cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA is decreased in dairy cows but not in beef cows at parturition

Abstract The promoter controlling expression of a major bovine growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) mRNA variant, GHR 1A, contains a common DNA element for transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF-4 α ), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4γ (HNF-4γ), and chicken ovalbumin transcription factor II (COUP-TFII). Expression of GHR 1A mRNA is decreased in the liver of dairy cows at parturition. The objective of this study was to determine whether reduced expression of GHR 1A mRNA in dairy cows at parturition is associated with changed expression of HNF-4 α , HNF-4γ, or COUP-TFII mRNA. Liver biopsy samples were taken from multiparous Holstein cows 7 to 23 d before parturition, within 24h after parturition (i.e., at parturition), and 8 to 18 d after parturition, and the relative amounts of GHR 1A, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), HNF-4 α , HNF-4γ, and COUP-TFII mRNA in these samples were measured by ribonuclease protection assays. As expected, expression of GHR 1A, total GHR, and IGF-I mRNA was decreased at parturition, compared with that detected prepartum or during the postpartum period. Expression of HNF-4 α and COUP-TFII mRNA was unchanged, but that of HNF-4γ mRNA was increased at parturition. The same study was also conducted in multiparous Angus cows 7 to 23 d before parturition, at parturition, and 8 to 18 d after parturition. Neither expression of GHR 1A, total GHR, or IGF-I mRNA, nor expression of HNF-4 α , COUP-TFII, or HNF-4γ mRNA was changed in the liver of beef cows at parturition. These results together suggest that, at the molecular level, decreased expression of GHR 1A mRNA in the liver of dairy cows at parturition may involve increased expression of HNF-4γ mRNA and that, at the systemic level, decreased expression of GHR 1A mRNA is not a direct result of the end of pregnancy, parturition, or the initiation of lactation.
Lot sizing under (Q, R) policy in a capcity constrained manufacturing facility

Abstract Traditional approaches to lot sizing and inventory control consider uncertainties in either the demand or manufacturing process but not both. In these models it is usually assumed that the lead times are independent and identically distributed, but this is not realistic in many practical instances. In this paper we consider the lot sizing problem for items with stochastic demands and manufacturing lead times. It is assumed that the inventory of the finished product is controlled by continuous review policy of Q , R type—order quantity, order point system—and the problem is to determine optimal Q and R . We examine the decision parameters under a variety of conditions using exact and approximate methods.
Expression of Pyrococcus furiosus Superoxide Reductase in Arabidopsis Enhances Heat Tolerance

Plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to environmental stresses sending signaling cues, which, if uncontrolled, result in cell death. Like other aerobic organisms, plants have ROS-scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), which removes superoxide anion radical (O2−) and prevents the production and buildup of toxic free radicals. However, increasing the expression of cytosolic SODs is complex, and increasing their production in vivo has proven to be challenging. To avoid problems with endogenous regulation of gene expression, we expressed a gene from the archaeal hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus that reduces O2−. P. furiosus uses superoxide reductase (SOR) rather than SOD to remove superoxide. SOR is a thermostable enzyme that reduces O2− in a one-electron reduction without producing oxygen. We show that P. furiosus SOR can be produced as a functional enzyme in planta and that plants producing SOR have enhanced tolerance to heat, light, and chemically induced ROS. Stress tolerance in the SOR-producing plants correlates positively with a delayed increase in ROS-sensitive transcripts and a decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity. The SOR plants provide a good model system to study the impact of cytosolic ROS on downstream signaling in plant growth and development. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that this synthetic approach for reducing cytosolic ROS holds promise as a means for improving stress tolerance in crop plants.
A heuristic approach for capacity expansion of packet networks

Abstract We address the problem of expanding transmission capacity of an existing packet network over a multiperiod planning horizon, the objective being low total cost of expansion. Discrete capacity choices, interaction with routing decisions, and economy of scale in the cost of capacity make it extremely difficult to decide when, where and how much capacity to add. A fast heuristic solution method is developed based on the well established Flow Deviation routing algorithm. The heuristic begins by making myopic expansion decisions, which are then subsequently adjusted to account for economies of scale in the cost of capacity. Heuristic solutions are compared to a benchmark which approximates the real cost function by its linear lower envelope. Since the number of possible expansion plans is an exponential function of the number of edges, capacity choices, and periods in the planning horizon, a fast heuristic allows one to look beyond small problems at more realistically sized ones.
Underwater Profiling of Icebergs Using Submersibles

A new method is proposed for iceberg draft measurement and profiling using an unmanned, tethered submersible as an underwater platform equipped with a depth meter, an up-looking echo sounder or an up-looking scanning sonar. Block diagrams and instrumentation for measurement and processing of data are presented. Basic measurement equations and accuracy of measurement are analyzed by two methods which give comparable results.
The Current Differential in Black and White Life Expectancy

