cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived Hazard for Images Depicting before and during Consequences with Two Kinds of Prohibition Symbols

This research examined the connoted danger level for symbols varying on type of prohibition symbol and depictions showing before- or during-injury consequences. One prohibition symbol was a red circle with a diagonal slash intended to show that the depicted event within the circle should not be performed. A similar, but less commonly used, prohibition symbol is the red circle without the slash. In the present research, 96 participants evaluated a set of symbols on two risk perception scales. Eight of the symbols viewed were manipulated with respect to a base concept depicting before- or during-injury consequences and type of prohibition. The results showed the symbols depicting during-consequence (injury) events produced significantly higher ratings than images showing before-consequence events. Symbols with a circle-slash prohibition were rated higher than the circle-alone prohibition, but only for some of the images. Symbols with both the prohibition circle-slash and during-consequences image tended to ...
Cord blood amine oxidase activities relate to arousal and motor functioning in human newborns.

Abstract To examine relationships between amine oxidase activities and behavior prior to significant postnatal experience, umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 28 normal infants, and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered within 72 hours of birth. Infants with lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and/or lower plasma amine oxidase activity were more highly aroused, more motorically active and more difficult to console than those with higher MAO activity. These behavioral characteristics are remarkably similar to the more elaborate affective and social features which have previously been associated with MAO activity differences in adult humans and rhesus monkeys.
Submarine groundwater discharge to Tampa Bay: Nutrient fluxes and biogeochemistry of the coastal aquifer

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 104 (2007): 85-97, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2006.10.012.
Photoemission study of the growth and modification of the Al/Ta(110) interface

The Al/Ta(110) interface is studied as a function of Al coverage and temperature (300T1400 K) using photoemission. Valence-band and core-level data suggest that little or no atomic intermixing occurs at room temperature. An electronic state related to the hybridization of Ta 5d and Al 3sp states at the interface is seen at -1.3 eV binding energy. At about 4.6-monolayer-Al coverage, this interface state shifts \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.7 eV to higher binding energy. A change in the rate of attenuation of the Ta 4f core-level intensity at this Al coverage suggests that the Al overlayer grows in a different mode at higher coverage. Heating to 1010 K results in a reacted overlayer at temperatures consistent with the formation of ${\mathrm{TaAl}}_{3}$, and a careful examination of the photoemission data indicates that an aluminum-rich surface compound is formed. Further interdiffusion to form Ta-rich surface compounds occurs at higher temperatures.
Water uptake by plants: perspectives from stable isotope composition

Stable isotope studies of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of water within plants are providing new information on water sources, competitive interactions and water use patterns under natural conditions. Variation in the utilization of summer rain by aridland species and limited use of stream water by mature riparian trees are two examples of how stable isotope studies have modified our understanding of plant water relations. Analyses of xylem sap and tree rings have the potential of providing both short-term and long-term information on plant water use patterns.
Affleck-Dine cogenesis

We propose a novel framework in which the observed baryon and dark matter abundances are simultaneously generated via the Affleck-Dine mechanism. In its simplest realization, Affleck-Dine cogenesis is accomplished by a single superpotential operator and its $A$-term counterpart. These operators explicitly break $B\ensuremath{-}L$ and $X$, the dark matter number, to the diagonal $B\ensuremath{-}L+X$. In the early universe these operators stabilize supersymmetric flat directions carrying nonzero $B\ensuremath{-}L$ and $X$, and impart the requisite $CP$ violation for asymmetry generation. Because $B\ensuremath{-}L+X$ is preserved, the resulting $B\ensuremath{-}L$ and $X$ asymmetries are equal and opposite, though this precise relation may be relaxed if $B\ensuremath{-}L$ and $X$ are violated separately by additional operators. Our dark matter candidate is stabilized by $R$ parity and acquires an asymmetric abundance due to its nonzero $X$ number. For a dark matter mass of order a few GeV, one naturally obtains the observed ratio of energy densities today, ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{DM}}/{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{B}\ensuremath{\sim}5$. These theories typically predict macroscopic lifetimes for the lightest observable supersymmetric particle as it decays to the dark matter.
A survey of patient acceptability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during pregnancy

Objective Given the data that depression is common during pregnancy and that pregnant women prefer non-medication treatment options, we hypothesize repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be a treatment option. Given the novelty of TMS, we sought to assess whether patient acceptability would be a barrier to enrolling pregnant women in TMS studies.
Degree bounds-An invitation to postmodern invariant theory

Abstract This is an invitation to invariant theory of finite groups; a field where methods and results from a wide range of mathematics merge to form a new exciting blend. We use the particular problem of finding degree bounds to illustrate this.
Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson

