cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on Characteristics of PFR of 1000MW-level Turboset in Consideration of Main Steam Pressure Model

The article analyzes measured data of regulating system of 1 000 MW-level turboset and it points out the shortcomings of classical model of the turbine.It is proposed to improve the classical model by increasing the pressure of main steam.The simulation result coincides with the measured data,which demonstrates the reliability of the model.In addition,the disturbance curve is acquired by means of dynamic characteristics of the entire stand alone system on the condition that the load of the simulated system is decreased and the load of the power plant is reduced,which offers theoretical basis to further study of regulating characteristics of turbines.
Epidemic analysis of legal infectious diseases in Anshun City from 2003 to 2012

Objective To explore the incidence trend and the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases of Anshun City between2003-2012 and to provide scientific basis for control of infectious diseases in the area.Methods The incidence data of infectious disease of Anshun City from 2003 to 2012 were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method.Results From2003 to 2012,there was no report on the category A infectious disease in the whole city,and 112 266 cases belonged to the 28 categories of B,C infectious diseases and the 599 died cases were reported,the average annual incidence was 451.73/100 000 and the average annual mortality was 2.41/100 000,respectively.Thereinto,the average annual incidence rates from 2008-2012 and from 2003 to 2007 was 456.58/100 000 and 447.14/100 000,respectively,which rose 9.44/100 000.The main patients were farmers,students,scattered children,kindergarten children.The top five annual incidences of B and Class C infectious diseases were:tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,dysentery,typhoid fever,syphilis and mumps,foot and mouth disease,influenza,other infectious diarrhea,rubella.Conclusion In our city,the average incidence from 2008 to 2012 is higher than that of from 2003 to 2007 and there is a statistical significance(P0.001).Farmers,students are the main crowds attacked by infectious diseases and this prompts that infectious situation remains severe and we should strengthen the science knowledge propaganda on communicable disease prevention in the focus groups of both country and school,which is still foundation and focus of control communicable diseases in our city.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluations of UFT plus oral leucovorin.

The phase I development program of tegafur and uracil (UFT) in the United States has included evaluation of the drug as a single agent and subsequent studies of its biochemical modulation by oral leucovorin. Phase I trials of single-agent UFT examined both a 5-day schedule repeated every 21 days and a 28-day schedule repeated every 35 days. In all of the trials the total dose was divided by three and administered three times daily at 8-hour intervals. Like intravenous schedules of fluorouracil (5-FU), UFT has schedule-dependent toxicity, with granulocytopenia being the dose-limiting toxicity for the 5-day regimen and diarrhea being the dose-limiting toxicity for the 28-day regimen. The suggested phase II doses for UFT administered without leucovorin were 800 mg/m2/day for the 5-day schedule and 360 mg/m2/day for the 28-day schedule. Subsequent phase I studies combining UFT with oral leucovorin used a 28-day schedule repeated every 35 days. Diarrhea was the dose-limiting toxicity, and the recommended phase II dose was UFT, 300 mg/m2/day, plus leucovorin, 90 mg/day. Pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that single-dose UFT results in maximum plasma levels and an area under the concentration-time curve that increased with escalating UFT doses. In addition, 5-FU levels were detectable throughout the 28-day dosing period; however, there was no evidence of significant accumulation of uracil, tegafur, or 5-FU. The administration of leucovorin in this trial provided continuous exposure of d,l-leucovorin and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with little variation between doses or days.[ONCOLOGY 11(Suppl 10):35-39, 1997]
Optical Carrier Suppression Using Two-Beam Coupling in Photorefractive Barium Titanate.

Optical modulators typically transmit some amount of optical carrier power along with the imposed sidebands. Phase modulators do so inherently, yet intensity modulators in practice also transmit carrier at a typical level of -30 dB below the input power. Acoustooptic modulators are nominally single sideband, yet typically -50 dB of the carrier power leaks into the output. Optical carrier energy is often unwanted, especially in certain optical communications and signal processing applications. Our own work involves the optical processing of communications signals from an active antenna array in which the presence of an optical carrier introduces undesired spurious signal correlations. Suppression of an optical carrier from a RF modulated laser beam of wavelength 532 nm is performed using two-beam coupling in photorefractive barium titanate. A theoretical analysis reveals that perfect suppression can be achieved at specific modulation strength, which depends on the gain and intensity ratio between the two beams. The experiments achieve a maximum of -72.9±2.4 dB carrier suppression at the theoretically ideal modulation strength, and -61.0±2.4 dB for small modulation strengths. The results are better than and comparable to, respectively, the highest reported measurements of which we are aware.
Distribution of 14C-labelled Atrazine, Methoxychlor, Glyphosate, and Bisphenol-A in Goldfish Studied by Whole-Body Autoradiography (WBARG)

