cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Responsiveness of Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Gene Expression to Glucoprivation in Different Catecholamine Cell Groups

Hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons are key participants in systemic glucoregulation. However, the specific subpopulations critical for glucoregulatory function have not been fully identified. Here we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate effects of glucoprivation on expression of the gene for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme, dopamine--hydroxylase (DBH), to further localize the critical cell populations. Glucoprivation induced by the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) (250 mg/kg) increased total DBH mRNA expression in caudal ventrolateral medullary cell groups (namely A1, the A1/C1 overlap, and the middle portion of C1) from six to 49 times control levels. In retrofacial C1, no enhancement was observed. In the dorsomedial medulla, hybridization signal was modestly increased (tripled) in A2 but was not increased in the area postrema. Previous microinjection of the retrogradely transported catecholamine immunotoxin (anti-DBH-saporin, or DSAP) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus reduced the number of DBH-immunoreactive cells in cell groups known to project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus as well as reducing the 2DG-stimulated increases in total DBH mRNA expression in the caudal ventrolateral medulla and A2. The strong enhancement of DBH gene expression by glucoprivation is consistent with the demonstrated importance of catecholaminergic neurons for glucoregulation. The differential sensitivity of these neurons to glucoprivation is evidence of functional specialization within the total population. The pattern of 2DG-induced gene expression indicates that the ventrolateral medulla contains the vast majority of catecholamine neurons responsive to glucoprivation. (Endocrinology 147: 3428–3434, 2006)
War and the family

Although war can impose powerful stresses on family relationships and functions, and its horrors have been described since Euripides wrote The Trojan Women, the subject has received little scientific study. The American Civil War had significant effects on the family and increasing industrialization further disrupted family ties and transformed women's roles. Twentieth-century wars have had both immediate and delayed effects on the family, ranging from anxiety and grief about losses and separations to increased antisocial behavior and juvenile delinquency. Subsequent problems stem from readjustments to civilian life, high divorce rates and women assuming more powerful roles in the family and society. Analysis of a random sample of child guidance clinic records 1923-1983 revealed an increase in children's academic problems and aggressive behaviors during and after World War II. Increases in anxiety and obsessive and aggressive behaviors were evident following the Vietnam conflict along with the adverse effects of post traumatic stress disorder on family life. Although US participation in the Gulf War was limited, disruptive effects were seen in the children of affected military families, and for Iraqi children the consequences were devastating. War generally accelerates dormant changes in family life not yet fully apparent or appreciated
Web accessibility snapshot: an effort to reveal coding guidelines conformance

In the last decades, the Web has grown from dozens of webpages to the current 13.5 billion pages. This growth was not followed by a major conformance to markup coding guidelines. This impacts negatively the access of people with disabilities to the vast socio-economic-cultural transformations the Web engenders. For example, a form field without the proper label markup is an accessibility barrier for blind users. In this context, this work presents a study involving the Alexa.com's top 1,000 popular websites and a sample of random 1,000 websites to verify and contrast the conformance of these disjoint sets with the accessibility markup guidelines. The initiative proposed in this paper is the first iteration of the Web Accessibility Snapshot (WAS) project, which will from now on present regular updates on the numbers regarding the status of Web accessibility. With the presented results, one expects to support accessibility professionals, researchers, and practitioners by providing up-to-date information. Beyond that, we expect governments and other accessibility governance agency to consider the provided information when designing programs for fostering and enforcing the conformance to existing accessibility regulations and laws accordingly.
Comparative mapping in F2:3 and F6:7 generations of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and yield components in maize

This study was conducted to compare maize quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection for grain yield and yield components in F2∶3 and F6∶7 recombinant inbred (RI) lines from the same population. One hundred and eighty-six F6∶7 RIs from a Mo17×H99 population were grown in a replicated field experiment and analyzed at 101 loci detected by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Single-factor analysis of variance was conducted for each locus-trait combination to identify QTL. For grain yield, 6 QTL were detected accounting for 22% of the phenotypic variation. A total of 63 QTL were identified for the seven grain yield components with alleles from both parents contributing to increased trait values. Several genetic regions were associated with more than one trait, indicating possible linked and/or pleiotropic effects. In a comparison with 150 F2∶3 lines from the same population, the same genetic regions and parental effects were detected across generations despite being evaluated under diverse environmental conditions. Some of the QTL detected in the F2∶3 seem to be dissected into multiple, linked QTL in the F6∶7 generation, indicating better genetic resolution for QTL detection with RIs. Also, genetic effects at QTL are smaller in the F6∶7 generation for all traits.
An analytic model for threshold voltage shift due to quantum confinement in surrounding gate MOSFETs with anisotropic effective mass

