low index matrix (n ≅ 1.46), comprised of diethylenetriamine and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, and a high index photopolymer mixture (n ≅ 1.60) of N-vinylcarbazole and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone. This material is functional in thick formats (several millimeters), which enables narrow angular bandwidth and high diffraction efficiency. A dynami...
Experience-dependent plasticity for attention to threat: Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence in humans

Biased attention to threat represents a key feature of anxiety disorders. This bias is altered by therapeutic or stressful experiences, suggesting that the bias is plastic. Charting on-line behavioral and neurophysiological changes in attention bias may generate insights on the nature of such plasticity. We used an attention-orientation task with threat cues to examine how healthy individuals alter their response over time to such cues. In Experiments 1 through 3, we established that healthy individuals demonstrate an increased attention bias away from threat over time. For Experiment 3, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the neural bases for this phenomenon. Gradually increasing attention bias away from threat is associated with increased activation in the occipitotemporal cortex. Examination of plasticity of attention bias with individuals at risk for anxiety disorders may reveal how threatening stimuli come to be categorized differently in this population over time.
Predictors of smoking reduction among Blacks

Introduction: Blacks who smoke have increased tobacco-related health risks. Cessation decreases the likelihood of many health problems. Smoking reduction may be important in the cessation process and potentially reduce health risks.
Role of Collectrin, an ACE2 Homologue, in Blood Pressure Homeostasis

Collectrin (Tmem27) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the kidney and vascular endothelium. It is a homologue of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) but harbors no catalytic domain. In the extravascular tissues of the kidney, collectrin is localized to the proximal tubule and collecting duct. Collectrin-deficient mice are featured with hypertension and exaggerated salt sensitivity. These phenotypes are associated with impaired uptake of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine and the expression of its amino acid transporters, CAT-1 and y(+)LAT1, in endothelial cells. In addition, collectrin-deficient mice display decreased dimerization of nitric oxide synthase and decreased nitric oxide synthesis, but enhanced superoxide generation, suggesting that deletion of collectrin leads to a state of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. These findings suggest that collectrin plays a protective role against hypertension. The collectrin knockout mouse represents a unique model for hypertension research. Furthermore, collectrin may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension.
Twenty-Four Months After High School Paths Taken by Youth Diagnosed With Severe Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

The author located students with severe emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) who had been assigned to separate day schools with partial hospitalization treatment facilities because their public school programs did not sufficiently meet their needs, then conducted interviews at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postsecondary school as part of a large 5-year study of factors influencing the transition process for students with serious emotional disturbance (SED).The findings were consistent with those from previous reports on the employment and schooling participation rates of students with EBD despite the fact that this sample had more severe disabilities and were educated in more restrictive environments than most previously reported samples of students with SED/EBD. Most revealing, however, were the unstable employment and schooling patterns of individual participants over the course of the 2 years of the study, which were illustrated by their career paths after high school.The author speculates as to whet...
A 55-year-old man with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

DR PARKER: Mr L is a 55-year-old father of twin boys who was recently diagnosed as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He is general manager for a biotechnology company, lives in a suburb of Boston, Mass, and has commercial managed care insurance, which he is concerned may not cover his recent psychological evaluation. His first memory of difficulties dates to high school. He tended to procrastinate, not allow enough time to do homework, and have difficulty with basic scheduling. His grades were so poor that he initially did not get into college. He eventually completed college and matriculated in a doctoral program at a prestigious university, but he dropped out because of difficulties focusing and managing his time. Mr L attempted to improve the problems through reading self-help books, attending seminars on time management, and receiving counseling, but none of these helped. He also was troubled by his inability to stay with one job for more than 2 or 3 years. The diagnosis of ADHD became known as Mr L and his wife shared concern about one son’s difficulties in school. Mr L’s wife read a description of adult ADHD, which seemed to describe her husband, and he agreed. Mr L went through an extensive evaluation that confirmed this diagnosis. His medical history and family history are unremarkable, although he suspects that his father may have had ADHD. He is an only child. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His only current medication is methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin), 10 mg 3 times daily. Mr L stated that the methylphenidate “worked immediately” and has helped him focus and stick with projects. The only adverse effect he noted was periodically feeling a little “speedy.” He has not received any other medical treatments, although he is continuing in couples counseling with his wife and participates in a support group for people with ADHD.
Design of Optimum-Response Biréfringent Filters