Nonpersistent contaminants represent thousands of chemicals used as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, additives, etc. Because of this diversity, the assessment of the environmental risks they may pose for the environment represents a formidable task. Identification of target organs is key information needed to orient further research on newly-investigated organic xenobiotics. We used whole-body autoradiography to visualize the distribution of 14 C-labelled atrazine, methoxychlor, glyphosate, and bisphenol-A in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and identify target organs. Fish were exposed for 2 days (glyphosate and bisphenol-A) and 7 days (atrazine and methoxychlor) to the radiolabelled compounds at a concentration of 15 nM. They were then frozen, embedded in carboxymethylcellulose gel, 20-μm-thick cryosections were collected, freeze-dried, and exposed to phosphor screens to visualize the tissue distribution of radioactivity. Goldfish did not accumulate glyphosate. The three other compounds were accumulated, mostly in the gall bladder. Nevertheless, unforeseen accumulation sites were observed; atrazine accumulated in the uveal tract of the eye, high levels of radioactivity were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of goldfish exposed to methoxychlor, and an important accumulation of bisphenol-A was seen in urine, oral mucosa, esophagus, and intestinal lumen. The potential toxicological consequences of the accumulation of these chemicals at very specific locations within the fish body are discussed and further research suggested.
Optically pumped blue-green vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

While brisk progress is being made with the II-VI edge-emitting blue-green diode lasers, other device configurations, such as a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), offer important complementary opportunities. A number of fabrication and design questions can be addressed by the demonstration of an optically pumped laser as a first step. Here we demonstrate such VCSEL operation in the 480–490 nm range, at present up to T = 200 K, in ZnCdSe/ZnSSSe/ZnMgSSe pseudomorphic separate-confinement heterostructures (SCH) containing three active QW layers and equipped with dielectric high-reflectivity mirrors.
A compact DC model for dual-independent-gate FinFETs

To: (i) reduce the power consumption in digital integrated circuits, (ii) increase the transistor trans-conductance generation efficiency in analog circuits, and (iii) attain a very sensitive nonlinear response to RF, transistors exhibiting very steep room-temperature subthreshold slope (SS) are required. The subthreshold slope of conventional MOSFETs is limited to >60mV/dec due to their current turn-on mechanism being thermionic emission. During the last decade, several emerging transistor concepts, based on alternative current transport mechanisms, have been proposed so to overcome this fundamental limitation. For instance, Tunnel FETs (TFETs) have emerged as one of the most attractive alternatives to traditional MOSFETs, with experimental demonstrations of SS below 30 mV/dec, due to the current turn-on mechanism in such devices being band-to-band tunneling. In this context, dual-independent-gate (DIG) FinFETs have been also demonstrated capable of achieving a very steep subthreshold slope [1, 2]. The reason behind this super steep slope is a positive feedback induced by weak impact ionization in the device. Experimental demonstrations of DIG FinFETs have shown SS of 3.4 mV/dec at room-temperature over 5 decades of current swing [1, 2]. In this paper, we discuss a simple, closed-form analytic model for the current-voltage characteristics of DIG FinFETs, which can be of interest for many applications including circuit-design and application oriented device performance evaluation.
All Hands on Deck for Success: An Online Orientation Project

In spring 2015, a multidisciplinary team at the University of Wisconsinâ€“Madison developed a unified, 4-part orientation project that was integrated into 15 undergraduate summer online courses. The team sought to create a newfound informational support structure for summer online students and integrate it with centralized learning technologies so that over the long term it could be scaled to serve a larger audience. This paper presents a description of the inception of the committee and the orientation pilot and its main components, describes the way they were deployed and evaluated, and lists key takeaways for administrators.
Asymmetry-induced synchronization in oscillator networks.

A scenario has recently been reported in which in order to stabilize complete synchronization of an oscillator network---a symmetric state---the symmetry of the system itself has to be broken by making the oscillators nonidentical. But how often does such behavior---which we term asymmetry-induced synchronization (AISync)---occur in oscillator networks? Here we present the first general scheme for constructing AISync systems and demonstrate that this behavior is the norm rather than the exception in a wide class of physical systems that can be seen as multilayer networks. Since a symmetric network in complete synchrony is the basic building block of cluster synchronization in more general networks, AISync should be common also in facilitating cluster synchronization by breaking the symmetry of the cluster subnetworks.
New Concepts for Deployable-Collapsable Structures

Deployable-collapsable structures have many potential applications, ranging from emergency shelters and facilities, through relocatable semi-permanent structures, to space-station components. A new concept of self-stabilized/self-supported “clicking” structures – featuring stable, stress-free states in both deployed and collapsed forms – shows even greater promise. This article highlights the state-of-the-art in the field of deployable-collapsable structures and discusses their advantages and limitations. A unique concept of “clicking” structures is introduced, and its basic capabilities are presented and discussed. Finally future research needs are mapped out.
Mean value theorems for long Dirichlet polynomials and tails of Dirichlet series

