cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Destiny Is Now

Dr Guccione has served as Senior Vice President, Division of Practice and Research, for the American Physical Therapy Association. He was Director of Physical Therapy Services for Massachusetts General Hospital and spent 11 years with the Boston University Multipurpose Arthritis Center as part of the Health Services Research Unit. His research interests are in geriatrics, health status measurement, and functional outcomes after rehabilitation. In addition to authoring or co-authoring more than 20 articles in peer-reviewed journals, he has received grant funding from the Arthritis Foundation and was the recipient of a Special Emphasis Research Career Award from the National Institute on Aging. His clinical practice has centered mainly on geriatrics and musculoskeletal impairment in older adults. He is the editor of a textbook on geriatric physical therapy, now preparing its third edition. Dr Guccione received his PhD in sociology and a Certificate in Gerontological Studies from Boston University. He also holds a master's degree in philosophy from Temple University and a master's degree in physical therapy from Boston University. He was graduated from Boston College with an AB cum laude in English and philosophy. During his career, he has held faculty-level appointments at Sargent College, Boston University; Boston University School of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; MGH Institute of Health Professions; and George Washington University. Concomitant with his professional development, Dr Guccione became a student member of APTA in 1977. He currently is the chief delegate for the District of Columbia. An active member of the Massachusetts Chapter for 20 years, he was, at various times, chapter newsletter editor, chair of the Eastern District, delegate, and chief delegate. Since 1980, he has participated as a delegate or attended as APTA staff every House of Delegates session except for two. His contributions to the Massachusetts Chapter earned him its Mary MacDonald Service …
Digital Step Edges from Zero Crossing of Second Directional Derivatives

We use the facet model to accomplish step edge detection. The essence of the facet model is that any analysis made on the basis of the pixel values in some neighborhood has its final authoritative interpretation relative to the underlying gray tone intensity surface of which the neighborhood pixel values are observed noisy samples. With regard to edge detection, we define an edge to occur in a pixel if and only if there is some point in the pixel's area having a negatively sloped zero crossing of the second directional derivative taken in the direction of a nonzero gradient at the pixel's center. Thus, to determine whether or not a pixel should be marked as a step edge pixel, its underlying gray tone intensity surface must be estimated on the basis of the pixels in its neighborhood. For this, we use a functional form consisting of a linear combination of the tensor products of discrete orthogonal polynomials of up to degree three. The appropriate directional derivatives are easily computed from this kind of a function. Upon comparing the performance of this zero crossing of second directional derivative operator with the Prewitt gradient operator and the Marr-Hildreth zero crossing of the Laplacian operator, we find that it is the best performer; next is the Prewitt gradient operator. The Marr-Hildreth zero crossing of the Laplacian operator performs the worst.
Triangulation and Mixed Methods Designs: Practicing What We Preach in the Evaluation of an Israel Experience Educational Program:

This article clarifies the role of triangulation in mixed methods research designs. Triangulation is used to describe “severe” statistical tests of correlation between alternative quantitative measurements and is employed to test the accuracy of those measurements. In contrast, the broader concept of mixed methods describes the integration of diverse qualitative and quantitative approaches and is employed to build theory. The concepts are developed and demonstrated in relation to a complex field study that evaluated an Israel experience educational program.
Predicted Shifts in Small Mammal Distributions and Biodiversity in the Altered Future Environment of Alaska: An Open Access Data and Machine Learning Perspective

Climate change is acting to reallocate biomes, shift the distribution of species, and alter community assemblages in Alaska. Predictions regarding how these changes will affect the biodiversity and interspecific relationships of small mammals are necessary to pro-actively inform conservation planning. We used a set of online occurrence records and machine learning methods to create bioclimatic envelope models for 17 species of small mammals (rodents and shrews) across Alaska. Models formed the basis for sets of species-specific distribution maps for 2010 and were projected forward using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) A2 scenario to predict distributions of the same species for 2100. We found that distributions of cold-climate, northern, and interior small mammal species experienced large decreases in area while shifting northward, upward in elevation, and inland across the state. In contrast, many southern and continental species expanded throughout Alaska, and also moved down-slope and toward the coast. Statewide community assemblages remained constant for 15 of the 17 species, but distributional shifts resulted in novel species assemblages in several regions. Overall biodiversity patterns were similar for both time frames, but followed general species distribution movement trends. Biodiversity losses occurred in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Seward Peninsula while the Beaufort Coastal Plain and western Brooks Range experienced modest gains in species richness as distributions shifted to form novel assemblages. Quantitative species distribution and biodiversity change projections should help land managers to develop adaptive strategies for conserving dispersal corridors, small mammal biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality into the future.
Mild carbon monoxide exposure impairs the developing auditory system of the rat

