cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of meal composition on postprandial lipid concentrations and lipoprotein particle numbers: A randomized cross-over study.

BACKGROUND It is unclear how high-protein (HP) and high-monounsaturated fat (HMF) meals affect postprandial blood lipids and lipoprotein particle numbers (LPN). PURPOSE To compare a HP versus a HMF meal on postprandial lipid and LPN responses. METHODS Twenty-four participants (age: 36.3±15.0 years; body mass index: 23.6±2.0 kg/m2; 45.8% female) were fed a HP (31.9% energy from protein) and a HMF (35.2% fat and 20.7% monounsaturated fat) meal in a randomized cross-over trial design. Energy and carbohydrate content were the same across meals. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and 3 hour postprandial state, and assessed for lipids and LPN. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment by time interaction effect for triglycerides (TG), the primary variable, total high-density lipoprotein particles (T-HDLP) and T-HDLP minus large-buoyant high-density lipoprotein 2b (T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b). HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG at 120 (geometric mean: 90.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 76.4-106.3) vs. 146.5 (124.2-172.9) mg/dL) and 180 (101.4 (83.1-123.8) vs. 148.7 (121.9-181.4) mg/dL) min and higher T-HDLP at 120 (mean difference: 297.3 (95% CI: 48.6-545.9) nmol/L) and 180 (291.6 (15.8-567.5) nmol/L) min. The difference in T-HDLP by condition was due to the significantly higher small-dense HDLP (T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b) during HP versus HMF condition at 120 (mean difference: 452.6 (95% CI: 177.4-727.9) nmol/L) and 180 (496.8 (263.1-730.6) nmol/L) min. Area under the curve analysis showed that HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG, non-HDLP, and very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP) responses but significantly less favorable responses in LB-HDL2b particles, T-HDLP-LB-HDL2b, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio. CONCLUSION The HP meal led to lower TG, non-HDLP, and VLDLP but less favorable LB-HDL2b, small-dense HDLP, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio responses versus a HMF meal. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings over multiple meals.
Muscle and liver glycogen utilization during prolonged lift and carry exercise: male and female responses

This study examined the use of carbohydrates by men and women during lift/carry exercise. Effects of menstrual cycle variation were examined in women. Twenty-five subjects (15 M, 10 F) were studied; age 25 ± 2y M, 26 ± 3y F, weight 85 ± 3 kg* M, 63 ± 3 kg F, and height 181 ± 2 cm* M, 161 ± 2 cm F (* P < 0.0001). During exercise subjects squatted to floor level and lifted a 30 kg box, carried it 3 m, and placed it on a shelf 132 cm high 3X/min over a 3-hour period (540 lifts) or until they could not continue. Males were studied in a single session, females were studied on separate occasions (during the luteal (L) and follicular (F) menstrual phases). The protocol was identical for both sexes and on both occasions in the female group. Glycogen utilization was tracked with natural abundance C-13 NMR of quadriceps femoris and biceps brachialis muscles, and in the liver at rest and throughout the exercise period. Males completed more of the 180 min protocol than females [166 ± 9 min M, 112 ± 16 min* F (L), 88 ± 16 min** F (F) (*P = 0.0036, **P < 0.0001)]. Quadriceps glycogen depletion was similar between sexes and within females in L/F phases [4.7 ± 0.8 mmol/L-h M, 4.5 ± 2.4 mmol/L-h F (L), 10.3 ± 3.5 mmol/L-h F (F)]. Biceps glycogen depletion was greater in females [2.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L-h M, 10.3 ± 1.3 mmol/L-h* F (L), 16.8 ± 4.8 mmol/L-h** F (F) (* P = 0.0004, ** P = 0.0122)]. Resting glycogen levels were higher in females during the follicular phase (P = 0.0077). Liver glycogen depletion increased during exercise, but was not significant. We conclude that with non-normalized lift/carry exercise: (1) Based on their smaller size, women are less capable of completing and work their upper body harder than men. (2) Women and men work their lower body at similar levels. (3) Women store more quadriceps carbohydrate during the follicular phase. (4) The liver is not significantly challenged by this protocol.
Growth of Carbon Nanostructures on Cu Nanocatalysts

Besides the commonly used catalysts Fe, Co, and Ni, other transition metals have also been shown promising as catalysts for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), albeit via different mechanisms. In this work, using density functional theory, we study unsupported and MgO-supported Cu nanoparticles as potential catalysts. Several parameters of nucleation and growth such as carbon dissolution and catalyst morphology evolution during reaction are investigated using density functional theory. Results show very low carbon solubility for both supported and unsupported Cu nanoparticles, although bigger Cu nanoparticles exhibit slightly higher C solubility. Generally, the interacting carbons are found to be localized on the surface of the Cu nanoparticles, hinting at the surface-mediating nature of Cu. In the case of supported Cu nanoparticles, nanoparticle–support adhesion energies indicate weak Cu–O bonding that allows the nanoparticle to remain nearly spherical on the support. In turn, this may...
In situ pinning in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: long-term follow-up studies