Threshold voltage shift due to quantum confinement in surrounding gate MOSFETs with anisotropic effective mass is calculated from the solution of 2D Schrodinger equation in elliptic coordinates. The solutions are of the Mathieu function type. It is shown that for some intermediate range of radius in silicon, several subbands need be taken into account to obtain accurate threshold voltage shifts. However, for small radius, only the lowest subband need be considered, and even anisotropic effective mass can be replaced by reduced isotropic effective mass, for which Bessel function is sufficient.
STUDIES ON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION FOLLOWING IONIZING RADIATION : II. ITS ESTIMATION BY ORAL INOCULATION AT DIFFERENT TIMES POST IRRADIATION

Mice were inoculated by mouth at different times (2 hours, 5 days, and 11 days) after a single exposure to 550 r total body x-irradiation. The inocula contained approximately 107 Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was found to be quite harmless for unirradiated mice. Comparison of the cumulative mortality curves and of the incidence of Pseudomonas bacteremia showed their susceptibility to infection by this route to be greatest on the 11th day, somewhat less on the 5th day post irradiation, and least of all directly after irradiation. Since damage to the intestinal mucosa has been found to be maximal within the first few hours after exposure to doses of x-irradiation in this range, it seems reasonable to conclude that the increased susceptibility is not due to increased permeability of the mucosa of the gut, but to impairment of the animal's natural defenses against infection.
A utility theory based robot selection and evaluation for electronics assembly

Abstract As the number of robots in the market and their implementations increase, it becomes more difficult to find which robot is the most suitable for a particular application. Today, electronics assembly is one of the areas where robots are highly used. This is because of the advantages which robots offer in complex tasks of electronic assembly. In this paper a decision making algorithm which uses utility theory was developed for the selection and evaluation of robots for electronics assembly.
Informational content, literacy demands, and usability of websites offering health-related genetic tests directly to consumers.

Purpose: As direct-to-consumer genetic testing becomes more available, a diverse group of consumers, including those with limited health literacy, may consider testing. In light of concerns raised about direct-to-consumer genetic testing, this study sought to critically examine whether the informational content, literacy demands, and usability of health-related direct-to-consumer websites met existing recommendations. Methods: A content analysis was performed on 29 health-related direct-to-consumer websites. Two coders independently evaluated each website for informational content (e.g., benefits, limitations), literacy demands (e.g., reading level), and usability (e.g., ease of navigation). Results: Most sites presented health conditions and some markers for which they tested, benefits of testing, a description of the testing process, and their privacy policy. Fewer cited scientific literature, explained test limitations, or provided an opportunity to consult a health professional. Key informational content was difficult to locate on most sites. Few sites gave sample disease risk estimates or used common language and explained technical terms consistently. Average reading level was grade 15. Conclusion: The quality of informational content, literacy demands, and usability across health-related direct-to-consumer websites varied widely. Many users would struggle to find and understand the important information. For consumers to better understand the content on these sites and evaluate the meaning of the tests for their health, sites should lower the demands placed on users by distilling and prioritizing the key informational content while simultaneously attending to the reading level and usability elements. In the absence of regulation compelling such changes, government agencies or professional organizations may need to increase consumer and provider awareness of these issues.
On asymptotic differentiability of averages

This paper proves an asymptotic expansion useful in the construction of estimates with a prescribed influence function in parametric and semiparametric models.
Encrypted phrase searching in the cloud

As cloud computing is increasing in popularity, it is difficult to both maintain privacy in datasets while still providing adequate retrieval and searching procedures. This paper introduces a novel approach in the field of encrypted searching that allows both encrypted phrase searches and proximity ranked multi-keyword searches to encrypted datasets on untrusted cloud. By storing encrypted keyword-location data along with specially truncated encrypted keyword indexes in a relational database, we are able to allow for a full range of search features in our encrypted searches, something that has never been accomplished before. Furthermore, our approach permits the encrypted corpus and index to both be stored on cloud data servers. We modify currently available open-source search engine software to complete a prototype and provide results from experiments on a large scale real-world dataset that has more than half a million documents.
Rejection of allogeneic tumor cells growing in mouse cerebrospinal fluid. Functional analysis of the inflammatory process.