The object of this study was to determine if chronic exposure to mild concentrations of CO in air caused changes in the integrity of the inferior colliculus during the most active period of synaptogenesis/auditory development. We examined all subregions of the inferior colliculus (IC) of rats by immunocytochemical approaches after pups were exposed chronically to CO concentrations of, 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm in air starting at Day 8 through 20-22 days of age. Mother-reared pups were compared to the gastrostomy-reared pups with or without CO exposure for basal neural activity, using c-Fos immunoreactivity as a marker. Half the rats were examined at 27 days of age, 5 days after the end of CO exposure, and the other half were examined 50 days later at 75-77 days of age. In the central nucleus of the IC, the number of cells expressing a basal level of c-Fos was decreased significantly in the CO-exposed animals when compared to controls; however, there was little or no difference in the number of cells expressing c-Fos in the other subregions of the IC. We conclude that the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus is affected selectively by mild CO exposure (0.0012% in air) and that this reduction in neuronal activity persists into adulthood.
Constructing Personal Identities in Holiday Letters

A collection of holiday letters is analyzed using the grounded theory method to generate a matrix of relationships among descriptive categories and conceptual dimensions of this epistolary genre. The final step of the grounded theory protocol analyzes holiday letters as a genre of writing that conveys personal stories set within a bracketed period to achieve ongoing autobiographies. The narratives create positive identities for the writer and his or her intimates, and depict those autobiographies as progressing toward the good and the preferred in the dominant culture. Discussion focuses on the ways in which holiday letters manage the dialectics of contradictions between modernist sensibilities, desires, and selfhood, and the postmodern social conditions in which they are written.
A Seven-Transmembrane Domain Receptor Involved in Fusion and Entry of T-cell-tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strains

Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells requires binding to CD4 and fusion with a cellular membrane. Fusion does not occur in most nonhuman cells even when they express human CD4, indicating that one or more human accessory factors are required for virus infection. Recently, a seven-transmembrane domain protein has been shown to serve as an accessory factor for T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 isolates (Y. Feng, C. C. Broder, P. E. Kennedy, and E. A. Berger, Science 272:872-877, 1996). Here we show that expression of this glycoprotein, termed fusin, in murine, feline, simian, and quail cell lines, in conjunction with human CD4, rendered these cells fully permissive for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-mediated membrane fusion. Expression of CD4 or fusin alone did not permit fusion. In addition, introduction of fusin and CD4 into a human cell line, U87MG, that is resistant to HIV-1 induced syncytium formation and to infection by HIV-1 when expressing CD4 alone made this cell line permissive for Env-mediated cell-cell fusion. Fusion was observed only with T-tropic Env proteins. Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) Env proteins from the SF162, ADA, and Ba-L HIV-1 strains did not fuse with cells expressing fusin and CD4, suggesting that M-tropic viruses utilize an accessory molecule other than fusin. Finally, coexpression of fusin and CD4 made both a murine and feline cell line susceptible to virus infection by T-tropic, but not M-tropic, HIV-1 strains.
Split green fluorescent protein as a modular binding partner for protein crystallization.

A modular strategy for protein crystallization using split green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a crystallization partner is demonstrated. Insertion of a hairpin containing GFP β-­strands 10 and 11 into a surface loop of a target protein provides two chain crossings between the target and the reconstituted GFP compared with the single connection afforded by terminal GFP fusions. This strategy was tested by inserting this hairpin into a loop of another fluorescent protein, sfCherry. The crystal structure of the sfCherry-GFP(10–11) hairpin in complex with GFP(1–9) was determined at a resolution of 2.6 A. Analysis of the complex shows that the reconstituted GFP is attached to the target protein (sfCherry) in a structurally ordered way. This work opens the way to rapidly creating crystallization variants by reconstituting a target protein bearing the GFP(10–11) hairpin with a variety of GFP(1–9) mutants engineered for favorable crystallization.
Three dimensional echocardiography system for quantitative analysis of the left ventricle

The authors have previously reported two components of a methodology for acquiring and quantitatively analyzing three dimensional (3D) echocardiograms of the human heart. This report describes tools that they have developed to facilitate analysis of the left ventricle (LV), and to expand the applications of the technology to analysis of the right ventricle and mitral apparatus. Specifically the authors describe methods for 3D imaging, image analysis, surface reconstruction, and quantitative analysis of cardiac parameters. They also describe methods for facilitating these analyses and for adapting them to different clinical and research applications, such as measuring the relationship between different structures of the heart in 3D. The authors present clinical data to illustrate the applications of these technical innovations.
Wrist and Forearm Posture from Typing on Split and Vertically Inclined Computer Keyboards

