cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine liposome oxidation by porcine plasma

Porcine plasma inhibited iron-catalyzed lipid oxidation at the pH range (5.5–7.0) and temperatures (4–37°C) commonly found in food. Increasing concentrations of frozen-thawed plasma resulted in increased antioxidant activity until 100% inhibition was reached at 5.36 mg plasma protein/mL assay. In addition to iron, porcine plasma also inhibited hydrogen peroxide-activated hemoglobin- and photoactivated riboflavin-catalyzed lipid oxidation. The plasma partially lost antioxidant activity during refrigerator storage (4°C) after 8 days but not during frozen storage (−15°C) after 246 days. Dialyzing the plasma increased inhibition of iron-catalyzed lipid oxidation 1.8-fold higher than undialyzed plasma (1.5 mg plasma protein/mL).
Comparison of the Effects of Sonolysis and γ-Radiolysis on Dissolved Organic Matter

The effects of 640 kHz sonolysis and 60Co gamma-radiolysis on dissolved organic matter (DOM) were compared through UV/ vis absorption spectrometric, dissolved organic carbon concentration ([DOC]), and potentiometric titration analyses. A reverse-phase chromatographic technique was used to compare changes in the DOM hydrophobicity distribution, and a size exclusion chromatographic technique with inline UV-A absorbance, fluorescence, and [DOC] detectors was used to compare changes in the DOM molecular weight distribution. Whereas upon radiolysis major decreases in absorbance and [DOC] were induced and near-total DOC removal was achieved, upon sonolysis there were major decreases in UV/vis absorbance but only minor decreases in [DOC], and a substantial quantity of hydrophilic nonchromophoric material remained in solution. In radiolysis, hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM solution components were exposed to equal hydroxyl radical (*OH) concentrations. However, in sonolysis, hydrophobic DOM components were exposed to more elevated *OH concentrations than the hydrophilic components and consequently had enhanced rates of degradation. Sonolysis may be of interest in the design of advanced oxidation processes in which the selective elimination of hydrophobic solution components, such as hydrophobic organic contaminants and hydrophobic DOM domains into which they partition, is desired.
Antiplane Strain Problems of an Elliptic Inclusion in an Anisotropic Medium

The antiplane strain problem of an elliptic inclusion in an anisotropic medium with one plane of symmetry is solved. Explicit expressions of compact form are obtained for the elastic field inside the inclusion, the stress at the boundary, and the strain energy of the system. The perturbation of an otherwise uniform stress field due to an elliptic inhomogeneity is studied, and explicit solutions are given for the extreme cases of an elliptic cavity and a rigid elliptic inhomogeneity. It is found that both the stress magnification at the edge of the inhomogeneity and the increase of strain energy depend only on the component P23A of the applied stress for an elongated cavity; and depend only on the component E13A of the applied strain for a rigid line inhomogeneity.
New techniques in large scale metrology toolset data mining to accelerate integrated chip technology development and increase manufacturing efficiencies

Today, metrology toolsets report out more information than ever. This information applies not only to process performance but also metrology toolset and recipe performance through various diagnostic metrics. This is most evident on the Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM). Today state of the art CD-SEMs report out over 250 individual data points and several images per measurement. It is typical for a state of the art fab with numerous part numbers to generate at least 20TB of information over the course of a year on the CD-SEM fleet alone pushing metrology toolsets into the big data regime. Most of this comes from improvements in throughput, increased sampling and new data outputs relative to previous generations of tools. Oftentimes, these new data outputs are useful for helping to determine if the process, metrology recipe or tool is deviating from an ideal state. Many issues could be missed by singularly looking at the key process control metric like the bottom critical dimension (CD) or a small subset of this available information. By leveraging the entire data set the mean time to detect and finding the root cause of issues can be significantly reduced. In this paper a new data mining system is presented that achieves this goal. Examples are shown with a focus on the benefits realized using this new system which helps speed up development cycles of learning and reducing manufacturing cycle-time. This paper concludes discussing future directions to make this capability more effective.
Three Ethical Roots of the Economic Crisis.

On Sept 15, 2008, ‘‘Dark Monday,’’ the world witnessed a radical reshaping of Wall Street. Lehman Brothers fell toward bankruptcy; Merrill Lynch was sold to its rival, Bank of America; and AIG pleaded for $40 billion in government relief. Those calamities marched in step with a dismal parade including the US government takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the bailout of Bear Stearns, and the entire subprime debacle. We rightly blame Wall Street leaders for bungling business decisions, for misestimating risk and overloading banks with single-strategy investments. We now are living with the aftermath of these business mistakes. But how about ethical mistakes? Were they, too, part of the crisis? Of course we need and certainly will get more robust regulation. We have been reminded that banks are like utilities. We must keep the lights on; we must heat our homes. The biggest banks cannot fail; and that’s why at least the utility-like portion of banking will have to be regulated, and regulated more firmly. That’s an important
Discrete-time control design with positive semi-definite Lyapunov functions

