cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring the attitudes and impact of the eighty-hour workweek rules on orthopaedic surgery residents.

Background: The literature on graduate medical education contains anecdotal reports of some effects of the new eighty-hour workweek on the attitudes and performance of residents. However, there are relatively few studies detailing the attitudes of large numbers of residents in a particular surgical specialty toward the new requirements. Methods: Between July and November 2004, a survey created by the Academic Advocacy Committee of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons was distributed by mail, fax, and e-mail to a total of 4207 orthopaedic residents at the postgraduate year-1 through year-6 levels of training. The survey responses were tabulated electronically, and the results were recorded. Results: The survey response rate was 13.2% (554 residents). Sixty-eight percent (337) of the 495 respondents whose postgraduate-year level was known were at the postgraduate year-4 level or higher. Attitudes concerning the duty rules were mixed. Twenty-three percent of the 554 respondents thought that eighty hours constituted an appropriate number of duty hours per week; 41% believed that eighty hours were too many, and 34% thought that eighty hours were not sufficient. Thirty-three percent of the respondents had worked greater than eighty hours during at least a single one-week period since the new rules were implemented; this occurred more commonly among the postgraduate year-3 and more junior residents. Orthopaedic trauma residents had the most difficulty adhering to the new duty-hour restrictions. Eighty-two percent of the respondents indicated that their residency programs have been forced to make changes to their call schedules or to hire ancillary staff to address the rules. The use of physician assistants, night-float systems, and so-called home-call assignments were the most common strategies used to achieve compliance. Conclusion: Resident attitudes toward the work rules are mixed. The rules have forced residency programs to restructure. Junior residents have more favorable attitudes toward the new standards than do senior residents. Self-reporting of duty hours is the most common method of monitoring in orthopaedic training programs. Such systems allow ample opportunity for inaccuracies in the measurement of hours worked. Although residents report an improved quality of life as a result of these new rules, the attitude that the quality of training is diminished persists.
Detection of the HE4 protein in urine as a biomarker for ovarian neoplasms

The HE4 protein is overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas and can be detected in serum by an ELISA with sensitivity similar to CA125 and higher specificity for malignant disease. We now demonstrate that HE4 can also be detected in the urine at a specificity level of 94.4%, including 13/15 (86.6%) with stage I/II and 57/64 (89.0%) with stage III/IV disease and including 90.5% of patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. Assaying serum and urine from the same patients showed similar sensitivity. Our data indicate that measuring HE4 in urine may aid diagnosis and the monitoring of response to therapy.
Combined open and laparoscopic approach to chronic pain following open inguinal hernia repair.

Introduction: Chronic groin pain is the most common long-term complication after open inguinal hernia repair. Traditional surgical management of the associated neuralgia consists of injection therapy followed by groin exploration, mesh removal, and nerve transection. The resultant hernia defect may be difficult to repair from an anterior approach. We evaluate the outcomes of a combined laparoscopic and open approach for the treatment of chronic groin pain following open inguinal herniorrhaphy. Methods: All patients who underwent groin exploration for chronic neuralgia after a prior open inguinal hernia repair were prospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, type of prior hernia repair, and prior nonoperative therapies were recorded. The operation consisted of a standard three trocar laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair, followed by groin exploration, mesh removal, and nerve transection. Outcome measures included recurrent groin pain, numbness, hernia recurrence, and complications. Results: Twelve patients (11 male and 1 female) with a mean age of 41 years (range 29–51) underwent combined laparoscopic and open treatment for chronic groin pain. Ten patients complained of unilateral neuralgia, one patient had bilateral complaints, and one patient complained of orchalgia. All patients failed at least two attempted percutaneous nerve blocks. Prior repairs included Lichtenstein (n=9), McVay (n=1), plug and patch (n=1), and Shouldice (n=1). There were no intraoperative complications or wound infections. With a minimum of 6 weeks follow up, all patients were significantly improved. One patient complained of intermittent minor discomfort that required no further therapy. Two patients had persistent numbness in the ilioinguinal nerve distribution but remained satisfied with the procedure. Conclusions: A combined laparoscopic and open approach for postherniorrhaphy groin pain results in good to excellent patient satisfaction with no perioperative morbidity. It may be the preferred technique for the definitive management of chronic neuralgia after prior open hernia repair.
The Taking Issue in Land Use Regulation

Property losses imposed by land use regulation may be held unconstitutional as a taking of property without compensation. Traditional theories that define when a taking has occurred are inadequate require correction. The taking issue should be examined in the context of a metropolitan land market governed by land use plans regulations. In this market, property losses imposed by these regulations can be considered speculative and not entitled to constitutional protection. Fair treatment of landowners in the implementation of land use policy is the more important constitutional problem.
Fat Prospects for Healing Cutaneous Wounds: New Activities Under the Sheets.