We obtain formulas for computing mean values of Dirichlet polynomials that have more terms than the length of the integration range. These formulas allow one to compute the contribution of off-diagonal terms provided one knows the correlation functions for the coefficients of the Dirichlet polynomials. A smooth weight is used to control error terms, and this weight can in typical applications be removed from the final result. Similar results are obtained for the tails of Dirichlet series. Four examples of applications to the Riemann zeta-function are included.
How do African American Mothers in a Rural Community Perceive Resources for Supporting Family Involvement in the Early Years

Previous research focused on schools that serve low-income and minoritized communities has demonstrated that families often do not feel that their schools are receptive to family involvement. This interview study, which comes out of a long-term ethnographic project at a rural school that primarily served low-income, African American families, reports on the ways that mothers in this school felt welcomed by school staff during their children’s first three years of schooling (Prekindergarten to Grade 1). Many of the parents identified the rural context as contributing to their positive feelings about involvement with the school because the context supported long-term relationships with school staff, and the small school allowed parents to feel that both they and their children were known. Mothers reported that these characteristics supported their efforts to intervene on behalf of their children.
A critical function for the planar Brownian convex hull

We prove that if the origin is translated so that the real axis is tangential to the (random) convex hull of a planar Brownian motion, touching at the origin, then for each positive \(\frac{{(\frac{\pi }{2} + \varepsilon )|x|\log ^3 (1/|x|)}}{{\log (1/|x|)}}\) is an upper function for the hull but \(\frac{{(\frac{\pi }{2} - \varepsilon )|x|\log ^3 (1/|x|)}}{{\log (1/|x|)}}\) is not.
Advanced Pediatric Neurosonography Techniques: Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography, Elastography, and Beyond

Recent technical advances in neurosonography continue broadening the diagnostic utility, sensitivity, and specificity of ultrasound for detecting intracranial abnormalities bed side. The clinical and functional applications of neurosonography have significantly expanded since the 1980s when transcranial Doppler sonography first allowed anatomic and hemodynamic delineation of the intracranial vessels through the thin temporal skull. In the past few years, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, elastography, 3D/4D reconstruction tools, and high-resolution microvessel imaging techniques have further enhanced the diagnostic significance of neurosonography. Given these advances, a thorough familiarity with these new techniques and devices is crucial for a successful clinical application allowing improved patient care. It is essential that future neurosonography studies compare these advanced techniques against the current "gold standard" computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to assure the accuracy of their diagnostic potential. This review will provide a comprehensive update on currently available advanced neurosonography techniques.
The future of poultry pest management.

Abstract There is an increasing interest in using pest and parasite control approaches for poultry production that minimize traditional synthetic pesticides, particularly in organic production. Housing choices, such as conventional or enriched cages, indoor cage-free options such as aviaries, or free range systems for laying hens, greatly impact pest complexes, their potential to cause damage, and effective control options. Additionally, more information is needed on pest occurrence and dynamics in these systems. Known (or likely) important poultry pests and parasites are presented and discussed along with potential chemical, cultural, and biological control options. Control materials available now or in the near future, such as novel synthetic materials, plant essential oils, and vaccines, are briefly reviewed. Pest monitoring is vital to decision making and has been underutilized. Integrated pest management hinges on knowledge of local pest abundance, pest biology, cost–benefit analyses, and potential for economic damage in commercial-scale production.
Hilbert's sixth problem and the failure of the Boltzmann to Euler limit.

This paper addresses the main issue of Hilberts sixth problem, namely the rigorous passage of solutions to the mesoscopic Boltzmann equation to macroscopic solutions of the Euler equations of compr...
Using spatially explicit data to improve our understanding of land supply responses: An application to the cropland effects of global sustainable irrigation in the Americas

Abstract Land supply elasticities determine the rates of land conversion in global policy models. However, they are only available for few countries in the world. Therefore, analysts seeking to improve the spatial resolution of their models are forced to impose regionally homogeneous parameters over highly heterogeneous regions. This article estimates spatially explicit land supply elasticities using gridded data for the American continent. These estimates reasonably reproduce changes in land use observed at different levels of geographical aggregation across the continent. Plugging our estimates in a previous analysis of the land-use effects of eliminating global unsustainable irrigation, reveals higher pressure to convert land in the ecoregions in the south of the continent that have experienced most rapid cropland expansion in the recent past.
Optical Detection of Level Crossing in a J = 1 2 State

It is shown theorptically that a level-crossing signal from the m/sub j/ = plus or minus 1/2 sublevels of a J = 1/2 state populated by optical excitation from a J = 1/2 or 3/2 ground state can be observed by observing the scattering of circularly polarized light from the substance. Both the incidert-light and scattered-light directions are assumed perpendicular to the applied d-c magnetic field. The effect is measured in Tl, and the lifetime of the S/sub 1/2 level of Tl is calculated to be (7.8 plus or minus 0.2) x 10/sup -9/ sec by analysis of the width of this level. (T.F.H.)
Tonal Elements and Their Alignment

