cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Resolution EBSD-Based Dislocation Microscopy

Significant advances are reported in the application of HR-EBSD to the imaging of the dislocation structure of polycrystalline materials. The central assumption of the method is the compatibility of the total displacement field, which relates the (Nye) dislocation tensor to the (partially measurable) curl of the elastic displacement field. Two key challenges must be addressed, including: a) the fundamental limitation imposed by the electron-opacity of typical materials, which limits the measurement of gradients in the displacement field in the direction normal to the sample surface; and b) the inability of HR-EBSD to recover the spherical (elastic) distortions of the lattice. This second challenge can be overcome if a traction free boundary condition is applied. It is illustrated that consideration of the familiar stress equilibrium relations gives additional information, which may enable estimates of the missing components of the Nye tensor. An example of application of HR-EBSD to a Mg-Ce sample is presented.
Coexisting bipolar affective disorder and multiple sclerosis: the role of the pineal gland.

(1991). Coexisting bipolar affective disorder and multiple sclerosis: The role of the pineal gland. International Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 267-270.
First names and first impressions: A fragile relationship

Given only first names, reliable differences are found in guesses about personal characteristics. It was hypothesized that this finding is strongly dependent on the lack of interference from competing information. Therefore such first-name effects should be fragile in that, if a subject is exposed to additional and relevant material, the differential effect of a first name would be mitigated. This interpretation was tested by exposing one group of subjects to a set of good and bad male first names, while a second group encountered the same names accompanied by photographs. The results showed that there was a replication of previously reported differences between these good and bad names if no photograph was present, but the addition of the photograph blocked the differential effect of first names. The results paralleled a similar finding with female first names. Overall, the results argue against too much emphasis on the possible deleterious effects of a particular first name.
Stress decreases lymphocyte cytolytic activity in the young monkey even after blockade of steroid and opiate hormone receptors

Lymphocyte cytolytic responses were assessed in 75 infant squirrel monkeys to investigate the influence of psychosocial disturbance on immunity. Four studies evaluated alterations in lytic activity during social separations from the mother lasting for 1-7 days. Lytic responses against target cells were markedly decreased during the first day of separation, and then gradually returned toward baseline levels. Although associated with a general lymphocytopenia in vivo, lower lysis was not mediated specifically by inclusion of fewer Leu11b+ cells in the in vitro assay. Multiple physiological processes probably converge to mediate the decrease in lysis. Treatment of the infant with RU486 to block corticosteroid hormone receptors or with naltrexone to antagonize opiate hormone action did not prevent the decrease in lytic responses from occurring. This research demonstrates that psychological disturbance can significantly impact immunity, but the recovery of normal functioning by 1 week also reveals the resiliency of the immune system, paralleling the time course of the infant's behavioral adaptation to this challenge.
Atmospheric Contributions to the Excitation of the Earth's Wobble 1901–1970

(Received 1976 March 1; in original form 1975 October 22) Summary Using atmospheric observations taken between 1901 and 1970, we have estimated the variations in atmospheric torques that excite the Earth's wobble. We have refined and brought up to date the time series of wobble excitation due to atmospheric mass redistribution that was obtained by Hassan over fifteen years ago, and have computed an entirely new time series of wobble excitation due to the mountain torques. A separate paper, (Wilson & Haubrich) compares the atmospheric series with a time series of the Earth's pole motion derived from astronomical observation.
Optical and electrochemical sol-gel sensors for inorganic species

The use of sol-gels as a sensing matrix for the development of unique sensing strategies is discussed. Sol-gels offer almost limitless possibilities for sensing substrates due to the variety of physical properties that can be obtained by altering a number of discussed fabrication conditions and techniques. By careful consideration of the sensing requirements, novel detection methods have been developed for a variety of analytes and applications. Here, sol-gels have been used to monitor pH at the extreme ends of the scale ([H+] = 1–11 M and [OH−] = 1–10 M) and in mixed solvent/solute systems using dual sensing approaches. The use of ligand-grafted sol-gel monoliths for optical determination of metal ion species is also discussed. The electrochemical determination of Cr(VI) by electrodeposited sol-gel modified electrodes is also presented.
Nuclear progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hormonal treatments that affect lordosis.

