cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muon depolarization by the spin density wave hyperfine fields of lead

Muon depolarization arising from hyperfine fields created by the twelve SDWs in Pb is studied. Since the SDW wave vectors,\(\vec Q_i \)={210}, are commensurate with the lattice, there are no hyperfine fields at the octahedral interstitial sites (where muons ordinarily reside). Instead, the SDWs have antinodes at the tetrahedral interstitial sites and generateμ+ hyperfine fields estimated to be ∼ 3000 G. Recent data show that the depolarization rate in Pb falls sharply towards zero at 35K (on account ofμ+ diffusion), but then slowly recovers to half its low temperature value near 200 K. Such recovery of the depolarization rate can be attributed to growth of the thermally activated occupation probability for muons at tetrahedral sites, where their spins undergo (motionally narrowed) transient precession caused by the static 3000 G fields. SDW depolarization can be distinguished from recovery caused by deep traps. A 10 G longitudinal field will quench the latter but not the former. Such an experiment could provide a crucial confirmation of the exotic magnetism of Pb.
Theoretical studies of large water clusters: (H2O)28, (H2O)29, (H2O)30, and (H2O)31 hexakaidecahedral structures

The 28, 29, 30, and 31 mer hexakaidecahedral water clusters were studied by applying the intermediate neglect of differential overlap self-consistent field restricted Hartree–Fock method (INDO SCF RHF) after parametrization for H and O atoms. The most stable 29 and 30 mer clusters have one and two water molecules, respectively within the cavity of the distorted hexakaidecahedral cage with stabilization energy/monomer values of around 10.9 and 11.0 kcal, respectively. The 31 mer cluster with three water molecules within the cavity is less stable than the isomer with two molecules within the cavity and the third one bonded outside of the cage by around 3 kcal/mol.
Variations of tropical upper tropospheric clouds with sea surface temperature and implications for radiative effects

[1] The variations of tropical upper tropospheric (UT) clouds with sea surface temperature (SST) are analyzed using effective cloud fraction from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on Aqua and ice water content (IWC) from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura. The analyses are limited to UT clouds above 300 hPa. Our analyses do not suggest a negative correlation of tropical-mean UT cloud fraction with the cloud-weighted SST (CWT). Instead, both tropical-mean UT cloud fraction and IWC are found to increase with CWT, although their correlations with CWT are rather weak. The rate of increase of UT cloud fraction with CWT is comparable to that of precipitation, while the UT IWC and ice water path (IWP) increase more strongly with CWT. The radiative effect of UT clouds is investigated, and they are shown to provide a net warming at the top of the atmosphere. An increase of IWP with SST yields an increase of net warming that corresponds to a positive feedback, until the UT IWP exceeds a value about 50% greater than presently observed by MLS. Further increases of the UT IWP would favor the shortwave cooling effect, causing a negative feedback. Sensitivities of UTcloud forcing to the uncertainties in UT CFR and IWC measurements are discussed.
Treatment of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum. A comparison of local segmental resection and left hemicolectomy.

• We report a retrospective study of 107 cases of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum treated for primary cure at the University of California at Los Angeles Hospital between 1955 and 1970. Excluded from this analysis were patients treated by abdominoperineal resection, local excision, fulguration, or abdominoperineal pull-through procedures. Ninety-one patients were treated by local segmental resection and 16 by left hemicolectomy. Both groups were similar in regard to patient age and general health, lesion size, location, and pathological Dukes' classification. Five-year survival was 70.3% after local segmental resection and 56.3% after left hemicolectomy. Hospital mortality was 1% after the former and 6.2% after the latter. Rate of recurrence after local segmental resection was 41% of that seen after left hemicolectomy, while complications were one-third as great. The present results after local segmental resection are comparable to the results reported in the literature when hemicolectomy was the procedure used. The data presented suggest that local segmental resection is an effective cancer operation for carcinoma of the sigmoid and upper rectum, and is fraught with a lesser morbidity and mortality than a radical left hemicolectomy. ( Arch Surg 112:920-923, 1977)
Singular values of fractional integral operators: A unification of theorems of Hille, Tamarkin, and Chang

Abstract We obtain upper bounds on the singular values of fractional integral operators of the form L α · = ∝ 0 x (x − y) x − 1 Γ(α) · dy under the constraint α > 0. These bounds are employed to extend various results obtained over the last half century on the rate of decrease of eigenvalues and singular values of much more general integral operators. Apart from one relatively difficult theorem of Hardy and Littlewood ( Math. Z. , 27 (1928), 565–606) the devices used are quite simple. They involve no complex variable arguments.
Historical perspective on fifteen years of laser damage thresholds at LLNL