AbstractBackgroundManagement of moderately displaced slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is debated, mostly because of the risks related to open reduction on one hand, and subsequent evolution toward femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) on the other.MethodAll SCFE cases treated with in situ fixation (ISF) and a minimum of ten years of follow-up beyond skeletal maturity were analysed in a retrospective multicentre study. Coxometry parameters were measured. Long-term results of ISF were meanwhile analysed at our Institution.ResultsA total of 222 patients were included. Patient reported outcome measurements were related to the severity of the initial slip. It suggested a 35.5° threshold for slip angle beyond which FAI was more frequent. Only slight remodelling at the head-neck junction is to be expected.ConclusionBased on these findings, it seems reasonable to perform ISF only in SCFE with a slip angle below 35°.
Bi-Invisibility: A Phenomenological Exploration of Same-Sex Casual Encounters

ABSTRACTSexual behaviors do not always align with a person's sexual orientation. This article seeks to explore the experiences of those who sexually identify as heterosexual or mostly heterosexual and engage in same-sex sexual behavior. The authors sought to understand what led the individuals to this particular type of encounter, the behaviors associated with the encounter, how the encounters were described by the participants, and the overall affect that gender has on the experience. This phenomenological study included a sample of 14 men and six women from an online source in which the individuals described their experiences. The authors found 11 themes that were organized within three categories: before, during, and after. This study revealed diverse motivations for engaging in a same-sex encounter, as well as a gender difference in the overall impact of the experience. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Variational Method: Rayleigh—Ritz

This chapter examines the procedure and yield of Rayleigh–Ritz method. It is applicable to differential equations that come from a variational principle. It yields an approximation valid over an interval. The variational expression from which a differential equation is derived can be used to approximate the solution. Most equations of mathematical physics and engineering arise from a variational principle. The Rayleigh–Ritz method is to determine the functional that a differential equation comes from, and then to find an approximate minimum. This is done by choosing a sequence of function s { Φ 1 , Φ 2 …Φ n } and then forming u N ( x, y ) = a 1 Φ 1 ( x, y ) + a 1 Φ 2 ( x, y ) + ⋅⋅⋅ a n Φ n ( x, y ) where th e { a i } are unknown. Th e { a i } must be chosen in such a way that the boundary conditions are satisfied.
Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2012

Basic and clinical immunology articles published in the Journal in 2012 were mostly related to the expanding area of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Novel forms of PID were identified by using whole-exome sequencing or after careful examination of flow cytometric data, as in the reports of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, CD27, and CD21 deficiencies. Absent IgG and IgA memory B cells were described in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome, which is consistent with defective antibody response and suggests a potential benefit of immunoglobulin replacement. Impaired production of antibodies to polysaccharide antigens by the human B-cell subset analog to murine B-1 cells was reported in a child with selective polysaccharide antibody deficiency. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines by monocyte-derived cells on Toll-like receptor activation was reported in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, underscoring the important role of Bruton tyrosine kinase in modulation of inflammation. The mechanisms explaining susceptibility to yeast infections and development of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were extensively studied. Universal newborn screening for T-cell deficiencies is being implemented in several states, resulting in the diagnosis of a higher number of immunodeficient newborns than previously estimated. The use of laboratory testing to distinguish PIDs from HIV infection was clarified. In the management of PIDs, refinement of indication and strategies to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in improved outcomes. The use of anti–IL-6 mAbs showed promise as an alternative treatment in patients with Schnitzler syndrome.
Civil Wars & the Structure of World Power

The “policy science” of civil wars, which emerged in the early 1990s, included deeply embedded assumptions about the nature of the international political system. It was taken for granted that the ...
Teaching Penny Bloods and Dreadfuls

Illustrated “penny bloods” and “penny dreadfuls” such as Varney the Vampire and The String of Pearls (“Sweeney Todd”) are generally absent from the curriculum. Mostly out of print and not accessible in circulating libraries, they are rarely clarified by scholarly editions. However, in the Victorian era, these genres accrued vast reading audiences, eclipsing those of many canonical works. This chapter presents ideas for a course called “Literary Topics: The Digital Humanities and Sweeney Todd” that introduces students to Victorian penny fiction and its historical contexts as part of the history of the book from the nineteenth century through the digital revolution. Digital archives allow contemporary readers to access bloods and dreadfuls. By analyzing these copies and annotating chapters of the 700-page 1850 edition of The String of Pearls, students explore the genre and its cultural impact while contextualizing the enduring Sweeney Todd myth for a public audience akin, in some ways, to the one it initially captivated.
Risk Factors for the Development of Internet Adultery

