cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I Am Feeling Back to Those Days: The Three-Way Interaction Effect of Nostalgia, Age, and Gender on Youthfulness in Nostalgia Advertising: An Abstract

Although the extant literature on nostalgia’s positive effects might support the belief that it is an effective marketing communication strategy, it is unreasonable to predict that its effectiveness can be generalized to nearly all consumers. Two studies are conducted in a different context to test how each group of consumers by age and gender responds to nostalgic feelings. Study 1 manipulates nostalgia through narrative writing tasks, and Study 2 replicates it through experimenter-generated print ads. The results across two studies consistently reveal a significant three-way interaction effect of nostalgia, age, and gender on consumers’ perceived youthfulness. Specifically, older women tend to feel less youthful than older men when nostalgic feelings are induced. Our mediated moderation analysis shows that these differences in older adults’ perceived youthfulness are due to self-discrepancy between current and ideal body image. Furthermore, we identify that nostalgic feelings in advertising benefit as a marketing communication strategy because they generate positive emotions initiated by youthfulness, resulting in positive attitudes toward the ad. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and future research directions are offered.
Editing the Environment: Emerging Issues in Genetics and the Law

Developed in 2012, CRISPR-Cas9 is emerging as a powerful new genome engineering technology and as a locus of international concern over the ethical and legal norms that will guide its application in the biosciences. This volume extends beyond the human applications of gene editing technologies to consider the social, cultural, and ecological implications of gene editing technologies. Participants from a wide array of disciplines and professional backgrounds examine and problematize the existing scientific, legal, and political categories and imaginaries that have informed the regulatory regimes pertaining to gene editing. While most emerging conversations have treated human and nonhuman applications of gene editing separately, this collection draws attention to how these new technologies, and CRISPR and gene drives in particular, apply to nonhuman populations and ecosystems, alongside, and in conversation with, their applications to humans. In addition to shedding a new light on the human-nonhuman divide, novel gene editing technologies like CRISPR and gene drives also challenge other traditional bifurcations, such as that between nature and culture, law and science, public and private, lab science and field science, and synthetic and conservation biology. Such developments arguably bring to heightened focus myriad issues in the nexus of law, science, and the environment.
Perioral Rejuvenation: A Prospective, Quantitative Dynamic Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Dual Modality Treatment.

Background The perioral region is the most dynamic anatomic area of the face and subject to complex and dramatic changes during aging. Successful treatment for perioral rejuvenation has yet to be identified, and prior studies have reported only subjective outcomes. Objectives The purpose of this study was to utilize our validated dynamic 3-dimensional imaging technology to determine whether conservative neuromodulation combined with hyaluronic acid filler volumization can decrease perioral strain and increase volume with significant patient satisfaction. Methods An IRB-approved prospective study of a dual modality treatment for perioral rhytids was performed on females with perioral aging who had not had prior facial treatment within the past year. Eighteen (18) units of Dysport were injected into the upper and lower orbicularis oris and 1 cc of Restylane Silk was injected in volume-depleted perioral regions in each patient. Each patient underwent imaging with digital image correlation (DIC) and completed the FACE-Q survey prior to injection and at 14 days and 90 days postinjection. Results Thirty-two female patients were recruited. A significant reduction in perioral strain was observed at both day 14 and day 90. This was concomitant with a significant increase in perioral volume at day 14 that at 90 days was significantly retained in the marionette lines. Further, there was a significant improvement in patient satisfaction with overall facial appearance at day 14 that was maintained at 90 days. Conclusions Conservative neuromodulation and hyaluronic acid filler volumization of the perioral region produces a significant reduction in strain correlating with high patient satisfaction, even at 90 days. This dual modality treatment is effective in rejuvenating the perioral region, and its future optimization will provide greater therapeutic options for this anatomically complex area. Level of Evidence 4
Genetics of Pancreatic Neoplasms and Role of Screening

There is a wide spectrum of pancreatic neoplasms with characteristic genetic abnormalities, tumor pathways, and histopathology that primarily determine tumor biology, treatment response, and prognosis. Although most pancreatic tumors are sporadic, 10% of neoplasms occur in the setting of distinct hereditary syndromes. Detailed studies of these rare syndromes have allowed researchers to identify a myriad of specific genetic signatures of pancreatic tumors. A better understanding of tumor genomics may have significant clinical implications in the diagnosis and management of patients with pancreatic tumors. Evolving knowledge has paved the way to screening paradigms and protocols in individuals at higher risk of developing pancreatic tumors.
Aortic Arch Width and Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women in the Community.