Abstract A useful stability analysis technique from continuous-time nonlinear systems (Iggidr et al., Systems Control Lett. 9 (1996) 95) is extended to the discrete-time domain. The result is illustrated on a practical example.
Sexual health interventions targeting Mexican migrants: a review

Purpose – A systematic literature review was performed to better understand the health promotion interventions proposed within the academic literature that aim to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted disease (STD) among Mexican migrants. Design/methodology/approach – The systematic review performed in this paper aimed to answer the research question: What interventions have been proposed within the academic literature to reduce the incidence of STD among Mexican migrants? A five-step decision tree was developed to review the 5,121 generated from the initial query. The final data set included 384 articles, 19 of which focussed on the target population. Findings – Results of the systematic review reflected eight themes: cultural, attitudinal, and contextual considerations, behavior modification, demographic factors, education, community mobilization, and access to services. The majority of themes suggest that structural level change is needed. Originality/value – Research on Mexican migrants in the USA...
The Hydrogeology of Los Alamos National Laboratory: Site History and Overview of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Issues

This summary paper describes the hydrogeologic setting and site history for the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and as such, serves as an introduction to this special section in Vadose Zone Journal on the LANL site. Since 1943, LANL has operated on the Pajarito Plateau of north-central New Mexico, performing national security research and development, particularly involving nuclear weapons design and engineering. There is an ongoing environmental characterization and remediation program as a result of the legacy of these operations. The flow and transport processes in the thick vadose zone in this semiarid region have been examined extensively at this site, and significant scientific findings have advanced our understanding and predictive abilities. This special section highlights the noteworthy field and modeling investigations conducted at LANL. The authors believe that these articles will be of benefit to the community of hydrologists working on vadose zone flow and transport by providing complex observational data sets and accompanying modeling studies to interpret the field data.
Isolation of dysprosium and yttrium complexes of a three-electron reduction product in the activation of dinitrogen, the (N2)3- radical.

DyI2 reacts with 2 equiv of KOAr (OAr = OC6H3(CMe3)2-2,6) under nitrogen to form not only the (N2)2− complex, [(ArO)2(THF)2Dy]2(μ-η2:η2-N2), 1, but also complexes of similar formula with an added potassium ion, [(ArO)2(THF)Dy]2(μ-η2:η2-N2)[K(THF)6], 2, and [(ArO)2(THF)Dy]2(μ3-η2:η2:η2-N2)K(THF), 3. The 1.396(7) and 1.402(7) A N−N bond distances in 2 and 3, respectively, are consistent with an (N2)3− ligand, but the high magnetic moment of 4f9 Dy3+ precluded definitive identification. The Y[N(SiMe3)2]3/K reduction system was used to synthesize yttrium analogues of 2 and 3, {[(Me3Si)2N]2(THF)Y}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)[K(THF)6] and {[(Me3Si)2N]2(THF)Y}2(μ3-η2:η2:η2-N2)K, that had similar N−N distances and allowed full characterization. EPR, Raman, and DFT studies are all consistent with the presence of (N2)3− in these complexes. 15N analogues were also prepared to confirm the spectroscopic assignments. The DFT studies suggest that the unpaired electron is localized primarily in a dinitrogen π orbital isolated spatially...
Comparison of spectrophotometric and radioisotopic methods for the assay of Rubisco in ozone‐treated plants

Radioisotopic and spectrophotometric assays for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) initial and final activities and Rubisco content were compared in plants chronically exposed to ozone (03) in a greenhouse and the field. In a greenhouse experiment, Glycine max was treated in exposure chambers with either charcoal-filtered air (CF air) or 100 nl 03 l -1 for 6 h daily during vegetative growth. Samples were collected after 7 days of exposure. In a field experiment, G. max was treated in open-top chambers with either CF air or nonfiltered air with O 3 added at 1.5 times ambient O 3 for 12 h daily. Average daily O 3 concentrations were 21 and 92 nl l -1 in the CF and O 3 treatments, respectively. Samples were collected during vegetative and reproductive growth. Both assays generally yielded comparable Rubisco initial and final activities for greenhouse-grown plants regardless of the O 3 treatment. However for field-grown plants, Rubisco initial and final activities averaged 15 and 23% lower when assayed by the spectrophotometric rather than the radioisotopic method. For Rubisco content estimated by the spectrophotometric method, lower r 2 values for the regression of Rubisco activity vs concentration of carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate were observed in O 3 - than in CF-treated plants. Both assays yielded comparable Rubisco contents in the greenhouse and in the field although the variation was larger with the spectrophotometric method in field-grown plants. Growth conditions, field vs greenhouse, were more critical to the spectrophotometric assay performance than the O 3 treatments for measurement of Rubisco activity and content.
Vortices and NMR in rotating 3 He-B

