cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Uncertainties in Architectural Design Elements on Potential Non -Commercial On -Orbit Satellite Servicing Markets

On -orbit satellite servicing is the process of providing a service to a satellite in orbit. Such services can be relocation, refueling, repair, or upgrades. Despite the vast majority of papers written on the topic, the problem with the development of on -orbit satellite serv icing is not technical . To resolve the issues with on orbit satellite servicing development their needs to be a shift from technical analysis to a value -based analysis. From a basic standpoint, t he purpose of on -orbit s ervicing is t o provide additional val ue to the operator of the satellite being serviced. Adopting this assumption, i f th e additional va lu e provided by on -orbit servicing is greater then the value of traditional satellite designs then servicing ma kes sense. By focus ing on value -based analysis, the operato r’s maximum servicing price can be found by determining the point at which the value of servicing is zero. Through adopting this approach this article will convey findings with regards to an operator’s maximum servicing price by walk ing through the case of a non -commercial satellite upgrade . In addition to explicitly determin ing the maximum servicing price for a particular scenario , sensitivity analysis will be perform ed o n the different characteristics of the example in order to understand how changes in the servicing case a ffect the operator ’s maximum servicing price. By understanding how to affect the maximum servicing price it can be determined what characteristics of satellite servicing provide the greatest potential for creating a feasible on -orbit servicing market. Finally, from the sensitivity analysis a satellite service provider can begin to understand the characteristics that should be emphasized in their servicer design , and potential servicing market , in order to create a feasible ser vicing market for non -commercial satellites.
The Correlation Between Predicted and Measured Patient Specific Analgesic Concentrations After Intravenous Titration: A Guide for Initial Maintenance Requirements with Methadone

The relationship between the analgesic methadone concentrations measured and those predicted using a pharmacokinetic approach were assessed in 22 patients referred for long-term management of severe pain with intravenous methadone. Five milligrams of methadone were administered IV every 10 minutes until the patient reported a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score of less than or equal to 2. Initial maintenance infusion rates were chosen based on the number of 5 mg doses required to produce satisfactory analgesia. Overall, the methadone concentrations predicted using pharmacokinetic modeling were in excellent agreement with those actually measured. Over 95% of the variance in the data was explained using this model (r2 = 0.9704). Using the rapid titration paradigm described here, one can obtain a reasonable estimate of patient specific analgesic (target) concentration as well as initial infusion requirements for methadone.
Quality Measurement as the Cornerstone of Respectable Research

Research studies, regardless of whether they are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methodology, are based upon data. These data represent things that have been measured, either objectively (eg, quantifying blood pressure estimates for individuals) or subjectively (eg, collecting an individual’s recall of their reaction to being diagnosed with a critical illness). These foundational data create the basis for statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, interpretation of themes, or development of theories about phenomena. As such, the measured data are the underpinning for research studies and are potentially the Achille’s heel of the studies. The term ‘‘GIGO’’ commonly refers to ‘‘garbage in, garbage out.’’ GIGO invokes a particularly salient point regarding measurement. Excellent measurement reduces ‘‘garbage’’ and increases the ability to discover truth in research. Poor measurement allows trash to creep into the foundation of research and can reverberate through studies, obscuring the discovery of truth. For example, a study of the pressure-reducing effects of various mattress overlays could not start until a measuring device to quantify pressures was devised. The researchers discovered that the standard device that had been used to measure pressures associated with different overlays showed no variation when used across various overlays, with individuals of differing weights, or when the device was stomped upon directly. The tool commonly used to measure pressures did not work and was producing garbage data. The researchers developed their own pressuremeasuring tool by using an intravenous bag as a diaphragm attached to a closed system using a transducer to measure pressure. They showed that this new tool actually registered different pressures when different weights were applied to it. Confident that they now had a new tool that actually responded to changes in pressure, they were able to address the real research question of interest: which overlay was best
The Effectiveness of Internet-Based Mindfulness Interventions for Physical and Mental Illnesses: A Narrative Review

The rapid growth of information technologies, such as the internet, smartphones, and videoconferencing has improved the access to mindfulness therapies, which focus on enhancing one's awareness of the present moment. This review paper attempts to provide an overall picture of the effectiveness of internet-based mindfulness therapies. After a brief introduction to the concept of mindfulness and a presentation of the literature search methods, this review focuses on the effectiveness of internet-based mindfulness therapies. Specifically, the review discusses the role of internet mindfulness therapies in the treatment of physical illnesses, such as chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, tinnitus, diabetes, and cardiovascular illness. Then, the applications of online mindfulness therapy to the treatment of mental illnesses, such as depression, stress, binge eating disorder, and suicidal ideation, are described. The review concludes with a discussion of potential future research directions.
Perceptual defense versus response suppression.