In this issue of Diabetes , Kato et al. (1) describe new results for dermal wound healing in full-thickness skin defects in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The team fabricated and applied transplanted living cell sheets comprising allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) harvested from the inguinal fat pads of normal rats. They attempt to address the current challenges with abnormal wound healing in increasing numbers of patients with diabetes who present with difficult cutaneous wound healing problems (2,3). This deficiency is often clinically characterized by persistent inflammation, hypergranulation, excessive tissue bed exudates, and chronic inability to resolve, resulting in enhanced bacterial burdens, infections, ulcerations, and more serious complications. Delayed cutaneous healing in these patients is attributed to combinations of predisposing factors associated with chronic diabetes pathology, including oxidative imbalance, vascular abnormalities, neuropathy, infection, and local metabolic deficiencies intrinsic to diabetes. Pathological disruption of normal regenerative and degenerative extracellular matrix processing alters the dermal matrix composition, resulting in reduced amounts and quality of tissue matrix (2,3). Natural balances between proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1α and -1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) stimulating endogenous protease activities and prohealing cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, MCP-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2) apparently do not exist in diabetic tissues. Additionally, reduced levels of potent growth factors platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth …
Functionally distributed coordination during anomaly response in space shuttle mission control

Traditionally, anomaly response and disturbance management have been studied in the context of a group mind, where a small homogeneous group of practitioners who are co-located work together to respond to system disturbances and anomalies. We have extended these studies by exploring the processes of dynamic fault management in the context of space shuttle mission control, which consists of a large group of interdependent, functionally distinct teams who coordinate to respond to system anomalies. We describe how the functionally distributed structure of these teams causes the anomaly response process to be more robust in the face of common errors like cognitive fixation, and we discuss new problems that arise in a structure that is functionally distributed. A better understanding of how the current mission control structure responds to anomalies should provide insight into how to support other domains in which activities and processes are distributed across a set of functionally distinct groups of practitioners.
Self-Organization in a Parametrically Coupled Logistic Map Network: A Model for Information Processing in the Visual Cortex

In this paper, a new model seeking to emulate the way the visual cortex processes information and interacts with subcortical areas to produce higher level brain functions is described. We developed a macroscopic approach that incorporates salient attributes of the cortex based on combining tools of nonlinear dynamics, information theory, and the known organizational and anatomical features of cortex. Justifications for this approach and demonstration of its effectiveness are presented. We also demonstrate certain capabilities of this model in producing efficient sparse representations and providing the cortical computational maps.
Improving Global Model Precipitation Forecasts over India Using Downscaling and the FSU Superensemble. Part II: Seasonal Climate

Abstract This study addresses seasonal forecasts of rains over India using the following components: high-resolution rain gauge–based rainfall data covering the years 1987–2001, rain-rate initialization, four global atmosphere–ocean coupled models, a regional downscaling of the multimodel forecasts, and a multimodel superensemble that includes a training and a forecast phase at the high resolution over the internal India domain. The results of monthly and seasonal forecasts of rains for the member models and for the superensemble are presented here. The main findings, assessed via the use of RMS error, anomaly correlation, equitable threat score, and ranked probability skill score, are (i) high forecast skills for the downscaled superensemble-based seasonal forecasts compared to the forecasts from the direct use of large-scale model forecasts were possible; (ii) very high scores for rainfall forecasts have been noted separately for dry and wet years, for different regions over India and especially for hea...
Risk tolerance and bile duct injury: surgeon characteristics, risk-taking preference, and common bile duct injuries.

Background Little is known about surgeon characteristics associated with common bile duct injury (CBDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Risk-taking preferences can influence physician behavior and practice. We evaluated self-reported differences in characteristics and risk-taking preference among surgeons with and without a reported history of CBDI. Study Design A mailed survey was sent to 4,100 general surgeons randomly selected from the mailing list of the American College of Surgeons. Surveys with a valid exclusion (retired, no LC experience) were considered responsive, but were excluded from data analysis. Results Forty-four percent responded (1,412 surveys analyzed), 37.7% reported being the primary surgeon when a CBDI occurred, and 12.9% had more than one injury. Surgeons reporting an injury were slightly older (52.8 ± 9.0 years versus 51.3 ± 9.8 years; p Conclusions More years performing LC and certain practice characteristics were associated with an increased rate of CBDI. The impact of extremes of risk-taking preference on surgical decision making can be an important part of decreasing adverse events during LC and should be evaluated.
The unitary equation in a fixed momentum transfer representation