The core structure of singly quantized vortices in3He-B is studied in the Ginzburg-Landau regime. For zero magnetic field, variational estimates indicate a core anisotropy; the gap is suppressed along the component of n in the plane perpendicular to the vortex axis within a core of radius ∼6ξ. For large fields (∼300 Oe) parallel to the vortex axis, a similar transverse anisotropy occurs, but its azimuthal direction is degenerate to leading order. The effective coupling constant λ in a rotating system arises from the kinetic energy of the flow, with anisotropy contributions smaller by two orders of magnitude. Predictions about the transverse NMR are compared with the observed resonances; detection of the corresponding longitudinal modes could help confirm the theoretical description.
A Silicon Carbide Accelerometer for Extreme Environment Applications

A polycrystalline silicon carbide (poly-SiC) surface-micromachined capacitive accelerometer is designed, fabricated and tested. Leveraging the superior thermo-mechanical and chemical resistance properties of SiC, the device is a first step toward cost-effective implementation of a new class of extreme environment accelerometers, for example for high temperature vibration and shock measurements, even thought this initial work is at room temperature. The accelerometer described herein is designed for a range of 5000 g and a bandwidth of 18 kHz, specifications consistent with commercially available piezoelectric devices for high-level mechanical impact measurements. Test results demonstrate the sensor achieving a resolution of 350 mg/√Hz at 1kHz with a sensitivity of 12 μV/g and a bandwidth of 10 kHz at room temperature.
Cell-biological applications of transfected-cell microarrays

Cell microarrays are a recent addition to the set of tools available for functional genomic studies. Each cell microarray is a slide with thousands of cell clusters that are each transfected with a defined DNA, which directs either the overproduction or the inhibition of a particular gene product. By using a range of detection assays, the phenotypic consequences of perturbing each gene in mammalian cells can be probed in a systematic, high-throughput fashion. Combining well-established methods for cellular investigation with the miniaturization and multiplexing capabilities of microarrays, cell arrays are a versatile tool that can be useful in many cell-biological applications.
Serotonergic stimulation of the ventrolateral striatum induces orofacial stereotypy

Abstract Dopaminergic (DA) stimulation of the ventrolateral Striatum produces a syndrome of intense orofacial stereotypies. In addition to dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra, the Striatum receives Serotonergic (5-HT) inputs arising from the raphe nuclei. To assess the putative role of striatal 5-HT in orofacial movements, serotonin (0, 0.2, 2, 10, 20 μg/1.0 μl) was infused into the ventrolateral Striatum and behaviors were recorded using a time-sampling procedure. Serotonin produced a dose-dependent, site-specific increase in stereotyped orofacial behaviors. Infusion of selective 5-HT receptor agonists or uptake inhibitors did not produce the orofacial syndrome and pretreatment with either selective or nonselective 5-HT receptor antagonists did not block the 5-HT induced Stereotypy. In contrast, pretreatment with DA receptor antagonists completely abolished the 5-HT induced repetitive orofacial movements, providing evidence for a 5-HT/DA interaction at this site. Moreover, depletion of DA with a combination of reserpine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine markedly decreased the stereotyped behaviors induced by 5-HT microinfusion. These data provide evidence for an interaction between 5-HT and DA in the Striatum at presynaptic DA terminals. It is hypothesized that 5-HT may cause release of DA via reversal of the DA transporter. This syndrome may provide an animal model for some aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder, because current theories of this disorder implicate 5-HT dysfunction in the basal ganglia.
Influence of applied nitrogen on potato part I: Yield, quality, and Nitrogen uptake

Fertilizer nitrogen (N) may be managed to increase crop production and profitability while reducing nitrate contamination of groundwater. A two-year field investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of applied N on tuber yield and quality, dry matter production and N uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russet Burbank) grown on irrigated sandy soils in Michigan. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] at rates of 0, 56 and 112, kg N ha−1 in a single application at planting or 112 and 168 kg N ha−1 in split applications during the growing season. Total tuber yield generally increased with N applications up to 112 kg N ha−1. Only one of the three experimental sites showed an increase in marketable tuber yield when 112 kg N ha−1 was split evenly between planting and tuber initiation. Tuber specific gravity was not affected by N rate. Nitrogen rates of 112–168 kg N ha−1 maximized dry matter production and plant tissue N concentration at onset of maturity and harvest. Tuber N concentration at harvest ranged from 13–17 g kg−1 at two of the three locations. Values for the third experiment were 10–13 g N kg−1. Whole crop N uptake at onset of senescence ranged from 45 to 225 kg N ha−1 across all locations and treatments. An average of 67 percent of this N was found in tubers at harvest. Nitrogen fertilization exceeded N removal in harvested tubers by more than 50 kg N ha−1 only for the 168 kg N ha−1 treatment. These results indicate that acceptable tuber yield can be obtained with lower N rates than those currently used by most producers, with the potential for reducing net loss of N from the soil.
Using Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in Soil Toxicity Testing