I think [my grandchildren] will be proud of two things. What I did for the Negro and seeing it through in Vietnam for all of Asia. The Negro cost me 15 points in the polls and Vietnam cost me 20.Lyndon B. JohnsonWith tenacious regularity over the last two and a half decades the Gallup Poll has posed to its cross-section samples of the American public the following query, “Do you approve or disapprove of the way (the incumbent) is handling his job as President?” The responses to this curious question form an index known as “Presidential popularity.” According to Richard Neustadt, the index is “widely taken to approximate reality” in Washington and reports about its behavior are “very widely read” there, including, the quotation above would suggest, the highest circles.Plotted over time, the index forms probably the longest continuous trend line in polling history. This study seeks to analyze the behavior of this line for the period from the beginning of the Truman administration in 1945 to the end of the Johnson administration in January 1969 during which time the popularity question was asked some 300 times.Four variables are used as predictors of a President's popularity. These include a measure of the length of time the incumbent has been in office as well as variables which attempt to estimate the influence on his rating of major international events, economic slump and war. To assess the independent impact of each of these variables as they interact in association with Presidential popularity, multiple regression analysis is used as the basic analytic technique.
Equilibrium configuration and tensions of a flexible cable in a uniform flowfield.

Equilibrium configuration and tension of flexible cable in uniform flow field, considering tangential drag force and weight effects
Methyl Tin(IV) Derivatives of HOTeF5 and HN(SO2CF3)2: A Solution Multi-NMR Study and X-ray Crystal Structures of (CH3)2SnC1(OTeF5) and (CH3)3Sn(H2O)2N(SO2CF3)2

The new tin(IV) species (CH3)2SnCl(OTeF5) was prepared via either the solvolysis of (CH3)3SnCl in HOTeF5 or the reaction of (CH3)3SnCl with ClOTeF5. It was characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (CH3)2SnCl(OTeF5) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (a = 5.8204(8) A, b =10.782(1) A, c =15.493(2) A, β = 91.958(2)°, V = 971.7(2) A3, Z = 4). NMR spectroscopy of (CH3)3SnX, prepared from excess Sn(CH3)4 and HX (X = OTeF5 or N(SO2CF3)2), revealed a tetracoordinate tin environment using (CH3)3SnX as a neat liquid or in dichloromethane-d2 (CD2Cl2) solutions. In acetone-d6 and acetonitrile-d3 (CD3CN) solutions, the tin atom in (CH3)3SnOTeF5 was found to extend its coordination number to five by adding one solvent molecule. In the strong donor solvent DMSO, the SnOTeF5 bond is broken and the (CH3)3Sn(OS(CH3)2)2+ cation and the OTeF5- anion are formed. (CH3)3SnOTeF5 and (CH3)3SnN(SO2CF3)2 react differently with water. While the TeF bond...
Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia on polycrystalline Pt: A mathematical model of rate oscillations

Abstract The reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia over polycrystalline platinum has been seen to exhibit oscillatory reaction rates at reactor pressures between 0.2 and 1.0 torr, catalyst temperatures between 30 and 55°C, and feed gas compositions of NO between 60 and 80% v/v. In this paper we present a model of this reaction system with realistic reaction and reactor parameters, at the conditions mentioned above. It is shown that a precursor state in the adsorption of nitric oxide and slow adsorption and desorption of nitrogen (the product) yield a mathematical model that can predict several features of the oscillatory behaviour of the reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia reported previously. Our mathematical model of this system assumes no transport limitations, clean catalyst surface, morphologically unchanged platinum surface and constant catalyst temperature. The model we propose for this reaction system can also predict the steady state nitrogen and nitrous oxide formation rate expressions reported in the literature.
Evidence for sequence-specific conformational changes in DNA from the melting temperatures of DNA phosphorothioate derivatives

Analogs of alternating purine-pyrimidine DNA polymers such as poly(dA-dT)-poly(dA-dT) can be made with phosphorothioate groups in the DNA backbone. A phosphorothioate diester at the 5'-purine-pyrimidine-3' step causes a significant lowering of the polymer's melting temperature compared to a phosphorothioate diester at the 5'-pyrimidine-purine-3' step. This may occur because sulfur substitution increases anionic charge density in the DNA minor groove and 5'-purine-pyrimidine-3' steps narrow the minor groove. The ability to modulate charge density in the DNA backbone via sulfur substitution should prove useful in studies of sequence-dependent conformational changes in DNA.
Isolation of a Pseudomonas species from fish intestine that produces a protease active at low temperature

A psychrotrophic bacterium producing a protease active at low temperatures was isolated from fish intestine and identified as a Pseudomonas species. Optimum growth and protease-producing temperatures of this strain were 15 degrees C and 10 degrees C, respectively. The maximum temperature for proteolytic activity was 25 degrees C, an unusually low temperature.
The cardiac conduction system; electrophysiological studies during open heart surgery.