Background We sought to determine whether increased aortic arch width (AAW) adds to standard Framingham risk factors and coronary artery calcium (CAC) for prediction of incident adverse cardiovascu...
A Game-Theoretical Model of Ransomware

Ransomware is a recent form of malware that encrypts the files on a target computer until a specific amount (ransom) is paid to the attacker. As a result, in addition to aggressively spreading and disrupting victim’s data and operation, differently from most cyberattacks, ransomware implements a revenue model. Specifically, it creates a hostage-like situation in which the victim is threatened with the risk of data loss and forced into a negotiation.
Nitric Oxide Formation and Carbon Monoxide Burnout in a Compact Steam Generator

In a proposed design of a compact-boiler for a steam-engine, a premixed, vaporized-fuel/air mixture is fed through a perforated feed-plate into the combustion chamber and the products of combustion are withdrawn through a compact, low-pressure-drop heat exchanger. This paper describes measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from a prototype combustion chamber in which the vaporized fuel is simulated by propane. The fuel/air mixture is fed at rates up to 4625 cu.ft./hr. through 6500, 0.033 in. I.D. holes corresponding to 20% open area in a 6 in. O.D. plate. The combustion products are withdrawn through a flat, coiled heat exchanger positioned 3 in. downstream from the burner plate. The maximum average volumetric heat release rate is about 6x106 Btu/ft3hr. Samples withdrawn through a water-cooled probe from different positions above the plate are analyzed for hydrocarbons (HC), CO and NO. The measured emission rates are compared with values calculated assuming that the overall reaction rates are limited by the reaction of CO with OH and N2 with O, and that the free radical concentrations are determined by the combination of the reactions $$ {\rm{OH }} + {\rm{ }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} = {\rm{ }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O }} + {\rm{ H}},{\rm{ H }} + {\rm{ }}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}} = {\rm{ OH }} + {\rm{ O}},{\rm{ and O }} + {\rm{ }}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}} = {\rm{ OH }} + {\rm{ H}} $$
Sequential Multistep Reactions Catalyzed by Polymer-Bound Homogeneous Ni, Rh, and Ru Catalysts

Homogeneous catalytic reactions employing transition metal complexes have become increasingly important in recent years, as exemplified by the production of acetaldehyde from ethylene and air by the Wacker process.1 In many cases, however, homogeneous catalysts are very expensive and must be separated from the products by costly separation steps. These two factors have in part, limited the scope of practical application of homogeneously catalyzed reactions. One way to achieve easy recovery of the catalyst from product, while simplifying the purification of products, is to anchor the catalyst to immobile supports such as silica, ceramic, or polymeric materials. Such studies of “heterogenized” homogeneous catalysts are beginning to receive increased attention.2 Industrial groups at Mobile,3 ESSO,4 Monsato,5 and ICI6 as well as the academic groups of Bailer,7 Grubbs,8,9 Pittman,10,11,12 and Collman13 have anchored several organotransition metal complexes to substrates, via phosphine and nitrogen complexation, and studied their catalytic reactivity.
A new peptide isolated from a marine derived Streptomyces bacillaris

A new peptide, L-O-Lac-L-Val-D-O-Hiv-D-Val (1), consisting of D-valine, L-valine, L-lactic acid, and 3-D-hydroxyisovaleric acid, was isolated from the culture of the marine sediment derived Streptomyces bacillaris. The planar structure of compound 1 was assigned by 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic analyses. Following acid and base hydrolysis, the absolute configuration of the valine residues in 1 were determined by application of the advanced Marfey's method and the absolute configurations of hydroxy acids units were determined by a HPLC method based on Mosher's reagents.
Infusing Clinical Supervision Throughout Child Welfare Practice: Advancing Effective Implementation of Family-Centered Practice Through Supervisory Processes

Child welfare supervision is fundamental to advancing the quality of practice when seeking to ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of children. Child welfare supervisors serve administrative, educational, and support functions as they oversee frontline caseworkers and direct service providers. Clinical supervision, a dialog-driven process of case review and consultation is situated within the educational function. The process of clinical supervision is essential to child welfare practice, because it prompts reflection and builds analytical thinking skills needed to address complex situations involved in child protection. Despite increased recognition regarding the importance of clinical supervision, child welfare supervision continues to focus primarily on administrative tasks. Organizational climate and external pressures push this administrative agenda. In addition, many child welfare supervisors lack experience, training, and therefore competency in facilitating clinical case reviews. Strengths-Based Supervision (SBS; Lietz 2013) is a model of clinical supervision that was developed to (a) increase child welfare supervisors’ intentionality regarding the importance of infusing clinical supervision into child welfare supervision and (b) advance the skills needed to implement this practice effectively representing one solution to this ongoing challenge.
Increase K-12 Cyber Competency to Prevent Cyberbullying