The 1980 National Center for Health Statistics life tables for the U. S. black and white populations reveal a difference in life expectancy of 7 years between black and white males and 6 years between black and white females. Using cause-substituted life tables, we show that a number of causes of death contribute to the difference. The largest contributors are cardiovascular disease for both sexes and homicide and cancer for males.
Acquired progressive lymphangioma of the nipple

A 47-year-old woman presented with left nipple itch and discomfort. On physical examination she was found to have a 7 mm lesion. She underwent bilateral mammography and bilateral breast ultrasound which were normal. A punch biopsy of the lesion was performed in the office and the specimen submitted to pathology. Histopathological examination showed ectatic vascular spaces lined by flattened, cytologically bland endothelial cells dissecting the dermal collagen. Evident lymphatic valves were present within the vascular spaces confirming that the vessels were lymphatic in nature. The diagnosis of acquired progressive lymphangioma (benign lymphangioendothelioma) was rendered.
What's in a Label?: Complicating Notions of the Skills-Poor Worker.

This article reports qualitative research on a perceived literacy problem in an electronics factory in the Silicon Valley of Northern California. Guided by a sociocultural framework, Hull investiga...
Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS.

A method has been established and validated for identification and quantification of individual, as well as total, anthocyanins by HPLC and LC/ES−MS in botanical raw materials used in the herbal supplement industry. The anthocyanins were separated and identified on the basis of their respective M+ (cation) using LC/ES−MS. Separated anthocyanins were individually calculated against one commercially available anthocyanin external standard (cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride) and expressed as its equivalents. Amounts of each anthocyanin calculated as external standard equivalent were then multiplied by a molecular-weight correction factor to afford their specific quantities. Experimental procedures and use of a molecular-weight correction factors are substantiated and validated using Balaton tart cherry and elderberry as templates. Cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride has been widely used in the botanical industry to calculate total anthocyanins. In our studies on tart cherry and elderberry, its use as external standard...
The Role of Interorganizational and Organizational Factors on the Decision Mode for Adoption of Interorganizational Systems

The dramatic growth of interorganizational systems (IOS) has changed the way organizations conduct their business, and has resulted in significant tangible and intangible benefits being realized by participating firms. However, the implementation of these IOS requires the cooperation and commitment of all the participating members. These members may have complex economic and business relationships among themselves that can result in a number of social, political, and economic factors influencing the adoption and implementation of IOS. This study examines the role of interorganizational and organizational factors on the decision mode for adoption of IOS, in the specific context of electronic data interchange (EDI). Four interorganizational factors, based on the socio-political framework derived from research in marketing, and five organizational factors based on research in IS were used in the study. The data for the study were collected through a large scale field survey. Two respondents, the sales/purchase manager and the IS manager, from 201 firms responded to the survey. The results of discriminant analysis of the data reveal that two interorganizational variables, competitive pressure and exercised power, and two organizational variables, internal need and top management support, are important variables to differentiate firms with proactive decision mode from firms with reactive decision mode. The study also evaluates the differences between proactive and reactive firms on three implementation outcomes. Proactive firms are found to have greater extent of adaptation, more external connectivity with trading partners, and better integration of EDI information in their internal IS applications.
Murine model: maternal administration of stem cells for prevention of prematurity.

Objective Using a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, we have demonstrated that exposure to inflammation induces preterm birth and perinatal brain injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in many inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that treatment with human adipose tissue-derived MSCs may decrease the rate of preterm birth and perinatal brain injury through changes in antiinflammatory and regulatory milieu. Study Design A mouse model of intrauterine inflammation was used with the following groups: (1) control; (2) intrauterine inflammation (lipopolysaccharide); and (3) intrauterine lipopolysaccharide + intraperitoneal (MSCs). Preterm birth was investigated. Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for protein levels of cytokines in maternal and fetal compartments. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify and localize MSCs and to examine microglial morphologic condition and neurotoxicity in perinatal brain. Behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 5. Results Pretreatment with MSCs significantly decreased the rate of preterm birth by 21% compared with the lipopolysaccharide group ( P P P P P Conclusion Maternally administered MSCs appear to modulate maternal and fetal immune response to intrauterine inflammation in the model and decrease preterm birth, perinatal brain injury, and motor deficits in offspring mice.
Renormalization of a parity non-conserving theory

A renormalization of Sekine's work on the construction of a parity non- conserving theory involving renormalization constants is given for the lowest order perturbation approximations. (C.J.G.)
Modeling global impact effects on middle-sized icy bodies: applications to Saturn's moons