In English, many different melodies are possible on any given word or phrase. Even a monosyllabic word, such as Anne can be produced with many qualitatively different melodic patterns, as illustrated in Figure 1. This situation provides a contrast with languages such as Mandarin, in which the tonal pattern is an intrinsic part of the lexical representation. In English, the choice of the melody is not entailed by the choice of words, but rather functions independently to convey pragmatic information. Specifically, it conveys information about how the utterance is related to the discourse and to the mutual beliefs which interlocutors build up during the course of the discourse, as discussed in Ward and Hirschberg (1985) and Pierrehumbert and Hirschberg (1990).
Basal Ganglia: Habit

Habits have been linked to activity in circuits based in the basal ganglia. This article summarizes current ideas about habit learning developed in cognitive, experimental, and computational neuroscience. Altogether, evidence is converging that the development of habits involves a gradual process that changes the control of behavior from a conscious goal-oriented framework to a control framework allowing behaviors to occur in particular contexts without high-level, conscious, goal-directed intervention. While some of these ideas resemble those developed years ago in psychology, modern approaches based on new techniques for analyzing brain activity and operational definitions of habits are refining concepts of the brain’s habit circuits.
Toward artificial intelligence in catalysis

Typically, catalysts are discovered through trial and error coupled with chemical intuition. Now, an automatic machine-learning framework has been developed that can guide itself to find intermetallic surfaces with desired catalytic properties.
Establishment of Immunoglobulin Heavy (IGH) Chain Clonality Testing by Next-Generation Sequencing for Routine Characterization of B-Cell and Plasma Cell Neoplasms.

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) clonality testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers unique advantages over current low-throughput methods in the assessment of B-cell lineage neoplasms. Clinical use remains limited because assays are not standardized and validation/implementation guidelines are not yet developed. Herein, we describe our clinical validation and implementation of NGS IGH clonality testing and summarize our experience based on extensive routine use. NGS-based clonality testing targeting IGH FR1, FR2, FR3, and the conserved leader sequence upstream of FR1 was validated using commercially available kits. Data were analyzed by commercial and in-house–developed bioinformatics pipelines. Performance characteristics were evaluated directly comparing with capillary electrophoresis (CE) assays (BIOMED-2 primers). Assays were monitored after implementation (>1.5 years), concurrently testing by CE methods. A total of 1189 clinical samples were studied (94 validation, 1095 postimplementation). NGS showed superior performance compared with CE assays. For initial assessment, clonality detection rate was >97% for all malignancy types. Concordance with CE was 96%; discordances were related to higher sensitivity/resolution of NGS and improved detection in cases with high somatic hypermutation. Routine NGS clonality assessment is feasible and superior to existing assays, enabling accurate and specific index clone assessment and future tracking of all rearrangements in a patient sample. Successful implementation requires new standardization, validation, and implementation processes, which should be performed as a multicenter and multidisciplinary collaboration.
CHAPTER 11 – Feeding in Paleognathous Birds

Within Neornithes (modern birds), monophyly of the nominal taxa Paleognathae is disputed. Divergence of the two putative lineages may have occurred as long as 120 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, but there is no consensus on which group is more phenotypically primitive. The large, sometimes giant, flightless ratites include 10 species in six extant genera and two extinct groups. Ratites are believed to have reached their modern pattern of distribution on southern land masses by means of vicariance and dispersal via land routes across Antarctica during the late Cretaceous and/or early Tertiary, approximately 80 to 50 million years ago. Paleognathous birds possess a small tongue, a mostly cartilaginous hyobranchial skeleton and feed cranioinertially. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, the morphology and function of the paleognathous hyolingual apparatus are described and compared to the generalized neognathous condition. Second, these data are compared to comparable data for fossil and extant reptilian outgroups to determine whether the paleognathous or the neognathous condition is representative of the primitive condition for neornithine birds. The evolutionary origins of the modern avian hyolingual apparatus and of two basic types of avian feeding—ratite (obligate) cranioinertial feeding and avian lingual feeding—are discussed.
The Relationship Between Attention, Dyslexia, and Convergence Insufficiency

Dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are two distinct conditions belonging to the same class of frequently and comorbidly diagnosed childhood and adolescent developmental disorders. Further complicating treatment and diagnoses is convergence insufficiency, a visual disorder, with symptoms that can appear similar to dyslexia’s diagnostic criteria. ADHD and dyslexia have a worldwide prevalence of 5-12% each among the school-age population and 4-10% of young adults. As many as 1 million U.S. ADHD diagnoses are situational with undocumented, pre-existing conditions (e.g., convergence insufficiency, dyslexia). Convergence insufficiency, characterized by an inability to converge the eyes smoothly as a focal object moves from distance to near, affects 2-8% of the worldwide population. Given the number of people worldwide who may be diagnosed, misdiagnosed, or undiagnosed by these three disorders, it is of value to explore the intersectionality of these conditions among college-aged students. This project investigated the relationship between self-reported scores on a standard ADHD measure, as well as ADHD diagnoses, dyslexia, and convergence insufficiency using optometric and neuropsychological assessments. We found ADHD diagnosis and its self-reported symptoms were significantly correlated with total scores on the Adult Reading History Questionnaire, dyslexia diagnoses, and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey. All three self-report assessments and near visual acuity significantly correlated; indicating that as visual acuity improves, total assessment scores decrease. These combined results highlight a distinct and important relationship between vision, attention, and reading and support a more holistic assessment in the identification, diagnosis, intervention, and treatment of cognitive problems pertaining to reading and learning. Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Heide Island
Cytochrome P450 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation.

5204 Purpose: Three enzymatic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, involving cyclooxygenases, lipooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases have been identified in mammalian cells, but the latter pathway has been not been as well characterized in cancer. The aim of this study is to determine whether CYP enzymes induce cancer cell proliferation. Experimental Design: RT PCR was used to measure CYP3A4 and 3A5 levels in ER+ and ER- breast cancer lines. siRNA was used to knock down the level of CYP3A4 and 3A5, to determine effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Effects of pharmacological inhibition of CYP3A4 and 3A5 by the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir and the epoxygenase inhibitor 17-ODYA were also determined. Results: CYP3A4 mRNA is expressed in the breast cancer lines T47D, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 and, whereas CYP3A5 mRNA is expressed in the T47D and MCF7 lines, but not in MDA-MB-231. Although the corresponding proteins cannot be detected by western blot, inhibition of CYP3A4 by siRNA, verified by reduction of mRNA levels, inhibits the proliferation of each of the lines by 30% (P
Thermodynamic analysis of the pathway for ethanol production from cellobiose in Clostridium thermocellum

Abstract Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate for consolidated bioprocessing by carrying out both cellulose solubilization and fermentation. However, despite significant efforts the maximum ethanol titer achieved to date remains below industrially required targets. Several studies have analyzed the impact of increasing ethanol concentration on C. thermocellum’s membrane properties, cofactor pool ratios, and altered enzyme regulation. In this study, we explore the extent to which thermodynamic equilibrium limits maximum ethanol titer. We used the max-min driving force (MDF) algorithm (Noor et al., 2014) to identify the range of allowable metabolite concentrations that maintain a negative free energy change for all reaction steps in the pathway from cellobiose to ethanol. To this end, we used a time-series metabolite concentration dataset to flag five reactions (phosphofructokinase (PFK), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)) which become thermodynamic bottlenecks under high external ethanol concentrations. Thermodynamic analysis was also deployed in a prospective mode to evaluate genetic interventions which can improve pathway thermodynamics by generating minimal set of reactions or elementary flux modes (EFMs) which possess unique genetic variations while ensuring mass and redox balance with ethanol production. MDF evaluation of all generated (336) EFMs indicated that, i) pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) has a higher pathway MDF than the malate shunt alternative due to limiting CO2 concentrations under physiological conditions, and ii) NADPH-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) can alleviate thermodynamic bottlenecks at high ethanol concentrations due to cofactor modification and reduction in ATP generation. The combination of ATP linked phosphofructokinase (PFK-ATP) and NADPH linked alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-NADPH) with NADPH linked aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-NADPH) or ferredoxin: NADP ​+ ​oxidoreductase (NADPH-FNOR) emerges as the best intervention strategy for ethanol production that balances MDF improvements with ATP generation, and appears to functionally reproduce the pathway employed by the ethanologen Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. Expanding the list of measured intracellular metabolites and improving the quantification accuracy of measurements was found to improve the fidelity of pathway thermodynamics analysis in C. thermocellum. This study demonstrates even before addressing an organism’s enzyme kinetics and allosteric regulations, pathway thermodynamics can flag pathway bottlenecks and identify testable strategies for enhancing pathway thermodynamic feasibility and function.
Turtles and trail cameras: non-invasive monitoring using artificial platforms

Freshwater turtles often utilize basking habitats, allowing researchers to obtain population estimates and relative abundances from visual observations via spotting scopes in addition to other traditional trapping methods. Emerging technologies, such as camera trapping with wildlife trail cameras have been extensively utilized in other taxa, primarily mammals and in reptiles such as terrestrial tortoises, but to a lesser extent for monitoring freshwater turtles. Given their ability to bask, combining readily available non-invasive camera traps with standardized platforms may aid researchers study freshwater turtle populations and basking behavior. We assessed this method by deploying a novel artificial basking platform design in tandem with camera traps for weekly monitoring of turtles at a small semi-urban pond in central North Carolina for six months (April to September 2018). Basking behavior was documented with 1098 observations, with the number of turtles utilizing platforms varying according to season, and overall peak use during late spring and early fall. We also noted shifts in artificial basking structure use by species, with Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, replacing Yellow-bellied slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, as the dominant basking species over time. Conservation managers should consider using both platforms and trail cameras, for monitoring of freshwater basking turtle populations and as a metric for turtle presence or for detailed studies of behavior.
Nested and Repeated Cross Validation for Classification Model With High-Dimensional Data

