cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GraphRank: Statistical Modeling and Mining of Significant Subgraphs in the Feature Space

We propose a technique for evaluating the statistical significance of frequent subgraphs in a database. A graph is represented by a feature vector that is a histogram over a set of basis elements. The set of basis elements is chosen based on domain knowledge and consists generally of vertices, edges, or small graphs. A given subgraph is transformed to a feature vector and the significance of the subgraph is computed by considering the significance of occurrence of the corresponding vector. The probability of occurrence of the vector in a random vector is computed based on the prior probability of the basis elements. This is then used to obtain a probability distribution on the support of the vector in a database of random vectors. The statistical significance of the vector/subgraph is then defined as the p-value of its observed support. We develop efficient methods for computing p-values and lower bounds. A simplified model is further proposed to improve the efficiency. We also address the problem of feature vector mining, a generalization of item- set mining where counts are associated with items and the goal is to find significant sub-vectors. We present an algorithm that explores closed frequent sub-vectors to find significant ones. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques are effective, efficient, and useful for ranking frequent subgraphs by their statistical significance.
Preparation of leukocyte-poor red blood cells using the IBM 2991 blood cell processor.

Leukocyte-poor red blood cells (RBCs) were prepared from one-to-seven-day-old whole blood using the IBM 2991 Blood Cell Processor. Blood was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes on the initial processing cycle and for 1.5 minutes each subsequent cycle. The red blood cell override (RCO) control was used to remove portions of the leukocyte-rich red blood cell layer at the cell/liquid interface after separation. RBC loss was directly proportional to RCO time and averaged 5.4, 10.6, 15.6, 21.2, and 26.7 ml with RCO settings of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 seconds, respectively. A single RCO cycle removed 54.7, 66.0, 70.7, and 69.7 per cent of total leukocytes at RCO settings of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 seconds, respectively. With double cycle processing at the same RCO times, 78.6, 88.9, 90.3, and 90.7 per cent of white blood cells were removed with loss of 12.4, 16.7, 22.4, and 25.4 per cent of RBCs respectively. Four-cycle processing with an initial 2.5-to-5.5-second RCO followed by three 1.5-second RCO cycles removed the greatest number of leukocytes (86.9, 93.3, 93.3, and 91.7 per cent, respectively) with corresponding RBC losses of 11.9, 17.2, 20.2, and 23.1 per cent. Total leukocytes contaminating the processed RBCs averaged 0.37, 0.18, 0.18, and 0.22 × 109, respectively. The processing cycle with the 3.5-second initial RCO provided maximal leukocyte removal and minimal erythrocyte loss.
Hormone and receptor studies: relationship to linear growth in childhood and puberty.

Preliminary data suggested different patterns of hormonal control of linear growth in males and females. To better define these patterns, serum samples were collected from 75–125 boys and a similar number from girls for each year of age between 3–16 yr (n = 2416). Fewer samples were collected from 2-yr-olds, newborns, and adults (n = 151). Samples for each age were aliquoted, combined, and assayed for GH, GHbinding protein (GHBP), insulin-like growth factor-I, and testosterone. GHBP, expressed as a percentage of the [125I[GH bound, increased yearly in males and females, with no relationship to the secretion of sex hormones. The increase in binding of [125I[ GH and, by inference, GH receptors occurred at a greater rate between the ages of 2–10 yr than between 10–16 yr (in terms of absolute binding, 1.2 ± 0.11% vs. 0.38 ± 0.04% yearly; P < 0.001). In each age group, however, the increase in GHBP exhibited a strong positive correlation with linear height (r = 0.96–0.98 in males; r = 0.92–0.99 in females). Be...
Revisión de algunos aspectos de la concentración en Colombia

Muestra algunos aspectos criticos de la concentracion economica y presenta las posibles acciones que puede emprender el estado para controlar ese fenomeno. Adicionalmente analiza la concentracion del poder del mercado en el sector financiero, y en sus posibles consecuencias sobre la centralizacion del poder economico.
The flu and atrial fibrillation: Nothing to sneeze at

