cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Abnormal Problem about Thrust Pad and Axial Displacement on 600 MW Supercritical Units

This paper aims at the high thrust pad temperature and abnormal axial displacement problem during the start-up course of 600 MW Supercritical Units.The problem is analyzed in terms of basic principle and site installation,and the treatment is given.
Analysis on confirmation results of HIV antibody test in Liaoyang city,2011-2013

Objective To examine the status of human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) antibody screening and confirmation test in Liaoyang city and to provide evidences for improving HIV infection detection in the city. Methods Western blot( WB) assay was adopted in the confirmation test according the requirement of National Technical Manual for HIV testing; chi-square test was used in data analysis. Results Of the 128 HIV antibody positive specimens during the period of 2011- 2013 in the city,85( 66. 41%) were positive,28( 21. 88%) were negative,and 15( 11. 72%) were indeterminate based on the results of WB confirmation assay and there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of standard deviation / cut off value( S / CO) among the screening results with the three types of confirmation outcome( χ2= 111. 794,P 0. 05); for the specimens with the S / CO value of 6 in the screening test,the WB confirmation positive rate was 95. 3%( 81 /85) and 49. 4%( 42 /85) of the specimens showed full pattern in WB band type. Conclusion There are false positive results in HIV antibody screening,even for the specimens with the S / CO value of 6 and confirmation test is needed.
Ocular Findings in Pediatric Systemic Disease

The many diseases and disorders that frequently have ophthalmologic implications in the pediatric age group are discussed.
Cancer control potential of marine natural product scaffolds through inhibition of tumor cell migration and invasion

The marine environment is a reliable source for the discovery of novel treatment options for numerous diseases. Past research efforts toward the discovery of marine-derived anticancer agents have resulted in several commercially available marine-based drugs. The pharmaceutical value of anticancer drugs from marine natural products (MNPs) ranges from US$563 billion to US$5.69 trillion. In this review, we highlight several marine-derived entities with the potential for cancer control and prevention through the inhibition of crucial tumor cell motility and/or migration steps involved in subsequent cancer metastases. This report also covers the major hurdles typically faced by the MNPs research scientific community.
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Presenting with Infantile Spasms and Intellectual Disability

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an inborn error of metabolism leading to progressive multisystem disease. Symptoms often begin in the first decade of life with chronic diarrhea, cataracts, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and cerebellar or pyramidal dysfunction. Later manifestations include tendon xanthomas, polyneuropathy, and abnormal neuroimaging. Pathogenic biallelic variants in CYP27A1 leading to compromised function of sterol 27-hydroxylase result in accumulation of detectable toxic intermediates of bile acid synthesis rendering both genetic and biochemical testing effective diagnostic tools. Effective treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid is available, making early diagnosis critical for patient care. Here we report a new patient with CTX and describe the early signs of disease in this patient. Initial symptoms included infantile spasms, which have not previously been reported in CTX. Developmental delay, mild intellectual disability with measured cognitive decline in childhood, was also observed. These clinical signs do not traditionally compel testing for CTX, and we highlight the need to consider this rare but treatable disorder among the differential diagnosis of children with similar clinical presentation. Increased awareness of early signs of CTX is important for improving time to diagnosis for this patient population.
Intracranial Pathology of Erdheim Chester Disease (P3.272)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the intracranial pathology found in neurologic Erdheim Chester Disease (ECD). BACKGROUND: ECD is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving multiple organs including the CNS, where the presentation can resemble primary malignancy, lymphoma or inflammatory demyelination. Diagnosis requires finding CD68+, CD163+, CD1a-, CD207-, S100+/-, Factor XIIIa+ foamy macrophages. BRAF and other RAS genes mutations are associated with this disease. CNS histology is rarely or poorly described in the literature. DESIGN / METHODS: 5 patients with confirmed ECD (per consensus guidelines) who also had intracranial biopsies were evaluated under NHGRI study 11-HG-0207. Clinical, imaging and pathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Biopsies were from dura, temporal lobe, brainstem, pituitary and frontal lobe. One patient had the CD68+/CD1a- histiocytes in the temporal lobe with reactive lymphocyte infiltrates and demyelination. Another patient had inflammatory histiocytes in the brainstem. A third patient had had CD68+/CD1a+/S100+ histiocytes in the dura mater. A fourth patient had evidence of B-cell lymphoma (a known comorbidity in this patient) but no evidence of ECD in his brain. A fifth patient had a pituitary biopsy that was normal, in spite of having extensive pituitary involvement radiographically. Imaging and clinical findings varied amongst the 5 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic involvement of ECD is variable in patients with confirmed ECD. CNS histiocytes involved in the disease process can adopt cytopathological patterns atypical of ECD. Additionally, we saw neuropil invasion, demyelination, reactive lymphocytes and reactive glia. Overall, neurologic ECD exhibits CNS-specific features. These results may suggest an explanation for why neurologic involvement carries a poorer prognosis in ECD and raises the possibility that neuro-ECD may respond differently to treatments than systemic disease. Disclosure: Dr. Dave has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boyd has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Brien has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Estrada-Veras has nothing to disclose.
Phase partitioning of aerosol particles during crystallization