The recording of electrograms directly from the surface of the heart in situ has been a part of many standard experimental procedures for decades. However, it is only recently that electrograms have been recorded specifically from the atrioventricular conduction system of the heart in situ. Burchell et al1in 1953 accomplished this by using needle electrodes inserted through the epicardium. Similar recordings using needle electrodes were made in 1955 by Scher2and in 1957 by Durrer and Van Der Tweel.3Stuckey, Hoffman and associates4-10then demonstrated that electrograms could be recorded from the atrioventricular conduction system of the heart in situ by local application of electrodes to the endocardial surface. Electrograms recorded from the His bundle and bundle branches were identified by their appearance during the isoelectric portion of the PR interval of a simultaneously recorded ECG lead8(Fig 1). To obtain endocardial electrograms, they
Matrix inequalities and partial isometries that arise in x-ray crystallography

Abstract In x-ray crystallography, one needs to consider matrices of the form P = (X T X) M , where X ϵ R M × n has rows Xi. with 1 ⩽ i ⩽ M such that ¦X i .v¦ ⩾ c and ∥Xi.∥ = 1 for some given c ϵ (0, 1) and v ϵ R n. Using the theory of majorization, we give a short proof for some inequalities relating the eigenvalues of P−1 when P is invertible. Matrices X that minimize det P−1 or tr P−1 are constructed. These extend some results of Ortner and Krauter and confirm their conjecture on the subject.
DIHYDROXY-ACID DEHYDRATASE, A 4FE-4S CLUSTER-CONTAINING ENZYME IN ESCHERICHIA COLI : EFFECTS OF INTRACELLULAR SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ON ITS INACTIVATION BY OXIDANT STRESS

Abstract Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD) has a [4Fe-4S] cluster and is reported to be facilely inactivated by oxidant stress, To directly assess the biological effects in vivo of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the oxidant sensitivity of DHAD, we used an Escherichia coli K-12 parent strain (CGSC5073) and derived strains OB 1, OB 2, and OB 3 that lacked one of or both FeSOD and MnSOD, In the K-12 parent strain half the cellular DHAD activity was lost in 15 min at 0.8 atm oxygen, less than 10 μM aerobic nitrofurantoin, or about 5 μM aerobic paraquat (PQ) and in about 1 min at 10 μM aerobic PQ. Oxygen and metabolism were required for PQ to inactivate DHAD in cells; adding dithiothreitol to cell-free extracts did not restore DHAD activity. The K m was not appreciably changed for DHAD that was 50 and 70% inactivated in cells, respectively, by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and PQ, compared to cells in exponential, aerobic growth, Thus, active site oxidative impairment of individual enzyme molecules apparently was all-or-none. DHAD activity was greatly decreased when measured in extracts made from strains that lacked both SODs unless SOD was added to cell suspensions before extracts were made, DHAD was more sensitive in strains lacking both SODs than in the parent strain to inactivation by aerobic PQ and HBO, Anaerobic (compared to aerobic) growth increased DHAD specific activity by 20% or less in the parent strain and in strains OB 1 and OB 2 (lacking MnSOD and FeSOD, respectively); however, in strain OB 3 (lacking both SODs) DHAD was increased 60%. DHAD was partially inactivated by the oxidant stress of aerobic growth, but remained in a form detectable by DHAD antibody, and the ratio of active to inactive DHAD decreased greatly in cells lacking SOD. Thus, SOD helped maintain DHAD as an active holoenzyme and benefitted cells growing aerobically or when exposed to low levels of PQ.
Powering the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli with an external voltage source

Rotary motors of bacterial flagella are driven by ions that move across the cytoplasmic membrane down an electrochemical gradient. For Escherichia coli, the ions are protons, and the maximum work per unit charge that they can do is the protonmotive force. To test whether motor efficiency is limited by proton leakage or mechanical nonlinearities, we measured torque as a function of protonmotive force. Filamentous cells were drawn into micropipettes and energized with an external voltage source. Torque was proportional to protonmotive force up to -150 mV, twice the span accessible by earlier techniques. This is consistent with a mechanism in which a fixed number of protons, working at unit efficiency, carry the motor through each revolution. We also found that individual torque-generating elements inactivate at low potentials or potentials of reverse sign. When normal potentials are restored, they reactivate sequentially.
Understanding and reduction of defects on finished EUV masks

To reduce the risk of EUV lithography adaptation for the 32nm technology node in 2009, Intel has operated a EUV mask Pilot Line since early 2004. The Pilot Line integrates all the necessary process modules including common tool sets shared with current photomask production as well as EUV specific tools. This integrated endeavor ensures a comprehensive understanding of any issues, and development of solutions for the eventual fabrication of defect-free EUV masks. Two enabling modules for "defect-free" masks are pattern inspection and repair, which have been integrated into the Pilot Line. This is the first time we are able to look at real defects originated from multilayer blanks and patterning process on finished masks over entire mask area. In this paper, we describe our efforts in the qualification of DUV pattern inspection and electron beam mask repair tools for Pilot Line operation, including inspection tool sensitivity, defect classification and characterization, and defect repair. We will discuss the origins of each of the five classes of defects as seen by DUV pattern inspection tool on finished masks, and present solutions of eliminating and mitigating them.
On the Sensitivity of Wall Stresses in Diseased Arteries to Variable Material Properties

