cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extensions and Implications

This final chapter first summarizes the many extensions of Jung’s personality theory developed in the book: attitude decoupling, dimensionality reduction, graphical treatment, combination of attitude with function, Platonic quantification, subsidiary modes, unpacking, ambiversion and doubleversion, plus the rehabilitation and extension of categorical archetype theory. Then it develops their implications for other personality theories, namely the SLIP, MBTI Step II, and Five Factor Analysis instruments. Finally it discusses the disadvantages of forced choice questions with their differential approach to determining personality characteristics. There is a clear need for an integral approach recognizing that people can and do transcend the apparent oppositions built into Jung’s personality theory. Indeed, how far can any questionnaire determine presence or absence of the various cognitive modes to the satisfaction of counselors, teams, and individual clients? Many questions are answered, but still more are raised for future research.
Distinct expression of phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunits by projection neurons and interneurons in the striatum of normal and amphetamine-treated rats.

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are heteromeric assemblies of subunits (NR1 and NR2A–D), and are enriched in the striatum. Receptor phosphorylation has recently been demonstrated on the NR1 subunit at three serine residues, 897, 896, and 890, which appear to correspond to the level of receptor activity. In this study, expression of phospho-specific NR1 subunits at serine 897 (pNR1S897), serine 896 (pNR1S896), or serine 890 (pNR1S890) in neurochemically identified neurons of the adult rat striatum was detected by using double-immunofluorescent labeling or combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In both the dorsal and ventral striatum, pNR1S897 was expressed at high levels in projection neurons containing >55% dynorphin (striatonigral) and >90% enkephalin (striatopallidal) and in interneurons that were 100% positive for choline, >90% positive for parvalbumin, and >45% positive for somatostatin (co-containing neuropeptide Y and neuronal nitric oxide synthase). Low levels of pNR1S896 were present in a small portion of projection neurons (<15% for both populations of projection neurons) and were almost lacking in the three types of interneurons. Interestingly, pNR1S890 was exclusively expressed in most parvalbumin-containing interneurons (70–80%). Acute administration of a psychostimulant, amphetamine, increased the number of dynorphin-containing projection neurons and parvalbumin interneurons showing detectable levels of pNR1S896 and pNR1S890, respectively. These results demonstrate the distinct expression of phospho-NR1 subunits in different populations of striatal projection neurons and interneurons at variable levels in normal rats; they also demonstrate that phosphorylation of NR1, at least on serine 896 and 890 sites, is sensitive to drug exposure. J. Comp. Neurol. 474:393–406, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Antagonistic Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Tgf-$sZ and Tnf on Auto-immune Diseases in Mice

AbstractInjection of transforming growth factor $sZ1 (TGF-$sZ1) for five days during the late phase of the immunization process leading either to collagen type II induced arthritis (CIA) or to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) protects against the development of these auto-immune diseases. Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-$aL) injected during this same interval aggrevates CIA. In addition, anti-TGF-$sZ exacerbates and anti-TNF protects against CIA, acute and relapsing EAE, suggesting an important regulatory role for the endogenous production of the two cytokines on the severity of these diseases. More detailed studies about the mechanism of action of TGF-$sZ in acute EAE show that there is no detectable effect of TGF-$sZ on the development of sensitized T cells in vivo, as assayed by the proliferative responses of T cells from lymph nodes and peripheral blood to myelin antigens. Nevertheless, the number of lymphoid cells infiltrating the central nervous tissue is much greater in untreated than in ...
A technique for locating function roots and for satisfying equality constraints in optimization

A new technique for locating simultaneous roots of a set of functions is described. The technique is based on the property of the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser function which descends to a minimum at each root location. It is shown that the ensuing algorithm may be merged into any nonlinear programming method for solving optimization problems with equality constraints.
Inhibition of a 5-HT3 receptor-mediated current by the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine

Abstract The effect of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, on the inward current mediated by 5-HT 3 receptors was investigated with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Fluoxetine inhibited the peak 5-HT current with an IC 50 value of 1.2 μM. During continuous application of fluoxetine at concentrations of ⩽ 1 μ M, there was a transient decrease in the fluoxetine-induced inhibition of 5-HT current. It is suggested that fluoxetine may have a short-lived action on 5-HT current and that the 5-HT 3 receptor is a possible acting site for the therapeutic use of fluoxetine.
New method of data acquisition in k-space in magnetic resonance imaging