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the three groups of particles dried from KCl/NaCl, KC1/KI, and (NH4)2SO4/NH4NO3 mixed solutions at different mole ratios. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that phase partitioning of multicomponent aerosol particles occurs during crystallization. Particles dried from multicomponent aqueous aerosols do not have a homogeneous chemical morphology except at the eutonic point. Rapid single-particle mass spectrometry (RSMS) has been used to explore the chemical composition of particles dried from KCl/NaCl, KC1/KI, and (NH4)2SO4/NH4NO3 mixed solutions at different mole ratios. The results suggest that the surface layer is enriched with the minor component and are consistent with the thermodynamic predictions.
Comparing the Utilization and Cost of Health Services between Veterans Experiencing Brief and Ongoing Episodes of Housing Instability

Housing instability is associated with costly patterns of health and behavioral health service use. However, little prior research has examined patterns of service use associated with higher costs among those experiencing ongoing housing instability. To address this gap, we compared inpatient and outpatient medical and behavioral health service utilization and costs between veterans experiencing brief and ongoing episodes of housing instability. We used data from a brief screening instrument for homelessness and housing instability that has been implemented throughout the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system to identify a national sample of veterans experiencing housing instability. Veterans were classified as experiencing either brief or ongoing housing instability, based on two consecutive responses to the instrument, and we used a series of two-part regression models to conduct adjusted comparisons of costs between veterans experiencing brief and ongoing episodes of housing instability. Among 5794 veterans screening positive for housing instability, 4934 (85%) were experiencing brief and 860 (15%) ongoing instability. The average total annual incremental cost associated with ongoing versus brief episodes of housing instability was estimated at $7573, with the bulk of this difference found in inpatient services. Cost differences resulted more from a higher probability of service use among those experiencing ongoing episodes of housing instability than from higher costs among service users. Our findings suggest that VA programmatic efforts aimed at preventing extended episodes of housing instability could potentially result in substantial cost offsets for the VA health care system.
Drainage Water Quality Impacts of Agricultural Management Practices: Effectof Manure Application Timing and Cover Crops

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of various cropping and nutrient management systems on drainage water quality and crop yields. Treatment comparisons evaluate the impact of liquid swine manure application timing, nitrification inhibitor with late fall swine manure application, cereal rye cover crop, and gypsum application. These comparisons will be conducted for multiple years and used to develop appropriate manure and nutrient management practices in order to minimize water contamination potential and enhance the use of swine manure as a nutrient resource.
Addressing Hereditary Cancer Risk at the End of Life.

Oncology guidelines clearly outline evidence-based recommendations for patients with newly diagnosed cancer to help oncologists determine which patients are appropriate for a genetic assessment. Ideally, patients with newly diagnosed cancer, who have personal or family histories suggestive of hereditary cancer predisposition, are referred for genetics work up in the nonurgent setting. However, in some cases, a genetics work up is delayed until the end of life. This is a time of heightened stress and additional obstacles, including discordance between family members regarding the obtainment of genetic information, paying for testing, selecting a surrogate to receive and disperse information in the case of a patient’s death, and the use of DNA banking for future evaluation. To meaningfully participate and support patients, family members, and our colleagues facing requests at the end of life for genetic testing, we provide a practical approach and highlight resources to effectively engage in this rising cha...
Interweaving Domain Knowledge and Unsupervised Learning for Psychiatric Stressor Extraction from Clinical Notes

Mental health is an increasingly important problem in healthcare. Psychiatric stressors are one of the major contributors of mental disorders. Very few studies have investigated stressor data in electronic health records, mostly because they are recorded in narrative texts. This study takes the initiative to develop a natural language processing system to automatically extract psychiatric stressors from clinical notes. Our approach integrates domain knowledge from multiple sources and unsupervised word representation features generated from deep learning based algorithms, to address the context dependence and data sparseness challenges caused by idiosyncratic psychosocial backgrounds. Experimental results on psychiatric notes from the CEGS N-GRID 2016 challenge demonstrate that the proposed approach is promising. The best performing configuration achieved a precision of 90.5%, a recall of 65.5%, and a F-measure of 76.0% for inexact matching.
Abstract WP169: Patients With Aphasia Demonstrate Variability in Regional Functional Recruitment in Correct Naming Task