Optimum response birefringent filters with length birefringent crystals or plates synthesis
CFD Challenge: Solutions Using the Commercial Finite Volume Solver, STAR-CD

The Meng group has nearly 10 years focused on the image-based CFD research, particularly as applied to cerebral aneurysm flows. For this Challenge, CFD simulations were performed by PhD student Jianping Xiang, using the commercial finite volume solver, STAR-CD.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Evidence Based Practice in Universal Design

The ergonomics profession can benefit from adoption of the universal design paradigm. Rather than treat people with differences in abilities and characteristics as special populations, this paradig...
The 1962 He3 Scale of Temperatures III. Evaluation and Status.

In this third paper the 1962 He3 Scale of Temperatures is evaluated both as to its precision and its deviations from the thermodynamic Kelvin Scale. Various thermodynamic quantities of He3 consistent with the 1962 He3 Scale are derived and listed. The correction to an observed vapor pressure for small amounts of He4 is discussed and tabulated. A description is given of the method of multiple variable least squares analysis used for deriving the final scale equation and for re-analysis of isotherm data. Finally the present status of the 1962 He3 Scale is discussed along with some considerations for the future.
On the interconnection constants of Hopfield nets

Hopfield nets are a class of neural networks that are often applied to optimisation problems. The role played by certain constants appearing in the interconnections are crucial to the computations. A bad choice of constant values results in the convergence of the system to states that represent extraneous results. This paper examines a discrete model of the nets which allows a better characterisation of the constants. The formal approach followed in this paper allows the specification of values to the constants that ensure convergence of the system to states that represent results that are not extraneous. Using the Hopfield nets terminology, we have identified methods to remove extraneous energy minima in the discrete version of the system. Since any simulation study of Hopfield nets on real computers must use discretised approximations to analog values, the results are of interest in a practical domain as well.
Juvenile Accountability and the Specific Deterrent Effects of Short-Term Confinement

To assess the specific deterrent ("teaching a lesson") and normative vali- dation effects of confinement, the intake histories of a random sample of youths (n=87) confined in a local detention facility were analyzed to determine if the amount of the immediately previous confinement or the total amount of confinement experienced affects the amount of time until the next system intake. No statistically significant relationships were found for any of the intakes, up through eight intakes. The findings, however, demonstrate that a non-graduated approach to imposition of punishment that did not adequately emphasize individual accountability was not an effective deterrent for the more recalcitrant youths included in this study. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Differential fertility in the Arab Republic of Egypt.

1960 population data on reproduction by educational status of married women their duration of marriage and the occupation of their present husband were used to investigate the question of whether and to what extent fertility differentials in the Arab Republic of Egypt are genuine or spurious and if genuine through what mechanism they operate. Although occupational fertility differentials were observed the observed patterns of occupational fertility reverses the pattern observed in most other studies where the fertility of women married to white-collar workers are reported to be lower than those married to workers in other occupations. Such an inverted pattern is due to part to defective data. From the data on childlessness by husbands occupation and cohort analysis by duration of marriage occupation of husband appeared as insignificant factor in generating childlessness differentials. Education of wife emerged as an effective factor in establishing fertility and childlessness differentials. The 1960 census of population greatly underreported the number of children born to families in rural residence and to families married before 1910. High childlessness among farmers service workers and illiterates is believed to be related to the tendency among females in these groups to marry in very young prechildbearing years.
Traumatic lesions of the kidney