Abstract An extension of the fixed momentum transfer representation for an S-matrix representation of elementary particles is developed. In this representation it is postulated that a function SU(2) on the second sheet can be found such that the matrix product S SU(2) is analytic everywhere in a complex energy plane, and SU(2) is a continuation of S ∗ in the neighborhood of the right-hand cut. The problem of π+p scattering is considered. The kinematic variables are continued from the physical region to the neighborhood of the Born pole, and the unitary equation is there applied. A function for SU(2) was chosen there with parameters determined by unitarity. Two calculations were made, each with a different choice for the form of SU(2). It is shown how unitarity determines the coupling constant together with the values of the parameters of SU(2). The calculated value of the coupling constant, in both cases, is ∼ 16, in good agreement with experiment.
Investigating live and fixed epithelial and fibroblast cells by atomic force microscopy

Purpose. To investigate the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image live and fixed cell in culture. Rabbit corneal fibroblasts, Chang conjunctival cells, and transformed human corneal epithelial cells were chosen so that AFM parameters could be set for future use in toxicologic and pharmacologic studies of ocular cells. Methods. Contact mode AFM was performed under air and in balanced salt solution (BSS) using live and fixed cells. All cell lines were imaged in the height mode for optimal resolution of cellular features. Results. Images of fixed cells showed no discernible differences in surface features when visualized in air or under physiologic solution. Structural differences were observed, however, between fixed and live cells in BSS. Although the AFM technique provides high quality images of live cells under BSS, sub-membrane features of live cells are more well-defined compared to fixed cells. It was also possible to image live cells in air if imaging was completed within 10 minutes of removal of the cells from culture medium. Images of cytoskeletal features under air were similar to those obtained under BSS. Conclusions. The atomic force microscopy technique can be used to study cells and provide sub-cellular details at resolution equal to or in some situations better than the scanning electron microscopy technique. However, parameters for imaging have to be tailored for individual experimental goals.
Regional-scale relationships between climate and strength of podzolization in the Great Lakes Region, North America

Abstract Along a 300 km transect in northern Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan, the areal coverage of Spodosols and spodic horizon development increases markedly from south to north. This study elucidated those aspects of climate that promote podzolization in this region, through an examination of the geographic correspondences between Spodosol development and soil climate. Climatic data (1951–1991) from 21 sites along this transect were processed by a hydrologic model developed to output data on (1) soil temperatures for 0.05 and 0.5 m depths for 20 minute intervals, including data on soil freezing, (2) snowpack thicknesses under forest cover, and (3) daily water fluxes, runoff, and soil water contents at several depths. Spodosols dominate the landscape in areas where soil frost and freeze-thaw activity are minimal and where soil temperatures rarely exceed 16–17°C. Podzolization is strongest where snowpacks are thickest — an association that holds at both regional and meso scales. Thick snowpacks inhibit soil frost and allow large fluxes of snowmelt water to infiltrate into already moist profiles. This type of flux (slow, steady, cold water) may be particularly effective in the podzolization process. In the southern part of the transect, where Spodosols are rare, snowmelt fluxes are 1/3 as large as in the northern “snowbelt” areas. The southern areas also have a small autumn infiltration peak that usually reaches to ≈ 0.3 m depth; this flux is absent in areas of strong podzolization. Mean soil water contents are low and fluxes of water into the soil are small along the entire transect during summer, underscoring the belief that the bulk of pedogenesis (i.e., translocation), in Spodosols in the study area, occurs during snowmelt.
Elite Attitudes and Political Legitimacy in France

I N THE SUMMER OF 1964, a team of American political scientists undertook a survey of elite opinions in France and Germany, with particular reference to problems of European integration and arms control. A total of 147 members of French elites and 173 West German leaders were interviewed by four American political scientists in Germany and three (including the author of this article) in France. The results of these interviews were reported and analyzed in the recently published book by Karl Deutsch, Roy C. Macridis, Lewis J. Edinger and Richard L. Merritt, France, Germany and the Western Alliance: A Study of Elite Attitudes on European Integration and World Politicsl and in several reports by the Yale University Political Science Research Library. This Yale Project was one of the most exciting and important collective ventures in the field of comparative politics in the past decade. Whatever questions may be raised about methodology, the fact that seven American political scientists were able to interview, and have intelligent discourse with 320 members of the French and German elites is itself a memorable accomplishment. Publication of the study has provoked a healthy and critical reaction, and polemical argument has already begun to swirl about the findings.2 Interviewing members of a political elite necessarily is quite different from surveying mass opinion. Knowledgeable and powerful people-at least in France-are outraged by the suggestion that answers to complex questions should be reeled off and then copied down by interviewers. It is not possible to conduct a meaningful elite interview in this way. As Richard L. Merritt points out, all interviews
Developing an Emulation Model Towards the Preservation of Modern Computing Systems

