cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical Shape Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Subtypes of Autism

Brain imaging studies of the corpus callosum (CC) in autism have yielded inconsistent results. In this paper, we explore the three-dimensional profile of CC abnormalities in autism. The CC is segmented from mid-sagittal MRI and four adjacent slices on both sides, using our newly developed semiautomatic method. A subsequent contour stitching is performed to create the 3D surface of the CC, and the point correspondence problem can be simplified by our segmentation scheme. After alignment, differences from each surface to a template are computed to create a signed distance map of each subject. The group difference in the distance map is analyzed using two sample t-test, which results in a significance map. The statistical results reveal significant difference between patients and controls in the body of the CC.
Camalexin accumulation in Arabis lyrata

Inoculation of leaves of Arabis lyrata with either a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola strain ES4326 or Cochliobolus carbonum, a fungal nonpathogen of A. lyrata, resulted in the accumulation of a compound with similar chromatographic and fluorescent properties to that of camalexin (I), a phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana. A. lyrata is closely related to A. thaliana. High resolution electron impact mass spectroscopic and proton NMR analysis confirmed that the compound produced by A. lyrata is camalexin.
The windows 7 build key: redesigning and automating image deployment

The image deployment process requires a certain amount of effort, finesse, and luck to effectively execute. Manual techniques are prone to inefficiency and inconsistency, and commercial products necessitate costly software, server-side additions, or network changes; and likely, these tasks must be performed by specialized IT staff.Dwindling resources and increasing demands are compelling IT organizations to do different with less. Technology is changing in the academic community, and IT service units must adapt by concentrating on other, more valuable initiatives. The Windows 7 Build Key (WBK) allows this by replacing the complication and redundancy of image deployment and configuration with a fully unattended procedure that requires only about 5 minutes per machine.A bootable USB-based solution, the WBK is portable, easy, secure, and different from other approaches. Sensitive information like passwords, data, and the image itself are encrypted, allowing student/outsourced staff to build machines without disclosure or technical prerequisites. The WBK also takes the work out of image maintenance: out-of-box software or drivers are a simple drag-and-drop, and configuration is updated inside an XML file---no more finger-crossing with Sysprep. At the end of the build, users have a fresh installation of Windows 7 that is completely configured without any IT intervention. And even better, the computer can be rebuilt later without using the build key.This paper presents a model for designing a zero-cost automated Windows 7 deployment strategy from build to login that doesn't require any changes to the network or large investment of time.
Prototyping closed loop physiologic control with the medical device coordination framework

Medical devices historically have been monolithic units --- developed, validated, and approved by regulatory authorities as standalone entities. Despite the fact that modern medical devices increasingly incorporate connectivity mechanisms that enable device data to be streamed to electronic health records and displays that aggregate data from multiple devices, connectivity is not being leveraged to allow an integrated collection of devices to work together as a single system to automate clinical work flows. This is due, in part, to current regulatory policies which prohibit such interactions due to safety concerns.In previous work, we proposed an open source middleware framework and an accompanying model-based development environment that could be used to quickly implement medical device coordination applications --- enabling a "systems of systems" paradigm for medical devices. Such a paradigm shows great promise for supporting many applications that increase both the safety and effectiveness of medical care as well as the efficiency of clinical workflows. In this paper, we report on our experience using our Medical Device Coordination Framework (MDCF) to carry out a rapid prototyping of one such application --- a multi-device medical system that uses closed loop physiologic control to affect better patient outcomes for Patient Controlled Anelgesic (PCA) pumps.
Rasch Calibration and Optimal Categorization of an Instrument Measuring Women's Exercise Perseverance and Barriers

Abstract The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine the optimal categorization of an instrument measuring women's exercise perseverance and barriers using the Rasch analysis and (b) to examine urban women's exercise perseverance and barriers. A 23-item barrier instrument with five response categories was administered to 479 women from a metropolitan area. The data analysis started from collapsing the original five adjacent categories into three and four categories and 11 sets of original and collapsed data were analyzed using the Rasch rating scale model. The model-data fit, category and separation statistics, and parameter estimates provided by Rasch analyses were used to determine the optimal categorization of the instrument. Instead of the original five-category construct, which had a disordered internal construct, a collapsed three-category construct (i.e., Very Often/Often, Sometimes/Rarely, and Never) was found to have the optimal categorization. The time barrier domain was found to be the mo...
Effect of stimulus parameters on motor and respiratory responses to midbrain stimulation in unrestrained cats.