Abstract Forty-five patients who had rupture of the kidney were studied. The majority of them were young adult males. Only those cases were considered in which the kidney was ruptured by external violence without penetration of the skin. The type of renal injury varied from slight subcapsular hemorrhage to complete pulpefaction of the kidney. In some cases the ureter or renal pedicle was completely avulsed. Hemorrhage, usually perirenal, but occasionally intraperitoneal, was uniformly present, and hematuria, either gross or microscopic, occurred in 95 per cent of the cases. Leakage of urine around the kidney was common. Serious associated injuries elsewhere in the body were present in 13.3 per cent of cases. Healing may occur satisfactorily with medical treatment, or on the other hand urinary fistulas, hydronephrosis, pseudohydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, or anatomic abnormalities of varying degrees may persist or develop. A history of trauma and hemorrhage and pain are cardinal points in the diagnosis, but they should also be substantiated by intravenous urography. In general, medical treatment immediately following the injury is preferred unless contraindicated. In certain cases in which patients are treated medically, subsequent operation may become necessary. The two deaths that occurred in this series of forty-five patients were attributed to severe extrarenal trauma. Thirty-one patients were followed for a period of from four to twenty-six years following injury. Eleven patients who underwent nephrectomy are entirely free of symptoms; 73.7 per cent of those treated medically are entirely well, and the remainder of this group have mild symptoms referable to the urinary tract.
nMOS Short Channel Device Characteristics After Soft Oxide Breakdown and Implications for Reliability Projections and Circuits

The currents in all N-channel field effect transistor device terminals can be severely degraded when a soft breakdown event occurs from gate-to-drain. These effects become more pronounced for shorter channel lengths. We present a methodology for separating the effects of mobility degradation and threshold voltage shift on post breakdown device characteristics. Using an accurate equivalent circuit model, we analyze the impact of these parameter shifts on post breakdown circuit performance and the implications for post breakdown reliability projections and circuit design.
Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Is Associated with Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death In Vitro and In Vivo

There is a large body of scientific evidence suggesting that 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, which is abundant in cruciferous vegetables, harbors anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Accumulating evidence suggests that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an essential role in cellular energy homeostasis and tumor development and that targeting AMPK may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment in the clinic. We previously reported that a formulated DIM (BR-DIM; hereafter referred as B-DIM) with higher bioavailability was able to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, angiogenesis, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) for the anti-cancer effects of B-DIM have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular target of B-DIM in human prostate cancer cells. Our results showed, for the first time, that B-DIM could activate the AMPK signaling pathway, associated with suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, and induction of apoptosis in both androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-insensitive C4-2B prostate cancer cells. B-DIM also activates AMPK and down-regulates AR in androgen-independent C4-2B prostate tumor xenografts in SCID mice. These results suggest that B-DIM could be used as a potential anti-cancer agent in the clinic for prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer regardless of androgen responsiveness, although functional AR may be required.
TU‐EE‐A3‐01: 2D‐3D Registration of Portal Images with the Planning CT for Detection of Patient Positioning Errors

Purpose: To compare the use of 2D‐3D automatic registration of portal images with the planning CT for detection of patient positioning errors and the use of 3D‐3D registration of MVCBCT with the planning CT.Method and Materials: Two prototype programs were used to carry out 2D‐3D and 3D‐3D image registrations. To assess the accuracy and robustness of these programs, 25 sets of 2D portal images, 25 sets of megavoltage conebeam CT (MVCBCT) images with known positioning shifts were acquired. A planning CT of the RANDO was also acquired. The known shifts between these image sets were ranged from −17mm to 4 mm, −20mm to 5mm and −12mm to 6mm, with uncertainty of 4.278mm, 5.359mm, 3.396mm along the latitude, longitude and vertical directions Results: The average differences between 2D‐3D method and the known shifts were −0.632±0.318 mm, −0.121±0.437 mm, −0.416±0.346 mm, compared to 3D‐3D method of 1.487±0.342 mm, −0.127±0.528 mm, 0.083±0.48 mm along the latitude, longitude and vertical directions. The average differences between 2D‐3D and 3D‐3D image registration methods were 0.86±0.286 mm, −1.39±0.347 mm, −0.33±0.303 mm Conclusion: Both 3D‐3D and 2D‐3D registration methods can detect positioning errors within 1 mm. For a rigid body, 2D‐3D method is sufficient. Conflict of Interest: This project is partly funded by SIEMENS.
Should music be used therapeutically in occupational therapy