An assay was developed for the measurement of progestin receptors in purified cell nuclei of the central nervous system after progesterone injection. The affinity of the nuclear progestin receptor in the hypothalamus-preoptic area-septum of female guinea pigs for [3H]17α,21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4,9- diene-3,20-dione (Kd ≧ 0.16 nm) is similar to that previously reported for the cytosol receptor in this tissue. Although all brain areas studied (hypothalamus, preoptic area-septum, midbrain, and cerebral cortex) accumulated some nuclear progestin receptor after progesterone injection, the hypothalamus had the highest concentration. Guinea pigs primed with a large dose (10 μg) of estradiol benzoate accumulated more nuclear progestin receptor after an injection of progesterone than animals primed with a low dose (1.6 μg) of estradiol benzoate. This is consistent with our previous finding that estradiol benzoate induces cytoplasmic progestin receptors in a dose-dependent manner. By 2–4 h after progesterone inj...
Currents, charges, and canonical structure of pseudodual chiral models.

We discuss the pseudodual chiral model to illustrate a class of two-dimensional theories which have an infinite number of conservation laws but allow particle production, at variance with naive expectations. We describe the symmetries of the pseudodual model, both local and nonlocal, as transmutations of the symmetries of the usual chiral model. We refine the conventional algorithm to more efficiently produce the nonlocal symmetries of the model, and we discuss the complete local current algebra for the pseudodual theory. We also exhibit the canonical transformation which connects the usual chiral model to its fully equivalent dual, further distinguishing the pseudodual theory.
A note on equiangular tight frames

We settle a conjecture of Joseph Renes about the existence and construction of certain equiangular tight frames.
Variable Activation of the DNA Damage Response Pathways in Patients Undergoing Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Background— Although single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI) has improved the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, it remains a primary source of low-dose radiation exposure for cardiac patients. To determine the biological effects of low-dose radiation from SPECT MPI, we measured the activation of the DNA damage response pathways using quantitative flow cytometry and single-cell gene expression profiling. Methods and Results— Blood samples were collected from patients before and after SPECT MPI (n=63). Overall, analysis of all recruited patients showed no marked differences in the phosphorylation of proteins (H2AX, protein 53, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated) after SPECT. The majority of patients also had either downregulated or unchanged expression in DNA damage response genes at both 24 and 48 hours post-SPECT. Interestingly, a small subset of patients with increased phosphorylation had significant upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage, whereas those with no changes in phosphorylation had significant downregulation or no difference, suggesting that some patients may potentially be more sensitive to low-dose radiation exposure. Conclusions— Our findings showed that SPECT MPI resulted in a variable activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Although only a small subset of patients had increased protein phosphorylation and elevated gene expression postimaging, continued care should be taken to reduce radiation exposure to both the patients and operators.
Ethical Issues in Conducting Evaluation in International Settings.

There has been little discussion in evaluation literature in the United States of ethical issues in conducting evaluation in international settings. Although many of the same ethical issues arise wherever the evaluation is conducted, two sets of ethical issues that are particularly important in developing countries concern how stakeholders should be involved and to what extent the evaluator should respect local customs and values.
Bruguiera Species in Hawai'i: Systematic Considerations and Ecological Implications

At least two mangrove tree species in the genus Bruguiera were introduced into Hawai'i from the Philippines in 1922. The two are described in a recent manual on the flora of Hawai i as B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. and B. parviflora (Roxb.) W. & A. ex. Griff. There has, however, been some confusion since its introduction as to the identity of what is currently known as B. gymnorrhiza. Early Hawaiian flora manuals (1948 and earlier) and ecological research reports up until at least 1972 referred to the species as B. sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Flora manuals published after 1948 and recent ecological papers describe the species as B. gymnorrhiza. The reason for the change appears to have been based strictly on an assessment of flower color. In this study we collected specimens of Bruguiera from Hawai'i and known samples of B. sexangula, B. gymnorrhiza, and B. exaristata C.G. Rogers from Australia or Micronesia. Based on a mulitvariate comparison of flower and hypocotyl morphology of this material, an assessment of other diagnostic attributes, and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) mapping, we conclude that the primary, and perhaps only, Bruguiera species present in Hawai'i is B. sexangula. We argue that the current distribution of Bruguiera in Hawai'i fits the pattern that might be expected of B. sexangula, which is less salt tolerant than B. gymnorrhiza. We also conclude that sufficient regional variation occurs to warrant morphological and genetic comparisons of the three species across their whole geographic range.
Fault Tolerance Techniques for the Merrimac Streaming Supercomputer

As device scales shrink, higher transistor counts are available while soft-errors, even in logic, become a major concern. A new class of architectures, such as Merrimac and the IBM Cell, take advantage of the higher transistor count by exposing control, communication, and a large number of functional-units at the architectural level, thus achieving high performance and efficiency. This paper explores soft-error fault tolerance in the context of these computeintensive architectures, which differ significantly from their control-intensive CPU counterparts. The main goal of the proposed schemes for Merrimac is to conserve the critical and costly off-chip bandwidth and on-chip storage resources, while maintaining high peak and sustained performance. We achieve this by allowing for reconfigurability and relying on programmer input. The processor is either run at full peak performance employing software fault-tolerance methods, or reduced performance with hardware redundancy. We present several methods, their analysis, and detailed case studies.
The Genetic Architecture of Selection at the Human Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Gene Locus