Abstract In cats with chroncially implanted electrodes, the effect of varied stimulus parameters has been assessed on head turning and respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of midbrain sites. Parameter variables included sustained trains vs. periodic bursts of pulses, varied shapes of bursts, and different pulse shapes. Differentiation of response components by stimulus parameters bore a direct relation to electrode location. With sites in the dorsolateral posterior midbrain tegmentum, head movements were evoked by any type of stimulation but respiratory concomitants were related to stimulus parameters. Stimulation of sites in the posterior tecto-tegmental region revealed selective effects of pulse shape on respiration vs. head turning. For sites at the lateral edge of the central gray matter, head turning could be evoked without respiratory changes, or respiration could be altered without head movement. Thus horizontal head turning was seen upon stimulation with sustained trains of square waves, while respiration became stimulus-bound upon stimulation with periodic bursts of modified square waves. With the latter stimulus, respiration was altered to one respiratory cycle per stimulus burst, regardless of the spontaneous prestimulus respiration rate. The phase of the respiratory cycle correlated with onset of stimulus burst, although constant throughout one stimulus, was not the same for a series of responses to stimulation of one site. With sampling of a wide range of stimulus parameters, it was possible to differentiate somatomotor from respiratory components to stimulation of sites in a restricted area of the dorsal midbrain.
ProTECT: a randomized clinical trial of progesterone for acute traumatic brain injury.

Study objective Laboratory evidence indicates that progesterone has potent neuroprotective effects. We conducted a pilot clinical trial to assess the safety and potential benefit of administering progesterone to patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Methods This phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at an urban Level I trauma center. One hundred adult trauma patients who arrived within 11 hours of injury with a postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale score of 4 to 12 were enrolled with proxy consent. Subjects were randomized on a 4:1 basis to receive either intravenous progesterone or placebo. Blinded observers assessed patients daily for the occurrence of adverse events and signs of recovery. Neurologic outcome was assessed 30 days postinjury. The primary safety measures were differences in adverse event rates and 30-day mortality. The primary measure of benefit was the dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended 30 days postinjury. Results Seventy-seven patients received progesterone; 23 received placebo. The groups had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Laboratory and physiologic characteristics were similar at enrollment and throughout treatment. No serious adverse events were attributed to progesterone. Adverse and serious adverse event rates were similar in both groups, except that patients randomized to progesterone had a lower 30-day mortality rate than controls (rate ratio 0.43; 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.99). Thirty days postinjury, the majority of severe traumatic brain injury survivors in both groups had relatively poor Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended and Disability Rating Scale scores. However, moderate traumatic brain injury survivors who received progesterone were more likely to have a moderate to good outcome than those randomized to placebo. Conclusion In this small study, progesterone caused no discernible harm and showed possible signs of benefit.
Ab initio relativistic effective potentials with spin-orbit operators. VII. Am through element 118

Ab initio averaged relativistic effective core potentials (AREP) and spin-orbit (SO) operators are reported for the elements Am through element 118. Two sets have been calculated for certain elements to provide AREPs with varying core/valence space definition, thereby permitting the treatment of core/valence correlation interactions. The AREPs and SO operators are tabulated as expansions in Gaussian-type functions (GTF). GTF valence basis sets are derived for the lowest energy state of each atom. The reliability of the AREPs and SO operators is gauged by comparing calculated atomic orbital eigenvalues and SO splitting energies with all-electron relativistic values.
Frictional Behavior of Boundary Lubricated Contacts: Effect of Tribochemical Surface Films

The friction characteristics of lubricated contacts are usually determined by the shearing of three interfacial structural elements; namely lubricant fluid film, tribochemical reaction films and the near-surface materials. The shear behavior of the fluid film components of lubrication can be adequately described by either the hydrodynamic, or elastohydrodynamic theories and calculations. The shear behavior of the near surface materials can also be approximated by contact mechanics. However, due to the complexity and lack of adequate information, description and analysis of the tribochemical film contributions to frictional behavior is more challenging. In this study we present evaluation of the friction behavior of a lubricated contact as a function of tribological test duration, as the tribochemical surface films were being formed. Tests were conducted with two different formulated lubricants, in addition to an unformulated PAO basestock lubricant. One of the formulated lubricants consists of PAO synthetic basestock with 2.5% each of ZDDP and MoDTC additives. The other formulated lubricant is a fully formulated commercial gear oil with similar viscosity. During the friction tests in a fully flooded reciprocating sliding roller-on-flat contact configuration, the friction coefficient decreased exponentially as the tribochemical films were formed; highlighting the impact of boundary films on friction. In the test with the basestock fluid, the friction remained constant for the duration of the test; although an oxide layer was formed. Nanoindentation hardness and modulus measurements were conducted on two of the tribochemical films to measure their mechanical properties and the consequent impact on measured friction during testing.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Effect of hyperconjugation on ionization energies of hydroxyalkyl radicals.