We propose a new MRI acquisition method where data are collected from multiple directions in k-space. Its principal advantages are the reduction in acquisition time and the improvement of the signal to noise ratio. The potential disadvantage of the method is a loss in resolution. We have implemented the method and compared it with conventional truncated Fourier imaging using simulated objects, physical phantoms and human brains. The results show noise reduction ranging 25 - 40%. For brain images the loss of resolution is difficult to detect. The use of the method is recommended in applications where the signal to noise is poor, such as image subtraction in functional imaging.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Inherited BRCA2 mutations in African Americans with breast and/or ovarian cancer: a study of familial and early onset cases

In order to identify the spectrum of BRCA2 mutations in African Americans, breast or ovarian cancer patients from 74 independent families at elevated risk of germline mutations were investigated. The entire coding regions and flanking introns of BRCA2 were screened for germline mutations by single-stranded conformation polymorphism, protein truncation test, or denaturing high performance liquid chromatography followed by DNA sequencing. Eight distinct protein-truncating mutations were detected in six female patients (average age of onset of breast cancer: 37.6 years) and two male patients, but not in 163 unrelated disease-free controls. Two (1993delAA, 8643delAT) of the eight pathogenic mutations observed in African Americans have not been previously described. The other six pathogenic mutations (1882delT, 1991delATAA, 2001delTTAT, 2816insA, 4075delGT, 4088delA) have been detected in Caucasians; only the 2816insA mutation has been reported previously in African Americans. There were no significant differences in the frequency of deleterious BRCA2 mutations in African Americans compared with Caucasians. Six rare variations, not previously reported, were identified in five breast cancer patients but not in 163 disease-free control subjects. Of 11 different polymorphisms identified in high-risk African-American breast cancer patients, four may be unique to African Americans. An intron 10 polymorphism observed in patients was not detected in 163 disease-free African-American control subjects; this difference is statistically significant. Since many different pathogenic mutations and variants of unknown significance are observed in African Americans, BRCA2 genetic testing in high-risk African-American families must include the entire coding and flanking non-coding regions of the gene.
Registered Sex Offenders, Residence, and the Influence of Race

ABSTRACT The current research assesses the characteristics of neighborhoods where registered sex offenders (RSOs) reside and whether or not race influences the locations of these RSOs. Drawing on data from 2,290 RSOs in five urban counties, analysis focuses on assessing the characteristics of census tracts where Black and White RSOs reside, as well as assessing characteristics of census tracts with high concentrations of RSOs in residence. Findings show that census tracts where sex offenders reside display more social disorganization than communities and the nation as a whole. Census tracts where Black RSOs reside are generally more socially disorganized than those where White RSOs reside. Additionally White RSOs are more likely to reside in census tracts with high concentrations of RSOs.
A method for identifying places in rural America at risk of not being able to support adequate health services.

: Context: Public policymakers and their advisers struggle with the problem of specifying criteria by which health care providers in rural areas are eligible for special consideration in payment policies and for special grant programs. A means of designating places can provide a basis for assistance and can help target public resources for any providers who deliver services in those places. Purpose: This paper provides the details underlying a place-based approach to identifying rural areas that are at risk for not being able to provide requisite health services. Methods: A population size criterion is utilized first to eliminate metropolitan areas and other large agglomerations from consideration. Any territory not included in a place of 3500 or more people, including a 25-mile buffer around that place, is a priori considered to be at risk. All places, including buffers, that have populations between 3500 and 100 000 are further analyzed using population compositional data and principal components analysis. Findings: In 10 states and 24 bordering states selected for developing and testing the method, there were 1907 block groups outside the boundaries of any place with a population of at least 3500. In addition, the analysis suggested that 66 out of 236 places and buffers with populations between 3500 and 100 000 also should be classified as vulnerable. Conclusions: The results are discussed in regard to how a place-based approach can advance the study of rural health needs. By focusing on the needs of the people residing in a defined area, as determined from the aggregate characteristics of the population, a model is generated that can be used to predict special circumstances confronting any service provider. The public policy implications of the findings are also considered. Special payment policies could be written on the basis of place instead of provider characteristics, and grant programs providing technical assistance could be targeted to places of greatest need
Specificity of head-up tilt testing in adolescents: effect of various degrees of tilt challenge in normal control subjects.

