cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patient Education Handouts Available on the Internet: A Systematic Analysis of Content and Design

Abstract Objective To evaluate the quality of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patient education handouts and identify the best resources for patients and clinicians. Design A document content analysis of handouts identified through a systematic internet search using 8 search terms on Google and Bing and a hand search of professional association websites. Setting Not applicable. Participants Documents (N=56) were identified from the top 50 search results across 16 individual searches. Included documents provided general patient education for CTS; descriptive websites, videos, and research studies were excluded. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Content analysis was conducted using the Information Score (IS) tool to evaluate completeness of information (0%-100%) and misleading treatment recommendations were identified. Design analysis was conducted using the Patient Material Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P) (0%-100%) and 2 widely used readability formulas, Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch Kincaid Grade Level. Using these results, all handouts were rated with a summative 12-point scale. Results Of 805 unique search results, we included 56 CTS handouts. The average IS was 74.6%±17.9%, and 78.6% of the handouts mentioned non–evidence-based treatment recommendations. The average PEMAT-P score was 70.2%±10.9%, and the average readability grade level was 7.7±1.7. Only 3 handouts were identified as high quality based on the 12-point summative scores, 22 handouts had mixed quality, and 17 handouts had low quality on both content and design. Conclusions Findings of this study suggest a lack of high-quality and easily understandable CTS patient education handouts. Most handouts contained unreliable treatment information. Improvements are needed to ensure patients’ ability to understand and manage this condition.
Sleep Medicine and Competency Training

Sleep Medicine requires multidisciplinary training. Its future will depend on a sustained effort in adding value at all levels through postgraduate training and continuing education. To establish value of and outcomes for clinical Sleep Medicine, fellowship programs are requested by the ACGME to rapidly develop educational sophistication to formatively assess competency for sleep trainees.
Robust and Efficient Genetic Algorithms with Hierarchical Niching and a Sustainable Evolutionary Computation Model

This paper proposes a new niching method named hierarchical niching, which combines spatial niching in search space and a continuous temporal niching concept. The method is naturally implemented as a new genetic algorithm, QHFC, under a sustainable evolutionary computation model: the Hierarchical Fair Competition (HFC) Model. By combining the benefits of the temporally continuing search capability of HFC and this spatial niching capability, QHFC is able to achieve much better performance than deterministic crowding and restricted tournament selection in terms of robustness, efficiency, and scalability, simultaneously, as demonstrated using three massively multi-modal benchmark problems. HFC-based genetic algorithms with hierarchical niching seem to be very promising for solving difficult real-world problems.
Visualizing the program execution control flow of OpenMP applications

One important aspect of understanding the behavior of anapplication with respect to its performance, overhead, and scalabilitycharacteristics is knowledge of its control flow. In comparison to sequentialapplications the situation is more complicated in multithreaded parallelprograms because each thread defines its own independent controlflow. On the other hand, for the most common usage models of OpenMPthe threads operate in a largely uniform way, synchronizing frequentlyat sequence points and diverging only to operate on different data itemsin worksharing constructs. This paper presents an approach to capture and visualize the controlflow of OpenMP applications in a compact way that does not require afull trace of program execution events but is instead based on a straightforwardextension to the data collected by an existing profiling tool.
A review of: ‘The Routledge handbook of tourism geographies’

The geographic embrace of tourismRecent progress reports on tourism geographies by Butler (2004) and Gibson (2008, 2009, 2010) mark the ‘geographical’ as a distinct neighbourhood of inquiry and tou...
Automata-Theoretic techniques for analyzing infinite-state systems

Automata theory tries to answer questions concerning machine models and the languages they define. Classical questions like the relationships between finite/pushdown automata and regular/context-free languages, their closure and decidable properties are standard material in many undergraduate theory courses. New questions that arise from real-world applications, such as in verification, internet/web services, and molecular computing are providing interesting and challenging problems to automata theorists. In this talk, I will present some automata-theoretic and related techniques for analyzing various forms of restricted infinite-state systems in the areas of formal verification, e-services, and membrane systems.
Dynamic Relaxation Applied to the Quasi-Static, Large Deformation, Inelastic Response of Axisymmetric Solids

The use of dynamic relaxation as a solution strategy for the quasi-static, large deformation, inelastic response of solids is examined. The underlying mechanics, the constitutive theories of interest, the incremental form of the equations, the spatial discretization, and the implementation of dynamic relaxation for path and/or time dependent material response are each discussed. The mechanics are carried out in the current configuration of the body described by a fixed spatial coordinate system and using the Cauchy stress. Finite strain constitutive theories for elastic, elastoplastic, and creep behavior are introduced. An incremental form of the problem allowing a sequence of equilibrium solutions to be found is presented. A constant bulk strain, bilinear displacement isoparametric quadrilateral finite element is employed for the spatial discretization. The solution strategy used to generate the sequence of equilibrium solutions is dynamic relaxation which in the form adopted is based on explicit central difference pseudo-time integration and artificial damping. It is used to find the next solution as a result of an increment in time and/or load. Each solution must satisfy equilibrium to within a prescribed tolerance before proceeding to the next increment. Several example calculations are presented.
Diagnostic Yield Of Pediatric EMG In Myopathic Disorders (P4.322)