Approximately 20-40% of stroke survivors suffer from aphasia, the partial or complete loss of language processing. It has been observed that patients with aphasia will typically make the same numbe...
Super Cross-Presentation of Tumor Antigens to Elicit Anti-Lymphoma Immunity By Synthetic Design of an Anti-Phosphatidylserine Bridge Protein

Cell loss by apoptosis is a common feature in tumors. Dying tumor cells induce immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment largely through highly conserved homeostatic clearance programs that restore tissue immune homeostasis and contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive niche. The translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) on cellular membranes, during the initial phases of apoptosis, functions as a recognition and removal signal that limits the immunogenicity of cell death. We examined whether altering clearance of dying cancer cells to elicit inflammatory turnover potentiates immune responses against lymphoma cells. To remove inhibitory signals in the homeostatic clearance pathway we utilized a molecular bridge scaffold to engineer a modified phosphatidylserine bridge protein (FA58C2-hIgG1 or C2-hIgG1) that works as a bridge between apoptotic cells expressing aminophospholipids and phagocytes bearing Fc receptors. In vitro administration of C2-hIgG1 to murine bone marrow derived macrophages promotes engulfment of apoptotic murine lymphoma cells (38C13 cell line) and ablates the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and IL-12p40 to the presence of apoptotic cells. Similarly, uptake of C2-hIgG1 treated lymphoma cells triggers upregulation of the costimulatory markers CD80, CD86, and MHC class II on macrophages and promotes secretion of Th1-recruiting lymphocyte chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5. Accordingly, in vivo administration of C2-hIgG1 partially restores immune responses to dead lymphoma cells in antigen cross presentation assays and promotes recruitment and retention of tumor antigen specific CD8 + T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells into tumors. These effects combine to elicit anti-lymphoma immunity, improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive T cell transfers using engineered T Cell Receptors (TCRs) but not CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor engineered (CAR-T) T cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reported contraceptive use in the month of becoming pregnant among U.S. abortion patients in 2000 and 2014.

Abstract Objectives The objective was to determine whether types of contraceptive methods used by abortion patients in the month they became pregnant changed between 2000 and 2014. Study design We used secondary data from the 2000 (n=10,015) and 2014 (8177) Abortion Patient Surveys. Patients were asked which contraceptive methods they had last used and when they had stopped or if they were still using them. The main outcome variable was type of contraceptive method used in the month the pregnancy began. We used bivariate logistic regressions to assess changes in the demographic and contraceptive use profiles of abortion patients. Results In both years, slightly more than half of patients reported that they had used a contraceptive method in the month they became pregnant, though the decline from 54% in 2000 to 51% in 2014 was statistically significant (p=.011). The methods most commonly reported to have been used in the month the pregnancy began were condoms (28% and 24% in 2000 and 2014, p Conclusions Contraceptive use patterns of abortion patients were similar in both time periods, and changes in method use mirrored changes in contraceptive use among the larger population of women. Implications Postabortion contraception counseling has the potential to help nonusers find methods that meet their preferences and to help women better use their current methods.
Jonathan Shariat and Cynthia Savard Saucier

The book succeeds in informing its audience about how poorly designed products can anger, sadden, exclude, and even kill those who use them. The authors also effectively explain what designers can do to avoid and fix these mistakes. Includes concrete, compelling, real-world stories and testimonials as evidence of how tragic design directly impacts people’s lives, and it offers practical recommendations for altering tragic design practices.
Direct Numerical Simulations using Vortex Methods

Direct numerical simulations are presented for viscous incompressible flows with and without solid wall boundaries. Our numerical method is based on vortex methods. The classical scheme is enhanced to account for viscous effects (diffusion and no-slip boundary condition) by appropriately modifying the strength of the particles. Computations for extended times are feasible by periodically remeshing the vorticity field. The particles are advanced using the Biot-Savart law for the evaluation of the velocity. Large scale computations using O(106) particles are feasible by efficiently employing fast summation algorithms. We present viscous and inviscid simulations of vortex merging and compare our results with those of spectral methods and contour dynamics. The impulsively started flow around a circular cylinder is also examined for Re = 40 to 9500.
Automatic Consumer Privacy Rights Embedded in Smart Grid Technology Standards by the Federal Government