(1968). Perceptual Defense Versus Response Suppression. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 33-37.
NOx control in black liquor fuel gas combined cycles

The gasification of black liquor, followed by its use in gas turbine engines, is an emerging alternative to the direct firing of the liquor in Tomlinson recovery boilers. Many gasification systems, however, convert the fuel nitrogen present in the liquor into ammonia (NH3) in the fuel gas, which leads to unacceptable NOx emissions in gas turbine combustors.This work uses detailed chemical kinetic modeling to examine the influence of two combustor modifications for the control of NOx emissions from black liquor fuel gas combustion. Availability analysis is also used to evaluate the influence of these NOx control choices on the thermodynamic architecture of the overall system. A rich-quench-lean configuration makes use of air staging. An alternative is to use a hot, rich external precombustor to remove NH3 before the main combustor. Here, the external, rich stage operates at around 30% theoretical air. Adiabatic temperatures are too low to obtain good NH3 reduction, so recuperative heating is necessary.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Triangular wavelets: an isotropic image representation with hexagonal symmetry

This paper introduces triangular wavelets, which are two-dimensional nonseparable biorthogonal wavelets defined on the regular triangular lattice. The construction that we propose is a simple nonseparable extension of one-dimensional interpolating wavelets followed by a straightforward generalization. The resulting three oriented high-pass filters are symmetrically arranged on the lattice, while low-pass filters have hexagonal symmetry, thereby allowing an isotropic image processing in the sense that three detail components are distributed uniformly. Applying the triangular filter to images, we explore applications that truly benefit from the triangular wavelets in comparison with the conventional tensor product transforms.
Rigorous treatment of linear hydrogen bonded alcohol chains

Abstract Dynamic reversible equilibria established between unimeric alcohol molecules and linear open chains formed by linking the unimers through H-bonding were discussed in numerous papers summarized in Journal of Molecular Liquids, 1995, 64, 283. Confusion of terms, and misconceptions about the nature of the dynamic equilibria, led these authors to deny the validity of the Gibbs' thermodynamics and Bolzmann's distribution law, at least for these system. Instead some ill-defined time principle, referred to as the “nonergodic” rule, supposedly govern this equilibria. This note provides a correct treatment of the equilibria established in liquid alcohols, and rectifies the numerous errors and misconceptions of the authors of the above papers. In conclusion it is shown that the ill-conceived non-ergodic laws lacks any justification.
Measurement of relative atomic transition probabilities using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract A simple and straightforward technique has been developed to measure relative atomic transition probabilities ( A ji ) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). A ji values for Cu, Ag, Mn and Mo are calculated from absorption measurements in an air—acetylene flame using both line emission (AAL) and continuum excitation (AAC) sources. For Mn and Mo, large discrepancies for A ji are found between AAL and AAC, which may be attributed to hyperfine structure (hfs). For continuum source measurements the absorbance is independent of the absorption line profile thus eliminating the problems associated with hfs. Therefore, AAC provides a more accurate method for relative A ji measurements, with determinations of better than 10% relative standard deviation for all elements.
A Correction to Lewis and Langford's Symbolic Logic

The purpose of this note is to call attention to a minor error in Lewis and Langford's Symbolic logic.' On page 221, in discussing the Tarski-Lukasiewicz three-valued logic, the authors make the following assertion: "Let T(p) be any proposition, involving only one element, whose analogue holds in the twovalued system; if T(p) does not hold in the Three-valued Calculus, then pC.T(p) and Np.C.T(p) both hold." I shall show, by means of a counter-example, that this assertion is not true. Let T(p) be the sentence:
Single-cell genomics

A method for amplifying DNA from single bacterial cells shows promise for complete genome sequencing.
MOC part IV: Implications for resident training and practice activity.

ABMS describes the value of MOC in terms of delivering better outcomes for patients, improving practice efficiency, resulting in less paper work when seeking privileges, and increasing the number of patients you will see. The ABMS website lists articles supporting MOC activities. The quality of the evidence is not great, but all ABS diplomates are required to participate in MOC after receiving their ABS certification. The ABS Part IV MOC requirements include participation in a local, regional, or national outcome registry or quality assessment program that specifically evaluates an individual’s processes of care and outcomes. A list of specific activities approved for Part IV MOC is available on the ABS website. If these are not available to an individual, the ABS suggests that a specific practice area be evaluated as a quality project. Other boards have gone further asking for direct involvement in a quality improvement (QI) project from design to assessment. A recent portfolio program supported by ABMS is designed to help individuals and practices comply with acceptable Part IV MOC activities. This ABMS portfolio program is designed to assist individuals register a QI project that affects their practice and meets Part IV requirements. The physician is asked to be involved in the planning, design, and assessment of the results. Changes in practice could occur. A specific
An experimental and theoretical investigation of electrostatically charged, falling droplet pairs