A study was conducted on 90 experienced office workers to determine how commercially available alternative computer keyboards affected wrist and forearm posture. The alternative keyboards tested had the QWERTY layout of keys and were of three designs: split fixed angle, split adjustable angle, and vertically inclined (tilted or tented). When set up correctly, commercially available split keyboards reduced mean ulnar deviation of the right and left wrists from 12° to within 5° of a neutral position compared with a conventional keyboard. The finding that split keyboards place the wrist closer to a neutral posture in the radial/ulnar plane substantially reduces one occupational risk factor of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs): ulnar deviation of the wrist. Applications of this research include commercially available computer keyboard designs that typists can use and ergonomists can recommend to their clients in order to minimize wrist ulnar deviation from typing.
Psoriasis and occlusive vascular disease

To test the hypothesis that psoriasis is associated with an increased incidence of occlusive vascular disease (thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolization, and cerebrovascular accident), the clinical records of 323 psoriatic and 325 non-psoriatic patients admitted to the dermatology service of the Roger Williams General Hospital were examined. The data obtained in this study suggest that (1) the occurrence rate of occlusive vascular disease is significantly greater in the psoriatic than in the non-psoriatic dermatological patient. This is particularly true in the male population; (2) psoriasis predisposes to occlusive vascular disease; and (3) the psoriatic patient with certain predisposing factors is at greater risk of experiencing an occlusive vascular episode than both the non-predisposed psoriatic and the non-psoriatic dermatological patient.
Realistic multistress long term aging of 28kV polymeric insulators

While all materials age (and/or degrade) over time, high voltage outdoor polymeric insulators do more so since they are mostly organic materials that contain inorganic fillers. Long term (thousands of hours), multistress, accelerated aging of polymeric insulators in the laboratory under conditions simulating the actual stresses encountered in the field permits a better understanding of the ongoing mechanisms related to aging and life expectancy of these materials. This article presents the multistress aging studies of 28kV silicone rubber polymeric insulators under east and west coasts of USA.
Extension of an absolute vector error correction technique to wideband, high-frequency measurements

The authors have previously demonstrated how a transmitter (Tx), a reciprocal transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) signal path and two unidirectional receiver (Rx) paths can be used together with short, open and load standards for the absolute vector error correction (AVEC) of a Tx/Rx module. Once calibrated, this Tx/Rx module can then provide accurate vector measurements of the signals that are flowing into and/or out of the test port. In order to simplify the analysis, the AVEC technique was applied to a simplified baseband circuit that did not include frequency conversion mixers in a previous paper. Now, in this paper the authors first show how the AVEC technique can be extended to the vector calibration of high-frequency receivers that involve frequency conversion mixers. The authors then show how to calibrate a system that allows for wideband absolute phase relationship measurements of periodic modulated signals, provided that the same local oscillator is employed for the two down-conversion receivers, and different radio frequencies and intermediate frequencies are employed in these receivers. This novel AVEC technique is one of the key concepts in the design of a wideband absolute vector signal measurement system, which overcomes the limitations of traditional measurement instruments by combining the features of vector signal analysers, spectrum analysers and vector network analysers.
Privatizing Eastern European economies : a critical review and proposal

Two years after the Polish "Big Bang," privatization In Eastern Europe, the cornerstone of transition, has been progressing at a slow pace which frustrates many reformers in these countries. Notwithstanding the considerable growth of private firms from new entry, the relative number of privatized large firms and/or their share in the value added remain modest. The tardiness of the process has been aggravated by the poor performance of these economies, and this has led to calls for increased government Intervention which in turn may diminish the likelihood of privatization in the future. As a result, there is a growing realization that the speed of privatization needs to be increased in order to avoid the "transition trap": a situation where the economy is stuck with essentially unchanged overall structure of ownership and a corresponding lack of incentives.This paper reviews privatization plans as they have been implemented in several Eastern European countries ( i.e., Bulgaria,Czech and Slovak republics, the former East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Russia) and attempts to draw some lessons which may be useful for other transitional economies which are presently in earlier stages In the privatization process. We argue that programs which are not either highly centralized (as in the former East Germany) or highly decentralized (an approach which is as yet untried) cannot provide the speed to avoid the "transition trap." While the latest wave of new mass privatization plans, which emphasize vouchers and mutual funds, are often regarded as decentralized approaches we argue that this is not the case and that these plans may not succeed where previous approaches have failed.The lessons from the critical review are integrated into a specific privatization proposal which is flexible enough to be applicable to a wide range of countries and initial conditions. A country can choose the degree to which it wishes to pursue this approach from the almost complete reliance on It to using It as a complementary method to other forms of privatization. The approach has merits both from the perspective of short run and long run efficiency. In the short run, privatization is achieved quickly, and correct incentives are put into place so that the transitional economies can achieve a high level of productivity growth in the post-privatization years.
Review of Foot Plantar Pressure—Focus on the Development of Foot Ulcerations