If we take a look around at the computer related systems (computing systems) present today in our everyday lives we will eventually come to realize that at some point, these very systems that we have come to rely upon, will one day no longer be available. Whether or not they physically break down due to normal everyday use, encounter a failed piece of hardware, or has software that becomes updated or outdated, they will all eventually be either replaced or lost. There needs to be some way to be able to preserve software or hardware systems in their original state, whilst preserving all other attributes associated with them (such as media, documents, or manuals) so that they are not lost. In this paper we will take a look at a requirements based model for emulation of systems that supports both the preservation of the original system, whilst also taking into consideration all other attributes necessary in order to preserve the original system. We will be taking a look at how models can be developed for modern computing systems in the application areas of video game consoles, personal computer based hardware systems, and smart phones. Lastly, we briefly take a look at how the model can be used for evaluating the performance of emulation as a means for preservation in a given system, and how this model can be extended into a general model.
Inhibition of neointimal formation by targeted delivery of porcine coronary arterial endothelial cells overexpressing interleukin-8 (IL8) receptors in pig coronary arteries after stent implantation

Purpose of the study: We aimed to determine if there is any relationship between long term exposure to ambient air pollution and the blood pressure and inflammatory processes among young subjects. Methods: We recruited permanent residents of two Polish major cities, Krakow and Lublin, with very similar urban structure characteristics, which significantly differ in mean 10-year ambient air pollution levels: PM2.5 (22.4 vs. 41.7mg/m3) and PM10 (29.4 vs. 56.9 mg/m3) respectively. Data regarding BMI, lifestyle, ethnics and family history was collected. Measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were performed and blood tests, including inflammatory markers were studied. Results: 826 subjects (558 females, 268 males) aged 18.02 1.12 were randomly recruited, 382 in Lublin, 444 in Krakow. There were no differences between groups in BMI (median: 20,80 kg/m2), age, ethnic. We found no significant differences in BP parameters, pulse pressure (PP) between subjects differing in exposure to air pollution. Lublin vs. Krakow: DBP (70.3; IQR 10.5 vs. 69.7; IQR 9.3 mmHg), SBP (122.3; IQR 16.3 vs. 121.3; IQR 16.6 mmHg), PP (50.8; IQR 12.8 vs. 51.3; IQR 12.7 mmHg). Moreover we found lower PP (51.0; IQR 13.0 vs. 53.1; IQR 12.0 mmHg) in subjects drinking energy drinks more frequent than several times a week. We found significantly higher inflammatory parameters in inhabitants of highly polluted city. Lublin vs. Krakow: CRP (0.4; IQR 0.5 vs. 0.77; IQR 0.6 mg/ml, p<0.0001), hs-CRP (0.35; IQR 0.4 vs. 0.50; IQR 0.6 mg/ml, p<.0001), Hcy (9.03; IQR 4.6 vs. 10.3; IQR 4.4 mM, p<.0001) and fibrinogen (244; IQR 57.7 vs. 263; IQR 87.8 mg/dl, p<0.0001). Rhinitis was more frequent in subjects living in Cracow (16.12% vs. 10.36% p1⁄40.035). Highest CRP, fibrinogen, hs-CRP, Hcy levels were in overweight subjects living in Cracow. Conclusions: This study shows, that young adolescents living living in a city with high air pollution show increased levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers including of inflammatory response.
Reconsidering Rawlsian Affirmative Action

In his recent article, "Rawlsian Affirmative Action," Robert Taylor (2009) argues that most affirmative action policies are incompatible with John Rawls's theory of justice. In this response I argue that Taylor misinterprets the implications of Rawls's theory of justice, justice as fairness, for affirmative action policies and that most forms of affirmative action are compatible with Rawls's theory.
Congenital hepatic artery-portal vein aneurysmal arteriovenous malformation: an unusual anomaly in children

Congenital hepatic artery-portal vein arteriovenous (AV) malformation is a rare anomaly. We report a 5-week-old infant with this lesion localised within the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver. Hepatic segmentectomy with excision of the aneurysmal AV malformation and maximal preservation of normal liver appears to be a safe and effective treatment
Buried hair in scalp closure : Is it a problem?

This paper addresses itself to the question of what happens to buried hair in a wound. A case is reported of hair which was buried 5 months prior to a scar revision. The pathologic description is accompanied by discussion of hair strands and their dissolution.
In Situ Electrochemical Oxidation Tuning of Transition Metal Disulfides to Oxides for Enhanced Water Oxidation

The development of catalysts with earth-abundant elements for efficient oxygen evolution reactions is of paramount significance for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Our group demonstrated recently that the electrochemical tuning of catalysts via lithium insertion and extraction has emerged as a powerful approach to improve catalytic activity. Here we report a novel in situ electrochemical oxidation tuning approach to develop a series of binary, ternary, and quaternary transition metal (e.g., Co, Ni, Fe) oxides from their corresponding sulfides as highly active catalysts for much enhanced water oxidation. The electrochemically tuned cobalt–nickel–iron oxides grown directly on the three-dimensional carbon fiber electrodes exhibit a low overpotential of 232 mV at current density of 10 mA cm–2, small Tafel slope of 37.6 mV dec–1, and exceptional long-term stability of electrolysis for over 100 h in 1 M KOH alkaline medium, superior to most non-noble oxygen evolution catalysts repor...
Pharmaceuticals and the Environment (PiE): Evolution and impact of the published literature revealed by bibliometric analysis.