Herein we report the results of an investigation of the trajectories of horizontally coplanar droplet pairs of similar charge, falling under the influence of gravity, drag, and electrostatic forces. Experiments were conducted using ethanol droplets that were generated electrostatically from the tips of two parallel needles. These droplets were subject to an external electric field and an initial electrostatic force in the vertical, downward direction, and an interdroplet electrostatic repulsive force in the horizontal direction. A model was developed to predict the measured trajectories. Within the range of applied potential differences investigated (from 1–3 kV), the theory and experiment were found to agree to within approximately 5%. The results also showed that the droplet trajectory was influenced noticeably by the axial electrostatic force on the droplet as it departed from the needle.
Comparing the effects of repetitive and chronic ALA mediated PDT on human glioma spheroids

Following surgical removal of malignant brain tumors 80% of all cases develop tumor recurrence within 2 cm of the resected margin. The aim of postoperative therapy is therefore elimination of nests of tumor cells remaining in the margins of the resection cavity. However, it is unlikely that standard "one-shot" intraoperative PDT treatments can accomplish this goal. This is due mainly to the length of time required to deliver adequate light fluences to depths of 1-2 cm in the resection margin. Additionally, due to the short doubling time of malignant glioma cells, the kill rate per cell doubling indicates that it seems unlikely that a single relatively short treatment would be sufficient to prevent recurrence of the tumor. Multiple repetitive or chronic treatment protocols would therefore seem required. In repetitive PDT both phtosensitizer and light are given over relatively short treatment times (hours) with treatment repetition following relatively long intervals (weeks). In chronic PDT (also called metronomic), both the photosensitizer and light are delivered continuously at low rates for extended periods of time (days). The in vitro therapy response of human glioma spheroids to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated PDT in repetitive or chronic form were investigated. At 6J fluence, spheroid survival rates of 28 and 7% were observed for repetitive or chronic PDT protocols respectively. The results indicated that single chronic (24-48hrs) treatment) was more effective at inhibiting spheroid growth than PDT repeated at relatively long intervals (weeks) or daily fractionated PDT.
Immune defects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Over the past decade, the introduction of nucleoside analogs and monoclonal antibodies into the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has resulted in higher rates and longer duration of response. This is a significant step towards achieving the ultimate goal of disease-eradication and improved survival. A continuing problem, however, is the susceptibility of these patients to infections. Profound dysregulation of the host immune system in patients with CLL and its impact on the clinical course of the disease are well established. A number of investigators have sought to identify the mechanisms underlying this innate immune dysfunction, which is further exacerbated by the actions of the potent therapeutic agents. The early recognition of infections as well as prophylactic administration of appropriate antibiotics has been the mainstay of managing infections in patients with CLL. Hopefully, increasing understanding of the molecular events underlying the neoplastic change in CLL will lead to more targeted and less immunosuppressive therapeutic modalities. Furthermore, the understanding of the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in CLL is of pivotal importance in the novel immune-based therapeutic strategies currently under development.
Effects of isogenic bone marrow cell dose on erythrokinetics of lethally x-irradiated mice.

The effect of isogenic bone marrow cell dose on several parameters of hemopoietic regeneration in lethally X-irradiated mice was studied. The appearance of 59Fe in red blood cells (RBC) and spleen, the hematocrits, and the spleen weights were measured at various times after irradiation and the injection of 105, 106, 107 or 108 marrow cells. Results show that with increasing cell dose, regeneration of erythropoiesis was detectable earlier, proceeded at a faster rate, reached a peak more quickly, and subsided to normal levels sooner. The initial spleen-weight growth rate was independent of cell dose, although the onset of growth was earlier the higher the dose. The maximum rate of RBC production was attained earlier the larger the cell dose and was a decreasing function of the hematocrit at that time, which in itself was an increasing function of cell dose. These data support the concept of a proportional model for control of erythropoiesis as described by Hodgson (1970). The present data are interpretable in terms of an A- and B-cell model for erythropoiesis as suggested by Lajtha, Gilbert & Guzman (1971). This model postulates a compartment of undifferentiated multipotent A cells and a compartment of differentiating erythropoietic B cells capable of amplification according to the need for RBC. Application of the present data to the A-B cell model generates a tentative description of the changes in kinetics of amplification in the B-cell compartment as the size of the A-cell base is changed.
Some Dogmatic Implications of Barth’s Understanding of Ebionite and Docetic Christology

This article shows how Barth’s understanding of Ebionite andDocetic Christology shaped his trinitarian theology and argues that theologianstoday should learn from Barth in order to avoid the pitfalls of groundingChrist’s uniqueness either in experience or in an ideology instead of in Christ himself. The article exhibits how Barth’s insights relate to the views of a number of prominent contemporary theologians, illustrating how thesetheologians, in varying ways, actually reach problematic conclusions preciselyto the extent that they do not actually begin their christological reflections with the fact that Jesus is the Son of God simply because he is.
Probe measurements in argon plasma jets operated in ambient argon