Mice injected intracerebrally (i.c.) with mastocytoma cells reject the tumor, which grows rapidly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), within 7 or 8 days. The characteristics of the inflammatory exudate have been examined by several different, functional criteria. Potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte populations are readily demonstrated in CSF, and both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells capable of mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are also present. However, no tumor-specific antibody was detected in CSF of mice that had recently rejected the tumor, using sensitive complement-dependent and lymphocyte-dependent cytotoxic assay systems. The process of cell-mediated tumor rejection does not obviously compromise the blood-CSF barrier to immunoglobulins.
Electrophoretic patterns of normal human serums by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel

Abstract The zonal fractionation of serum proteins by the disc electrophoresis technique in polyacrylamide gel reproducibly resolves 200 μg of serum proteins into 20 to 30 discrete bands. Gel patterns were made of 200 normal adult human serums, as the first phase of a study of the use of this technique for the detection of genetic variants of proteins and for the diagnostic significance of qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein gel patterns. The serums could readily be characterized by haptoglobin type and the serums of each group had many qualitative features in common, with quantitative differences.
Obesity Promotes Inflammation in Periaortic Adipose Tissue and Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation

Objective— Obesity promotes macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and is associated with increases in several cardiovascular diseases. Infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) to mice induces formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) with profound medial and adventitial macrophage infiltration. We sought to determine whether obesity promotes macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in periaortic adipose tissue surrounding abdominal aortas and increases AngII-induced AAAs. Methods and Results— Hypertrophied white adipocytes surrounded abdominal aortas, whereas brown adipocytes surrounded thoracic aortas of obese mice. mRNA abundance of macrophage proinflammatory chemokines and their receptors were elevated with obesity to a greater extent in abdominal compared to thoracic periaortic adipose tissue. Periaortic adipose tissue explants surrounding abdominal aortas of obese mice released greater concentrations of MCP-1 and promoted more macrophage migration than explants from thoracic aortas....
Inverse design of urban procedural models

We propose a framework that enables adding intuitive high level control to an existing urban procedural model. In particular, we provide a mechanism to interactively edit urban models, a task which is important to stakeholders in gaming, urban planning, mapping, and navigation services. Procedural modeling allows a quick creation of large complex 3D models, but controlling the output is a well-known open problem. Thus, while forward procedural modeling has thrived, in this paper we add to the arsenal an inverse modeling tool. Users, unaware of the rules of the underlying urban procedural model, can alternatively specify arbitrary target indicators to control the modeling process. The system itself will discover how to alter the parameters of the urban procedural model so as to produce the desired 3D output. We label this process inverse design.
921-71 Transcatheter Coil Embolization of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistulae

We describe our experience with nonsurgical closure of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) using a transcatheter approach and Gianturco coils. Since 7/92 6 patients (pts) age 9 to 22 years (mean = 14.5) were referred for evaluation and treatment of CAF. Two were symptomatic with chest pain and a third had dyspnea on exertion. Catheterization was performed from the femoral region using IV sedation in 5, and general anesthesia in 1. Selective coronary angiograms were performed in all pts followed by hand or power injections within the fistulas themselves. Angled views were employed to detail fistula anatomy as well as to visualize coronary artery branches. Catheters were manipulated into each fistula from a retrograde aortic approach. Temporary balloon occlusion of the fistula with EKG monitoring was performed in 5. Coils were placed through an end hole catheter positioned distally within the fistula. Each pt had asingle fistula. Two CAF arose from the LAD: 1drained into the RV and 1 into the RA. One CAF arose from the circumflex artery and drained into the RV. Three CAF arose from the RCA: 2 drained into the RA and 1 into the RV. Temporary balloon occlusion in one pt resulted in significant ST segment changes and aided in the identification of the origin of the posterior descending artery adjacent to the fistulous connection to the RV. Coil embolization was not attempted in this pt. The remaining 5 pts underwent successful complete occlusion of the CAF using multiple (2 to 16) Gianturco coils. There were 2 coil embolizations to the pulmonary artery with successful retrieval of 1. At follow-up (1-15 months, mean = 11) all pts are asymptomatic with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of recanalization or residual shunts. Transcatheter closure is the preferred method to safely and effectively close most CAF.
Adaptive control of continuous time stochastic systems

Some problems and solutions of adaptive control problems for continuous time stochastic systems are described. A solution is given to the adaptive linear quadratic Gaussian control problem under the natural assumptions of controllability and observability. The effects of sampling and numerical differentiation on a least-squares estimation algorithm are described. Adaptive control problems for non-linear stochastic systems and linear stochastic distributed parameter systems are briefly described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐field assessment of display resolution and noise: Performance evaluation of a commercial measurement system