Con la llegada de las tecnologias de alto rendimiento, los conjuntos de datos de alta dimension estan cada vez mas disponibles. Esto no solo ha abierto una nueva vision acerca de los sistemas biologicos, sino que tambien plantea desafios analiticos. Un problema importante es la seleccion de subconjuntos de variables y la prediccion de resultados futuros. Es crucial que los modelos no sean sobreajustados y que den resultados precisos con nuevos datos. Ademas, la identificaci on confiable de variables informativas con alto poder predictivo (seleccion de caracteristicas) es de interes en entornos clinicos. Proponemos un procedimiento de dos etapas para la seleccion de variables y la construccion de modelos de clasificacion, el cual utiliza un metodo de validacion cruzada anidada y repetida. Evaluamos nu\-estro enfoque utilizando tanto datos simulados como dos conjuntos de datos de expresion genica disponibles publicamente. El metodo propuesto mostro una precision predictiva comparativamente mejor para casos nuevos en comparacion con el metodo estandar de validacion cruzada.
DC Magnetron-Sputtered Mo Thin Films with High Adhesion, Conductivity and Reflectance

The main challenge in the deposition of molybdenum thin films for high efficiency in copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) modules lies in gaining an adherent coating without compromising conductivity and reflectance characteristics. In this study, Mo thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass by DC magnetron sputtering at different deposition power (55, 100, 200 and 300 W) and with high working gas pressure (2 and 4 Pa). Analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Hall effect were employed to analyze the structure, morphology and electrical resistivity of the deposited films. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry was performed to measure the reflectance and a cross-hatch adhesion tape test was employed to determine the adhesion behavior of deposited films. With higher sputtering power and reduced gas pressure, an increase in the crystallite size of the deposited films was observed. Films deposited at higher gas pressure were found with tensile stresses and higher adhesion with the substrate. The van der Pauw method reveals an increase in conductivity at high power and low gas pressure. Improved reflectance was achieved at moderate sputtering power and low gas pressure.
Pretreatment Assessment of Psychosocial Readiness Is Not Associated with Improved Treatment Outcomes in a Safety-Net HCV Treatment Clinic.

OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly curable with antiviral therapy, and traditionally, treatment adherence has been critical for treatment success. We sought to determine whether assessing HCV treatment readiness with a structured treatment readiness tool was associated with increased rates of adherence and cure among patients at a safety-net HCV clinic. METHODS We administered the Psychosocial Readiness Evaluation and Preparation for HCV Treatment (PREP-C) tool to 50 patients and compared them with 50 patients who received the usual care. The outcome measures included achievement of treatment milestones (eg, adherence to treatment, clinic visit attendance) and sustained virologic response (cure). RESULTS We found no association between receiving the PREP-C assessment and outcomes, including referral to or starting HCV treatment, adherence to treatment, and HCV cure. CONCLUSIONS We found that receiving the PREP-C assessment did not improve treatment outcomes, suggesting that targeted pretreatment assessment is unnecessary even in a medically and psychosocially complex population.
Screening for Intracranial Aneurysms in Coarctation of the Aorta: A Decision and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background: Patients with coarctation of the aorta have a high prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) and suffer subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at younger ages than the general population. Americ...
PMC observations from the OMPS Limb Profiler

Abstract We present new observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP) instrument. The OMPS LP limb scattering measurements provide altitude-resolved PMC observations with full global coverage from 2012 to the present. Relative PMC brightness observed by OMPS LP varies between hemispheres due to changes in viewing geometry, consistent with other limb scattering PMC measurements. LP season start dates for PMC detection are comparable to the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite. LP also views the same location as nadir-viewing PMC measurements from the OMPS Nadir Profiler with a minimal time difference. These “common volume” measurements can be used to improve the quality of the 40+ year satellite PMC data record by reducing the number of false detections in SBUV-type measurements at mid-latitudes.
Pancreaticopleural Fistula: A Cause of Recurrent Pleural Effusions in Chronic Pancreatitis

Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis caused by disruption of the pancreatic duct and fistulous communication with the pleural cavity. It usually presents with respiratory symptoms from recurrent large volume pleural effusions. Paucity of abdominal symptoms makes it a diagnostic challenge, leading often to delayed diagnosis. Marked elevation of pleural fluid amylase, which is not a commonly performed test, is a sensitive marker in its detection. Imaging with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can help delineate the fistula. In this report, we present the clinical features, imaging, and management of a 59-year-old male patient with pancreaticopleural fistula, wherein the diagnosis was suspected only after repeated pleural fluid drainages were performed for re-accumulating pleural effusions and it was eventually successfully treated with pancreatic duct stenting. We review the literature with regards to the incidence, presentation, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity.
Examining the Heterogeneous Impact of Ride-Hailing Services on Public Transit Use