We have completed a fifteen-year, referenced and documented compilation of more than 15,000 measurements of laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) conducted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These measurements cover the spectrum from 248 to 1064 nm with pulse durations ranging from < 1 ns to 65 nm and at pulse-repetition frequencies from single shots to 6.3 kHz. We emphasize the changes in LIDTs during the past two years since we last summarized our database. We relate these results to earlier data concentrating on improvements in processing methods, materials, and conditioning techniques. In particular, we highlight the current status of anti-reflective coatings, high reflectors, polarizers, and frequency-conversion crystals used primarily at 355 nm and 1064 nm.
Spectral Stability of Traveling Water Waves: Analytic Dependence of the Spectrum

The motion of the free surface of an ideal fluid under the effects of gravity and capillarity arises in a number of problems of practical interest (e.g. open-ocean pollutant transport, deep-sea oil platform design, and the generation and propagation of tsunamis), and, consequently, the reliable and accurate numerical simulation of these "water waves" is of central importance. In a pair of recent papers the author, in collaboration with F. Reitich (Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A, 461(2057): 1283-1309 (2005); Euro. J. Mech. B/Fluids, 25(4): 406-424 (2006)), has developed a new, efficient, stable and high-order Boundary Perturbation scheme (the method of Transformed Field Expansions) for the robust numerical simulation of traveling solutions of the water wave equations. In this paper we extend this Boundary Perturbation technique to address the equally important topic of dynamic stability of these traveling wave forms. More specifically, we describe, and provide the theoretical justification for, a new numerical algorithm to compute the spectrum of the linearized water-wave problem as a function of a parameter, e, meant to measure the amplitude of the traveling wave. In order to demonstrate the utility of this new method, we also present a sample calculation for two-dimensional waves in water of infinite depth subject to quite general two-dimensional perturbations.
NF-κB-inducing Kinase and IκB Kinase Participate in Human T-cell Leukemia Virus I Tax-mediated NF-κB Activation

The tax gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus I induces aberrant expression of various cellular genes, which contributes to transformation of host cells. Induction of many Tax target genes is mediated through transcription factor NF-κB. Here we show that Tax triggers activation of cellular protein kinases, IκB kinase α (IKKα) and IKKβ, which phosphorylate the NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα, resulting in its degradation and NF-κB activation. Constitutive IKK activation occurs in both Tax-transfected and human T-cell leukemia virus I-infected T cells. We further demonstrate that Tax-mediated NF-κB signaling also requires the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Consistently, inactive forms of either IKKs or NIK attenuate Tax-mediated NF-κB activation. Therefore, Tax activates NF-κB by targeting cellular signaling molecules, including both IKKs and NIK.
Professional Networks and Street-Level Performance: How Public School Teachers’ Advice Networks Influence Student Performance

Given the complexity of their work, street-level bureaucrats rely on their professional networks to access implementation resources and information. Despite the acknowledged importance of these networks, little research exists on how network structure and composition influence frontline performance. This study analyzes a unique data set that includes the professional networks of more than 420 teachers in 21 public schools along with 3 years of administrative data on student test scores and student demographics. Using value-added models derived from the student test data, objective measures of teacher performance were calculated. The results suggest that street-level performance is influenced by both network structure and composition. Thus, the actions of street-level workers are not independent responses to individual dilemmas, but rather are developed and shaped by specific features of the social structure in which the individual bureaucrat is embedded.
Using light to guide the self-sustained motion of active gels.

We undertake the first computational study to determine the effect of light on polymer gels undergoing the Belousov−Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The BZ gels are unique materials because they can undergo rhythmic mechanical oscillations in the absence of external stimuli. The BZ reaction, however, is photosensitive. Via simulations, we demonstrate that the interplay between the chemoresponsive gels and the photosensitive reac4tion can cause millimeter sized BZ gels to exhibit autonomous, directed motion or reorientation away from 4 the light. In effect, we show that these synthetic BZ “worms” display a fundamental biomimetic behavior: movement away from an adverse environmental condition, which in the context of the BZ reaction is the presence of light.
A Meta-Analysis Comparing the Sunk Cost Effect for IT and Non-IT Projects

Escalation is a serious management problem, and sunk costs are believed to be a key factor in promoting escalation behavior. While many laboratory experiments have been conducted to examine the effect of sunk costs on escalation, there has been no effort to examine these studies as a group in order to determine the effect size associated with the so-called "sunk cost effect." Using meta-analysis, we analyzed the results of 20 sunk cost experiments and found: 1 a large effect size associated with sunk costs, and 2 stronger effects in experiments involving information technology IT projects as opposed to non-IT projects. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.
Green's-function theory of the ferroelectric phase transition in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)