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Because of the increasing incidence of AF and its ever-increasing public health burden, significant efforts have recently been put forth into both risk factor identification and modification for AF prevention. A number of traditional risk factors for AF have been identified, many of which are also associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These include nonmodifiable risk factors such as age, sex, and genetics as well as potentially modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease. Nontraditional risk factors have also been explored and include obesity, thyroid disease, valvular heart disease, and inflammation. Elevated inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and C-reactive protein as well as changes in the autonomic nervous system are associated with both primary and secondary episodes of AF. Similarly, these factors have also been found to be associated with acute viral illnesses including influenza. In this issue of HeartRhythm, Chang et al explore the association between new-onset AF, influenza, and influenza vaccination in the large Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with new-onset AF were matched to a control group in a 1:4 ratio on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidity index. The associations between influenza development in the previous year, influenza vaccination, and incident AF were explored. Unvaccinated patients who developed influenza showed a modest but statistically significant association with AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18; P 1⁄4 .032) as compared with a reference group of unvaccinated patients who did not develop AF. The much smaller number (n 1⁄4 696) of patients who were vaccinated but developed influenza failed to show a statistically significant increased risk of developing AF (P 1⁄4 .21), though the HR was similar (HR 1.13). Patients who were vaccinated and did not develop influenza demonstrated a lower risk of incident AF (HR 0.88; P o .001) than did the reference group.
Atomistic Simulation and Density Functional Analysis of Ni(111)-ZrO 2 (100)(Cubic) and NiO(111)-Ni(111)-ZrO 2 (100)(Cubic) Interfaces

The atomic arrangement and electronic structure in the vicinity of Ni(111)- ZrO2(100)(Cubic) and NiO(111)-Ni(111)-ZrO2(100)(Cubic) interfaces have been studied by atomistic simulation and by first-principles Density Functional theory. “Depth Profiling” is carred out in both methodologies, to determine modifications of cohesive energy and electron distribution of atomic layers from the interface plane. The energy profiling results show the interface consists of only a few atomic layers. Simulation results and electron density analyses are in good agreement with High Resolution Spatially Resolved Electron Microscopy data.
A Review of “Food Cultures of the World”

The four-volume Food Cultures of the World serves as an alternative and companion to the twenty-volume Food Cultures Around the World. The present work distinguishes cuisine from a food culture. Cu...
Educating Prospective Kidney Transplant Recipients and Living Donors about Living Donation: Practical and Theoretical Recommendations for Increasing Living Donation Rates

A promising strategy for increasing living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) rates is improving education about living donation for both prospective kidney transplant recipients and living donors to help overcome the proven knowledge, psychological, and socioeconomic barriers to LDKT. A recent Consensus Conference on Best Practices in Live Kidney Donation recommended that comprehensive LDKT education be made available to patients at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, in considering how to implement this recommendation across different healthcare learning environments, the current lack of available guidance regarding how to design, deliver, and measure the efficacy of LDKT education programs is notable. In the current article, we provide an overview of how one behavior change theory, the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, can guide the delivery of LDKT education for patients at various stages of CKD and readiness for LDKT. We also discuss the importance of creating educational programs for both potential kidney transplant recipients and living donors, and identify key priorities for educational research to reduce racial disparities in LDKT and increase LDKT rates.
Drawing Machine

Drawing Machine is the latest in a series of conceptual subtractions from the parameters of drawing as an art act. A precision-controlled CNC device labors in place of the artist, working with unfaltering patience and inhuman precision to fill a sketchbook with images over the course of the exhibition.
Notes on the History of Geometrical Ideas II. the Principle of Duality

(1975). Notes on the History of Geometrical Ideas II. the Principle of Duality. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 274-277.
Lipoxygenase products regulate IRGpIIb/IIIa receptor mediated adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells, subendothelial matrix and fibronectin.

Tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, subendothelial matrix, and fibronectin is stimulated by the lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, 12(S)-HETE, but not by 12(R)-HETE, 5-HETE or 15-HETE. Adhesion is also stimulated by the phorbol ester TPA, an effect inhibited by lipoxygenase but not cyclooxygenase inhibitors. TPA and 12(S)-HETE mediated adhesion is due, in part, to an integrin receptor (i.e., IRGpIIb/IIIa) related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and is inhibited by specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against platelet IIb/IIIa. TPA and 12(S)-HETE stimulated adhesion is also inhibited by a lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid; i.e., 13-HODE. These results suggest bidirectional control of tumor cell adhesion by lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid (increase) and linoleic acid (decrease).
The effect of the rice-fruit diet on the composition of the body.

THE development of effective therapeutic measures for the control of essential hypertension is one of the most pressing problems facing present-day medical investigators. Attempts to treat hypertension by various dietary measures have often stimulated the hopes of the medical profession,1 but no dietary technic has, in fact, provided a means of breaking the therapeutic impasse. The introduction of the rice-fruit diet in 1944 constitutes the latest attempt to control hypertension by dietary means. By the use of the diet, its originator reported significant lowering of the blood pressure in 62 per cent of 500 patients with essential hypertension; he also . . .
Profiling of Stable Isotope Enrichment in Specialized Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography and Multiplexed Nonselective Collision-Induced Dissociation