Associations of the seven-repeat (7R) allele of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with both the personality trait of novelty seeking and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been reported. Recently, on the basis of the unusual DNA sequence organization of the DRD4 7R 48-bp tandem repeat (VNTR), we proposed that the 7R allele originated as a rare mutational event that increased to high frequency by positive selection. We now have resequenced the entire DRD4 locus from 103 individuals homozygous for 2R, 4R, or 7R variants of the VNTR, a method developed to directly estimate haplotype diversity. DNA from individuals of African, European, Asian, North and South American, and Pacific Island ancestry were used. 4R/4R homozygotes exhibit little linkage disequilibrium (LD) over the region examined, with more polymorphisms observed in DNA samples from African individuals. In contrast, the evidence for strong LD surrounding the 7R allele is dramatic, with all 7R/7R individuals (including those from Africa) exhibiting the same alleles at most polymorphic sites. By intra-allelic comparison at 18 high-heterozygosity sites spanning the locus, we estimate that the 7R allele arose prior to the upper Paleolithic era (∼40,000–50,000 years ago). Further, the pattern of recombination at these polymorphic sites is the pattern expected for selection acting at the 7R VNTR itself, rather than at an adjacent site. We propose a model for selection at the DRD4 locus consistent with these observed LD patterns and with the known biochemical and physiological differences between receptor variants.
Ca2+ responses of pulmonary arterial myocytes to acute hypoxia require release from ryanodine and inositol trisphosphate receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum.

In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), acute hypoxia increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by inducing Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ influx t...
The Corps of Engineers Ice Engineering Manual

n November 2006, the newly updated manual Ice Engineering IE Manual ecame available to engineers dealing with the impacts of ice. The IE Manual, repared by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Cold egions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRREL , is officially designated M 1110-2-1612 USACE 2006 . As one of many manuals prepared by the orps of Engineers, it is available at the Web site www.usace.army.mil/ ublications/eng-manuals/cecw.htm . This paper briefly describes the origin and ost recent version of the IE Manual, which reflects the evolving ice-engineering equirements of the Corps of Engineers and the continuing development of the eld of ice engineering. The IE Manual consists of 20 chapters and 3 appendices covering the broad ange of topics that compose the field of ice engineering on rivers and lakes. Its ontents are divided into three parts: . Ice properties, processes, and problem solutions; . Ice jams and mitigation measures; and . Winter navigation on inland waterways.
Design of jet-driven, radiative-blast-wave experiments for 10 kJ class lasers

We discuss the design of jet-driven, radiative-blast-wave experiments for a 10 kJ class pulsed laser facility. The astrophysical motivation is the fact that jets from Young Stellar Objects are typically radiative and that the resulting radiative bow shocks produce complex structure that is difficult to predict. To drive a radiative bow shock, the jet velocity must exceed the threshold for strong radiative effects. Using a 10 kJ class laser, it is possible to produce such a jet that can drive a radiative bow shock in gas that is dense enough to permit diagnosis by x-ray radiography. We describe the design and simulations of such experiments. The basic approach is to shock the jet material and then accelerate it through a collimating hole and into a Xe ambient medium. We identify issues that must be addressed through experimentation or further simulations in order to field successful experiments.
Measured black carbon deposition on the Sierra Nevada snow pack and implication for snow pack retreat

Abstract. Modeling studies show that the darkening of snow and ice by black carbon deposition is a major factor for the rapid disappearance of arctic sea ice, mountain glaciers and snow packs. This study provides one of the first direct measurements for the efficient removal of black carbon from the atmosphere by snow and its subsequent deposition to the snow packs of California. The early melting of the snow packs in the Sierras is one of the contributing factors to the severe water problems in California. BC concentrations in falling snow were measured at two mountain locations and in rain at a coastal site. All three stations reveal large BC concentrations in precipitation, ranging from 1.7 ng/g to 12.9 ng/g. The BC concentrations in the air after the snow fall were negligible suggesting an extremely efficient removal of BC by snow. The data suggest that below cloud scavenging, rather than ice nuclei, was the dominant source of BC in the snow. A five-year comparison of BC, dust, and total fine aerosol mass concentrations at multiple sites reveals that the measurements made at the sampling sites were representative of large scale deposition in the Sierra Nevada. The relative concentration of iron and calcium in the mountain aerosol indicates that one-quarter to one-third of the BC may have been transported from Asia.
Food and Culture: A Pedagogical Approach to Contextualizing Food‐Based Activities in Multicultural Counseling Courses