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to determine the specificity of commonly used tilt protocols in children. Background. Tilt table testing is commonly utilized in the evaluation of children and adolescents with syncope despite a lack of uniformity in tilt protocols and a lack of studies of specificity in normal control subjects. Methods. Sixty-nine normal control volunteers (12 to 18 years old, 38 male, 31 female) with no previous history of syncope, presyncope or arrhythmia underwent tilting to 80°, 70° or 60° for a maximum of 30 min on a motorized table with a footboard support. Autonomic maneuvers, including deep breathing, carotid massage, Valsalva maneuver and diving reflex, were performed before tilt testing to determine whether the response to these maneuvers could identify subjects prone to fainting during tilt testing. Results. Symptoms of presyncope and frank syncope were elicited in 24 of 69 subjects (13 male, 11 female): 6 (60%) of 10 were tilted at 80°, 9 (29%) of 31 at 70° and 9 (32%) of 28 at 60°. Tilt testing at 80° was terminated after the tenth subject by the institutional review board. The mean time to a positive test response was 10.5 min at 80°, 14.2 min at 70° and 13.2 min at 60°. In the 80° tilt, 4 of 10 subjects had a positive response within 10 minutes, whereas only 3 of 31 and 2 of 28 had a positive response within Conclusions. Children appear to be more susceptible to orthostatic stress than adults. Therefore, tilt protocols commonly used in adults lack specificity in teenage patients. A specificity >85% may be obtained by performing the tilt test at 60° or 70° for no longer than 10 min.
Flashover Tests at Project UHV on Salt-Contaminated Insulators, Part II

Results of experimental studies on the contamination flashover strength of EHV insulator strings are presented. The results compare favorably with a theoretical analysis by Boehne and Weiner in 1966-1967. Nonlinearity of insulation strength with insulator length has been investigated, employing a steam fog method to simulate natural humidity and fog. The nonlinearity is caused by nonuniform voltage distribution along contaminated insulator strings. Such nonuniform distribution is created by the capacitance of insulator units to ground. This relationship was clearly demonstrated by several indirect methods. The results should be very important in future contamination studies.
Lower and upper topologies in the Hausdorff partial order on a fixed set

Abstract In the partial order of Hausdorff topologies on a fixed infinite set there may exist topologies τ ⊊ σ in which there is no Hausdorff topology μ satisfying σ ⊊ μ ⊊ τ . τ and σ are lower and upper topologies in this partial order, respectively. Alas and Wilson showed that a compact Hausdorff space cannot contain a maximal point and therefore its topology is not lower. We generalize this result by showing that a maximal point in an H-closed space is not a regular point. Furthermore, we construct in ZFC an example of a countably compact, countably tight lower topology, answering a question of Alas and Wilson. Finally, we characterize topologies that are upper in this partial order as simple extension topologies.
Silicon defect structure induced by arsenic diffusion and subsequent steam oxidation

Misfit dislocation nets are known to occur when very high amounts of phosphorus and boron are diffused into silicon single-crystal wafers. Diffusion of arsenic in silicon is not known to produce such dislocations. Through transmission electron microscopy it is shown in this paper that diffusion of high amounts (up to 1.6 × 1021 atoms/cm3) of arsenic creates Frank hexagonal loops on (111) planes parallel to the diffusion surface, and stacking faults on the inclined {111} planes, instead of misfit dislocation nets (the latter are still not observed). These faults and loops are found to be extrinsic, and are thought to be due to insertion of extra silicon layers in the matrix where the stacking fault energy is decreased by arsenic atoms. The driving force for the generation of loops and faults is shown to be the concentration gradient rather than fast cooling.
Phenomenology of low probability of intercept synthetic aperture radar via Frank codes

This paper investigates techniques for using low probability of intercept (LPI) modulation techniques for forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. This analysis considers a specific waveform type based upon Frank codes in providing for the LPI capability via phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. A correlation receiver that is matched to the transmitted waveform is utilized to generate a set of SAR data. This analysis demonstrates the ability to form SAR images based upon simulated radar measurements collected by a notional radar sensor that has ability to transmit and receive Frank-coded waveforms and to form SAR images based upon the results of a correlation receiver. Spotlight-mode SAR images are generated using the Frank-coded waveforms and their properties are analyzed and discussed.
Oscillator interrogated time-of-flight optical fiber interferometer for global strain measurements

In this paper, we demonstrate an oscillator interrogated time-of-flight optical fiber interferometer that provides global strain information for large-scale structures. The sensing resolution of the interferometer is sufficient for many structural applications, while the system is relatively inexpensive and durable as compared to previous methods. The measurable displacement range is determined by the oscillator frequency and can therefore be designed to be significantly larger than that of current systems. An optical length change resolution of 9.5 mm and range of 1.39 m are demonstrated experimentally. To easily embed the interferometer in structures and effectively increase the fiber sensing length, a commercially available prefabricated fiber ribbon is used. Results from static loading tests of a FRP strengthened reinforced concrete beam with embedded fiber ribbons show the feasibility of this technique for monitoring infrastructure systems.
Reactions of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ with Free Adenine