On the basis of electronic structure calculations and molecular orbital analysis, we offer a physical explanation of the observed large decrease (0.9 eV) in ionization energies (IE) in going from hydroxymethyl to hydroxyethyl radical. The effect is attributed to hyperconjugative interactions between the σCH orbitals of the methyl group in hydroxyethyl, the singly occupied p orbital of carbon, and the lone pair p orbital of oxygen. Analyses of vertical and adiabatic IEs and hyperconjugation energies computed by the natural bond orbital (NBO) procedure reveal that the decrease is due to the destabilization of the singly occupied molecular orbital in hydroxyethyl radical as well as structural relaxation of the cation maximizing the hyperconjugative interactions. The stabilization is achieved due to the contraction of the CO and CC bonds, whereas large changes in torsional angles bear little effect on the total hyperconjugation energies and, consequently, IEs.
Out of the clinic into the home: Control and patient-physician communication

The communication of information between patient and physician is a difficult and often flawed undertaking. Although the patient may be more immediately aware of dissatisfaction with the results, the presence of incomplete or inaccurate information will ultimately affect the physician's ability to function and the quality of care he can deliver. This is an especially important problem in chronic illness where the social, psychological and environmental factors which may impinge on the illness often cannot be identified or verified by laboratory tests. The physician's need to maintain control and hence power over the patient has been suggested as an explanation for these communication difficulties. This paper examines how the home setting influences physician control by including information about the patient and his disease which the clinic context actively excludes. It argues that the loss of control which physicians experience affects communication between patient and physician and thus the quality of information obtained in that communication, and further that the information gathered is important in the care of the long term chronically ill patient.
Gender integration in policing: a comparison of male and female police officers' perceptions in Taiwan

In light of the increased recruitment of females into the police force in Taiwan, it is important to understand officers' attitudes toward women in policing. What is the nature of such attitudes? A...
Monitoring plant community change: an application of quadrat classification + discriminant analysis

A procedure for monitoring plant community change was described using data from 189 quadrats (each 0.09 m2 in area) from or near 11 Carex exserta meadow sites in the high Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Initially the quadrats were agglomerated into five clusters by the flexible clustering strategy (beta = - 0.25) with the standard absolute distance resemblance function. Data for each quadrat were cover percentages for C. exserta, other plants, litter, soil, gravel, and rock. The five clusters appeared to define a cover gradient, from quadrats with mostly gravel and rock to those with mostly C. exserta, and were accordingly designated pioneer, low serai, mid-seral, high serai, and climax. Classification functions (from discriminant analysis) are used with values of the variables to classify individual quadrats on sites used to monitor change. A site is characterized at repeated observations by the proportions of quadrats in each class. Within-class (low serai vs. low serai) rather than between-class (pioneer vs. low serai) tests are made for presence of change. Confidence intervals for differences in proportions of quadrats or individual quadrat probabilities of class membership are computed. If the confidence intervals do not cover zero, values for time one versus time two differ significantly.
Recruiting across cultures: A value-based model of recruitment

With globalization intensifying, knowledge of cultural differences becomes increasingly critical. In the area of recruitment, a cross-cultural knowledge base is vital as the demand for international talent poses escalating challenges to effectively attracting desirable applicants. However, we know very little about the effectiveness of recruitment practices across cultures because most studies have been conducted in the U.S. We propose a theoretical framework of recruitment exploring how cultural values influence the effectiveness of recruitment practices in different cultural contexts. We argue that cultural values may moderate relationships between recruitment practices and recruitment outcomes across all phases of the recruitment process and suggest implications for future research directions.
Mycotic aortocaval fistula: Efficient evaluation by bolus-chase MR angiography

Aortocaval fistula (ACF) is a rare but life-threatening condition. This case report describes the use of bolus-chase gadolinium-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to provide an efficient evaluation of a patient with ACF associated with a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. This case highlights the ability of bolus-chase MRA to provide both the specific diagnosis of ACF as well as the information necessary for extra-anatomic arterial bypass. Bolus-chase MRA is a promising method for the evaluation of patients with this disease entity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:195–198. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The child abusing family: I. Methodological issues and parent-related characteristics of abusing families