It has long been common knowledge that music profoundly affects human beings on a variety of levels. Occupational therapists have at their disposal a potentially powerful therapeutic tool, but the specific effects of this tool have not been documented. Occupational therapists have a history of using music in their treatment, probably to a greater extent than is documented in the literature. It would be advantageous for us to engage in research regarding the application of music to occupational therapy.
A Note on Negligence and Collusion-Proof Liability

Abstract Principals are often held at least partially liable for the accidental harm caused by their agents. If the liability of the principal and agent is contingent on the court's establishment of the agent's negligence, the principal has an incentive to withhold evidence of the agent's negligence. Since the principal is often in the best position to monitor the agent and gather such evidence, this can lead the agent to take insufficient care in avoiding accidents. This paper will show that a collusion-proof liability scheme gives the principal no incentive to withhold evidence and induces the same level of preventive care as strict vicarious liability.
Effect of high-magnetic fields on the electronic specific heat in the strongly Pauli-paramagnetic compound LuCo/sub 2/

The low-temperature (1.3 to 20.0 K) heat capacity of the strongly Pauli-paramagnetic Lu${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}$ compound was measured in magnetic fields up to \ensuremath{\sim}10 T. The measured results show that the electronic-specific-heat constant decreases with increasing magnetic field (11% at 10 T), while the Debye temperature does not change. This is probably due to the depression of spin fluctuation enhancement of the heat capacity by moments induced on the cobalt atoms by the high magnetic fields. These results appear to be in accord with recent theoretical predictions.
Interrater agreement on employees' job performance: review and directions.

This paper reviews the literature on interrater agreement in 360 degree feedback systems. Multirater performance appraisals, e.g., 360 degree feedback systems, have long been advocated as important mechanisms for enhancing individual and organizational performance. Our review of the empirical literature indicates that interrater agreement is a highly desired but not often accomplished goal in 360 degree feedback systems. A revicw of the assumptions concerning interrater agreement suggests avenues for the evolution of assessment scales used for development and evaluation in organizations.
Photophysics of monodisperse platinum-acetylide oligomers: delocalization in the singlet and triplet excited states.

A series of monodisperse Pt-acetylide polymers that contain the [−C⋮C−(p-C6H4)−C⋮C−(t-Pt(PBu3)2)−]n repeat unit has been prepared for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. The photophysical properties of the series provide information concerning the relationship between the oligomer length and delocalization in the singlet and triplet excited states of the π-conjugated electron system. The results imply that the singlet excited state is delocalized over approximately 6 repeat units; however, the triplet state is considerably more localized. The triplet energy is almost invariant with oligomer length, but the phosphorescence spectra and triplet nonradiative decay rates indicate that the electron-vibrational coupling in the triplet state decreases with increasing oligomer length.
The effects of the water soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil on the survival and behaviour of coastal and oceanic zooplankton

Abstract Acute effects of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of No. 2 fuel oil both coastal and oceanic zooplankton were studied and their LC 50 for various exposure times (1 to 72 h) compared. Coastal zooplankton seemed to be more resistant to the WSF than oceanic zooplankton. This difference was probably caused mainly by the dissimilar species composition of the two zooplankton populations under investigation. The evidence from this study indicates that, on a species or taxon basis, there are some species in coastal waters more vulnerable to oils than among oceanic zooplankton and it is strongly recommended that further studies of the tolerance of both populations to various petroleum hydrocarbons be carried out at the same time. A vital staining method was used to distinguish the dead from the immobile forms. Expected variations both in the curves of mortality compared with time and in the curves of mortality compared with concentration of oil are explained and a possible method to decrease variability is suggested. Change of behaviour of coastal zooplankton due to the WSF of No. 2 fuel oil was also observed during the first hour of exposure.
How Do Student Experiences Differ in Online LIS Programs with and without a Residency