Our nation is suffering from a variety of energy challenges – whether it is dependence on foreign oil or aging domestic infrastructure – that will shape our future economy. Nationwide investment in Smart Grid technology can help resolve some of these energy challenges. Smart Grid technology would modernize the energy sector by allowing increased communication through the energy system, including sending consumer energy use information to the utilities. Utilities can use consumer information to more effectively control demand and provide consumers with efficient energy-use tips. While smart grid technology presents many benefits, it also presents risks in terms of consumer privacy. For an efficient smart grid, utilities and third parties will need access to greater levels of consumer information, presenting a new problem in the privacy world. Unlike telephone services and the Internet, where consumers can choose to opt out of using such technologies to protect their privacy, Smart Grid technologies may be mandatory to consumers. Thus, it would force those on the grid to disclose personal information in a way the electric industry has never before required. In response to growing privacy concerns, in May 2010 the Department of Energy (DOE) requested comment from utilities, consumer groups, and other interested parties on the issue of energy consumer privacy. In response, the DOE issued two reports addressing privacy concerns in the Smart Grid. The central focus of this Note will encourage utilities and the government to focus on consumer privacy at the outset when implementing smart grid technologies. I propose that a federal agency, likely a new subdivision of the Department of Energy (DOE), regulate consumer information collected by utilities to ensure they take consumer privacy into account from the outset and make privacy the default option. With privacy as a main concern, the utilities will foster consumer confidence in the system and prevent problems in the future when Smart Grid technologies are deployed nationwide.
Differences in the profile, treatment, and prognosis of patients with cardiogenic shock by myocardial infarction classification: A report from NCDR

Background—Cardiogenic shock is a deadly complication of an acute myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to characterize differences in patient features, treatments, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock by MI classification: ST–segment-elevation MI (STEMI) versus non–ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). Methods and Results—We compared differences in care by the shock status of 235 541 patients with STEMI and NSTEMI treated at 392 US hospitals from 2007 to 2011. Cardiogenic shock occurred in 12.2% of patients with STEMI versus 4.3% of patients with NSTEMI. Compared with STEMI shock, NSTEMI shock was more likely in patients who were older and predominantly women; had diabetes mellitus, hypertension, previous heart failure, MI, or peripheral arterial disease; and who received coronary artery bypass grafting (11.6% versus 21.2%; P<0.0001) but less likely to have received percutaneous coronary intervention (84.2% versus 35.3%; P<0.0001). Compared with patients with STEMI presenting with shock at admission, patients w...
Differential pumping requirements for the light-ion helicon source and heating systems of Proto-MPEX

The physics of electron and ion heating of high-density deuterium helicon plasmas (>3 × 10 19 m−3) in the Proto-Material Plasma Exposure Experiment linear device are under investigation. Theoretical estimates indicate that for efficient heating, discharges with very low neutral gas content ( ≪0.1 Pa) in the heating sections are required to minimize collisional losses and charge exchange interactions with neutrals. However, this requirement is typically not compatible with the neutral gas pressures (1–2 Pa) commonly used in high-density, light-ion helicon sources. To satisfy these competing requirements, differential pumping techniques are needed. In this paper, results are presented that demonstrate the production of high-density discharges (2–6 × 10 19 m−3) with very low neutral gas content ( 75%) in the heating sections. Results indicate that the best fueling location is upstream of the plasma source. We elaborate on the key aspects that must be considered to produce these discharges: (1) fueling location, radio-frequency pulse length, and magnetic field configuration, (2) flow rate and timing of the gas injection, and (3) use of conductance-limiting elements.
The maternal reward system in postpartum depression

The experience of motherhood is most often emotionally positive and rewarding, but for many new mothers suffering from postpartum depression (PPD), this is not the case. Preclinical and clinical research has sought to uncover brain changes underlying PPD in order to gain a better understanding of how this disorder develops. This review focuses on the mesolimbic dopamine system, particularly the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens pathway which has been implicated in the regulation of critical functions disrupted in PPD including mood, motivation, and mothering. Specifically, we discuss normative changes in the mesolimbic system during motherhood in both rodents and humans and how these are impacted in PPD. We also consider modulation of mesolimbic dopamine by the hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin and how oxytocin-dopamine interactions regulate mood and mothering during the postpartum period. In addition to providing an overview of reward mechanisms in PPD, our goal is to highlight open questions which warrant further research.
Rib fractures in the elderly: physiology trumps anatomy