We examine the impact that ride-hailing services have had on the demand for different modes of public transit in the United States, with a particular focus on understanding heterogeneity in the effects. We assess these effects using a panel data set that combines information on public transit utilization (from the Federal Transit Administration) with information on ride-hailing providers’ staggered arrival into different locations, based on public press releases and newspaper reports. Our analysis indicates that, on average, ride-hailing services have led to significant reductions in the utilization of city bus services while increasing utilization of commuter rail services. These average effects are also subject to a great deal of contextual heterogeneity, depending on the size of the local population, rates of violent crime, weather, gas prices, transit riders’ average trip distance, and the overall quality of public transit options. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings to alternative model specifications. Our findings contribute to the prior literature on technology substitution and complementarity and suggest explanations for contradictory findings that have been reported on ride-hailing’s influence on public transit demand. We also offer useful insights for policymakers, highlighting the nuanced implications of ride-hailing services for different transit operators, depending on the local context.
Priority pixels: the social and cultural implications of romance in video games

Video games are not immediately synonymous with romance, but role-playing games can present players with opportunities to flirt, establish digital relationships, and even experience intimacy with p...
Collective dynamics in lipid membranes containing transmembrane peptides

Biological membranes are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and proteins that influence each other's structure and function. The biological activities of many channel-forming peptides and proteins are known to depend on the material properties of the surrounding lipid bilayer. However, less is known about how membrane-spanning channels affect the lipid bilayer properties, and in particular, their collective fluctuation dynamics. Here we use neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) to measure the collective bending and thickness fluctuation dynamics in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (di 14 : 0 PC, DMPC) lipid membranes containing two different antimicrobial peptides, alamethicin (Ala) and gramicidin (gD). Ala and gD are both well-studied antimicrobial peptides that form oligomeric membrane-spanning channels with different structures. At low concentrations, the peptides did not have a measurable effect on the average bilayer structure, yet significantly changed the collective membrane dynamics. Despite both peptides forming transmembrane channels, they had opposite effects on the relaxation time of the collective bending fluctuations and associated effective bending modulus, where gD addition stiffened the membrane while Ala addition softened the membrane. Meanwhile, the lowest gD concentrations enhanced the collective thickness fluctuation dynamics, while the higher gD concentrations and all studied Ala concentrations dampened these dynamics. The results highlight the synergy between lipids and proteins in determining the collective membrane dynamics and that not all peptides can be universally treated as rigid bodies when considering their effects on the lipid bilayer fluctuations.
The impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on disease progression in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

6049Background: In the head and neck, human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC) has a better prognosis and more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) compared...
Neurological complications in COVID-19: A single case study of rehabilitation treatment

Background/aims: COVID-19 is a global pandemic, which has seen over 198 million cases as of August 2021. This case study highlights the rehabilitation of a young patient with respiratory and neurol...
PFASs pollution in Galveston Bay surface waters and biota (shellfish and fish) following AFFFs use during the ITC fire at Deer Park (March 17th-20th 2019), Houston, TX.

Abstract The use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) as fire retardants is an critical point-source for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) pollution into the aquatic environment. This study investigated PFASs pollution in the surface waters and biota (shellfish and fish) of Galveston Bay, following AFFFs use to extinguish a petrochemical fire (March 17th to 20th, 2019) of oil storage tanks at the International Terminals Company (ITC) in Deer Park (Houston, TX). The levels of up to twelve EPA priority PFASs were measured in surface waters and biota from March–November 2019. PFASs levels in surface waters showed mean total levels in March and April 2019 to be from 4× to ~300× higher than those measured in the following months. PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) was the most abundant homolog measured at ≥66% of total PFASs. Maximal PFOS levels exceeded the State of Texas' water regulatory limit of 0.6 μg L−1 in 3% of the samples analyzed in March and April 2019. PFOS was also the most prominent homolog (≥66% of total PFASs) measured in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). A statistically significant elevation of PFOS body-burdens was measured in oysters and spotted seatrout in April and May 2019, respectively. A Hazard Ratio calculation for seafood safety suggests an advisory of 1–2 meals per week for gafftopsail catfish and red drum, and 2 meals per week for spotted seatrout to be protective for human exposure to PFOS. The levels in oysters indicated no immediate concerns for the dietary exposure of humans. Our results highlight a need for continual monitoring to assess the long-term fate and seafood advisories for PFASs.
Promoting Positive Youth Development Through Healthy Middle School Environments

