cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heteroduplex analysis of T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement as an adjuvant diagnostic tool in skin biopsies for erythroderma

Background: Erythroderma, defined as red skin covering most of the body surface often accompanied or followed by exfoliation, is the clinical manifestation of at least six different underlying etiologies with allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, atopic/asteotic dermatitis, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis accounting for the majority of cases. Approximately 10% of cases are due to adverse drug reactions with roughly another 10% due to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), predominantly mycosis fungoides, or leukemia. It is clear from multiple studies that the clinical diagnosis of the underlying entity is often difficult, as these diseases can present in a very similar fashion. A skin biopsy is usually employed in this setting as a diagnostic tool. However, the histopathologic diagnosis of the underlying cause is complicated by the subtlety of the distinguishing histologic features. In this situation, an ancillary technique demonstrating the presence of a monoclonal T-cell proliferation could help to rule in or out CTCL in cases that clinically and histopathologically do not allow a definitive diagnosis. Methods: We retrospectively studied 25 biopsies from sixteen patients who presented to the Stanford Dermatology Clinic with erythroderma. We examined the specimens morphologically and analyzed the gamma chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR- γ) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by heteroduplex analysis for clonality. We then correlated the results of our PCR and heteroduplex analyses with the patients’ clinical outcomes. Results: Four biopsies, from three patients, contained clonal TCR-γ rearrangements; the four biopsies, all of which were equivocal histologically, correlated to diagnoses of mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sezary syndrome (SS). Twenty-one biopsies contained polyclonal T-cell populations. Eighteen of these biopsies represent patients with inflammatory dermatoses. Three of these biopsies, all of which were taken from a single patient, correlate to a diagnosis of MF. Conclusion: TCR-γ PCR heteroduplex analysis seems to represent an important adjuvant diagnostic tool that, used in conjunction with histopathology and clinical history, could help to clarify the underlying etiology of erythroderma.
An assessment of behavioral aging in the Mongolian gerbil.

Abstract Male Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) 14–54 months old ( n = 77) were evaluated in a battery of psychomotor (open field, locomotor, and runwheel activity, rotorod performance) and learning (one-way active avoidance in a straight runway and in 14-unit T-maze performance) tests. Body weight and seizure activity were also monitored. According to linear regression analysis, runwheel activity decreased with age; and the number of errors in the 14-unit T-maze increased as a function of age ( ps ⩽ 0.05). None of the other behavioral measures or body weight were significantly correlated with age. This gerbil strain (Tumblebrook Farms; West Brookfield, MA) tended to be very prone to seizures with 64% of the gerbils experiencing at least one seizure while being tested. Seizures tended to occur when the gerbil was exposed to a novel situation (e.g., initial weighing, placement on the rotorod). An age-related decline in some aspects of psychomotor and learning performance was observed, suggesting the gerbil as an additional mammalian model of aging. The high incidence of seizure activity presented a complicating and confounding variable to the interpretation of the results of the behavioral tests used in the present study. Interventions to control seizure activity (e.g., systematic, controlled breeding; adaptation to apparati) in this model will likely increase its viability as a mammalian model of aging.
Chaotic particle transport in time-dependent Rayleigh-Bénard convection

The transport of passive impurities in nearly two-dimensional, time-periodic Rayleigh-B\'enard convection is studied experimentally and numerically. The transport may be described as a one-dimensional diffusive process with a local effective diffusion constant ${D}^{\mathrm{*}}$(x) that is found to depend linearly on the local amplitude of the roll oscillation. The transport is independent of the molecular diffusion coefficient and is enhanced by 1--3 orders of magnitude over that for steady convective flows. The local amplitude of oscillation shows strong spatial variations, causing ${D}^{\mathrm{*}}$(x) to be highly nonuniform. Computer simulations of a simplified model show that the basic mechanism of transport is chaotic advection in the vicinity of oscillating roll boundaries. Numerical estimates of ${D}^{\mathrm{*}}$ are found to agree semiquantitatively with the experimental results. Chaotic advection is shown to provide a well-defined transition from the slow, diffusion-limited transport of time-independent cellular flows to the rapid transport of turbulent flows.
Determination of radial bone mineral content in low birth weight infants by photon absorptiometry

Studies at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated that photon absorptiometry is a precise, accurate, and reproducible technique for measuring bone mineral content in premature infants and can be used to establish an "intrauterine" curve of bone mineralization in the fetus. Photon absorptiometry can also be used to measure bone width, thereby documenting appositional bone growth. The bone mineral content/bone width ratio may be helpful in identifying disorders of bone mineral metabolism in premature infants. The technique has been used to demonstrate that relatively poor bone mineralization (compared with the intrauterine curve) occurs in very low birth weight infants after birth, regardless of the type of feeding or the presence or absence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
An Old Favorite: The Noncircular “Wheel”