We are reporting the fluorescence quenching, IR, Raman, 1 H-NMR, and potentiometric studies for the Zn 2+ :adenine and the Cd 2+ :adenine systems under ambient conditions. IR and Raman spectra suggest that Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ interact with adenine but the modes of interaction differ. Fluorescence spectra indicate that the interaction involving Zn 2+ is more favorable than that of Cd 2+ , and this effect is due to the difference in ionic radii. 1 H-NMR, potentiometry, and speciation diagrams indicate the formation of strong metal ion adenine complexes. Potentiometric titrations of the heavier member of group 12 metals (Hg 2+ ) show similar results to that of Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ . Some differences in the 1 H-NMR experiments appeared between both (Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ ) compared to that of Hg 2+ . Due to the fluorescence quenching of adenine, adenine can be used as a sensor of Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ .
Differing calcium requirements for regulatory effects of ATP, ATPγS and adenosine on O2• responses of human neutrophils

Abstract In formyl peptide stimulated human neutrophils the enhancement of O2 • responses by ATP and ATPγS requires extracellular calcium. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of adenosine are independent of a calcium requirement. Rates of O2 • generation are not affected by these adenine compounds. Rather, ATP and ATPγS cause a sustained period of generation whereas adenosine causes an abrupt early termination of the O2 • response. The differing calcium requirements for regulatory effects of adenine compounds on O2 • responses of stimulated neutrophils suggests that ATP (or ATPγS) and adenosine may exert their effects at different points in the pathway of signal transduction events.
Perspectives for Systematic Landslide Monitoring

For most geologists, monitoring conjures up actions involving field measurements and data analysis. This is consistent with the definitions of monitoring, which include: “to keep track of systematically with a view to collecting information” and “to test or sample, especially on a regular or ongoing basis” (Dictionary.com, 2010). A major rockslide in Tennessee illustrates the basics of monitoring as applied to landslides. On November 10, 2009, a small mass of rock from an outcrop near mile marker 17.6 on U.S. Highway 64 slid onto the road (News.tennesseeanytime.org, 2009). This early morning rockslide impeded movement from one side of mountainous Polk County to the other. Consequently, Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) maintenance forces quickly reached the site and began clearing rocks blocking the inside (westbound) lane. Among the TDOT employees dispatched to the scene was a geologist, who began observations of the rocks exposed above the work area. The geologist, Vanessa Bateman, noted popping and cracking noises as well as more small rocks rolling down slope (Sohn, 2009). About 12:30 p.m., she alerted personnel on site to the possibility of another rockslide. All personnel and equipment were moved a safe distance away prior to the second, and much larger, rockslide occurring at 1:00 p.m. (Figure 1) (News.tennesseeanytime.org, 2009). Figure 1. The November 10, 2009, rockslide blocking U.S. Highway 64 in Polk County, TN. Just prior to the rockslide, an excavator equipped with an impact hammer was breaking up one of the larger boulders that had slid earlier onto the inside lane. (Photo from Tennessee DOT website.) The timely conclusion that another rockslide was imminent was based on monitoring. The observations were sounds and small rocks rolling during the observational period. The data were collected by the ability of the observer to hear and see. The data were analyzed based …
Process Transfer Function Development for Optical Media Manufacturing

1. Main effects DOE. 2. Multiple decoupled DOE. 3. Optimisation DOE. The described characterisation methodology identified critical process parameters and modelled linear, interaction, and non-linear effects of multiple quality attributes with regression coefficients varying from 65% to 98%. The developed empirical models are being used to facilitate advanced material development and production optimisation of digital video disks, but the described characterisation methodology can also be applied to other complex manufacturing processes.
Isolation and identification oftrans‐3,5‐dimethoxystilbene from high quality tall oil fatty acids by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

trans-3,5-Dimethoxystilbene has been isolated from high quality tall oil fatty acids (unsaponifiables 1.5% maximum, rosin acids 1.5% maximum), using liquid column chromatography and low temperature solvent fractional crystallization. The structure of this compound was determined with the aid of IR, mass and NMR spectrometry. Thetrans-3,5-dimethyoxystilbene was found to be responsible for the development of a red color during the epoxidation of the tall oil fatty acids.
National Estimates of Cohabitation

Data from the 1987–1988 National Survey of Families and Households are used to provide national estimates of cohabitation trends and levels. The rapid increase since around 1970 is documented over both birth cohorts and marriage cohorts. Almost half of the persons in their early 30s and half of the recently married have cohabited. Changes in the proportion ever married are compared with changes in the proportion who have either married or cohabited. Much of the decline in marriage has been offset by increased living together without being married. The stability of unions of various types is compared. Cohabitations end very quickly in either marriage or disruption. About 60 percent of all first cohabitations result in marriage. Cohabiting unions and marriages preceded by cohabitation are much more likely to break up than are unions initiated by marriage. Multivariate analysis reveals higher rates of cohabitation among women, whites, persons who did not complete high school, and those from families who received welfare or who lived in a single-parent family while growing up.
The relative sensitivities of different life stages ofIsognomon californicum to cadmium toxicity