Disrupted terrains that form as a consequence of giant impacts may help constrain the internal structures of planets, asteroids, comets and satellites. As shock waves and powerful seismic stress waves propagate through a body, they interact with the internal structure in ways that may leave a characteristic impression upon the surface. Variations in peak surface velocity and tensile stress, related to landform degradation and surface rupture, may be controlled by variations in core size, shape and density. Caloris Basin on Mercury and Imbrium Basin on the Moon have disturbed terrain at their antipodes, where focusing is most intense for an approximately symmetric spheroid. Although, the icy saturnian satellites Tethys, Mimas, and Rhea possess giant impact structures, it is not clear whether these structures have correlated disrupted terrains, antipodal or elsewhere. In anticipation of high-resolution imagery from Cassini, we investigate antipodal focusing during giant impacts using a 3D SPH impact model. We first investigate giant impacts into a fiducial 1000 km diameter icy satellite with a variety of core radii and compositions. We find that antipodal disruption depends more on core radius than on core density, suggesting that core geometry may express a surface signature in global impacts on partially differentiated targets. We model Tethys, Mimas, and Rhea according to their image-derived shapes (triaxial for Tethys and Mimas and spherical for Rhea), varying core radii and densities to give the proper bulk densities. Tethys shows greater antipodal values of peak surface velocity and peak surface tensile stress, indicating more surface damage, than either Mimas or Rhea. Results for antipodal and global fragmentation and terrain rupture are inconclusive, with the hydrocode itself producing global disruption at the limits of model resolution but with peak fracture stresses never exceeding the strength of laboratory ice.
Continuous regime of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) reactivity of CuO oxygen carriers

Abstract Chemical-looping with CuO and CH4 presents an interesting reaction system, in which CuO participates in heterogeneous reduction reactions with the gaseous fuel, as well as oxygen uncoupling and catalytic reactions. Therefore, there exists a temperature dependent competition between the processes typically termed as chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). The objective of this work is to carry out an assessment of the rates of all the relevant reactions involved at various temperatures and thus to show a continuous regime, where the CLC reactions domination proceeds to CuO oxygen uncoupling dominance, as temperature increases. The possible reactions occurring in CuO-based chemical-looping include heterogeneous reactions with Cu oxides, CuO oxygen uncoupling and Cu-catalyzed reactions. The significance of each individual reaction and the corresponding kinetic parameters are experimentally examined in a bench-scale fixed-bed, alternating-flow chemical-looping reactor at conditions relevant to both CLC and CLOU. In situ XRD characterization is used to determine the phases in which Cu exists during reduction and oxidation and possible interactions with the SiO2 oxygen carrier support. A kinetic scheme is proposed, applicable to the entire regime of CLC and CLOU, which is validated with in-house experiments and experimental data from the literature, at conditions where heterogeneous reduction, oxygen uncoupling, Cu-catalyzed, and gas phase oxidation reactions present significant contributions.
On the computation of ensemble averages for spatially non-uniform particle systems

When there is no clear separation between micro- and macro-scales, ergodicity cannot be invoked to transform ensemble into volume averages. In such cases it is necessary to use ensemble averaging directly. A straightforward calculation of such averages converges slowly and therefore requires a large number of realizations of the system. This paper describes a much more efficient method based on the use of a Fourier expansion of the quantity to be averaged. The advantages of the Fourier approach are estimated in general terms and demonstrated explicitly with several examples for the specific problem of equal spheres in a viscous fluid. The analytical estimates suggest that similar results can be expected for other situations as well. It is shown both analytically and numerically that the variance of the Fourier coefficients is in many cases significantly smaller than that of the direct method, which leads to a much faster convergence of the former. The paper also describes a method by which the probability distribution of a uniform ensemble can be biased so as to mimic that of a non-uniform one with prescribed properties.
Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

The continuing emergence of infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria is a serious public health problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae, which commonly acquires resistance encoded on mobile genetic elements, including ones that encode carbapenemases, is a prime example. K. pneumoniae carrying such genetic material, including both blaKPC and genes encoding metallo-β-lactamases, have spread globally. Many carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae are resistant to multiple antibiotic classes beyond β-lactams, including tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The optimal treatment, if any, for infections due to these organisms is unclear but, paradoxically, appears to often require the inclusion of an optimally administered carbapenem.
Fundamentals and Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Petroleum Characterization

We are reporting a study of the fundamental and application aspects of positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) for petroleum characterization. In the positive-ion mode, basic nitrogen molecules (typically pyridinic molecules) form predominantly protonated molecule ions. Most other molecular types, such as paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and thiophenoaromatics, are largely not ionized by ESI. Metalloporphyrins and neutral nitrogens show little response. The effects of acid and analyte concentrations, and instrumental conditions, were evaluated. Increasing the acid concentration promotes the ionization of the low-molecular-weight bases but has minimal impact on high-molecular-weight species. Analyses of low- and high-molecular-weight petroleum fractions and their mixtures showed minimal mass discrimination. Cone and extraction voltages have a significant impact on ESI responses, particularly on aliphatic amines. Linear dynamic range exists at lower analyte concentrations (<10-5 M).
Language learning strategies advice: A study on the effects of on-line messaging