Introduction Rib fractures in elderly patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Predicting which patients are at risk for complications is an area of debate. Current models use anatomic, physiologic or laboratory parameters in isolation to answer this question. The ‘RibScore’ is an anatomic model that assesses fracture severity. Given that frailty is a major driver of adverse outcomes in the elderly, we hypothesize that the combined analysis of fracture severity, physiologic reserve and current pulmonary function are better predictors of respiratory compromise in this population. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 263 trauma patients age ≥55 from January 2014 to June 2017. Criteria included blunt mechanism and ≥ 1 rib fracture identified by CT. Variables indicating adverse pulmonary outcomes were defined by: pneumonia, respiratory failure and tracheostomy. Three models were assessed: (1) RibScore, (2) Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and (3) initial partial pressure of carbondioxide (PaCO2). Results A total of 263 patients met inclusion criteria. 13% developed pulmonary complications. Increased RibScore, mFI and PaCO2 were each statistically associated with risk of complications. Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve analysis of individual models predicted complications with the following concordance statistic (CS): anatomic (RibScore) yielded a CS of 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.89); physiologic (mFI) yielded a CS of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.91) and laboratory (PaCO2) yielded a CS of 0.88 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.95). The PaCO2 had the highest discriminative ability of the three individual models. Combining all three models yielded the best performance with a CS of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.97). Discussion The RibScore maintains discriminative ability in the elderly. However, models based on mFI and PaCO2 individually outperform the RibScore. A combination of all three models yields the highest discriminative ability. This combined approach is best for assessing the severity of rib fractures and prediction of complications in the elderly. Level of evidence Prognostic Study, Level III.
Improved Survival After Multimodal Approach with 131I Treatment in Patients with Bone Metastases Secondary to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) of radioiodine (131I) treatments alone or combined with non-131I treatments in patients with bone metastases (BM) o...
Structural homogenization and cation ordering in CZTS films during sulfurization as probed via in-situ Raman

Abstract In this work, we investigate the production of copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) thin films via the sintering of nanoparticle coatings. CZTS nanoparticles are produced via spray pyrolysis starting from a solution of metal salts and thiourea. This approach yields small particles that are easy to disperse and apply onto the desired substrate. Sintering these coatings into large-grained films, however, is not trivial. We have used a sodium disulfide-dipping technique that facilitates large-scale grain growth and high-phase purity after annealing in a sulfur atmosphere. We have also utilized a custom-built apparatus to perform in situ Raman spectroscopy on closed systems in volatile and corrosive environments at high temperatures. With this apparatus, we have observed the growth of long-range-ordered crystal domains at high temperature. We have found that precise control of the cooling rate is highly beneficial for cation ordering in large grain CZTS, and that cation re-ordering and phase re-homogenization in large grain CZTS are possible via low-temperature post-processing. This study highlights the fact that much is still not understood about the kinetics of phase evolution for this complex quaternary system during thermal processing, and that well-designed in-situ characterization techniques are necessary to overcome this fundamental lack of knowledge.
Transition State Asymmetry in C–H Bond Cleavage by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

The selective transformation of C-H bonds is a longstanding challenge in modern chemistry. A recent report details C-H oxidation via multiple-site concerted proton-electron transfer (MS-CPET), where the proton and electron in the C-H bond are transferred to separate sites. Reactivity at a specific C-H bond was achieved by appropriate positioning of an internal benzoate base. Here, we extend that report to reactions of a series of molecules with differently substituted fluorenyl-benzoates and varying outer-sphere oxidants. These results probe the fundamental rate versus driving force relationships in this MS-CPET reaction at carbon by separately modulating the driving force for the proton and electron transfer components. The rate constants depend strongly on the pKa of the internal base, but depend much less on the nature of the outer-sphere oxidant. These observations suggest that the transition states for these reactions are imbalanced. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to generate an internal reaction coordinate, which qualitatively reproduced the experimental observation of a transition state imbalance. Thus, in this system, homolytic C-H bond cleavage involves concerted but asynchronous transfer of the H+ and e-. The nature of this transfer has implications for synthetic methodology and biological systems.
Validating CCSM3 paleoclimate data using pollen-based reconstruction in the intermountain west

Abstract The use of spatially gridded paleoclimate data in niche modeling has become much more popular over the past decade. However, the datasets used are often derivative products produced from a coarse spatial resolution general circulation model, necessitating downscaling to make the data more meaningful to those studying organisms with restrictive geographic ranges. Knowing that researchers depend upon climate modelers to accurately recreate past climate regimes, this study compares the results from the downscaled and debiased Community Climate System Model 3 to pollen-based reconstructions for 27 sites in Wyoming, USA. Our comparison shows major disparities between the two climate reconstructions with average annual precipitation and actual evapotranspiration performing the best of six variables. This study demonstrates that models that evaluate climate envelopes for organisms whose habitat overlaps both montane regions and lower elevations, should carefully evaluate these types of downscaling efforts prior to making assumptions about an organism's climate niche space.
The State of Heavy Metal: A Review of Three Studies

Heavy metal studies, a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of academia, are no longer confined to the realm of sociologists. Truly interdisciplinary and wide-ranging, the field attracts inter...
MR-DNS: Multi-resolution Domain Name System.