The efforts of a Generation Z student to improve K-12 cyber competency through curriculum design and educator professional development, is having a positive impact in Virginia. School Systems in Virginia and across the nation tend to focus on cyber bullying as the primary issue. The issue that is not addressed is what cyber mechanisms allow cyber bullying to occur. This is often due to administrators and educators themselves not understanding what cyber competencies are needed to protect oneself in today's technological world. Studies show that social engineering, hacking and defending, cyber awareness, and personal connections have more impact on Generation Z and Generation Alpha students. My efforts started out to help my peers and have spiraled into a crusade to improve cyber competency of K-12 students and educators. One school system has created a Digital Citizenship Committee to support the concept of cyber competency beyond just teaching cybersecurity courses to a select few. This is a pay forward approach as the student leading the charge was impacted by two other students who were bullied through cyber stalking and classroom discussion boards. This effort is being aided by national organizations such as Safe Surfin' Foundation, National Center for Women & IT (NCWIT), and National CyberWatch Center. My presentation will show attendees how to expand this movement into their community to help slow down some of the cyber challenges facing Generation Z and beyond.
Predicting Long Term Survival in Lung Transplant: Analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database

Purpose With the ISHLT registry the trends in mortality and morbidity are well described. However, there is significant heterogeneity in patient population undergoing transplant influencing the overall data. We aim to identify recipient related factors predicting long term survival in patient undergoing lung transplant and assess survival in setting of favorable factors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the UNOS dataset for adult patients undergoing lung transplant between 1990 and 2017. Pertinent baseline characteristics, demographics, clinical parameters, and outcomes was performed. Primary end-point was patient survival time. Post-transplant survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests. SPSS (version 24) was used for statistical testing. Results A total of 35483 patients with a underwent lung transplant during the review period. Median age was 56 years (range 18-81), with 55.7 % being male. Most common underlying conditions were COPD (n=9884; 28%), IPF (n=9594; 27.1%) and cystic fibrosis (n=4164; 11.2%). Overall median survival was 5.47 years (5.36- 5.58; CI=95%). Comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves showed better median survival with Age ≤65 yrs (5.6yrs vs 4.24yrs; p 60 (6.26yrs vs 5.25yrs; p 35) vs 5.19yr ( Conclusion Lung transplant survival is significantly influenced by recipient age, BMI, Functional status, need for mechanical ventilation or ECMO and history of previous transplants. Better patient selection can help improve long term outcomes from lung transplant.
Difficulties With Emotion Regulation in the Contemporary U.S. Armed Forces: Structural Contributors and Potential Solutions:

The ability to regulate negative emotions is especially necessary for service members in the contemporary U.S. armed forces, since they routinely face situations that elicit negative emotions while...
Chapter VIII – APPLICATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some applications of the symmetric groups to the theory of atomic, molecular, and nuclear structures. The physical reason for the importance of the symmetric groups is the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that the wave function of an N-electron system must be totally antisymmetric. The Pauli Exclusion Principle also applies to neutrons and protons. It is convenient to lump neutrons and protons under the single term nucleon. The Pauli Exclusion Principle applies to all elementary particles with half-odd-integer spin. Particles obeying the Pauli Exclusion Principle are collectively termed fermions; however, all others are bosons.
Shared Decision-Making in the Setting of a Large Ischemic Stroke

Prognostication is often difficult in stroke. Best-case/worst-case scenarios often help families understand what the outcomes can be. Compassionate weaning is a skill, involving the medical team, the family, and the patient.
Stability and control of power systems with high penetrations of inverter-based resources: An accessible review of current knowledge and open questions

Abstract As power system renewable energy penetrations increase, the ways in which key renewable technologies such as wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) differ from thermal generators become more apparent. Many studies have examined the variability and uncertainty of such generators and described how generation and load can be balanced for a wide variety of annual energy penetrations, at timescales from seconds to years. Another important characteristic of these resources is asynchronicity, the result of using inverters to interface the prime energy source with the power system as opposed to synchronous generators. Unlike synchronous generators, whose frequency of alternating current (AC) injection is physically coupled to the rotation of the machine itself, inverter based asynchronous generators do not share the same physical coupling with the generated frequency. These subtle differences impact the operations of power systems developed around the characteristics of synchronous generators. In this paper we review current knowledge and open research questions concerning the interplay between asynchronous inverter-based resources (IBRs) and cycle- to second-scale power system dynamics, with a focus on how stability and control may be impacted or need to be achieved differently when there are high instantaneous penetrations of IBRs across an interconnection. This work does not seek to provide a comprehensive review of the latest developments, but is instead intended to be accessible to any reader with an engineering background and an interest in power systems and renewable energy. As such, the paper includes basic material on power electronics, control schemes for IBRs, and power system stability; and uses this background material to describe potential impacts of IBRs on power system stability, operational challenges associated with large amounts of distributed IBR generation, and modern power system simulation trends driven by IBR characteristics.
Protic Imidazolium Cation-Based Ionic Liquids Show Unexpected Interfacial Properties.