Accurate estimates of stress in an atherosclerotic lesion require knowledge of the material properties of its components (e.g., normal wall, fibrous plaque, calcified regions, lipid pools) that can only be approximated. This leads to considerable uncertainty in these computational predictions. A study was conducted to test the sensitivity of predicted levels of stress and strain to the parameter values of plaque used in finite element analysis. Results show that the stresses within the arterial wall, fibrous plaque, calcified plaque, and lipid pool have low sensitivities for variation in the elastic modulus. Even a +/- 50% variation in elastic modulus leads to less than a 10% change in stress at the site of rupture. Sensitivity to variations in elastic modulus is comparable between isotropic nonlinear, isotropic nonlinear with residual strains, and transversely isotropic linear models. Therefore, stress analysis may be used with confidence that uncertainty in the material properties generates relatively small errors in the prediction of wall stresses. Either isotropic nonlinear or anisotropic linear models provide useful estimates, however the predictions in regions of stress concentration (e.g., the site of rupture) are somewhat more sensitive to the specific model used, increasing by up to 30% from the isotropic nonlinear to orthotropic model in the present example. Changes resulting from the introduction of residual stresses are much smaller.
A role for hyaluronan in macrophage accumulation and collagen deposition after bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Elevated concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) are associated with the accumulation of macrophages in the lung after injury. We have investigated the role of HA in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to lung injury using the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats as a model. After bleomycin-induced lung injury, both HA content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and staining for HA in macrophages accumulating in injured areas of the lung were maximal at 4 d. Increased HA in BAL correlated with increased locomotion of isolated alveolar macrophages. HA-binding peptide was able to specifically block macrophage motility in vitro. Importantly, systemic administration of HA-binding peptide to rats before injury not only decreased alveolar macrophage motility and accumulation in the lung, but also reduced lung collagen α (I) messenger RNA and hydroxyproline contents. We propose a model in which HA plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and fibrotic consequences of acute lung injury.
Political Ambition and Legislative Behavior in the European Parliament

Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) typically follow one of two career paths, either advancing within the European Parliament itself or returning to higher offices in their home states. We argue that these different ambitions condition legislative behavior. Specifically, MEPs seeking domestic careers defect from group leadership votes more frequently and oppose legislation that expands the purview of supranational institutions. We show how individual, domestic-party, and national-level variables shape the careers available to MEPs and, in turn, their voting choices. To test the argument, we analyze MEPs’ roll-call voting behavior in the 5th session of the EP (1999–2004) using a random effects model that captures idiosyncrasies in voting behavior across both individual MEPs and specific roll-call votes.
Melt spinning of metallocene catalyzed polypropylenes. i. On-line measurements and their interpretation

The melt spinning of metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene resins was investigated. The details are presented for on-line studies performed on six miPP resins with melt flow rates (MFRs) between 10 and 100 and a Ziegler–Natta catalyzed isotactic polypropylene resin with a MFR of 35 for comparison. The on-line studies indicated that, as the molecular weight and polydispersity increased, crystallization occurred closer to the spinneret at higher crystallization temperatures and under lower spin line stresses. Further, as the spinning speed increased, crystallization occurred closer to the spinneret at higher crystallization temperatures because of increased stress in the spin line. These observations were interpreted in terms of an increased rate of crystallization caused by increased molecular orientation in the spin line with increasing molecular weight and increasing spinning speed. This “stress-enhanced” crystallization was further interpreted in terms of an increased rate of crystal nucleation. It was further concluded that the narrower molecular weight distribution of metallocene resins was the primary factor that produced differences in the structure and properties of fibers spun from these resins compared to those of Ziegler–Natta catalyzed resins of similar weight-average molecular weight or MFR. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3223–3236, 2001
Remittances in Pakistan - Why Have They Gone Up, and Why Aren’T They Coming Down?