— Two key metrics of image quality for high-fidelity displays, including medical displays, are resolution and noise. Until now, these properties have been primarily measured in laboratory settings. For the first time, a system consisting of a CCD camera and analysis software has been made commercially available for measuring the resolution and noise of medical displays in a clinical setting. This study aimed at evaluating this new product in terms of accuracy and precision. In particular, the project involved the measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of two medical imaging displays, one cathode-ray tube (CRT) display and one liquid-crystal display (LCD) using this camera/software system. To assess the system's precision, measurements were made multiple times at the same setting. To check for accuracy, the results were compared with published values of the MTF and noise for the same displays. The performance of the system was also ascertained as a function of the focus setting of the camera. The results indicated that for the LCD, when the camera is focused within ±0.6 mm of the optimum focus setting, the MTF values lie within approximately 14% of the best focus MTF at the Nyquist frequency and 11% of the optimum overall sharpness (∫ MTF2 df). Similar results were obtained in the horizontal and vertical directions. For the CRT, this focus produced vertical and horizontal MTF values at the Nyquist frequency within 15.2% and 61.2% of the optimum focus MTF, respectively. The figures in terms of overall sharpness were 3.0% and 0.7%. The results for the noise measurements showed a repeatability of 3% for the LCD and 13% for the CRT and a relative (but not absolute) magnitude of the noise between the two displays reflective of prior measurements. Overall, the measurement system yielded reasonably precise resolution and noise results for both display devices. The accuracy was traceable to published results only for the MTF and for relative level of display noise with differences in the absolute magnitude of noise between current and prior measurements attributed to variations in the non-standard techniques applied for display noise measurements.
Pay Meaning, Satisfaction and Size of a Meaningful Pay Increase

Individual variation in the size of a meaningful pay increase is examined from four competing perspectives: (a) based on psychophysical laws relating stimulus change to initial stimulus level, (b) based on equitable treatment, (c) based on the symbolic role of money, and (d) based on individual pay/job dissatisfaction and perceived increases needed to reestablish equilibrium. Results for 77 business school alumni providing self-report data on salary histories, pay meaning, and satisfaction suggest that all but a psychophysical explanation play significant roles in determining the size of a meaningful pay increase.
Image segmentation based on composite random field models

The problem of region segmentation is examined and a new algorithm for maximum a posteriori (MAP) segmentation is introduced. The observed image is modeled as a composite of two processes: a high-level process that describes the various regions in the images and a low-level process that describes each particular region. A Gibbs-Markov random field model is used to describe the high-level process and a simultaneous autoregressive random field model is used to describe the low-level process. The MAP segmentation algorithm is formulated from the two models and a recursive implementation forthe algorithm is presented. Results of the algorithm on various synthetic and natural textures clearly indicate the effectiveness of the approach to texture segmentation.
Down-regulation in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis during hibernation in the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis: IGF-I and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs).

The golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis, undergoes a profound winter hibernation that represents, among other changes, a prolonged period of starvation. In addition to dramatic metabolic and other physiological adaptations during hibernation which serve to reduce fuel energy expenditure, we have hypothesized that there may also be significant changes in the endocrine axis that regulates energetically-expensive somatic growth. As compared with euthermic, non-hibernating controls, hibernating S. lateralis were found to have 75%-reduced serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; from approximately 625 to approximately 150 ng/ml in both females and males, P < 0.05). While IGFBP-3 was the predominant IGFBP in serum of the euthermic controls, its levels were reduced to a similar degree in serum from the hibernating animals. IGFBP-4 was present at relatively low levels in the euthermic controls, and was reduced to undetectable levels in hibernating animals. Surprisingly, there was no IGFBP detectable in the 30 kDa range in either euthermic or hibernating S. lateralis, suggesting that IGFBP-1 does not play a role in hibernation-related changes in the IGF axis. In accordance with these endocrine changes, when serum from hibernating S. lateralis was added to cartilage explant cultures (at a 5% v/v concentration), it exhibited no ability to alter (35)S-proteoglycan synthetic rate, whereas serum from the euthermic squirrels significantly stimulated synthetic activity by 2-fold. These results suggest that part of hibernation adaptation in S. lateralis includes down-regulation in the growth-regulatory IGF axis. J. Exp. Zool. 289:66-73, 2001.
HPLC Measurement of Cyclosporine in Blood Plasma and Urine and Simultaneous Measurement of its Four Metabolites in Blood

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed for the estimation of cyclosporine and its four major metabolites in blood and for cyclosporine alone in plasma and urine samples. This assay employs a rapid and very reproducible solid-liquid extraction system. Isocratic chromatographic conditions allow the simultaneous measurement of cyclosporine and its four major metabolites in blood. The method is linear up to 2500 ng/ml and the minimum quantifiable limit for cyclosporine is 30 ng/ml, when 1 ml of sample is analyzed.
The HTML decision-making report: Preparing students for the information age workforce

Abstract The online writing environment offers a variety of innovative options for teachers of technical writing and composition. This is especially true in technical writing classrooms in which we prepare students for the writing they will do in the workplace. In this article we discuss how one specific genre of technical writing, the feasibility report, can be transformed by the online environment. As part of our discussion we describe how the online environment changes the nature of such documents, and we explain how collaborative student groups respond to the challenges and opportunities provided by the online environment.
Do grades contaminate student evaluations of instruction