Pedagogic approaches that draw on reflective practices and experiential activities are valued for their perceived ability to enhance multicultural understanding. The use of food-based assignments is not uncommon in multicultural counseling courses; however, the authors contend that although these activities may be experiential in nature, they are often devoid of any meaningful in-depth discussion about related contextual elements, such as power dynamics, economic systems, familial structures, cultural values, and religious meaning. This article describes a food-based assignment used in a multicultural counseling course incorporating firsthand experience with members of various cultures. Anecdotal evidence, as well as suggestions for practice, is included.
Temporal Structure of the Southern Oscillation as Revealed by Waveform and Wavelet Analysis

Abstract Wavelet transforms (WLT) and waveform transforms (WFT) are effective tools that reveal temporal structure of nonstationary time series. The authors discuss principles and practical aspects of their geophysical applications. The WLT can display variance as a continuous function of time and frequency, but the frequency (time) locality reduces at the high (low) frequency bands. The WFT, on the other hand, provides a sharp view of the locality in both time and frequency, but presents variance by discrete base functions. The two techniques are complementary. The authors use both Morlet WLT and Gabor WFT to analyze temporal structure of the Southern Oscillation (50). The principal period of the SO has experienced two rapid changes since 1872, one in the early 1910s and the other in the mid-1960s. The dominant period was 3–4 years in the earliest four decades (1872–1910), 5–7 years in the ensuing five decades (1911–1960. except the 1920s), and about 5 years in the last two decades (1970–1992). Ale SO al...
Depolarization-induced increase in synaptosomal membrane calcium monitored by chlorotetracycline fluorescence

Chlorotetracycline (CT) was used as a fluorescent probe for membrane calcium with intact synaptosomes. The net increase in fluorescence intensity at 520 nm, which is a measure of membrane-bound Ca, increases with increasing Ca, saturating in the millimolar range. Membrane Ca can also be detected in the absence of added external Ca. Potassium-induced depolarization of synaptosomes leads to an increase in membrane Ca, reaching a new steady-state value within 5 min. Neither opiates nor phenytoin affected synaptosomal membrane Ca. Relatively high concentrations of chlorotetracycline increased depolarization-induced uptake of 45Ca into synaptosomes. The data suggest that the Ca-CT complex binds to synaptic plasma membranes, and that depolarization-induced Ca influx results in increased Ca binding to the internal surface of the plasma membrane and/or other internal membranes.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: management of a complex and challenging condition

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increading in the Western world, including in the UK. Late diagnosis impacts sigificantly on treatment options, and as the majority of patients will also have an underlying chronic liver disease, management is complex and challenging. Early referral to a specialist centre with a multidisciplinary team is critical in order to provide the best standard of care and maximum treatment options for the patient. Prevention is key, along with early diagnosis. Outcomes should be measured not just by length of survival, but also by the quality of that survival, and it is in this area that nurses can play a pivotal role
An Aspect of Radiology Worth Considering.

Clarity in anatomic localization is pivotal in radiologic communication. Over the past several years, misuse of the word aspect has become common in medical literature and radiology reports [1-3]. Misuse probably arises from a common meaning of aspect in general English, a “part” or an “element.” Medically, however, aspect is defined as “1) that part of a surface facing in any designated direction, 2) the look or appearance” [4] or “[in] anatomy, the side of an object from a particular direction, as the posterior aspect” [5]. Aspect stems from aspicere and other related Latinwords,meaning “to look at” [6]. For proper medical usage, think of whatwould (orwould not) be visible at the surface, what your eye would see were you to look at the body part in
Studies on the Variation of the Blood Cells of Cattle in Health and During BrucellaInfections

As an aid to an understanding of the differences in the physiological responses of cattle infected with Brucella abortus, a study was initiated on the variations within infected individuals of the total number of leukocytes and erythrocytes per unit volume of their blood, as well as of the fluctuations in the proportions of the different types of white blood cells. We are unaware of any comprehensive studies on the blood cytology of cattle during an infection with Br. abortus.
Design and Test of a Lightweight Pressure Vessel

High -altitude scie ntific balloons regularly carry metal or composite structure pressure vessels for instruments requiring a pressurized atmosphere. However, composite structures are exp ensive and relatively unreliable, while metal structures typically prevent payloads from meeting weight requirements. This paper describes and analyzes the development of a hybrid pressure vessel that combines the l ow weight of a composite structure with t he low - cost of a metal structure. By applying a 'pumpkin' shape to a structure made of fabric and plastic, the engineering team was able to design a lightweight clamping assembly that is easy to manufacture. The resulting prototype reduces weight and fabri cation costs while maintaining the structural integrity of conventional pressure vessels. The 'pumpkin' shaped pressure vessel seems quite promising and confirms the need for further research and testing.
Transfer Printed Nanomembrane Lasers on Silicon

