cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classification of Wintgen ideal surfaces in Euclidean 4-space with equal Gauss and normal curvatures

Wintgen proved (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 288:993–995, 1979) that the Gauss curvature K and the normal curvature KD of a surface in Euclidean 4-space \({\mathbb {E}^4}\) satisfy K + |KD| ≤ H2, where H2 is the squared mean curvature. A surface in \({\mathbb {E}^4}\) is called Wintgen ideal if it satisfies the equality case of the inequality identically. Wintgen ideal surfaces in \({\mathbb {E}^4}\) form an important family of surfaces, namely, surfaces with circular ellipse of curvature. In this article, we completely classify Wintgen ideal surfaces in \({\mathbb E^4}\) satisfying |K| = |KD| identically.
The disadvantaged as a social and professional phenomenon

Abstract Being culturally disadvantaged is a social condition which is created, managed, and maintained by both social and professional institutions. When institutions attempt to sustain societal norms by selecting certain attributes and calling them desirable, these institutions are relegating large segments of the population to a deviant status if it does not share these attributes. The “culturally disadvantaged” are such a group. This phenomenon not only results in differential perceptions and expectations, but also influences their self-evaluation, academic success, and career opportunities. The transformation of deviance into incompetency has also led to formally sanctioned methods of managing deviancy. Methods, such as compensatory education, ability grouping, and special class placement can be viewed as maintaining the position that the culturally disadvantaged are indeed deviant and incompetent.
Leveraging Downlink for Optimal Uplink Rate Allocation: An Incentive Compatible Approach

In this paper, we consider joint uplink and downlink rate allocations over a multicast/broadcast pair in a single-cell system. We assume a network of heterogeneous users, where the uplink utility of each user is held as private information and is unknown to the base station. The challenge is to design an optimal rate allocation scheme in the presence of such incomplete information. Here, we provide an incentive-compatible mechanism that leverages downlink demand to ensure that users truthfully reveal their uplink utilities, resulting in a socially optimal uplink rate allocation.
Management of Sudden Coronary Death

Twenty-three survivors of out-of-hospital sudden coronary death (SCD) have been followed subsequent to initial hospitalization, cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography, and ultimate coronary revascularization (11 patients) or medical treatment (12 patients). All were treated at the Milwaukee County Medical Center. History of previous myocardial infarction (10 patients) and predominance of triple coronary artery disease (20 patients) with associated ventricular dysfunction (21 patients) demonstrated advanced coronary disease in both groups. Selection for revascularization (mean, 3 grafts per patient) was not randomized, but was based on precarious coronary anatomy and was reinforced by post-SCD ventricular dysrhythmias and angina. During an average follow-up of 13 months, there were 2 perioperative surgical deaths (1 recurrent SCD) and 3 medical deaths (2 recurrent SCDs), giving a mortality rate of 22%. This is an improvement over reported post-SCD natural history and may support a policy of offering revascularization to all SCD patients who have precarious coronary anatomy.
Orbital Maneuvering with Electrodynamic Tethers

expendables. 1;2 The nearly propellantless nature of maneuvering with electrodynamics tethers could potentially enable new ways of operating in space. Some of these possibilities could be achieved in the near term. For example, techniques for boost and reentry of spacecraft has been developed by several researchers 2i8 and will be demonstrated in the NASA ProSEDS mission. Other applications are also beingconsidered and couldreap tremendous benee t. For example,a satellite servicing vehicle could rendezvous with multiple satellites in different orbits to transfer fuel or replace components to extend the lifetime of expensive space assets. An orbital tug could change the orbits of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. 9 A space surveillance satellite could obtain intelligence on foreign space assets and even perform counterspace missions if necessary. There are two practical disadvantages to electrodynamic tethers. The e rst is that the ionosphere density is not sufe cient for maneuvering out beyond LEO.Second,for practicalcurrents, forexample, a few amperes, the achievable thrust is low, and maneuvers can take many weeks to realize. Therefore, it is necessary to make an electrodynamic tether as autonomous as possible. When human support is limited for these long-duration operations, the electrodynamic tether concept can be made more cost effective. This paper provides the guidance equations for the tether current to effect a desired change in orbital elements. The guidance is capable of simultaneously changing the orbit size, shape, and plane,thatis,semimajoraxis,eccentricity,inclination,lineofnodes, and argument of perigee. These guidance laws could be used in a mission planner to perform trade studies and to evaluate the performance of a given electrodynamic tether design. The guidance laws may be suitable for onboard implementation as well,
Leiomyosarcoma of the Duodenum: Report of Case