Abstract The physical abuse of children by their parents is a family matter and should be viewed within the context of the family unit. Unfortunately, few child abuse studies have directly examined the family unit. Rather, most studies focus on characteristics of individual members of abusing families or on dyadic relationships within abusing families. Therefore, the present paper examines the family-related variables that might contribute to child abuse. This review is divided into two parts. Part I discusses methodological considerations and parent-related aspects of abusing families, including: characteristics of abusing parents, childhood experiences of abusing parents, marital relationships of abusing parents and the perceptions and expectations that abusing parents have of their abused children. Part II of this review, which will appear in a later issue, will cover child-related aspects of abusing families, parent-child interactions in these families, environmental conditions associated with child a...
4-Hydroxynonenal, a Product of Oxidative Stress, Leads to an Antioxidant Response in Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) an optic neuropathy characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and remodeling of the optic nerve head (ONH). Previous findings in glaucomatous astrocytes suggested increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in human optic nerves. We studied the dose and time dependent effects of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a by-product of lipid peroxidation, on the viability of primary cultures of human ONH astrocyte. A significant depletion of glutathione (GSH) level was observed in normal astrocytes after exposure to HNE for 1 h and 3 h. Untreated glaucomatous astrocytes exhibited depleted levels of GSH which increased slightly after exposure to HNE. Both normal and glaucomatous astrocytes recovered GSH levels after 24 h of removal of HNE. HNE caused significant increases in expression of antioxidant enzymes, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), aldo-keto reductase 1C family member 1 (AKR1C1) and glutathione S-transferase-alpha4 (GSTA4). HNE induced expression of the transcription factor Nrf2, which coordinates the upregulation of detoxification enzymes. In addition, ONH astrocytes responded to HNE by activation and transcription of cFOS and NFkB, which regulate physiological protective responses against oxidative stress. Our results indicate that ONH astrocytes exhibit a strong antioxidant response to HNE treatment by inducing the transcription factors cFOS, NFkB, and Nrf2, which upregulate the expression of GCLC, to produce more GSH in the cell. AKR1C1 was also upregulated after HNE treatment to inactivate HNE, independent of GSH availability in the cells. Collectively these data indicate that ONH astrocytes can efficiently counteract the neurotoxic effects of HNE offering protection in the optic nerve by releasing GSH and antioxidant enzymes to eliminate the products of chronic oxidative stress.
Dependency, Marxist Theory, and Salvaging the Idea of Capitalism in South Korea:

This paper presents a critique of dependency theorists' claim that South Korea has been unable to successfully develop capitalism. My major contention is that South Korea has experienced successful captialist industrialization while at the same time being dependent on foreign capital. The first part of the paper provided empirical proof of the fallacy of the dependency claim. In the second part the shortcomings of dependency theory are discussed showing the inadequacy of such theory to an understanding of Korea or the rise of capitalism in general. The third part of the paper survey's Korea's history from within a more explicitly Marxist framework showing present-day Korea to be the product of the complex interplay of class and other historical forces.
Technique for the combining of double-clad optical fiber lasers

High energy laser systems, both pulsd and CW, have become of significant interst in the recent past. To achieve higher powers in a laser system, it is often necessary to consider means by which individual lasers can be made coherent with one another. This can be achieved through the use of a master oscillator concept, which can have problems with overall stability, or by monitoring the phases of each individual laser and using feedback technique that can be used to combine individual pumped fiber gain sources into a cavity with a single output and a single set of longitudinal modes. We discuss the advantages of end pumping of double clad fiber lasers and speculate on means by which an all-glass double clad fiber laser may be developed.
GRB 080319B: evidence for relativistic turbulence, not internal shocks

We show that the excellent optical and gamma-ray data available for GRB 080319B rule out the internal shock model for the prompt emission. The data instead point to a model in which the observed radiation was produced close to the deceleration radius (∼10 17 cm) by a turbulent source with random Lorentz factors of ∼10 in the comoving frame. The optical radiation was produced by synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons, and the gamma-rays by inverse-Compton scattering of the synchrotron photons. The gamma-ray emission originated both in eddies and in an inter-eddy medium, whereas the optical radiation was mostly from the latter. Therefore, the gamma-ray emission was highly variable whereas the optical was much less variable. The model explains all the observed features in the prompt optical and gamma-ray data of GRB 080319B. We are unable to determine with confidence whether the energy of the explosion was carried outwards primarily by particles (kinetic energy) or magnetic fields. Consequently, we cannot tell whether the turbulent medium was located in the reverse shock (we can rule out the forward shock) or in a Poynting-dominated jet.
134. Deficits in circadian function in an animal model of fatigue

Fatigue is a debilitating symptom common in many neurological disorders and disease states, including Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome. The mechanisms by which fatigue is elicited are currently unknown; however, a fatigued-state can be induced through activation of the immune system alongside other sickness behaviors. Here we describe our immune-induced animal model of fatigue using the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 β (IL-1) in middle-aged female C57Bl/6 mice. We demonstrate reductions in voluntary wheel-running activity and general locomotor activity without the presence of other sickness behaviors including weight loss, fever, muscle ache or anhedonia. Patients experiencing fatigue report disrupted sleep–wake behavior and show lower amplitude in daily cortisol rhythms, suggesting weakness of the circadian system. We explore the effects of IL-1-induced fatigue on the coordination of the master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), using middle-aged Per2Luc mice. We demonstrate changes in cellular rhythm coordination and alterations in response to a shifted LD cycle. These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory state might alter sleep and rhythms by direct action on SCN neurons. This work was supported by the NIH grant R21NR012845-01A1.
Deviations from Stokes-Einstein-Debye behaviour in pyridazine