There are many causes of plantar ulceration, which is a painful sore that occurs in the plantar tissue, common in cases of diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, obesity, and even high cholesterol. By way of perspective, approximately 15% of over 29.1 million diabetics in the U.S. will develop foot ulceration [1] and [2]. These causes could be diagnosed using multiple methods with reasonable accuracy; however, ulcers will still occur due to trauma to the plantar tissue. Measurement of the pressures within the plantar tissue has been suggested to be a suitable surrogate to the measurement of trauma; thus, many methods have been developed to measure the pressures and stresses in the plantar tissue. These methods – which include pressure mats, force platforms combined with fluoroscopy or footprint analysis as well as finite element modeling – describe the pressures and stresses that occur within the foot; however, they are limited in their analysis. The limitations include analysis of only the stance phase of gait, measurement of compression stress, and analysis of only healthy individuals. Further studies will be needed to meet the goal of measuring stress within plantar tissues from compression and shear forces during all phases of gait, and using the results to diagnose plantar ulcerations.
THE COMPONENTS OF WATER BALANCE

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the various avenues of water loss and gain as interrelated components of overall water balance in land arthropods and discusses possible areas for further research mainly at the whole animal level. Although water plays a prominent part in the abundance and distribution of arthropods, the relationships are complex and variable. Intake of water by drinking is physiologically controlled, but this is probably not true for metabolic water or the uptake of preformed water with food. Most ecological problems are concerned not with the short-term effects of ambient conditions on water balance but with their long-term effects on abundance and distribution. The effects of humidity on the rate of birth and the rate of death are examples of this kind of relationship, and for several reasons, the problems are tough. The challenge has existed ever since medical and agricultural entomologists recognized the relevance of water balance to some of their problems.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 6-2016. A 10-Year-Old Boy with Abdominal Cramping and Fevers.

A 10-year-old boy was seen in the gastroenterology clinic because of abdominal cramping and fevers. Abdominal imaging studies revealed circumferential thickening of a segment of the colonic wall and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Effects of purified product from trapa manshurica fler on apoptosis and cell cycle progression of tumor cells in vitro

Objective To observe the effects of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid dimmer (TAD) in different doses on apoptosis and cell cycle progression of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and explore its possible mechanism of inhibiting tumor growth.Methods The experiment was divided into 0,3.125,6.250,12.500 and 25.000 μg TAD groups. Apoptosis was observed with JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (TEM).The changes of apoptosis and cell cycle progression were measured with flow cytometry.Results The typical features of apoptosis were found in tumor cells,the nuclei were broken to pieces,mitochondrion cristae were disrupted and vacuoles were showed in nucleus and cytoplasm in 25.000 μg TAD group observed under TEM.Meantime,the apoptotic percentages of the cells treated with 3.125—25.000 μg TAD were increased significantly as compared with control group (P 0.001).And the percentages of G0/G1 phase cells treated with TAD were increased,it was significantly higher in 25.000 μg TAD group than that in control group(P 0.001);while the percentages of S phase cells treated with TAD were decreased,especially in 25.000 μg TAD group as compared with control group(P 0.05).Conclusion TAD could induce liver cancer SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis and G1 phase arrest.The inhibitory effect of TAD on tumor growth could be due to apoptosis caused by G1 phase arrest.
An educational intervention for hypertension management in older African Americans.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a telecommunications approach to hypertension education. Methods Participants (N = 83) were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Experimental group participants received spiritual and hypertension-related messages via programmed telephone calls, and the control group participants received spiritual messages only. Both the experimental and control group participants received the following: printed material on hypertension-related information and regular home visits from a health educator to conduct pre-test and post-test assessments of hypertension knowledge, pill counts, and blood pressure readings. Results There were no statistically significant improvements in hypertension knowledge. By week 4 of the intervention, there was a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for both groups. However, there were no differences between the experimental and control groups. Discussion There was no evidence that the telecommunications approach improved older African Americans' understanding of hypertension or its management.
Comparative ileal amino acid digestibility of distillers' grains for growing pigs.