Abstract The evolution and impact of the published literature surrounding the transdisciplinary, multifaceted topic of pharmaceuticals as contaminants in the environment is examined for the first time in an historical context. The preponderance of literature cited in this examination represents the earlier works. As an historical chronology, the focus is on the emergence of key, specific aspects of the overall topic (often termed PiE) in the published literature and on the most highly cited works. This examination is not a conventional, technical review of the literature; as such, little attention was devoted to the more recent literature. The many dimensions involved with PiE span over 70 years of published literature. Some articles began to appear in published works in the 1940s and earlier, while others only began to receive attention in the 1990s and later. Decades of early research on what at the time seemed to be disconnected topics eventually coalesced in the mid-to-late 1990s around a number of interconnected concerns and issues that now comprise PiE. Major objectives are to provide a new perspective to the topic, to facilitate more efficient and effective review of the literature by others, and to recognize the more significant, seminal contributions to the advancement of PiE as a field of research. Some of the most highly cited articles in all of environmental science now involve PiE. As of April 2015, a core group of 385 PiE articles had each received at least 200 citations; one had received 5424 citations. But hundreds of additional articles also played important roles in the evolution and advancement of the field.
STUDY ON HPLC METHOD TO DETERMINE THE CONTENT OF BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IN COMPOUND DISINFECTANT

Objective To set up a method of the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to determine the content of benzalkonium chloride in compound disinfectant.Methods Samples after extraction with mobile phases were detected by HPLC.Results The content of benzalkonium chloride was detected by HPLC in accordance with the choice parameter.The liner range for the determination of benzalkonium chloride is 100~2000 μg/ml.The RSD of the method was less than 5% for benzalkonium chloride.The recovery range of the method was 92.0%-96.4%.Conclusions The content of benzalkonium chloride was detected by HPLC in accordance with the choice parameter.This method is simple,rapid,accurate and with good stability and repeatability.
The influence of a history of clinical depression on peri-operative outcomes in elective total shoulder arthroplasty: a ten-year national analysis.

Aims Depression can significantly affect quality of life and is associated with higher rates of medical comorbidities and increased mortality following surgery. Although depression has been linked to poorer outcomes following orthopaedic trauma, total joint arthroplasty and spinal surgery, we wished to examine the impact of depression in elective total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) as this has not been previously explored. Patients and Methods The United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify patients undergoing elective TSA over a ten-year period. Between 2002 and 2012, 224 060 patients underwent elective TSA. Results Among the identified patients who had undergone TSA, 12.4% had a diagnosis of a history of depression. A diagnosis of depression was twice as common in women compared with men (16.0% vs 8.0%, p < 0.001), and more frequent in those with low income and Medicaid insurance (p < 0.001). A diagnosis of depression was an independent risk factor for post-operative delirium (odds ratio (OR) 2.29, p < 0.001), anaemia (OR 1.65, p < 0.001), infection (2.09, p = 0.045) and hospital discharge to a placement other than home (OR 1.52, p Conclusion A history of clinical depression is present in 12.4% of patients undergoing elective TSA and the disease burden is projected to increase further in the future. Depression is often underdiagnosed and pre-operative screening and appropriate peri-operative management of patients is encouraged. Take home message: The awareness that clinical depression is associated with increased complications following total shoulder arthroplasty provides physicians an opportunity for early intervention in this at-risk population. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:818–24.
Electrophysiology of prosodic and lexical-semantic processing during sentence comprehension in aphasia.

Abstract Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to examine how individuals with aphasia and a group of age-matched controls use prosody and themattic fit information in sentences containing temporary syntactic ambiguities. Two groups of individuals with aphasia were investigated; those demonstrating relatively good sentence comprehension whose primary language difficulty is anomia (Individuals with Anomic Aphasia (IWAA)), and those who demonstrate impaired sentence comprehension whose primary diagnosis is Broca's aphasia (Individuals with Broca's Aphasia (IWBA)). The stimuli had early closure syntactic structure and contained a temporary early closure (correct)/late closure (incorrect) syntactic ambiguity. The prosody was manipulated to either be congruent or incongruent, and the temporarily ambiguous NP was also manipulated to either be a plausible or an implausible continuation for the subordinate verb (e.g., "While the band played the song/the beer pleased all the customers."). It was hypothesized that an implausible NP in sentences with incongruent prosody may provide the parser with a plausibility cue that could be used to predict syntactic structure. The results revealed that incongruent prosody paired with a plausibility cue resulted in an N400-P600 complex at the implausible NP (the beer) in both the controls and the IWAAs, yet incongruent prosody without a plausibility cue resulted in an N400-P600 at the critical verb (pleased) only in healthy controls. IWBAs did not show evidence of N400 or P600 effects at the ambiguous NP or critical verb, although they did show evidence of a delayed N400 effect at the sentence-final word in sentences with incongruent prosody. These results suggest that IWAAs have difficulty integrating prosodic cues with underlying syntactic structure when lexical-semantic information is not available to aid their parse. IWBAs have difficulty integrating both prosodic and lexical-semantic cues with syntactic structure, likely due to a processing delay.
College and Career Readiness in Elementary Schools.