For many years, Prof. H.R. Crane of the University of Michigan wrote a wonderful series of notes for The Physics Teacher under the running title “How Things Work.” I find myself going back regularly to them for inspiration and remembrance.
Consideration of Demographics and Variance in Regression Approaches to Estimating Body Dimensions for Spatial Analysis of Design

A common objective in designing for human variability is to consider the variability in body size and shape of the target user population. Since anthropometric data specific to the user population of interest are seldom available, the variability is approximated. This is done in a number of ways, including the use of data from populations that are well-documented (e.g., the military), proportionality constants, and digital human models. These approaches have specific limitations, including a failure to consider the effects of lifestyle and demography resulting in products, tasks, and environments that are inappropriately sized for the actual user population, causing problems with safety, fit, and performance. This paper explores a regression-based approach in a context where the demographic distributions of descriptors (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, and fitness) are dissimilar for the database and target population. Also examined is a stratified regression model involving the development of independent anthropometry-estimation models for each racial group. When using regression with residual variance, stratification on the predictor demographics to obtain estimates of gender, stature, and BMI distributions is shown to be sufficiently robust for usual database-target population combinations. Consideration of demographic variables in development of the regression model provides marginal improvement, but could be appropriate in specific situations.
Magnetospheric Plasma Flow and the Nature of the Magnetospheric Boundary Layer

Bulk flow of plasma in the outer magnetosphere has been studied using measurements of protons (30 eV 18 R E at that time. As the satellites pass from the magnetotail to the magnetosheath, they traverse a region, the boundary layer, whose thickness ranges up to a few thousand kilometers. The boundary layer plasma has a temperature similar to that of the magnetosheath plasma, but its number density and bulk flow speed are substantially less than those of the magnetosheath plasma. It is suggested that the boundary layer is the magnetic projection of the day-side cusp and is a site of energy and plasma transfer from the magnetosheath into the plasma sheet.
Lessons from the evaluation of the ACCESS program

The authors summarize the main findings of the ACCESS (Access to Community Care and Effective Services) program and offer lessons for policy makers. Data from studies at the site level and the client level, which were presented in the two previous articles in this issue of Psychiatric Services, are summarized and synthesized with the authors' collective experience with the ACCESS program. The results of the evaluation suggest that although service systems integration can be improved, targeted efforts to implement strategies for integration do not produce better client outcomes. Efforts to integrate service systems can be supported by their effects on some organizational relationships within the mental health service system but not by their widespread effects across human services or their direct effects on clients.
Classes and Consequences of Multiple Maltreatment: A Person-Centered Analysis

While the overwhelming majority of research on the consequences of childhood maltreatment reports differential outcomes of specific maltreatment subtypes (e.g., physical abuse vs. emotional abuse) as though they are independent, maltreatment experiences often occur in combination. The present study evaluated multiple maltreatment experiences in a sample of 2,637 undergraduate students who reported on childhood maltreatment and current adjustment. The authors used latent class analysis to examine predominant patterns of multiple maltreatment experiences and investigated indices of psychosocial adjustment associated with those patterns. Results suggested that specific constellations of multiple maltreatment have qualitatively different associations with adjustment. Emotional abuse, alone or in combination with other maltreatment types, was especially salient for psychopathology (e.g., anxiety, depression), while a combination of physical and emotional abuse was most strongly associated with conduct-related problems (e.g., substance use, risky sexual behavior). These findings have both practical and empirical signifi- cance for understanding and classifying experiences of maltreatment.
TBR1 directly represses Fezf2 to control the laminar origin and development of the corticospinal tract

The corticospinal (CS) tract is involved in controlling discrete voluntary skilled movements in mammals. The CS tract arises exclusively from layer (L) 5 projection neurons of the cerebral cortex, and its formation requires L5 activity of Fezf2 (Fezl, Zfp312). How this L5-specific pattern of Fezf2 expression and CS axonal connectivity is established with such remarkable fidelity had remained elusive. Here we show that the transcription factor TBR1 directly binds the Fezf2 locus and represses its activity in L6 corticothalamic projection neurons to restrict the origin of the CS tract to L5. In Tbr1 null mutants, CS axons ectopically originate from L6 neurons in a Fezf2-dependent manner. Consistently, misexpression of Tbr1 in L5 CS neurons suppresses Fezf2 expression and effectively abolishes the CS tract. Taken together, our findings show that TBR1 is a direct transcriptional repressor of Fezf2 and a negative regulator of CS tract formation that restricts the laminar origin of CS axons specifically to L5.
80-100 T solenoids through bucking