The correlation between grades and student satisfaction has been interpreted as providing support for belief in a grading leniency bias hypothesis. That is, easy graders are assumed to receive better evaluations than hard gradersbecause they are easy graders. Howard and Maxwell have demonstrated that the relationship between grades and satisfaction might be viewed as an expected result of important causal relationships of other variables (student motivation and progress in the course) with satisfaction and grades, rather than simply evidence of contamination due to grading leniency. Eighty-three students in a research methodology course provided data at two points in a semester. Cross-lagged panel correlation analysis was employed to ascertain the direction of casuality in the relationship between student satisfaction and grades. The findings replicate the Howard and Maxwell path analytic results in finding no evidence that a grades-influencing-satisfaction interpretation is more likely than its opposite, namely, a satisfaction-causing-grades one. The weak relationship between grades and student satisfaction, and the study's inability to find evidence to impugn a satisfaction-causing-grades interpretation of that relationship, renders the grade contamination objection to student evaluations even less poignant.
In Vitro Packaging of UV Radiation-Damaged DNA from Bacteriophage T7

When DNA from bacteriophage T7 is irradiated with UV light, the efficiency with which this DNA can be packaged in vitro to form viable phage particles is reduced. A comparison between irradiated DNA packaged in vitro and irradiated intact phage particles shows almost identical survival as a function of UV dose when Escherichia coli wild type or polA or uvrA mutants are used as the host. Although uvrA mutants perform less host cell reactivation, the polA strains are identical with wild type in their ability to support the growth of irradiated T7 phage or irradiated T7 DNA packaged in vitro into complete phage. An examination of in vitro repair performed by extracts of T7-infected E.coli suggests that T7 DNA polymerase may substitute for E. coli DNA polymerase I in the resynthesis step of excision repair. Also tested was the ability of a similar in vitro repair system that used extracts from uninfected cells to restore biological activity of irradiated DNA. When T7 DNA damaged by UV irradiation was treated with an endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus that is specific for pyrimidine dimers and then was incubated with an extract of uninfected E. coli capable of removing pyrimidine dimers and restoring the DNA of its original (whole genome size) molecular weight, this DNA showed a higher packaging efficiency than untreated DNA, thus demonstrating that the in vitro repair system partially restored the biological activity of UV-damaged DNA.
A Stability Analysis of Tropical Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions: Bridging Measurements and Theory for El Niño

Abstract Interactions between the tropical oceans and atmosphere permit a spectrum of natural modes of oscillation whose properties—period, intensity, spatial structure, and direction of propagation—depend on the background climatic state (i.e., the mean state). This mean state can be described by parameters that include the following: the time-averaged intensity τ of the Pacific trade winds, the mean depth (H) of the thermocline, and the temperature difference across the thermocline (ΔT). A stability analysis by means of a simple coupled ocean–atmosphere model indicates two distinct families of unstable modes. One has long periods of several years, involves sea surface temperature variations determined by vertical movements of the thermocline that are part of the adjustment of the ocean basin to the fluctuating winds, requires a relatively deep thermocline, and corresponds to the delayed oscillator. The other family requires a shallow thermocline, has short periods of a year or two, has sea surface tempe...
Representation of Water Table Dynamics in a Land Surface Scheme. Part II: Subgrid Variability

A lumped unconfined aquifer model has been developed and interactively coupled to a land surface scheme in a companion paper. Here, the issue of the representation of subgrid variability of water table depths (WTDs) is addressed. A statistical–dynamical (SD) approach is used to account for the effects of the unresolved subgrid variability of WTD in the grid-scale groundwater runoff. The dynamic probability distribution function (PDF) of WTD is specified as a two-parameter gamma distribution based on observations. The grid-scale groundwater rating curve (i.e., aquifer storage–discharge relationship) is derived statistically by integrating a point groundwater runoff model with respect to the PDF of WTD. Next, a mosaic approach is utilized to account for the effects of subgrid variability of WTD in the grid-scale groundwater recharge. A grid cell is categorized into different subgrids based on the PDF of WTD. The grid-scale hydrologic fluxes are computed by averaging all of the subgrid fluxes weighted by their fractions. This new methodology combines the strengths of the SD approach and the mosaic approach. The results of model testing in Illinois from 1984 to 1994 indicate that the simulated hydrologic variables (soil saturation and WTD) and fluxes (evaporation, runoff, and groundwater recharge) agree well with the observations. Because of the paucity of the large-scale observations on WTD, the development of a practical parameter estimation procedure is indispensable before the global implementation of the developed scheme of water table dynamics in climate models.
Hepatic resection for recurrent metastatic ovarian cancer.