Abstract The depolarized Rayleigh spectrum from pyridazine has been obtained from 267K to 347K. The spectra at low temperatures display a shear wave dip at zero frequency due to translation-rotation coupling. The translation-rotation coupling constant is 0.3. The Stokes-Einstein-Debye plot of the reorientation time versus viscosity/temperature displays a marked deviation from linearity. This deviation from Stokes-Einstein-Debye behavior is attributed to increasing dipole-dipole interactions at lower temperatures.
Dysregulated Rhythms and the “Grip” of the Context: A Discussion of the Paper “Poison Cookies” by Katherine Oram

Two moments from the clinical narrative under discussion are used to highlight the critical impact of attention to timing not in terms of when and what to say, but rather as a an ongoing source of emotional meaning emerging on implicit dimensions of rhythm and affective tone occurring in the clinical interaction. Meanings having to do with different forms of power including fear of psychic annihilation, agency, and aggression expressed within sado-masochistic dynamics are demonstrated to be scaffolded and coming into formation on these implicit levels. Alternatively, Merleu-Ponty's concept of Urdoxa as a grip on context is introduced to highlight how the analyst's use of timing to violate an expectation for nonresponsiveness or impingement creates an experience of distance between enactment and reflection, allowing space for re-membering as a form of representation. Here the creation of space through timing serves not just a representational function, but also a way for affective self and interactive regu...
Relation Between Growth of Carcinogen-Induced Mammary Cancers and Serum Prolactin Values in Rats

SummaryMammary cancers were induced in fifty 50-55 day old female Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intravenous injection of 5 mg 7,12 -dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DM BA). Total mammary cancers and average cancer diameter per rat were measured once weekly. Beginning about 45 days after the appearance of mammary cancers and approximately at monthly intervals thereafter, for a total of 165 days, serum prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Although the average number of mammary cancers increased from an initial 1.5 ± 0.5 to a maximum of 7.4 ± 0.9 per rat, and average tumor diameter increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.4 ± 0.2 cm, serum prolactin concentrations remained within the normal range and did not change significantly from month to month. These observations indicate that growth of DMBA-induced mammary cancers in Sprague-Dawley rats can proceed in the presence of normal blood prolactin values.
Small economy estimates of the impact of the arts.

The arguments relating to financially supporting the arts at the public's expense as either a budget or tax deduction item often turns on the analysis presented to legislative committees by various arts-related interest groups. The interest groups speaking in favor of supporting the arts financially include members of the arts community and economic development agencies. Local economic development specialists, who have often endorsed and pursued diversification in the economic base or export sector via the arts, emphasize the tourism industry in local communities as the major market component impacted by the arts. Additionally, they argue that the arts particularly distinguish a community and significantly increase its desirability as a place to live or visit by providing psychic income to residents and tourists. Because this analysis is congruent with rational economic behavior, it may be effective in influencing the outcome of the governmental funding process.
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells form functionally distinct sublayers

Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons have frequently been regarded as a homogeneous cell population in biophysical, pharmacological and modeling studies. We found robust differences between pyramidal neurons residing in the deep and superficial CA1 sublayers in rats. Compared with their superficial peers, deep pyramidal cells fired at higher rates, burst more frequently, were more likely to have place fields and were more strongly modulated by slow oscillations of sleep. Both deep and superficial pyramidal cells fired preferentially at the trough of theta oscillations during maze exploration, whereas deep pyramidal cells shifted their preferred phase of firing to the peak of theta during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Furthermore, although the majority of REM theta phase-shifting cells fired at the ascending phase of gamma oscillations during waking, nonshifting cells preferred the trough. Thus, CA1 pyramidal cells in adjacent sublayers can address their targets jointly or differentially, depending on brain states.
Thin-film imaging: past, present, prognosis