Bucking of a high field solenoid with a torus is proposed as a method to increase the field capabilities of multiple pulse magnets. The purpose of the toroidal magnet is to apply radial loads to the solenoidal magnet. Because of the relatively low value of the out-of-plane loads, the toroidal magnet needs to be only in the bucking configuration. The region inside the toroidal magnet may be filled with structure to help support the relatively low out-of-plane loads. In order to obtain the most benefit from this approach, the toroidal and the solenoidal field magnet are energized by the same current. In this paper, numerical calculations of the performance of such a magnet will be presented. Designs for the toroidal magnet will be described. Calculations of the maximum fields achievable with this configuration will be presented. >
The reactive ion etcher as a physical and failure analysis tool for FC-PGA packages

Failure analysis of integrated circuit packages often requires the selective removal of material such as solder resists, ink swap and more importantly package substrate material. Although mechanical sample preparation has been useful in some cases, it lacks the selectivity needed to precisely control the degree of removal. Reactive ion etching (RIE) has been used during the organic land grid array (OLGA) FA activities for removing package substrate. However, during the development stage of flip chip pin grid array (FCPGA) packaging, the use of RIE faced some difficulty. Further development reveals that package differences such as the addition of pins and larger form factor has caused the proliferation of the usage of RIE from OLGA to FCPGA to be slightly complicated.
Retrieval practice is an efficient method of enhancing the retention of anatomy and physiology information

Although a great deal of empirical evidence has indicated that retrieval practice is an effective means of promoting learning and memory, very few studies have investigated the strategy in the cont...
The impact of physical and psychosocial factors on work characteristics after cancer

Most previously employed cancer survivors continue to work after treatment, but the impact of cancer symptoms or psychosocial concerns on their work has seldom been assessed. We conducted a community-based survey of cancer survivors from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry to assess the changes in their work and the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics associated with work changes over the 2 years following diagnosis. Of 100 survivors, 92 returned to work, but 57% of those reduced their work by more than 4 h/week, and 56% noted a change in some aspect of their occupational role. Physical symptoms, particularly lack of energy or nausea/vomiting, and psychological symptoms, particularly feeling bored or useless or feeling depressed, were significantly associated with a reduction in work hours or a change in occupational role. Since changes in work are common and are associated with both physical and psychosocial symptoms, strategies are needed to reduce symptom burden and barriers to work and to improve work capacity for working-age cancer survivors.
Direct Determination of Energy Band Alignments of Ni/Al 2 O 3 /GaN MOS Structures Using Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy

The energy band alignments of Ni/Al2O3/GaN heterostructures have been explored by internal photoemission (IPE) and capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements. By performing IPE measurements at both reverse- and forward-bias conditions, the Ni/Al2O3 Schottky barrier is found to be 2.9 ± 0.1 eV with the presence of a strong image force lowering effect, while the Al2O3/GaN conduction-band offset is determined to be 2.2 ± 0.1 eV and is insensitive to oxide electrical field. CV-based flat-band voltage analysis has further been performed on samples with different oxide thicknesses, not only confirming the IPE-measured band alignment but also revealing the presence of 3.0 × 1012 cm-2 net positive charge at the Al2O3/GaN interface.
Select Nutrients and Their Associated Transporters Are Increased in the Ovine Uterus Following Early Progesterone Administration

The intrauterine milieu is a complex mixture of substances originating from serum and endometrium that support blastocyst growth and development. The present study identified alterations in glucose and amino acids in response to an early rise in progesterone (P4), which accelerates blastocyst growth and development. Bred ewes received daily injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or P4 from 36 h postmating (Day 0) to either Day 9 or Day 12. Another group of ewes received P4 to Day 8 and the antiprogestin mifepristone (RU486) from Day 8 to Day 12. The total amount of glucose, aspartate (acidic amino acid), arginine and lysine (basic amino acids), and citrulline, asparagine, serine, glutamine, beta-alanine, and alanine (neutral amino acids) was greater in uterine flushings from early P4- than CO-treated ewes on Day 9. On Day 12, only arginine and lysine were higher in uterine flushings from P4-treated ewes, whereas citrulline was reduced. Glucose transporters, SLC2A1 and SLC5A1, were increased in uterine luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia of early P4-treated ewes on Days 9 and 12 but were reduced in endometria from ewes treated with both P4 and RU486 (P4+RU). SLC7A2B, a transporter of basic amino acids, increased in LE/sGE of P4- versus CO-treated ewes on Day 12 but was reduced in P4+RU-treated ewes. Thus, select nutrients are increased in the uterine lumen by P4 concomitant with the upregulation of epithelial transporters for glucose and basic amino acids, suggesting that these nutrients stimulate blastocyst growth and development.
Fabrication of add-drop filters based on frequency-matched microring resonators