Embryos, four different ages of larvae, juveniles, and adults of an Hawaiian bivalve,Isognomon californicum, were exposed to a range of cadmium concentrations at two salinities to determine 48-hr LC50s and to compare the relative sensitivities of the various life stages. The Cd 48-hr LC50s of embryos, 3 day and 10 day old larvae were similar. Older larvae, 24 and 36 days, also showed a similar sensitivity to each other but their LC50s were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those of the younger stages. Newly settled juveniles were less sensitive than embryonic or larval stages and adults were the least sensitive. There was a general trend of increased toxicity with decreased salinity, but salinity effects were not significant with late larvae, juveniles, or adults.
Novel solid-phase preparation of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines for combinatorial library generation

Abstract A novel procedure for the preparation of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine libraries has been developed.
Principles and implementations of dissipative (dynamic) self-assembly.

Dynamic self-assembly (DySA) processes occurring outside of thermodynamic equilibrium underlie many forms of adaptive and intellligent behaviors in natural systems. Relatively little, however, is known about the principles that govern DySA and the ways in which it can be extended to artificial ensembles. This article discusses recent advances in both the theory and the practice of nonequilibrium self-assembly. It is argued that a union of ideas from thermodynamics and dynamic systems' theory can provide a general description of DySA. In parallel, heuristic design rules can be used to construct DySA systems of increasing complexities based on a variety of suitable interactions/potentials on length scales from nanoscopic to macroscopic. Applications of these rules to magnetohydrodynamic DySA are also discussed.
Finite-dimensional lattice-ordered algebras with d-elements

Abstract We first show that, under certain conditions, an l -unital finite-dimensional Archimedean l -algebra is isomorphic to a finite cyclic group l -algebra with coefficients from a matrix l -algebra. Then we characterize regular unital finite-dimensional Archimedean real l -algebras which are either commutative or l -reduced.
Nitric oxide release from a single cell affects filopodial motility on growth cones of neighboring neurons.

Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous messenger, has been reported to be involved in a variety of functions in the nervous system, ranging from neuronal pathfinding to learning and memory. We have shown previously that the application of NO via NO donors to growth cones of identified Helisoma buccal neurons B5 in vitro induces an increase in filopodial length, a decrease in filopodial number, and a slowing in neurite advance. It is unclear, however, whether NO released from a physiological source would affect growth cone dynamics. Here we used cell bodies of identified neurons known to express the NO synthesizing enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) as a source of constitutive NO production and tested their effect on growth cones of other cells in a sender-receiver paradigm. We showed that B5 cell bodies induced a rapid increase in filopodial length in NO-responsive growth cones, and that this effect was blocked by the NOS inhibitor 7-NI, suggesting that the effect was mediated by NO. Inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) with ODQ blocked filopodial elongation induced by B5 somata, confirming that NO acted via sGC. We also demonstrate that the effect of NO was reversible and that a cell releasing NO can affect growth cones over a distance of at least 100 μm. Our results suggest that NO released from a physiological source can affect the motility of nearby growth cones and thus should be considered a signaling molecule with the potential to affect the outcome of neuronal pathfinding in vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Pharmaceutical Industry Sponsorship and the NP Prescriber: Policy and Practice Implications

Abstract Pharmaceutical marketing has become ubiquitous in today's society. Acquisition of nonbiased, evidence-based information on drugs is essential for prescribers and is a key component of continuing professional development in the health professions. However, the process by which prescribers obtain information on drugs has come under increasing scrutiny over the past decade as institutional and legislative entities have questioned the propriety of health profession education that is funded by the pharmaceutical industry. This article provides important policy perspectives for this timely debate for nurse practitioners.
A Review of Spinal Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disease: Need for Alternative Treatment Approach of Disc Arthroplasty?

This article reviews the history of spinal fusion. The most common indication for fusion may be painful disc degeneration although the exact determination of this condition remains controversial. In the analysis of surgical fusion techniques, literature review has documented a higher rate of success in attaining successful fusion than in obtaining excellent clinical outcomes. Significant morbidity can be seen in the performance of spinal fusion. A limited number of patients presently undergoing spinal fusion will be candidates for disc arthroplasty, though indications for spinal arthroplasty are still evolving.
Uteroglobin Messenger RNA: Translation in vitro

The messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the progesterone-induced protein uteroglobin has been extracted from endometrial tissue of rabbits in early pregnancy and enriched by binding to oligodT-ceilulose. After translation in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ, total mRNA activity was assessed by measuring the incorporation of 35S-methionine into TCA-precipitable peptides and specific mRNA activity by immunoprecipitation with specific uteroglobin antibodies purified by affinity chromatography. Approximately 85 percent of total mRNA activity was recovered after dT-cellulose chromatography, 10 percent in the bound fraction and 75 percent in the unbound RNA, suggesting that the majority of endometrial mRNA species lacks poly A sequences of longer than about 20 residues. No poly A could be detected by H-poly U hybridization in the unbound fraction. In contrast, 69 percent of total mRNA activity was present in dT-bound RNA from rabbit liver. The immunoprecipitable cell-free translation products of endometrial dT-RNA gave a single peak of radioactivity on electrophoresis in 15 percent polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The peak was completely displaced by the addition of an excess of authentic nonradioactive uteroglobin to the immunoprecipitation reaction and was absent from products of translation without added endometrial RNA. The cell-free product migrated more slowly than authentic uteroglobin, suggesting the synthesis of a precursor protein. No uteroglobin mRNA could be detected in dT-bound RNA from rabbit liver. The proportion of uteroglobin mRNA in endometrial dT-bound RNA reached a peak on Day 4 of pregnancy and declined subsequently to non’ pregnant levels on Day 8, a pattern similar to that of uteroglobin secretion.
The safety of central line placement prior to treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background Central venous lines are placed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis, despite significant cytopenias, to facilitate the administration of chemotherapy and blood sampling. The present study aimed to determine the safety of central line placement in these patients. Methods We reviewed the charts of 115 consecutive patients treated during a 10-year period. Data abstracted comprised age, gender, presenting and preoperative blood counts, type of central line, blood products transfused preoperatively, duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC], <500/µl), treatment, and central line-associated complications. Results There were 66 male and 49 female patients with a median age of 4 years. Seventy-one patients were classified as standard-risk and 44 as high-risk. Respective median blood counts at diagnosis and prior to surgery were white cell count (µl), 4,200 and 5,550; hemoglobin (g/dl), 7.7 and 9.4; platelet count (µl), 63,000 and 72,000; and ANC (µl), 3,950 and 4,900. The median duration of neutropenia was 15 days in the standard-risk group and 18 days in the high-risk group. Thirty-eight patients were not transfused preoperatively. There were no episodes of bacteremia. Seven patients (7%) with life-ports experienced a complication: in four blood could not be aspirated, two ports needed realignment, and one a wound infection developed without dehiscence. Four patients (27%) with external lines had a complication: one each with line occlusion, accidental removal by patient, line rupture, and line leakage at insertion site. The complication rate between ports and external lines was different (P = 0.045). Conclusions Central line placement prior to anti-leukemia treatment is safe. Most complications are mechanical and not due to leukemia, chemotherapy, or cytopenias. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of the Arctic haze as determined from airborne radiometric measurements during AGASP II

The effect of the Arctic-haze aerosol on the parameters of solar radiation was investigated using airborne radiometric measurements of radiation parameters during the second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Project. Simultaneously with absorption measurements, optical depths and total, direct, and scattered radiation fields were determined. The experimentally determined parameters were used to define an aerosol model, which was then used to calculate atmospheric heating rate profiles. It was found that, besides the increased absorption (30 to 40 percent) and scattering of radiation by the atmosphere, Arctic haze reduces the surface absorption of solar energy by 6 to 10 percent, and the effective planetary albedo over ice surfaces by 3 to 6 percent.
Improving the profitability of willow crops - identifying opportunities with a crop budget model.

Short-rotation woody crops like shrub willow are a potential source of biomass for energy generation and bioproducts. However, since willow crops are not widely grown in North America, the economics of this crop and the impacts of key crop production and management components are not well understood. We developed a budget model, EcoWillow v1.4 (Beta), that allows users to analyze the entire production-chain for willow systems from the establishment to the delivery of wood chips to the end-user. EcoWillow was used to analyze how yield, crop management options, land rent, fuel, labor, and other costs influence the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of willow crop systems in upstate New York. We further identified cost variables with the greatest potential for reducing production and transport costs of willow biomass. Productivity of 12 oven-dried tons (odt) ha−1 year−1 and a biomass price of $ (US dollars) 60 odt−1 results in an IRR of 5.5%. Establishment, harvesting, and transportation operations account for 71% of total costs. Increases in willow yield, rotation length, and truck capacity as well as a reduction in harvester down time, land costs, planting material costs, and planting densities can improve the profitability of the system. Results indicate that planting speed and fuel and labor costs have a minimal effect on the profitability of willow biomass crops. To improve profitability, efforts should concentrate on (1) reducing planting stock costs, (2) increasing yields, (3) optimizing harvesting operations, and (4) co-development of plantation designs with new high-yielding clones to reduce planting density.
A study of non-thermalized luminescence spectra: the case of Cu2O