Only three cases of leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum have been reported to date, the first by von Salis (1) in 1920, the second by Andersen and Doob (2) in 1933, and the third by Silverstone (3) in 1934. The following case is the fourth known instance of leiomyosarcoma arising in the duodenum. Report of Case J. S., a white male aged fifty-four, a machinist by occupation, was admitted to the William J. Seymour Hospital on Nov. 11, 1935, and died Dec. 1, 1935. The chief complaints on admission were pain in the abdomen, loss of weight, itching and jaundice. Up to three months previously the patient had felt perfectly well. At that time he noticed a gradual onset of pain in the upper abdomen below the ribs. He could not take food and vomited frequently after meals. The pain was sharp or burning in character, and occasionally radiated to the back or up into the left chest. He had had no previous stomach trouble. He complained, also, of itching all over his body for the past week, and was told that his skin was yellow. Since the onset of his illness he had had dryness of the mouth and skin and increased thirst, but no increased hunger and no frequency of urination. The appetite was poor. Although the patient stated that he had lost 60 pounds in weight in the last six months, he appeared well nourished. The patient had had an appendectomy in 1930 for a ruptured appendix. In 1920 he lost his left thumb in an accident. An injury by a piece of steel in 1920 caused loss of sight in the right eye, which was enucleated. A similar injury to the left eye in 1927 caused total blindness. Alcohol was used in moderation.
Estrogen and progesterone induce migration, invasion, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via matrix metalloproteinase regulation

Recent studies have indicated postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have more adverse outcomes of peripheral arterial disease after vascular reconstruction, including increased intimal hyperplasia (IH) and restenosis. The major cellular processes contributing to IH pathogenesis are extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and invasion of the ECM. We have previously shown hormone exposure results in unbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulation in VSMCs, a family of ECM degradative enzymes known to play a role in vascular remodeling. Here we examine the role of hormonally-stimulated MMP activity in the regulation of the cellular processes contributing to IH development. Data from the type of analyses presented here could be used to develop a computational model of vascular restenosis focusing on the importance of hormone-modulated VSMC function.
The Mr-value of chloroplast coupling factor 1

Abstract The M r of spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 has been determined by sedimentation equilibrium and by light scattering to be 400 000 ± 24 600 and 407 000 ± 20 000, respectively. These values differ substantially from that obtained previously (325 000) and are consistent with an α 3 β 3 γδϵ subunit stoichiometry.
RETIREMENT INCOME RIGHTS AS A COMPONENT OF WEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES

Americans have accumulated a considerable amount of future purchasing power in the form of Social Security and employer pension rights. These rights are a form of wealth. In this paper, we ask how their inclusion alters the wealth portfolios of a sample of Americans at or nearing normal retirement age. Data from the 1973 wave of the longitudinal Retirement History Study suggest that, for many Americans, retirement income rights are the dominant component of wealth, and are often more important than all other entries combined, including home equity. We also find that this wealth can be seriously eroded during times of high inflation. Because of differences in marketability, pension and Social Security rights are not perfect substitutes for more liquid assets. Nonetheless, since they are so large in magnitude, and have been shown to be key determinants of the behavior of older workers, they should not be ignored.
On modeling wireless sensor networks

Summary form only given. Most of the current research in wireless sensor networks (WSN, for short) is constraint driven and focuses on optimizing the use of limited resources (for example, power) at each sensor. While such constraints are important, there is a need for more general performance metrics describing the effectiveness of WSNs. There is also a need for a unified model that would enable comparison of different types of WSNs. We propose a new service-centric model that focuses on services provided by a WSN and their corresponding performance metrics. A WSN is modeled at different levels of abstraction. For each level, a set of services and a set of metrics are defined. A mapping between metrics at different levels relates high-level, mission-oriented metrics to low-level capability-oriented metrics. The proposed model consists of mission, network, region, sensor, and capability layers. Within each layer, four planes are identified, namely, communications, management, application, and generation learning. The proposed model provides a flexible, open framework for expressing and evaluating capabilities, functionalities, management, behavior, and evolution of a WSN. In addition, the proposed model provides a holistic approach to comparing WSNs and to measuring their effectiveness. The generation learning plane is unique in that it serves to extend the longevity of the network and to enhance the network effectiveness over time.
Associations of factor VIIIC, D-dimer, and plasmin-antiplasmin with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