Frequency mismatches between resonators significantly impact the spectral responses of coupled resonator filters, such as high-order microring filters. In this paper, techniques allowing fabrication of frequency-matched high-index-contrast resonators are proposed, demonstrated, and analyzed. The main approach consists of inducing small dimensional changes in the resonators through alteration of the electron-beam dose used to expose either the actual resonator on a wafer or its image on a lithographic mask to be later used in filter fabrication. Third-order microring filters fabricated in silicon-rich silicon nitride, with optical resonator frequencies matched to better than 1 GHz, are reported. To achieve this, the average ring-waveguide widths of the microrings are matched to within less than 26 pm of a desired relative width offset. Furthermore, optimization and calibration procedures allowing strict dimensional control and smooth sidewalls are presented. A 5-nm dimensional control is demonstrated, and the standard deviation of sidewall roughness is reduced to below 1.6 nm.
CONTRASTING STYLES OF GLACIAL DISPERSAL IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: METHODS AND CASE STUDIES

A review of practical approaches to drift exploration is presented; it is intended for use by exploration geologists working in drift-covered areas. There are contrasts in style of glacial dispersal between Labrador, dominated by the affects of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and Newfoundland, affected by small, coalescing ice caps at the glacial maximum and smaller topographically controlled ice centres during deglaciation. The result has been to produce longer, ribbon-shaped dispersal trains in Labrador, except in the Labrador Trough near the centre of the Labrador sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet; in Newfoundland the glacial-dispersal patterns are more diffuse.
Centroids to centers in trees

If k is a nonnegative integer and x is a vertex of a tree T, the k-ball branch weight of x, denoted b(x;k), is the number of vertices in a largest subtree of T, all of whose vertices are a distance at least k + 1 from x. The k-ball branch weight centroid of T, denoted W(T;k), consists of all vertices x of T for which b(x;k) is a minimum. The usual branch weight centroid of T (which is also the median) is W(T;0), and the center of T is W(T;r), where r is the radius of T. In this paper, the structure of the subgraph spanned by W(T;k) is examined. Similarities and differences with Slater's k-centrum [6] and k-nucleus [7] are discussed.
A multi-method intervention to reduce no-shows in an urban residency clinic.

METHODS: A team of clinicians and staff undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify an approach to decreasing the number of no-show appointments while maintaining a commit- ment to the population and quality of care. The team implemented a three-stage process: an interview with the cohort of patients with the highest number of repeated no-show appointments, a double booking process for patients with a history of frequent missed ap- pointments, and a change in the entire schedule to a modified ad - vanced access schedule. RESULTS: A cohort of 141 patients (2% of the practice popula- tion) accounted for almost 17% of the total missed appointments. The cohort differed from the overall clinic, being largely African American women on Medicaid with a large burden of medical co- morbidities and a high prevalence of mental health issues. After the intervention, the rate of no-show appointments in the cohort fell from 33.3% to 17.7%, and the overall clinic rate fell from 10% to 7%; this decrease persisted for the 33-month observation pe- riod after the intervention and has been maintained to this date. The largest improvement in appointment keeping came after a modified advanced access schedule was implemented clinic-wide. CONCLUSIONS: Indentifying a large at-risk population for no- shows and using a multi-method approach to addressing the is- sue can show persistent improvement and could be used in other residency training and community clinic settings.
Wayfinding in Libraries: Can Problems Be Predicted?

The main library at the authors’ university campus, with its large size and multiple-level structures, is challenging for patrons to navigate. Requests for directions are among the most frequently posed questions at help desks in this library. As a first step toward improving wayfinding aids, such as maps or signs, we took a spatial science perspective of combining spatial and behavioral approaches to reveal objectively areas where wayfinding problems occur. To this end, we employed formal spatial descriptions of the environment addressing visibility, layout complexity, and connectivity. The term coined in the literature for these methods is “space syntax.” Additionally, we used a behavioral approach to investigate actual wayfinding behaviors of library patrons and compared these behaviors with the results of the space syntax analysis. The results show that a building's layout complexity and visual access potentially predicts how well patrons find their goals (books and other materials). Other aspects suc...
Radiometric CCD camera calibration and noise estimation