Engineering of specialized metabolites in plants, microbes, and other organisms is hindered by significant knowledge gaps about metabolic pathways responsible for metabolite accumulation and degradation. While isotopic tracers have provided important information about metabolic fluxes in central metabolism, limitations of mass spectrometric strategies for quantifying stable isotope incorporation into both intact metabolites and specific substructures have slowed extension of these techniques to large specialized metabolites. This report describes the application of electrospray ionization with data-independent multiplexed nonselective collision induced dissociation (CID) on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This strategy yields quasi-simultaneous collection, on the chromatographic time scale, of mass spectra with different degrees of fragment ion formation without biases introduced by precursor mass selection or selective ion activation and provides measurements of stable isotope enrichments in intact m...
Curative Effect of Laser Oxygen Liquid for Scopolamine Adjuvant Therapy on Intractable Epilepsy in Children

Objective To observe the clinical effect of laser oxygen liquid for scopolamine(LOFS)adjuvant therapy on intractable epilepsy in children.Methods Sixty-eight children with intractable epilepsy,aged 1-14 years old,were given LOFS treatment,and meanwhile they were given antiepilepsy drugs as before.LOFS were prepared by the DJF-IA-based multi-function laser blood treatment device,using 50 g·L-1 glucose 5-10 mL·kg-1 as medium in the blood treatment apparatus,accepting 15 min He-Ne laser irradiation and oxygenation,in addition scopolamine 0.01-0.03 mg·kg-1.LOFS was given by intravenous infusion once daily for 10 days every month for 3 months.Results The overall frequency of seizure with various seizure types during 3 months before LOFS treatment was 34 792 times per month,with(659.00± 31.24) mean times per month.It was obviously efficient during 3 months of LOFS treatment,in which the total frequency of various seizures descended to 965 times per month,with(14.00±5.36) mean times per month.The rate of decline was 89.99% compared with that before LOFS treatment(t=7.36,P0.01),and total effective rate of LOFS was 95.59%.The rate of epileptic EEG discharges in 68 cases before treatment was 100%,then dropped to 68.5% after LOFS was given.EEG became normal and had no epileptic discharges in 7 cases(10.29%),which indicated the rate of seizure was obviously cut down in 6 cases and no changes in 1 patient.It was contradictory that EEG changes and clinical improvement were not entirely consistent after LOFS treatment,because there were 50 cases(69.15%) whose seizure frequency reduced more than 50%,meanwhile EEG showed no significant change.Conclusion LOFS might be a new effective auxiliary therapy on intractable epilepsy.
Degradation of RNA in liver of rats treated with actinomycin D.

Actinomycin D (2 mg/kg) was given to rats after administration of a labeled RNA precursor (orotie-6-14C acid); thereafter, labeled RNA was extracted from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of liver and sedimented in sucrose gradients. Following treatment with actinomycin, newly synthesized RNA (i.e., labeled 40 min or less before the drug was given) was lost labeled RNA failed to appear in the cytoplasm. This loss also occurred in adrenalectomized mats. There was no apparent loss of older RNA (i.e., labeled 3 hr before drug) or massive destruction of unlabeled ribosomes amid polysomes. The results suggest that time transfer of labeled RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was blocked because of destruction of precursors of ribosomal RNA. Since these and other forms of RNA are synthesized in the nucleus, it is likely that the loss occurred here, possibly at nucleolar sites which are thought to participate in ribosomnal synthesis.
Efficient Algorithms for the Two Locus Problem in Genome-Wide Association Study: Algorithms for the Two Locus Problem

Advances made in sequencing technology have resulted in the sequencing of thousands of genomes. Novel analysis tools are needed to process these data and extract useful information. Such tools could aid in personalized medicine. As an example, we could identify the causes for a disease by comparing the genomes of people who have the disease and those who do not have this disease. Given that human variability happens due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we could focus our attention on these SNPs. Investigations that try to understand human variability using SNPs fall under genome-wide association study (GWAS). A crucial step in GWAS is the identification of the correlation between genotypes (SNPs) and phenotypes (i.e., characteristics such as the presence of a disease). This step can be modeled as the k-locus problem (where k is any integer). A number of algorithms have been proposed in the literature for this problem when k = 2. In this paper we present an algorithm for solving the 2-locus problem that is up to two orders of magnitude faster than the previous best known algorithms.
Ula Y. Taylor's “Making Waves: The Theory and Practice of Black Feminism”

(2014). Ula Y. Taylor's “Making Waves: The Theory and Practice of Black Feminism”. The Black Scholar: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 48-51.
Antivascular photo-mediated ultrasound therapy

In this work, a new therapeutic technique targeting blood vessels based on photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) was evaluated. By synergistically applying ultrasound waves on the target tissue during laser ablation, the cavitation effect can be greatly enhanced. This technique was applied to remove small blood vessels in a chicken embryo model and demonstrated promising outcomes. The treated blood vessels were either completely removed or significantly shrunk in size. In the control experiment where samples were treated with either ultrasound or laser alone, no changes in blood vessels were observed. With the advantages including high selectivity, high efficiency and label free, the developed PUT technique could be a new tool for treating a variety of diseases involving abnormal vasculature.
Surgical Quality Improvement: Local Quality Improvement