Virtually, every investigation and application of ionic liquids (ILs) involves gas–liquid, liquid–liquid, and liquid–solid interactions. Therefore, understanding the behavior of ILs at those interfaces is critical. In this work, we studied the interfacial properties of protic and aprotic ILs with N-alkylimidazolium and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium as cations and bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide, methanesulfonate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate as anions. The surface tension of these ILs is measured with the pendant drop method in a temperature range of 293.15–343.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The contact angle measurements are performed at 293.15 K on three solid substrates: polytetrafluoroethylene, glassy carbon, and platinum. Dispersive and nondispersive components of the IL surface energy are determined from the experimental data using Fowkes theory. The most interesting result is that the protic ILs have lower surface tension and smaller contact angles than the equivalent aprotic ILs, despite the presence of high charge density on the proton associated with one of the nitrogens of the cation. Higher charge density on the anion results in a higher surface tension, and decreasing surface tension and contact angles are observed for increasing alkyl chain length on the cation.
Abstract 13804: Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries in Older Adults

Introduction: Myocardial Infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) is found in 5%-6% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As such, the diagnosis and management...
New polyisobutylene-based polymers by Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Abstract Polyisobutylene (PIB) is a synthetic elastomer, obtainable only through carbocationic addition polymerization, possessing excellent thermal, chemical, and oxidative stability, impermeability to gases, high mechanical damping, and biocompatibility. Its major uses include inner liners of automobile and truck tires, inner tubes, ball bladders, sealants, chewing gum base, protective clothing, and coatings for biomedical devices. This work describes two complimentary synthetic approaches to new functional polyisobutylenes. In the first approach, living carbocationic polymerization methods have been used to produce well-defined living PIB oligomers. The living ends are then end-quenched (trapped) by alkylation of an alkoxybenzene compound, to produce useful terminal functionalities at the chain end. In the second approach, a high molecular weight isobutylene copolymer, for example, butyl rubber, is subjected to cleavage/alkylation reactions, catalyzed by a Lewis acid in the presence of an alkoxybenzene. Chain scission occurs at the isoprene comonomer units, and alkylation of the alkoxybenzene causes the newly formed chain ends to become functionalized to form telechelic and “near telechelic” polyisobutylenes.
The Science of Macroeconomics

Few issues define the new South Africa as forcefully as HIV/AIDS.1 This is, of course, partly because South Africa has the largest HIV epidemic in the world (UNAIDS, 2012). However, it is also because HIV/AIDS has been a major source of conflict in post-apartheid South Africa, generating a series of public disputes and legal battles between the fledgling democratic government and local civil society organisations. The conflict is closely connected to former president Thabo Mbeki’s views on HIV/AIDS. Mbeki famously challenged the scientific orthodoxy, insisting that AIDS is a disease of poverty and not simply the outcome of a viral infection. As he put it: The world’s biggest killer and the greatest cause of ill health and suffering across the globe, including South Africa, is extreme poverty [⋯] As I listened and heard the whole story told about our own country, it seemed to me that we could not blame everything on a single virus [HIV]. (Mbeki, 2000d)
Group Testing on a Network

Group testing---where multiple samples are tested together using a single test kit and individual tests are performed only for samples in positive groups---is a popular strategy to optimize the use of testing resources. We investigate how to effectively group samples for testing based on a transmission network. We formalize the group assembling problem as a graph partitioning problem, where the goal is to minimize the expected number of tests needed to screen the entire network. The problem is shown to be computationally hard and thus we focus on designing effective heuristics for it. Using realistic epidemic models on real contact networks, we show that our approaches save up to 33\% of resources---compared to the best baseline---at 4\% prevalence, are still effective at higher prevalence, and are robust to missing transmission data.
NAFLD Indirectly Impairs Antigen Specific CD8 + T Cell Immunity Against Liver Cancer in Mice

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important etiology leading to liver cancer. NAFLD alters adaptive T cell immunity and has a profound influence on liver cancer development. However, it is unclear how NAFLD affects tumor antigen specific T cell responses. In this study, we generated a doxycycline inducible MHC-I and II antigen expressing HCC cell line which allowed us investigate tumor antigen specific T cell response in two NAFLD mouse models. The system proved to be an effective and efficient way to study tumor antigen specific T cells. Using this model, it was found that NAFLD impairs antigen specific CD8+ T cell immunity against liver cancer. The effect was not due to reduced generation or intrinsic functional changes of tumor antigen specific CD8+ T cells but caused by accumulated macrophages in liver environment. The findings suggest that targeting macrophages in NAFLD driven HCC may improve therapeutic outcomes.
London Dispersion Interactions in Molecular Recognition by Acetylcholinesterase