Abstract The emission spectra of a non-thermalized distribution of excitons in Cu2O have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The emission spectra were found to exhibit interesting dependence on both the excitation frequencies and on the sample temperatures. These experimental results are explained quantitatively by a simple model calculation of the exciton distribution in Cu2O under continuous excitation. Using this model the exciton non-radiative lifetime was deduced from the emission spectra. In addition, the present theory accounts for the lineshape of the resonant Raman peaks in Cu2O more satisfactorily than the existing theory.
The effect of N placement on grass weeds and winter wheat responses in three tillage systems

Abstract Field studies were conducted for three seasons (1978–1979, 1979–1980 and 1981–1982) on a Palouse silt loam near Pullman, Washington, to compare the effects of broadcast and deep banding of nitrogen (N) fertilizer beneath winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed on N uptake and dry matter production of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.), and on N uptake, dry matter production and grain yields of winter wheat. Three tillage systems were used: conventional tillage; shallow roto-tilling, or no-tillage prior to planting. Rates of N were 0, 65, 130 and 190 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Additional plots were maintained free of weeds at the 130 kg N ha−1 rate. In 1983–1984, deep banding of the fertilizer between rows in a paired-row configuration was compared to surface-broadcast N fertilizer using N rates of 0, 45, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1. There were no significant differences between broadcast and deep-band application of N on grass weed N uptake or dry matter production with mold-board plowed or no-tillage, but there was greater weed growth with surface-broadcast N with shallow roto-tilling. Wheat N uptake, growth and grain yields were consistently higher with band-applied N compared to broadcast N. The yield response to banding N was the same with or without the presence of grass weeds.
Bolbophorus damnificus n. sp. (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) from the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos in the USA based on life-cycle and molecular data.

The common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be Bolbophorus damnificus Overstreet & Curran n. sp. The catfish acquires the infection from the snail Planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pelican specimens in conjunction with molecular data. It differs from the cryptic species Bolbophorus sp., also found concurrently in the American white pelican, by having eggs 123–129 μm rather than 100–112 μm long and consistent low values for nucleotide percentage sequence similarity comparing COI, ITS 1/2, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA fragments. Bolbophorus sp. is comparable but most likely distinct from B. confusus (Kraus, 1914), which occurs in Europe and has eggs 90–102 μm long. Its intermediate hosts were not demonstrated. The adults of neither of the confirmed North American species of Bolbophorus were encountered in any bird other than a pelican, although several shore birds feed on infected catfish, and B. damnificus can survive but not mature when protected in the mouse abdominal cavity. B. ictaluri (Haderlie, 1953) Overstreet & Curran n. comb., a species different from B. damnificus, is considered a species inquirenda.
Antimicrobial Coatings Based on Hydantoin-Containing Polymer Networks for Textiles

An advanced method with an initiator pretreatment was developed for the coating of nylon/cotton fabrics with the hydantoin-containing monomer 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and two water-soluble crosslinkers N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol) 200 diacrylate. The formulations were applied to textiles by either batch coating or dip coating. In the dip-coating process, the influence of individual parameters on the fabric modification was investigated and evaluated. After treatment with chlorine, the hydantoin structure was transformed into antimicrobial active N-halamines. The modified fabrics exhibited potent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our method, based on an initiator pretreatment and water-soluble crosslinkers, outperformed current technologies in the degree of fabric modification. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evidence for topographic guidance of dopaminergic axons by differential Netrin-1 expression in the striatum.

Abstract There are two main subgroups of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons: the more medially located ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons, which have axons that innervate the ventral–lateral (VL) striatum, and the more laterally located substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons, which preferentially degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have axons that project to the dorsal–medial (DM) striatum. DA axonal projections in the striatum are not discretely localized and they arborize widely, however they do not stray from one zone to the other so that VTA axons remain in the VL zone and SN axons in the DM zone. Here we provide evidence that Netrin-1 acts in a novel fashion to topographically pattern midbrain DA axons into these two striatal zones by means of a gradient of Netrin-1 in the striatum and by differential attraction of the axons to Netrin-1. Midbrain DA neurons are attracted to the striatum in culture and this attraction is blocked by an anti-DCC (Netrin receptor) antibody. Mechanistically, outgrowth of both VTA and SN DA axons is stimulated by Netrin-1, but the two populations of DA axons respond optimally to overlapping but distinct concentrations of Netrin-1, with SN axons preferring lower concentrations and VTA axons preferring higher concentrations. In vivo this differential preference is closely mirrored by differences in Netrin-1 expression in their respective striatal target fields. In vivo in mice lacking Netrin-1, DA axons that reach the striatum fail to segregate into two terminal zones and to fully innervate the striatum. Our results reveal novel actions for Netrin-1 and provide evidence for a mechanism through which DA axons can selectively innervate one of two terminal zones in the striatum but have free reign to arborize widely within a terminal zone.
Volcanism in the Rattlesnake Hills of central Wyoming: A paleomagnetic study