The quality movement has dramatically changed both the practice and perception of healthcare over the last 30 years. In surgery, the unique details of any particular patient’s case may have made comparative quality reporting and benchmarking more challenging, but these obstacles should not let the surgical care of patients to be omitted from quality movement. The variation in outcomes following standardized surgical procedures has been recognized for many years. The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease study group first reported regional variations in mortality following coronary artery bypass procedures that were attributable to different processes of care rather than underlying patient factors in 1996 (O’Connor et al. JAMA 275:841–846, 1996). Since then, a plethora of national and regional collaboratives have been organized to identify outperforming and underperforming institutions in an effort to highlight best practices for improving patient outcomes. Some of the most successful registry-based quality improvement efforts include the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Index, Washington state’s Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program, the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative, and the Tennessee Surgical Quality Collaborative. These collaboratives have identified important areas of improvement for enhanced patient outcomes and have disseminated their findings into everyday surgical practice (Englesbe et al. Ann Surg 252:514–519, 2010; Guillamondegui et al. J Am Coll Surg 214:709–714, 2012; Kalish et al. J Vasc Surg 60:1238–1246, 2014; Simianu et al. Ann Surg 260:533–538, 2014).
First-Order Autoregression

In all the situations with which we have dealt so far, we have assumed independence among the observations. However, it is commonplace in meteorological and climatological time series (e.g., monthly precipitation, drought indices) for successive elements to be statistically related to one another. Persistence and cyclical behavior are both manifestations of a lack of independence between observations. In the example considered in the previous chapter, the successive values of the random elements ϵ i from one December to the next or from one January to the next were explicitly assumed to be independent, even though we did allow for month-to-month correlation. In other words, y i depended on x i but not on y i −1. We will now consider inferences involving time series in which the value of each member depends, in a statistical sense, on the previous value.
Inverse modeling of non-cooperative agents via mixture of utilities

We describe a new method of parametric utility learning for non-cooperative, continuous games using a probabilistic interpretation for combining multiple utility functions—thereby creating a mixture of utilities—under non-spherical noise terms. We present an adaptation of mixture of regression models that takes in to account heteroskedasticity. We show the performance of the proposed method by estimating the utility functions of players using data from a social game experiment designed to encourage energy efficient behavior amongst building occupants. Using occupant voting data we simulate the new game defined by the estimated mixture of utilities and show that the resulting forecast is more accurate than robust utility learning methods such as constrained Feasible Generalized Least Squares (cFGLS), ensemble methods such as bagging, and classical methods such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).
A Uniquified Virtualization Approach to Hardware Security

Virtualization has well-known security advantages for operating systems and software, but current techniques do not address increasingly important hardware-security concerns. For widely deployed systems (e.g., Internet of Things) and safety-critical systems (e.g., defense and automobiles), protecting against device tampering is critical, but is often unavoidable due to the relative ease of side-channel attacks. In this letter, we present a novel usage of virtualization that limits damage from bitstream tampering to a single instance of a deployed system by employing unique virtual architectures (i.e., overlays) on field-programmable gate arrays.
Retention Matters: Academic Libraries Leading the Way

ABSTRACTAcademic libraries have always strived to be purposively involved in the university's mission attainment efforts. Today, the increase of retention levels is paramount, and, in many cases, it is at the center of higher education institution's strategic plans. For Andrews University, for example, the goal is to reach 80% in the next five years. In the United States, student retention efforts become even more critical due, in part, to declining enrollment numbers set off by soaring higher education costs. Academic librarians are aware of the library's role in the university's overall efforts to increase persistence rates and curtail attrition. Through a literature review, this article highlights how academic libraries are participating in this process. This study focuses on how academic libraries can be leaders in their Institutions by adopting a user-centered philosophy and services that will promote life-long learning, enhance students’ academic experience, and promote engagement, leading to retention.
A LIDAR sensor prototype with embedded 14-bit 52 ps resolution ILO-TDC array

High resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems enable rapid imaging and mapping for applications such as autonomous vehicles and robotics. This paper presents a high-resolution LIDAR sensor system-on-a-chip (SoC) prototype containing a 31 × 2 pixel channel array with the input time-of-flight resolved by a 32 × 1 time-to-digital converter (TDC) array. A low-power avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver front-end with output bit-line sharing allows an array implementation and achieves ? 22 dBm sensitivity. Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are utilized in a TDC design to both minimize clock distribution power and improve timing accuracy. An on-chip phase-looked loop calibrates for ILO global PVT variations and ensures reliability over a wide operating range. Fabricated in GP 65 nm CMOS, the 14-bit TDC consumes 788 μW/channel and achieves 52 ps resolution over an 830 ns full-scale range, 37.2 psrms single-shot precision, 11 psrms channel uniformity, and DNL/INL of 0.56/1.56 LSB, respectively. This electrical characterization projects that the SoC has the potential for 0.78 cm ranging precision over a 124 m maximum ranging distance. Sensor testing with a pulsed laser and an APD array hybrid-integrated with the CMOS SoC shows a measurement range of over 700 ns with a 3.2 ns maximum single-shot error.
Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infection: A Comparative Analysis of Then and Now

The past 15 years have witnessed remarkable advances in the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections including the sequential introduction of donor screening assays for HIV and HCV, the advent of solvent detergent and other technologies for the sterilisation of plasma, intensified and more uniform donor questionnaires, increased FDA oversight and the demanding dictates of “Good Manufacturing Practices and most recently, the introduction of genomic amplification techniques (GAT) to narrow the infectious window for the most serious blood-transmitted viruses. To place these advances into perspective, prior to HIV testing in the spring of 1985, 8038 cases of transfusion-transmitted AIDS were reported in adults and 374 in children. In the 14 years since the first anti-HIV assays became available, there have been only 37 cases of transfusion-associated AIDS reported in adults and 2 in children; most of these cases occurred during the first generation of HIV assays and transmission is now an exceedingly rare event estimated to occur at a frequency of one case per 676,000 transfusions.
Predictors, costs, and causes of readmission after surgery for sinonasal cancer: a national perspective.

Background Hospital readmissions are an increasingly scrutinized marker of surgical care delivery and quality. There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the rate, risk factors, and common causes of readmission after surgery for sinonasal cancer. Methods We analyzed the Nationwide Readmissions Database for patients who underwent surgery for a diagnosis of sinonasal cancer between 2010 and 2014. Rates, causes, and patient-, procedure-, and hospital-level risk factors for 30-day readmission were determined. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of 30-day readmission. Results Among the 4173 cases, the 30-day readmission rate was 11.6%, with an average cost per readmission of $18,403. The most common readmission diagnoses were wound complications (15.3%) and infections (13.4%). On multivariate regression, significant risk factors for readmission were chronic renal failure (odds ratio [OR], 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-6.17), involvement of the skull base or orbit (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.11-2.51), nonelective initial surgical admission (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.42-3.89), and length of stay ≥7 days (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.14-3.05). Conclusion Through the use of a large national database, we found that approximately 1 in 9 patients undergoing surgery for sinonasal cancer was readmitted within 30 days. Readmissions were most commonly associated with wound complications and infections. Factors related to procedural complexity were more important predictors of readmission than patients' demographics or comorbidities.
The Institutional Learning Curve of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Prostate Biopsy: Temporal Improvements in Cancer Detection in 4 Years

Purpose: While magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy allows for improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, a concerning amount of clinically significant di...
SPARSE SUBSPACE CLUSTERING WITH MISSING AND CORRUPTED DATA

In many settings, we can accurately model high-dimensional data as lying in a union of subspaces. Subspace clustering is the process of inferring the subspaces and determining which point belongs to each subspace. In this paper we study a robust variant of sparse subspace clustering (SSC) [1]. While SSC is well-understood when there is little or no noise, less is known about SSC under significant noise or missing entries. We establish clustering guarantees in the presence of corrupted or missing entries. We give explicit bounds on the amount of additive noise and the number of missing entries the algorithm can tolerate, both in deterministic settings and in a random generative model. Our analysis shows that this method can tolerate up to$O(n/d)$ missing entries per column instead of$O(n/d^{2})$ as previous analyses show, where we have$d$-dimensional subspaces in an$n$-dimensional ambient space. Moreover, our method and analysis work by simply filling in the missing entries with zeros and do not need to know the location of missing entries.
Pediatric Stroke Imaging.

Abstract Background Pediatric stroke is a distinct clinical entity as compared with that in adults due to its unique and diverse set of etiologies. Furthermore, the role and application of diagnostic imaging has specific constraints and considerations. The intention of this article is to review these concepts in a thorough manner to offer a pediatric stroke imaging framework that providers can employ when taking care of these patients. Methods A comprehensive primary and secondary literature review was performed with specific attention to the common causes of pediatric stroke, appropriate use of neuroimaging, specific imaging findings, and developing techniques which may improve our ability to accurately diagnose these patients. Results Findings from this literature review were synthesized and summarized in order to thoroughly review the aforementioned concepts and outline the current consensus-based approach to diagnostic imaging in pediatric stroke. Furthermore, imaging findings drawn from patients seen in our institution are demonstrated to familiarize readers with pediatric stroke neuroimaging. Conclusions The challenges posed by pediatric stroke can be mitigated, in part, by the thoughtful application of diagnostic imaging, with the ultimate hope of improving outcomes for these vulnerable patients.
Diffuse-Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Study of the Carotenoid Bixin Attached to Irradiated TiO2

Diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopic measurement of the carotenoid cis-bixin on TiO2 shows adsorbance of bixin by the presence of carboxylate, methine, H2O removal or strong...
The Role of Servocontrolled Testing in the Development of the Theory of Viscoplasticity Based on Total Strain and Overstress

The rate-dependent properties of AISI Type 304 stainless steel and of the high-strength Ti-7Al-2Cb-1Ta alloy obtained with tension specimens using a servocontrolled testing machine at room temperature are discussed. Testsinvolve strain rates between 10 - 8 and 10 - 2 s - 1 , strain rate changes, relaxation periods, stress rates between 10 - 1 and 10 2 MPa s - 1 , and creep periods. The viscoplasticity model based on total strain and overstress is introduced and shown to qualitatively reproduce the properties observed under strain control. The theory is then examined for its qualitative prediction under stress control, and it is found that the average creep rate need not increase with an increase in stress owing to the overstress (effective stress) dependence of the creep rate. Numerical experiments illustrate this property, which is then confirmed by real experiments. The theory has two material functions representing work hardening and rate dependence. A method of determining the function representing rate dependence from strain rate change tests is discussed. For Type 304 stainless steel this function is represented by two equivalent expressions which can be used from static (10 - 8 s - 1 ) to dynamic strain rates (10 3 s - 1 ). A rate sensitivity factor M (akin to the m-factor used in materials science) is introduced. It is shown to vary with overstress or strain rate.
Mind the Mind: How Am I Doing and How Can I Do Better?

This chapter begins to address how managers can affect the mental well-being of individuals in their organizations. It asks managers to first take a personal inventory – including what type of leader they feel they might be and their understanding of mental illness. It then advances what type of leadership skills are needed to promote and build an organization’s mental well-being. It ends with an exercise that encourages readers to consider how they tend to behave when faced with mental issues in their teams and what costs each approach might have.
Cerebrovascular Alterations in Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer’s disease, the leading cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly, has traditionally been considered a disease of neurons. Structural and function alterations of cerebral blood vessels also occur, but direct evidence of a causal involvement in the pathobiology of the disease has been lacking. This Viewpoint will review new data that may help shed light into the intriguing association between vascular and neurodegenerative pathology.
Infliximab for treatment-refractory transverse myelitis following immune therapy and radiation

Neurologic toxicities with immune therapy are rare, but can cause devastating and often permanent injury when they occur. Although there is increasing interest in the potential synergism between immune therapy and radiation, it is possible that such combinations may lead to a greater number or increased severity of immune-related adverse events. We present here a case of extensive and progressive transverse myelitis following combined therapy, which did not improve until treatment with infliximab. This case highlights the unmet need for treatment of adverse events that are refractory to consensus recommendations, and may ultimately require further study and incorporation into future published guidelines. We report a case of a 68-year-old with metastatic melanoma, who developed transverse myelitis in the setting of immune checkpoint blockade and spinal irradiation for vertebral metastases. Despite management according to published consensus guidelines: cessation of immune therapy, high-dose steroids, and plasmapheresis, he continued to deteriorate neurologically, and imaging revealed a progressive and ascending transverse myelitis. The patient was then treated with infliximab, and demonstrated dramatic imaging and modest clinical improvement following the first treatment cycle. This is the first report describing the successful use of infliximab in immune therapy and radiation-related transverse myelitis that was not responding to recommended therapy. Evaluation of additional treatment options such as infliximab for high-grade immune-related neurologic toxicities is warranted, and may be needed earlier in the disease process to prevent significant morbidity. The adverse effects of immune therapy when used in combination with radiation also require further investigation.
Prevalence of Clinic First Curricula: A Survey of AFMRD Members

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clinic First residency curricular approaches hold promise as models to successfully prepare primary care residents for future practice. The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of the Clinic First model in current family medicine residency training environments, and assess beliefs surrounding curricular structure and postgraduate practice. METHODS An eight-question survey was conducted among Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors (AFMRD) members in 2017. Data were grouped and analyzed for statistical significance and correlation using analysis of variance, Kendall's τ, χ2, and Fisher exact test. RESULTS Two hundred-eleven AFMRD members responded to the survey; 27% described their current curriculum as Clinic First; 68% stated that their ideal curriculum is Clinic First. Residents in Clinic First programs spend more half-days in continuity clinic per week compared with traditional programs during PGY1 (1.79, 1.39, P=0.001) and PGY2 (3.18, 2.90, P=0.024). In group analyses, 63% of Clinic First respondents prioritized clinic in developing resident schedules, compared with 8% of traditional respondents (P<0.001). Seventy-four percent of Clinic First respondents described their philosophy as full spectrum, compared with 93% of traditional respondents (P<0.001). Seventy-five percent of respondents listed their graduates' most common practice type as outpatient practice, and there were no differences between groups (P=0.361). Sixty-one percent of traditional respondents stated that their ideal curriculum is Clinic First (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a high level of interest in the Clinic First model as a tool to prepare residents for future practice, but barriers to implementation need to be explored and addressed.
Oddo Securities―ESG Integration