As the limitations of conventional optical lithography approach, potential extensions of a current technology are examined more closely. One of these extensions is to limit the photoresist thickness that is needed for recording the imaging information. Because the low etch resistance of resist typically precludes the use solely of resists utilizing very thin film, a variety of alternatives have been explored. These range from elaborate trilayer schemes to relatively simple processes such as top-surface imaging (TSI) and a number of combinations thereof. In all of these systems, the aim is to limit the imaging resist thickness to a thin layer by confining the radiation near the surface of the resist. This improves process latitude (e.g., depth of focus, exposure latitude) and also reduces reflective notching and thin-film interference effects. The imaged pattern in the thin-film resist processed by TSI is then transferred by plasma etching into a thicker underlayer. This stack then serves as the resist mask for subsequent wafer processing. In this paper, we refer to all of these types of approaches as thin-film imaging (TFI) systems. We review TFI approaches from a historical perspective, examine a number of the schemes that have been proposed, and describe the various technical issues associated with the implementation of such systems. From this perspective, we suggest that TFI systems may find a role in manufacturing for lithographic applications at wavelengths at, or less than, 193 nm.
SELECTIVE ETCHING OF n-TYPE GaAs IN A CrO3-HF-H2O SYSTEM UNDER LASER ILLUMINATION

A wide range of CrO3/HF mixtures in diluted form and under laser illumination (λ = 6328 A) have been found to be useful for defect revealing in n-type {100} GaAs. After removal of 0.2 - 0.4 microns from the GaAs surface, striations, dislocations, stacking faults and inclusions are revealed, so these etchants can be used to study defects in GaAs epitaxial layers. The characteristic features of the etch figures are similar to those obtained with the DABL method (diluted AB etch under laser ill.) but some properties of the CrO3-HF-H2O system are advantageous : the composition of etchants (within wide limits) is not critical for the defect revealing mode (although the kinetics of etching are composition dependent), no precipitates are formed in solution, high reproducibility of the method, no memory effect. These diluted Sirtllike etchants used with laser (DSL) were calibrated with AB-etch and compared with the DABL method.
Phase transfer of large anisotropic plasmon resonant silver nanoparticles from aqueous to organic solution.

We describe the phase transfer of large, anisotropic, silver nanoparticles (∼50−100 nm edge length) from water to polar organics such as alcohols, acetone, dimethylformamide and to nonpolar hexanes. We transferred the silver nanoparticles to the polar organic solvents via their precipitation in water by centrifugation and redispersion in organics. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and UV−vis extinction spectra, we confirmed that there was little to no shape change in the nanoparticles upon transfer to the polar solvents. The nanoparticles were stable for months in the polar organics. We also transferred the nanoparticles to hexanes with up to 75% phase transfer efficiency by using sodium oleate as a surfactant. We found the extinction spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the nanoparticles were similar in water and hexanes, indicating that exchange into hexanes resulted in an only slight change in shape. The nanoparticles were stable for at least 10 days in hexanes un...
A new mixed valence compound of vanadium

A new mixed valence compound of vanadium was prepared in nonpolar solvents by mixing vanadyl(IV) bis(acetylacetonate) with a similar copper(II) or zinc complex and with a tetraalkylammonium salt. Based upon a variety of physical studies, the proposed formula for the deep violet crystals obtained is [(C2H5)4N]4[V10O28H4] in which eight of the vanadium atoms are in the quinquivalent state and two are in the quadrivalent state. The optical spectrum exhibits a very broad and intense band at about 20,000 cm−1 as well as a less intense but very broad band centered about 12,100 cm−1. The ESR spectrum shows a hyperfine splitting by two equivalent 51V nuclei. An attempt to assign these spectra is made.
A contemporary perspective on psychoanalytically informed hospital treatment.

Despite impressive biological advances in the treatment of hospitalized patients, many inpatients do not respond to conventional somatic therapies. For these treatment-resistant patients with axis I disorders, as well as for characterologically disturbed axis II patients, a sophisticated milieu approach employing psychoanalytic principles may be useful, if not essential, in planning effective treatment. The author presents a model based on object relations theory to assist hospital staff in conceptualizing such treatment approaches. The corner-stone is a systematic understanding of transference and counter-transference as they reflect the patient's internal object relations.
Tribological Study of Microbearings for MEMS Applications

Microsleeve bearings intended for microrotational machinery were fabricated by X-ray lithography and Ni electroplating. Coated to the working surfaces of the bearings was a 900 nm thick uniform tungsten hydrocarbon (W-C:H) coating using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted, hybrid chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/physical vapor deposition (PVD) tool. Tribological characteristics and mechanical properties of aselectrodeposited Ni microbearings, annealed Ni microbearings at 800°C, and W-C:H coated microbearings were investigated. Potential applications of the microbearings may involve very light contact pressure (5-30 MPa) and high sliding speed, such as micromotors and microturbines. Conventional pin-on disk test methods on top flat surfaces, (001) planes, cannot effectively predict tribological characteristics because these microbearings use the sidewall (110 plane) as a working surface. A special micro wear tester and friction tester were developed. Surface morphologies of new and worn bearing surfaces were studied using SEM. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterized the W-C:H coated microbearings. Test results of the W-C:H coated microbearings (wear characteristics and friction) are also presented. W-C:H coated microbearings had much lower wear rate than uncoated bearings. During the wear test, a transfer layer formed on the counter steel shaft even under very small contact pressure, leading to low steady state friction and high wear resistance.
Picosecond Streak Camera Measurements Of Short X-Ray Pulses