Soil bioassays are important tools for evaluating toxicological effects within the terrestrial environment. The American Society for Testing and Materials E2172-01 Standard Guide outlines a method for conducting laboratory soil toxicity tests using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This method is an efficient tool for extracting C. elegans from soil samples and can be carried out after a 24-h exposure period using relatively small amounts of soil. Drawbacks of this method include problems with (1) recovery of nematodes from soils containing a high percentage of organic matter, and (2) distinguishing indigenous nematode species from nematodes added for the laboratory test. Due in part to these issues, C. elegans has not been extensively accepted for use in soil testing. To address these concerns and improve upon the American Society for Testing and Materials method, this project focused on using transgenic strains of C. elegans carrying a GFP-expressing element. Lethality and behavior tests revealed that the transgenic nematodes respond similarly to the wild-type N2 strain, indicating that they can be used in the same manner in soil testing. The GFP marker is easily identifiable not only within soils containing a large amount of organic matter, but also in field-collected soils containing indigenous nematodes. These results support the use of transgenic GFP C. elegans in soil bioassays as a tool to further the reliability of laboratory toxicity tests.
The interactions of the HIV gp41 fusion peptides with zwitterionic membrane mimics determined by NMR spectroscopy.

Abstract The wild-type (wt) N-terminal 23-residue fusion peptide (FP) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion protein gp41 and its V2E mutant have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles as membrane mimics. A number of NMR techniques have been used. Pulsed field-gradient diffusion measurements in DPC and in 4:1 DPC/sodium dodecylsulfate mixed micelles showed that there is no major difference between the partition coefficients of the fusogenic wt peptide and the V2E mutant in these micelles, indicating that there is no correlation between the activity of the fusion peptides and their membrane affinities. The nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) patterns and the chemical shift index for these two peptides indicated that both FP are in an α helical conformation between the Ile4 to Leu12 or to Ala15 region. Simulated annealing showed that the helical region extends from Ile4 to Met19. The two FPs share similar conformational characteristics, indicating that the conformation of the FP is not an important factor determining its activity. The spin-label studies, utilizing spin labels 5- and 16-doxystearic acids in the DPC micelles, provided clear indication that the wt FP inserts its N-terminus into the micelles while the V2E mutant does not insert into the micelles. The conclusion from the spin-label results is corroborated by deuterium amide proton exchange experiments. The correlation between the oblique insertion of the FP and its fusogenic activity is in excellent agreement with results from our molecular dynamics simulation and from other previous studies.
Avoidance of information technology threats: a theoretical perspective

This paper describes the development of the technology threat avoidance theory (TTAT), which explains individual IT users' behavior of avoiding the threat of malicious information technologies. We articulate that avoidance and adoption are two qualitatively different phenomena and contend that technology acceptance theories provide a valuable, but incomplete, understanding of users' IT threat avoidance behavior. Drawing from cybernetic theory and coping theory, TTAT delineates the avoidance behavior as a dynamic positive feedback loop in which users go through two cognitive processes, threat appraisal and coping appraisal, to decide how to cope with IT threats. In the threat appraisal, users will perceive an IT threat if they believe that they are susceptible to malicious IT and that the negative consequences are severe. The threat perception leads to coping appraisal, in which users assess the degree to which the IT threat can be avoided by taking safeguarding measures based on perceived effectiveness and costs of the safeguarding measure and self-efficacy of taking the safeguarding measure. TTAT posits that users are motivated to avoid malicious IT when they perceive a threat and believe that the threat is avoidable by taking safeguarding measures; if users believe that the threat cannot be fully avoided by taking safeguarding measures, they would engage in emotion-focused coping. Integrating process theory and variance theory, TTAT enhances our understanding of human behavior under IT threats and makes an important contribution to IT security research and practice.
Innovation Diffusion in Heterogeneous Populations

New ideas, products, and practices take time to diffuse, a fact that is often attributed to some form of heterogeneity among potential adopters. This paper examines three broad classes of diffusion models -- contagion, social influence, and social learning – and shows how to incorporate heterogeneity into each at a high level of generality without losing analytical tractability. Each type of model leaves a characteristic ‘footprint’ on the shape of the adoption curve that provides a basis for discriminating empirically between them. The approach is illustrated using the classic study of Ryan and Gross on the diffusion of hybrid corn.
SEASONALITY OF PRECIPITATION IN THE UNITED STATES

The assumption is made that mean monthly rainfall totals for a location are vector quantities, magnitude being the amount of rain, and direction being the month expressed in units of arc. When monthly figures are added vectorially, the resultant can be used to compute a Seasonality Index, which is the ratio of the magnitude of the resultant to the mean annual rainfall total. The period of seasonal concentration is given by the direction of the resultant. Data from several hundred stations in the United States and adjacent regions are analyzed by this method, and maps of Seasonality Index and Period of Seasonal Concentration are presented.
The problem: How many patients live in residential care facilities?