Background: Electromyography (EMG) interpretation of myopathic disorders is technically challenging in children, particularly smaller children. In this study we compared EMG to the muscle biopsy which is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of myopathy. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients <18 years, who underwent EMG at the electrophysiology laboratory of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN over 5 years (2009-2013). EMG was performed under conscious sedation in most of the children. Nerve conduction studies were performed in at least 2 nerves (one motor and sensory) and EMG performed in at least 2 muscles in ipsilateral upper and lower limb. 224 patients with the following the referral diagnoses (myopathy, muscle weakness, neuromuscular disorders, myositis, myalgia, myoglobinuria, myasthenia, myotonia, cramps, periodic paralysis, hypotonia, and developmental delay) were reviewed for myopathic EMG. We included children who had an EMG and a muscle biopsy performed for further analysis. Muscle biopsies were evaluated at our muscle laboratory. Myopathic EMG was defined as short duration, low amplitude motor unit potentials with rapid recruitment. Myopathic biopsy was defined as increased internal nuclei, fiber size variation, necrotic or regenerating fibers, or structural changes within the muscle fibers. Results: 75 cases were included, age range (4 months to <18 years). The following observations were made: EMG myopathic and muscle biopsy confirmed myopathy - 33, EMG myopathic and muscle biopsy normal -7; EMG normal and muscle biopsy myopathic - 4 (all had metabolic myopathy) and lastly EMG and biopsy both normal - 31. Fibrillation potentials were mainly identified in cases of inflammatory myopathy. Myotonic discharges were noted in a case of congenital myopathy with fiber type disproportion. Conclusions: Pediatric EMG is 89% sensitive (33/37) and 82% specific (31/38)when performed in a controlled environment under conscious sedation for detecting myopathic disorders. EMG can be normal in metabolic myopathies and further work-up should be considered if the clinical suspicion is strong. Disclosure: Dr. Ghosh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sorenson has nothing to disclose.
Recent advances in Drosophila genomics

A report on the 45th annual Drosophila Research Conference, Washington DC, USA, 23-28 March 2004.
Deformed binding fields. (I). The effect of tensor forces

Abstract A variational method similar to that of Peierls and Yoccoz is applied to simple two-body problems involving tensor forces. The trial function is taken to be a linear combination of Hill-Wheeler integrals, representing the possible rotational bands which are consistent with the absolute quantum numbers. We find that this approach closely reproduces the result of third-order perturbation theory.
Acute sensitization by NGF of the response of small-diameter sensory neurons to capsaicin.

We investigated acute sensitization by nerve growth factor (NGF) of the response of small-diameter (<30 μm) dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells to brief repeated puffs of capsaicin as a mo...
Transfer Learning and Representation Discovery in Intelligent Tutoring Systems

We describe a novel framework developed for transfer learning within reinforcement learning (RL) problems. Then we exhibit how this framework can be extended to intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). We compose an algorithm that automatically constructs a graphical representation based on the transfer framework. We evaluate this on a real-world ITS example and show that the model constructed by our approach performs better than previously published results. We propose that transfer learning is a useful and related area to explore for furthering intelligent tutoring systems.
Glycoconjugates in normal wound tissue matrices during the initiation phase of limb regeneration in adult Ambystoma

The present study identifies, localizes, and reports the relative composition of specific glycosaminoglycans within tissue matrices during the initiation phase of limb regeneration. The regenerate tissues were harvested and assayed morphologically, histochemically, and chemically. We observed 1) a population of cells interspersed among the cells of the dermis, epimysium, perimysium, perichondrium, and periosteum. 2) This population was distinguishable by a unique pattern of glycoconjugate staining, i.e., intracellular and pericellular heparan sulfate and glycoproteins and extracellularly associated hyaluronate and glycoproteins. 3) Cells with these staining characteristics aggregated to a position directly beneath the apical epidermal cap. 4) Extracellular hyaluronate and glycoproteins colocalized with undifferentiated tissues. And 5) extracellular chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans colocalized with differentiated tissues. The correlations of distinct glycoconjugate compositions with specific regeneration morphologies suggest the possibility that these components may be related to the phenotypic expression of tissues during regeneration.
Level up: a frame work for the design and evaluation of educational games

Games have the potential to transform the educational system in the United States. However, the study of games has lacked a coherent research paradigm. In order for games to research their full positional, there is a need to have a scientific way to evaluate the effectiveness of games and interactive environments for learning. In this paper, we discuss current research into the empirical evaluation of games; we use methods from the Intelligent Tutoring System literature to evaluate an educational computer science game. We do this by mapping empirical learning curves on student game-log data. We believe the results of this type of analysis can help evaluate and improve educational video game research.
Recent status on high temperature superconducting Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+x wire development at NYSIS: 1-90 meter length J c s and 3 meter diameter ring furnace design