Abstract Background The role for liver resection in metastatic ovarian cancer has not been defined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity of hepatic resection as a treatment option in metastatic ovarian cancer. Methods Retrospective review of a single institution’s experience of patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic ovarian cancer from 1998–2006. Results Ten patients underwent resection for metastatic ovarian cancer. Primary tumor type included serous cystadenocarcinoma (n = 8), granulosa cell (n = 1), and yolk sac (n = 1). Median disease-free interval was 48 months. Liver resections included trisegmentectomy (n = 4), lobectomy (n = 4), and bisegmentectomy(n = 1). Additional surgeries included diaphragm resection (n = 60), bowel resection, (n = 30), and adrenalectomy (n = 10). The median overall survival following liver resection was 33 months. Conclusion Liver resection for metastatic ovarian cancer is safe and is associated with long-term survival in some patients. Larger analysis may lead to the identification of prognostic factors associated with improved outcomes.
Warlpiri and the theory of second position clitics

This paper examines the placement of aspect and agreement clitics in Warlpiri. A common misconception regarding clitic placement in Warlpiri is cleared up: clitic placement does not depend on syllable count. It is also shown that these clitics do not uniformly appear in second position, syntactically or phonologically, making the standard label of "second position clitics" a misnomer. An analysis is developed in terms of syntactic head movement combined with local morphological reordering. The discussion also reveals a genuine morphological first word phenomenon, whereby a preverb may be split from its associated verb.
Model-based control of a high pressure homogenizer

An optimal control methodology for the homogenization of bacterial cells to recover intracellular products is presented in this work. A computational fluid dynamics model is used to quantify the hydrodynamic forces present in the homogenizer and empirical models are used to relate these forces to experimentally obtained cell disruption and product recovery data. We illustrate this methodology with an E. Coli bacterial system used to produce DNA plasmids. Homogenization is performed using an industrial APV-Gaulin high pressure homogenizer.
Role of dutasteride in pre-clinical ETS fusion-positive prostate cancer models

BACKGROUND. Androgens play a crucial role in prostate cancer, hence the androgenic pathway has become an important target of therapeutic intervention. Previously we discovered that gene fusions between the 5 0 -untranslated region of androgen regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the ETS transcription factor family members were present in a majority of the prostate cancer cases. The resulting aberrant overexpression of ETS genes drives tumor progression. METHODS. Here, we evaluated the expression levels of 5a-reductase isoenzymes in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. We tested the effect of dutasteride, a 5a-reductase inhibitor, in TMPRSS2–ERG fusion-positive VCaP cell proliferation and cell invasion. We also evaluated the effect of dutasteride on the TMPRSS2–ERG fusion gene expression. Finally, we tested dutasteride alone or in combination with an anti-androgen in VCaP cell xenografts tumor model. RESULTS. Our data showed that 5a-reductase SRD5A1 and SRD5A3 isoenzymes that are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT, are highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer compared to benign and localized prostate cancer. Dutasteride treatment attenuated VCaP cell proliferation and invasion. VCaP cells pre-treated with dutasteride showed a reduction in ERG and PSA expression. In vivo studies demonstrated that dutasteride in combination with the anti-androgen bicalutamide significantly decreased tumor burden in VCaP cell xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings suggest that dutasteride can inhibit ERG fusion-positive cell growth and in combination with anti-androgen, significantly reduce the tumor burden. Our study suggests that anti-androgens used in combination with dutasteride could synergistically augment the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of ETS-positive prostate cancer.
Conformational and Dynamic Properties of Polymer Loops and Their Mixtures at an Impenetrable Interface

In this study we investigate the equilibrium conformational properties and dynamic relaxation behavior of polymer loops grafted at an interface using the discontinuous molecular dynamics simulation technique. Differences and similarities between the structural and dynamic properties of polymer loops and tails are identified. The conformational properties of mixtures of polymers loops and tails are also studied using the bond-fluctuation method. The effect of mixture composition on the conformational properties of the individual components in the mixture is discussed.
High speed on-line neural network control of an induction motor immune to analog circuit nonidealities

A neural network using the Random Weight Change algorithm is shown able to be trained to perform on-line control of the current of an induction motor stator, despite analog circuit nonidealities. The induction motor is a complex nonlinear electromechanical system, with rapidly time-varying system parameters. Due to the small time constant of this power electronic system, the neural network must be able to finish each training cycle in less than 50 microseconds, which is only possible when controlled by specifically designed hardware circuits. An analog circuit is preferred for its ability to implement a reasonable size of network on one integrated chip. The analog circuit nonidealities are overcome by the Random Weight Change (RWC) algorithm. RWC is based on the method of random searching, and achieves similar performance to the back-propagation (BP) algorithm. The back-propagation algorithm is very difficult to implement in analog hardware due to its sensitivity to offset and nonlinearity errors. The RWC algorithm is simulated with analog circuit nonidealities, and is shown to be immune to these problems, thus the RWC algorithm is found ideally suited for the high speed analog circuit neural network implementation.
p53 immunolocalization in cell block preparations of squamous lesions of the neck: an adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of malignancy.