The method of the two-time Green's function is applied to the investigation of the ferroelectric phase transition in K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The zero-frequency difficulties are circumvented by means of the fermion Green's function. It is shown that the softening of the mixed mode and the onset of static long-range order take place at the same temperature.
Community complexity: Stratifying monitoring schemes within a desert sand dune landscape

Landscapes of desert sand dunes are sometimes viewed as biologically and ecologically homogeneous, yet they can be deceptively complex. We analysed temporal and spatial patterns of species occurrence across a desert dune landscape to clarify the utility of a priori community divisions and how those designations facilitate evaluations of whether conservation objectives are being met, and whether adaptive management approaches are necessary. There was a high degree of community concordance within each of the taxonomic groups considered here; where significant patterns in community structure for one taxonomic group occurred, they were paralleled by other taxa in the same areas. Community divisions were identified that provided population sources for species such as federally threatened Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizards, Uma inornata, and endangered Coachella Valley milkvetch, Astragalus lentiginosus var coachellae, while adjacent communities appeared to be population sinks. Despite similarities in appearance and species occurrences, the eolian sand community of the Coachella Valley is a complex matrix of subdivisions, each with different relative species abundances, and different local population responses to changing resources. This degree of demographic asynchrony may provide a level of protection from regional extinction events. Recognizing community subdivisions allows monitoring sampling frames to be stratified and analyses be focused on habitats with similar population drivers, responses and constraints, therefore reducing statistical variance and increasing the power to detect departures from predicted population trends.
Gender and the self-presentation of academic achievement.

Two experiments were conducted in which first-year male and female subjects (75% white; 25% minorities) at a highly selective liberal arts college predicted their first-semester grade point averages (GPAs). The first experiment varied whether predictions were given publicly or privately when an incentive for accuracy was either present or absent. Whereas the actual GPAs obtained by women did not differ from those obtained by men, women predicted that they would receive lower GPAs than men predicted, but only in the public condition. Whether incentive was present or absent did not affect predictions. The second experiment varied whether predictions were given publicly or privately as well as the perceived achievement of the experimenter. Once again, women's actual GPAs did not differ from men's. However, women predicted that they would receive lower GPAs than men predicted, but only when their estimates were given publicly to a low-ability experimenter. Although previous research has concluded that gender differences on performance estimates is attributable to a lack of confidence among women, these results suggest that the gender difference may be (at least partly) attributable to self-presentational style. It appears that women in this study adopted a modest self-presentational style that was motivated by attempts to protect the self-esteem of the experimenter.
Physicomechanical evaluation of absorbable and nonabsorbable barrier composite meshes for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair

This study aimed to compare the physicomechanical properties of composite prostheses for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) through standard testing and a proposed classification system. Seven prostheses (four with absorbable barriers and 3 with nonabsorbable barriers) were evaluated. The barrier layer was removed, after which the area of the interstices and the diameter of the filaments were determined. The barrier layer was left intact during thickness, density, suture retention strength, tear resistance, uniaxial tensile, and ball-burst testing. Specimens were oriented parallel or perpendicular to their longest dimension during testing. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s posttest or an unpaired, two-tailed t-test was performed to determine whether differences existed due to mesh or orientation, and a p value <0.05 was considered significant. Significant differences were observed between mesh types and due to the orientation of the mesh during testing. Of the absorbable barrier meshes, Bard Sepramesh IP Composite demonstrated the greatest suture retention and tear strengths, followed by C-QUR mesh. Of the permanent barrier meshes, DUALMESH demonstrated the greatest suture retention strength in the perpendicular direction, followed by Bard Composix E/X. DUALMESH and Bard Composix E/X demonstrated equivalent suture retention strength in the parallel direction and equivalent tear resistance in both testing directions. All meshes demonstrated tensile strengths greater than the physiologically relevant range of 16–32 N/cm. This study provided a basic understanding of how the structural aspects of each mesh design influence functionality. Differences between composite barrier prostheses commonly used for LVHR were observed due to barrier type, mesh type, and orientation. A set of standard testing techniques and a classification system also were presented to define fully the properties of these materials.
Occurrence of Nitrous Oxide in the Central High Plains Aquifer, 1999