The status of long length, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) wire development at the New York State Institute on Superconductivity (NYSIS) is reviewed and updated. Transport Jcs (4.2K, 0 T) of Bi-2212/Ag oxide powder-in-tube singlefilamentary tapes have reached 70,000-80,000, 50,000-60,000, and 30,000–40,000 A/cm2 for 1, 4–15, and 40–90 meter length tapes, respectively. The decrease in Jc as the tape length was increased from 15 to 90 meters was attributed to the (measured) sensitivity of Jc to temperature nonuniformities (±3‡C) in the box-type furnace used for annealing. To reduce this problem, a ringtype high-temperature furnace (∼3 meter diameter) was designed and constructed which provides a large-volume (∼13w × 10h × 10001 cm) processing zone with expected excellent temperature uniformity (±0.5‡C). The advantages of the ring-type furnace for processing of kilometer-length conductors are described.
Nonclassical states of motion in a three-dimensional ion trap by adiabatic passage.

A scheme for the preparation of nonclassical states of motion in a three-dimensional harmonic ion trap is proposed. The technique is based on adiabatic passage along dressed energy levels of the strongly coupled ion-trap system by varying the laser frequency.
Cystic medial necrosis of the aorta in patients without Marfan's syndrome: surgical outcome and long-term follow-up

A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the surgical outcome and long-term follow-up of patients with documented cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. Ninety-three patients were diagnosed as having cystic medial necrosis at the Cleveland Clinic between July 1963 and December 1987 (72% men aged 26 to 77 years, mean 55). Patients who met the standard diagnostic criteria for Marfan's syndrome were deliberately excluded. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had a diastolic murmur and chest roentgenogram revealed a dilated aortic arch in 58% and cardiomegaly in 63%. Cardiac catheterization in 76 patients demonstrated aortic root dilation in 78%, aortic regurgitation in 72%, aortic dissection in 32% and coronary artery disease in 32%. Ninety patients underwent surgery including composite graft repair with reimplantation of the coronary arteries in 34%. Follow-up, obtained on 90 (97%) of the 93 patients, ranged in duration from 0 to 137 months (mean 29). Thirty-four of the 90 patients died (age range 30 to 75 years, mean 60). Ninety-four percent of the known causes of death were related to the cardiovascular system; 65% were the result of aortic dissection or rupture or sudden death. Ninety-six percent of survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. Overall estimated survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 72.2%, 63.5% and 57.4%, respectively. Actuarial survival in patients who underwent composite graft reconstruction was 84% at 5 years. The presence of a diastolic murmur at initial presentation was associated with a poor prognosis (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase: A Key Player in the Regulation of Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Mammalian Systems

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a critical enzyme involved in the last committed step of triglyceride synthesis. DGAT has two known isoforms that are expressed in various tissues being crucial to energy homeostasis in mammals. DGAT inhibits the accumulation of diacylglycerol, a lipid thought to promote insulin resistance, by incorporating them into triglyceride. However, both deletion and overexpression studies targeting DGAT have resulted in decreased diacylglycerol content and caused increased insulin sensitivity. Studies analyzing obese models though have noticed a positive correlation between DGAT and obesity. Thus, it remains elucidated whether DGAT plays a causal role in the development of diet-related diseases or provides protection by preventing accumulation of diacylglycerol. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of DGAT, state factors that may influence its expression, explain the potential consequences of DGAT overexpression or deficiency, and discuss its relative importance to glucose metabolism and energy storage.
The Anopheles Genome and Comparative Insect Genomics

The Anopheles gambiae genome sequence, coupled with the Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence, provides a better understanding of the insects, a group that contains our friends, foes, and competitors.
Davenport's Economics and the Present Problems of Theory

I. Davenport's Economics is in the direct line of succession of the classical treatises on economics, 417. — II. The book essentially classical in scope and method, 419. — III. The chief departure from classical method in the greater significance ascribed to the entrepreneur, 422. — IV. Competing concepts of marginality: contradictions in Davenport's usage, 424. — V. Inadequacy of the concept of value as a mathematical ratio for the analysis of the problems of price and value of money, 430. — VI. Production identified with acquisition, 437. — Bearing of this amalgamation of concepts upon the problems of functional and personal distribution, 438. — VII. Social implications of Davenport's system of economic theory, 443.
Effect of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria on benthic fluxes of inorganic nutrients and gases