Users want websites to deliver rich content quickly. However, rich content often comes from separate subdomains and requires additional DNS lookups, which negatively impact web performance metrics such as First Meaningful Paint Time, Page Load Time, and the Speed Index. In this paper we investigate the impact of DNS lookups on web performance and propose Multi-Resolution DNS (MR-DNS) to reduce DNS resolutions through response batching. Our results show that MR-DNS has the potential to improve Page Load Time around 14% on average, Speed Index around 10% on average and reduce DNS traffic around 50%. We also discuss how these gains may be realized in practice through incremental changes to DNS infrastructure.
An Evaluation of Strategic Incremental Rehearsal on Sight Word Acquisition Among Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in Reading

The Strategic Incremental Rehearsal (SIR) intervention, a modified version of Incremental Rehearsal, is an efficient flashcard procedure that has demonstrated effectiveness on sight word acquisition for children who exhibit reading difficulties. However, to date, the procedure has not been evaluated with children identified with a reading disability who have a history of receiving special education services. This study uses a multiple baseline design across participants to examine the effects of SIR with a modified criterion for removal on sight word reading with three third-grade participants receiving special education services for a specific learning disability in reading. Results indicated sight word reading increased for all 3 participants at the onset of intervention compared to baseline. The total intervention time for each participant ranged from 16 to 48 min. All 3 participants correctly read a minimum of 21 out of 25 targeted words at a 5-week maintenance check. The results indicated that SIR with a modified criterion of removal is a potentially effective and efficient intervention for sight word reading for participants with specific learning disabilities in reading.
Abstract 14992: Should Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) be Discharged on Sacubitril/Valsartan or ACEi/ARB: A Decision Analysis Approach

Introduction: In the PARADIGM-HF study, sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated a 16% decrease in all-cause mortality and a 21% decrease in heart failure hospitalization. Cost and concern for a higher ri...
Pond Dynamics Yield Minimal Net Loss of Vegetation Cover Across an Unditched Salt Marsh Landscape

Ponds in salt marshes are often misinterpreted as a symptom of degradation, yet ponds can also be part of a cyclical process of pond formation, expansion, breaching by tidal creeks, and vegetation recovery. Pond dynamics may be altered by accelerated sea level rise, with consequences for the long-term stability of ecosystems. This study tests the prediction that ponds are in dynamic equilibrium across one of the largest expanses of unditched salt marsh in the Northeast USA by (1) examining change in pond and marsh area between 1970 and present in both ditched and unditched regions and (2) by tracking individual pond dynamics across an 87-year time series. Across all marshes, vegetated area declined by 6.3%, with losses primarily due to edge erosion. Ditched marsh had significantly less pond area than unditched marsh. In unditched marshes, we found that net pond area has remained unchanged since 1970 because the amount of marsh conversion to ponds is equivalent to the amount of pond recovery to marsh. The overall extent of ponds connected to tidal creeks is increasing relative to isolated ponds that retain water at low tide, which suggests that some rates of change may be decoupling. This may correspond to a decline in the rate of pond formation, but other factors such as an increase in pond breaching rate and a lag in vegetation recovery rate may also contribute to this pattern. A nuanced understanding of marsh ponds needs to be incorporated into marsh condition assessments and establishment of restoration priorities so that ponds are not interpreted as evidence of degradation when they are exhibiting a recovery cycle. Unditched marshes around the world are a rare resource that remains essential for advancing scientific understanding and serving as reference sites for restoration of marshes altered by past management.
A Narrative Review of Qualitative Studies Describing Access to Kidney Transplantation.

Background:This review used the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior change to conceptualize the determinants of kidney transplant access behavior for adult patie...
Sex-Specific Function and Morphology of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During Skeletal Growth in a Porcine Model

Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are on the rise, and females experience higher ACL injury risk than males during adolescence. Studies in skeletally immature patients indicate differences in ACL size and joint laxity between males and females after the onset of adolescence. However, functional data regarding the ACL and its anteromedial and posterolateral bundles in the pediatric population remain rare. Therefore, this study uses a porcine model to investigate the sex-specific morphology and function of the ACL and its bundles throughout skeletal growth. Hind limbs from male and female Yorkshire pigs aged early youth to late adolescence were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging to measure the size and orientation of the ACL and its bundles, then biomechanically tested under anterior-posterior drawer using a robotic testing system. Joint laxity decreased (p
Air pollution, dementia, and related outcomes: an updated systematic review

Background/Aim: Since our prior review in 2016, the epidemiologic evidence examining the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and dementia and dementia-related outcomes has grown...
A Generalization of Classical Formulas in Numerical Integration and Series Convergence Acceleration.