Nitrogen-enriched groundwater has been proposed as an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), yet few measurements of N2O in large aquifer systems have been made. Concentrations of N2O in water samples collected from the 124 000 km2 central High Plains aquifer in 1999 ranged from < 1 to 940 nM, with a median concentration of 29 nM (n = 123). Eighty percent of the N2O concentrations exceeded the aqueous concentration expected from equilibration with atmospheric N2O. Measurements of N2O, NO3-, and 3H in unsaturated-zone sediments, recently recharged groundwater, and older groundwater indicate that concentrations of N2O in groundwater increased over time and will likely continue to increase in the future as N-enriched water recharges the aquifer. Large concentrations of O2 and NO3- and small concentrations of NH4+ and dissolved organic carbon in the aquifer indicate that N2O in the central High Plains aquifer was produced primarily by nitrification. Calculations indicate that the f...
Coupled-channel analysis of α-particle scattering from the 5.23 MeV unnatural parity state of 24Mg

Abstract A coupled-channel analysis of the inelastic scattering of 40–80 MeV α-particles from the 3 + 5.23 MeV state of 24 Mg, assuming a rotation-vibration nuclear structure model, successfully reproduced the trend on the angular distribution as a function of the bombarding energy.
Radiation dose reduction in CT of the pediatric pelvis.

PURPOSE: To determine whether a lower radiation dose technique can be used for computed tomography (CT) of the pediatric pelvis without significant loss of diagnostic image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six pediatric patients underwent CT at 80 mAs (experimental group), and 42 underwent CT at 240 mAs (control group). Anatomic details, image quality, and the degree of confidence in reaching a diagnosis were graded on a scale of 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). RESULTS: The difference in perceived image quality between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. The mean scores for scans evaluated by the first reader were 3.88 for the experimental group and 3.92 for the control group (P = .2804). The mean scores for the second reader were 3.78 and 3.77 for the experimental and control groups, respectively (P = .8131). CONCLUSION: A substantial dose reduction can be achieved if pelvic CT is performed at 80 mAs, without a recognizable deterioration of diagnostic image quality.
The immunoglobulins of carcharhine sharks a comparison of serological and biochemical properties

The immunoglobulins of three carcharhine sharks were isolated from serum by means of salt precipitation and gel chromatography. The Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis), the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvieri) each contained high molecular weight (18S) and low molecular weight (7S) IgM-like molecules as the major serum immunoglobulins. Both within and between species 18S and 7S immunoglobulins closely resemble each other in antigenic character, polypeptide chain composition, chain mass, amino acid composition, carbohydrate content and amino-terminal sequence. These results suggest that the immunoglobulins of carcharhine sharks have undergone little structural divergence during their evolution.
Growth of ultrathin layers of Au on LiNbO3(0 0 0 1) measured with atomic force microscopy

Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to characterize the growth of Au deposited via evaporation onto the positive face of single crystalline, lithium niobate, LiNbO 3 (0 0 0 1) surface. In order to study the mechanisms for the ordering and aggregation of a noble metal on this ferroelectric surface, topographic and phase contrast imaging of the fractional surface coverage of Au were performed. Atomically flat, uniformly poled LiNbO 3 surfaces were prepared via an ambient high temperature anneal and served as a support for the thin gold films. These gold atomic layers were grown using electron bombardment evaporation sources under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and subsequently characterized under both vacuum and ambient environments. Using AFM it was found that gold preferentially nucleates at the top of LiNbO 3 substrate step edges. With increased coverage, island formation proceeds due to local aggregation of adsorbed gold on each substrate terrace. Based on local imaging of the growth morphology, the data is discussed in terms of thin film growth mechanisms as well as the influence of native surface features such as defects and charge distribution. Understanding growth mechanisms for gold layers on ferroelectric surfaces allows for a fuller appreciation of how atomic deposition of metal atoms on patterned poled LiNbO 3 surfaces would occur as well as yielding greater insight on the atomic characteristics of metals on ferroelectric interfaces.
Global potential energy surfaces for the lowest 1A’, 3A‘, and 1A‘ states of HNO

We present global ab initio potential energy surfaces for the three lowest energy 1A’, 3A‘, and 1A‘ surfaces of HNO. These surfaces are the lowest three states of the HNO and HON molecules, and they correlate to the ground electronic states of H+NO and O+NH. In addition, the 3A‘ surface correlates to the ground state of N+OH. The surfaces are based on approximately 800 ab initio calculations that were done using an internally contracted multireference configuration interaction calculation with a large basis set. The ab initio points were fit to a combination of Morse and spline functions in each of the three possible Jacobi coordinates, and the resulting splines were smoothly switched together, and combined with other functions to yield globally defined potentials. Properties of the HNO and HON minima and dissociation energies on these potentials are in good agreement with previous high quality calculations. The N+OH and O+NH reactions are found to have no barriers to formation of HON or HNO, respectively...
Dynamic Surface Tension and Adhesion Detection for the Rapid Analysis of Surfactants in Flowing Aqueous Liquids