The effect of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) on the exchange of dissolved nutrients (silicate, phosphate, ammonium, nitrate+nitrite) and gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide) across the sediment-water interface was examined in 1983 and 1984 using experimental mesocosms (13 m3), designed to simulate a shallow coastal ecosystem, that allow for reciprocal biogeochemical interactions between water column (5 m) and bottom sediments (∼30 cm deep). Benthic, fluxes, measured during a spring-summer warming period, were compared for mesocosms maintained either with added M. mercenaria (16 per m2, treatment) or without M. mercenaria (control) as a component of the benthic community. Fluxes were within the range observed for the (control) community in situ in mid-Narragansett Bay and exhibited the pattern of increasing flux with increasing temperature observed in nature. For dissolved inorganic (DIN=ammonia+nitrate+nitrite), analytical problems allowed comparison of fluxes only at the higher temperatures (∼17° to 22°C); average DIN fluxes were 57% higher in mesocosms with clams. Fluxes of other nutrients and gases were modelled as exponential functions of temperature (∼9° to 22°C) using a linear regression of the natural logarithm of flux upon temperature in both treatment and control situations. Differences between regression slopes and intercepts for conditions with and without clams were assessed by analysis of covariance. Slopes of the linearized temperature-flux relationships were not significantly different between treatments for any flux measured, suggesting that presence of the clams did not alter the basic relationship of flux and temperature normally observed with this community. For oxygen consumption and silicate production, the regression intercepts were significantly higher in the clam treatment, suggesting that the level of flux was generally elevated in the presence of M. mercenaria by about 20% (oxygen) and 86% (silicate) at any given temperature. Data for carbon dioxide and phosphate showed similar trends to oxygen and silicate, but the variance in fluxes was larger and regression intercepts for the two treatments were not significantly different.
Coalescence and agglomeration of gold films

Abstract Resistance measurements and electron microscopy were the primary techniques used to study the effect of adsorbate gases on the nucleation and growth characteristics of gold thin films on glass surfaces. Selective adsorption of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen on the glass substrates after glow discharge cleaning was found to influence the island structure and coalescence of discontinuous gold films. Oxygen reduced the agglomeration tendencies of the films allowing deposition of electrically continuous films which were much thinner than those films deposited in the presence of hydrogen or nitrogen.
Melt Inclusions in Basaltic and Related Volcanic Rocks

Melt inclusions are small parcels of melt trapped in crystals within magmatic systems, and are analogous to fluid inclusions formed by trapping of hydrothermal and other fluids during mineral growth in fluid-mineral systems (Sorby 1858; Roedder 1979, 1984). After trapping, melt inclusions are potentially isolated from external melt and thus provide a way to investigate melts trapped during magmatic evolution—driven by processes such as crystal-liquid separation, vapor saturation and degassing, magma mixing and assimilation—which can dramatically alter the compositions of the eventual erupted (or intruded) magmatic end products. Melt inclusions are a powerful tool for the study of basaltic magma systems and their mantle source regions, and are widely used to study the origin and evolution of mantle-derived magmas. Melt inclusions have specific uses in the study of volatile elements (see chapters by Metrich and Wallace 2008, Moore 2008, and Blundy and Cashman 2008), but also provide unique information about the range of melt compositions present within basaltic magmatic systems, and how these reflect mantle sources and the processes that occur during melt generation, evolution, transport and eruption. This review outlines techniques used to obtain chemical and other information from melt inclusions, discusses the processes which lead to melt inclusion trapping in phenocryst minerals, examines the possible means by which melt inclusion compositions might be fractionated during trapping or during subsequent re-equilibration with the host mineral or external melt, and discusses some implications of melt inclusion compositions for the nature of basaltic melt generation and transport systems. This review is largely restricted in scope to studies of volcanic rocks of basaltic and related composition. This refers to rocks erupted as lavas or tephra with broadly basaltic compositions: SiO2 ~45–52 wt%, relatively high MgO and FeO, and typically containing one or more of the following minerals …
Positive youth, healthy adults: does positive well-being in adolescence predict better perceived health and fewer risky health behaviors in young adulthood?

Abstract Purpose To examine the prospective, longitudinal associations between positive well-being during adolescence and health outcomes in young adulthood, using a large, nationally representative sample of youth. Methods On the basis of the data from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examined positive well-being during adolescence (averaged across Waves I–II) as a predictor of perceived young adult general health and risky health behaviors (Wave III). Each model included a full set of health and demographic baseline covariates. Missing values were assigned using multiple imputation methods (n = 10,147). Results Positive well-being during adolescence was significantly associated with reporting better perceived general health during young adulthood, independent of depressive symptoms. Positive well-being was also significantly associated with fewer risky health behaviors in Wave III, after adding all covariates, including depressive symptoms and baseline risky health behaviors. Conclusion Few studies of adolescent health have examined positive psychological characteristics, tending to focus instead on the effect of negative mood states and cognitions on health. This study demonstrates that positive well-being during adolescence predicts better perceived general health and fewer risky health behaviors during young adulthood. Aligned with the goals of the positive youth development perspective, promoting and nurturing positive well-being during the transition from childhood to adolescence may present a promising way to improve long-term health.
Evaluation of sometribove in a prolonged-release system in lactating dairy cows--production responses.