Measurements of local enthalpies and velocities have been performed in plasma jets generated by a DC plasma spray torch, using an enthalpy probe. The torch has been operated in an argon confined atmosphere at different currents and argon flow rates.(1) The validity of the measured enthalpy and velocity profiles has been checked by performing energy flux and mass flux balances, which show reasonable agreement between the input quantities, measured independently, and those obtained by integrating over the experimental profiles. The data are compared with those obtained by operating the same torch in ambient air. The results show that temperatures and velocities measured in pure argon are substantially higher than those in air, and consequently, the jets in argon appear wider and substantially longer.
Mineralogy of the mid-ocean-ridge basalt source from neodymium isotopic composition of abyssal peridotites

Inferring the melting process at mid-ocean ridges, and the physical conditions under which melting takes place, usually relies on the assumption of compositional similarity between all mid-ocean-ridge basalt sources. Models of mantle melting therefore tend to be restricted to those that consider the presence of only one lithology in the mantle, peridotite. Evidence from xenoliths and peridotite massifs show that after peridotite, pyroxenite and eclogite are the most abundant rock types in the mantle. But at mid-ocean ridges, where most of the melting takes place, and in ophiolites, pyroxenite is rarely found. Here we present neodymium isotopic compositions of abyssal peridotites to investigate whether peridotite can indeed be the sole source for mid-ocean-ridge basalts. By comparing the isotopic compositions of basalts and peridotites at two segments of the southwest Indian ridge, we show that a component other than peridotite is required to explain the low end of the (143)Nd/(144)Nd variations of the basalts. This component is likely to have a lower melting temperature than peridotite, such as pyroxenite or eclogite, which could explain why it is not observed at mid-ocean ridges.
Patterning of the lateral ganglionic eminence by the Gsh1 and Gsh2 homeobox genes regulates striatal and olfactory bulb histogenesis and the growth of axons through the basal ganglia.

The function of the Gsh1 and Gsh2 homeobox transcription factors during development of the mouse telencephalon was studied using loss of function mutations. No telencephalic phenotype was observed in Gsh1 mutants, whereas Gsh2 and Gsh1/2 mutants showed progressively more severe defects in development of neurons derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). These defects arise from abnormal dorsoventral specification of LGE progenitor cells. Mice lacking both Gsh1 and Gsh2 have severe hypoplasia of the striatum, olfactory tubercle, and interneurons that migrate from the dorsal LGE to the olfactory bulb. In addition, Gsh function is linked to the development of telencephalic dopaminergic neurons. These observations show that Gsh1 and Gsh2 have early roles in defining the identity of LGE progenitor cells. As a result of the basal ganglia defects in the Gsh1/2 mutants, there are pallial heterotopia near the cortical/subcortical limit and defects in the pathfinding of corticofugal and thalamocortical fibers. These findings highlight the developmental interdependence of adjacent telencephalic structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:151–165, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anharmonic lattice statics analysis of 180 ° and 90° ferroelectric domain walls in PbTiO3

This paper presents an anharmonic lattice statics analysis of 180 ° and 90 ° domain walls in tetragonal ferroelectric perovskites. We present all the calculations and numerical examples for the technologically important ferroelectric material PbTiO_3. We use shell potentials that are fitted to quantum mechanics calculations. Our formulation places no restrictions on the range of the interactions. This formulation of lattice statics is inhomogeneous and accounts for the variation of the force constants near defects. The discrete governing equations for perfect domain walls are reduced using symmetry conditions. We solve the linearized discrete governing equations directly using a novel method in the setting of the theory of difference equations. We calculate the fully nonlinear solutions using modified Newton–Raphson iterations.
Three-dimensional mapping of optical near field of a nanoscale bowtie antenna.

Ridge nanoscale aperture antennas have been shown to be a high transmission nanoscale light source. They provide a small, polarization-dependent near-field optical spot with much higher transmission efficiency than circularly-shaped apertures with similar field confinement. This provides significant motivations to understand the electromagnetic fields in the immediate proximity to the apertures. This paper describes an experimental three-dimensional optical near-field mapping of a bowtie nano-aperture. The measurements are performed using a home-built near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) system. An aluminum coated Si3N4 probe with a 150 nm hole at the tip is used to collect optical signals. Both contact and constant-height scan (CHS) modes are used to measure the optical intensity at different longitudinal distances. A force-displacement curve is used to determine the tip-sample separation distance allowing the optical intensities to be mapped at distances as small as 50 nm and up to micrometer level. The experimental results also demonstrate the polarization dependence of the transmission through the bowtie aperture. Numerical simulations are also performed to compute the aperture’s electromagnetic near-field distribution and are shown to agree with the experimental results.
A measure of systems engineering effectiveness in government acquisition of complex information systems