Summation formulas, such as the Euler-Maclaurin expansion or Gregory's quadrature, have found many applications in mathematics, ranging from accelerating series, to evaluating fractional sums and analyzing asymptotics, among others. We show that these summation formulas actually arise as particular instances of a single series expansion, including Euler's method for alternating series. This new summation formula gives rise to a family of polynomials, which contain both the Bernoulli and Gregory numbers in their coefficients. We prove some properties of those polynomials, such as recurrence identities and symmetries. Lastly, we present one case study, which illustrates one potential application of the new expansion for finite impulse response (FIR) filters.
Use of Affinity Chromatography to Purify Plastocyanin and Cytochrome f

The use of affinity chromatography has revolutionized protein purification. We report here the development of two affinity chromatographic procedures which yield highly-purified plastocyanin (PC) and cytochrome f (cyt f). Both are tyrosine proteins (containing no tryptophan). Therefore, fluorescence is a very sensitive measure of their purity. This is due to the fact that tryptophans relatively high quantum yield allows a small amount of a tryptophan containing impurity to be easily detected (Fig. 1a,1b). Cyt f and PC both function in higher plant chloroplast electron transport (1). Cyt f transfers electrons from the cyt b6/f complex to PC, which transports the electrons to P700. Cyt f is a transmembrane protein and, from many species, tends to aggregate upon isolation (2). This difficulty was avoided by isolating cyt f from turnip leaves. Cyt f from Crucifers, such as turnip (3), remains in solution in monomeric form.
Pooling evidence to identify cell cycle–regulated genes

Most of the biological studies have embraced statistical approaches to make inferences. It is common to have several independent experiments to test the same null hypothesis. The goal of research on pooling evidence is to combine the results of these tests to ask if there is evidence from the collection of studies to reject the null hypothesis. In this study, we evaluated four different pooling techniques (Fisher, Logit, Stouffer and Liptak) to combine the evidence from independent microarray experiments in order to identify cell cycle-regulated genes. We were able to identify a better set of cell cycle-regulated genes using the pooling techniques based on our benchmark study on budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our gene ontology study on time series data of both the budding yeast and the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) showed that the GO terms that are related to cell cycle are significantly enriched in the cell cycle-regulated genes identified using pooling techniques.
Olivella Shells from Kansas Archaeological Sites

Olivella shells found in prehistoric archaeological sites in the Great Plains can be indicators of social contact and exchange. However, because different species of Olivella shells occur in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and because both were transported great distances by prehistoric people, precise species identification is necessary. Eighteen Olivella shells from Kansas archaeological sites are identified as being a Pacific Ocean species, Olivella dama, and reaffirms postulated trade ties between the Plains and Southwestern pueblos. The identification of an Atlantic species—olivella nivea—from the Early Ceramic Woodruff ossuary raises questions regarding either its identification or the nature of social contacts during that time period.
The biological basis of cancer

This is a revised and updated edition of a text used in undergraduate courses on cancer biology. It covers everything from the molecular basis of cancer to clinical aspects of the subject, and has a lengthy bibliography designed to assist newcomers with the cancer literature. An introduction acquaints students with the biological principles of cancer and the human dimensions of the disease by considering genuine cases of cancer in fictionalized letters. Other chapters discuss cancer pathology, metastasis, carcinogenesis, genetics, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, epidemiology, and the biological basis of cancer treatment. Also included are an appendix with descriptions of common forms of cancer, a glossary of cancer-related terms and colour plates to illustrate the pathology of many of the types of cancer discussed in the text. Upper-division undergraduates with a background in freshman biology and chemistry, as well as beginning graduate students will find this a valuable text.
Coaching within a domain independent inquiry environment

We describe a portable coaching environment used within a domain-independent inquiry-learning infrastructure. This coach reasons about a student's knowledge and offers pertinent, domain-specific feedback. It promotes good inquiry behavior by critiquing the student's hypotheses and supporting data and relationships among propositions. Four inquiry tutors in separate disciplines have been developed that use embedded expert knowledge bases and reusable domain-independent rules. We describe the functionality of the coach within an art history domain, discuss the implementation of the coach, and elaborate on the options given to domain authors for customization.
Why Defer to Managers? A Strong-Form Efficiency Model

We compare the efficiency with which management discretion and shareholder choice regulate hostile tender offers. This is the first paper in a long running debate that rigorously compares these legal rules to analyze both the critical informational assumptions and the interplay of those assumptions with principles of financial market efficiency. A critical innovation of our model is its focus on an informed management's choice among alternative corporate policies under the protection of the business judgment rule, but where agency costs exist. We assume that corporate assets and reinvestment opportunities are efficiently priced by financial markets, but that markets never learn the value of foregone investments. In this case, shareholder choice may create an agency problem whereby managers forego positive net present value investments that increase the risk of a hostile bid. We are able to determine analytic conditions under which the expected cost of this agency problem exceeds that of the standard agency problem usually identified with management discretion.
Normativity and Phenomenology in Husserl and Heidegger