Abstract This study set out to assess the effects of on-line advice messages which suggest learning strategies to the user. Thirty-four students of English as a second language (ESL) participated by interacting with an interactive video database dealing with common conversational strategies in English. Subjects were randomly assigned two treatments: one offering students no advice concerning the on-line material, the other providing students with advice regarding strategies they might choose to use while studying the language content. Although no significant differences in post-test nor attitude scores between the advice and no-advice groups was detectable with this sample size, qualitative data gathered are suggestive. Results of systematic observations and post-treatment interviews tend to support the proposition that the design of learner controlled interactive video materials for language teaching that include advice regarding learning strategies may be potentially helpful to students who do not come to a database environment equipped with a repertoire of effective language learning strategies.
Synthesis and assembly of ribosomal protein into 50 s subunits during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment

Abstract Synthesis and assembly of structural proteins into 50 s ribosomal subunits were examined in Escherichia coli recovering from chloramphenicol treatment. The study was designed to determine whether all ribosomal proteins were synthesized to the same extent during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment. This investigation provides evidence that four proteins were preferentially synthesized and assembled into 50 s subunits early during recovery from chloramphenicol treatment and that considerable variation occurred in the rate of assembly of the various proteins into 50 s subunits. Those proteins synthesized to the greatest extent and most rapidly incorporated into 50 s subunits were the “split” proteins which were removed by treating ribosomes with cesium chloride. Later in recovery, cells preferentially synthesized the complement to the proteins synthesized early. After one hour of recovery, the cells resumed the normal pattern of ribosomal protein synthesis.
Extreme Ultraviolet Observations of HZ 43 and the Local H/He Ratio with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

We present a spectrum of the hot DA white dwarf HZ 43 in the EUV, near the 504-A ionization edge of neutral helium, obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) during the 1990 December Astro-1 mission. The interstellar column densities derived from this spectrum rule out the anomalous interstellar absorption model proposed by Heise et al.(1991), which required a greater column density of neutral helium than neutral hydrogen toward HZ 43 in order to explain the low EUV flux from HZ 43 reported by EXOSAT. Instead, we find the interstellar neutral H/He ratio toward HZ 43 to be consistent with the canonical cosmic abundance ratio of 10 or with the 11.6 +/- 1.0 ratio measured by HUT along the line of sight toward another DA white dwarf, G191-B2B. The HUT observations suggest that either there is a substantial calibration error in the EXOSAT spectroscopy of HZ 43, or otherwise undetected metals in the nominally pure hydrogen HZ 43 atmosphere suppress its flux between 150 and 300 A, or both.
Developing in Two Languages: Korean Children in America

Abstract Developing in Two Languages: Korean Children in America.Sarah J. Shin, New York: Multilingual Matters, 2005, 194 pages, US $44.95 (paper).
Fracturing of an ice sheet by ship-induced, ice-coupled waves

Abstract When ships passed through the ice-covered St. Marys River waterway, Michigan, the water waves generated by the ships' propeller blades and bow movements interacted with the ice cover to produce ice-coupled waves through the ice. The waves' characteristics depend on their generating source. Waves generated by propeller blade movement are of a relatively high frequency and their propagation is dominated by the flexural response of the ice plate. However, waves generated by bow movements are of a relatively low frequency, and their propagation is primarily controlled by the gravity response of the water under the ice. Assuming the ice plate is isotropic and elastic, the maximum flexural stress caused by ice-coupled waves is capable of fracturing the ice. This is substantiated (1) by field observations that the size of ice fragments (5 m) on the St. Marys River is consistent with the size predicted using ice-coupled wave theory (6 m), and (2) by the amount of vertical deflection of the ice caused by ice-coupled waves.
Context-dependent genetic effects in hypertension

There is a growing frustration with the limitations and inconsistencies of single locus candidate gene association and linkage studies. This frustration is exacerbated by the knowledge that a large influx of genotypic and gene expression data is expected to emerge over the next 5 years, and we are not prepared for the type of multigenic conceptual framework that will be necessary to analyze that data. A review of the hypertension genetic literature reveals substantial evidence for the importance of both genetic and environmental contexts on the mapping between single locus polymorphisms and risk of disease. These trends indicate that the current reliance on simple single gene studies to elucidate the complex etiology of hypertension needs to undergo some kind of transformation. It is suggested that even a minor shift to a more systematic investigation of context-dependent effects will increase our understanding of the multidimensional genetic and environmental realities underneath current studies. This shift is also necessary if we are to gain a deeper understanding of the specific ways in which an individual's risk of hypertension is a consequence of the inter- actions among genes and environments.
Software Testing and Reliability Strategies