We review a novel membrane reflector surface-emitting laser on silicon, based on multi-layer semiconductor nanomembrane stacking via stamp transfer printing processes, and photonic crystal Fano resonance membrane reflectors.
Looking angry and sounding sad: The perceptual analysis of emotional expression

According to the Perceptual Analysis of Emotional Expression, behaviors express emotions by making them perceptually manifest. A smile is an expression of joy because an observer who sees a smile can see joy. A pout is an expression of grief because an observer who sees a pout can see grief. And a growl is an expression of anger because an observer who hears a growl can hear anger. The idea is not simply that expressions can enable the perception of emotion, but that expressions essentially do so. In the course of defending this analysis against challenges, I develop a novel account of the relationship between language and expression.
The changing image of the ministry and its influence on sermons

Conceptions of the ministers’ role in society have varied during American history. This paper summarizes some past views and the resultant changes in sermon content.
A Critique of Rent-seeking Theory

The thesis of this chapter is that the analysis of rent seeking cannot properly and conclusively sustain many of the analytical or policy uses to which it has been put. Whatever prominence the recent literature on rent seeking has attained, it has been done on the basis of selective, restrictive, and question-begging assumptions.
Response of Heme Oxygenase and Telomerase Enzymes to Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2)

Telomerase, a specialized reverse transcriptase enzyme, maintains the telomere length by adding new telomeric repeats onto chromosome ends using part of a constituent RNA molecule as a template for synthesizing a telomeric repeat.1 The enzymatic core of human telomerase minimally consists of telomerase RNA (hTR) and the catalytic subunit homology protein (hTERT).2,3 Other protein components of the telomerase enzyme, such as hTEP14 are not required for telomerase action in vitro, but telomerase-associated proteins may serve key roles in allowing telomerase to act at the telomeric complex in vivo.5 Telomerase is expressed widely during human embryogenesis but, in adults, expression is limited primary to germ cells, early progenitor/stem cells, and stimulated cycling lymphocytes.6 Telomerase activity has been reported in many types of malignant tumors, including neuroblastomas,7 lung carcinomas,8 gastric and colon carcinomas,9 bladder carcinoma10 and brain tumors.11 Ogami et al.12 detected high level of telomerase activity in most hepatocellular carcinoma tissues; however, very weak telomerase activity was detected in approximately half of nontumorous chronic liver disease tissues.
Child Neurology: Diagnosis and treatment of Tourette syndrome

A 16-year-old left-handed boy with Tourette syndrome (TS) presented to the outpatient neurology clinic complaining of difficulty focusing and completing tasks resulting in impairment at home, school, and social gatherings. He developed recurrent sniffing and throat clearing at age 6, which waxed and waned over time, and had since experienced repeated movements of the head, face, hands, and legs and gulping vocalizations; a diagnosis of TS was established at age 7. His tics were preceded by a premonitory sensation and were partially suppressible. These symptoms led to discomfort, but not impairment. He struggled with planning and organizational skills since age 6, and at age 12 developed repeated washing and writing/rewriting rituals. Family history was notable for a maternal grandmother with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a father with repetitive eye-blinking and possible childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He had a normal birth followed by normal developmental milestones. Neurologic examination including smooth pursuit and voluntary saccadic eye movements was unremarkable.
On run time task graph extraction of SoC

System on Chip (SoC) consists of multiple cores communicating with each other using a communication back plane. The SoC programming model is based on a task graph where a node represents an operation to be scheduled on a core while the edges represent the communication between these operations. Each node and edge is weighted by duration of computation or communication. In a task graph there could be more nodes that can run in parallel than cores. This leads to a scheduling problem. Typically such scheduling is done statically during program development based on estimated execution times. In this paper we propose hardware based dynamic task scheduling driven by real execution times. A key challenge in implementing hardware based task scheduling is runtime discovery of the task graph. It has been observed that most applications have phases because of the presence of loops where only a task graph is executed repeatedly. In this work, we propose to dynamically extract the task graph information in a bus based SoC by adding extra logic to the arbiter which monitors the bus communication and extracts the task graph for the current application phase. The extracted task graph can then be used by the arbiter to adaptively change the priority for bus grant so as to maximize performance. It is seen from our experiments that in most cases it takes less than 100 task graph iterations for our algorithm to extract the application task graph. This is small as compared to millions of task graph iterations in a typical application.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Aseptic Periprosthetic Gout Flare of the Knee: A Report of 2 Cases.