In this paper, the authors present an innovative means of gauging systems engineering effectiveness. This research uses a Bayesian Belief Network to model causal relationships present in government acquisitions of complex information systems and to create a Systems Engineering relative effectiveness index model that can be used to identify and analyze Systems Engineering patterns and subsequently predict possible areas of SE performance risk.
Modulation of volume regulated anion current by ICln

I(Cln), a cytosolic protein associated with a nucleotide-sensitive chloride current, may be involved in the regulation of a volume-regulated anion current (VRAC) associated with hypotonic cell swelling. We have determined the nucleic acid sequences of I(Cln) from human tsA201a, colonic (T84) and myeloma (RPMI 8826) cell lines. The amino acid sequences are highly homologous (>/=99%) to each other but less homologous to I(Cln) protein from other species. Using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, we examined the effect of I(Cln) protein expression levels on VRAC properties during a hyposmotic challenge. Overexpression of T84 or RPMI 8226-derived I(Cln) protein in tsA201a cells results in a more than 9-fold increase in the rate of VRAC activation over control values, while having no effect on VRAC inactivation properties. Underexpression of endogenous I(Cln) protein in tsA201a cells using antisense oligonucleotides results in a more than 180-fold decrease in VRAC activation rate as compared to control values. These results indicate that I(Cln) protein expression modulates VRAC activation but not inactivation.
Late Pleistocene potential distribution of the North African sengi or elephant-shrew Elephantulus rozeti (Mammalia: Macroscelidea)

The Sahara Desert was recently proposed as the agent of vicariant speciation in the North African elephant-shrew (order Macroscelidea, Elephantulus rozeti). Based on evidence from molecular dating, however, this speciation event was estimated as having occurred in the Miocene, an early date of origin for an extant species, predating the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the Pleistocene. Here, we explore the possibility of more recent connections of populations of this species across the Sahara Desert that would have facilitated faunal exchange through the Last Glacial Maximum. We used ecological niche modelling based on current climatic datasets and known occurrence points to develop models of present-day potential distributions of E. rozeti and related taxa. Given that the Miocene scenario was proposed based on a single set of evidence, we here provide a partial test based on an independent analysis of present and past potential distributions. Our results corroborate the idea of vicariance, but indicate ...
Chlorpromazine antagonism of thyroxine-induced flavin formation.

Abstract Chlorpromazine inhibits the incorporation of riboflavin into flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavins bound covalently to proteins in vivo in rat liver. In addition, this drug markedly blunts thyroxine enhancement of riboflavin incorporation into flavins, both observations being made at concentrations of chlorpromazine commonly used clinically. These findings indicate that chlorpromazine is a riboflavin antagonist and inhibits effects of thyroxine upon riboflavin metabolism.
Use of tracers to measure flow within single microvessels

Most techniques for making quantitative measurements of flow within single microvessels rely on tracers which are injected upstream of the microvessel and monitored noninvasively (e.g., optical densitometry) at selected sites along the microvessel. This study examines theoretically the measurement of average flow velocity (v) within individual microvessels from tracer flow data at monitoring sites. Starting with a fundamental convection-diffusion equation, the theory considers tracers which can distribute across both plasma and red cell phases. An integral analysis indicates that v = delta zeta/delta tau, where delta zeta is the distance between monitoring sites, and delta tau is the tracer transit or "residence" time needed to traverse that distance. The residence time which arises explicitly requires measurement of the flow-weighted average tracer concentration at each monitoring site. Because noninvasive tracer measurements provide indices of the unweighted average tracer concentration, a velocity measurement error, delta(zeta), arises, delta(zeta) is quantified in relation to the axial location of the measurement site, the velocity profile, the tracer Peclet number, and the radial distribution of tracer at the vessel inlet. delta(zeta) does not vanish when tracer enters a microvessel with a radially uniform concentration profile, but does vanish past a critical distance, Lc, from the microvessel entrance. The critical distance can be estimated using Lc/d = 0.05(vd)/D (d. vessel diameter; v, average flow velocity; D, tracer diffusivity). Accordingly, tracer data can be used to quantify flow velocity within a microvessel provided the microvessel length allows for monitoring tracer flow beyond the estimated Lc value. This study serves as a necessary precursor to analyses of plasma-phase tracers used to measure microvascular plasma flow.
THE EFFECTS OF BRIEF STIMULI PRESENTED UNDER A MULTIPLE SCHEDULE OF SECOND‐ORDER SCHEDULES

The effects of briefly presented stimuli paired or not paired with food reinforcement were investigated in the pigeon on a multiple schedule containing second-order schedules. A stimulus paired with food reinforcement was presented on a variable-interval schedule in one unit of the multiple schedule and either a stimulus not paired with food reinforcement or no stimuli were scheduled in the other unit. Response rates were highest when behavior was followed by the food-paired stimulus. Presentation of the food-paired stimulus at completion of each 1-min variable-interval component maintained a steady rate of responding between consecutive food presentations. Pausing following food reinforcement was greatest in the second-order schedule not containing the paired stimulus. Reversing the stimulus pairings led to a reversal of the relative response rates and patterns of responding for each stimulus.
Keeping cool while saving space and money: a semi-integrated, sensorless PM brushless drive for a 42-V automotive HVAC compressor