The objective of the experiment reported here was to investigate and compare the amino acid (AA) digestibility of distillers' dried grains (DDG), distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS), high protein distillers' dried grains (HP-DDG), and high protein distillers' dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) in growing pigs. Five semi-purified diets consisting of DDG, DDGS, HP-DDG, HP-DDGS, and nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were fed to pigs fitted with simple T-cannula for 5 observations per diet. Endogenous losses of AA at the terminal ileum of pigs that received the NFD were used to calculate standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA from apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA. The AID of Lys in DDGS was lower (P < 0.05) than that in DDG, which was also lower (P < 0.05) than that in HP-DDG. There were no differences in AID of Met among DDG, DDGS and HP-DDGS, but was greater (P < 0.05) in HP-DDG than in DDG or DDGS. The AID of Thr in HP-DDG was greater (P < 0.05) than that in DDGS but not different from that in DDG or HP-DDGS. The branched-chain AA Ile and Leu had greater (P < 0.05) AID in HP-DDG than in DDG, DDGS or HP-DDGS, and there was no difference among DDG, DDGS, and HP-DDGS. The AID of Trp in DDG and DDGS or HP-DDG and HP-DDGS were not different, but the AID of Trp in HP-DDGS was greater (P < 0.05) than that of DDGS. The greatest SID of the indispensable AA was in HP-DDG. Except for Arg and Lys in which DDG had greater (P < 0.05) digestibility, there was no difference between DDG and DDGS in the SID of the indispensable AA. The SID of Lys in DDG was greater (P < 0.05) than that of DDGS but there was no difference between that of DDG and HP-DDGS. Only His, Ile, and Met had lower (P < 0.05) SID in HP-DDGS than HP-DDG within the indispensable AA. The SID of Ala, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gly, Ser and Tyr were lower (P < 0.05) in DDGS than in HP-DDG. There SID of dispensable AA in DDG was not different from that of HP-DDGS. The current study provided apparent and standardized ileal amino acids digestibility values for traditional and high-protein corn distillers' dried grains coproducts for use in formulating swine diets. Amino acid digestibility was generally higher in HP-DDG than in other tested co-products of the dry grind processing of corn for ethanol.
Maximal Operators and Morrey Spaces

We have already introduced the maximal operators M α f, 0 < α < n, in Section 3.3 and in Chapter 4 Recall
Medical management of pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

e18512 Background: The optimal medical management of pulmonary carcinoid tumors, which comprise 1-2% of all lung cancers, remains to be determined. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumors treated at our institution between 1990-present. Results: We identified 29 patients treated with chemotherapy, including 21 patients with metastatic disease (19 atypical, 2 typical), and 8 patients treated with adjuvant platinum-etoposide chemoradiation (6 atypical, 2 typical, 6 stage IIIA, 2 stage IIB). At an average follow-up of 12 months there were two recurrences in the 8 patients receiving adjuvant treatment, both of whom had atypical carcinoid (1 stage IIIA, 1 stage IIB). Of patients with metastatic disease, the principal sites of metastasis were the liver (70%), bone (40%), and brain (25%); median survival after diagnosis of metastatic disease was 3.8 y with a 5 y survival of 37%. Regimens showing efficacy in metastatic disease include octreotid...
Early versus late percutaneous revascularization in patients hospitalized with non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: The atherosclerosis risk in communities surveillance study.

Background: Current guidelines recommend early invasive intervention (<24 hours) for high risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A delayed invasive strategy (24-72 hours) is considered reasonable for low risk patients. The real-world effectiveness of this strategy is unknown. Methods: The ARIC Study has conducted hospital surveillance of acute myocardial infarction (MI) since 1987. NSTEMI was classified using a validated algorithm. We limited our study to patients undergoing early (<24 hours of the event onset), or late (≥24 hours) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were stratified into low (TIMI score 2-4), and high risk (TIMI score 5-7, or presence of cardiogenic shock, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest). Associations between early vs. late PCI and mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographics, hospitalization year, TIMI score, and comorbidities. Results: From 1987-2012, 6,746 patients were hospitalized with NSTEMI and underwent PCI. Most were white (79%), male (68%), with mean age 61 years. The 28-day and 1-year mortality were 2% and 5%, respectively. Most revascularizations (65%) were late. After accounting for potential confounders, early PCI was associated with a 58% reduced 28-day mortality (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21 – 0.84) for the entire population, and 57% reduced mortality (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21 – 0.88) for high risk patients. By 1-year of follow up, there was no significant difference in mortality with respect to early vs. late PCI. Conclusion: In hospitalized NSTEMI patients with high risk of clinical events, early PCI is associated with improved 28-day survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
IRI Achievement Award Address: Discovery of Superglue Shows Power of Pursuing the Unexplained

OVERVIEW:Cyanoacrylates are a unique chemical species that today is having a significant impact on a wide range of consumer and industrial applications, as well as promising to answer the surgeon's dream of a tissue adhesive and hemostatic agent for a wide range of surgical procedures. Its astonishing adhesive properties were discovered in 1951 when a ruined instrument in the research laboratories of the then Tennessee Eastman Company led to a flash of insight followed by inevitable years of innovation. The discovery serves as yet another reminder to be open-minded and curious enough to pursue unexplained results that may unlock new secrets and lead to future exciting discoveries.
Chiral Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using the Kinetic Method, by Polarimetry, and by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