The flow of workers’ remittances to Pakistan has more than quadrupled in the last eight years and it shows no sign of slowing down, despite the economic downturn in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and other important host countries for Pakistani workers. This paper analyses the forces that have driven remittance flows to Pakistan in recent years. The main conclusions are: (i) the growth in the inflow of workers’ remittances to Pakistan is in large part due to an increase in worker migration; (ii) higher skill levels of migrating workers have helped to boost remittances; (iii) other imporant determinants of remittances to Pakistan are agriculture output and the relative yield on investments in the host and home countries.
Characteristics of Different Thickness a-Si:H/Metal Schottky Barrier Cell Structures-Results and Analysis

Current-voltage, light I-V and internal quantum efficiency characteristics have been investigated in specular TCO/n{sup +} (a-Si:H)/i(a-Si:H)/Nickel Schottky barrier cell structures with protocrystalline intrinsic layers. The studies were carried out on structures with different thickness i layers after a degraded steady state had been reached with AM1.5 illumination at 27 C. These characteristics were modeled using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) and a gap state distribution, which includes charged defects, used in the analysis of results of detailed studies on thin films. Fits are obtained to these characteristics for the different thickness cell structures using the same parameters as those used to fit the results on the corresponding intrinsic thin films. The results obtained from this study offer an approach to more reliable modeling of solar cells at their end of life.
Effects of hypothalamic knife cuts on feeding induced by paraventricular norepinephrine injections

The relationship between the fiber systems involved in the hypothalamic noradrenergic feeding response and the medial hypothalamic (MH) hyperphagia syndrome was appraised in male rats using knife cuts. Parasagittal knife cuts in the perifornical hypothalamus produced hyperphagia and excessive weight gain but failed to disrupt feeding in response to paraventricular hypothalamic injections of norepinephrine (NE). Coronal knife cuts in the posterior hypothalamus which extended from the midline to the lateral perifornical region also failed to disrupt NE feeding. These findings indicate that the output of the noradrenergic feeding system does not follow the feeding pathway implicated in the MH hyperphagia syndrome. They also suggest that the output of the noradrenergic feeding system is not directed laterally beyond the level of the fornix nor caudally into the lower brainstem over the medial forebrain bundle.
Analysis in space-time bundles. III. Higher spin bundles

The universal cosmos M is the unique four-dimensional globally causal space-time manifold to which the Dirac and Maxwell equations (among others) maximally and covariantly extend. A systematic treatment is presented of general fields over M, of arbitrary spin; considered are fields induced from all irreducible representation of the isotropy group (scale-extended Poincare group) to G, the connected causal group of M. Restricted to any species of such fields, the K-invariant canonical Dirac operator (K = maximal essentially compact subgroup of G) is shown G-covariant for a unique conformal weight. A normalized K-finite basis for such fields is constructed. The basis actions thereon of the Dirac operator, infinitesimal generators of G, discrete symmetries, second-order Casimir, and the essentially unique third-order noncentral quantum number (enveloping algebra element) invariant under K are derived. Composition series under G of a class of these field spaces—namely, the extension to M of the relativistic fields considered by Bargman and Wigner, or arbitrary spin and conformal weight—are determined, distinguishing by invariance and causality features alone the essentially conventional positive-energy mass 0 subspaces and massive invariant sub-quotient spaces, whose unitarity under G is given a new proof. The “completely positive” subclass (cf. below) of representations is determined. A more detailed treatment of spin one bundles (vector and two-form, of arbitrary conformal weight) is included; the exterior derivative transformations are diagonalized, and the conformally invariant massive spin one scalar product is identified with a mathematical version of the conventional electromagnetic field Lagrangian.
A computer analysis of pulmonary function in surgical patients.

Abstract A small analogue computer for studying the mechanics of ventilation in preoperative and postoperative patients has been designed. We found that more air was moved per minute and that respiratory rate was increased in the postoperative period. Most important was the finding that the increase in work per minute was proportionately greater than the amount of air moved. This finding implies an inherent decrease in efficiency with increased ventilation and airway obstruction or increased stiffness of the lungs postoperatively. There was a decrease in dynamic compliance but tidal volume remained unchanged during the postoperative period, emphasizing the importance of changes in compliance and work/ventilation ratio. In patients who developed respiratory difficulties postoperatively, a high work/ventilation ratio was noted preoperatively; these values rose to very high levels during the immediate postoperative period.
Numerical simulation of flames as gas-dynamic discontinuities

The dynamics of thin premixed flames is computationally studied within the context of a hydrodynamic theory. A level-set method is used to track down the flame, which is treated as a free-boundary interface. The flow field is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, with different densities for the burnt and unburnt gases, supplemented by singular source terms that properly account for thermal expansion effects. The numerical scheme has been tested on several benchmark problems and was shown to be stable and accurate. In particular, the propagation of a planar flame front and the dynamics of hydrodynamically unstable flames were successfully simulated. This includes recovering the planar front in narrow domains, the Darrieus–Landau linear growth rate for long waves of small amplitude, and the nonlinear development of cusp-like structures predicted by the Michelson–Sivashinsky equation for a small density change. The stationary flame of a Bunsen burner with uniform and parabolic outlet flow...
Old Advice for New Researchers