This article describes a semiintegrated permanent-magnet (PM) brushless drive for a 42-V electric compressor for automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). Electric compressors have the advantages of low refrigerant emissions, flexible packaging, and efficient variable-speed operation. These are intended for vehicles where the engine shuts off during stops, as in "stop and go" (starter generator), or for vehicles with auxiliary power units (fuel cells). A low-cost, semiintegrated position sensorless motor controller has been designed, build and tested over a wide speed range with overall system efficiencies of 85% or more over a significant portion of its operating range. Issues related to sensorless operation, packaging and thermal management, EMI abatement and performance of the drive are discussed.
Can the research presented at the annual conference help to define the association? An exploratory study

A professional association can be defined by its membership, its mission and a variety of different offerings, services, characteristics and attributes. One such characteristic is the research that is presented at the annual conference and published in the proceedings. The intent of this paper is to explore whether there has been a change in the basic research presented and published at the ASIS&T annual conference since the association's name change in 2000. Is more empirical research being presented? Has there been any measurable shift from theoretical to empirical?
A Study of Transistor Circuits for Television

This paper describes a general study of transistors in television receivers. For this purpose the development of a completely transistorized television receiver was undertaken. An experimental model using 37 developmental transistors and a five-inch kinescope housed in a cabinet 13×12×7 inches was constructed. This portable receiver operates on a single channel using a self-contained loop, and has a total battery-power consumption of 13 watts, more than 25 per cent of which is consumed by the kinescope heater. The development of a complete experimental receiver, even with a number of compromises, provided an opportunity to deal with the problems found in every stage and circuit of the receiver. Although experimental point-contact transistors have recently been developed which will provide oscillations for the entire vhf television band, considerable difficulty was found in providing wide-band rf gain using transistors at these frequencies. This problem was much less difficult at intermediate frequencies and at the intercarrier-sound frequency. The second-detector problem of obtaining high rectification efficiency with low load impedances was solved by using a transistor detector. The video amplifier problem was complicated by the requirement for a high input impedance; however, with a combination of junction and contact transistors a stable, high-gain video amplifier with a relatively high input impedance was built. An audio system using complementary symmetrical junction transistors was designed to produce high output with good efficiency. In the synchronization and deflection portion of the receiver, circuits were devised for using transistors in ways that differ from the analogues of vacuum tubes.
Poverty research and policy for rural America

Resurgent interest in poverty in the U.S. by both researchers and policymakers offers an opportunity to bring increased attention to the plight of the rural poor. Rural poverty is widespread and severe, and fundamental changes in the structure of the national economy portend continued distress in remote areas. High labor force participation by the rural poor has important theoretical and policy implications for understanding the causes, consequences and intervention strategies for combating poverty. Research on the characteristics and circumstances of different groups of the poor in rural areas could make a significant contribution toward dispelling some of the myths about “deserving and undeserving” categories of poor people that continue to impede design and implementation of appropriate policy. We review what is currently known about rural poverty, what needs to be learned, and how such research applies to current policy debates.
Treatment of status epilepticus with diazepam.

SUMMARY Over the past few years a number of different treatments for status epilepticus have been suggested. Some of these are reviewed. One of the most successful of those recently introduced is diazepam, given intramuscularly or intravenously. Some examples are given of patients treated with this drug. If the morbidity and mortality of this condition are to be reduced, treatment must be started as soon after the onset of the status as possible. If the fits are not controlled after a trial of one particular form of treatment, it would seem better to try alternative drugs than to persist with increasing doses and run the risk of loxic effects. RESUME Le traitement du Status Epilepticus par le Diazepam Pendant ces quelques dernieres annees un certain nombre de traitements differents du Status Epilepticus ont ete suggeres. Quelques uns d'entre eux sont revus. Le diazepam, intramusculaire ou intraveineux est un de ceux qui ont eu le plus de succes parmi ces traitements recemment introduits. Quelques exemples de patients traites par ce medicaments sont exposes. On insiste sur le fait que le traitement doit etre commence aussitot que possible apres Ľapparition du status pour reduire la morbilite et la mortalite de cette maladie. Si les crises ne sont pas controlees apres un essais d'une forme particuliere de traitement, il semblerait preferable d'essayer d'autres medicaments plutot que de persister en augmentant les doses, courant ainsi le risque d'effets toxiques. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Behandlung des status epilepticus mil Diazepam Wahrend der vergangenen letzten Jahre sind eine Anzahl verschiedener Behandlungs-methoden des status epilepticus vorgeschlagen worden. Einige davon werden besprochen. Eine der erfolgreichsten der neulich eingefluhrten, ist Diazepam, welches intramuskular oder intravenos verabreicht wird. Einige Beispiele von Patienten werden angefuhrt, die mit dieser Droge behandelt wurden. Es wird betont, dass die Behandlung so bald wic moglich nach dem Auftreten dieses Zustandes einzusetzen hat, wenn die Morbiditat und Mortalitat dieser Krankheit reduziert werden soil. Wenn die Anfalle nach einem Versuch mit einer bestimmten Behandlungsform nicht unter Kontrolle sind, erscheint es angebrachter, die Drogen zu alternieren, anstatt mit erhohten Dosen fortzufahren und toxische Effekte zu riskieren. RESUMEN El tratamiento del estado epileptico eon el d'iazepam Durante Ios ultimos anos se han propuesto varios tratamientos para el estado epileptico. Se han estudiado algunos de estos. Una de las drogas recien introducidas mas satisfactorias es el diazepam, administrado por via intramuscular o intravenosa. Se presentan los casos de algunos enfermos que lo recibieron. Es importante que el tratamiento empiece lo mas pronto posible despues del comencimiento del estado, para reducir la morbosidad y mortalidad de este. Si no es posible controlar las crisis despues de probar un tratamiento particular, vale mas dar una droga alternativa que aumentar la dosificacion y correi el riesgo de efectos toxicos.
University of Virginia Lithostar Experience: Preliminary Report