Software testing strategies are developed based on fault removal—deterministic and random. Based on literature search, it is appears that this is the first research that has evaluated these strategies. Deterministic fault removal is determined by the ranking of deviations of the time of fault occurrence from statistical control chart upper limit. Random removal of faults is selected by random number generation. Counterintuitively, random fault removal proved to be the better strategy based on improvement in reliability metrics across a series of tests. Contrariwise, deterministic fault removal was better when the cost effectiveness of fault removal was considered. Fault and failure data from three diverse projects were used to make the strategy assessment: NASA Space Shuttle flight software, Japanese University application, and a database application.
Polarization asymmetries in e+e− inclusive hadron production

Abstract Interference effects between electromagnetic and weak interactions in e + e − hadronic production, which are free from higher order QED corrections, are considered. In particular we calculate the asymmetry between the cross sections when one of the beams is longitudinally polarized positively and negatively, the other unpolarized. This asymmetry is then parity non-conserving. Numerical results are given for total hadronic cross sections, and for π , K ± , D ± inclusive production.
Plasma T4 and T3 levels in naturally metamorphosing Eurycea bislineata (Amphibia; Plethodontidae).

We measured the circulating T4 and T3 levels in the plethodontid salamander Eurycea bislineata at various stages of metamosprhosis using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Seven distinct metamorphic stages were defined based on specific developmental events concerning the remodeling and differentiation of skeletal elements. Special effort was made to study individual variation in the levels of plasma thyroid hormones. For this reason we did not pool serum from several specimens. The RIA was conducted in aliquots of 2 μl (T4) and 5 μl (T3), with minimum detectable levels of 100 ng/dl (T4) and 20 ng/dl (T3). In agreement with previous studies on other amphibians, we found metamorphosis in E. bislineata to be accompanied by a sharp increae in the circulating plasma levels of T3 and T4. No hormones were detectable in the larval and adult stages. Our tecniique allowed for simultaneous measurement of T3 and T4 levels in some individuals. These data indicated that, although both the onset of the production of the two thyroid hormones simultaneous, T3 remains in the system longer than T4. However, at all metamorphic stages a large proportion of specimens did not exhibit any measurable levels of T3 and/or T4. These results underscore the need to reassess the mode of operation and production of thyroid hormones in amphibian metamorphosis.
Reflex sympathetic activation during static exercise is severely impaired in patients with myophosphorylase deficiency

During static exercise, metabolites accumulate in the muscle interstitium where they stimulate chemosensitive afferent nerves that reflexly increase efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure. In experimental animals, lactic acid potently stimulates the muscle metaboreflex, but its role in humans is more controversial. To determine if lactic acid is a critical mediator of metaboreflex activation in humans, we performed microelectrode recordings of MSNA in eight patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease) who cannot metabolize intramuscular glycogen and do not generate lactic acid in exercising muscles. Each patient was matched with three healthy control subjects to maximize statistical power. In controls, 2 min of static handgrip performed at 33 % or 45 % of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) produced intensity-dependent increases in MSNA (171 ± 22 % and 379 ± 95 %, respectively). In the patients, MSNA responses to static handgrip were markedly attenuated (33 ± 14 % at 33 % MVC; 32 ± 19 % at 45 % MVC; P < 0.05 vs. controls). Likewise, when static handgrip (30 % MVC) was performed to fatigue, MSNA increased by 366 ± 73 % in controls but only by 51 ± 14 % in patients (P < 0.05). Pressor responses to static handgrip were also attenuated in patients compared to controls, whereas heart rate responses were identical. In contrast to exercise, the MSNA responses to other reflex stimuli (the cold pressor test or Valsalva's manoeuvre) were similar in patients and controls. Together these data indicate that appropriate activation of glycogenolytic pathways is obligatory for normal metaboreflex-mediated sympathoexcitation during static exercise in humans.
High-frequency precise excision of the Drosophila foldback transposable element.

Precise excision of transposable elements in prokaryotes is a rare event which occurs at a significantly lower rate than transposition and other element-mediated events1. Thus, we were intrigued by a eukaryotic transposable element which seemed capable of precise excision at high frequencies. The white-crimson (wc) mutation in Drosophila, a highly unstable allele of the X-linked eye colour locus, white2, resulted from the insertion of a member of the foldback (FB) transposable element family3,4. This mutation reverts to its parental phenotype at a frequency of greater than 1 in 103 X chromosomes2. Characterization of these revertants by Southern blots of genomic DNA indicated that they resulted from loss of the wc insertion3. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of the excision point in these revertants, and conclude that the FB element responsible for the wc mutation is capable of precise excision at high frequencies.
Amygdala response and functional connectivity during emotion regulation: a study of 14 depressed adolescents.