In this paper, I offer advice to new researchers on how to conduct a successful research project in educational psychology. I break the research task into three parts: creating a research question, creating a research methodology, and creating a dissemination plan. The criteria for creating a research question include personal interest, educational relevance, theoretical grounding, and empirical testability. The criteria for creating a research methodology include that the method provides relevant evidence, is feasible, and is as simple as possible. The criteria for creating a dissemination plan include basing your argument on research evidence, presenting your argument in coherent style that links your main findings with theoretical and practical implications, and seeking the best possible peer-reviewed publication venue.
The Effect of an Inert Oxide Particle Dispersion on the Morphology of Martensite in Fe-27Ni-0.025C Alloys

A series of dispersion strengthened Fe-Ni alloys has been prepared by powder metallurgical techniques. This series was designed to permit evaluation of the relative effects of Ms temperature, chemical driving force, and austenite yield strength on resultant martensite morphology without altering matrix chemistry. Using a carefully selected lath-forming Fe-27Ni-.025C base alloy, incremental additions of an inert oxide dispersion resulted in a decrease in Ms temperature, an increase in the thermodynamic driving force at Ms, and an increase in the austenite yield strength at Ms to values beyond those previously associated with the lath-to-plate morphology transition. As the Ms temperature dropped below about 0 °C, martensite morphology shifted from lath to an intermediate “twinned lath” to plate, while holding constant both matrix chemistry and thermal history. Previous correlations of thermodynamic driving force and austenite yield strength with martensite morphology have been shown to break down. It is concluded that the observed transition from lath to plate martensite in the present alloy series was induced primarily by the depression of Ms temperature into the plate-forming temperature regime of the Fe-Ni system.
Analogue reaction systems of selenate reductase.

Analogue reaction systems of selenate reductase, which reduces substrate in the overall enzymatic reaction SeO42- + 2H+ + 2e- → SeO32- + H2O, have been developed using bis(dithiolene) complexes of ...
ac Josephson Effect in a Single Quantum Channel.

We have calculated all the components of the current in a short one-dimensional channel between two superconductors for arbitrary voltages and transparencies $D$ of the channel. We demonstrate that in the ballistic limit ( $D\ensuremath{\simeq}1$) the crossover between the quasistationary evolution of the Josephson phase difference $\ensuremath{\phi}$ at small voltages and transport by multiple Andreev reflections at larger voltages can be described as the Landau-Zener transition induced by finite reflection in the channel. For perfect transmission and vanishing energy relaxation rates the stationary current-phase relation is never recovered, and $I(\ensuremath{\phi}){\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}I}_{c}\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{sin}\ensuremath{\phi}/2\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{sgn}V$ for arbitrary small voltages.
Profiling of ponds and bogs using ground-penetrating radar

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic technique that has shown particular promise in profiling bogs and freshwater ponds. GPR systems operate in a manner similar to sonar (acoustic) methods, and can complement or be used in place of sonar. GPR pulses can penetrate through shallow fresh water and into bottom sediments, providing detailed information about sediment stratigraphy, obstructions, and depth to bedrock. Peat thickness in bogs can also be readily obtained using a GPR survey. The ability to accurately determine depths in ponds, lakes, and bogs prior to coring is extremely useful for investigations in palynology. By allowing one to ‘see’ into and obtain configuration and thickness of bottom sediments, GPR surveys permit placement of a core where it will yield optimum information. Where bog or water surfaces are frozen, GPR scans can be run directly over the ice.
The formation of metal and “co-pigment” complexes of cyanidin 3-glucoside

Abstract Quercitrin, chlorogenic acid, and methyl gallate have no measurable effect on the color, spectra, or stability of cyanidin 3-glucoside in aq. solutions at pH 3–6·5. In acetate buffer solutions (pH 5·45) containing aluminum salts, however, quercitrin and chlorogenic acid form highly colored co-ordination complexes with the anthocyanin (anhydro base). The chlorogenic acid complex is blue and insoluble in water. In these properties it distinctly differs from the cerise aluminum chelate of cyanidin 3-glucoside which forms in the absence of chlorogenic acid or other co-pigments. The formation of these co-pigment-aluminum-anthocyanin complexes depends not only on pH but also on the type of organic acids which constitute the buffering system. Thus, complexes do not form in citrate buffers at pH 5·45, since citric acid itself preferentially complexes with the metal and thus makes it unavailable for reaction with the co-pigment and anthocyanin.
Optimal smoothing of three-dimensional head scan data by cross validation

Regularization theory, first developed to solve edge detection problems in computer vision, has been studied in this research in an attempt to obtain an optimal scale for Gaussian filter in smoothing head range data. In regularization theory, both accuracy and smoothness of the resultant data is considered. Based on regularization theory, Generalized Cross Validation is derived for 2D head range data smoothing. Preliminary results have shown it to be an efficient way to obtain an optimal scale of Gaussian filters according to the specific head range data.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of additives on the release of a model protein from PLGA microspheres.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 additives, poly(ethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 and 1,2,3-tridecanoyl glycerol (tricaprin), on the physico-chemical characteristics and in vitro release of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), form poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. BSA-loaded microspheres were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Additives were incorporated into microspheres to modify the release of protein. The addition of PEG 1000 and tricaprin changed the surface characteristics of microspheres from smooth and nonporous to porous and dimpled, respectively. The in vitro release profiles showed that the additives significantly (P<0.05) increased the early-stage release of BSA from microspheres.
From RS-232 to object request brokers: incremental object-oriented networking projects