Internet relationships have aspects that are different from face-to-face relationships. The seductive anonymity encourages rapid and easy intimacy. The experience of communicating with a mysterious “other” allows for the development of transference similar to traditional psychotherapy. A 45-year-old man, married for several years, entered treatment after engaging in Internet adultery. Mild depression, partial disability, social isolation, decreased libido within the marriage, and midlife crisis contributed to this man's vulnerability. Treatment enabled this patient to understand and address the factors that led to his obsessive Internet use and affair.
The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses

Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins -including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)- via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors -called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton. Osteochondroma development requires a somatic "second hit" that would complement the germline EXT mutation to further decrease HS production and/levels at perichondrial sites of osteochondroma induction. Cellular studies have shown that the steep decreases in local HS levels: derange the normal homeostatic signaling pathways keeping perichondrium mesenchymal; cause excessive BMP signaling; and provoke ectopic chondrogenesis and osteochondroma formation. Data from HME mouse models have revealed that systemic treatment with a BMP signaling antagonist markedly reduces osteochondroma formation. In sum, recent studies have provided major new insights into the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of HME and the roles played by HS deficiency. These new insights have led to the first ever proof-of-principle demonstration that osteochondroma formation is a druggable process, paving the way toward the creation of a clinically-relevant treatment.
Optimal tube length of orotracheal intubation for mice

Endotracheal tube (ETT) management is an essential technique in handling mice with mechanical ventilators. Malposition into bronchi causes not only lethal complications for them but also less effic...
Nutritional Quality and Physical Characteristics of Soluble Proteins Recovered from Silver Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality and physical characteristics of soluble proteins separated from silver carp at 4, 20, and 40 °C. Ground silver carp was diluted, and soluble proteins were separated by centrifugation and dried. The proximate composition (dry wt) of the protein powders averaged 82.42% protein, 3.25% lipid, and 14.50% ash. Average protein recovery yield was 11.78% with the better yields occurring at 20 °C (P < 0.05). Mineral profile revealed greater concentrations of Fe, Mg, P, and Na when compared to the initial homogenate. More saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were recovered in the 4 °C powder and the least in the 40 °C powder (P < 0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acids displayed a reverse trend, with the greatest concentration in the 40 °C powder and the least in the 4 °C powder (P < 0.05). The amino acid profile revealed that the protein powder met all FAO/WHO/UNO amino acid requirements for adults. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed high amounts of low and medium molecular weight (MW) proteins (10-15 and 25-50 kDa, respectively). Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis indicated that the low MW proteins possessed a neutral isoelectric point relative to that of the medium MW proteins. The protein powder was significantly less soluble (P < 0.05) than whey protein concentrate 80 at every pH tested (pH 3.0 to 11.0). Similar tendencies were seen when ionic strength was shifted (0.0 to 1.1 I; P < 0.05). Soluble protein powders derived from silver carp are nutrient rich and have physical characteristics resembling whey protein concentrate. Changes in process temperature had limited effects on protein powder composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Soluble proteins contribute to 20 to 40% of fish protein and are soluble in neutral salt solutions. Much of the sarcoplasmic proteins are lost when they solubilize in processing water and are discarded similarly to how whey protein was once discarded during dairy processing. When government regulations on whey disposal were implemented, the dairy industry responded by repurposing the high-quality protein for human use and it is now a billion dollar industry. The aim of this research project was to verify the composition of an otherwise overlooked protein source.
Dimensional Synthesis of Six-Bar Linkage as a Constrained RPR Chain

In this paper, five positions of a planar RPR serial chain are specified and the synthesis equations for two RR constraints are solved to obtain a six-bar linkage. Analysis of the resulting linkage determines if it moves the end-effector smoothly through the five task positions without a branch defect. The design procedure presented randomly selects variations to the positions of the RPR chain in order to obtain new six-bar linkages. This dimensional synthesis algorithm yields a set of six-bar linkages that move the end-effector near the original task positions. This synthesis procedure is applied to the design of a linkage that generates a square pattern. The procedure yielded 122 defect-free linkages for one million iterations.
Rub Outs in the Territory: Killing Police Chiefs and Top-Level Commanders in Chihuahua