The goal of this laboratory exercise was for students to understand the concept of chirality and how enantiomeric excess (ee) is experimentally determined using the analysis of ibuprofen as an example. Students determined the enantiomeric excess of the analyte by three different instrumental methods: mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and optical polarimetry. This laboratory exercise introduced mass spectrometry into the first-semester organic chemistry curriculum. Further, it allowed the students to compare and contrast the analytical figures of merit for each technique, a topic usually discussed later in chemistry courses. The ee resolution, sensitivity, limits of detection, and required sample preparation were considered. Furthermore, this laboratory experiment taught students how to use the kinetic method for chiral analysis by mass spectrometry, a new technique in a student laboratory exercise. Students’ knowledge of how to select the appropriate technique for enantiomeric ex...
Presidential research resources: A guide to online information

T his article highlights the breadth of freely available digital collections of presidential documents. These repositories are excellent resources for presidential, political science, history, and foreign relations research. From the resources listed in this article, librarians can choose multiple starting points for student and faculty research inquiries for primary and secondary sources that include handwritten documents by the founding fathers, interview transcriptions, digitized documents, and photographs, to name a few. This article does not contain public opinion, election, or media content sources, which are an important component of presidential research.
The Impact of Changing Values on the Family

New zealotry, a kind of nudism about moral principles, rather than the old ideals, is responsible for the decline of respect for the family
How Well Does Intraoperative Audiologic Monitoring Predict Hearing Outcome During Middle Fossa Vestibular Schwannoma Resection

Objective:To evaluate the association between signal changes during intraoperative audiologic monitoring and postoperative audiometric outcome in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Setting:Academic
Does Religion Stave Off the Grave? Religious Affiliation in One’s Obituary and Longevity:

Self-reported religious service attendance has been linked with longevity. However, previous work has largely relied on self-report data and volunteer samples. Here, mention of a religious affiliation in obituaries was analyzed as an alternative measure of religiosity. In two samples (N = 505 from Des Moines, IA, and N = 1,096 from 42 U.S. cities), the religiously affiliated lived 9.45 and 5.64 years longer, respectively, than the nonreligiously affiliated. Additionally, social integration and volunteerism partially mediated the religion–longevity relation. In Study 2, exploratory analyses suggested that the religion–longevity association was moderated by city-level religiosity and city-level personality. In cities with low levels of trait openness, the nonreligiously affiliated had reduced longevity in highly religious cities relative to less religious cities, consistent with the religion-as-social-value hypothesis. Conversely, in cities with high levels of openness, the opposite trend was observed, sugg...
Association Between Family History and Early-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Across Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Importance There is a genetic predisposition to early-onset atrial fibrillation (EOAF) in European American individuals. However, the role of family history in the pathogenesis of EOAF in racial and ethnic minorities remains unclear. Objective To determine whether probands with EOAF across racial and ethnic groups have a higher rate of AF in first-degree family members than racially and ethnically matched control patients with non–early-onset AF (non-EOAF). Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, patients prospectively enrolled in a clinical and genetic biorepository were administered baseline questionnaires that included questions about family history of AF. Early-onset AF was defined as AF occurring in probands aged 60 years or younger in the absence of structural heart disease. All other forms were categorized as non-EOAF. Recruitment took place from July 2015 to December 2017. Analysis was performed in January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary analysis of reported family history of AF in first-degree relatives with sensitivity analysis restricted to those in whom a family history was confirmed by medical record review and electrocardiogram. Results Of 664 patients enrolled (mean [SD] age, 62 [12] years; 407 [61%] male), 267 (40%) were European American; 258 (39%), African American; and 139 (21%), Hispanic/Latino. There was a family history of AF in 36 probands with EOAF (49%) compared with 128 patients with non-EOAF (22%) (difference, 27%; 95% CI, 14%-40%;P Conclusions and Relevance Probands of African or Hispanic/Latino descent with EOAF were more likely to have a first-degree relative with AF when compared with European American individuals. These findings support genetic predisposition to EOAF across all 3 races.
On the Modal Surrogacy of Joint Parameter Estimates in Bolted Joints