Changes in measured image irradiance have many physical causes and are the primary cue for several visual processes, such as edge detection and shape from shading. Using physical models for charged-coupled device (CCD) video cameras and material reflectance, we quantify the variation in digitized pixel values that is due to sensor noise and scene variation. This analysis forms the basis of algorithms for camera characterization and calibration and for scene description. Specifically, algorithms are developed for estimating the parameters of camera noise and for calibrating a camera to remove the effects of fixed pattern nonuniformity and spatial variation in dark current. While these techniques have many potential uses, we describe in particular how they can be used to estimate a measure of scene variation. This measure is independent of image irradiance and can be used to identify a surface from a single sensor band over a range of situations. Experimental results confirm that the models presented in this paper are useful for modeling the different sources of variation in real images obtained from video cameras. >
Laboratory Evaluations of Four Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Abstract The infectivity of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) [Breton strain], Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston [Weslaco strain], Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar [HP88 strain], and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David [Coimbatore strain] was examined in the laboratory against two subterranean termites: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. In petri dish tests, they were all effective against C. formosanus at ≥400 nematodes per termite. Steinernema riobrave had no detectable effect against R. flavipes even at a rate of 2,000 nematodes per termite. The virulence of the nematodes for R. flavipes was H. indica > H. bacteriophora > S. carpocapsae > S. riobrave. The virulence of the nematodes for C. formosanus was H. indica and H. bacteriophora > S. carpocapsae and S. riobrave at α = 0.10 level. The LD50 of H. indica against R. flavipes in petri dishes and in containers with vermiculite/sand medium were ...
The ophthalmologist's role in multidisciplinary assessment of developmentally handicapped children.

SUMMARY Among 200 children who had received routine ophthalmic and orthoptic examinations as part of their evaluation by a multidisciplinary assessment team, it was found that there was a high incidence of ocular defects. These defects included refractive errors (98 children), squint (74 children), nystagmus (15 children), cataract, retinopathy and optic atrophy. This high incidence of ocular defects emphasized the need for the routine ophthalmic examination of developmentally handicapped children in order to detect and treat ocular conditions which might otherwise have gone undetected, and enabled the visual sense of these children to be evaluated in relationship to their general development.
Enron: The Good, The Bad, The Lessons

The recent bankruptcy of Enron provides many opportunities for learning in all business disciplines. Beyond the obvious questions, such as “How could a company as large as Enron fail?” and “Why didn‟t Arthur Andersen provide adequate assurance?” lies a host of additional equally interesting questions. Why didn‟t external financial analysts detect problems earlier? Could the SEC and other regulators have done more to bring problems to light? Why was Sherron Watkins a lone voice in asking for an explanation? Beyond the immediate Enron debacle lies additional questions. How can we detect other companies in similar difficulty? What changes can we expect in accounting and auditing standards? What changes have occurred or can we expect in the oversight of businesses and auditors? This paper will provide a timeline of Enron developments, an analysis of the above questions, and additional discussion questions and teaching resources to foster critical thinking in the classroom.
Clinical Assessment of the Trauma Patient

Facial injuries result from physical trauma to the face and can manifest themselves with various symptoms such as lacerations, ecchymosis, epistaxis, and eye injuries and fractures of the facial bones. These injuries require prompt evaluation and treatment in order to reduce morbidity, minimize disfigurement and loss of function, as well as prevent potential mortality resulting from bleeding and airway interference. It is important to systematically evaluate the patient with facial trauma and establish an accurate and detailed diagnosis before proceeding to definitive care. One should adhere to general trauma management principles and perform a primary and secondary survey to identify potential difficulties with airway, breathing, circulation, neurological function, and any concomitant injuries, as 50–70 % of patients with facial trauma will also have concomitant injuries to other organ systems. Cervical spine injuries can be seen in 4–10 % of patients with a facial fracture, while up to 20 % of patients with a cervical spine injury may have associated facial fractures. Nearly 18–45 % of patients with a facial fracture may have an associated closed head injury. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles should guide the initial assessment of the facial trauma patient, and once life-threatening injuries have been ruled out or stabilized, a thorough and comprehensive physical examination should ensue to identify maxillofacial injuries. Appropriate radiographic examinations should follow extensive clinical evaluation to confirm suspected injury, delineate the extent of trauma, and guide definitive treatment.
Students’ Views About Potentially Offering Physics Courses Online

Nationally, many public universities have started to move into the online course and program market that is most often associated with for-profit institutions of higher education. Administrators in public universities make statements regarding benefits to students’ desire for flexibility and profit margins related to online courses. But do students attending a large public university want to take courses online especially science courses perceived to be difficult such as freshmen-level physics courses? This study took place at a large, public, Midwestern university and involved students enrolled in the first semester of a face-to-face, flipped physics course for engineering technology majors. Statements were collected from comments about online courses made by the university’s administration and students in the course. Twenty students sorted 45 statements. Two student views emerged with one rejecting online courses in general and the other primarily rejecting online math, science, and technology courses, including physics. Students’ descriptions of their previous online course experiences were used to inform the analyses and to assist in describing the two views that emerged in conjunction with the distinguishing statements. Consensus among the two views is also discussed. Overall, the results indicate a potential divergence between student views and what university administrators believe students want.
CW Nd:YAG Laser Deposition of CdS Thin Films