To examine the associations of three understudied hemostatic factors – D-dimer, factor VIIIc, and antiplasmin (PAP) complex -- with incident CVD and all cause mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. Hemostatic factors were measured at baseline in 45–84 year olds (n =6,391) who were free of clinically recognized CVD. Over 4.6 years of follow-up, we identified 307 CVD events, 207 hard coronary heart disease (CHD) events, and 210 deaths. D-dimer, factor VIIIc, and PAP were not associated with CVD incidence after adjustment for other risk factors. In contrast, each factor was associated positively with total mortality, and D-dimer and factor VIIIc were associated positively with cancer mortality. When modeled as ordinal variables and adjusted for risk factors, total mortality was greater by 33% (95% CI = 15–54%) for each quartile increment of D-dimer, 26% (11–44%) for factor VIIIc, and 20% (4–38%) for PAP. This prospective cohort study did not find D-dimer, factor VIIIc, or PAP to be risk factors for CVD. Instead, elevated levels of these three hemostatic factors were associated independently with increased risk of death. Elevated D-dimer and factor VIIIc were associated with increased cancer death.
Automated design management using traces

An automatic management system for CAD based on the idea that CAD tools can leave a trace of their execution is proposed. The trace, represented as a bipartite directed and acyclic graph in which the nodes represent either design data or tool invocations, is both a record of the design activity and a graph representing the dependencies among the design objects. The architecture of the proposed system is distributed. A server manages the trace, while a number of clients can concurrently interact with the trace through the server. The system is nonintrusive, because it does not affect the way designers interact with the tools. The design manager has been implemented in a system called VOV, which has been tested. >
Impact of sleep on arrhythmogenesis.

Sleep is generally considered to be a protected period, when the cardiovascular system benefits from the restorative influences of the sleeping brain. However, the dynamics of cardiovascular control during sleep can tax the capacity of the diseased coronary circulation and myocardium with surges in sleep-state–related autonomic activity and disruptions in airway function and central nervous system regulation. In this regard, sleep may constitute an autonomic stress test for the heart. The scope of sleep-related risk for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias is substantial. The major subgroups susceptible to adverse influences of surges in autonomic activity during sleep are those with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and channelopathies (Table).1 It is significant that 20% of myocardial infarctions and 15% of sudden deaths occur at night in the United States.2 Most atrial arrhythmias in patients younger than 61 years of age have nocturnal onset.3 The young are not immune to risk, as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) claims 2500 lives in the United States annually.4 Cardiovascular risk is compounded by comorbid factors, most notably apnea, which affects an estimated 4% to 9% of the general population5 and is considerably more prevalent among obese individuals.6 The more common form is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with partial or complete collapse of the pharynx. Half of heart failure patients experience either OSA or central sleep apnea (CSA) with central nervous system–mediated periodic breathing, commonly referred to as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Such cardiorespiratory disturbances profoundly alter autonomic nervous system activity and increase risk of arrhythmia, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. View this table: Table. Patient Groups at Potentially Increased Risk for Nocturnal Cardiac Events It is surprising, as recently underscored by Malhotra and Loscalzo,7 that the significance of cardiovascular risk during sleep may not be duly recognized within the cardiology community. The reasons are …
Aspen, climate, and sudden decline in western USA

Abstract A bioclimate model predicting the presence or absence of aspen, Populus tremuloides, in western USA from climate variables was developed by using the Random Forests classification tree on Forest Inventory data from about 118,000 permanent sample plots. A reasonably parsimonious model used eight predictors to describe aspen's climate profile. Classification errors averaged 4.5%, most of which were errors of commission. The model was driven primarily by three variables: an annual dryness index, the ratio of summer to annual precipitation, and an interaction of growing season precipitation with the summer–winter temperature differential. Projecting the contemporary climate profile into the future climate provided by three General Circulation Models and two scenarios (SRES A2 and either B1 or B2) suggested that the area occupied by the profile should diminish rapidly over the course of the century, 6–41% by the decade surrounding 2030, 40–75% for that surrounding 2060, and 46–94% for 2090. The relevance of the climate profile to understanding climate-based responses is illustrated by relating trends in climate to the recent incidence of sudden aspen dieback that has plagued portions of the aspen distribution. Of the eight variables in the profile, four reached extreme values during 2000–2003, the period immediately preceding the appearance of damage in aerial surveys.
Relationship between Religious Involvement and Psychological Well-Being: A Social Justice Perspective

Although religion has not been a mainline topic of empirical inquiry in the gerontological social work literature, there has been growing recognition in the past two decades of the health protective effects of religious involvement on both physical and psychological well-being. Depression interferes with both individual and social functioning that can lead to persistent problems in healthy human development, social relationships, and empowerment in the service of social justice. Attention to the salubrious effects of religious involvement on the psychological well-being among older U.S. racial and ethnic groups is still in its nascent stage. This article examines the relationship among religious involvement, private prayer, and depression in a low-income clinical sample of 230 older U.S.-born and immigrant Latinos. Higher levels of religious attendance were associated with lower risk of depressive illness after adjusting for selective factors such as physical functioning, stress exposure, and social support. Private prayer was not associated with depression. Although immigrants were more likely to attend worship services, they reported the same rates of depression as their U.S.-born counterparts. The study is an initial step toward disentangling the mental health protective effects of religious involvement on the health and well-being of older Latinos in the United States.
A 25-GHz CMOS Tunable Injection Locking Quadrature LC-Divider for Multi-Channel Transceivers