Case: Gout is a rarely reported cause of a painful knee following total knee arthroplasty, but it can mimic infection in its symptomatology and workup. Two individuals who had previously undergone a knee replacement and had a history of gout had symptoms of infection. These patients presented with knee warmth and effusion, and they had elevated inflammatory markers and synovial cell counts. In both cases, there was a good response to medication, and surgery was avoided. Conclusion: Although simultaneous infection can occur, aseptic periprosthetic gout should be considered in individuals with a known history of gout, in those with a good response to anti-gout medication, and when there is an otherwise negative workup for infection.
Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A quasi-experimental sibling-comparison, population-based design

Background High maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, whether this effect is attributable to maternal or familial level confounds has been little examined. Methods The present study sought to examine these associations, utilizing data from the medical records of a health care system which treats 350,000 patients annually and a sibling-comparison design in a sample of 4,682 children born to 3,645 mothers. Results When examining the overall maternal effect, a linear association was observed between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child ADHD [b = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.02–0.06, p = .0003], such that a one-unit (i.e. 1 kg/m2) increase in prepregnancy BMI was associated with a 4% increase in the odds of ADHD (exp b = 1.04). However, when the model was reparameterized to take full advantage of the sibling design to allow for the examination of both maternal and child-specific effects, the child-specific prepregnancy BMI effect was not reliably different from zero (b = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.23 to 0.06, p = .24). In contrast, at the maternal-level, average prepregnancy BMI was a reliably non-zero predictor of child ADHD (b = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02–0.06, p < .0001) with each one-unit increase in maternal prepregnancy BMI associated with a 4.2% increase in the odds of ADHD (exp b = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02–1.06). Conclusions The association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and offspring ADHD may be better accounted for by familial or maternal confounds rather than a direct causal effect of BMI.
Stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis referred for transplant after suboptimal responses to bortezomib-based initial therapy

Stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis referred for transplant after suboptimal responses to bortezomib-based initial therapy
A Turbine-Driven Ventilator Improves Adherence to Advanced Cardiac Life Support Guidelines During a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Simulation

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that increased breathing frequency during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure. Rescuers often hyperventilate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Current American Heart Association advanced cardiac life support recommends a ventilation rate of 8–10 breaths/min. We hypothesized that a small, turbine-driven ventilator would allow rescuers to adhere more closely to advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines. METHODS: Twenty-four ACLS-certified health-care professionals were paired into groups of 2. Each team performed 4 randomized rounds of 2-min cycles of CPR on an intubated mannikin, with individuals altering between compressions and breaths. Two rounds of CPR were performed with a self-inflating bag, and 2 rounds were with the ventilator. The ventilator was set to deliver 8 breaths/min, pressure limit 22 cm H2O. Frequency, tidal volume (VT), peak inspiratory pressure, and compression interruptions (hands-off time) were recorded. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model and Welch 2-sample t test. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) frequency with the ventilator was 7.98 (7.98–7.99) breaths/min. Median (IQR) frequency with the self-inflating bag was 9.5 (8.2–10.7) breaths/min. Median (IQR) ventilator VT was 0.5 (0.5–0.5) L. Median (IQR) self-inflating bag VT was 0.6 (0.5–0.7) L. Median (IQR) ventilator peak inspiratory pressure was 22 (22–22) cm H2O. Median (IQR) self-inflating bag peak inspiratory pressure was 30 (27–35) cm H2O. Mean ± SD hands-off times for ventilator and self-inflating bag were 5.25 ± 2.11 and 6.41 ± 1.45 s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with a ventilator, volunteers ventilated with a self-inflating bag within ACLS guidelines. However, volunteers ventilated with increased variation, at higher VT levels, and at higher peak pressures with the self-inflating bag. Hands-off time was also significantly lower with the ventilator. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02743299.)
Commentary on Endenich and Trapp’s article: Openness and signaling in accounting research

Abstract This commentary develops some perspectives about openness and signaling in accounting research and offers thoughts about Endenich and Trapp’s analysis and findings. I discuss the typical thought process that my coauthors and I often use when considering target journals for our work. I also comment on Endenich and Trapp’s scope, key insights, conceptual model, and analysis. I believe that Endenich and Trapp’s analysis provides important insights about the accounting research domain, and I hope that my comments will encourage additional discussion.
Laboratory characteristics of ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation on or off therapeutic warfarin