The case describes the process of integrating environmental, social, and governance issues into valuation models and research analyst recommendations.Learning Objective: Making investment decisions based on environmental, social and governance analysis.
La identidad en el aula de lengua extranjera

This article explores the relationship between learning and the construction of identity, and the necessity of implementing methodologies and policies that take into consideration the social factors that can favor or impair student progress in the classroom. Specifically, the text aims to explain the relationship between learning an additional language and identity construction and the ways in which this is conditioned by the social context where the learning takes place.
Leveraging Emerging Technology for LOAC Compliance

Many of the current issues with LOAC compliance are rooted in the limitation that parties to an armed conflict are only required to do what is “feasible” to protect civilians and civilian objects during hostilities. This would, of course, apply to the employment of emerging technologies. However, an understanding of feasibility that is enlightened by the use of emerging technologies will dramatically increase the effectiveness of steps parties to an armed conflict can take to protect the civilian population. Further, the effectiveness and ease of application of these emerging technologies should be reflected in what the international community accepts as feasible actions by the parties to an armed conflict.
Food and Drug Administration's Perspective on Medical Devices Intended for Weight Loss: A Guide for the Interventional Radiologist

Medical devices can help patients lose weight. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health is responsible for assuring the safety and effectiveness of devices used for weight loss. Interventional radiologists may conduct clinical studies of devices for weight loss, such as embolization beads to stop blood flow to gastric arteries or cryoablation systems to ablate metabolism-linked nerves. The purposes of this paper are (1) to clarify the FDA's role providing regulatory oversight of clinical studies of medical devices; (2) to explain how to engage with the FDA; and (3) to provide information on the design of clinical studies intended to support a weight loss indication. In particular, Investigational Device Exemptions (IDEs) are needed for significant risk studies for new devices, or for off-label use of legally marketed devices. The FDA is available through the Pre-Submission process to assist when determining if a study requires an IDE, and to discuss plans for submitting an IDE. The FDA works with medical device manufacturers and clinical researchers who want to bring novel weight-loss devices to market.
Outcomes in Children with Primary Immunodeficiencies Undergoing HSCT Complicated By BCG-Osis

Introduction BCG vaccination is an important global health measure in countries with endemic tuberculosis but poses significant risks when administered to patients with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) or genetic defects associated with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD). A study by Marciano et al. reported that BCG-osis occurred in over 50% of BCG-vaccinated patients with SCID. The impact of this infection on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) outcomes is unclear. Importantly, BCG-directed antimicrobial regimens are variable and little is known about whether these drugs impact engraftment when administered at the time of transplant. Methods Our study retrospectively reviewed transplant outcomes for children with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) complicated by BCG-osis between 2013 and 2019. Data analyzed include diagnosis, conditioning regimen, antimicrobial therapies, severity of BCG disease, survival and donor engraftment. Results 5 patients underwent allogeneic HSCT complicated by BCG-osis. Patient demographics and BCG treatment details are shown in Table 1. Patients received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) with alemtuzumab/fludarabine/melphalan (n=3) or a reduced toxicity myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen with alemtuzumab/fludarabine/busulfan (n=2). All patients engrafted in less than 15 days with at least 99% whole blood donor chimerism. Two patients subsequently developed mixed chimerism. Both had SCID and received RIC. Whole blood donor chimerism for all patients is shown in Figure 1 and sorted T-cell donor chimerism for patients with mixed chimerism is shown in Figure 2. Four out of five patients (80%) remain alive at a median follow up of 894 days (range 92-2152 days). Conclusion Our experience suggests that children with PIDs undergoing HSCT complicated by BCG-osis have favorable outcomes with BCG-directed antimicrobial therapy. In addition, BCG-directed antimicrobial therapy was well tolerated and did not immediately appear to affect engraftment in our study. Patients who received MAC had durable donor chimerism. Expected mixed chimerism was observed in patients with SCID who received RIC, but donor T-cell chimerism was durable. As post-transplant BCG-osis occurred in several patients, our experience suggests that antimicrobial therapy is likely needed for several months until immune reconstitution is achieved.
CHAPTER 14 – Purines and Pyrimidines