A 25-GHz Injection Locking Quadrature LC divider for multi-channel transceivers is described herein. The injection locking technique is used to eliminate the trade-off between quadrature accuracy and phase noise performance. Using harmonic balance to analyze the injection locking behavior, an analytical expression for the locking range is derived. The proposed topology allows for independent tuning of I/Q injection locking dividers resulting in a reduction phase offset. A full-rate oscillator with I/Q injection locking dividers designed in a 0.13-?m standard digital CMOS process indicates 20% frequency locking range while consuming 2.2 mA at a supply voltage of 1.2V, excluding the output buffers. It is shown that I/Q phase imbalance from inductor mismatch can be corrected up to 57 degrees.
Bochenski on the Structure of Schemes of Doctrines

My object is to suggest some ways of amplifying and applying Bochenski's account, 1 in order to bring out its value for philosophical investigation of the doctrines of particular religious communities.
Differential Sialylation Modulates Voltage-gated Na+ Channel Gating throughout the Developing Myocardium

Voltage-gated sodium channel function from neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes was measured and compared. Channels from neonatal ventricles required an ∼10 mV greater depolarization for voltage-dependent gating events than did channels from neonatal atria and adult atria and ventricles. We questioned whether such gating shifts were due to developmental and/or chamber-dependent changes in channel-associated functional sialic acids. Thus, all gating characteristics for channels from neonatal atria and adult atria and ventricles shifted significantly to more depolarized potentials after removal of surface sialic acids. Desialylation of channels from neonatal ventricles did not affect channel gating. After removal of the complete surface N-glycosylation structures, gating of channels from neonatal atria and adult atria and ventricles shifted to depolarized potentials nearly identical to those measured for channels from neonatal ventricles. Gating of channels from neonatal ventricles were unaffected by such deglycosylation. Immunoblot gel shift analyses indicated that voltage-gated sodium channel α subunits from neonatal atria and adult atria and ventricles are more heavily sialylated than α subunits from neonatal ventricles. The data are consistent with approximately 15 more sialic acid residues attached to each α subunit from neonatal atria and adult atria and ventricles. The data indicate that differential sialylation of myocyte voltage-gated sodium channel α subunits is responsible for much of the developmental and chamber-specific remodeling of channel gating observed here. Further, cardiac excitability is likely impacted by these sialic acid–dependent gating effects, such as modulation of the rate of recovery from inactivation. A novel mechanism is described by which cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel gating and subsequently cardiac rhythms are modulated by changes in channel-associated sialic acids.
Effect of Neonatal Gonadectomy and Administration of Testosterone on Coital Masculinization in the Ferret

Male ferrets castrated on postnatal day 5 displayed significantly lower levels of neck gripping, mounting, and pelvic thrusting behavior than groups of males castrated on postnatal days 20 or 35 when tested in adulthood after treatment with testosterone (T). Administering a high dosage of T via sc Silastic capsules to ovariectomized female ferrets over postnatal days 5-20 caused a significant enhancement of all three parameters of masculine coital behavior and ossification of clitorides, in comparison with control females that received no exogenous hormone neonatally. A lower dosage of T given to other ovariectomized females over the same neonatal period caused only slight coital masculinization even though the plasma concentrations of T achieved in females with this particular implant were somewhat higher than the levels normally present in gonadally intact male ferrets at any time between postnatal days 5 and 40. Administration of high and low dosages of T to ovariectomized females over days 20-35 failed to cause any coital or genital masculinization. The results suggest that T acts in the male ferret brain between postnatal days 5 and 20 to cause coital masculinization. The sensitivity of the male brain to T during this period may, however, normally be enhanced by the action of T or some other hormone before day 5.
Random Eigenvalue Problems in Structural Analysis

A computerized Monte Carlo simulation is presented for calculating the statistical properties of the eigenvalues of a spring supported beam-column. The spring supports and axial force are treated as random variables ; the distributions of material and geometric properties are considered to be correlated homogeneous random functions. Each sample distribution is generated using a new method for simulating multivariate homogeneous random processes having a specified cross-spectral density matrix. This method of solution is used to investigate the accuracy of the perturbation method for calculating the variance of the nth vibration and buckling eigenvalues. Numerical results are presented for the case where the axial load is equal to 27 % of the fundamental buckling load and the distributions of material and geometric properties are uncorrelated. The perturbation method is shown to be acceptable for limited ranges of the statistical variations of properties.
Association Between Placebo-Activated Neural Systems and Antidepressant Responses: Neurochemistry of Placebo Effects in Major Depression