Interaction of the aromatic residues W84, Y130 and F330 (or Y330) of Torpedo californica (Nair et al., 1994) and mouse AChEs with the quaternary ammonium function of ligands and substrates has been probed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and site-directed mutagenesis studies. For a series of ten meta-substituted aryl trifluoroketone inhibitors, m-XC6H4COCF3 (X = H, Me, CF3, Et, iPr, tBu, NO2, NH2, NMe2, Me3N+), inhibitor potency (i. e. pKi) is not correlated with substituent hydrophobicity, but is well described by a three-dimensional correlation with the molar refractivity (MR) and σw of the substituents. MR depends on surface area and polarizability, and thus is a measure of London dispersion and other induced polarization interactions between ligands and the aromatic residues of the quaternary ammonium binding locus of the active site. Of the 107-fold range of inhibitor potency, 105 arises from the MR sensitivity, and the corresponding linear subcorrelation indicates that all substituents share a common binding locus and interaction mechanism. A reasonable linear correlation of pKi for inhibition by the m-Me3N+ ketone versus amino acid MR values for a series of W84 mutants of mouse AChE, which includes W84Y, W84F and W84A, indicates that about a third of the binding free energy in the quaternary ammonium binding locus comes from interaction with the tryptophan indole ring. For the native mouse enzyme and these three mutants, a plot of pKi for inhibition by the m-Me3C ketone versus pKi for inhibition by the m-Me3N+ ketone is linear with a slope of 0.7. The greater sensitivity of the charged inhibitor indicates that additional interactions, not enjoyed by the neutral inhibitor, with W84 are operating. These likely include ion-quad-rupole and ion-polarizability interactions with the it-electrons of W84 (Kim et al., 1994). Similar correlations for substrate turnover support the importance of dispersion interactions in AChE catalysis. These studies indicate that the aromatic residues in the quaternary ammonium binding locus of the active site do not function as classical anionic sites.
MLN4924 induces Noxa upregulation in acute myelogenous leukemia and synergizes with Bcl-2 inhibitors

MLN4924 (pevonedistat), an inhibitor of the Nedd8 activating enzyme (NAE), has exhibited promising clinical activity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Here we demonstrate that MLN4924 induces apoptosis in AML cell lines and clinical samples via a mechanism distinct from those observed in other malignancies. Inactivation of E3 cullin ring ligases (CRLs) through NAE inhibition causes accumulation of the CRL substrate c-Myc, which transactivates the PMAIP1 gene encoding Noxa, leading to increased Noxa protein, Bax and Bak activation, and subsequent apoptotic changes. Importantly, c-Myc knockdown diminishes Noxa induction; and Noxa siRNA diminishes MLN4924-induced killing. Because Noxa also neutralizes Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 paralog often upregulated in resistant AML, further experiments have examined the effect of combining MLN4924 with BH3 mimetics that target other anti-apoptotic proteins. In combination with ABT-199 or ABT-263 (navitoclax), MLN4924 exerts a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Collectively, these results provide new insight into MLN4924-induced engagement of the apoptotic machinery that could help guide further exploration of MLN4924 for AML.
Protein binding of cocaine in human serum.

The protein binding characteristics of cocaine have not been extensively studied. Since cocaine is related to other local anesthetic compounds which are highly protein bound, we examined the binding of cocaine in human serum using an ultrafiltration method. The free fraction averaged 0.083 ± 0.018 in the serum of 12 healthy volunteers. Binding was studied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 500 µg/ml and was concentration dependent, with increases being most pronounced at concentrations above 5 µg/ml. Two classes of binding sites were identified with affinity and capacity constants consistent with binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin. The addition of AAG to serum resulted in a decrease in the free fraction from 0.079 to 0.041, while tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate increased the free fraction to 0.233. The binding ratio was found to be highly correlated with the AAG concentration (r = 0.89). In addition, the predicted free fraction in the absence of AAG (0.67) was in good agreement with the observed value of 0.647 in a solution of human serum albumin (4.5 g/dl). Of the metabolites of cocaine, only norcocaine displaced the parent drug from serum binding sites. These results indicate that cocaine is highly bound to serum proteins, primarily albumin and AAG. The significance of concentration-dependent binding to cocaine toxicity remains to be established.
Boundaries in the Mind: A New Psychology of Personality

Psychology has had some success in describing personality differences, but the picture often appears incomplete, and it has been hard to find links between personality and the organization of the brain. Using vivid case-histories and an in-depth questionnaire, this book proposes a broad and eminently new way of looking at individual differences. "Boundaries", according to the author, pervade our lives - separating inner from outer experience, past from present, and sleeping from waking. The concept applies to both normal and abnormal behaviour, to relationships, attitudes, and states of mind and body. This book explains how boundary types originate, how and why they may change, and how an understanding of this concept can help us better understand and control our emotional lives. Ernest Hartmann is the author of "The Nightmare" and "The Functions of Sleep".
A Visual Data Exploration Framework for Complex Problem Solving Based on Extended Cognitive Fit Theory