As more librarians earn master’s degrees online, it is important to understand how their educational experiences affect their professional practice. A crucial aspect of online learning is the residency: the time distance learners spend on campus, bonding together and with their educational institutions. Residencies are not practical or preferable for everyone. Some library practitioners would find it difficult to serve their constituents consistently if they left their posts for even brief residencies. Comparing student experiences in two online LIS programs, one with and one without a residency requirement, provides insights into the differences between them. Students in the program without a residency had less sense of community, found group work less successful, and built fewer friendships among their student colleagues; they built professional and support networks among local professional colleagues. Programs without a residency offer benefits for students and communities, for example, by providing th...
Are species names proper names

The nature of species names has been a source of controversy, and has played a role in developing ideas about the status of species, such as the species-as-individuals hypothesis. Some argue that species names are Millian proper names: names that have no meaning. Others have countered that species names are Millian general names that have stipulative definitions. Here I argue that species names belong to neither category. In particular, unlike Millian proper names, species names have unique referents and are connotative. Further, species names are names of intension that, unlike Millian general names, refer to specific collective entities. Because species names have unique properties not associated with Millian general or proper names, but recognizing the similarity to proper names in most respects, I propose that they be categorized as extra-proper names.
Stability of bipolarons in conjugated polymers

We study the stability of a bipolaron as a function of the strength of the Coulomb interaction in conjugated polymers. While strong Coulomb interactions will destabilize the bipolaron, we find impurities and image forces tend to stabilize it, which implies that bipolarons may be important for charge injection at polymer-metal interfaces in the organic LEDs.
History of hydrology archive

There has long been concern over how to archive important material related to the history of hydrology. Bill Back (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.), past chairman of the AGU Committee on History and Heritage of Hydrology, has made contact with the American Heritage Center, which has been collecting such material for nearly 20 years. They now have an expanding program and are most enthusiastic about helping us preserve historical material. They would like to receive files, manuscripts, photographs, and similar material from hydrologists throughout the United States and other countries.
Thermomechanical Stability of Graphite/Epoxy Composites

Results are reported on an investigation to evaluate the usefulness of selected graphite/epoxy composite structures for applications requiring precision tolerancing and dimensional stability. Thornel 75S/ELRB 4617 and Modmor 1/ELRB 4617 laminate composites in a six-ply design were tested, as well as a honeycomb design having two Thornel/ELRB faceplates bonded to an aluminum honeycomb core. Measurements were made of thermal expansion coefficient and its directional variations, microyielding and microcreep behavior, thermal and temporal stabilities. Data, discussion of results, and recommendations for applicable areas are given for the specific material and design types tested.
Occupational case‐control studies: I. Collecting information on work histories and work‐related exposures

The strength and credibility of evidence from occupational case-control studies largely depend on the validity and precision with which the work history is reported and the exposure is assessed. We discuss the two steps which ultimately lead to an exposure decision. The first step involves the exchange between the respondent and an interviewer. The latter is usually naive to occupations and workplace exposures and, as such, is limited to asking generic and open-ended questions about the workplace. Often, this type of information is too nonspecific to assess exposure. In the second step, an expert reviews the information reported on each occupation and decides on exposure status without contacting either the interviewer or respondent. Exposure assessment is not, therefore, integrated with data collection and, in fact, is usually not initiated until after all the interviews are completed. As such, the exposure expert does not have an opportunity to resolve questions before making the exposure decision. To improve the quality and specificity of data collected, we have developed over 40 sets of close-ended questions (branch questions) which are specific to defined occupations. These branch questions, incorporated into a computer-assisted telephone interview, are asked if selected occupations or their synonyms are reported. Second, to link the data collection process with the assessment process, we have developed a procedure called SCORE (Subject Corrected Occupational Report) which provides the industrial hygienist with a cost efficient method to ask questions directly of respondents. Shortly after each interview is completed, a computerized version of the work history is reviewed by the industrial hygienist who develops questions when more information is needed. Subsequently, respondents are mailed a form listing their reported work history along with the questions. After two mailings, 73% of participants in a pilot study returned the SCORE form.
On Models and Hypotheses with Restricted Alternatives