Importance High placebo responses have been observed across a wide range of pathologies, severely impacting drug development. Objective To examine neurochemical mechanisms underlying the formation of placebo effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Design, Setting, and Participants In this study involving 2 placebo lead-in phases followed by an open antidepressant administration, we performed a single-blinded 2-week crossover randomized clinical trial of 2 identical oral placebos (described as having either active or inactive fast-acting antidepressant-like effects) followed by a 10-week open-label treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or, in some cases, another agent as clinically indicated. The volunteers (35 medication-free patients with MDD at a university health system) were studied with positron emission tomography and the µ-opioid receptor–selective radiotracer [ 11 C]carfentanil after each 1-week inactive and active oral placebo treatment. In addition, 1 mL of isotonic saline was administered intravenously within sight of the volunteer during positron emission tomographic scanning every 4 minutes over 20 minutes only after the 1-week active placebo treatment, with instructions that the compound may be associated with the activation of brain systems involved in mood improvement. This challenge stimulus was used to test the individual capacity to acutely activate endogenous opioid neurotransmision under expectations of antidepressant effect. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in depressive symptoms in response to active placebo and antidepressant. Baseline and activation measures of µ-opioid receptor binding. Results Higher baseline µ-opioid receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens was associated with better response to antidepressant treatment ( r = 0.48; P = .02). Reductions in depressive symptoms after 1 week of active placebo treatment, compared with the inactive, were associated with increased placebo-induced µ-opioid neurotransmission in a network of regions implicated in emotion, stress regulation, and the pathophysiology of MDD, namely, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, midline thalamus, and amygdala (nucleus accumbens: r = 0.6; P Conclusions and Relevance These data demonstrate that placebo-induced activation of the µ-opioid system is implicated in the formation of placebo antidepressant effects in patients with MDD and also participate in antidepressant responses, conferring illness resiliency, during open administration. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02178696
Coordination State of China's Fictitious Economy and Real Economy

China’s fictitious economy has been developing rapidly since 1990. Rapid expansion of scale of fictitious economy can make positive or negative impacts on real economy, so it needs to prevent over-development of fictitious economy taking negative influences to real economy. The coordination state of China’s fictitious economy and real economy has been analyzed by grey correlation model based on the yearly data from 1998 to 2009, and the results show that the correlation degrees of the representative variables the total loans and the money and quasi-money with GDP are higher, the correlation degrees of the turnover of stock trading, the turnover of treasury bonds, the turnover of foreign exchange, and the turnover of commodity futures trading with GDP are lower, and the degree of the turnover of trading of investment of futures and securities with GDP is lowest. Therefore, it needs to promote coordinated development between China’s fictitious economy and real economy.
Avenues of research in dynamic clothing

While mechanical cloth simulation systems are widely used for creating draped garments on virtual characters, the animation of virtual garments raise challenges on its own. The perception of garment beauty is first related to the dynamic accuracy of the cloth simulation model, which has to reproduce precisely the dissipative behaviors of the material, such as viscosity and plasticity, rendering the visual features of realistic cloth motion. The other important aspect is the need of adequate techniques for the real-time visualization of animated virtual garments, required for many real-time or interactive applications. This work present techniques yielding visible advances for addressing these two aspects.
On the design of finite-dimensional stabilizing compensators for infinite-dimensional feedback-systems via semiinfinite optimization

The computational stability criterion presented by E. Polak and T.L. Wuu (see ibid., vol.34, p.196-200, Feb. 1989) is extended to a form that can be used in the design of finite-dimensional stabilizing compensators for a class of feedback systems with infinite-dimensional plants. Since, in this case, the characteristic function is not a polynomial, there is no simple way to define a normalizing polynomial. Hence, approximation theory has to be used. The new stability test guarantees not only input-output stability, but also internal stability of the feedback system. Furthermore, since the numerical implementation of the test does not depend on the use of a reduced plant model, the test does not lead to spillover effects. Because the compensator is parametrized in the state-space form, the order of the compensator can be assigned by the designer. >
Stability analysis of the sequential partial update LMS algorithm