In this paper, we present a visual data exploration framework for complex problem solving. This framework consists of two major components: an enhanced task flow diagram and data visualization window. Users express their problem solving process and strategies using the enhanced task flow diagram, while multiple frames of visualizations are automatically constructed in the data visualization window and are organized as a tree map. This framework is based an extended Cognitive Fit Theory, which states that a data visualization should be constructed as a cognitive fit for specific tasks and a set of data variables. It also states that the structure of multiple data visualizations should match the structure of the corresponding tasks. Therefore, in our framework, data is presented in either visual or non-visual format based on the cognitive characteristic of the corresponding task. As users explore various problem solving strategies by editing the task flow diagram, the corresponding data visualizations are automatically updated for the best cognitive fit. This visual data exploration framework is particularly beneficial for users who need to conduct specific and complex tasks with large amount of data. As a case study, we present a computer security data visualization prototype.
Calcifying nested stromal–epithelial tumor (CNSET) of the liver: a newly recognized entity to be considered in the radiologist's differential diagnosis

Calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumor (CNSET), an extremely rare tumor found in the liver, was first described in 2001 by Ishak et al. The characteristic imaging features include large size, well-circumscribed, enhancing mass with calcification. To our knowledge, since 2001, there have been 29 reported. Typically arising from the right hepatic lobe, it is primarily found in children and shows clear predilection for females. Emphasizing imaging, we report a 14-year-old female with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who presented with CNSET.
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial Order of Sensory Events

Beiser, David G. and James C. Houk. Model of cortical-basal ganglionic processing: encoding the serial order of sensory events. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3168–3188, 1998. Several lines of evidence sugge...
Plasma cholesterol and depressive symptoms in older men

Abstract In several clinical trials of interventions designed to lower plasma cholesterol, reductions in coronary heart disease mortality have been offset by an unexplained rise in suicides and other violent deaths. We have tried to find out whether depressive illness is related to low plasma cholesterol concentrations in men of 50 years and older. In 1985-87, Beck depression inventories were obtained from 1020 white men, aged 50-89 years, in the Rancho Bernardo, California, cohort. Disease history and behaviours were assessed by standard questionnaires. Plasma cholesterol and weight were measured at this time, as they had been in 1972-74. Among men aged 70 years and older, categorically defined depression was three times more common in the group with low plasma cholesterol (
Two-Dimensional Crystals of Photosystem II: Biochemical Characterization, Cryoelectron Microscopy and Localization of the D1 and Cytochrome b559 Polypeptides

Photosystem II (PS II) is a photosynthetic reaction center found in higher plants which has the unique ability to evolve oxygen from water. Several groups have formed two-dimensional PS II crystals or have isolated PS II complexes and studied them by electron microscopy and image analysis. The majority of these specimens have not been well characterized biochemically and have yielded relatively low resolution two-dimensional projection maps with a variety of unit cell sizes. We report the characterization of the polypeptide and lipid content of tubular crystals of PS II. The crystals contain the reaction center core polypeptides D1, D2, cytochrome b559, as well as the chlorophyll-binding polypeptides (CP) CP47, CP43, CP29, CP26, CP24, and CP22. The lipid composition was similar to the lipids found in the stacked portion of thylakoids. We also report a 2.0-nm resolution projection map determined by electron microscopy and image analysis of frozen, hydrated PS II crystals. This projection map includes information on the portion of the complex buried in the lipid bilayer. The unit cell is a dimer with unit vectors of 17.0 and 11.4 nm separated by an angle of 106.6 degrees. In addition, Fab fragments against D1 and cytochrome b559 were used to localize those two polypeptides, and thus the reaction center, within the PS II complex. The results indicate that D1 and cytochrome b559 are found within one of the heaviest densities of the monomeric unit.
Synthesis and properties of Nε-(dl-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-l-lysine, lysinoalanine

Abstract A method for the organic synthesis of N e-( dl -2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)- l -lysine (lysinoalanine) is described. Intermediates in the reaction sequence were isolated and characterized by thin-layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analytically-pure lysinoalanine was prepared and characterized by infra-red mass spectroscopy. Aqueous solutions of the amino acid were found to be heat sensitive. Degradation occurred at temperatures as low as 40°C, and 70% of the lysinoalanine was destroyed when a 1% solution was heated to 115°C for 16 hr.
Vascular perfusion of implanted human engineered cardiac tissue

Regeneration of muscle tissue in the heart after a myocardial infarction requires delivering human cardiomyocytes that will survive and integrate with the host myocardium. Of primary importance is the development of a vascular bed to nourish the implanted cardiomyocytes, whether delivered via injection or in engineered tissues. Co-culture of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, human endothelial cells, and human stromal cells provides a prevascular network in scaffold-free engineered tissue patches. As a result, the density of lumen structures in the graft increases by histological analysis, but perfusion of these vessels must be assessed. In this study, we develop a method for perfusing the host heart and engineered human cardiac tissue graft that is compatible with confocal microscopy for obtaining 2D images and 3D reconstructions of the graft vasculature. We demonstrate that, although vascular density is substantial in the grafts, flow remains sluggish. Further improvements in arterial remodeling or vascular engineering are required for physiological levels of blood flow.
Interstitial Pneumonitis in Association with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis

The clinical, roentgenologic, physiologic, and pathologic features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in association with polymyositis and dermatomyositis have been described from a retrospective analysis. Presenting complaints ranged from acute febrile pneumonitis without specific muscular symptoms to muscular symptoms with no clinical respiratory symptoms. All patients had diffuse abnormalities on thoracic roentgenograms. High-dosage corticosteroid therapy in those patients with acute febrile pneumonitis resulted in clinical, roentgenographic, and some physiologic improvement. Pulmonary involvement did not appear to progress in most patients with chronic disease who were receiving longterm corticosteroid therapy.
Simplified methods for the evaluation of the parameters of the time course of plasma concentration in the one-compartment body model with first-order invasion and first-order drug elimination including methods for ascertaining when such rate constants are equal.

The many limitations in determining the pharmacokinetic parameters of firstorder invasion of, and elimination from, the onecompartment body model by the method of residuals or by “feathering” Ct data can be minimized by applying the simplified methods outlined herein. Comparisons of the apparent volumes of distribution, V, calculated on the premises that the Bateman Function represents ka>keor its converse, ke>ka,i.e., flip-flop, can permit a proper choice of the correct version. Estimation of kecan be obtained by regression of (A0/V)/C(oncentration) on AUC1/ Cwhere A0/Vis estimable from knowledge of Cmaxand tmaxsince\(A_0 /V = C_{max} e^{k_e t_{max} }\).The ratio of the magnitude of the rate constant of invasion to that of elimination, m=ka/ke,is related to ketmaxby the expression ketmax=ln m/ (m−1)for all possible values of m.A table for the determination of m from values of ketmaxis given. When bioavailability, γ=A0/Dose,is known or complete, keand Vcan be determined from the respective ordinate and abscissa of the intersection of\(A_0 /C_{max} e^{k_e t_{max} }\)and Cl(clearance)/ke,both plotted against arbitrary kevalues. The two functions may not intersect at low values of mdue to errored C-t values but the kevalue when the two curves are closest (kmin)may approximate ke.The intersections of\(C_{max} e^{k_e t_{max} }\)and keAUCT (AUCtrap)plotted against variable kevalues (Method A) provide estimates of kefrom their abscissa values and A/Vfrom their ordinate values when γis unknown. Method B appears to give more reliable estimates of keat the kminof the difference\(e^{k_e t_{max} } /k_e - AUCT/C_{max}\)plotted against ke.Since kminof this plot is 1/tmaxwhen m=1,the identity of the mas unity underlying the C-t data is indicated when either kmintmaxis approximately unity or kmin ispractically synonymous with 1/tmax.This was clearly shown when 12 constructed m=1,C-t cases with 10% random error were evaluated by Method B. Better estimates were effected by all procedures when the raw C-t data were smoothed.
Modeling the effects of solution temperature and concentration during sulfate attack on cement mortars

Simple chemistry-based empirical models have been developed to assess the role of temperature and concentration of the sulfate solution in the process of expansion of cement mortars that are subjected to external sulfate attack. ASTM Type I PC mortars, prepared according to ASTM C-109, were immersed in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions at five different concentrations and four different temperatures. For both solutions, the trends in the measured expansion suggested the use of a simple rate law to analyze the effect of concentration. For the effect of temperature, an Arrhenius relationship was developed to determine the activation energy required to initiate expansion in sodium sulfate solution. Regression-based statistical models were found to be sufficient to explain the effect of temperature of magnesium sulfate solution on the expansion. Implications of using these models for developing potential test methods, as well as to enable interpretation of data from nonstandard test methods, are discussed.
Influence of mineralogy and plasticity index on the stabilization effectiveness of expansive clays

Stabilization with additives such as lime and cement has been practiced for many years and has proved effective in improving the behavior of expansive soils. Stabilizer design based on plasticity index (PI) and soil gradation is also a widely accepted method. However, some subsoils treated by this methodology have exhibited premature failures. Clay mineralogy plays an active and important role in the chemical reactions between soil and additives. A research study was conducted on six natural expansive soils with known clay mineralogy to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilization by using existing PI-based design charts. Engineering performance of treated soils was studied for longterm durability by exposing these soils to wetting and drying cycles and measuring both the volume change and the unconfined compressive strength during and at select wetting and drying cycles. Treated soil specimens containing high percentages of montmorillonite failed in durability tests when the treatments used PI-based desig...
Conservative Bayes experimental design