A multidimensional dynamic surface tension detector (DSTD) for flowing liquid samples is reported. The DSTD is based on measuring the pressure with time of a repeating drop formed by the flow of liquid out the end of a pointed stainless steel capillary. This pressure-based DSTD provides information on dynamic surface tension at the air−liquid interface and adhesion at the solid−liquid interface on the side of the pointed capillary tip for each drop of surfactant solution, resulting in rapid characterization of complex samples. The signal obtained with the pressure-based DSTD is characterized, and a method is developed for extraction of the desired analytical information from the pressure signal. The DSTD was calibrated with 2-propanol over the range of 0−0.30 in relative surface tension lowering, Δγ/γ. The experimentally obtained Δγ/γ was in agreement with a theoretical model and published data for Δγ/γ over this range. A data analysis method was developed to adapt the DSTD to applications such as liquid ...
Quantitation of cutaneous toxicity: An in vitro approach using skin organ culture

A short-term (48 hr) organ culture system for maintaining metabolically viable and structurally intact mouse skin has been developed. With the culture system, the responses of skin to in vitro physical and chemical insults were assessed by histologic examination and selected biochemical measurements in an attempt to establish a quantitative basis for the evaluation of cutaneous toxicity in vitro. In studies with mouse skin in organ culture following either freeze-thaw treatment (physical insult) or a single in vitro topical application of tributyltin chloride (10 to 1000 nmole/cm2), deleterious morphologic changes were observed. The degree of cellular injury was reflected by inhibition of in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine into epidermal DNA and protein, respectively; there also was leakage of intracellular enzymes into the culture medium in a dose and time related manner. These biochemical parameters are sensitive indicators of cellular injury; as such they may offer a simple, sensitive, and quantitative measure for assessing cutaneous toxicity of chemicals in vitro.
On practical resource allocation for production planning and scheduling with period overlapping setups

Abstract Capacity requirements planning is normally based on long-term demand forecasts and part type mix estimates. In the execution of a production plan, it must often be recognized that the capacity assumptions previously made are no longer valid. This is because the part type mix, the operator or machine availability, or the existence of additional resources has changed. This may lead to underload as well as to overload situations for particular time periods. This paper presents a mixed 0–1 model and outlines a practical algorithm to schedule the production quantities. Our aproach takes into account all information available on the shop-floor level, such as: machine availability over the planning horizon, unit processing times for the part types, minor setup times (i.e., machine setups required when changing part types that belong to the same family), major setup times (i.e., machine setups required when changing part types that belong to different families), storable and non-storable resource availability and consumption, part type demand over the planning horizon, and bounds on production rate and backlogging. Furthermore, the model accounts correctly for costs corresponding to period overlapping setups. Also, the application of the model in some case studies is reported.
Cameralist thought and public administration

Cameralism, as a set if ideas, refers to a system of “sciences” whose professors, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, recorded and attempted to extend and improve administrative practices to serve the absolutist monarchs of Germany and Austria. This article examines some of the major themes of cameralist political and social thought. Particular attention is paid here to cameralist writings about the nature of the state, the value of science, and the power of the executive. It is concluded here that the cameralists sounded themes that continue to resonate in much of modern American public administration, but that these themes may not be as relevant to a constitutional republic as they were to the absolutist regimes of Germany and Austria.
Application of Temperature and Electrical-Conductivity Logging in Ground Water Monitoring

Down-hole temperature and electrical-conductivity probes are attractive logging devices for use in monitoring wells, because they are readily available, relatively inexpensive, and allow for rapid measurements. Benefits of such logging are illustrated by examples from several small sites in complex hydrogeologic settings. Interpretation of the logs provided information on the effectiveness of well purging, aquifer heterogeneities and the rates of ground water movement, leaks and cross-flows within wells, and locations of transmissive fractures in bedrock wells. Thus the logs offered an inexpensive means of acquiring valuable field information to supplement the geologic, potentiometric and chemical data collected during construction or subsequent investigation of the wells.
White matter abnormalities and neurocognitive correlates in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Diffusion tensor imaging was used to evaluate cerebral white matter in eight patients (ages 10-17), with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (3 congenital-onset, 5 juvenile-onset) compared to eight controls matched for age and sex. Four regions of interest were examined: inferior frontal, superior frontal, supracallosal, and occipital. The myotonic dystrophy group showed white matter abnormalities compared to controls in all regions. All indices of white matter integrity were abnormal: fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. With no evidence of regional variation, correlations between whole cerebrum white matter fractional anisotropy and neurocognitive functioning were examined in the patients. Strong correlations were observed between whole cerebrum fractional anisotropy and full-scale intelligence and a measure of executive functioning. Results indicate that significant white matter abnormality is characteristic of young patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and that the white matter abnormality seen with neuroimaging has implications for cognitive functioning.
Method for Borel-summing instanton singularities: Introduction