BACKGROUND In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), despite adequate anticoagulation, ischemic stroke (IS) is an uncommon yet concerning occurrence. HYPOTHESIS Specific laboratory parameters may affect the efficacy of warfarin despite therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in patient with AF who present with IS. METHODS We used the database from a multicenter clinical trial to identify AF patients who presented with IS. We trichotomized the cohort into patients with therapeutic INR on warfarin, subtherapeutic INR on warfarin, and on no anticoagulants. We then compared baseline laboratory characteristics and other baseline features among the groups. RESULTS Patients with therapeutic INR presented with higher serum creatinine (P = 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.02) and lower glomerular filtration rates (P = 0.001) compared with other groups. Other laboratory parameters were not different among the 3 groups. Patients with therapeutic INR also presented with milder stroke symptoms (P = 0.01). Medical history of the 3 groups was not different, except for history of valvular heart disease, which was more prevalent in patients with therapeutic INR (P = 0.004). In-hospital mortality rates and 90-day disability were not different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS AF patients who presented with IS on therapeutic warfarin had higher average serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and lower glomerular filtration rates, compared with others. Impaired renal function may be a factor contributing to occurrence of IS in AF patients despite adequate anticoagulation. Larger, targeted studies are needed to confirm these findings.
An Online Risk Index for the Cross-Sectional Prediction of New HIV Chlamydia, and Gonorrhea Diagnoses Across U.S. Counties and Across Years

The present study evaluated the potential use of Twitter data for providing risk indices of STIs. We developed online risk indices (ORIs) based on tweets to predict new HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia diagnoses, across U.S. counties and across 5 years. We analyzed over one hundred million tweets from 2009 to 2013 using open-vocabulary techniques and estimated the ORIs for a particular year by entering tweets from the same year into multiple semantic models (one for each year). The ORIs were moderately to strongly associated with the actual rates (.35 < rs < .68 for 93% of models), both nationwide and when applied to single states (California, Florida, and New York). Later models were slightly better than older ones at predicting gonorrhea and chlamydia, but not at predicting HIV. The proposed technique using free social media data provides signals of community health at a high temporal and spatial resolution.
Gender and tourism: Gender, age and mountain tourism in Japan

A new form of tourism is sweeping Japan. Groups of middle-aged women, mostly aged between fifty and seventy, are collecting mountain summits. They hike up mountains in organized groups on one to four-day expeditions. It is not unusual in Japan for men and women to undertake leisure activities separately but hiking up mountains, as contrasted to mountaineering, is definitely a hobby of women. We hypothesize that Japanese women of this older generation are fitter and live longer than previous generations and have reached an age when they have both the time and money to undertake these activities. Reaching the summit is often celebrated with relaxing in baths fed by hot springs. The authors link this new form of tourism to the pilgrimages to sacred sites, often associated with mountains, popular in eighteenth century Japan. Keywords: gender, Japan, leisure activities, mountaineering, pilgrimage, tourism development
Use of some antiplatelet agents appears safe in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Romain Prader and colleagues evaluated the impact of antiplatelet (AP) drugs on length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). LOS was used as the primary endpoint as an easy to measure surrogate to account for post-op issues assuming a longer LOS means more post-op issues largely secondary to bleeding.
Licofelone Enhances the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer by Reversing Drug Resistance and Tumor Stem-like Properties

Drug development for first-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been stagnant for almost three decades. Traditional cell culture methods for primary drug screening do not always accurately reflect clinical disease. To overcome this barrier, we grew a panel of EOC cell lines in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to form multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). We characterized these MCTS for molecular and cellular features of EOC and performed a comparative screen with cells grown using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to identify previously unappreciated anticancer drugs. MCTS exhibited greater resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, showed signs of senescence and hypoxia, and expressed a number of stem cell-associated transcripts including ALDH1A and CD133, also known as PROM1 Using a library of clinically repurposed drugs, we identified candidates with preferential activity in MCTS over 2D cultured cells. One of the lead compounds, the dual COX/LOX inhibitor licofelone, reversed the stem-like properties of ovarian MCTS. Licofelone also synergized with paclitaxel in ovarian MCTS models and in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Importantly, the combination of licofelone with paclitaxel prolonged the median survival of mice (>141 days) relative to paclitaxel (115 days), licofelone (37 days), or vehicle (30 days). Increased efficacy was confirmed by Mantel-Haenszel HR compared with vehicle (HR = 0.037) and paclitaxel (HR = 0.017). These results identify for the first time an unappreciated, anti-inflammatory drug that can reverse chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer, highlighting the need to clinically evaluate licofelone in combination with first-line chemotherapy in primary and chemotherapy-refractory EOC.Significance: This study highlights the use of an in vitro spheroid 3D drug screening model to identify new therapeutic approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4370-85. ©2018 AACR.
M Inverted V Glansplasty: A Procedure for Distal Hypospadias