This conceptual article will provide an in-depth exploration of the relevant literature focused on college and career readiness interventions in elementary schools. Beginning with a theoretical framework, a rationale is provided for early intervention by elementary school counselors. While professional guidelines and standards exist supporting early college and career readiness interventions, research outlining evidence-based practices at the elementary level is scarce. Existing practices used by school counselors are outlined.
Insect wings and body wall evolved from ancient leg segments

Researchers have long debated the origin of insect wings. One theory proposes that the proximal portion of the ancestral crustacean leg became incorporated into the body, which moved the leg9s epipod (multi-functional lobe, e.g. gill) dorsally, up onto the back to form insect wings. Another theory proposes that the dorsal insect body wall co-opted crustacean epipod genes to form wings. Alternatively, wings may be derived from both leg and body wall (dual origin). To determine whether wings can be traced to ancestral, pre-insect structures, or arose by co-option, comparisons are necessary between insects and arthropods more representative of the ancestral state, where the hypothesized proximal leg region is not fused to the body wall. To do so, we examined the function of five leg gap genes in the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis and compared this to previous functional data from insects. Here we show, using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, that leg segment deletion phenotypes of all five leg gap genes in Parhyale align to those of insects only by including the hypothesized fused ancestral proximal leg region. We also argue that possession of eight leg segments is the ancestral state for crustaceans. Thus, Parhyale incorporated one leg segment into the body, which now bears the tergal plate, while insects incorporated two leg segments into the body, the most proximal one bearing the wing. We propose a model wherein much of the body wall of insects, including the entire wing, is derived from these two ancestral proximal leg segments, giving the appearance of a dual origin. This model explains many observations in favor of either the body wall, epipod, or dual origin of insect wings.
Discordant discourses: history and journalism in the graphic novels of Joe Sacco

Joe Sacco’s graphic novels are often described as comics journalism, even though many of them evidence a distinctly historical method. This essay discusses the development of an engagement with the...
Speed-dependent Voigt lineshape parameter database from dual frequency comb measurements up to 1305 K. Part I: Pure H2O absorption, 6801–7188 cm−1

Abstract We measure speed-dependent Voigt lineshape parameters with temperature-dependence exponents for several hundred spectroscopic features of pure water spanning 6801–7188 cm−1. The parameters are extracted from broad bandwidth, high-resolution dual frequency comb absorption spectra with multispectrum fitting techniques. The data encompass 25 spectra ranging from 296 K to 1305 K and 1 to 17 Torr of pure water vapor. We present the extracted parameters, compare them to published data, and present speed-dependence, self-shift, and self-broadening temperature-dependent parameters for the first time. Lineshape data is extracted using a quadratic speed-dependent Voigt profile and a single self-broadening power law temperature-dependence exponent over the entire temperature range. The results represent an important step toward a new high-temperature database using advanced lineshape profiles.
Nonmuscle myosin II in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells

De novo assembly of contractile myofibrils begins with the formation of premyofibrils where filaments of non-muscle myosin (NM II), and actin organize in sarcomeric patterns with Z-Bodies containing muscle-specific alpha-actinin. Interactions of muscle specific myosin (MM II) with NM II occur in a nascent myofibril stage that precedes the assembly of mature myofibrils. By the final stage of myofibrillogenesis, the only myosin II present in the mature myofibrils is MM II. In this current study of myofibril assembly, the three vertebrate isoforms of NM II (A, B, and C) and sarcomeric alpha-actinin, ligated to GFP family proteins, were coexpressed in avian embryonic skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Each isoform of NM II localized only in the mini-A-Bands of premyofibrils and nascent myofibrils. There was no evidence of localization of NM II in Z-Bodies of premyofibrils and nascent myofibrils or in Z-Bands of mature myofibrils. Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments indicated similar exchange rates in premyofibrils for NM II isoforms A and B, whereas the IIC isoform was significantly less dynamic. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements of colocalized fluorescent pairs of different NM II isoforms yielded signals similar to identical pairs, indicating copolymerization of the different NM II pairs. The role of NM II may reside in establishing the future sarcomere pattern in mature myofibrils by binding to the oppositely polarized actin filaments that extend between pairs of Z-Bodies along premyofibrils prior to their transformation into mature myofibrils.
Using software simulations to teach automata