There are two phases of CdS, wurtzite (hexagonal) and zincblende (cubic). To the best of our knowledge there is no report on the growth of large single crystal cubic CdS. Although there have been reports on the vapor deposition of cubic dominated CdS thin films, physical measurements were limited. Substrate material has been considered as the primary factor in attaining the cubic dominated CdS thin films. We report new results on CW Nd:YAG laser deposition of CdS thin films at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the films deposited at 200°C have a dominant cubic phase, those at 400°C being hexagonal. Optical transmission measurements reveal room temperature absorption edges of 515nm and 500nm for films deposited at 200°C and 400°C, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy further reveals differences in crystal structure of the two films. Raman spectra of the cubic film is similar to that of the hexagonal film.
The continuous spectrum of the relative trace formula for GL(3) over a quadratic extension

LetE/F be a quadratic extension of number fields,G the group GL(3,E) regarded as an algebraic group overF andU a quasi-split unitary group in three variables. Let alsoϑ be a generic character of a maximal unipotent subgroupN ofG. We derive an explicit expression for the integral $$\int {\int {K_{cont} (u, n)du\theta (n)dn} } $$ whereK cont is the continuous part of the kernel attached to a smooth function of compact support onG(A). In particular, we prove that this expression is absolutely convergent. The result can be used to show that a cuspidal representation ofG contains a vectorφ such thateφ(u)du≠0 if and only if it is a base change from a representation of GL(3,F).
Automation system and its development for hot strip mill

Our country steel industry has made great progress, and the technology, product structure, equipment application and economic and technology management are gradually moving closer to the international advanced level. The hot strip with high technology, high value-added is the primary task of the industrial production. In this article, the development of strip production at home and abroad were introduced, and the advanced control techniques were detailed discussed, also some suggestions were given to the hot strip steel production in the future.
Research on Immune-Smith Controller in Large Time Delay System

The immune controller is an intelligent controller which drawing on the immune mechanism of biological system. It has characteristics of short adjustment time,strong anti-interference ability. Immune suppression links of the immune algorithm is equivalent to the feedback link of the proportional integral derivative controller. Immune suppression of the immune controller related to output of the controller and unaffected by system measurements. So it can overcome the time delay. Immune controller and the Smith predictor are combined and design a new kind of controller. It enables the controller to overcome the time delay and lower using Smith controller of reliance on the accuracy of the system model. Simulation results show that the Immune-Smith controller,the performance of matches and mismatch in the model under all circumstances,superior to other controllers.
An exploration of the relationship among valence, fading affect, rehearsal frequency, and memory vividness for past personal events.

The affect associated with negative (or unpleasant) memories typically tends to fade faster than the affect associated with positive (or pleasant) memories, a phenomenon called the fading affect bias (FAB). We conducted a study to explore the mechanisms related to the FAB. A retrospective recall procedure was used to obtain three self-report measures (memory vividness, rehearsal frequency, affective fading) for both positive events and negative events. Affect for positive events faded less than affect for negative events, and positive events were recalled more vividly than negative events. The perceived vividness of an event (memory vividness) and the extent to which an event has been rehearsed (rehearsal frequency) were explored as possible mediators of the relation between event valence and affect fading. Additional models conceived of affect fading and rehearsal frequency as contributors to a memory’s vividness. Results suggested that memory vividness was a plausible mediator of the relation between an event’s valence and affect fading. Rehearsal frequency was also a plausible mediator of this relation, but only via its effects on memory vividness. Additional modelling results suggested that affect fading and rehearsal frequency were both plausible mediators of the relation between an event’s valence and the event’s rated memory vividness.
Is It Possible to Become a Permanently Happier Person?: An Overview of the Issues and the Book

Subjective well-being—a construct that is known more colloquially as “happiness”—is a characteristic that reflects a person’s subjective evaluation of his or her life as a whole. Although the construct is based on a person’s own perspective, it is thought to reflect something about the actual conditions of people’s lives. These conditions include both external conditions such as income and social relationships, as well as internal conditions such as goals, outlook on life, and other psychological resources. Moreover, people who evaluate their lives negatively would likely be motivated to improve the conditions of their lives, and those who evaluate their lives positively would be motivated to maintain or further improve these conditions. Thus, happiness and related constructs are thought to signal how well a person’s life is going, which should mean that as a person’s life improves, so should the happiness that that person reports.
Food Insecurity and Related Problems Among Homeless and Runaway Youth

This chapter focuses on street youth’s survival strategies associated with obtaining food while on the streets and the problems associated with food insecurity. In this chapter, the prevalence of food insecurity, the social meanings associated with food insecurity, the street youth’s hoarding behaviors, dietary intake patterns, use of food sources, food-obtaining strategies, types of accommodations, the amount of time since leaving home, social network characteristics, history of abuse and neglect, and related behaviors are presented. This chapter discusses the street youth’s obstacles in obtaining food such as poor health, limited food availability, and lack of clean environments. In this chapter, other factors that may increase food insecurity such as demographic characteristics, history of caretaker abuse and neglect, human trafficking, unstable housing, alcohol and other drug use and abuse, pregnancy, and lack of social networks and social support are analyzed.
Gender Conformity, Self-Objectification, and Body Image for Sorority and Nonsorority Women: A Closer Look.