The Surrogate system hypothesis for jointed mechanics proposes that the influence of a jointed interface on an otherwise linear system is identical irrespective of the structural features of the so-called far-field linear structure. The implication, if the hypothesis finds support, is that the characterization of a joint in a single structural context can be used for developing predictive models of completely different structures, albeit with identical joint configurations. In critical applications such as aerospace, this can potentially lead to a more cost-effective design flow enabling tighter design optimization. In order to evaluate the hypothesis, the major influences on the nonlinear behavior of a jointed structure has to be delineated and studied individually as well as in combinations. Proceeding in the spirit of previous investigations where the effect of far-field structures and joint interface modeling approaches have been tackled, the current investigation studies the so-called “modal surrogacy” of a structural system. The investigation serves to understand the sufficiency of modeling the nonlinear behavior in lower modes to make high-modal nonlinear predictions. The Brake-Reus Beam (BRB), which is an assembly of two monolithic beams connected together using a bolted lap joint with three bolts, is used as a test specimen for the current investigations. Due to the presence of regions with zero static pre-stress in the interface, considerable separation combined with stick & slip has been numerically as well as experimentally observed. This leads to significant nonlinear effects in the response of the system and thus serves as a convenient benchmark for the current work.
Plasma deconvolution identifies broadly neutralizing antibodies associated with hepatitis C virus clearance

A vaccine for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is urgently needed. Development of broadly-neutralizing plasma antibodies during acute infection is associated with HCV clearance, but the viral epitopes of these plasma antibodies are unknown. Identification of these epitopes could define the specificity and function of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that should be induced by a vaccine. Here, we present development and application of a high-throughput method that deconvolutes polyclonal anti-HCV NAbs in plasma, delineating the epitope specificities of anti-HCV NAbs in acute infection plasma of forty-four humans with subsequent clearance or persistence of HCV. Remarkably, we identified multiple broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) combinations that were associated with greater plasma neutralizing breadth and with HCV clearance. These studies have potential to inform new strategies for vaccine development by identifying bNAb combinations in plasma associated with natural clearance of HCV, while also providing a high-throughput assay that could identify these responses after vaccination trials.
SU‐E‐T‐577: Dosimetric Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Step and Shoot and Sliding Window IMRT for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate treatment plans generated by Step‐and‐Shoot (SS), Sliding Window (SW) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in order to assess the differences in dose volume histograms of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR), conformity indices, radiobiological evaluations, normal tissue dose, and plan quality for prostate cancer cases. Methods: Ten prostate cancer patients treated in our center were selected for this retrospective study. Treatment plans were generated with Eclipse version 8.9 using 10 MV photon beams. For VMAT, Varian Rapid Arc with 1 or 2 arcs, and for SS and SW IMRT, 7ndash;9 coplanar fields were used. Each plan had three PTVs with prescription doses of 81, 59.4, and 45 Gy to prostate, to prostate and lymph nodes, and to pelvis, respectively. Doses to PTV, OAR, normal tissues, and the conformal indices (COIN) were compared among three techniques. The equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumor control probability (TCP), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were calculated and compared. Results: The average mean doses to the PTV prostate were 82.8 Gy and the average differences of mean dose among all techniques were below 0.3 Gy. For bladder and rectum, the percent differences of average mean dose among all techniques were below 2.2%, though high dose rectal volumes were reduced for VMAT. The COIN slightly favoured VMAT. The average TCP varied by less than 0.001%. The average NTCP for the rectum was 3.55%, 3.75% and 3.87% for VMAT, SS and SW, respectively, while the differences in the average NTCP for the bladder was negligible. The full body volumes receiving 20 to 30 Gy were reduced in VMAT treatments. Conclusion: Data indicates similar target coverage and OAR sparing in general. Additional patients will continue to be added to the study. Variation in normal tissue distribution was less than expected.
A Systematic Review of Somatic Symptoms in Women with Depression or Depressive Symptoms: Do Race or Ethnicity Matter?

Background: Racial and ethnic minority women in the United States have an elevated risk of depression or depressive symptoms compared with White women. There is evidence to suggest that these women are more likely to report somatic symptoms. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether there are racial and ethnic differences in somatization in women with depression or depressive symptoms. Materials and Methods: The study focused on peer-reviewed, English-written publications of adult women that compared two or more racial or ethnic women and used reliable measures. Quantitative studies conducted in the United States were considered. Articles were reviewed from March 2017 to April 2019, with no publication start date. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that African American women were more likely to endorse somatic symptoms compared with White women and, in one instance Hispanic/Latinas. Three of four studies found that Hispanic/Latinas were significantly more likely to endorse somatic symptoms compared with White women; one study found that White women were significantly more likely to report somatic symptoms than Hispanic women. Another study found that White women endorsed significantly higher somatic symptoms than Chinese American women. One study did not find significant differences. Conclusions: A pattern emerged with African American and Hispanic/Latina women with depression or depressive symptoms more likely to report somatic symptoms compared with White women. However, it is not clear whether differences were a function of culturally acceptable presentation of symptoms or if the stress of being depressed increased somatization in minority women. Future studies should assess how depression/depressive symptoms affect racial and ethnic minority women to identify mechanisms involved in increased somatization.
The Impact of Intergenerational Mobility on Msa Growth in the United States