The problem of Borel-summing the perturbation series of field theories possessing instanton solutions to the Euclidean equations of motion is studied. Such theories have a singularity on the positive real axis of the Borel plane along which the Borel integration is performed. A direct functional expression for the Borel transform of a functional integral is given, which yields a prescription for integration over such singular points. The problem of "double counting" perturbation expansions about multiple solutions to the Euclidean equations of motion is solved. In this first of two papers the method is introduced and applied to a trivial integral possessing an instanton. Also Borel singularities of nontrivial functional integrals not possessing instantons are found and compared to familiar large-order calculations.
Correlates of success following treatment for adolescent substance abuse.

Abstract To date, little research is available examining the course and features of recovery from substance abuse following adolescent treatment. The current study evaluated the functioning of 142 teens for 2 years following treatment for substance abuse. Adolescent drug and alcohol outcome was examined in relation to functioning on five major life domains: academic involvement, interpersonal problems, emotional well-being, family relations, and social and occupational activities. Results of this investigation demonstrate that psychosocial functioning is associated with adolescent posttreatment drug and alcohol use. Teens who were abstinent and those with less substance use involvement generally displayed better functioning. The relationship between teen alcohol and drug use and improvement in functioning varied across psychosocial domains. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed along with advances in teen substance abuse research and treatment.
A New Learning Commons Connection with Art Students and Their Faculty

Many learning commons environments espouse goals of being student centered and facilitating academic achievement, often by way of partnerships with others. We have been fortunate in the learning commons of Syracuse University to have had a successful and satisfying collaboration with art faculty that has benefitted all players and allowed us to operationalize our own stated goals of being student driven. Our unique art program provided meaningful and real-life experiences for students, expanded the teaching moments for their faculty, and generated a host of interesting learning experiences for library staff and managers. It also added beauty and intrigue to an environment traveled and used by many.
Abstract 1324: Unraveling novel functions of the oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis employing a transgenic mouse model

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL In vitro tissue culture and nude mice xenograft models have firmly established the role of Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) as a positive regulator of tumorigenesis, including hepatocarcinogenesis. To better appreciate the role of AEG-1 in hepatocarcinogenesis and to dissect the underlying molecular mechanism, we have created a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific expression of AEG-1 (Alb/AEG1). Wild-type (WT) and Alb/AEG-1 mice were challenged with a hepatocarcinogen, N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), at 2 weeks of age. At 28 weeks of age, Alb/AEG-1 mice, but not WT mice, developed multinodular HCC with steatotic features and highly elevated serum liver enzymes. Affymetrix microarray analyses identified modulation of expression of genes associated with invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and fatty acid synthesis in DEN-treated Alb/AEG-1 mice versus their WT counterparts. Hepatocytes isolated from Alb/AEG-1 mice demonstrated profound chemoresistance and dramatically evaded reduction in cell viability upon growth factor deprivation, which was associated with activation of multiple pro-survival signaling pathways. Compared to the WT hepatocytes, Alb/AEG-1 hepatocytes demonstrated marked resistance towards senescence, which was associated with abrogation of activation of a DNA damage response. Conditioned media (CM) from Alb/AEG-1 hepatocytes, but not form WT hepatocytes, induced marked angiogenesis. Mass spectrometric analysis of CM revealed noticeable increases in coagulation factors by AEG-1, which are known to play a significant role in regulating tumor invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of coagulation factor XII resulted in profound inhibition of AEG-1-induced angiogenesis. Our studies reveal novel aspects of AEG-1 functions, such as induction of steatosis, inhibition of senescence, a known anti-cancer mechanism, and activation of coagulation pathway to augment an aggressive hepatocarcinogenic phenotype. The Alb/AEG-1 mouse will be a useful model to decipher AEG-1 function in the context of hepatocarcinogenesis and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies directed towards HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1324. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1324
Brown Adipose Tissue Has Sympathetic-Sensory Feedback Circuits