Partial updating of LMS filter coefficients is an effective method for reducing the computational load and the power consumption in adaptive filter implementations. The sequential partial update LMS algorithm is one popular algorithm in this category. A first-order stability analysis of this algorithm was performed (Douglas, 1997) on wide sense stationary signals under the restrictive assumption of small step size parameter /spl mu/. The necessary and sufficient condition derived on /spl mu/ for convergence in the mean was identical to the one for guaranteeing stability in the mean of LMS. First-order sufficient conditions were derived (Godavarti et al., 1999) for stability without the aforementioned small /spl mu/ assumption. The sufficient region of convergence derived was smaller than that of regular LMS. In this paper, we establish that for stationary signals the sequential algorithm converges in mean for the same values of the step size parameter /spl mu/ for which the regular LMS does. In other words, we show that the conclusion drawn Douglas holds without the restrictive assumption of small /spl mu/. We also derive sufficient conditions for stability on /spl mu/ for cycle-stationary signals.
Changing the State of a Linear System by use of Normal Function and its Derivatives

For a linear system with real poles, two problems have bean attacked 1. Achieving a desired state from ground state in minimum time 2. Achieving maximum distance from the origin (ground state) when the excitation is magnitude limited. As is known (Gupta l962, Zacleh 1900), the state of a system can be changed in zero time using the impulse-function and its derivatives. This is, of course, not practical and therefore in this paper the impulse function is approximated by normal function and the above problems are attacked using this normal function and its derivatives. This method shows to what degree the impulse function response can be approximated using this typo of excitation and shows the practicality of this type of input.
New Scheduling Strategies and Hybrid Programming for a Parallel Right-looking Sparse LU Factorization Algorithm on Multicore Cluster Systems

Parallel sparse LU factorization is a key computational kernel in the solution of a large-scale linear system of equations. In this paper, we propose two strategies to address some scalability issues of a factorization algorithm on modern HPC systems. The first strategy is at the algorithmic-level, we schedule independent tasks as soon as possible to reduce the idle time and the critical path of the algorithm. We demonstrate using thousands of cores that our new scheduling strategy reduces the runtime by nearly three-fold from that of a state-of-the-art pipelined factorization algorithm. The second strategy is at both programming- and architecture-levels, we incorporate light-weight Open MP threads in each MPI process to reduce both memory and time overheads of a pure MPI implementation on many core NUMA architectures. Using this hybrid programming paradigm, we obtain a significant reduction in memory usage while achieving a parallel efficiency competitive with that of a pure MPI paradigm. As a result, in comparison to a pure MPI paradigm which failed due to the per-core memory constraint, the hybrid paradigm could utilize more cores on each node and reduce the factorization time on the same number of nodes. We show extensive performance analysis of the new strategies using thousands of cores of the two leading HPC systems, a Cray-XE6 and an IBM iDataPlex.
Properties and Diversity of (Na-K-C1) Cotransporters

A specific pathway that mediates the coupled, electrically neutral transport of Na, K, and Cl ions across cell membranes is present in a wide variety of animal tissues, and appears to serve a number of different physiological functions. (Na-K-Cl) cotransport is involved in transport of salt and water across both reabsorptive and secretory epithelia, including the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) of mammalian kidney (33), distal tubule of amphibian kidney (67), Necturus gallbladder (12), shark rectal gland (46), rabbit parotid (91), and flounder intestine (72, 73). In other cells, including Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (30, 31) and human red blood cells (17), (Na-K­ Cl) cotransport may play a role in the maintenance and regulation of cell volume. In excitable cells, such as squid axon (4, 85) and cardiac myocytes (57), this cotransporter may regulate the ion gradients that determine the resting membrane potential, and recent evidence suggests that the cotransport system of chick cardiac myocytes is stimulated by catecholamines, which enhance cardiac contractility (57). In avian red cells, (Na-K-Cl) cotransport is also stimulated by ,B-adrenergic catecholamines (44, 89, 92), and the high rate of cotransport in these cells may contribute to extrarenal potassium regulation in birds (43). Reduced levels of (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in vascular smooth muscle cells may reflect or even contribute to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (71). As we continue to find (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in an increasing number of tissues, this pathway will likely be found to serve still other physiological functions, and abnormalities in its operation or regulation may prove to be important in the pathophysiology of specific disease states. In this review, we compare properties of (Na-K-CI) cotransport systems
Some Cognitive Capacities of an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the data collected during more than a decade of research, that provide direct comparisons between mammalian cognitive abilities and those of an African Grey parrot. The study of complex cognitive abilities in animals is often built upon two premises. First, there is usually some evidence upon which to base the hypothesis that the subjects of the study might indeed possess the abilities that are to be tested; second, the experimenter is assumed to have a viable paradigm with which the testing can be performed. Grey parrots had been shown to be capable of learning the kinds of symbolic tasks that most researchers agree are important prerequisites or co-requisites for complex cognitive and communicative skills. These findings suggest that a Grey would be a good choice for studies of more complex abilities-tasks that might, for example, involve capacities for categorization, relational concepts, and quantification.
Profiling patients to identify prospective donors.