Ten separate intrusive bodies of Eocene age in the Rattlesnake Hills of central Wyoming are all reversely magnetized, which suggests that the volcanic episode which produced them had a maximum duration of only 1.7 m.y. and was possibly much shorter. The pattern of pole positions from these intrusions suggests that they have recorded a regular progression of the magnetic pole. This pole path could allow us to determine the sequence of intrusion. If we have not sampled the field during an excursion, the mean pole position at lat 82.6°N, long 151.9°W (α 95 = 12.3°) provides more evidence that there has been little apparent polar wander relative to North America since the Paleocene time.
The Probability Plot Correlation Coefficient Test for Normality

This paper introdLlces the normal probability plot correlation coefficient as a test statistic in complete samples for the composite hypothesis of normality. The proposed test statistic is conceptnally simple, is compntationally convenient, and is readily extendible to testing non-normal distributional hypotheses. An empirical power strldy shows that the normal probability plot correlation coefficient, compares favorably with 7 other normal test statistics. Percent points are tabulated for n = 3(l)50(5)100.
Repeated measures, interventions, and time series analysis

Classical repeated measures designs assume treatments are given in a randomized order. When randomization is not performed and an experiment involves a sequence of observations on each subject collected over time, serial correlations may become important. An example of these types of data is an intervention experiment wherein subjects are observed before and after a treatment or other manipulation. This situation falls within the realm of time series analysis. The correlations between observations often depend on the time intervals between the observations; observations that are closely spaced in time usually are more highly correlated than those with a larger time separation. This report demonstrates a test for such serial correlation and discusses a method of adjusting for it in repeated measures experiments.
Does women's literacy affect desired fertility and contraceptive use in rural-urban Pakistan?

Several hypotheses on the relationship between education and desired fertility and contraceptive use were tested with data on 7405 currently married women aged 15-49 years from the 1984-85 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. Major explanatory variables were place of residence desired and currently surviving children and wifes duration of marriage. Logit regression analysis was performed in a procedure established by Aldrich and Nelson (1984) and Fienberg (1985). Deficit fertility of the gap between desired and actual number of children was greater in rural areas. The likelihood was greater that rural wives would have deficit fertility. Illiterates among the rural population were less likely to have deficit fertility than literates (55.9% and 67.1% respectively). Women with deficit fertility were less likely to use contraception. Among urban women 25.7% of women with close to desired fertility used some form of contraception and 7.0% of women with deficit fertility used contraception. The odds ratio of contraception for women with no perceived shortage of children was 3.67. Among rural women the odds ratio was 4.48. 9.4% of rural wives without a perceived shortage of children used contraception compared with 2.1% with deficit fertility. In the logit models of current contraceptive use a literate women had a greater probability of using contraception than an illiterate woman among both rural and urban women. Controlling for literacy the odds of a woman using contraception was greater if she lived in an urban rather than a rural setting. The regressions for women with deficit fertility showed few differences in contraceptive use among urban and rural literate women. There were side differences between illiterate urban (7.3%) and rural women (1.9%) and contraceptive use. The implication was that raising literacy among rural women would improve current contraception but literacy would also not raise womens perceptions of having a sufficient number or surplus number of children as a reason for increasing contraceptive use. Family planning programs should emphasize closing the gap between desired and actual births by promoting birth spacing with an offering of suitable methods. Improvements in rural transportation would enhance rural womens desire to space births by making contraception more accessible.
Natural convection for in-vessel retention at prototypic Rayleigh numbers

Abstract The ACOPO experiment simulates natural convection heat transfer from volumetrically heated pools at a half-scale reactor lower head geometry (hemispherical). New data for internal Rayleigh numbers of up to 1016 are presented, correlated and discussed, in relation to other available correlations. These ACOPO results confirm a key component of the in-vessel retention severe accident management strategy for an AP600-like design, as recently established in DOE/ID-10460.
The effect of intravenous protoveratrine on digital pulse volume and digital skin temperature in hypertensive patients.

The change in digital pulse volume and skin temperature was observed after intravenous protoveratrine in 25 studies. A significant increase in the average pulse volume of the finger was noted but the range of change was large. The average change of pulse volume in the toe was not significant. A slight increase in the finger skin temperature was noted. "Vasodilatation" of the hand and feet was not the only factor resulting in a fall in blood pressure since it did not occur in all patients.