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important source of thermogenesis which is nearly exclusively dependent on its sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation. We previously demonstrated the SNS outflow from brain to BAT using the retrograde SNS-specific transneuronal viral tract tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV152) and demonstrated the sensory system (SS) inflow from BAT to brain using the anterograde SS-specific transneuronal viral tract tracer, H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1. Several brain areas were part of both the SNS outflow to, and receive SS inflow from, interscapular BAT (IBAT) in these separate studies suggesting SNS–SS feedback loops. Therefore, we tested whether individual neurons participated in SNS–SS crosstalk by injecting both PRV152 and H129 into IBAT of Siberian hamsters. To define which dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are activated by BAT SNS stimulation, indicated by c-Fos immunoreactivity (IR), we prelabeled IBAT DRG innervating neurons by injecting the retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) followed 1 week later by intra-BAT injections of the specific β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316,243 in one pad and the vehicle in the contralateral pad. There were PRV152+H129 dually infected neurons across the neuroaxis with highest densities in the raphe pallidus nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and medial preoptic area, sites strongly implicated in the control of BAT thermogenesis. CL316,243 significantly increased IBAT temperature, afferent nerve activity, and c-Fos-IR in C2–C4 DRG neurons ipsilateral to the CL316,243 injections versus the contralateral side. The neuroanatomical reality of the SNS–SS feedback loops suggests coordinated and/or multiple redundant control of BAT thermogenesis.
Diamonds and carbon isotopes

Diamond crystals may contain useful geochemical evidence of the deep portions of the upper mantle in their carbon isotopes. Two recent studies of types I and II diamonds showed that variations in δ13C may be related to carbon reservoir sources in the mantle (Nature, 303, 791–792, and 793–795, 1983). In the case of type II diamonds, it was noted that there is a strong—although not total— correlation with eclogitic suites. Type II diamonds are low in nitrogen content, which would be consistent with aluminum in their eclogitic inclusions having acted as a nitrogen getter. The range in δ13C values was −0.5 to −31.9‰, which actually is broad enough to include the variations of all known diamonds. With regard to individual crystals, however, it was confirmed that, on average, type II diamonds are isotopically lighter than type I. It is suggested that type II diamonds are a sampling of an open carbon isotope reservoir, with minimal evidence of fractionation. The variability may reflect the influences of recycled crustal material that reacted in the mantle.
Eruptive and geomorphic processes at the Lathrop Wells scoria cone volcano

Abstract The ∼ 80 ka Lathrop Wells volcano (southern Nevada, U.S.A.) preserves evidence for a range of explosive processes and emplacement mechanisms of pyroclastic deposits and lava fields in a small-volume basaltic center. Early cone building by Strombolian bursts was accompanied by development of a fan-like lava field reaching ∼ 800 m distance from the cone, built upon a gently sloping surface. Lava flows carried rafts of cone deposits, which provide indirect evidence for cone facies in lieu of direct exposures in the active quarry. Subsequent activity was of a violent Strombolian nature, with many episodes of sustained eruption columns up to a few km in height. These deposited layers of scoria lapilli and ash in different directions depending upon wind direction at the time of a given episode, reaching up to ∼ 20 km from the vent, and also produced the bulk of the scoria cone. Lava effusion migrated from south to north around the eastern base of the cone as accumulation of lavas successively reversed the topography at the base of the cone. Late lavas were emplaced during violent Strombolian activity and continued for some time after explosive eruptions had waned. Volumes of the eruptive products are: fallout — 0.07 km3, scoria cone — 0.02 km3, and lavas — 0.03 km3. Shallow-derived xenolith concentrations suggest an upper bound on average conduit diameter of ∼ 21 m in the uppermost 335 m beneath the volcano. The volcano was constructed over a period of at least seven months with cone building occurring only during part of that time, based upon analogy with historical eruptions. Post-eruptive geomorphic evolution varied for the three main surface types that were produced by volcanic activity: (1) scoria cone, (2) low relief surfaces (including lavas) with abundant pyroclastic material, and (3) lavas with little pyroclastic material. The role of these different initial textures must be accounted for in estimating relative ages of volcanic surfaces, and failure to account for this resulted in previous erroneous interpretation that the volcano's activity was polycyclic (eruptions separated by 1000s–10,000s of years). Lathrop Wells volcano provides an example of the wide range of eruptive processes that can occur with little change in major element composition; the variation in explosive and effusive processes, including their simultaneous occurrence, must result entirely from fluid dynamic, crystallization, and degassing processes in the ascending multiphase magma. The volcano also provides key analog information regarding processes that are important for volcanic risk assessment at the proposed Yucca Mountain radioactive waste repository, ∼ 18 km north of the volcano.
Does swimming increase the risk of catheter-related infections in children with cancer? 731

Does swimming increase the risk of catheter-related infections in children with cancer? 731
The Preparation of Some Amides of Dichloroacetaldehyde

The amides of dichloroacetaldehyde were synthesized and their physical and chemical constants were determined. None of the compounds showed any appreciable hypnoticor analgetic activity. Two of the compounds, the isovaleramide and 2-ethylbutyramide derivatives showed some anticonvulsant activity.
Taxonomy of the genus Aspasia Lindley (Orchidaceae: Oncidieae)