Abstract A number of examples which involve restricted alternatives are given; each of these, except one, deals with normal distributions. The examples demonstrate the following: (a) one way to construct a simple test when the alternative hypothesis is restricted, (b) a method by which the additional restrictions can be justified, and (c) a procedure that can be used to defend the original model. An interesting relationship between Bartholomew's and a test statistic, which is used in this paper, is pointed out. Finally, a certain distribution-free problem and a solution of it are proposed.
Chip PCR. II. Investigation of Different PCR Amplification Systems in Microfabricated Silicon-Glass Chips

We examined PCR in silicon dioxide-coated silicon-glass chips (12 microl in volume with a surface to volume ratio of approximately 17.5 mm(2)/microl) using two PCR reagent systems: (i) the conventional reagent system using Taq DNA polymerase; (ii) the hot-start reagent system based on a mixture of TaqStart antibody and Taq DNA polymerase. Quantitative results obtained from capillary electrophoresis for the expected amplification products showed that amplification in microchips was reproducible (between batch coefficient of variation 7.71%) and provided excellent yields. We also used the chip for PCR directly from isolated intact human lymphocytes. The amplification results were comparable with those obtained using extracted human genomic DNA. This investigation is fundamental to the integration of sample preparation, polynucleotide amplification and amplicate detection on a microchip.
Kenneth E. Boulding, 1910–1993

(1994). Kenneth E. Boulding, 1910–1993. Journal of Economic Methodology: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 161-166.
The Effects of Co-Worker Simiilarity on the Emergence of Affect in Work Teams:

The present study examined the impact of various types of co-worker similarity (demographic, value, and behavioral style preference) on the evolution of co-worker affect Data were collected in conj...
Coding of high dynamic range images in JPEG XR / HD Photo

High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging support is one of the major features for the emerging draft JPEG XR standard. JPEG XR is being standardized within the JPEG committee based on Microsoft technology known as HD Photo. JPEG XR / HD Photo is primarily an integer-based coding technology design, accepting integer valued samples at the encoder and producing integer valued samples at the decoder, with internal processing entirely in the integer space. Yet, it can support compression of multiple HDR formats, including 16- and 32-bit float, 16-bit and 32-bit signed and unsigned integer, and RGBE. Further, JPEG XR can enable lossless compression of some HDR formats such as 16-bit signed and unsigned, 16-bit float and RGBE. This paper describes how HDR formats are handled in JPEG XR. It examines in depth how these various HDR formats are converted to and from integer valued samples within the JPEG XR codec, and the internal processing of these HDR formats. This paper describes how JPEG XR provides flexible ways to compress HDR formats within the same codec framework as integer-valued formats, while maintaining from the high compression efficiency and low computational complexity.
Risk factors for orofacial and limbtruncal tardive dyskinesia in older patients : a prospective longitudinal study

Although there is a consensus that orofacial and limbtruncal subtypes of tardive dyskinesia (TD) exist and may represent distinct pathophysiologic entities, few studies have examined the incidence of and risk factors associated with the development of these TD subtypes. Two hundred and sixty-six middle-aged and elderly outpatients with a median duration of 21 days of total lifetime neuroleptic exposure at study entry were evaluated at 1- to 3-month intervals. Using “mild” dyskinesia in any part of the body for diagnosis of TD, the cumulative incidence of orofacial TD was 38.5 and 65.7% after 1 and 2 years, respectively, whereas that of limbtruncal TD was 18.6 and 32.6% after 1 and 2 years. Preclinical dyskinesia was predictive of both orofacial and limbtruncal TD. History of alcohol abuse or dependence was a significant predictor of orofacial TD only whereas tremor was a significant predictor of limbtruncal TD only. Findings support suggestions that orofacial and limbtruncal TD may represent specific subsyndromes with different risk factors.
Vibrational levels and anharmonicity in SF6—I. Vibrational band analysis