As a result of the depopulation of state hospitals in the 1960s, hundreds of thousands of patients were released into the community. In a relatively short period a new system of residential community care emerged for persons who would have otherwise had to spend a major part of their lives in an institution. Many of these patients were transferred to transitional residential facilities, where they received support and assistance. The goal of these facilities was to assist these patients so they would be able to live independently. This system included halfway houses, three-quarter-way houses, cooperative apartments, crisis lodge facilities, specialized hotels, and residential care facilities (RCFs). Residential care facilities
Compact expressions for radiated fields of patch antennas

Theoretical expressions for the fields radiated by microstrip antennas have been developed extensively since the late 1970s. The general nature of the analysis is to formulate the solution for the fields into Sommerfeld-like integrals that uniquely meet the boundary conditions of the problem. The solution, in integral form, can then be evaluated using asymptotic techniques such as stationary phase or saddle point integration. The resulting expressions are described and presented here in a compact format. Although not new information, the organization of the expressions lends insight into why certain blind angles (associated with surface waves) are seen in either the E- or H-planes in patch array configurations.
ELECTRODELESS DISCHARGE TUBES CONTAINING RARE EARTH AND HEAVY ELEMENT HALIDES

A method is described for the preparation of electrodeless discharge tubes containing very pure rare earth and heavy element halides. Successful tubes have been prepared using Nd, Pm, Tb, U, Pu, Np, and Am. The effect of changing vapor pressure of the metal in the discharge is discussed and representative spectra shown.
Acute acromioclavicular separations A 20-year study

One hundred and twenty-two acromioclavicular separations treated surgically at the Campbell Clinic from 1956 to 1976 have been studied. On group of 44 patients who had primary excision of the distal clavicle with repair of ligaments was compared with another group of 78 patients who had primary repair of the ligaments only. Of the original 122 patients (average age, 27 years; range, 12 to 64 years), 112 were male and 10 were female. Eighty-six of the 122 patients were reevaluated (average follow-up, 4.4 years; range, 1 to 16 years). No difference in the two groups was apparent in range of motion or in muscle power/weakness, as tested by resistive examination. There was no correlation between presence or amount of degenerative changes in the acromioclavicular joint and the patient's symptomatology. Of the group who had excision of the distal end of the clavicle, only 4.5% had degenerative joint disease as compared with 24.3% of the other group. Repair of the coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments, with a beveled excision of the distal 1 cm of clavicle, has been a successful and reliable method for treating Type III (complete disruption of acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments and tears of deltoid and trapezius muscle attachments from the clavicle) and some Type II (complete disruption of capsule and acromioclavicular ligaments) injuries.
Acting ”Cool” and ”Appropriate”: Toward a Framework for considering Literacy Classroom Interactions When Race is a Factor

In this article I draw on 3 incidents to investigate how teachers and students purposefully negotiate to manage incipient conflict when race is a confounding factor. I do so to propose a methodolog...
Ergodic capacity of doubly selective Rayleigh fading MIMO channels

The ergodic capacity is investigated for doubly selective (frequency selective and time varying) MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. A closed form formula is derived that quantifies the effect of the ISI fading on the ergodic capacity into an ISI degradation factor. It is discovered that, in general frequency selective MIMO channels, the inter-tap correlations of the ISI fading will reduce the ergodic capacity comparing to the frequency flat fading channel. Only in the special case when the ISI fading does not have inter-tap correlations will the ergodic capacity be the same as that of the frequency flat channel. This new formula is mathematically proved and experimentally verified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
Maternity Ward Closures in Philadelphia: Using GIS to Measure Disruptions in Essential Health Services

GIS is a robust analysis tool capable of contributing to a more comprehensive study of public health issues than was possible using traditional methods. By analyzing the issue of maternity ward closures in Philadelphia, this paper explores the proper methods for utilizing, processing, and analyzing sensitive public health data. These analytical methods are underutilized in public health research due to widespread unfamiliarity with GIS technology as well as difficulty in accessing accurate data. Understanding and adopting GIS technology is valuable to the assessment, allocation, and delivery of health care services.
Factors that affect the performance of the DCT-block based image watermarking algorithms

This paper presents results of an experiment performed on DCT block-based image watermarking algorithm. It also proposes and describes four factors that influence the performance of DCT block-based image watermarking algorithm. The experimental results show a great improvement on the performance of implementing the DCT block-based along with the proposed four factors.
An institutional explanation of the democratic peace

We examine formally the link between domestic political institutions and policy choices in the context of eight empirical regularities that constitute the democratic peace. We demonstrate that democratic leaders, when faced with war, are more inclined to shift extra resources into the war effort than are autocrats. This follows because the survival of political leaders with larger winning coalitions hinges on successful policy. The extra effort made by democrats provides a military advantage over autocrats. This makes democrats unattractive targets, since their institutional constraints cause them to mobilize resources for the war effort. In addition to trying harder, democrats are more selective in their choice of targets. Because defeat is more likely to lead to domestic replacement for democrats than for autocrats, democrats only initiate wars they expect to win. These two factors lead to the interaction between polities that is often referred to as the democratic peace.
Conjugation: the major metabolic pathway of C-diflubenzuron in the house fly.