Background Ineffective emotion regulation and abnormal amygdala activation have each been found in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder. However, amygdala activation during emotion regulation has not been studied in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder.
Isolation and partial characterization of a major gut proteinase from larval Acanthoscelides obtecus say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)☆☆☆

Abstract 1. 1. A major digestive proteinase from the larval gut of the common bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus , was purified to homogeneity and partially characterized. 2. 2. Enhancement and inhibition data suggest the presence of a thiol group and an acidic group at or near the active site. 3. 3. The mol. wt was estimated by two different methods to be 23,600–25,300. 4. 4. The pH range for optimum activity was 4.5–7.0. 5. 5. Native phaseolin, the major storage protein of common bean, was resistant to total degradation by either crued gut extract or purified proteinase, but heated phaseolin was readily degraded.
Identification of a putative histidine kinase two‐component phosphorelay gene (CaHK1) in Candida albicans

We have cloned and analysed the sequence of a putative histidine kinase, two-component gene (CaHK1) from Candida albicans. This gene encodes a 2471 amino acid protein (Cahk1p) with an estimated molecular mass of 281.8 kDa. A homology search of Cahk1p with other proteins in the databases showed that Cahk1p exhibits the greatest homology at its C-terminus with both the sensor and regulator components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic two-component histidine kinases. A further analysis of this homology showed that the Cahk1p possessed both sensor and regulator domains in the same polypeptide. Also, Cahk1p is likely to be a soluble protein. The sensor kinase domain of Cahk1p contains conserved motifs that are characteristic of all histidine kinase proteins, including the putative histidine which is believed to be autophosphorylated during activation, ATP binding motifs and others (F- and N-motifs), with unknown function. The Cahk1p regulator domain also contains conserved aspartate and lysine residues and the putative aspartate, which is secondarily phosphorylated by the autophosphorylated histidine. Finally, according to the codon usage frequency of the CaHK1 gene in comparison with other genes from C. albicans, there would appear to be a low level of expression of the gene.
A comparison of semi-parametric and partially adaptive estimators of the censored regression model with possibly skewed and leptokurtic error distributions

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare partially adaptive estimators (based on flexible pdfs) with the Tobit, CLAD, Heckman, and two semi-parametric estimators. The sample RMSE of the partially adaptive estimators tends to be smaller than for alternatives considered.
The Stratigraphy and Development of a Floating Peatland, Pinhook Bog, Indiana

Pinhook Bog is an acidic, weakly-minerotrophic peatland that occupies an iceblock depression in the Valparaiso Moraine in northwest Indiana. It has a floating mat approximately 22 ha in area but no central pond. Detailed stratigraphic descriptions of the peatland were made to analyze its developmental history and determine what factors may be responsible for mat formation. Stratigraphic data along four transects identified a clay-lined basin with three major sub-basins 18, 14, and 14 m deep. The deeper parts of the sub-basins contain fibrous limnic peats with some intermixed lacustrine sediments deposited between 12000 and 4200 years ago. The younger, upper peat layers are composed primarily ofSphagnum and consist of the fibrous surface peat and two underlying layers of fluid, fibrous peat separated by a water layer about one meter thick. Peat materials from above the water layer have fallen through the water to form the lower layer of detritus peat. In addition to the obvious factors of climate and presence of mat-forming species, the development of extensive floating peatland mats is considered to be largely a function of deep, steep-sided basins that allow horizontal mat growth to exceed vertical peat accumulation. Other important contributing factors are clay-lined basins and the lack of inlets or outlets. These factors may result in water-level changes in the basin and weakly-minerotrophic waters conducive toSphagnum growth.
Mechanisms of patient health behavior change in a randomized controlled trial of a spouse-assisted intervention

Spouse-assisted interventions can improve health behaviors, but mechanisms of action are unknown. This study evaluated mediators of dietary and physical activity outcomes during a spouse-assisted intervention to improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial comparing usual care (n = 128) to a spouse-assisted lifestyle change intervention (n = 127) comprising nine monthly goal setting telephone calls to participants and support planning calls to spouses over 11 months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine if the intervention influenced the putative mediators of participant self-efficacy and perceived spousal support at 6 months (i.e. action test); if changes in putative mediators at 6 months were associated with changes in diet and physical activity outcomes at 11 months (i.e. conceptual test); and if treatment condition effects on outcomes at 11 months were mediated by its effects on the 6-month putative mediators (i.e. indirect effects test). Participants were 94.9% male, 64.9% white and were 61.3 years old on average. The action test showed that the intervention increased dietary self-efficacy (p < .001) and perceived spousal support for diet (p < .001) and physical activity (p < .01) at 6 months. The conceptual test showed that increases in participant physical activity self-efficacy at 6 months were associated with increases in physical activity frequency (p = .01) and duration (p = .04) at 11 months; other putative mediators were not associated with changes in outcomes at 11 months. The indirect effects tests did not support a mediating role for self-efficacy or perceived spousal support. Intervention-induced changes in spousal support and dietary self-efficacy did not translate into behavior change. Other mechanisms may be driving behavior change.
Introduction to the cell multiprocessor