Sororities have been identified as placing young women at risk for body image concerns due to a focus on traditional gender role norms and objectification of women. Objective: This study assessed t...
Developmental Changes in Pain and Spinal Immune Gene Expression after Radicular Trauma in the Rat.

Neuropathic pain is an example of chronic pain that develops after nerve injury and is less frequent in infants and children than in adults. Likewise, in animal models of neuropathic pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia are non-existent or attenuated in the infant, with a “switch” during development by which acute nerve injury transitions to chronic pain. Concomitant with the delay in neuropathic pain, there is a parallel delay in the ability of nerve injury to activate the immune system. Models of neuropathic pain in the infant have used various ligation methods and find that neuropathic pain does not occur under after postnatal day 21-28 (PN21-PN28), linked to activation of immune processes and developmental regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We applied a model of neuropathic pain in the adult using a transient compression of the cervical nerve or nerve root in infant rats (injured at 10, 14, 21 or 28 days of age) to define transition periods during which injury results in no change in thermal and mechanical pain sensitivity or in short term changes in pain. There was little to no hyperalgesia when the injury was imposed at PN10, but significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia one day after compression injury when performed at PN14, 21 or 28. Thermal withdrawal latencies return to near baseline by 7 days post-surgery (PS7) when the injuries were at PN14, and lasted up to 14 days when imposed at PN28. There was mechanical allodynia following nerve injury at 7 or 14 days after injury at PN14. Measurements of mRNA from spinal cord at 1, 7 and 14 days post-injury at PN14, 21, and 28 showed that both the magnitude and duration of elevated immune markers and chemokines/cytokines were greater in the older animals, corresponding to the development of hyperalgesia. Thus we confirm the late onset of neuropathic pain but found no evidence of emergent hyperalgesia if the injury was before PN21/28. This may be due to the use of a transient, and not sustained, compression compared to that of ligation models.
Evaluation of the accuracy of thermal dissociation CRDS and LIF techniques for atmospheric measurement of reactive nitrogen species

Abstract. The sum of all reactive nitrogen species (NOy) includes NOx (NO2 + NO) and all of its oxidized forms, and the accurate detection of NOy is critical to understanding atmospheric nitrogen chemistry. Thermal dissociation (TD) inlets, which convert NOy to NO2 followed by NO2 detection, are frequently used in conjunction with techniques such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to measure total NOy when set at > 600 °C or speciated NOy when set at intermediate temperatures. We report the conversion efficiency of known amounts of several representative NOy species to NO2 in our TD-CRDS instrument, under a variety of experimental conditions. We find that the conversion efficiency of HNO3 is highly sensitive to the flow rate and the residence time through the TD inlet as well as the presence of other species that may be present during ambient sampling, such as ozone (O3). Conversion of HNO3 at 400 °C, nominally the set point used to selectively convert organic nitrates, can range from 2 to 6 % and may represent an interference in measurement of organic nitrates under some conditions. The conversion efficiency is strongly dependent on the operating characteristics of individual quartz ovens and should be well calibrated prior to use in field sampling. We demonstrate quantitative conversion of both gas-phase N2O5 and particulate ammonium nitrate in the TD inlet at 650 °C, which is the temperature normally used for conversion of HNO3. N2O5 has two thermal dissociation steps, one at low temperature representing dissociation to NO2 and NO3 and one at high temperature representing dissociation of NO3, which produces exclusively NO2 and not NO. We also find a significant interference from partial conversion (5–10 %) of NH3 to NO at 650 °C in the presence of representative (50 ppbv) levels of O3 in dry zero air. Although this interference appears to be suppressed when sampling ambient air, we nevertheless recommend regular characterization of this interference using standard additions of NH3 to TD instruments that convert reactive nitrogen to NO or NO2.
TRANSITIVITY IN THE PROCESSING OF INTRANSITIVE CLAUSES: A Category-Based Prediction in Low-Intermediate Learners of English