Diflubenzuron, (N-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide) , uniformly labeled with carbon-14 in both rings, was used in the study of its metabolism in Musca domestica L. Seventy-two h after injection of 2684 dpm/fly, the distribution of radioactivity was 78.4% in treated flies of which 74% was unchanged diflubenzuron and 4.4% was diflubenzuron conjugate, and 16.5% in the excreta of which all radioactivity was accounted for by diflubenzuron conjugates. Percentages were calculated on the basis of the total injected amount. Upon hydrolysis of the excreta extract in 1 N HCl at 80°C for 3–5 h, the diflubenzuron conjugates yielded a single nonpolar compound that accounted for 70% of radioactivity and one unknown polar compound that accounted for 30% of radioactivity. This nonpolar compound isolated from acid hydrolysis of the excreta was identified as N-[[(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide . The house flies were unable to cleave the diflubenzuron molecule between the carbonyl and amide groups of the urea bridge. The intact diflubenzuron molecule reacted at the 2 position of the aniline ring to form more than one conjugate with normal fly constituents, which were immediately excreted as polar compounds. The diflubenzuron conjugates were stable to alkaline conditions, soluble in water or acetonitrile, and insoluble in acetone.
An Interdisciplinary Code of Ethics for Adult Education.

We believe it is time to develop a code of ethics as an important step in establishing interdisciplinary identity and credibility for adult education. The first section of this paper outlines five basic principles which could serve as a common ground for all adult educators: social responsibility as the most important principle, an inclusive philosophy of education for a foundation, pluralism as a strength but greater unity a worthy goal, respect for learners, and educators. As part of this discussion, we answer objections from those who question the wisdom of developing a code.
Trends in world and extended-length cruising (1985–2002)

Abstract This paper documents recent activity of the world and extended-length cruise markets—a neglected area of research within the scholarly literature. A comparative empirical analysis is provided that identifies and reviews the status and trends of these two markets. It also tests and supports three broad hypotheses regarding cruise ship attributes and cruise characteristics. Additional findings of the research are reported regarding change.
A 0.3 to 3 GHz monolithic vector modulation for adaptive array systems

A monolithic vector modulator element has been demonstrated that combines the biphase modulation and gain control functions on a single chip covering the 0.3- to 3-GHz frequency band. Over 50 dB of gain control is provided. The implementation and the MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) description are presented, and the RF performance is discussed. >
LINEAR STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH LATENT VARIABLES: THE LISREL MODEL

The LISREL model analyzes complex interrelationships involving latent variables, effectively integrating the widely used factor analysis and regression procedures. A residential mobility example, calibrated for Portland, OR, suggests that turnover rates are both directly and indirectly influenced by latent variables representing housing type, housing quality, family status, and socioeconomic status.
Le Black Theatre Workshop de Montréal : un nouveau bilan

Meme si la presence des Noirs au Quebec remonte a l’epoque de la Nouvelle-France, leur histoire demeure meconnue. Dans cet article, l’auteur tâche de remedier a cette lacune, en partie du moins, en dressant le portrait d’une importante institution culturelle noire, plus precisement le Black Theatre Workshop. Compagnie theâtrale montrealaise d’expression anglaise, le Black Theatre Workshop sert a la fois de phare communautaire et artistique et de miroir revelant les revendications sociales et politiques des Noirs au Quebec et en Amerique du Nord. Mene sur l’arriere-plan d’une societe elle-meme en voie de transformation, le portrait ici trace laisse emerger une comprehension plus large du theâtre quebecois.
Head and neck squamous and thyroid carcinomas: multiplexed Luminex approaches for early detection

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a broad group of malignancies affecting a number of organs in this anatomical region. The most common histologic type is mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). SCCHN accounts for ∼ 50,000 annual cases of HNC in the US. It is an aggressive disease that has been linked to altered growth factor signaling, immune inflammatory responses and angiogenesis. In addition to mucosal SCCHN, increasing frequency of cancer of the thyroid gland has also been recognized over the past several decades. There is a growing interest in the use of biomarker approaches for the early detection of SCCHN and thyroid cancer. This article provides an overview of SCCHN and thyroid cancer and outlines the rationale and need for the clinical application of multiplexed ELISA-based assays as serum proteomic studies for early detection of cancer. Although thyroid cancer has a generally favorable long-term outcome, its screening and diagnosis pose a challenge due to the prevalence...
Measurement of heroin and its metabolites by isotope-dilution electron- impact mass spectrometry

A solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the isolation of heroin, 6-acetylmorphine, and morphine from blood, plasma, saliva, and urine with subsequent assay by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Aprotic solvents, mild elution conditions, and an enzyme inhibitor were used to ensure maximum analyte stability. Samples were extracted and the extract was divided into two equal portions. One portion was assayed directly for heroin; detector response was linear over a concentration range of 1.0 to 250 micrograms/L. The second part of the extract was reacted with N-methyl-bis-trifluoroacetamide and assayed for the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of 6-acetylmorphine and morphine; detector response was linear over a concentration range of 1.0 to 500 micrograms/L. The limit of sensitivity was 1.0 microgram/L for each analyte. Hydrolysis of heroin to 6-acetylmorphine during extraction and analysis was < 5%. The method can be used to corroborate heroin use and to study the pharmacological effects of heroin and its metabolites.
Boundary conditions and buffering effects: Does depressive symptomology moderate the effectiveness of self-distancing for facilitating adaptive emotional analysis?

Recent findings indicate that a critical factor determining whether people’s attempts to adaptively analyze negative experiences succeed or fail is the type of self-perspective (self-immersed vs. self-distanced) they adopt while analyzing negative feelings. The present research examined whether these findings generalize to individuals displaying high levels of depression symptoms who are particularly vulnerable to rumination. Findings revealed that the effectiveness of self-distancing for attenuating emotional reactivity increased linearly with depression symptoms. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that participants tendency to recount vs. reconstrue their experience accounted for the regulatory effects of selfdistancing on emotional reactivity regardless of depression symptoms.
hvMuseum: A Participatory Online Museum of Everyday Artifacts for Cultural Awareness

The hvMuseum, an online platform for data collection and exhibition, empowers Internet users from around the world with opportunities for curatorial, contributory, and appreciatory types of museum participation. With unique, authentic and up-to-date information contributed by the locals of various countries, and displayed in a two-dimensional matrix for horizontal and vertical comparisons, the hvMuseum facilitates a viewer’s inductive thinking that leads to learning opportunities and appreciation of the breadth and diversities of natural and man-made artifacts.
Cross Resistance to Acaricides in European Red Mite

Two populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), that were resistant to Tedion® (2,4,4',5-tetrachlorodiphenyl sulfone) in 1960 continued to be resistant to this acaricide in 1961. Two similar Tedion-resistant populations were not resistant to Kelthane® (1,1-bis( p -chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol), and one Tedion-resistant population was not resistant to a Kelthane-Tedion mixture containing one-half the standard concentration of each. Two populations that were resistant to Kelthane in 1960 continued to be resistant to Kelthane in 1961. Two other Kelthane resistant populations were resistant to Tedion in 1961, one population strongly so. Another Kelthane-resistant population was not resistant to the Kelthane-Tedion mixture described above, but the data indicated that resistance will probably develop after exposure to this mixture for a comparatively few more generations. During 1961, the fourth consecutive season in which the Kelthane-Tedion mixture had been the only acaricide used on them, five populations of the European red mite exhibited resistance to this mixture in varying degrees. Of five populations of the European red mite that had been exposed to alternate applications of Kelthane and Tedion as the only acaricide treatment in 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961, one population exhibited strong resistance to these acaricides applied in this manner, two populations moderate resistance, one slight resistance, and one no resistance. In the Kelthane-Tedion mixture series and the alternate-application series, the resistance exhibited in 1961 may be greater than indicated because the acaricides were applied more often in 1961than in the three preceding years.
Magnetic studies on RCo 3 B 2 ( R =Sm, Gd, Er)

Compounds RCo3B2 withR=Sm, Gd, and Er were prepared and identified structurally by X-ray diffraction. Magnetic properties of these materials were studied down to liquid He temperature. The materials order ferromagnetically (e.g.,T c for GdCo3B2 is 58 K). The magnitude of saturation moments indicates that Co is nonmagnetic in this environment. Bulk specimens of the compound SmCo3B2 show extraordinarily high coercive forces at 4.2 K (H c =50 kOe). The second-order crystal field term of Sm in this compound is calculated on the point charge crystal field model and is found to be considerably larger than the one of Sm in SmCo5. This is mainly due to the unusual ratio of the lattice constants.
Effects of platelet transfusions: plug formation and maintenance of vascular integrity.

SummarySeparate mechanisms of action account for the effects of platelets on maintenance of vascular endothelium and on bleeding from mechanically injured vessels. Circulating platelets in excess of 50,000/mm3 are needed in thrombocytopenic dogs to consistently reduce their bleeding time to normal levels. Significant reduction of red cell diapedesis into the lymph, an index of endothelial damage, was observed following transfusions of small amounts of platelets in the same animal model whether or not the platelet count was increased. The known dependence of the bleeding time on “hemostatic plug” formation suggests that higher levels of circulating platelets are needed for its adequate formation, while small numbers of functional platelets may be needed to support the integrity of vascular endothelium. Since endothelial changes appear to account for initiating spontaneous bleeding and lack of hemostatic plug formation for its continuation, various programs of platelet replacement may be needed by thrombocy...
Immigration and Housing: United States