The Siemens Lithostar system consists of a motorized patient table, two integral electromagnetic shock wave generators, and biplane fluoroscopy for stone localization. Shock wave coupling is through water-filled bellows attached to the shock tubes. Seven of the first 30 patients (21%) required more than one treatment, even though the mean stone size was less than 13 mm. Seven other patients had poor fragmentation: all had 4 mm to 5 mm fragments. The mean number of shock waves delivered was 3,100.
Some general aspects of the chemistry of Organo-alkali metal ions. An overview of recent work

Organo-alkali metal ions of the type [M + xNa-(x - l)H]+ (x = l-3) are commonly observed in the desorption ionization mass spectra of polar organic molecules. An overview of our work on the formation and selected applications of organo-alkali metal ions is presented. We interpret our data as evidence that ions of the type [M + xA-(x - l)H]+ are formed from [M+ A(AX),]+ cluster ions. Another important aspect of this work deals with the dissociation reactions of organo-alkali metal ions. We have found that structurally significant fragment ions are observed in the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of [M+A]+ ions that are not observed in the [M+H]+ ion CID spectrum. We attribute these differences to functional group basicity and organo-alkali metal ion binding energies. That is, alkali metal ions are bound to specific sites of the organic molecule and the fragment ions formed upon CID are indications of the structure of the ionic organo-alkali metal ion complex.
A Long-Time Study of the Blood Lipids of Two Students of Atherosclerosis

A study of serum cholesterol and lipoproteins covering periods of 28 years in a male physician and 17 years in a female research worker showed relative constancy for the cholesterol levels and greater variability for the lipoproteins. Cholesterol was reduced sharply and temporarily just after each influenzal infection. In the male, the level of cholesterol was slightly above 300 mg/100 ml for more than 13 years. An extremely low cholesterol and high carbohydrate diet proved unacceptable. A more liberal, relatively low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol, and high polyunsaturated fatty acid diet with about 30% of the calories from fat, maintained the cholesterol level between 230 and 270 mg and has been followed with relish for a number of years. A myocardial infarction occurred 27 years after the study began. Clofibrate since then has reduced the cholesterol level further. The female subject is in good health and maintains cholesterol levels slightly below 300 mg on a usual American diet. She is 10 years younger than the male. Her —S 40-70 lipoproteins have usually been well below the male subject's. Weight gain and lack of exercise seemed regularly to increase both levels. The data are presented because we believe them to be accurate; their interpretation is for the reader. We hope he must wait for some time for the outcome of the study.
A Seventeenth-Century Theology of Liberation: Antinomianism and Labour Theory of Value in the Beliefs of English Catholic Labouring People, 1639–60

Etude de la theologie sociale des ouvriers catholiques anglais au milieu du XVII e siecle. Deux aspects de l'histoire theologique de cette communaute sont presentes: leur antinomisme et leur theorie des valeurs
Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway for the Treatment of Melanoma--Application of LY2090314, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3.