If wealth screening and patient care must be mixed, they would be safer and more effective if guided by a policy developed with input from physicians.
Generating Recommendation Dialogs by Extracting Information from User Reviews

Recommendation dialog systems help users navigate e-commerce listings by asking questions about users’ preferences toward relevant domain attributes. We present a framework for generating and ranking fine-grained, highly relevant questions from user-generated reviews. We demonstrate our approach on a new dataset just released by Yelp, and release a new sentiment lexicon with 1329 adjectives for the restaurant domain.
Design, preparation, and study of catalytic gated baskets.

We report a diastereoselective synthetic method to obtain a family of catalytic molecular baskets containing a spacious cavity (∼570 A3). These supramolecular catalysts were envisioned, via the process of gating, to control the access of substrates to the embedded catalytic center and thereby modulate the outcome of chemical reactions. In particular, gated basket 1 comprises a porphyrin “floor” fused to four phthalimide “side walls” each carrying a revolving aromatic “gate”. With the assistance of 1H NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the small 1-methylimidazole guest (12, 94 A3) would coordinate to the interior while the larger 1,5-diadamantylimidazole guest (14, 361 A3) is relegated to the exterior of basket Zn(II)–1. Subsequently, we examined the epoxidation of differently sized and shaped alkenes 18–21 with catalytic baskets 12in–Mn(III)–1 and 14out–Mn(III)–1 in the presence of the sacrificial oxidant iodosylarene. The epoxidation of cis-stilbene occurred in the cavity of 14out–Mn(III)–...
American Managers' Personal Value Systems—Revisited

The article discusses a 1972 study which measured the magnitude and direction of the alteration of the personal value systems of decision makers and managers in the U.S. A Personal Value Questionna...
Stereotactic body radiation therapy of liver tumors: post-treatment appearances and evaluation of treatment response: a pictorial review

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a noninvasive treatment technique for selected patients with primary liver tumors and liver-confined oligometastatic disease. Recently, SBRT has emerged as an alternative treatment option in non-surgical candidates and in whom percutaneous treatment methods are not possible or contraindicated. The experience with SBRT continues to grow. There are currently no imaging guidelines for assessment of tumor response and follow-up schedule following SBRT. SBRT produces characteristic radiation-induced changes in the treated tumor and surrounding liver parenchyma. Knowledge of these changes is essential in the interpretation of follow-up imaging and assessment of treatment response. In this review, we will describe the CT, MRI, and PET imaging findings following SBRT of both the targeted liver tumor and surrounding hepatic parenchyma.
Determination of thiamine in urine

Objective:To establish a fluorescent method for the determination of thiamine in urine.Methods: The influencing factors of pretreatment for the determination of thiamine in urine such as direct measurement,acidolysis,enzymolysis were discussed.The investigation of thiamine nutritional level of several voluteers was proceeded by urine load experiment.Results: After acidolysis and enzymolysis,urine was oxidized by alkaline potassium ferricyanide and determined by fluorescent method.The recovery range was 73.5%～96.2%.Conclusion: The method can simultaneously determine the free and bound thiamine.It is accurate.It is reliable and suitable for the determination of thiamine in urine.
On the Evolution of "V 在 L" Structure

"V 在 L" structure has been reanalyzed since Han Dynasty. The "V 在 L" structure was rarely used before Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, but it was frequently employed in Song Dynasty, and it acquired its dominant position in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. The semantic function of " V 在 L" had changed from " reaching somewhere by motion, state emerging in or action occurring in some place" to "reaching somewhere by motion or state emerging in some place". The mechanism of the evolution of " V 在 L" includes superfluity of marks, analogy, renovation, iconicity, and so on.
Experimental therapy of sickle cell disease. Use of hydroxyurea.

Purpose Therapy of sickle cell disease with hydroxyurea is experimental. Patients and methods We have begun a randomized blinded clinical trial to determine its clinical utility. The efficacy of this drug is unproved and its risks, which include mutagenesis, teratogenesis and carcinogenesis, are poorly understood. These risks are explicitly stated in our consent forms. A significant number of patients who are asked to enroll refuse to enter the study. This refusal is probably because of individual variations in perception of risk and personal inconvenience, as well as differences in perception of personal benefit. We have a few hints as to which patients are more likely to produce increased amounts of fetal hemoglobin, but our findings do not indicate which patients are most likely to show a good clinical response. Results Our study group decided not to treat patients under 18 years of age with hydroxyurea until clinical efficacy of the drug is proved in adults. We have criteria for selecting patients for entry into our ongoing study, but the criteria are based more on study design than on an estimate of present or future severity of the manifestations of sickle cell disease. Conclusions Features of our previous study and results of the present trial may be helpful in defining indications for bone marrow transplantation in children with sickle cell disease.
Ureaplasma urealyticum causes hyperammonemia in an experimental immunocompromised murine model