Abstract Primiparous (n = 105) and multiparous (n = 136) Holstein cows were used to evaluate efficacy of sometribove (n-methionyl bovine somatotropin, bST) in a dose titration study. Cows were fed TMR for ad libitum intake, were milked twice daily, and were allocated randomly within parity (1 vs. 2+) to treatments of 0, 250, 500, or 750mg bST/14 d in a prolonged-release formulation. Subcutaneous injections commenced 60±3 d postpartum and continued throughout lactation. During a standardized treatment period of 252 d, treatment with increasing dosages of bST increased 3.5% FCM yield in a dose-dependent manner for both primiparous (2.5 kg/d, 10.2%; 3.5 kg/d, 14.3%; and 5.9 kg/d, 24.1%) and multiparous cows (3.1 kg/d, 12.1%; 3.9 kg/d, 15.2%; and 6.8 kg/d, 26.5%). Milk content of fat, protein, lactose, ash, Ca and P, and SCC were not affected by treatment. Over the 252-d treatment period, voluntary intake of energy was increased in bST-treated cows such that BW gain, body condition score, and net energy balance did not differ among treatment groups. Productive efficiency (milk per unit NE L intake corrected for BW change) over the treatment period was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner for multiparous cows (4.1, 6.8, and 11.0%). Results demonstrated that bST administered in a prolonged-release formulation was efficacious in enhancing milk production and feed efficiency.
Processed lipoaspirate cells for tissue engineering of the lower urinary tract : Implications for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and bladder reconstruction

ABSTRACT Purpose: We performed a pilot study to investigate the ability of human adipose derived, multipotent stem cells to be delivered to and survive within bladder and urethral smooth muscle. Materials and Methods: Lipoaspirate was acquired from female patients undergoing liposuction. The lipoaspirate was processed to yield a pluripotent population of processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells. For tissue delivery PLA cells were fluorescent labeled and suspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri). To assess PLA viability in multiple animal models 8 Rnu athymic rats (Charles River, Wilmington, Massachusetts) and 6 SCID mice (Taconic Farms, Oxnard, California) underwent laparotomy and injection of PLA cells into the bladder and urethra. An additional 8 rats underwent sham injection of Hanks' balanced salt solution alone. Experimental and control animals were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection, and the bladders and urethras were analyzed. Results: Self-regenerating, pluripotent PLA cells were easily isolated from human adipose tissue. Evaluation 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection demonstrated PLA cell viability and incorporation into the recipient smooth muscle. Eight weeks following injection PLA cells demonstrated in vivo expression of α-smooth muscle actin, an early marker of smooth muscle differentiation. Conclusions: PLA cells are an easily accessible source of pluripotent cells, making them ideal for tissue regeneration. PLA cells remain viable up to 12 weeks in the lower urinary tract. Human PLA cells injected into the urinary tract show morphological and phenotypic evidence of smooth muscle incorporation and differentiation with time. PLA cells may provide a feasible and cost-effective cell source for urinary tract reconstruction.
What a difference a source makes! An analysis of export data

This study examines real export data from two common sources: IMF and UN Commodity Trade Statistics to determine the comparability of these data in level and percentage change form, and if the export-led growth models are robust to the data source. Additionally, the comparability of the data deflated at a disaggregated level data or by a single export unit price index is examined. The results reveal that the data are neither comparable nor in a number of cases, correlated, suggesting that much of the debate regarding export led growth is fuelled by data choice and methodology of deflation.
On: “Kirchhoff elastic wave migration for the case of noncoincident source and receiver,” by John R. Kuo and Ting-fan Dai (GEOPHYSICS, 49, 1223–1238, August, 1984)

Upon reading the work of Kuo and Dai, I have a question concerning the validity of their formulation for wave field extrapolation. They present a Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz type integral formulation for the downward extrapolation (continuation) of an elastic wave field. Mathematically, the formulation is exceedingly complex, since scalar images standardly employed in the acoustic situation are replaced by their dyadic counterparts. The result of this complexity is that derivatives of the dependent‐field variables are not subject to elimination from the resulting extrapolation expressions, as they are for the acoustic condition. Thus one is required not only to specify the values of the particle velocity, or displacement, on the data boundary, but also the values of most of their derivatives.
Improved patient survival after cardiac arrest using a cardiopulmonary support system