It has previously been observed that a loss of β-catenin expression occurs with melanoma progression and that nuclear β-catenin levels are inversely proportional to cellular proliferation, suggesting that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may provide benefit for melanoma patients. In order to further probe this concept we tested LY2090314, a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor with activity against GSK3α and GSK3β isoforms. In a panel of melanoma cell lines, nM concentrations of LY2090314 stimulated TCF/LEF TOPFlash reporter activity, stabilized β-catenin and elevated the expression of Axin2, a Wnt responsive gene and marker of pathway activation. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that melanoma cell lines are very sensitive to LY2090314 in vitro (IC50 ~10nM after 72hr of treatment) in contrast to other solid tumor cell lines (IC50 >10uM) as evidenced by caspase activation and PARP cleavage. Cell lines harboring mutant B-RAF or N-RAS were equally sensitive to LY2090314 as were those with acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib. shRNA studies demonstrated that β-catenin stabilization is required for apoptosis following treatment with the GSK3 inhibitor since the sensitivity of melanoma cell lines to LY290314 could be overcome by β-catenin knockdown. We further demonstrate that in vivo, LY2090314 elevates Axin2 gene expression after a single dose and produces tumor growth delay in A375 melanoma xenografts with repeat dosing. The activity of LY2090314 in preclinical models suggests that the role of Wnt activators for the treatment of melanoma should be further explored.
Analysis of Cardiovascular Phenotype and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Individuals With a JAG1 Mutation and/or Alagille Syndrome

Background— Cardiovascular anomalies are among the most common features of Alagille syndrome (AGS). Mutations of JAG1 are found in most individuals with AGS. This study was undertaken to determine ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulates phosphorylation of the airway epithelial membrane glycoprotein Muc1 and activates MAP kinase.

We reported previously that Muc1 on the surface of epithelial cells was a receptor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Lillehoj EP, Kim BT, and Kim KC. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L751–L756, 20...
Disruption of Interleukin-27 Signaling Results in Impaired Gamma Interferon Production but Does Not Significantly Affect Immunopathology in Murine Schistosome Infection

In schistosomiasis mansoni, parasite eggs cause hepatointestinal granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis mediated by CD4 T cells specific for egg antigens. The severity of disease varies extensively in humans and among mouse strains. Marked disease exacerbation induced in typically low-pathology C57BL/6 mice by immunization with schistosome egg antigens (SEA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (SEA/CFA) correlates with elevated production of the proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), which are regulated by IL-12 and IL-23, respectively. Here we examined the effect on the schistosome infection of a third member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, IL-27, using SEA/CFA-immunized and unimmunized mice deficient in the IL-27 receptor chain WSX-1 (WSX-1(-/-)). SEA-stimulated bulk mesenteric lymph node cells or CD4 T cells from 7-week-infected WSX-1(-/-) mice produced significantly less IFN-gamma than did those from C57BL/6 mice, even though there was no difference between these mice in exacerbated hepatic egg-induced granulomatous inflammation or in the levels of IL-17 induced by immunization with SEA/CFA. A fraction of the cells in the granulomas stained positive for IL-27, but there were no significant differences between WSX-1(-/-) and BL/6 mice, nor were there differences in the number of CD4 T cells and eosinophils. A 24-week chronic infection resulted in markedly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-gamma, in WSX-1(-/-) mice, but again the magnitude of immunopathology was not significantly different between the two groups. These findings indicate that despite the impaired IFN-gamma production, IL-27 signaling has no significant effect on either the magnitude of egg-induced immunopathology or on its closest in vitro correlate, IL-17.
Transformations of Life Structure and Personal Paradigm During the Midlife Transition

In this exploratory study, data were collected from 64 men and women experiencing midlife transitions. Transformations of life structure during the phases of midlife transition were noted. Some changes (degree of conflict, temporariness, and fulfillment potential) were best accounted for by the act of progressing through the steps of this major transition in life; other changes in life structure (complexity, flexibility, and self-determination) were better accounted for by an internal process of paradigm shifting.
CW-FM pulse fusion schemes

It is commonly understood that in active detection system constant-frequency pulses correspond to good Doppler but poor delay resolution capability; and that linearly-swept frequency pulses have the opposite behavior. Many systems are capable of both types of operation, and hence in this paper the fusion of such pulses is examined. It is discovered that in many (but not all) situations the features complement in such a way that tracking performance using a combined CW-FM pulse is improved by an order of magnitude when compared to a scheme using only a full CW or FM pulse. Also investigated are alternating- pulse systems, and while these are suboptimal their performances appear robust.
Regulatory Polymorphisms in Human DBH Affect Peripheral Gene Expression and Sympathetic Activity

Rationale:Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in the central nervous system and peripherally. DBH variants are associated with large changes in circulating DBH and implicated in multiple disorders; yet causal relationships and tissue-specific effects remain unresolved. Objective:To characterize regulatory variants in DBH, effect on mRNA expression, and role in modulating sympathetic tone and disease risk. Methods and Results:Analysis of DBH mRNA in human tissues confirmed high expression in the locus coeruleus and adrenal gland, but also in sympathetically innervated organs (liver>lung>heart). Allele-specific mRNA assays revealed pronounced allelic expression differences in the liver (2- to 11-fold) attributable to promoter rs1611115 and exon 2 rs1108580, but only small differences in locus coeruleus and adrenals. These alleles were also associated with significantly reduced mRNA expression in liver and lung. Although DBH protein is expressed in other sympat...