This chapter examines in detail the assassination of municipal police chiefs and top-level commanders in the state of Chihuahua (2006–2012). These murders are the result of the interaction between impunity in the political, legal and law enforcement systems and the goals and weapons of the criminal organizations. Such goals include: (1) retaliation for federal, state and local prosecution, (2) the attempt to neutralize police chiefs, (3) the effort to achieve intermittent local governance and/or to place corrupt police chiefs, and, (4) to reduce local governmental capacity in order to obtain greater freedom for movement of goods. A geographical mapping of the assassinations of local police chiefs and top-commanders in Chihuahua also reveals that they are not random but follow a northbound pattern along drug-smuggling routes. In some instances organized crime elements did take total temporary political control in some small towns near the U.S.-Mexican border and near the cross-roads of major drug-smuggling highways. These instances can be understood as limited “governance” through organized crime (Sheptycki, 2003; Sullivan and Elkus 2008).
Anesthesia and pain management at Baylor University Medical Center

n December 1984, Dr. Michael A. E. Ramsay was summonedto the boardroom of Baylor University Medical Center(BUMC) to meet with Mr. Boone Powell, Jr., president ofthe medical center; Dr. John S. Fordtran, chief of the Depart-ment of Internal Medicine; Dr. Goran B. Klintmalm, recentlyappointed director of transplantation services; and other medi-cal staff leaders. Those already assembled were on a conferencecall with Dr. Thomas E. Starzl, professor of surgery and directorof transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh School ofMedicine. First Lady Nancy Reagan had asked Dr. Starzl if a 4-year-old child, who had been part of the White House Christ-mas tree–lighting ceremony, could have a liver transplant. Anorgan was available, but there were no open hospital beds at Pitts-burgh. Dr. Starzl had called to inquire whether the transplantcould be done as the first liver transplant procedure at BUMC.The decision was made to proceed. Dr. Starzl flew to Dallas andtogether with his previous fellow, Dr. Klintmalm, performed thefirst successful orthotopic liver transplant in Texas, with Dr.Ramsay, Dr. Peter T. Walling, and Dr. Thomas W. Swygert as-sisting with anesthesia.Organ transplantation could not have been contemplatedsave for centuries of effort to develop effective anesthetic agentsand techniques for managing high-acuity patients for extendedperiods of time. Making the momentous decision to perform thetransplant at BUMC was feasible only because of the near-century–long effort to develop BUMC’s medical staff, technicalsupport, equipment, facilities, and financing, together with de-tailed planning, guided by Dr. Starzl, to develop a major organtransplantation program at BUMC.
Stony Corals from Rocas Alijos

Rocas Alijos lies approximately 343 km west of Baja California Sur, Mexico, at approximately 25°N latitude. During the 1990 Cordell Expedition to this site, two species of corals in two genera were collected by divers and forwarded to the author for examination. The specimens were collected from depths of 24–91 m, in water of temperature 19 to 21 °C. This paper presents identifications of these corals and remarks on their distributions and occurrence.
Supergravity Field Theories and the Art of Constructing Them

During the past year Lagrangian field theories in four dimensional space-time have been developed which have a new gauge principle, namely, local supersymmetry. The gauge field of supersymmetry transformation is the spin 3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field and it necessarily occurs in these theories together with the vierbein field which describes gravitation. A variety of constructions of supergravity field theories have now been given which include vector, spinor, and scalar fields. Although none of them seems to apply directly to experiment, I take the attitude that they are all interesting because they are the basic constructions associated with a gauge principle of considerable mathematical elegance. In qualitative terms, what has been achieved is an extension of general relativity in which gravitation is closely linked with the fundamental concept of anti-commuting fermion fields. Unification of lower spin fields with the graviton occurs in some models, and supergravity practitioners hope that a corresponding unification of gravitation with other particle interactions can be achieved. Since there are as yet no signals from experiment that nature is aware of our efforts, we look for theoretical signals. The improved renormalizability situation in supergravity, which will be discussed by Peter van Nieuwenhuizen at this conference, may be one such signal.
Cultivating self-compassion within the supervision relationship

ABSTRACTThe transition from clinician-in-training to mental health professional can prove challenging, marked by feelings of anxiety, self-doubt, and incompetence. The supervisory relationship aims...
World’s landlocked basins drying

Most of the net water transferred over the past 15 years from non-glaciated land to the oceans has originated from landlocked basins, according to satellite data. This source of sea-level rise is often overlooked.
Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

Welcome to ACM MobiCom '17, the 23nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. MobiCom is the premier forum for cutting-edge research in mobile systems and wireless networks. This year's technical program features 35 outstanding papers, covering a wide variety of topics: Wireless access and backhaul Cellular systems Light communication Near field communication Localization RFID Wireless privacy and security IoT and wearables Data management Virtual reality Mobile applications and Web We again had a heavy PC (30 members) and a light PC (30 members). The two-tiered PC balanced the goals of broader inclusivity and running an effective TPC meeting. The TPC was made up of experts from diverse research areas, and TPC selection also took into account gender, seniority, institution, country, expertise, and academic or industrial background. The TPC included researchers from 10 countries: France, India, Italy, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, U.K., and the U.S. Twenty percent of the TPC members were female. The TPC also had broad industry participation, with members from Cisco, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and NEC. The paper review process was double-blind. It was carried out in three phases: First, each paper was reviewed by at least three TPC members, and the top 107 papers were advanced to the second phase. Review scores, in addition to reviewer confidence and normalization with respect to other papers by the same reviewer, were considered in the selection process. In the second phase, each paper was reviewed by at least two more reviewers, followed by an online discussion; that produced 68 papers for the TPC meeting on June 1 and 2 in Seattle, which was the final phase. These 68 papers were discussed at length at the meeting. Eventually, 35 papers were conditionally accepted into the program. The heavy PC participated in all three phases; the light TPC participated only in the first phase. Each of the 35 papers was assigned a shepherd from the heavy PC. Shepherds' identities were provided to authors, unlike in the previous year. Reviewers remained anonymous. Shepherds coordinated with reviewers to address the review comments and they approved the final versions for publication. The result of this process is a strong and diverse technical program consisting of 35 high-quality papers.
Movement ecology and stenothermy of satellite-tagged shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris)