In the computer science curriculum, finite state and cellular automata are commonly taught only in upper collegiate level courses. Teaching these concepts to younger students can be beneficial by helping students to improve their modeling skills and by preparing them for more advanced topics. This paper describes a set of lessons on automata, the motivation behind their design, the technology used, and the integration of the lessons in Memphis area high school programming classes. The lessons include spreadsheet activities, where the spreadsheet simulates a working finite state automaton, and three lessons that use the AgentSheets programming environment to introduce and illustrate the concepts of cellular automata. The lessons provide an interactive and fun way of learning that has proven effective and enjoyable for high school students.
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Pyloric stenosis (PS) has been reported in multiple births. We report the presentation of PS in identical twins, whose symptoms led to simultaneous referral for surgical care. The theories of inheritance of PS are reviewed.
Using 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives to inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation

Biofilm formation by mycobacteria can lead to enhanced antibiotic tolerance. Herein, we report on the identification of a series of 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ABI) derivatives that potently inhibit biofilm formation by Mycobacterium smegmatis.
How Might Maternal Poverty Impact the Course of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

: Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is an increasing problem in the midst of the current opioid epidemic, frequently associated with pharmacologic treatment and prolonged hospitalizations. NOWS is a highly variable condition with many clinical and genetic variables contributing to the clinical course. Social variables such as maternal poverty remain understudied. In this commentary, we review one of the first studies of the association between maternal poverty and infant hospital length of stay in infants with NOWS. This has important implications for designing population level interventions to improve NOWS outcomes.
Planning Optimal Library Spaces: Principles, Processes, and Practices

This volume is a practical, step-by-step guide to assist librarians, library directors, university administrations, and public library board of directors in the redesign of current library building...
Three Dangers: Phenomenological Reflections on the Psychotherapy of Psychosis.

Background/aims This paper offers a hermeneutic-phenomenological perspective on three dangers relevant to the psychotherapy of an underserved and often poorly understood population: persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions. Methods The discussion offered relies on analyses offered by Heidegger (on the "forgetting of the ontological difference"), Husserl (on the nature and importance of intersubjectivity), and Levinas (on appreciating the "infinitude" of human experience, versus adopting a "totalizing" attitude). Results The three dangers are: (1) that of neglecting the ontological horizon or overall framework dimension of altered experience in favor of a preoccupation with more obvious, content elements of experience (e.g., by focusing overly much on specific delusional beliefs and their apparent falsehood, rather than on how delusions may be experienced and how literally they may, or may not, be taken); (2) the danger of overemphasizing the relevance and need for direct interpersonal interaction at the expense of appreciating issues concerning the implicit, intersubjective sense of sharing (or not sharing) perspectives with other persons; and finally (3) the error of being overconfident of one's ability to grasp the patient's subjectivity. Conclusion The paper explores how phenomenology's general perspective may offer a helpful alternative or supplement to some widespread attitudes and practices.
Regional Gray Matter Volume Links Rest-Activity Rhythm Fragmentation With Past Cognitive Decline

Abstract Objectives We examined the extent to which measures of neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease explain the rest-activity rhythm (RAR)-cognition link. Methods Seventy participants (mean age at MRI = 86, standard deviation (SD) = 2.6; 53% female) had cognitive, MRI, and accelerometer data. The slope of cognitive decline was defined applying a mixed model to 10 repeated Modified Mini Mental Status Test (3MS) measures over 14 years. Regional gray matter volume (GMV), white matter hyperintensities, and RARs were measured around year 12. Results Past 3MS decline was related to RAR fragmentation (per SD β = −0.43, 95% confidence interval: −0.73, −0.14) and lower posterior parietal GMV (per standard deviation β = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.79). Higher RAR fragmentation was related to lower posterior parietal GMV (Pearson r = −0.39, n = 70, p = 0.0007), which attenuated the association of RAR fragmentation and past cognitive decline by 17%. Conclusions Longitudinal studies are warranted to understand the temporal relations and mechanisms linking RAR fragmentation and neurodegeneration.
Strategy and Experience of Food Hygiene Surveillance of Earthquake Relief Troops