A commercial x-ray streak camera was modified to obtain an impulse response of 2.5 psec. It was used to measure the x-ray emission from a plasma produced by a sub-picosecond laser. An upper limit of 1.5 psec was obtained for the x-ray pulse duration over the 50 eV to the 1 keV region of the spectrum.
Variation and heritability of seed mass in chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Variation and heritability of seed mass in the Mesoamerican crop chia, Salvia hispanica L. was studied to examine the feasibility of selection for the trait. Genotypic variation in seed mass in wild/cultivated and domesticated accessions of chia from different origins was assessed. Broadsense heritability of seed mass was estimated using variances associated with parental and F2 generations derived from two crosses and from the response to one cycle of selection. Significant (P . 0.0001) genotypic variation was observed among accessions. Mean seed mass for domesticated accessions (14.84 mg/100 seeds) was greater than that of the wild accessions (11.29 mg/100 seeds) by 31%. The heritability of seed mass was relatively high in chia (0.75), suggesting that this trait is under strong genetic control. This conclusion was supported by a single selection cycle from the F2 to F3 generation that produced a 16% increase in mean seed mass. The realized heritability estimated based on this one cycle of selection also was 0.75. These observations indicate that gains from selection in chia seed mass are possible when mass selection is conducted in early generations. Basic information is thus provided for future breeding efforts in a species for which little or no knowledge of inheritance currently exists.
Equity theory: A review and critique.

Abstract The theoretical precision and research related to equity theory, as it is conceived by Adams, are reviewed. While equity theory is a significant step forward, the theory itself needs further specification. The research supports equity predictions in the area of underpayment, but the overpayment effects have not been satisfactorily demonstrated. Elaborations of the theory are presented in the areas of (1) determinants of inequity, (2) dissatisfaction resulting from inequity, and (3) responses to dissatisfaction.
Utilization of Health Care for Infectious Illnesses at a Pediatric Practice 549

Objective: To determine the frequency of health care utilization for infectious illnesses in a pediatric practice and factors that affect utilization. Study Population: Children aged 6 weeks to 5 years who received health care at a large pediatric practice in Norfolk and Chesapeake, VA enrolled between 3/96 and 10/97 into an ongoing 3-year surveillance study. Methods: Attempts were made to enroll all age-eligible children in the practice. Demographic and medical history data were collected at enrollment and updated monthly. Office visit records were reviewed 2 weeks prior to enrollment for all children and when children were sick. Associations between parental education level and type of health care coverage on frequency of visits for illness were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis. Results: This analysis includes 506 (9%) of age-eligible children in the practice followed for 6618 child months (range 1-21 mos/child). 414 (82%) children had 1861 illness visits (mean 3.4/child-year) that resulted in 2526 diagnoses including 1615 (64%) that involved the upper respiratory tract. Otitis media (OM) was the most frequent primary diagnosis (21%) followed by uncomplicated upper respiratory infections (URI) (15%), sinusitis (4%), and Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis (1%). 23% of diagnoses were combinations of the above. The mean number of visits for OM (1.0/child-year) was greater than for the other diagnoses (URI.6/child-year, sinusitis.1/child-year, GAS pharyngitis.06/child-year). 73% of parents had more than a high school education. 98% of families were covered by third party health insurance including: 82% by employer-administered health insurance(private insurance, HMO, PPO), Medicaid 9%, and CHAMPUS 7%. Children of parents with more than a high school education had more sick visits than parents with a high school education or less (Rate ratio=1.18, p=.002). Families with no insurance visited the physician the least often (Rate ratio=0.43, p=.008), followed by CHAMPUS (Rate ratio=.80, p=.03), private insurance, HMO, and PPO (reference group), and Medicaid (Rate ratio=1.13, p=.12). When level of education and type of health care coverage were adjusted, each influenced health care utilization (p<.03). Conclusions: Health care utilization in this pediatric practice was associated with type of health care coverage and parents' level of education. These findings may help target high-use and low-use groups of parents to improve appropriate health care utilization.
Genetic relationships of bluetongue virus serotypes isolated from different parts of the world