Abstract The shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) is an understudied, istiophorid billfish primarily encountered as bycatch in pelagic commercial fisheries of the Indo-Pacific. The species is listed as data-deficient, and little is known of its biology, ecology, and population structure or status. We assessed the species’ movement ecology and thermal niche with telemetry data from the first shortbill spearfishes ever outfitted with pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags (n = 3 with successfully transmitted data). Short (4–15 day) deployments offshore of the Island of Hawai’i revealed that spearfish primarily occupied the mixed layer, spending >90% of each 24-hr period between the surface and 100 m in water temperatures between 24–26 °C. These individuals consistently exhibited vertical activity at night regardless of the prevailing lunar phase. Nocturnal movements throughout the mixed layer may enable shortbill spearfish to forage on mesopelagic species undergoing diel vertical migration and reduce trophic niche overlap with primarily diurnal, pelagic species. The narrow thermal distribution of shortbill spearfish in this study, almost exclusively within 2 °C of sea surface temperature, suggests that they are more stenothermal than extra-generic istiophorid species.
The Novel Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Flavopiridol Downregulates Bcl-2 and Induces Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Lines

Flavopiridol is a novel, potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). This synthetic flavone has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity in murine and human tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo and is currently undergoing clinical phase I evaluation. In the present study, 1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-prolymphocytic cell line (JVM-2), 1 EBV-transformed B-CLL cell line (I83CLL), and 1 non-EBV transformed B-CLL cell line (WSU-CLL) were used as targets. Treatment of the cells with flavopiridol (100 nmol/L to 400 nmol/L) led to a marked dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell growth and survival as determined using trypan blue exclusion. Morphologic analysis showed characteristic apoptotic changes such as chromatin condensation and fragmentation, membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Furthermore, quantitative assessment of apoptosis-associated DNA strand breaks by in situ TdT labeling showed that a significant number of flavopiridol-treated cells underwent apoptosis. These cellular effects were associated with a significant decrease in bcl-2 expression as observed by Northern and Western blotting. The results showed that flavopiridol downregulates bcl-2 mRNA and bcl-2 protein expression within 24 hours. Genistein and quercetin, two flavonoids that do not inhibit CDKs, did not affect bcl-2 expression. These data suggest an additional mechanism of action of this new flavone which might be useful as an agent in the treatment of chronic lymphoid malignancies.
Cochlear Place of Stimulation Is One Determinant of Cochlear Implant Sound Quality.

Objective Our aim was to determine the effect of acute changes in cochlear place of stimulation on cochlear implant (CI) sound quality. Design In Experiment 1, 5 single-sided deaf (SSD) listeners fitted with a long (28-mm) electrode array were tested. Basal shifts in place of stimulation were implemented by turning off the most apical electrodes and reassigning the filters to more basal electrodes. In Experiment 2, 2 SSD patients fitted with a shorter (16.5-mm) electrode array were tested. Both basal and apical shifts in place of stimulation were implemented. The apical shifts were accomplished by current steering and creating a virtual place of stimulation more apical that that of the most apical electrode. Results Listeners matched basal shifts by shifting, in the normal-hearing ear, the overall spectrum up in frequency and/or increasing voice pitch (F0). Listeners matched apical shifts by shifting down the overall frequency spectrum in the normal-hearing ear. Conclusion One factor determining CI voice quality is the location of stimulation along the cochlear partition.
What Is Crisis Leadership

Crisis leadership is a very important part of leading in today’s world. Every organization goes through some form of crisis on a fairly regular basis. This chapter is intended to define what a crisis is and what its impact may be on the organization. Additionally, a distinction between crisis management and crisis leadership will be made and an overview of crisis leadership research will be provided. The Bible provides us guidance on how we should view the various crises we experience. We are told, “For I know the plans I have for you, declares the LORD, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope” (Jeremiah 29:11, NIV). These words tell us that the Lord already knows the trouble we will have to endure and that we should have faith that we can overcome them. While this is very comforting news, this does not mean that we can sit idly by and hope that things work out. Rather, we are to do as instructed in 1 Peter and in other parts of scripture and serve as leaders and examples for others during tough times.
A Super Ising Machine with All-to-All Two-Body and Four-Body Interactions