Abstract A portable cardiopulmonary bypass system that can be rapidly deployed in a nonsurgical setting using nursing staff was used in 38 patients with cardiovascular collapse refractory to ACLS protocol. Percutaneous or cutdown cannulation sites were: femoral vein-femoral artery (n = 18), right internal jugular vein-femoral artery (n = 2), right atrium-ascending aorta (n = 12), or a combination approach (n = 4). Two patients could not be cannulated. Patient diagnoses were pulmonary emboli (n = 3), failed coronauy angioplasty (n = 7), myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock (n = 5), trauma (n = 7), aortic stenosis (n = 2), postcardiotomy deterioration (n = 10), deterioration after cardiac transplantation (n = 2), cardiomyopathy with shock (n = 1), and ruptured ascending aortic dissection (n = 1). Ninety-five percent of patients (36 of 38) were successfully resuscitated to a stable rhythm. Eight diagnostic procedures (coronary angiography, n=4; pulmonary angiography, n=3; and aortography, n=1) were performed while patients were on cardiopulmonary support. Early deaths resulted from massive hemorrhage (n = 8), inability to cannulate (n = 2), and irreversible myocardial injury (n = 10). Sixty-six percent (24 of 36) of patients successfully cannulated underwent conversion to standard cardiopulmonary bypass with attendant operative procedure or placement of ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. Fifty percent (18 of 36) of patients cannulated were successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary support, and 17% ( 6 / 36 ) are long-term survivors. Postweaning deaths resulted from central nervous system failure (n = 8), multisystem failure (n = 3), anemia (n = 1, Jehovah's Witness), peripheral pulmonary emboli (n = 1), support withdrawn (n = 1), and sudden death due to arrhythmia (n = 1). Cardiopulmonary support has salvaged 6 patients in our series of 38 who were not able to be resuscitated by conventional techniques. The cardiopulmonary support system supports patients who have experienced sudden death and allows diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to be applied. Survival is coupled to early implementation and reversibility of the conditions that led to patient death. Cardiopulmonary support is ineffective in late cardiogenic shock resulting from massive myocardial infarction or in trauma patients with uncontrolled hemorrhage.
Enthalpies of hydrogenation of the octenes and the methylheptenes

Enthalpies of hydrogenation are given for the octenes and methylheptenes. Results follow the same general pattern that was found for alkenes and methyl alkenes of lower molar mass. Terminal double bonds not adjacent to a methyl group have ΔhydHom = −(125.6 ± 0.7) kJ·mol−1. Unbranched cis-octenes have ΔhydHom = −(118.5 ± 0.8) kJ·mol−1, and the trans-isomers have ΔhydHom = −(115.4 ± 0.4) kJ·mol−1. The terminal methyl, ethyl, or propyl groups of the trans-octenes stabilize the double bond about as much as the methyl group of 2-methylhept-1-ene: ΔhydHom = −(115.1 ± 0.7) kJ·mol−1.
Crime in the country: The vulnerability and victimization of rural citizens

Abstract While a considerable body of research, theory, and statistics has developed concerning the “urban crime problem” in America, crime in rural areas has been comparatively neglected. This study addresses that neglect by refining and extending National Crime Panel victimization survey techniques to elicit the victimization experiences, perceptions, fears, and actions of residents of a highly representative rural county in the midwestern United States. The implications of this study are discussed, including the need to educate rural citizens concerning crime prevention in order to reduce their vulnerability to continued victimization. The data suggest that the romanticization surrounding rural America may help mask the fact that increasing diffusion of criminal behavior, along with increasing homogenization of our society, have significantly eroded the rural/urban dichotomy which has dominated criminological inquiry.
Phosphorylation of class I MHC molecules in the absence of phorbol esters is an intracellular event and may be characteristic of trafficking molecules.

Abstract Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules are displayed at the cell surface where they present antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. Class I MHC molecules undergo cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation on a serine residue late in their biosynthesis. Here we show that phosphorylation occurs on mature, β 2 -microglobulin-associated class I MHC molecules in a mouse lymphoid cell line. Both recently synthesized class I MHC molecules and molecules which are at least 3 h old become phosphorylated. Approximately 14% of phosphorylated class I MHC molecules occur at the cell surface. Density gradient analysis indicates that phosphorylated class I MHC molecules also occur in lamp + intracellular compartments and in fractions containing rab4, a GTP-binding protein associated with recycling endosomes. Class I MHC molecules are endocytosed and recycled to the cell surface in these cells. Furthermore, the lysosomotropic drug, primaquine, inhibits both class I MHC phosphorylation and its recycling back to the cell surface, suggesting that phosphorylation is related to class I MHC recycling. These observations are intriguing since several studies have shown that class I MHC molecules can acquire antigenic peptides in NH 4 Cl-sensitive compartments. Hence, class I MHC phosphorylation may play a role in regulating intracellular sorting through these compartments.
Bounds on the indices of the spectral-circle eigenvalues of a nonnegative matrix

Abstract Let P be a square, nonnegative matrix. A set of k classes of P is called a chain of length k if every class in the set has access to or from any other class in the set. A chain is called a λ-chain if λ is in the spectrum of each submatrix of P corresponding to a class in the chain. Our main result states that the index of a complex number λ lying on the spectral circle of P is bounded above by the length of the longest λ-chain. We illustrate, by examples, that this bound can be attained but could sometimes be arbitrarily poor.
Surface modification tools in a virtual environment interface to a scanning probe microscope