We document weak garden paths after intransitive verbs, modulated by intransitivity type, in the treatment of DP1 Vintransitive DP2 V2 sequences as in As the journalist arrived the editor postponed the meeting in first language (L1) and second language (L2) sentence processing. In a noncumulative moving-window experiment, 25 English native speakers and 22 low-intermediate Korean learners of English with no naturalistic exposure read critical items in which a subordinate clause was either headed by an intransitive verb (unaccusative vs. unergative) or by a copular predicate. A linear mixed model revealed greater processing loads evidenced in longer reading times on V2 after intransitive verbs than after copular predicates. This finding echoes post hoc observations in Juffs (2004). These asymmetries were driven by significantly greater loads after unaccusative verbs than after copular predicates and unergative verbs. These asymmetries, found in both L1 and L2, are unexpected on the basis of valence information only, as one-place predicates should rule out a second argument. However, we argue that they receive an explanation if parsing involves the interaction of lexically encoded intransitivity information with a transitivity prediction.
Abstract 1623: Minute variation in murine ovarian cancer preclinical models significantly impact immunotherapy results obtained for clinical trial

Cancer immunotherapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, have emerged as highly promising approaches for treatment of a variety of solid tumors, including recurrent ovarian cancer. While dramatic clinical benefit is observed in a subset of patients with ovarian cancer, the majority of ovarian cancer patients do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors, thus combinatorial treatments are sorely needed. Immune competent pre-clinical animal models are crucial to test emerging treatment strategies and for the identification of biomarkers to predict response to therapy. As results from immune competent preclinical models are often translated into clinical trials, we sought to investigate whether slight variability related to animal housing and/or breeding practices in the same strain could impact experimental outcomes related to immunotherapy. We conducted animal studies using C57BL/6J mice purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Cat# 000664) 2 weeks prior to experimental use (Jax) and using the same mouse strain purchased from Jackson Laboratories but bred within our institution for a period of 6 months prior to use (Jax-R). Using the gold standard ID8 murine metastatic intraperitoneal ovarian cancer model we tested the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy in both Jax and Jax-R animals. Aged-matched female mice were housed under the same conditions for 2 weeks prior to tumor inoculation and for the duration of study. Strikingly, we noted that while anti-PD-1 monotherapy had absolutely no effect on tumor growth or survival of Jax mice, the Jax-R animals showed dramatic tumor growth control and significantly improved long term survival. Tumor progression and survival was similar across sub-strains in untreated control animals, suggesting that the observed differences in treatment outcome following anti-PD-1 treatment were not simply due to intrinsic differences between the animals. Response to treatment was also associated with increased frequencies of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Jax-R mice compared with the Jax animals. Although major variations in age, animal strain and gut microbiome can dramatically impact upon the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, our findings demonstrate that even minute changes within sub-strains recently derived from the same founder animals could result in significantly different survival and pre-clinical outcome. Thus, immunotherapy results obtained from immune competent animal studies need to be interpreted with caution when designing future immunotherapy trials. Citation Format: AJ Robert Mcgray, Kristen Starbuck, Samar Masoumi-Moghaddam, Ariel Francois, Kunle Odunsi, Emese Zsiros. Minute variation in murine ovarian cancer preclinical models significantly impact immunotherapy results obtained for clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1623. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1623
Cardano, Casus Irreducibilis, and Finite Fields

SummaryFor centuries, mathematicians were puzzled by the fact that Cardano's formula requires an excursion into the complex numbers to express in radicals the roots of an irreducible cubic polynomial with rational coefficients having only real roots. In this paper, we consider an analogous case for irreducible cubics over finite fields. In this simpler setting, we explore whether the roots of an irreducible cubic polynomial are expressible in terms of irreducible radicals present in its splitting field. The key theorem gives a simple divisibility condition that answers this question completely. Thus there is a situation that mirrors the historic “casus irreducibilis,” in that both cases require the presence of elements not in the splitting field in order to express the roots of an irreducible cubic in terms of irreducible radicals.
When Age-Based Guidance Is Not Enough: The Problem of Early Puberty.

In this issue of Pediatrics , Mendle et al1 examine the longitudinal connections between menarchal age and depression symptoms and antisocial behavior. The study was done by using data from Add Health, a well-known, nationally representative data set that reported on various health behaviors and outcomes from adolescence to adulthood (final age was late 20s or early 30s). The researchers found that the earlier the participants experienced menarche, the more likely they were to have depression symptoms and antisocial behavior in adolescence. In addition, these outcomes persisted into adulthood, 13 years later. A large body of literature has described the link between early puberty and behavioral concerns, and this study extends that evidence into adult behavioral outcomes. Several biologic mechanisms may contribute to early puberty’s relationship with depressive symptoms. In women, estradiol may modulate the production of serotonin receptors; this potentially influences mood … Address correspondence to Ellen Selkie, MD, MPH, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 300 N Ingalls St, Room 6E07, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. E-mail: eselkie{at}umich.edu