Hyperammonemia syndrome is an often fatal complication of lung transplantation which has been recently associated with Ureaplasma infection. It has not been definitely established that Ureaplasma species can cause hyperammonemia. We established a novel immunocompromised murine model of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and used it to confirm that U. urealyticum can cause hyperammonemia. Male C3H mice were pharmacologically immunosuppressed with mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and oral prednisone for seven days, and then challenged intratracheally (IT) and/or intraperitoneally (IP) with 107 CFU U. urealyticum over six days, while continuing immunosuppression. Spent U. urealyticum-free U9 broth was used as a negative control, with uninfected immunocompetent mice, uninfected immunosuppressed mice, and infected immunocompetent mice serving as additional controls. Plasma ammonia concentrations were compared using Wilcoxon ranks sum tests. Plasma ammonia concentrations of immunosuppressed mice challenged IT/IP with spent U9 broth (n = 14) (range 155-330 μmol/L) were similar to those of normal mice (n = 5), uninfected immunosuppressed mice (n = 5), and U. urealyticum IT/IP challenged immunocompetent mice (n = 5) [range 99-340 μmol/L, p = 0.60]. However, immunosuppressed mice challenged with U. urealyticum IT/IP (n = 20) or IP (n = 15) had higher plasma ammonia concentrations (range 225-945 μmol/L and 276-687 μmol/L, respectively) than those challenged IT/IP with spent U9 broth (p<0.001). U. urealyticum administered IT/IP or IP causes hyperammonemia in mice pharmacologically immunosuppressed with a regimen similar to that administered to lung transplant recipients.
Utilizing clathrin triskelions as carriers for spatially controlled multi-protein display

The simultaneous and spatially controlled display of different proteins on nanocarriers is a desirable property not often achieved in practice. Here, we report the use of clathrin triskelions as a versatile platform for functional protein display. We hypothesized that site-specific molecular epitope recognition would allow for effective and ordered protein attachment to clathrin triskelions. Clathrin binding peptides (CBPs) were genetically fused to mCherry and green fluorescent protein (GFP), expressed, and loaded onto clathrin triskelions by site-specific binding. Attachment was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. mCherry fusion proteins modified with various CBPs displayed binding affinities between 470 nM and 287 μM for the clathrin triskelions. Simultaneous attachment of GFP-Wbox and mCherry-Cbox fusion constructs to the clathrin terminal domain was verified by Forster resonance energy transfer. The circulating half-lives, area under the curve, and the terminal half-lives of GFP and mCherry were significantly increased when attached to clathrin triskelions. Clathrin triskelion technology is useful for the development of versatile and multifunctional carriers for spatially controlled protein or peptide display with tremendous potential in nanotechnology, drug delivery, vaccine development, and targeted therapeutic applications.
Two-Sex Marriage Models

This chapter discusses the six types of two-sex marriage models identified in Table 6.1, in the order shown in that table. The harmonic mean solution to the two-sex problem is incorporated into the General Algorithm to specify and calculate each model, and a number of the features of two-sex marriage models are explored.
"But for the Grace of God There Go I": Justice Thomas and the Little Guy

This Essay, prepared for a NYU Journal of Law and Liberty symposium on “The Unknown Justice Thomas,” challenges the oft-repeated criticism that Justice Clarence Thomas’s opinions reflect a lack of empathy for the less fortunate. The Essay argues that, on the contrary, Justice Thomas’s opinions are replete with expressions of concern for the “little guy,” which are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted. The Essay explores three themes reflecting this concern in Thomas’s opinions.
SALL4 as a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis

In recent years, there has been substantial progress in our knowledge of the molecular pathways by which stem cell factor SALL4 regulates the embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties, developmental events, and human cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in the biology of SALL4 with a focus on its regulatory functions in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. In the normal hematopoietic system, expression of SALL4 is mainly enriched in the bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs), but is rapidly silenced following lineage differentiation. In hematopoietic malignancies, however, SALL4 expression is abnormally re-activated and linked with deteriorated disease status in patients. Further, SALL4 activation participates in the pathogenesis of tumor initiation and disease progression. Thus, a better understanding of SALL4's biologic functions and mechanisms will facilitate development of advanced targeted anti-leukemia approaches in future.
Longitudinal Monitoring of Skin Wounds In Vivo Using Label-free Multiphoton Microscopy

In vivo label-free multiphoton microscopy reveals differences in both an optical redox ratio of NADH and FAD, as well as fluorescence lifetime, between diabetic and non-diabetic wounds monitored longitudinally over 10 days.