Abstract The vibrational spectrum of SF 6 has been recorded with a Fourier-transform i.r. spectrometer at a resolution of 0.05 cm −1 and pressure—path length products of up to 2 × 10 5 Torr-cm. Twenty-nine bands were observed. Rotational structure was resolved for 11 of these and polynomials were fitted to the observed frequencies to yield the scalar spectroscopic constants, including the band origins m and derived values of B′  B 0 and the Coriolis constants ζ. For 12 other unresolved bands accurate estimates of the origins could be made from the frequency of a sharp Q -branch edge. Three more bands (ν 3 , 2ν 1 + ν 3 , and 3ν 3 ) were not resolvable at our resolution but have been previously analyzed from Doppler-limited or sub-Doppler spectra. In addition, about 10 assignable hot bands were observed whose frequency shifts relative to the principal transitions could be accurately measured; two of these were sufficiently resolved for full scalar analyses. These frequencies were combined with results of several high-resolution Raman studies by other authors to yield the most complete data set on SF 6 vibrational levels yet obtained. Isotopic frequency shifts have also been measured. The effective Coriolis constants for combination and overtone bands of octahedral molecules are discussed.
Clinical psychopharmacology of AD/HD: implications for animal models.

Abstract A working knowledge of the clinical psychopharmacology of the psychostimulants in AD/HD is essential to the development of valid animal models of the disorder. The clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of d -amphetamine ( d -AMP) and methylphenidate (MPH) have been well-studied. The plasma half-life of these compounds in children is approximately 5 h, with an onset of therapeutic action within a half-hour, and peak action at 1–3 h. The effective dose range for d -AMP in children is 0.2–0.5 mg/kg, and for MPH 0.3–1.0 mg/kg. In humans, psychostimulants bring about reductions in activity level and impulsivity, and improvement in attention span. Enhancement of executive processes mediated in the pre-frontal cortex in humans (especially tolerance for delay) is believed to mediate these therapeutic effects. There are no long-term remedial effects of the drug on behavior—i.e. symptoms return when the drugs are withdrawn. When used in the therapeutic dose range, there is no evidence of the development of significant tolerance or sensitization. These and other clinical findings to be discussed must guide and constrain the development of animal models of stimulant drug effects in AD/HD.
Exploring the Impact of Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance on the Perception of Couple Conflict

Attachment anxiety and avoidance have been shown to affect how an individual processes social information such as facial expressions. Previous work has not explored perception of couple relationships. The current study had 39 individuals observe images and videos of couples in conflict. Results suggest that individuals with higher attachment anxiety perceived more intensity in negative interactions/affect and less positive interactions/affect in the couples they observed. Implications for therapy, clinical supervision, and family life education are discussed.
Dynamics of stochastic and nearly stochastic two-party competitions

Abstract We introduce a stochastic model to study the problem of time evolution and outcome of simple two-party competitions or battles on a lattice where each party randomly deploys its constituents or elements to the lattice. The elements have assigned strength levels that determine how competitive or effective they are against the opponent. In our models, the elements neutralize one another when they are at the same site with a combination of strength levels and numbers determining which one gains control of the site. The competitions last until complete dominance has been established by one side by eliminating the opponents or a draw is achieved (unless the time evolution is terminated via some ad hoc condition). A Markov chain approach is used to describe the time-dependent dynamics of such competitions. The advantage of the approach is that it allows us to develop a theoretical framework for describing competitive systems where a combination of random and correlated events decide the outcome. We use the approach here for studies of highly contentious stochastic battles and for that of a battle with correlated events along with stochastic events. We present the method, a simple illustrative example on how the method works and close by considering two non-trivial cases including one with a combination of stochasticity and correlations.
The negative magnetoresistance near the metal-insulator transition of granular aluminum