We propose and demonstrate an Ising machine that contains nearly a million spins and supports all-to-all many-body interactions via frequency-conversion process. Its ground state is approximately obtained via adaptive feedback control.
Clustering of visible and infrared solar irradiance for solar architecture design and analysis

Abstract Incoming solar radiation is a key factor influencing solar architecture design. It determines the thermal and optical regime of the building envelope and affects the solar heat and light transfer between the indoors and outdoors. Computational analysis is an essential tool in solar architecture design. Usually, an entire year’s weather data in a conventional weather file can be imported into such computational analyses. Solar irradiance data used in a conventional solar architecture design analytics are broadband (the total of UV, VIS, and NIR); however, these three components play different roles in building energy efficiency. So, analyzing individual solar components separately can be desirable. This research is to develop estimation models of the VIS and NIR components that can be captured efficiently from readily available datasets collected from the ground weather stations; such a model can then be conveniently implemented into current solar architecture design and research. We explored and tested classification-based modeling methods for decomposing hourly broadband global horizontal solar irradiance data in conventional weather files into hourly global horizontal solar VIS and NIR components. Furthermore, a workflow of how to implement these models in solar architecture design and analysis has been developed and discussed herein.
Heterocyclic Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compounds with Fused Benziodazole and Tetrazole Rings (I-Substituted Tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2]Benziodazoles)

A series of heterocyclic hypervalent (HV) iodine(III) compounds containing fused tetrazole and benziodazole rings, i.e., derivatives of benziodazolotetrazole (BIAT) with various ligands attached to the iodine atom were prepared and studied. BIAT-Cl was synthesized via chlorination of 5-(2-iodophenyl)-1H-tetrazole and subsequent spontaneous cyclo-dehydrochlorination of the initially formed dichloroiodo compound. The oxidation of the aforementioned parent monovalent iodine substrate with NaIO4 yielded BIAT-OH, which was in turn reacted with acetic anhydride to afford the I-acetoxy derivative BIAT-OAc. BIAT-OMe was obtained by refluxing the latter compound or by dissolving (2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)(hydroxy)iodonium tosylate in methanol. All heterocyclic HV iodine(III) compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI-HRMS, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The reaction of alkenes with BIAT-Cl in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 at room temperature afforded chloro-tetrazolylated products in 70-88% isolated yields. The oxidation of thioanisole with BIAT-Cl under various reaction conditions is also reported. The thermal stabilities of all BIAT derivatives were examined as well. The enthalpies of exothermic degradation were measured by thermal gravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry and were determined to be in the range between −35.3 and −305.3 kJ mol-1, i.e., significantly larger than the enthalpy of decomposition (−29.4 kJ mol-1) of the parent monovalent iodine-containing tetrazole – 5-(2-iodophenyl)-1H-tetrazole.
Evaluating the risks and benefits of ketorolac in transoral robotic surgery

Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) is increasingly used for oropharyngeal neoplasms and obstructive sleep apnea. Post-operative pain and bleeding remain concerns. Ketorolac has proved to be a safe alternative or addition to narcotics in other operations, but has not been thoroughly evaluated in TORS. A retrospective review was carried out on all TORS cases at our institution between April 2012 and March 2019, with the vast majority of cases performed starting in 2017. Post-operative bleed rates were compared between those who received Ketorolac and those who did not. Secondary outcomes evaluated included post-operative pain scores and need for feeding tube upon discharge. A total of 81 TORS cases were evaluated, with 37 patients receiving Ketorolac. Six (7.4%) patients reported post-operative bleeding, with one major and five minor bleeds. The patient with major bleeding requiring operative intervention did not receive Ketorolac. All five patients with minor bleeding received Ketorolac, but no bleeds occurred in the immediate post-operative setting while receiving Ketorolac. The average time of bleeding was 8 days post-operative. There were no significant differences in pain scores or time to feeding tube removal. This preliminary study shows that Ketorolac use in the postoperative pain management after TORS does not increase major bleeding risk without benefits in pain management. There was increased risk of minor bleeding not requiring intervention, but this was not significant. Future prospective studies are needed to determine if it improves pain and swallowing and decreases narcotic requirements following TORS.
The Ninth Symphony of Beethoven, Its Rich History

Adrienne Rich’s poem “The Ninth Symphony of Beethoven Understood at Last as a Sexual Message” has become a fixture in musicological accounts of Beethoven and the Ninth ever since its introduction to the discipline in an influential essay by Susan McClary. But though Rich’s work has been cited in numerous books and articles in the intervening decades, it has remained yoked to McClary’s text, with critics rarely considering the poem on its own terms. This paper considers what is at stake in our discipline’s reliance on Rich’s “Beethoven” poem. After taking stock of its use at the hands of musicologists since the publication of Feminine Endings, asking to what end authors reference Rich’s work, it returns to the poem in order to stage a more explicit confrontation with its text, reestablish its connections to contemporary discussions of Beethoven and feminism, and consider its significance to musicology.
Two Urgency Categories, Same Outcome: No Difference After "Therapeutic" vs. "Prophylactic" Fasciotomy