This paper explores the relationship between economic growth and intergenerational mobility in the United States. Data from metropolitan statistical areas in the U.S. is used to examine how two measures of intergenerational mobility impact growth rates. More precisely, I examine how absolute income mobility and relative income mobility are related the growth rate of real gross metropolitan product (RGMP) from 2001 to 2011. I find that absolute mobility has a positive relationship with RGMP growth over the time period, and that relative mobility exhibits a negative relationship with RGMP. Results are found to be robust to two stage least squares estimation.
A 5-6 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier with > 65-dB Variable-Gain Control in 22nm FinFET CMOS Technology

This paper presents a 5-6 GHz fully-differential low-noise amplifier in 22-nm FinFET Low-Power CMOS technology. To achieve wide gain control, the three-stage LNA consists of a Tee-type RF attenuator and a current-steering variable-gain amplifier. Three-winding transformers are implemented for input and inter-stage matching to achieve simultaneous noise and power matching. The three-stage LNA provides 30.5-dB gain, 1.9-dB minimum noise figure, -29.2-dBm IP 1dB and -19.9-dBm IIP 3 at 5.7 GHz, and > 65-dB gain-control range with the total DC power consumption of 39 mW at 1-V supply voltage.
Adolescents’ Disclosure of Mental Illness to Parents: Preferences and Barriers

Adolescents with a diagnosable mental health disorder must often first disclose their mental health problems to a parent in order to obtain professional mental health treatment. The decision to dis...
Donepezil and cognitive remediation therapy to augment treatment of alcohol use disorder related mild cognitive impairment (AUD-MCI): An open label pilot study with historical controls.

Pharmacological and psychosocial interventions have only modest efficacy for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and continued alcohol use has brain effects on neurocognition, which place heavy drinkers at...
Transatlantic encounters in history of education: translations and trajectories from a German-American perspective

This collection originated in a conference at the University of Munster in 2018. It consists of a general introduction to the volume by Oberdorf, a thematic introduction on “The Transnational in th...
Classical spin dynamics based on SU (N ) coherent states

We introduce a classical limit of the dynamics of quantum spin systems based on coherent states of $\mathrm{SU}(N)$, where $N$ is the dimension of the local Hilbert space. This approach, which generalizes the well-known Landau-Lifshitz dynamics from SU(2) to $\mathrm{SU}(N)$, provides a better approximation to the exact quantum dynamics for a large class of realistic spin Hamiltonians, including $S\ensuremath{\ge}1$ systems with large single-ion anisotropy and weakly coupled multispin units, such as dimers or trimers. We illustrate this idea by comparing the spin structure factors of a single-ion $S=1$ model that are obtained with the SU(2) and SU(3) classical spin dynamics against the exact solution.
Modeling granular material dynamics and its two-way coupling with moving solid bodies using a continuum representation and the SPH method

Abstract We outline a continuum approach for treating discrete granular flows that holds across multiple scales: from experiments that focus on centimeter-size control volumes, to tests that involve landslides and large buildings. The time evolution of the continuum used to capture the granular dynamics is resolved in space via the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The interaction between the granular material and immersed rigid bodies is posed and solved as a “fluid”–solid interaction (FSI) problem using boundary conditions enforcing (BCE) SPH particles rigidly attached onto the boundary of the body interacting with the granular material. A new penetration-based particle shifting technique (PPST) is proposed to enforce the particle regularity and thus a stable simulation. Several numerical experiments (angle of repose, ball drop, and cone penetration) are carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The approach is subsequently demonstrated in conjunction with a 3D landslide simulation and a plowing operation. The approach discussed has been implemented and can be used in an open source simulation platform publicly available on GitHub. The implementation leverages GPU computing.
Fructose appetition in “taste-blind” P2X2/P2X3 double knockout mice

Inbred mouse strains differ in their postoral appetite stimulating response (appetition) to glucose and fructose. For example, C57BL/6J (B6) and FVB strains learn strong preferences for a flavor (CS+, e.g., cherry) paired with intragastric (IG) glucose infusions, but only FVB mice learned to prefer a CS+ paired with IG fructose infusions. Consistent with these findings, "tasteless" B6 knockout (KO) mice missing the taste signaling protein TRPM5 learn strong preferences for a CS+ added to glucose solution as well as for unflavored glucose but weak or no preferences for a fructose-paired CS+ or unflavored fructose. The present experiment reports that "tasteless" P2X2/P2X3 double-knockout (P2X2/3 DKO) mice, unlike TRPM5 KO mice, learned strong preferences for a CS+ mixed with fructose as well as for unflavored fructose. Whether differences in genetic backgrounds or other factors account for the fructose appetition displayed by P2X2/3 DKO mice but not TRPM5 KO mice remains to be determined.