The NanoManipulator system has been expanded from a virtual-reality interface for a specific scanning tunneling microscope to include control of atomic force microscopes. The current state of the system is reviewed, and new tools extending the user's feel and control in manipulation and fabrication in the mesoscopic regime are detailed. Manipulations that could not be performed using the techniques available from commercial SPM systems are demonstrated, and the direction of ongoing research is outlined.
Assessment of pain and impact of care among patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), evaluate the impact of DPN on patients' function and quality of life, and assess patient satisfaction with their current DPN treatment. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Patient-centered medical home model at an internal medicine clinic in Chicago, from November 1, 2011, through November 1, 2012. Participants 71 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes aged 45 to 85 years and receiving diabetes education and medication management from the clinic pharmacist. Intervention Paper survey administered to patients during clinic visits. Main outcome measures DPN history; DPN impact on activity level, sleep, and quality of life; and satisfaction with current DPN treatment. Results Of the 71 participants, 22% (n = 15) reported a diagnosis of DPN from their providers; however, 54% (n = 37) reported burning, aching, or tenderness in their hands, arms, legs, or feet. More than 50% of patients with these symptoms had experienced them for more than 1 year. Fewer than one in five patients (14% [n = 5]) reporting symptoms indicative of painful DPN were receiving treatment. Conclusion DPN may be underdiagnosed and undertreated in this patient population, which represents a potential opportunity for pharmacists to help patients with diabetes meet their quality of care goals.
Intramolecular OH insertion reaction of azido substituted diazoesters and its relevance to the mechanism of the allylic azide rearrangement

Abstract The Rh2(OAc)4 catalyzed decomposition of γ-azido-δ-hydroxy diazoesters affords 3(2H)-furanones derived by a sequential OH insertion followed by a concerted [3,3]-sigmatropic shift of the azido group.
A Computerized, Procedural Aid for Flight Crews

A computer program for detecting pilot error is described. The program observes pilot actions through the aircraft controls and state, and the actions are compared to those of a procedural script which can be considered a prescriptive model of the procedural aspects of flight. Pilot error is a discrepancy between the pilot actions and the script. The script has a hierarchical structure consisting of a single script at the highest level, scripts for the major phases of flight at the next level, scripts for procedures to be executed during these phases, and procedure step scripts at the bottom. The program interprets the aircraft data base in terms of the script, detecting errors of commission from a set of allowed and disallowed changes stored with each script element.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN THE EXTRACTION OF METAL IONS BY DIALKYL-SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. I. THE Am(III) CASE

The extraction of Am(III) from HNO3 by o-xylene solutions of P,P′-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene- (H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids has been investigated. Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined by the temperature coefficient of the metal distribution ratio in the 25.0 to 60.0°C temperature range. The extractant aggregation and the extraction stoichiometries with the different diphosphonic acids did not exhibit any significant temperature dependence. Extraction of Am(III) by H2DEH[MDP] is favored by both enthalpy and entropy variations. When Am(III) is extracted by either H2DEH[EDP] or H2DEH[BuDP] the process is entropy controlled. The enthalpy variation for Am(III) extraction exhibited a trend along the series H2DEH[MDP], H2DEH[EDP], H2DEH [BuDP], with the reaction being exothermic for the first, thermoneutral for the second, and endothermic for the third extractant, respectively. This trend was explained as arising from the format...
Pursuing Coordinated Trajectory Progression and Efficient Resource Utilization of GPU-Enabled Molecular Dynamics Simulations

To address the challenge of pursuing coordinated trajectory progression and efficient resource utilization of GPU-enabled molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on nondedicated high-end clusters, our work aims to supplement, rather than rewrite, existing workflow and resource managers. To this end, we propose a companion module that complements workflow managers and a wrapper module that supports resource managers. We model the maximum utilization of our approach in comparison to the traditional common approach for two molecular simulations: a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) system with dynamically variable job runtimes and a carbon nanotube system with hardware and application failures. In light of our solution, we estimate increased utilization in both simulations. These findings implicitly assure a more coordinated progression of long trajectories across GPUs on a cluster's nodes.
Developing Fluorescent Hyaluronan Analogs for Hyaluronan Studies

Two kinds of fluorescent hyaluronan (HA) analogs, one serving as normal imaging agent and the other used as a biosensitive contrast agent, were developed for the investigation of HA uptake and degradation. Our approach of developing HA imaging agents depends on labeling HA with varying molar percentages of a near-infrared (NIR) dye. At low labeling ratios, the hyaluronan uptake can be directly imaged while at high labeling ratios, the fluorescent signal is quenched and signal generation occurs only after degradation. It is found that the conjugate containing 1%–2% NIR dye can be used as a normal optical imaging agent, while bioactivable imaging agents are formed at 6% to 17% dye loading. It was determined that the conjugation of dye to HA with different loading percentages does not impact HA biodegradation by hyaluronidase (Hyal). The feasibility of using these two NIR fluorescent hyaluronan analogs for HA investigation was evaluated in vivo with optical imaging. The data demonstrates that the 1% dye loaded fluorescent HA can be used to monitor the behavior of HA and its fragments, whereas bioactivatable HA imaging agent (17% dye in HA) is more suitable for detecting HA fragments.
Rheological properties of foams generated from egg albumin after pH treatment