This paper provides an introductory overview of the Cell multiprocessor. Cell represents a revolutionary extension of conventional microprocessor architecture and organization. The paper discusses the history of the project, the program objectives and challenges, the disign concept, the architecture and programming models, and the implementation.
Ondansetron absorption in adults: Effect of dosage form, food, and antacids

Ondansetron is a competitive serotonin 5-HT3 receptor blocker that has proved useful in the prevention of emesis due to cisplatin and other cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In a randomized, open-label, crossover study in 24 healthy male subjects, the relative bioavailability of a single 8-mg tablet was compared with that of an 8-mg solution using the two one-sided t-tests. The tablet and solution formulations were bioequivalent, as confirmed by similarities in mean Cmax (26.3 vs 27.7 ng/mL), Tmax (1.79 vs 1.70 h), and AUC (166.0 vs 167.3 ng.h/mL) values. In another randomized, open-label, crossover study in 12 healthy male subjects, the bioavailability of an 8-mg ondansetron tablet administered 5 min after a standard meal was slightly but significantly greater than in fasted subjects, as indicated by comparative mean AUC values [201.4 ng.h/mL (fed) vs 172.5 ng.h/mL (fasted)]. Coadministration of a magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide antacid did not affect the bioavailability of the ondansetron tablet.
Biosocial foundations for adolescent female sexuality.

Despite the widespread assumption that hormones stimulate motivation for sexual behavior in adolescence, no published empirical studies have demonstrated this link. In a cross-sectional study of 78 females in the eighth, ninth, and tenth grades in public schools, we show that hormones have effects on sexual motivation and behavior. Comparison with previous results from a parallel sample of males indicates that for both sexes these effects are primarily androgenic in origin and for the most part exert their effects directly rather than through the social interpretation of age and hormone-induced pubertal development.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in neonates weighing <1500 grams: a retrospective analysis.

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA), a proprietary product that can be used only with the Servo-I ventilator (MAQUET, Solna, Sweden), is a ventilation mode that allows the user to synchronize spontaneous respiratory effort with mechanical ventilation. Current ventilators use a change in airway flow as the trigger to initiate a mechanical breath. This mechanical breath has a set tidal volume or peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and inspiratory and expiratory time that may or may not be in synchrony with the patient. False triggering and missed triggering are common problems with this type of trigger. 1,2 Alternatively, NAVA uses the electromyographic signal in the diaphragm and synchronizes the mechanical breath with this electrical activity. Electrodes are embedded within a nasogastric catheter and positioned at the level of the diaphragm using a retrocardiac electrocardiogram signal. These electrodes continuously detect the amplitude, duration, and frequency of the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) and transmit this information to the ventilator. The ventilator breath is triggered and terminated by changes in this electrical activity. The ventilator determines the inspiratory pressure in proportion to this electrical signal. The patient thus determines respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume, PIP, mean airway pressure (MAP), and inspiratory and expiratory times. 3 Table I summarizes properties of NAVA and conventional ventilation.
Attitude measurement and the perceptions of tax accounting faculty publication outlets

Abstract Magnitude-estimation procedures have been used to develop of a ratio-scale quality ranking of journals in which tax accounting faculty publish. Differences in the rankings of the journals were found to exist among the faculty at various institutions, when the responses were compared by the highest tax related degree granted.
Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity is present in ehrlich ascites tumor cells

The presence of a soluble, Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cell homogenates is reported. The crude homogenate was fractionated over Sephadex G-150 gel-filtration and DEAE-Sephacel anion-exchange columns, and two p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities were resolved. The most active fraction, Peak I, was characterized and found to be similar to phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases characterized elsewhere in that it has optimal activity at neutral pH; it is inhibited by phosphate, Zn2+, and vanadate; and it is not inhibited by levamisole. However, Peak I differs from phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases in that Mg2+ or Mn2+ is required for activity, fluoride is an inhibitor, and pyrophosphate is not inhibitory. Inhibition by the phosphorylated compounds phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, ATP, CTP, GTP, ITP, NADP, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, galactose 1-phosphate, 2-phosphogluconic acid, and 6-phosphogluconic acid was also observed. Ehrlich ascites tumor cell p-nitrophenylphosphatase is shown to be sensitive to inactivation by trypsin, N-ethylmaleimide, or heat treatments.
Socially Strategic Ecological Restoration: A Game-Theoretic Analysis Shortened: Socially Strategic Restoration