Objective To give a brief summary of food hygiene surveillance in order to provide evidences for healthy service of troop carrying out multi-military purposes.Method On the base of food hygiene survey of the disaster area and earthquake relief troops,critical control keys for food hygiene were found,and a comprehensive surveillance was pertinently carried out,as follows:(1)The cognition of food hygiene surveillance for earthquake relief troops were promoted and qualities of food hygiene surveillance were ensured.(2)The responsibilities were identified and activation of troop food hygiene surveillance was promoted.(3)The systems of food hygiene surveillance for earthquake relief troop were perfected.(4)The purchase,transportation,preparation and stock of food were strictly supervised.(5)A military-local linkage emergency system for food hygiene surveillance was constituted.Results No emergency related to food hygiene was found in earthquake relief troops.Conclusion Food hygiene safety of earthquake relief troops could be ensured through carrying out comprehensive food hygiene surveillance on the base of local and troop.
Status and Analysis of 3GPP 5G NR Base Station EMC Specification

The 3GPP RAN4 group has published the EMC specification TS 38.113[1] for 5G NR base station, which is the first public published 5G base station EMC specification all over the world. This TS 38.113 is a key guidance and reference for 5G base station EMC test. So far the latest version is TS 38.113 v15.6.0. The major difference of this new specification compared to legacy ones are the introduction of Active Antenna System known as AAS. The radiated emission, radiated immunity test hence have different requirements and test method. Other EMC test are also fully influenced on test set-up and test configuration. In this paper, the status of current TS 38.113 is updated and the major difference stated above have been fully analyzed.
Chronic Pelvic Pain and the Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions in Women

This paper aims to review chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in the context of the chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPC) in women. Early literature on CPP focused on individual etiologies of pelvic pain independently and from the limited perspectives of separate medical subspecialties. Recently, there has been increasing recognition of the multifactorial nature of CPP, highlighting numerous overlapping etiologies with common central mechanisms. A link has been established between pelvic and extra-pelvic chronic pain conditions under the emerging construct of COPCs, with the degree of overlap correlating with increased severity and worse outcomes. Effective assessment and management of CPP requires a shift in focus towards a biopsychosocial model targeting not only individual sources of peripheral pathology, but also the common underlying central mechanisms of CPP and COPCs. Future research should further explore these central mechanisms and how best to target them using a multimodal, holistic approach.
Early C. elegans embryos modulate cell division timing to compensate for, and survive, the discordant conditions of a severe temperature gradient

Despite a constant barrage of intrinsic and environmental noise, embryogenesis is remarkably reliable, suggesting the existence of systems that ensure faithful execution of this complex process. We report that early C. elegans embryos, which normally show a highly reproducible lineage and cellular geometry, can compensate for deviations imposed by the discordant conditions of a steep temperature gradient generated in a microfluidic device starting at the two-cell stage. Embryos can survive a gradient of up to 7.5°C across the 50-micron axis through at least three rounds of division. This response is orientation-dependent: survival is higher when the normally slower-dividing posterior daughter of the zygote, P1, but not its sister, the anterior AB, is warmer. We find that temperature-dependent cellular division rates in the early embryo can be effectively modeled by a modification of the Arrhenius equation. Further, both cells respond to the gradient by dramatically reducing division rates compared to the predicted rates for the temperature experienced by the cell even though the temperature extremes are well within the range for normal development. This finding suggests that embryos may sense discordance and slow development in response. We found that in the cohort of surviving embryos, the cell on the warmer side at the two-cell stage shows a greater average decrease in expected division rate than that on the cooler side, thereby preserving the normal cellular geometry of the embryo under the discordant conditions. A diminished average slow-down response correlated with lethality, presumably owing to disruption of normal division order and developmental fidelity. Remarkably, some inviable embryos in which the canonical division order was reversed nonetheless proceeded through relatively normal morphogenesis, suggesting a subsequent compensation mechanism independent of cell division control. These findings provide evidence for a previously unrecognized process in C. elegans embryos that may serve to compensate for deviations imposed by aberrant environmental conditions, thereby resulting in a high-fidelity output.
SkyLogic—A Proposal for a Skyrmion-Based Logic Device

This paper proposes a novel logic device (SkyLogic) based on skyrmions that are magnetic vortex-like structures having low depinning current density and are robust to defects. A charge current sent through a polarizer ferromagnet (P-FM) nucleates a skyrmion at the input end of an intragate FM interconnect with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA-FM). The output end of the PMA-FM forms the free layer of an magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack. A spin Hall metal (SHM) is placed beneath the PMA-FM. The skyrmion is propagated to the output end of the PMA-FM by passing a charge current through the SHM. The resistance of the MTJ stack is low (high) when a skyrmion is present (absent) in the free layer, thereby realizing an inverter. A framework is developed to analyze the performance of the SkyLogic device. A circuit-level technique is developed that counters the transverse displacement of skyrmion in the PMA-FM and allows the use of high current densities for the fast propagation. The design space exploration of the PMA-FM material parameters is performed to obtain an optimal design point. At the optimal point, we obtain an inverter delay of 434 ps with a switching energy of 7.1 fJ.