AbstractMinimal hypospadias is a commonly encountered anomaly. Duckett’s innovative meatoplasty and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) procedure has become a standard operation for the correction of these lesions. Although usually successful, the complication of meatal retraction has been recognized at times after a MAGPI. The M inverted V glansplasty was designed to address the factors leading to meatal retraction and the abnormal glans shape sometimes seen after the MAGPI. The M inverted V glansplasty derives its name from the initial M-shaped incision that reconfigures during the course of the procedure into an inverted V. Of 16 boys followed for more than 2 months after an M inverted V glansplasty 14 have achieved good results. The remaining 2 cases had a definite degree of meatal retraction but because of the meatal and glanular relationships they have a good cosmetic result. The technique, its indications and its limitations are described.
Direct spatial optimization in natural resource management: Four linear programming examples

This paper discusses methods for directly incorporating spatial relationships in natural resource optimization models. The approaches are contrasted with the conventional emphasis on adjacency restrictions. Four formulations are presented that address a variety of problems using linear (continuous-variable) programming, which allows reliable solvability of even very large models. The problems addressed include: habitat placement for the black-footed ferret (an aggressive disperser), habitat placement for the black-tailed prairie dog (a gregarious, recalcitrant disperser), placement of control efforts directed at restricting the spread of an exotic pest, and the semi-permanent placement of habitat for the northern spotted owl (a static problem).
Integrals with Respect to Counting Measures

Consider the set of natural numbers \(\mathbb {N}\) equipped with the σ −algebra \(\mathcal {P}(\mathbb {N})\) (i.e., all the subsets of \(\mathbb {N}\)). With this σ −algebra every subset of \(\mathbb {N}\) is measurable and every function \(a:\mathbb {N}\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}\) is measurable as well.
CAPTN: A nomogram for predicting survival and guiding therapy for patients with de novo metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

6041Background: Determining prognosis for de novo metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (mHNSCC) is difficult with limited data to direct clinical management. Recommendations for aggress...
Abstract TP359: Impact of Telemedicine Utilizing Nurse Responders on Stroke Outcomes

Background and Purpose: Some facilities are not fully equipped to manage acute stroke patients including administration of tPA. Therefore, telemedicine has played a vital role in filling this void....
Nonlinear Parallel-Pumped FMR: Three and Four Magnon Processes

The nonlinear response of a magnetic thin film subject to microwave radiation is quantitatively predicted in the steady state. Three- and four-magnon processes are shown to cause this nonlinearity with a strong dependence on magnetic bias field, microwave frequency, and applied power. Predictions are calculated using large-scale micromagnetic simulations executed on graphics processing units (GPUs) and include thermal fluctuations. A 2-D simulation paradigm is proposed for reducing the resource requirements while being able to capture the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the significant microwave-ferromagnet interactions in the parallel pumping configuration. A mathematical formalism specific to thin films is then developed to explain the aforementioned behavior of such magnetic materials based on their predicted magnon dispersion relation. The simulated predictions for high-power (nonlinear) performance are in close agreement with experiment even though the material parameters are only taken from low-power (linear) data.
Virtual Interviews for the Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency Match: The Program Director Perspective.

Interviews for the integrated plastic surgery residency match took place in a virtual format for the 2020-2021 application cycle. Current literature lacks the perspectives of program directors (PDs) on virtual interviews compared with traditional in-person interviews. Methods Following institutional review board approval, an anonymous 17-question survey was distributed by email to 82 program directors of integrated plastic surgery residency programs in the United States. Participants were asked baseline program information, the number of positions and interview invites offered, and their perspectives on various aspects of the virtual interview process. Results Sixty-two (75.6%) PDs completed the survey. Thirty-seven percent reported increasing the number of interview offers per available residency spot. On a five-point Likert scale (1, not well at all; 5, extremely well), PDs showed no significant differences in their ability judge an applicant's professionalism (3.1 ± 1.1), interpersonal and communication skills (3.2 ± 1.1), and "fit" with their program (2.9 ± 0.9) during virtual interviews (P = 0.360). Sixty-eight percent reported being satisfied (15.3% extremely satisfied, 52.5% somewhat satisfied) with the virtual interview process, though 76.3% preferred in-person interviews. Conclusions This study is the first to provide insight into PDs' impressions of virtual residency interviews. Although most reported being satisfied with the virtual interview process, the majority still preferred in-person interviews. Further long-term studies evaluating the pros and cons of each interview modality may provide more information on whether virtual interviews could become a sustainable alternative to the traditional in-person residency interview.