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of purines and pyrimidines. The recognition of the biological importance of purines and pyrimidines as constituents of nucleic acids has been responsible for much research concerning the enzymatic processes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these compounds. Renewed interest in the entire nucleic-acid field has been greatly stimulated by findings such as the following: (1) tobacco mosaic and other viruses are complex nucleoproteins, (2) nucleic acids are closely associated with the nuclear chromatin material of the cell and thereby with the transmission of inheritable traits, and (3) nucleoproteins appear to be concerned with protein synthesis in some ill-defined manner. In addition to their relation to nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines are integral components of various coenzymes and other essential cell constituents. The purine compound, uric acid, serves as the end product of nitrogen catabolism in birds, whereas the end product in mammals is urea.
Synthesizing Process and Pedagogy in the Development of a Field Marine Science Course for K-8 Teachers

MAR-380: The Learning and Teaching of Marine Science, is a science course specifically designed to integrate scientific content and pedagogical practice. This course, developed at Rider University, bridges the gap between the learning of science and the teaching of science through a seamless integration of science content and science pedagogy. The course emphasizes an inquiry-based approach, with students examining four different coastal environments through field exercises on the New Jersey shore. Before each trip, students learn about each environment through lecture and discussion, and develop their own questions about potential interactions between physical and biological processes. Students complete assigned readings of exemplary science lessons pertinent to the field site and answer relevant review questions prior to the trip. Students then collaboratively design field procedures to collect appropriate data to answer their questions. Samples are collected and data recorded in the field, analyzed in ...
The Rise of Data Capital

Data as a human-created resource is naturally one capital, which changes the game in terms of how we respond to the new economy. It is beneficial to entrepreneurs (and innovators) for many purposes, such as reclassifying capital, accounting intangibles, anchoring traditional markets, and making human capital shareable. This chapter is through case studies to compare data capital and intangible capital and to consider workforce implications under big data. An experiment of quantifying social media clout capital is given in the last.
Digital Backpropagation for Optical Path Monitoring: Loss Profile and Passband Narrowing Estimation

We propose an optical-path backpropagation algorithm that enables monitoring the loss profile along fibres and the individual frequency-detuning of cascaded optical filters in multi-span links. The method is based on the learning of backpropagation with complex-valued FIR filters and successfully identifies an anomaly optical filter.
Multiplatform Integrative Analyses of Immunosuppressive Signatures in Cortisol-secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy and nearly half of ACC tumors have been shown to overproduce and secrete adrenal steroids. Excess cortisol secretion, in particular, has been associated with poor prognosis among ACC patients. Furthermore, recent immunotherapy clinical trials demonstrated significant immunoresistance among cortisol-secreting ACC (CS-ACC) patients when compared to their non-Cortisol-secreting (nonCS-ACC) counterparts. The immunosuppressive role of excess glucocorticoid therapies and secretion is well established, however, the impact of the cortisol hypersecretion on ACC tumor microenvironment (TME), immune expression profiles, and immune cell responses remain largely undefined. In this study, we characterized the TME of ACC patients and compared the immunogenomic profiles of nonCS-ACC and CS-ACC tumors to assess the impact of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to immune processes on patient prognosis. Comprehensive multiplatform immunogenomic computational analyses of ACC tumors deciphered an immunosuppressive expression profile with a direct impact on patient survival. We identified several primary immunogenomic prognostic indicators and potential targets within the tumor immune landscape of CS-ACC that define a distinct TME and provide additional insight into the understanding of potential contributory mechanisms underlying failure of initial immunotherapeutic trials and poor prognosis of patients with CS-ACC.
Adrenergically induced translocation of red blood cell β-adrenergic sodium-proton exchangers has ecological relevance for hypoxic and hypercapnic white seabass.

White seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) increasingly experience periods of low oxygen (O2; hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (CO2, hypercapnia) due to climate change and eutrophication of the coastal w...
Characterizing visitor engagement behavior at large-scale events: Activity sequence clustering and ranking using GPS tracking data

Abstract This study uses GPS data of 1461 participants at a planned special event organized in Oshkosh, Wisconsin named AirVenture to characterize their spatio-temporal activity participation behavior. The GPS data is used to derive activity sequences for participants and study the attractiveness of various activities at the event site. A validation procedure is proposed using aerial photos, from which crowd density is estimated and compared to heatmaps of GPS data. A machine learning clustering approach is used to group participants into market segments on the basis of their activity sequences. The results show a prevalence of 6 behavioral groups with statistical tests confirming significant differences related to movement and time use. Finally, a multinomial logit model is formulated, demonstrating that age, prior visitation, and attendance plan (daily vs. weekly) affect the typological behavior. The results reveal valuable insights that can help special event organizers with related marketing and planning strategies.