Positive Youth Development (PYD) acknowledges youth as unique and dynamic entities constantly interacting with and influencing their environment, emphasizing multiple supports and services necessary to help youth transition through various stages of their development. School-wide policies and practices that create a supportive environment for youth may be more effective and lasting than a single program. Environments, particularly safety, support, youth interaction and engagement with the school, have significant impact on youth behavior. This chapter reviews evidence for the development and high-quality implementation of multi-level interventions to create a school environment that promotes positive youth development. This includes a review of ongoing research on emerging approaches promoting a restorative school environment, and a discussion of how to apply Getting To Outcomes®, an evidence-based support intervention, to improve implementation of multi-level school-wide interventions. The chapter addresses important research, policy and practice gaps on middle school youth.
Molecular Regulation of Arousal States

Application of In Situ Hybridization to the Study of Rhythmic Neural Systems, H.E. Albers, R.T. Zoeller, and K.L. Huhman Estimation of the mRNAs Encoding the Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor and Acetylcholine Vesicular Transport Proteins Involved in Central Cardiovascular Regulation, J.J. Buccafusco, L.C. Zhang, and M.A. Prendergast Voltammetric Detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the Rat Brain: Release Throughout the Sleep-Wake Cycle, S. Burlet and R. Cespuglio Sleep Regulatory Substances: Change in mRNA Expression Linked to Sleep, Z. Chen and J.M. Krueger Immediate Early Genes as a Tool to Understand the Regulation of the Sleep-Waking Cycle: Immunocytochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, and Antisense Approaches, C. Cirelli, M. Pompeiano, and G. Tononi Methods for the Measurement of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity, C.W. Emala Methods Used to Assess Specific Messenger RNA Expression During Sleep, M.A. Greco, L. Ramanathan, R. Basheer, and P.J. Shiromani Competition Binding Assays for Determining the Affinity and Number of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Tissue Homogenates, A.U. Hoglund and H.A. Baghdoyan Isolation and Identification of Specific Transcripts by Subtractive Hybridization, T.S. Kilduff, L. de Lecea, H. Usui, and J.G. Sutcliffe Use of In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry to Study Muscarinic Receptor mRNA Expression in Brains of Sleep-Deprived Rats, C. Kushida and D.M. Simmons Transcriptional Regulation of Putative Sleep Promoting Compounds, M. Mackiewicz, S.C. Veasey, and A.I. Pack Chemical Mutagenesis and Screening for Mouse Mutations with an Altered Rest-Activity Pattern, P.M. Nolan, T.A. Houpt, and M. Bucan Reverse Transcription mRNA Differential Display: A Systematic Molecular Approach to Identify Changes in Gene Expression Across the Sleep-Waking Cycle, M. Pompeiano, C. Cirelli, and G. Tononi In Situ Hybridization of Messenger RNA in Sleep Research, T. Porkka-Heiskanen, J. Toppila, and D. Stenberg New Directions in the Analysis of Brain Substances Related to Sleep and Wakefulness, G. Siuzdak and S. Henriksen Sleep and Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms in Prion Protein Knockout Mice, I.M. Tobler, M. Fischer, and J. Manson Measurement of Nitric Oxide in the Brain Using the Hemoglobin Trapping Technique Coupled with In Vivo Microdialysis, J.A. Williams, S.R. Vincent, and P.B. Reiner Mapping Regional Cerebral Protein Synthesis During Sleep, R.K. Zoltoski Index
If the Trumpet Does Not Sound a Clear Call

Economics and theology come into contact whenever theology sets out to inform and guide actions within the realm of the economy, which I define as the realm of exchanges mediated by money. In such cases, theology is concerned with both the intent and the consequences of these actions, because it is concerned with the inner state or character of the actors as well as with the outer, or external, results.
Integrating Best Practices in ELL Classrooms with Quality Physical Education Instruction

This article provides multiple examples of strategies in the areas of planning, instruction, and assessment to address the particular needs of English language learners, or students with limited English proficiency, in physical education.
X-linkage in bipolar affective illness: Perspectives on genetic heterogeneity, pedigree analysis and the X-chromosome map☆

The search for genetic markers is a powerful strategy in psychiatric genetics. The present article examines four areas relevant to discrepancies among X-linkage studies in bipolar affective disorder. These are questions of ascertainment, analytic methods, the X-chromosome map and genetic heterogeneity. The following conclusions are reached: (a) Positive linkage findings cannot be attributed to ascertainment bias or association between affective illness and colorblindness. (b) The possibility that falsely positive linkage results were obtained by using inappropriate analytic methods is ruled out. (c) Reported linkages of bipolar illness to colorblind and G6PD loci are compatible with known map distances between X-chromosome loci. Linkage to the Xg antigen remains uncertain. (d) The discrepancy among the various data sets on affective illness and colorblindness is best explained by significant linkage heterogeneity among pedigrees informative for the two traits.