The genusAspasia (Orchidaceae: Oncidieae) consists of five species of epiphytic orchids of Central and South America. The genus is compared with closely related genera of the tribe Oncidieae.Aspasia epidendroides is found in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and western Panama.Aspasia principissa is found in central and eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia.Aspasia psittacina is endemic to western Ecuador.Aspasia variegata is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, and Brazil.Aspasia lunata is known only from Brazil.
Stochastic Dynamics of El Nino-Southern Oscillation*

A stochastically forced nonlinear dynamic model for El Nino-Southern Oscillation is advanced to explore the nature of the highly irregular ENSO cycle. The model physics includes nonlinear dynamics of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, high-frequency stochastic forcing, and the annual forcing of a prescribed climato- logical basic state. The model irregular ENSO-like oscillation arises from three different origins: stochastic resonance, coupled nonlinear instability, and stochastic transition. When the basic state is stable, the stochastic forcing excites irregular oscillations by stochastic resonance. When the system is unstable and the coupled dynamics sustains a nonlinear oscillation (stable limit cycle), the stochastic forcing perturbs the deterministic trajectory of the limit cycle in the phase space, generating irregularities and modifying the oscillation period. When the system possesses multiequilibrium states, the stochastic forcing may render the system oscillatory by randomly switching the system between a warm and a cold stable steady state. The stochastic response depends not only on the nonlinear dynamic regimes of the ENSO system but also on the temporal structure (spectrum) and strength of the stochastic forcing. White and red noises are shown to be much more effective than band-limited white noises in stochastic resonance and in altering the characteristics of the nonlinear oscillation. The intraseasonal noise can alter the dominant period of intrinsic nonlinear oscillation, favoring biennial oscillation, especially when the intraseasonal forcing is modulated by the monsoon (annual) cycle. Stronger forcing yields an enhanced resonant oscillation with a prolonged period. A sufficiently strong white noise forcing, however, can destroy the nonlinear or resonant oscillation, leading to a Markovian process. The basic-state annual variation tends to enhance the resonant oscillation but reduces the oscillation period considerably in the marginally stable regime. The model results suggest that ENSO may arise from multimechanisms. The different mechanisms may be at work in various phases of the ENSO evolution, depending on the basic state and the nonlinear dynamics of the system. The monsoon may affect ENSO through modulation of intraseasonal stochastic forcing, enhancing the biennial component of ENSO.
Functional groups of rare plants differ in levels of imperilment

Comparative examination of a large sample of plant species can reveal important aspects of life history that infl uence the ecology and distribution of taxa and their vulnerability to local extinction. We investigated whether functional groups of 71 rare plant species with contrasting life history traits differed in terms of population losses over time, regional range contraction, and rangewide levels of imperilment. Using town-level occurrence data from herbaria and Natural Heritage Program databases, we characterized species ’ extents of occurrence as α -hulls encompassing the centroids of New England towns that contained well-documented populations of these rare taxa. Family affi liation was used as a covariate in analyses to reduce phylogenetic bias. Disparate functional groups of plants differed both in proportions of populations lost and declines in range areas over time, with insect-pollinated taxa, upland (vs. wetland) taxa, species with localized seed dispersal modes, and taxa reaching their northern range boundary in New England signifi cantly more imperiled than other functional groups. These techniques permit a broad comparative assessment of the distribution of large numbers of plant taxa, so that we can identify several functional groups that warrant more concerted conservation attention.
Comparison study of the performance of the QIAGEN EGFR RGQ and EGFR pyro assays for mutation analysis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: To compare 2 laboratory assays commonly used in the evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Fifty-three formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens were selected. Extracted DNA was analyzed using the EGFR RGQ Amplification Refractory Mutation System Scorpions probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and the EGFR Pyro pyrosequencing assay. Results: Fourteen EGFR mutations were identified in 13 specimens using at least 1 of the assays, with a mutation concordance rate of 92.9%. Using dideoxy sequencing as the gold standard, clinical sensitivity was 73.7% and 68.4% by the RGQ and Pyro assays, respectively, but 100% by both for common drug sensitivity mutations. Performance observations included the following: the RGQ system requires higher DNA input, the RGQ system is a single-step procedure, the EGFR Pyro assay is a 2-step procedure, only the RGQ system can identify exon 20 insertions, the RGQ system is more sensitive, and the Pyro system can specify exact mutations for all interrogated sites. Conclusions: Both the RGQ real-time PCR and Pyro assays adequately detect common EGFR mutations; however, the RGQ system is more clinically and analytically sensitive. Performance characteristics should be considered when evaluating these EGFR mutation assays for clinical adoption.