Abstract Objective.—Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, with consequent nuclear p53 protein accumulation, are among the most common genetic abnormalities in human cancers. The purpose of th...
Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding bovine ribosomal protein P2: predicted alpha-helices and potential phosphorylation sites.

A cDNA corresponding to bovine acidic ribosomal P2 was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a polypeptide 115 amino acids long. The secondary structure prediction shows that bovine P2 contains a large part of the protein domain as α helices. Alignment and analysis of 16 eukaryotic P2 proteins of 12 species reveal that there are three predicted α-helical regions conserved in almost all P2 proteins; helix 1 and helix 2 may be part of a helix-turn-helix structure. Sequence analysis indicates that there are seven serine residues in bovine P2 protein which are potential phosphorylation sites for a variety of Ser/Thr kinases. A few such sites appear at similar positions in many P2 proteins. The antigenic region is predicted to be located in the stretch of acidic amino acids in the vicinity of the C-terminus of P2. The predicted α-helical structures, potential phosphorylation sites and antigenic regions of the P2 protein provide some insights into the structure of P2 protein and deserve further experimental study.
The influence of ultrasound frequency and gas-body composition on the contrast agent-mediated enhancement of vascular bioeffects in mouse intestine

Abstract The induction by ultrasound (US) of petechiae and hemorrhages in mouse intestine was examined with injection of gas body-based contrast agents. Production of petechiae in the intestinal wall was enhanced by contrast agents for both continuous and pulsed (10 μs pulses repeated at 1 kHz) exposure relative to a gas body-free blank. For pulsed exposure with 10 mL/kg of Albunex®, apparent thresholds for peak negative pressure amplitude were 0.42 MPa at 0.4 MHz, 0.85 MPa at 1.09 MHz and 2.3 MPa at 2.4 MHz. Results at these frequencies were the same for 10–11 cycle pulses with fixed duty cycle (0.01). Thresholds for hemorrhage into the intestinal lumen were not appreciably enhanced by added Albunex®, and appear to be compatible with previously reported lithotripsy data when duty factor differences are considered. The agents PESDA, Optison® and Levovist® had lower thresholds (for example, 1.8 MPa for Levovist®) than Albunex® at 2.3 MHz, and yielded more petechiae. The thresholds for petechiae induction by US with contrast agents encroach upon the exposure range relevant to diagnostic US practice.
THE EFFECTS OF ABSTRACTION ON INTEGRATIVE AGREEMENTS: WHEN SEEING THE FOREST HELPS AVOID GETTING TANGLED IN THE TREES

The present research suggests that negotiators who represented negotiation issues more abstractly were more likely to reach integrative agreements. Specifically, participants who were prompted to directly think about their negotiation issues in a more abstract manner by generating general descriptions of the issues rather than more concretely about the negotiation issues by generating specific descriptions of the issues made more multi-issue offers and achieved higher joint gain from the negotiation. The role of abstraction in negotiation and conflict resolution is discussed.
COPS Workshop Final Report

We present here a brief summary of the works presented this year to the COPS 2010 workshop. The COPS workshop is in its sixth edition and it attracts top researchers from the peer-to-peer field. This year the workshop had an acceptance rate of 40% with 6 full papers accepted from a total of 15 submissions.
Preloaded High-Rate Tension Techniques.

A current Kolsky tension bar has been implemented with pre-tension-load capability to investigate the effect of preload on the high-rate response in tension of materials and structures. In this study, fully threaded brass studs have been experimentally investigated in terms of pre-tension-load effect on the tensile stress-strain response at the same high strain rate. The preload is not observed to significantly influence the plastic flow stress. The failure responses are quite different, however, when different pre-tension loads are applied.
Rural Bypass for Elective Surgeries.

Purpose Rural bypass of Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) for elective inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures has not been studied. Residents choosing to have their elective surgeries elsewhere, when the local CAH provides those surgical services, erode their rural hospital's financial base. The purpose of this research is to describe the elective surgical bypass rate, the procedures most commonly bypassed by rural residents, the distribution of volume among CAHs that offer elective surgical services, and factors predictive of bypass. Methods A sample of elective surgery discharges was created from the 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and State Ambulatory Surgery Databases for Colorado, North Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Frequencies of procedures bypassed and CAH volume distribution were performed. Logistic regression was used to model factors associated with rural bypass for elective surgical care. Findings The rural bypass rate for elective surgical procedures is 48.4%. Procedures bypassed most are operations on the musculoskeletal system, eye, and digestive system. Annual volume distribution for elective surgical procedures among CAHs varied widely. Patients who are younger, medically complex, at higher surgical risk, and have private insurance are at higher odds of bypass. Patients are also more likely to bypass low-volume hospitals. Conclusion Rural hospitals should consider developing surgical services that are performed electively and on an outpatient basis that are attractive to a broader rural population. CAHs that already offer elective surgical procedures and yet who are still bypassed must examine the mutable factors that drive bypass behavior.
The Conditions of Continuity and the Drivers of Change