Introduction Part I. Transcendental Philosophy, Phenomenology, and Normativity: 1. Making meaning thematic 2. Husserlian phenomenology 3. The matter and method of philosophy Part II. Husserl on Consciousness and Intentionality: 4. The first-person character of philosophical knowledge 5. Phenomenological immanence, normativity, and semantic externalism 6. The normative in perception 7. Husserl's subjectivism and the philosophy of mind Part III. Heidegger, Care, and Reason: 8. Subjectivity: locating the first-person in being and time 9. Conscience and reason 10. Being answerable: reason-giving and the ontological meaning of discourse Part IV. Phenomenology and Practical Philosophy: 11. The existential sources of normativity 12. Husserl and Heidegger on the intentionality of action 13. Heidegger on practical reasoning, agency, and morality.
Acne: a review of immunologic and microbiologic factors

Acne vulgaris is a self-limiting skin disorder seen primarily in adolescents, whose aetiology appears to be multifactorial. The four main aetiological factors are hypercornification of the pilosebaceous duct, increased sebum production, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and subsequently the production of inflammation. Considerable investigation has addressed the immunologic reaction to extracellular products produced by the acne-causing organism, P acnes. The immunologic response involves both humoral and cell-mediated pathways. Further research should clarify the role of complement, cytotoxins, and neutrophils in this acne-forming response. Keywords: acne vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes
Superbosonization of the superstring thirring ghosts

Abstract The fields of the superstring ghost model with a Thirring interaction, which are no longer superanalytic, are bosonized in terms of a pair of superanalytic scalar fields and their conjugates. A correspondence is made between the various OPEs and composite operators obtained using these superfields and their counterparts derived using the original bosonization of Friedan, Martinec and Shenker.
Fatty acid distribution of lipids from carcass, liver and fat bodies of the lizard, Cnemidophorus tigris, prior to hibernation

Abstract 1. 1. Male and female Cnemidophorus tigris caught in late August were studied for lipid and fatty acid content of carcass, liver and abdominal fat bodies. 2. 2. Fat bodies contained the highest percentage of lipids (66–97 per cent) while livers and carcasses contained 10–48 per cent and 2–14 per cent, respectively. 3. 3. Major fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, palimitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids.
Rationale for Inhibition of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Management of the Diabetic Patient

Patients with diabetes mellitus, especially the insulin-dependent variety, have increased circulating levels of growth hormone. On the basis of currently available information, the potential advantages of inhibition of growth hormone secretion as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes mellitus include improved metabolic control (less hyperglycaemia, greater stability), resulting from diminution of the insulin-antagonistic actions of this hormone, and reduced micro- and possibly macro-angiopathy, resulting not only from improved metabolic control but also from decreased direct effects of growth hormone on blood vessels.
Giving the User a Voice: Capturing Impact Through the Interjection of User Impact Surveys into the Information Retrieval Workflow

This article discusses a novel approach being developed at Oregon State University Libraries to move beyond usage statistics as a method to capture the larger impact of a specific set of resources for faculty. Utilizing a custom developed survey application, Oregon State University collection development librarians are able to modify the proxy workflow, inserting a point-of-use survey, allowing data collection to occur at the point of need and only on specific resources of interest.
Immobilization of Antimicrobial Peptide IG-25 onto Fluoropolymers via Fluorous Interactions and Click Chemistry

We report a practical method for biofunctionalization of fluoropolymers based on noncovalent, fluorous interactions and click chemistry that allows incorporation of biomolecules under physiological solutions. We demonstrate the method by immobilization of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) on fluorous thin films and fluorosilicone contact lens. The fluorous surfaces were dip-coated with fluorous-tagged oligo(ethylene) chain terminated with a reactive group, such as an alkynyl group. This simple step generates a “clickable” surface. The noncovalent fluorous interaction was strong enough to allow subsequent covalent attachment of IG-25, a truncated version of the most extensively studied human AMP LL-37. The attachment was through copper-catalyzed click reaction between the alkynyl group on the surface and the azido-OEG tag at the N-terminus of IG-25. In comparison to surfaces presenting IG-25 randomly bound via carbodiimide chemistry, the surfaces presenting IG-25 tethering to the surface at the N-terminus via...
Lateral subtalar dislocation: Review of the literature and case presentation

Lateral subtalar joint dislocations are rare injuries which are usually the result of a violent eversional force, driving the talar head medially and displacing the rest of the foot laterally. Associated fractures and obstruction to closed reduction are more common with lateral than medial dislocations. Avascular necrosis of the talus and navicular as well as subtalar instability may result from these injuries. Severe post-traumatic subtalar arthritis may warrant triple arthrodesis. Prompt closed reduction of lateral subtalar dislocation is recommended to avoid soft-tissue or neurovascular compromise. A short period of immobilization limits loss of subtalar range of motion. Open reduction may be required, particularly with entrapment of the posterior tibial tendon or obstructing fracture fragments. A case of lateral subtalar joint dislocation is presented.