Rheological properties of foams at pH 4.5 and 8.5 made from egg albumin proteins after pH-induced unfolding and refolding treatments were investigated. The foams behaved as highly elastic materials. Static and dynamic yield stress was investigated using small, steady shear experiments. Yield stress was measured also in oscillation mode and high correlation was found between dynamic yield stress and critical stress amplitude. All pH treatments led to firmer foams than untreated foams at pH 8.5. At pH 8.5 the control foam had a very weak structure (static yield stress at 3.4 Pa and dynamic yield stress at 5.5 Pa for the fresh made foams), while pH-treated foams at pH 8.5 had values (static yield stress up to 39.2 Pa and dynamic yield stress up to 47.1 Pa for the fresh made foams) that were even higher than the values for the control at pH 4.5 (static yield stress at 22.4 Pa and dynamic yield stress at 25.4 Pa for the fresh made foams, which is a good foaming pH for egg albumin). It was shown that an increase in yield stress of foams after drainage is related to foam stability and liquid drainage. This study demonstrated that unfolding egg albumin at low or high pH followed by refolding leads to a substantial increase in foam firmness and gives the foam different properties than foams from untreated egg albumin.
A sensitometric comparison of Fuji Super HR-G* and Kodak T-mat G panoramic films

Film contrast, relative speed, and resolution of Fuji Super HR-G panoramic film were determined according to specifications of the American National Standards Institute and compared with those of Kodak T-mat G panoramic film. The films were simultaneously exposed by Kodak Lanex regular intensifying screens with time-scale sensitometry. Optical density was read with a digital densitometer, and characteristic curves were plotted and analyzed by polynomial and linear regression. The average gradients of the linear regression curves between 0.25 and 2.00 optical density units above base plus fog were taken as contrast (HR-G: 1.831, T-mat G: 1.712). Relative speed, when exposed with Lanex regular intensifying screens and calculated at 1.00 optical density unit above base plus fog, was 412 for HR-G. A speed of 400 was chosen for T-mat G to match Kodak consumer information. Resolution for both films was similar. These findings suggest that Fuji Super HR-G panoramic film develops similar contrast, speed, and resolution to Kodak T-mat G panoramic film.
Calculated Risks: Why Civic Leaders (Re)Turn to Politics

Existing conceptualizations of civil society often emphasize its distinction from political institutions and individuals. This article argues for a systematic review of the relationships between civic and political leaders in Latin America, since many civic leaders turn (or return) to political activities in order to carry out local work better. There exist a variety of nuanced relationships between the civil and the political realms. Examples from civil–political relationships in the Dominican Republic in 1999 illustrate this variety of alliances between civic leaders and political parties and demonstrate that they are not necessarily harmful to the democratic order.
Psychiatric ethics: entering the 1990s.

Dr. Eth's introduction: In July 1984 the first Ethics column appeared in the pages of H&CP, signifying the general interest and importance of ethical issues to mental health professionals. Since then, 17 articles have addressed such diverse topics as prosecuting patients for assault and using methadone as a research treatment for schizophrenia. Now, in the final column of this series, I survey some of the issues that illustrate the evolving nature of the ethical analysis of value conflicts in psychiatry.
Enhancement of interlayer spin coupling in ZnTe/MnTe superlattices by Cl doping

Significant enhancement of the magnetic correlation range in [ZnTe|MnTe] magnetic semiconductor superlattices is produced by introduction of Cl during growth. Results of Cl added to the ZnTe layers alone, to both layers, and to a partial MnTe layer suggests that the magnetism arises from an exchange mechanism dependent on the electronic states in addition to conventional superexchange.
Resolution of hypophosphatemia is associated with recovery of hepatic function in children with fulminant hepatic failure

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a rare but often fatal disease in children. Clinical and laboratory predictors of liver regeneration and recovery, however, have not been well established. We hypothesized that hypophosphatemia may indicate recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with FHF who were admitted to UCLA and recovered hepatic function either spontaneously or by liver transplantation (LTx). Serum phosphate (Ph) and prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) were compared over the patient's clinical course. Records of 39 children who spontaneously recovered experienced profound hypophosphatemia that resolved as liver synthetic function improved. Similar patterns were seen in the 84 children who recovered after LTx. We found that hypophosphatemia precedes the recovery of liver synthetic function in children with FHF who recovered with or without transplantation, and that Ph levels return to normal as liver synthetic function improves. These data suggest that hypophosphatemia may be a useful laboratory indicator of recovering liver function in children with FHF.