Selecting an appropriate set of laboratory experiences and projects for a Data Communications and Computer Networks course can be difficult due to the broad and deep nature of the topics. Emphasis may be placed on many networking aspects including design, evaluation, efficiency, security, protocols, tools, and applications. This paper presents a set of projects that attempt to integrate software engineering and systems administration topics. The projects emphasize network application programming. Particular attention will be given to a sequence of incremental projects using an object-oriented approach including the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and a design pattern.
RICE FIELDS AS TEMPORARY WETLANDS: A REVIEW

Rice fields are temporary wetlands that harbor many of the same species that breed in natural temporary ponds. Therefore the rice agroecosystem has the potential to help sustain the regional biodiversity of many invertebrates and vertebrates. Like natural areas of wetlands, rice cultivation provides a habitat mosaic of temporary and more permanent waters. Because of their low floral diversity and because their species composition will rarely overlap completely with that of natural ponds, rice fields are not substitutes for natural temporary ponds. However, they are important in sustaining populations of several species, including wading birds and frogs. Farming methods vary widely, and different practices can alter the suitability of rice fields as habitats. Farmers use water management, pesticides, and sometimes fish to control crop pests and mosquitoes, and other taxa may be affected as well. Farmers may irrigate rice intermittently to control pests, and intermittent habitat holds fewer species than are...
Capture and identification of folding intermediates of cystinyl proteins by cyanylation and mass spectrometry

Abstract Trapping folding intermediates of cystinyl proteins by covalent modification of free sulfhydryl groups provides the opportunity for isolation, purification, and structural elucidation of individual species. The disulfide structure of the intermediates, coupled with their temporal abundance, provides a ’snapshot’ of the pathway experienced by the refolding protein in a particular medium. Here, intermediates of cystinyl proteins containing free cysteines are trapped by cyanylation through reaction with an acidic (pH 3.0) solution of 1-cyano-4-dimethylamino-pyridinium (CDAP) tetrafluoroborate. The cyanylated species are separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, where the resulting chromatogram gives a visual indication of the distribution of intermediates at a designated time after commencing the refolding process. The disulfide structure of an intermediate can be determined by cleaving its cyanylated derivative and by mass mapping of the resulting fragments to the sequence of the original protein. Cleavage of a cyanylated species represented by any given peak in the chromatogram is achieved by treatment of that fraction with 1M NH 4 OH at room temperature for 1 h; the resulting fragments are analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) or electrospray mass spectrometry. Examples will be presented from in vitro refolding experiments with human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), for which more than 10 folding intermediates were isolated and identified at different time points, and a mutant of insulin-like growth factor-I, for which three intermediates were isolated and identified. © 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.
Polarization Potentials for Low-Energy Scattering: e + -H and e − -Li

Polarization-potential calculations are given for positron scattering by hydrogen and for electron scattering by lithium. The potentials are obtained in the adiabatic approximation by a simple variational calculation of the energy of the disturbed atom. This approach is more general than perturbation theory and is valid even for the large interactions typical of the alkali elements. The $l=0$ phase shifts are calculated for positron-hydrogen scattering with differing numbers of excited states included in the coupling. First, only the $2p$ state is considered, next, all $p$ states, and finally all $p$ states plus the $2s$ state. Phase shifts and cross sections of five partial waves ($l=0$ to $l=4$) are calculated for the lithium problem when the interaction of the first excited state ($2p$) is considered. This accounts for all of the experimentally observed polarizability. Comparison with close-coupling results in both cases shows the present method to be of similar accuracy when coupling with the same excited states is included. The adiabatic approximation, inherent in the polarization potential, is therefore not a serious limitation and the method can be used with confidence for more complex atoms.
A Surveillance Pathway Monitors the Fitness of the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Control Its Inheritance

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in the production of lipids and secretory proteins. Because the ER cannot be generated de novo, it must be faithfully transmitted or divided at each cell division. Little is known of how cells monitor the functionality of the ER during the cell cycle or how this regulates inheritance. We report here that ER stress in S. cerevisiae activates the MAP kinase Slt2 in a new ER stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway, independent of the unfolded protein response. Upon ER stress, ERSU alters the septin complex to delay ER inheritance and cytokinesis. In the absence of Slt2 kinase, the stressed ER is transmitted to the daughter cell, causing the death of both mother and daughter cells. Furthermore, Slt2 is activated via the cell surface receptor Wsc1 by a previously undescribed mechanism. We conclude that the ERSU pathway ensures inheritance of a functional ER.
Dropwise Additive Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Products for Solvent-Based Dosage Forms

In recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration has encouraged pharmaceutical companies to develop more innovative and efficient manufacturing methods with improved online monitoring and control. Mini-manufacturing of medicine is one such method enabling the creation of individualized product forms for each patient. This work presents dropwise additive manufacturing of pharmaceutical products (DAMPP), an automated, controlled mini-manufacturing method that deposits active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) directly onto edible substrates using drop-on-demand (DoD) inkjet printing technology. The use of DoD technology allows for precise control over the material properties, drug solid state form, drop size, and drop dynamics and can be beneficial in the creation of high-potency drug forms, combination drugs with multiple APIs or individualized medicine products tailored to a specific patient. In this work, DAMPP was used to create dosage forms from solvent-based formulations consisting of API, polymer, and solvent carrier. The forms were then analyzed to determine the reproducibility of creating an on-target dosage form, the morphology of the API of the final form and the dissolution behavior of the drug over time. DAMPP is found to be a viable alternative to traditional mass-manufacturing methods for solvent-based oral dosage forms.
A Micromethod for the Determination of Clonazepam in Serum by Electron-Capture Gas-Liquid Chromatography

An electron-capture GLC procedure for clonazepom Is presented using methyl-clonazepam as Internal standard. The method Involves extracting 1001 buffered serum with benzene:ethyl acetate containing the reference compound. Residue from the extract Is reconstituted with 20 I solvent and an aliquot is Injected into the gas chromatograph without derivatlzation. Results from 328 determinations Indicate a need for monitoring this antleplleptlc drug.
An Anisotropic Biphasic Theory of Tissue-Equivalent Mechanics: The Interplay Among Cell Traction, Fibrillar Network Deformation, Fibril Alignment, and Cell Contact Guidance

We present a general mathematical theory for the mechanical interplay in tissue-equivalents (cell-populated collagen gels): Cell traction leads to compaction of the fibrillar collagen network, which for certain conditions such as a mechanical constraint or inhomogeneous cell distribution, can result in inhomogeneous compaction and consequently fibril alignment, leading to cell contact guidance, which affects the subsequent compaction. The theory accounts for the intrinsically biphasic nature of collagen gel, which is comprised of collagen network and interstitial solution. The theory also accounts for fibril alignment due to inhomogeneous network deformation, that is, anisotropic strain, and for cell alignment in response to fibril alignment. Cell alignment results in anisotropic migration and traction, as modeled by a cell orientation tensor that is a function of a fiber orientation tensor, which is defined by the network deformation tensor. Models for a variety of tissue-equivalents are shown to predict qualitatively the alignment that arises due to inhomogeneous compaction driven by cell traction.
STUDIES ON LYMPHOID ACTIVITY : VI. IMMUNITY TO TRANSPLANTED CANCER INDUCED BY INJECTION OF OLIVE OIL.

The experiments reported in this paper show that it is possible to render mice resistant to transplanted cancer by injections of a suitable quantity of olive oil. In the course of the development of the resistance a definite period of latency is detectable following the oil injection, and the maximum degree of resistance appears at about the 10th day. This state of resistance, as has been determined by histological studies, is preceded by a proliferation of the cells of the lymphoid germ centers and, after the cancer inoculation, is associated with a lymphoid infiltration about the grafts, as well as by a second stimulation of the lymphoid germ centers and an increase in the number of the circulating lymphocytes.
Critical Legal Theorizing, Rhetorical Intersectionalities, and the Multiple Transgressions of the “Tragic Mulatta,” Anastasie Desarzant

This essay provides a critical legal analysis of Anastasie Desarzant's defamation case. The author argues that the use of an intersectional approach to legal discourse allows scholars to see how race, class, and gender issues influenced the social construction of the “tragic mulatta” in key Louisiana judicial contests. While the essay acknowledges that many contemporary and historical audiences have remembered “Toucoutou's” (Desarzant's) racial transgressions, they have forgotten about how some of her neighbors rallied to her cause in the late 1850s.
Sparkover in Mixtures of Air and Water Vapor

Tests at 100°C, where large amounts of water vapor can be present in air, indicate that the effect of water vapor on sparking voltage depends on the type of sparking. In the relatively uniform field between sphere gaps the sparking voltage is found to increase by about 6 percent when the water vapor content of air is increased from 0 to 5 percent by volume. However this sparking voltage increases by only an additional 5 percent (to 11 percent) when the water vapor content is increased from 5 to 25 percent. However sparkover voltage of a one-inch gap in a non-uniform field and resulting from successive pulsed discharges shows a slighty smaller increase (5 percent) when the water vapor content is increased from 0 to 5 percent but doubles when the water vapor content is increased from 5 to 25 percent.