Full-length DNA clones representing the 10 double-stranded RNA segments of US bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) have been used in a study to determine the genetic relationships among 20 different BTV serotypes. The study was undertaken using Northern blot hybridization techniques involving 32P-labelled DNA probes and total RNA species extracted from BHK-21 cells infected with 20 different BTV serotypes. The results obtained indicate that all the genes representing the nonstructural proteins of BTV (NS1, NS2 and NS3) as well as most of the inner capsid polypeptides are highly conserved (e.g., VP1, VP3, VP4), while VP6 and VP7, the remaining two inner capsid components, are less conserved. The genes representing the two outer capsid polypeptides, VP2 and VP5, vary significantly. When complete DNA clones of RNA segment 2 (representing the VP2 neutralization gene) of 4 other US serotypes (BTV-2, -11, -13 and -17) and one Australian serotype (BTV-1) were used in similar hybridization studies, the data obtained showed that despite geographical distances, a certain BTV serotype exhibits similarities. Some hybridization signals were detected with several of the inner capsid genes and the corresponding RNA segments of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a distantly related orbivirus, although none of the BTV outer capsid genes, nor any of the nonstructural genes hybridized with either EHDV-1 or EHDV-2 RNA species.
Optical imaging of prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response in executive function induced by increased cardiovascular activity.

Article accompanying a poster presentation for the 2014 Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting. This article discusses optical imaging of prefrontal cortex hemodynamic response in executive function induced by increased cardiovascular activity.
Stability robustness bounds for linear state-space models with structured uncertainty

In this note, we consider the robust stability analysis problem in linear state-space models. We consider systems with structured uncertainty. Some lower bounds on allowable perturbations which maintain the stability of a nominally stable system are derived. These bounds are shown to be less conservative than the existing ones.
Two Pattern Learning Algorithms Using Dynamical Systems

In this paper, we first introduce three classifications of dynamical systems, based on attractor topology, space complexity of parameter space and information capacity. Then, a learning model using class 2 dynamical systems, based on attractor classification, and a learning model using class 3 dynamical systems. Thirdly, we propose several extensions of the theory using class 2 dynamical systems. Finally, we compare these two approaches.
Online identification of non-minimum phase finite impulse response linear systems with discrete inputs via hidden Markov models

Considers adaptive estimation of noisy finite impulse response linear systems driven by stationary inputs from a discrete set. An algorithm based on an equivalent hidden Markov model representation is presented. The algorithm presented is globally convergent while previous approaches have only been locally convergent.
Associations Between Father-Daughter Relationship Quality and the Academic Engagement of African American Adolescent Girls: Self-Esteem as a Mediator?:

Positive social interactions and relationships may play an influential role in the academic success of African American adolescent girls. Though studies have suggested that the paternal relationships are particularly consequential to girls’ outcomes, few studies exist that have explored how aspects of the fatherdaughter relationship contribute to their academic-related outcomes. Using a sample of 122 African American adolescent girls (M= 12.2 years; SD = 1.02), this study examined how father-daughter relationship quality was associated with academic engagement. An equally important goal of this investigation was to explore self-esteem (global and academic self-esteem) as a mediator of girls’ academic engagement. Findings indicated that quality of the father-daughter relationship was positively related to girls’ academic engagement. Also, both global and academic self-esteem mediated the link between father-daughter relationship quality and academic engagement. These findings suggest the importance of father-daughter relationship quality in both the academic engagement and self-esteem of African American adolescent girls.
Effects of age, available response time and gender on ability to stop suddenly when walking.

Abstract Background: Injuries may occur during walking when a sudden stop to avoid a gait path obstacle is called for unexpectedly, but cannot be completed in the time available. Little is known about abilities, particularly those of older adults, to stop suddenly. Methods: Twenty young (mean age 23.4 years) and 20 older (72.6 years) healthy and physically active adults with equal numbers of females and males in each age group were studied. While walking straight ahead at approximately 1.3 m/s, they were cued by a light at one of five possible locations to stop as quickly as possible. Subjects were given available response times (ART), the times between the visual cue to stop and potential passage through a virtual wall that was outlined by the array of lights used to cue the subjects, ranging from 375 to 825 ms in 75-ms increments. The rate of success (RS) in completing the stops as prescribed was determined and the effects on RS of age, available response time and gender were examined. Regression analyses were used to interpolate the RS data. Results: At all ART, older female (OF) subjects had a significantly lower rate of success (RS) than either older male (OM) or young adult (YA) subjects. At an ART of 525 ms, for example, RS was 58% for YA and 51% for OM, but only 23% for OF. The regression analyses suggested that OM in the mean would have needed 10 ms longer and OF 70 ms longer than YA to achieve a 50% RS. No significant gender difference in RS were found among YA. Conclusions: The healthy and physically active older female subjects in this study needed longer available response times, and thus longer available stopping distances, than did the young adults or the older males to succeed as well in stopping suddenly while walking at their comfortable gait speed.