A major difficulty in applying Bayes methods is the potential for lack of objectivity when quantifying prior information. Existing Bayes design theory for acceptance/demonstration tests is heuristically examined for sensitivity of the design to changes in the prior distribution. The changes considered are associated with location and shape (information content) of the prior. The concept of a risk-conservative prior is developed as a means of controlling unintentional introduction of subjective prejudice in the choice of prior. The intuitive notion of conservatism in Bayes estimation (a broad flat prior has less influence than a more peaked prior) does not carry into design. It is shown that definition of a conservative prior in experimental design requires an understanding of the effects of changing the prior location and shape on the resulting Bayes risk, and conditional consumer and producer risks. A modified minimax principle is used to simplify prior choice. >
Micro-interferometric backscatter detection using a diode laser

Micro-interferometric backscatter detection (MIBD) is performed with a simple, folded optical train based on the interaction of a diode laser beam and a fused silica capillary tube allowing for refractive index (RI) determinations and detection of optically active molecules in small volumes. Side illumination of the capillary by a laser produces a 360 fan of scattered light that contains two sets of high contrast interference fringes. These light and dark spots are viewed on a flat plane in the direct backscatter configuration. Signal interrogation for polarimetry is based on quantifying the relative intensities (depth of modulation (DOM)) of adjacent high frequency (HF) interference fringes for polarimetry and relative fringe position for RI detection. Positional changes of the interference pattern extrema (fringes) allow for the determination of 1n at the 10 7 level or 5.3 pmol or 0.48 ng of solute. The MIBD-RI detection volume is just 5.0 nl. DOM changes allow for optical activity detection limits of 5.7 10 5 (mandelic acid, [a] 23 = 153, and D-glucose, [a] 25 = +52.5), and a 2 detection limit of 7.5 10 4 M (D-glucose) and 1.14 10 3 M (R-mandelic acid). The probe volume of MIBD-polarimetry was 38 nl, and within the probed volume at the limit of detection, about 28.7 pmol of mandelic acid or about 43.7 pmol of D-glucose is present. Furthermore, DOM (polarimetry signal) is unchanged when a non-optically active solute is interrogated by the MIBD-polarimeter. Finally, an optical model was derived and used to evaluate the advantages and pitfalls of using diode laser for MIBD. ©1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A neuromorphic system for object detection and classification

Unattended object detection, recognition and tracking on unmanned reconnaissance platforms in battlefields and urban spaces are topics of emerging importance. In this paper, we present an unattended object recognition system that automatically detects objects of interest in videos and classifies them into various categories (e.g., person, car, truck, etc.). Our system is inspired by recent findings in visual neuroscience on feed-forward object detection and recognition pipeline and mirrors that via two main neuromorphic modules (1) A front-end detection module that combines form and motion based visual attention to search for and detect “integrated” object percepts as is hypothesized to occur in the human visual pathways; (2) A back-end recognition module that processes only the detected object percepts through a neuromorphic object classification algorithm based on multi-scale convolutional neural networks, which can be efficiently implemented in COTS hardware. Our neuromorphic system was evaluated using a variety of urban area video data collected from both stationary and moving platforms. The data are quite challenging as it includes targets at long ranges, occurring under variable conditions of illuminations and occlusion with high clutter. The experimental results of our system showed excellent detection and classification performance. In addition, the proposed bio-inspired approach is good for hardware implementation due to its low complexity and mapping to off-the-shelf conventional hardware.
A modular approach for three-dimensional shape optimization of structures

An approach for shape optimization of three-dimensional solid structures is described. A major consideration in the development of this capability was the desire to use a commercially available finite-element program, such as NASTRAN, for analysis. Since NASTRAN cannot be called a subroutine, a system architecture of independently executable modules was developed, in which sequential execution is controlled by job control language. Also, sensitivities are not commonly available in commercial programs. A material derivative approach was developed to obtain shape sensitivities by postprocessing finite-element boundary stresses stored on files. A parameterized surface description and mesh generation are provided using isoparametric mapping patches. The feasible directions algorithm CONMIN is used for optimization. Several automotive-related examples are used to evaluate the program's effectiveness.
Induced drag and the ideal wake of a lifting wing

fThe editors of the Journal recognize that this article is controversial. However, in the spirit of providing a forum for authors to express new ideas or to give alternate interpretations of old ideas, we are publishing it. Nomenclature a = rearward component of wake velocity relative to fluid at infinity OQ = rearward component of fluid velocity relative to fluid at infinity at a plane upstream of the wing dE(front)/dt = rate of accumulation of energy in the part of the wake forward of a plane fixed relative to fluid at infinity
The Effect of Nitrofurantoin on the Morphology of Gram-Negative Bacilli

Nitrofurantoin has been reported to inhibit numerous enzymes [1, 2], but there is some question about which, if any, of these represents its primary mode of action. It also interferes with the synthesis of cell walls in Staphylococcus aureus [3]. It is the purpose of this note to report effects of nitrofurantoin on the morphology of some gramnegative enteric bacilli; these suggest nitrofurantoin interferes with their normal cell-wall formation.