The United States is currently in the midst of a major wave of immigration, primarily from Latin America and Asia. The housing trajectories of contemporary immigrants are of theoretical and public policy relevance because (1) immigrants represent a large and growing segment of the population, and thus will help shape overall US housing patterns and (2) access to homeownership and quality housing and neighbourhoods will have an important influence on the prospects for immigrant assimilation and adaptation. As such, this article addresses the confluence of factors that shape immigrant housing outcomes in the United States.
The Earth, Life, and Energy Cycles

Life has many rhythms and cycles. Many patterns are imposed upon life by the physical order of the planets. The cycles of the planets are numerous and complicated and contribute the dimension of time to the Earth’s physical processes. These rhythms result from the orbital motions of the planets. They tend to create an orderly pattern of energy flow on the Earth. The patterns of day and night, flood and ebb tides, seasons, the revolution of the Moon around the Earth and of the Earth around the Sun, are events that influence organisms in important ways. In contrast to the relatively chaotic physical processes discussed in the last chapter, this chapter examines another basic condition of the Earth — the systematic patterns of cycles that are an inherent aspect of our planet.
The dwarf and the gateway

Commenting retrospectively on his first book, The Birth of Tragedy , Nietzsche remarks: “What a shame that I did not dare say as a poet what I had to say then: I might have been able to do it!” (BT P:3). Since an essential part of what he had to say then concerned his dismay at Socrates' triumph over the Dionysian, Nietzsche thus hints that his most important later work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra , is a renewed, and this time appropriately poetic attempt to overcome Socrates' resulting influence as “the one turning point and vortex of so-called world-history” (BT 15). And since Nietzsche also tells us that eternal recurrence is the fundamental thought of that later work, we are led to conclude further that he now intends this doctrine, as taught by “that Dionysian monster who bears the name Zarathustra” (BT P:7), to be the site of his decisive and world-historic agon with Plato's Socrates. As we have seen, the concluding trilogy of Gay Science aphorisms anticipates the victory of Nietzsche's dying Zarathustra over Plato's dying Socrates in the psychological contest as to who is better disposed to life. Whereas the Phaedo 's Socrates would have been psychologically crushed by the deathbed revelation that he would have to eternally relive his life, Nietzsche invents an antipode that will crave nothing more fervently than this last confirmation and seal.
Transforming Post-Secondary Education in Mathematics

In this chapter I introduce and describe the work of mathematicians and mathematics educators in the group Transforming Post-Secondary Education in Mathematics (TPSE Math or TPSE, for short). TPSE aims to coordinate and drive constructive change in education in the mathematical sciences at 2- and 4-year colleges and universities across the nation. It seeks to build on the successes of the entire mathematical sciences community.
Metallocene-Containing Homopolymers and Heterobimetallic Block Copolymers via Photoinduced RAFT Polymerization

We report the synthesis of cationic cobaltocenium and neutral ferrocene containing homopolymers mediated by photoinduced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with a photocatalyst fac-[Ir(ppy)3]. The homopolymers were further used as macromolecular chain transfer agents to synthesize diblock copolymers via chain extension. Controlled/“living” feature of photoinduced RAFT polymerization was confirmed by kinetic studies even without prior deoxygenation. A light switch between ON and OFF provided a spatiotemporal control of polymerization.
Fifteen Years to Open Source

At some level, the politics of software procurement is the politics of special interests. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/cByR4iTbZdI is an audio recording of author David Alan Grier reading his Errant Hashtag column.
CCR2 mediated inflammation and gut microbiota in promoting intestinal cancer (CCR5P.214)

Colorectal cancer is strongly associated with inflammation accompanied by increased infiltration of leukocytes. CCR2/CCL2 axis plays an important role in recruitment of several immune/inflammatory cells. Elevated expression of CCL2 in tumor cells is very well correlated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in several types of human cancers including colon cancer. Gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating colon tumorigenesis. However, interactions between chemokines-microbiota-colon tumorigenesis are remains to be determined. Our data demonstrated that CCR2 -/- mice in the Apc Min/+ (a spontaneous intestinal tumor mouse model) background showed substantial survival advantage compared to Apc Min/+ mice. CCR2 -/- Apc Min/+ mice developed significantly fewer and smaller size small intestinal and colon tumors. Further, polyps in CCR2 -/- Apc Min/+ displayed decreased tumor infiltrating F4/80 + cells, decreased inflammatory molecules (e.g., IL-1β, SOCS1), increased apoptosis and CD8+ T cells compared to Apc Min/+ mice. Interestingly, inflammatory cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly reduced in CCR2 -/- Apc Min/+ . Gut microbiota analysis revealed that tumor promoting Bacteroides genus are significantly reduced in CCR2 -/- Apc Min/+ mice compared to Apc Min/+ mice. These data suggests that CCR2/CCL2 mediated recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and Th17 cells modulate inflammation and microbiota in the tumor microenvironment to promote intestinal tumorigenesis.