ObjectivesFasciotomy to treat or prevent compartment syndromes in patients with truncal or peripheral arterial injuries is a valuable adjunct. The objective of this study was to document the curren...
A Diverse Noise-Resilient DNN Ensemble Model on Edge Devices for Time-Series Data

Many applications such as healthcare and transportation on edge devices will use deep neural network (DNN) prediction based on time-series data collected by the devices. However, the existence of noises in the on-device sensors negatively impacts the sensing output of the DNN models. The state-of-the-art time-series based DNN approaches can deal with Gaussian noise but cannot effectively handle other types of noises in spite of the existence of different types of noises such as shot, burst, transient noises, and their combination. In this paper, we propose an ensemble-based DNN model, namely E–Sense, which consists of different expert models for different noises and shows higher prediction accuracy. Since an edge device may have limited resources to run a large DNN model, we further propose a novel searching-based model compression method called E−Comp that uses knowledge distillation to compress E−Sense to a smaller DNN model while maintaining the accuracy. Our real experiments on live sensor data and trace-driven experiments on three real traces show that E–Sense outperforms other methods in accuracy, and E–Comp reduces 27% inference time without sacrificing accuracy compared with other DNN compression methods. We also distributed our source code.
Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Statistical Copolymers: Well-Ordered Nanostructures from One-Pot Polymerizations

We report the synthesis of a bottlebrush statistical copolymer (BSCP) architecture and its role in directing molecular packing in the bulk state. Copolymers with a statistical distribution of two c...
SU-E-T-245: Detection of the Photon Target Damage in Varian Linac Based On Periodical Quality Assurance Measurements

Purpose: To determine the best dosimetric metric measured by our routine QA devices for diagnosing photon target failure on a Varian C-series linac. Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the dosimetry data from a Varian linac with a target degradation that was undiagnosed for one year. A failure in the daily QA symmetry tests was the first indication of an issue. The beam was steered back to a symmetric shape and water scans indicated the beam energy had changed but stayed within the manufacturer's specifications and agreed reasonably with our treatment planning system data. After the problem was identified and the target was replaced, we retrospectively analyzed our QA data including diagonals normalized flatness (F_DN) from the daily device (DQA3), profiles from an ionization chamber array (IC Profiler), as well as profiles and PDDs from a 3D water Scanner (3DS). These metrics were cross-compared to determine which was the best early indicator of target degradation. Results: A 3% change in FDN measured by the DQA3 was found to be an early indicator of target degradation. It is more sensitive than changes in output, symmetry, flatness or PDD. All beam shape metrics (flatness at dmax and 10 cm depth, and F_DN) indicated an energy increase while the PDD indicated an energy decrease. This disagreement between the beam-shape based energy metrics (F_DN and flatness) and PDD based energy metric may indicate target failure as opposed to an energy change resulting from changes in the incident electron energy. Conclusion: Photon target degradation has been identified as a failure mode for linacs. The manufacturer's test for this condition is highly invasive and requires machine down time. We have demonstrated that the condition could be caught early based upon data acquired during routine QA activities, such as the F_DN.
Human MGMT is a prime target for inactivation by oxidative stress, mediated by glutathionylation and oxidation of the active site cysteine145