Abstract The theory of disordered metals in which both localization effects and electron-electron interactions are taken into account, appears to explain the negative magnetoresistance of granular aluminum. At high fields, the conductivity increases as √H, with temperature and resistivity dependences well described by the theory developed by Lee and Ramakrishnan to zero and first order in F(k F l) − 1 2 , where F is the Hartree screening factor, k F the Fermi wavevector, and l t mean free path between elastic scatterings. At high resistivities and low fields there are clear disagreements that probably arise from the need to consider higher order terms. This view is supported by the recent scaling theory of Khmel'nitskii and Larkin based on the phase transition analogy to the metal-insulator transition.
Fine-needle aspiration of the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma masked by florid lymphocytic thyroiditis; A potential pitfall: A case report and review of the literature

The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) is a rare tumor with aggressive behavior that requires aggressive treatment. Despite characteristic clinical and histological features that easily permit diagnosis, pre-operative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis is often challenging and thus delays diagnosis. We describe the cytological features of a case of DSV-PTC diagnosed by FNAC in a 30-year-old woman presenting with an ill-defined mass in her neck lasting for 2 months. Ultrasonograpy revealed a heterogeneous enlargement of both thyroid lobes suspicious for a lymphoproliferative syndrome. Flow cytometry showed a suspect B-lymphocyte population. FNAC showed in five out of six slides an overwhelming presence of slightly atypical monomorphic small lymphocytes. The remaining slide showed syncytial tissue fragments of follicular cells with nuclear enlargement and pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membrane, grooves with scattered intranuclear inclusions, squamous metaplastic epithelium, and abundant psammoma bodies. A diagnosis of DSV-PTC was rendered and confirmed by total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Our report supports the possibility of obtaining a preoperative diagnosis of DSV-PTC by FNAC. In the case of diffuse thyroid enlargement, adequate sampling of the thyroid and the presence of the combination of features described in our case permitted the diagnosis of this PTC variant.
A New Didymium from Rarotonga, Cook Islands

A new myxomycete occurring on attached dead plant parts from Rarotonga is described. This species is characterized by minute phaneroplasmodia, tiny sporangia with circumcissile dehiscence, and a scanty, or often absent, capillitium. Observations on the life cycle of this organism, taxonomic notes, and a discussion of its habitat are included.
The formation of filamentous structures from iodinated neurotubules

The porcine neurotubule and its basic subunit were found to be modified in vitro by iodination of amino acids (principally tyrosine) using lactoperoxidase. Iodide ion, H2O2, or lactoperoxidase singly or in any pairwise combination had virtually no effect on neurotubules. However, when all three reagents were present, permitting covalent iodination, it was found that at 0.1 iodotyrosines per tubulin dimer the microtubules unravel to form structures which morphologically resemble strands of protofilaments twisted or wound around each other. These abnormal tubules are stable at room temperature and 4 degrees C. Both monomers of tubulin are labeled to approximately the same extent. Iodinated tubulin (0.1 iodotyrosines/dimer) is unable to assemble in vitro under normal assembly conditions. Heavily iodinated microtubules (8 iodines per tubulin dimer) are similar in morphology to the slightly iodinated structures.
EFFECT OF FSH AND LH UPON THE OVARIES OF IMMATURE CHICKS AND LOW-PRODUCING HENS

PRELIMINARY WORK in this laboratory has shown that the injection of FSH into adult laying hens causes the growth of many follicles which may be made to ovulate following intravenous injection of LH. Fraps and Riley (1942) found similar results with PMS pretreatment followed by LH. Injections of gonadotropes, when given in sufficiently high dosages, usually cause cessation of laying within a few days after the first injection (Bates, Lahr and Riddle 1935). Pretreatment with FSH and the administration of LH will permit the ovulation of 2-8 follicles per hen (Nalbandov unpublished) or on the average about 3.5 ovulations per hen (see also Fraps and Riley 1942). As a follow-up to the studies on the laying hen it was of interest to determine the effect of the FSH-LH combination upon the resting or intermittently functioning ovary of the adult hen. It is also of theoretical and of practical importance to determine whether the inactive ovary of the adult hen is comparable, in its ability to respond to gonadotrope...