The core of this paper considers the link between the context and three of the main themes of research in the framework of the “Changing Academic Profession” project (CAP): the Teaching-Research Balance (One aspect of Relevance), Internationalization, and Institutional Loyalty. These themes have been selected in order to highlight three contrasting patterns of “change.” We suggest, in the case of institutional loyalty, there is a common pattern of decline across most of the CAP countries—hence there must be powerful drivers of change common to most higher education systems. In the case of the teaching-research balance, we see a flip-flop pattern: Several countries that were high on research in 1992 have shifted towards a greater emphasis on teaching. And vice versa several that were high on teaching have strengthened their emphasis on research. Underlying these complex shifts must be the influence of drivers unique to each national case. Finally the internationalization theme exhibits more continuity than change and can be best understood as a reflection of persisting conditions rather than the influence of new drivers of change. The discussion in this chapter is restricted to the ten countries for which data in 1992 and 2007 exist (or to nine countries, if data are not complete). The following section introduces several of the most important contextual factors and provides a brief summary of the potential linkages between these factors and the aforementioned themes.
Erratum: A biomimetic hybrid nanoplatform for encapsulation and precisely controlled delivery of theranostic agents.

Nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential for enhancing drug delivery. However, the low drug encapsulation efficiency at high drug-to-nanoparticle feeding ratios and minimal drug loading content in nanoparticle at any feeding ratios are major hurdles to their widespread applications. Here we report a robust eukaryotic cell-like hybrid nanoplatform (EukaCell) for encapsulation of theranostic agents (doxorubicin and indocyanine green). The EukaCell consists of a phospholipid membrane, a cytoskeleton-like mesoporous silica matrix and a nucleus-like fullerene core. At high drug-to-nanoparticle feeding ratios (for example, 1:0.5), the encapsulation efficiency and loading content can be improved by 58 and 21 times, respectively, compared with conventional silica nanoparticles. Moreover, release of the encapsulated drug can be precisely controlled via dosing near infrared laser irradiation. Ultimately, the ultra-high (up to ∼87%) loading content renders augmented anticancer capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Our EukaCell is valuable for drug delivery to fight against cancer and potentially other diseases.
Rapid communication The mental number line dominates alternative, explicit coding of number magnitude.

Numerical judgments are facilitated for left-space responses to a smaller number and right-space responses to a larger number (the spatial–numerical association of response codes, SNARC, effect). D...
Increased Gastrointestinal Motility in Vitro following Chronic Estrogen Treatment in Male Rats

AbstractThe influence of 17β-estradiol (E2) on contractile activity of three gastrointestinal regional tissues was evaluated. One of three dose levels (75, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day) of E2 was administered sc to groups of male rats daily for 4 days. E2 blood concentrations measured with radioimmunoassay on the fourth day were 3.9, 28.9, and 51.4 ng/ml for the respective treatment groups. Significant differences were demonstrated in contractile activity responses between tissues from E2-exposed and nontreated control animals when the tissues were challenged with a cholinergic agonist in vitro. Evaluation of the data with regression analysis suggests differences in sensitivity among the three regional tissue responses when correlated with serum E2 concentrations; i.e., colonic responses > esophageal responses > antral responses. A causal relationship between elevated serum estrogen concentration and gastrointestinal hyperactivity is suggested.
Interpretation in a cognitive architecture

The work reported in this article presents a computational model of interpretation. The model proposes a cognitive architecture for intelligent agents to reason about competing analyses during interpretation and leverages the positive reinforcement principle.
Genetical Analyses of an Apomictic-Heterothallic Convertant of Didymium Iridis (Myxomycetes)

Conversion from an apomictic to a heterothallic life cycle occurred in a Pan 4 isolate of Didymium iridis. While in the apomictic state, each amoeba gives rise to a self-fertile clone whose amoebae and plasmodia have 2N nuclei. Thus, the cycle is apparently completed without intervention of syngamy and meiosis. On the other hand, in the heterothallic state, clones are self-stertile and cross-fertile, and amoeba and plasmodia have N and 2N nuclei, respectively. Intra-isolate crosses between convertant clones reveal two mating types, but Fl progeny are predominantly of a single mating type class. When convertant clones are outcrossed to clones from standard heterothallic isolates, only a small percentage of combinations is fertile and F, progeny from one such cross contained only a single mating type class. These results suggest that as a heterothallic, the convertant is (1) maladapted and (2) it has diverged genetically from other heterothallic isolates. It is proposed that apomixis and heterothallism may represent alternative cycles in all myxomycete species, and that ability to convert from one state to the other may enhance survivability and contribute to the process of speciation.