1541 Both the antimutagenic and drug resistance properties conferred by the DNA repair protein, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltranferase (MGMT) derive from its ability to transfer the alkyl groups bound to the O6-position of guanine on to a cysteine (cys145) at its active site. Because of the unique and reactive nature of this cysteine, and the possibility that cellular redox status may play a key role in maintaining this sulfhydryl group, we investigated the effect of glutathione and oxidative stress on the activity and biology of MGMT, using the UW228 human medulloblastoma cell line and recombinant MGMT (rMGMT) protein. Incubation of rMGMT or cell extracts with reduced glutathione (GSH) or GSSG (1-8 mM) resulted in potent inactivation of MGMT activity. This loss of activity occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and was reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT). Using biotinylated GSH as a probe and western analysis with streptavidin-linked horseradish peroxidase, we detected a rapid and specific incorporation of GSH into the MGMT protein, thereby, demonstrating that MGMT is a facile target for S-glutathionylation. Prior exposure of rMGMT with O6-benzylguanine (BG, 30 μM) or N-ethylmaleimide (2 mM) completely abolished the glutathionylation of MGMT, suggesting the active site cysteine to be the major site of modification. Further, the exposure of UW228 cells to various oxidants (H2O2, diamide, ter-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium hypochlorite) for 15 min induced a drastic loss of MGMT activity. rMGMT also showed a similar loss of activity on oxidant exposure; both cellular MGMT and rMGMT exhibited altered electrophoretic mobilities under these conditions. The glutathionylated and oxidized MGMT proteins were also susceptible for digestion by V8 protease, generating a specific 14 kDa peptide, not seen in unmodified MGMT digests, thus, confirming the existence of an altered conformational state in the modified proteins. In addition, we demonstrated the glutathionylation of cellular MGMT under physiological conditions by first treating the UW228 cells with oxidizing agents, and subsequently incubating them with the cell permeable biotinylated glutathione ethyl ester followed by affinity purification on avidin-agarose and western analysis. Other evidence indicated that oxidized and/or glutathionylated MGMT is specifically targeted for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. These data provide the first evidence for the fine modulation of alkylation DNA damage and repair during oxidative stress, and show that MGMT is reversibly modified by S-thiolation. Although, a transient glutathionylation has been proposed as a protective mechanism to prevent enzyme inactivation, our results suggest that for MGMT, this process is likely to be futile, by targeting the protein for increased degradation (Supported by NIH RO1 CA97343 grant to KSS).
Perturbation response in feed-forward neural networks

Two advantages claimed for feedforward neural networks with continuous-valued activation functions are robustness and a distributed nature. These issues are addressed from a very specific perspective: How sensitive is a given, trained network to perturbations in individual internal neurons? Using first-order approximations, a tractable model that predicts useful statistics of the desired sensitivities from basic information about the perturbing process is derived. The model has been tested on several trained and random network architectures. The particular case investigated considers perturbations on non-output neurons only, and for simple uniform distributions. >
Analysis of flagellar calcium-binding proteins.

Publisher Summary Calcium ions play a very important regulatory role in flagellar function. Ca 2+ is involved in flagellar growth, regeneration, abscission, flagellar surface motility, and adhesion. Furthermore, flagella offer distinct advantages over many other types of organelles for the study of Ca 2+ -regulated processes. Mutant cells with structural defects in their axonemes may be used for mapping the locations of calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). The purpose of this chapter is to describe methods for identifying CaBPs that may control these processes in flagella. Such A method is called diagonal electrophoresis. Flagellar proteins are separated in the presence of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and then a second electrophoresis is carried out in the presence of Ca 2+ , orthogonal to the first dimension. Most proteins do not exhibit Ca 2+ -sensitive migration in gels, and these form the diagonal. CaBPs (those with Ca 2 -dependent electrophoretic mobility) lie conspicuously off the diagonal in a region of very low background staining. Diagonal electrophoresis is highly sensitive and it greatly reduces the problems of comigrating bands. It is limited to the detection of proteins that bind Ca 2+ under the conditions of electrophoresis and that migrate differently in the presence or absence of Ca 2+ . Consequently, it needs to be used in combination with other techniques such as 45 Ca 2+ overlays of protein blots. In principle, diagonal electrophoresis could be performed with “native” gel systems to identify CaBPs that lose their Ca 2+ binding properties in the presence of mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).There is description of the chemicals used, the apparatus and the stock solutions. An overview of the diagonal gel procedures, the process of pouring and running the gels, and of staining—Coomassie blue and silver staining is presented.
Mass Loss from Luminous Blue Variables

Luminous Blue Variables (LBV’s) are losing mass at a rate which is higher than in normal stars of the same luminosity. This high mass loss is evident from the occurrence of P Cygni profiles in the visual spectrum, the large numbers of UV lines which are Doppler shifted or show P Cygni profiles and the large IR excess or radio free-free emission. Mass loss from LBV’s is strongly variable on a wide range of timescales from months to centuries and possibly even millenia. During these variations the mass loss may vary from values as low as 10-6 to 10-5 M⊙/yr, when the star is quiet, to outbursts of the type observed in P Cygni in AD 1600 and ŋ Car in 1837 (for reviews see Davidson, 1987; Lamers, 1986, 1987).
Special Theories of Imprecise Probabilities

Several theories of imprecise probabilities are introduced. They include: the theory of graded possibilities, the theory based on ?>-measures, Dempster-Shafer theory, and the theory based on reachable interval-valued probability distributions.
Staffing challenges for a joint-use library: The Nova Southeastern University and Broward County experience

Nova Southeastern University and the Broward County Board of County Commissioners engaged in a cooperative agreement to build a joint-use library to serve the citizens of Broward County and the students, faculty, and staff of Nova Southeastern University. Two institutions show that together they can provide more, and better, services to their constituents than they can separately. The authors have discussed one of the earlier challenges to making this joint-use library successful-creating a staff plan, recruiting, hiring, and training staff. The authors describe recruitment and hiring library staff for a joint-use library.