Major transitions in a multiple-use or mosaic landscape often lead to frictions among new and existing users. In this article, we consider the problem of ecological restoration within a mosaic landscape in which restoration activities elicit feedbacks from individuals and groups that are harmed by restoration outcomes. Using game theory, we identify three potential outcomes ranked by the extent of restoration of ecosystem services and processes: nonstrategic, noncooperative strategic equilibrium, and cooperative bargaining solution. We identify conditions under which additional restoration can decrease the overall flow of ecosystem services and processes. A “strategic restorationist” will cease new restoration activities when the net effect of defensive response moves by farmers offsets gains. Imperfect information regarding expected payoffs to farmers can lead to inefficient overshooting or undershooting the optimal scale, geographical positioning, and form of restoration. Gains to all parties from cooperation might exist. As a case study and to aid model design, we consider restoration activities on California’s upper Sacramento River.
The nonoperative widening of obstructed gastroplasties with a papillotome

Lasers can deliver energy for the thermal destruction of neoplastic tissue in controlled amounts, thus limiting the damage to adjacent normal areas, yet with the additional advantage of providing local hemostasis. Although the CO2 laser has been used to destroy rectal tumors at proctoscopy,2 at present only argon and Nd:YAG lasers can be used in conjunction with fiberoptic endoscopes. Successful relief of malignant obstruction has been reported in the trachea and main bronchi and in the esophagus4 using the Nd:YAG laser with flexible endoscopes. The power produced by the argon laser is lower than the Nd:YAG, but the blue-green argon beam is more highly absorbed in the red pigment of the blood; thus, vaporization of super-
New Views on the RDAs for Older Adults

Abstract The oldest age category in the 1989 edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) is 51 years and above. Future committees on dietary reference intakes will likely define recommendations for age categories older than this. Instead of extrapolations from data derived from experiments on younger people, future RDAs should be derived directly from experiments on older people. Further, scientists are now interested in the amount of the nutrient that it takes to prevent chronic diseases from occurring rather than to prevent deficiencies, and this will likely influence RDA numbers. A review of past and current data suggests that the current RDAs for the elderly are too low for riboflavin, vitamin B-6, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, and calcium, and are probably too high for vitamin A.
Preparation of labeled nucleic acids (nick translation and iodination) for DNA homology and rRNA hybridization experiments

Nick-translated DNA preparations may contain very short fragments, causing inconsistent DNA homology results. This appears to be due to extensive fragmentation of the high molecular weight DNA used in the labeling procedure. DNA preparations from organisms containing DNA of low mol% G+C content appear to be the most fragmented. The problem was circumvented by labeling these DNA preparations with125I. Sample preparation protocols have been developed for the routine125I labeling of DNA and rRNA from a wide range of organisms.
Porcine lymphocytes secrete a bioactive and immunoreactive LH-like factor in response to LHRH and concanavalin A.

: Lymphocyte conditioned medium (CM) was prepared by incubating 0 (cell-free control) or 4 × 106 lymphocytes/ml in serum-supplemented RPMI containing 0, 10−9, 10−7, and 10−5 M luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), 10−5 M LHRH antagonist (LHRHA), or 10−7 M LHRH + 10−5 M LHRHA. Treatments were applied with and without 10 μg/ml concanavalin A (con A), and media were analyzed for LH. Aliquots of the CM from cultures incubated for 48 h were later applied to porcine granulosa cell cultures (suspended to 1.25 × 105 cells in 450 μl). Thereafter, 50 μl of CM were added to granulosa cell cultures. Media were collected after 12, 24, and 48 h and progesterone determined. Immunoreactive LH increased with time of incubation in lymphocyte CM but not cell-free CM. LH content of lymphocyte CM increased as LHRH concentration increased. LHRHA significantly reduced the amount of LH measured. The presence of con A in the medium resulted in maximal concentrations of LH, irrespective of dose of LHRH or LHRHA. Cell-free CM containing LHRH, LHRHA, and/or con A did not affect progesterone production by granulosa cells at any of the time periods. Lymphocyte CM containing LHRH caused a dose-dependent increase in progesterone production at 48 h. This stimulation was blocked by lymphocyte CM containing LHRHA. Lymphocyte CM containing con A also stimulated progesterone production at all of the LHRH concentrations studied. This response was not inhibited by lymphocyte CM containing the LHRHA. Therefore, LHRH and con A stimulate porcine lymphocytes to produce a factor that resembles LH and that stimulates progesterone production by granulosa cells in vitro. The stimulation due to con A appears to be nonspecific while that of LHRH is a specific and dose-dependent response.
Redundancy in number representations as an aspect of computational complexity of arithmetic functions

Introduction Recent research has led to the derivation of bounds for the time required to perform arithmetic operations by means of logical elements with a limited number of inputs [1]–[4]. The model of a (d, r) logical circuit C employed in these studies consists of a set of (d, r) logical elements and a rule of interconnection with designated sets of input and output lines. The (d, r) logical element has r input lines and one output line; these lines can assume one of d distinct states. The (d, r) logical element has a unit time delay; that is, the state of the output line at the time t+1 is a function of the states of the input lines at time t.