cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exacerbation of blast-induced ocular trauma by an immune response

Visual prognosis after an open globe injury is typically worse than after a closed globe injury due, in part, to the immune response that ensues following open globe trauma. There is a need for an animal model of open globe injury in order to investigate mechanisms of vision loss and test potential therapeutics. The left eyes of DBA/2 J mice were exposed to an overpressure airwave blast. This strain lacks a fully functional ocular immune privilege, so even though the blast wave does not rupture the globe, immune infiltrate and neuroinflammation occurs as it would in an open globe injury. For the first month after blast wave exposure, the gross pathology, intraocular pressure, visual function, and retinal integrity of the blast-exposed eyes were monitored. Eyes were collected at three, seven, and 28 days to study the histology of the cornea, retina, and optic nerve, and perform immunohistochemical labeling with markers of cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The overpressure airwave caused anterior injuries including corneal edema, neovascularization, and hyphema. Immune infiltrate was detected throughout the eyes after blast wave exposure. Posterior injuries included occasional retinal detachments and epiretinal membranes, large retinal pigment epithelium vacuoles, regional photoreceptor cell death, and glial reactivity. Optic nerve degeneration was evident at 28 days post-blast wave exposure. The electroretinogram (ERG) showed an early deficit in the a wave that recovered over time. Both visual acuity and the ERG b wave showed an early decrease, then a transient improvement that was followed by further decline at 28 days post-blast wave exposure. Ocular blast injury in the DBA/2 J mouse recapitulates damage that is characteristic of open globe injuries with the advantage of a physically intact globe that prevents complications from infection. The injury was more severe in DBA/2 J mice than in C57Bl/6 J mice, which have an intact ocular immune privilege. Early injury to the outer retina mostly recovers over time. In contrast, inner retinal dysfunction seems to drive later vision loss.
Set-valued duality theory for multiple objective linear programs and application to mathematical finance

We develop a duality theory for weakly minimal points of multiple objective linear programs which has several advantages in contrast to other theories. For instance, the dual variables are vectors rather than matrices and the dual feasible set is a polyhedron. We use a set-valued dual objective map the values of which have a very simple structure, in fact they are hyperplanes. As in other set-valued (but not in vector-valued) approaches, there is no duality gap in the case that the right-hand side of the linear constraints is zero. Moreover, we show that the whole theory can be developed by working in a complete lattice. Thus the duality theory has a high degree of analogy to its classical counterpart. Another important feature of our theory is that the infimum of the set-valued dual problem is attained in a finite set of vertices of the dual feasible domain. These advantages open the possibility of various applications such as a dual simplex algorithm. Exemplarily, we discuss an application to a Markowitz-type bicriterial portfolio optimization problem where the risk is measured by the Conditional Value at Risk.
Drought, Domestic Budgeting and Wealth Distribution in Sahelian Households

Over the past twenty-five years, Sahelian households have experienced recurrent harvest failure and greater reliance on remittances from migratory wage labour. Household subsistence has become less dependent on household grain stores and more on the liquidation of individual wealth stores. This study investigates how these broader changes have affected struggles between household members over obligations to support the household in the Zarmaganda region of western Niger. As the land-derived leverage of male patriarchs has declined and household dependence on individual wealth stores has increased, domestic budgeting has become more contested. Household heads make case-by-case moral claims on other household members during times of grain shortage. Women and subordinate males invoke Islamic law, which accords primary provisioning responsibility to the household head, to protect their individual wealth in times of grain deficit. This article investigates the nature of these budgetary struggles, showing how individuals’ decisions to contribute individual wealth to support the household are best understood as highly situated, affected not only by the specific material conditions of the household but also the interplay of the moral, structural, and individualistic imperatives that derive from one’s position within the household. Using reconstructed livestock wealth histories for the members of fifty-four households in western Niger, this study investigates the material consequences of these struggles. Male heads of corporate households, the historic managers of the household’s land and agricultural labour, have lost wealth relative to their wives and married male subordinates since the drought of 1984.
An analysis of resistance to water flow through wheat and tall fescue leaves during pressure chamber efflux experiments

Abstract. This is a physical analysis of water movement in wheat (Triticum) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) leaves placed in the Scholander pressure chamber. It takes into account the efflux resistances of water movement through the xylem and water flow across the cell membranes. Xylem resistance was estimated using Poiseuille's law. Leaves which had been pressurized in the chamber were embedded, sectioned, examined under a light microscope and photographed. Cells were intact but distorted and xylem vessels were intact. Cells in portions of the blade squeezed by the chamber sealing grommet were crushed, but xylem vessels remained intact. By applying pressure several tenths of a megapascal in excess of the balance pressure, water was forced from each leaf through the severed end which protruded from the chamber. Efflux curves were drawn by plotting the total water expressed as a function of time after the pressure increase. Water efflux from the shortest wheat leaf lasted only 10 min while efflux from the longest continued for up to 40 min. The efflux from a tall fescue leaf which was rehydrated and cut to a shorter length was much more rapid than efflux from the original leaf. Experiments combined with mathematical analysis suggested that the effect of leaf length on efflux is related to a high resistance to water flow through vascular bundles. Xylem resistance would be sufficient to produce this effect if it were 10 times greater than that predicted by Poiseuille's law. Both the observations of water flow from the cut end of the leaf and the mathematical model suggested very little water flows from bundles with vessels of diameter less than 12 μm. The apparent explanation is high resistance to water flow through these small diameter vessels.
The Evaluation of Textile Sizes

The effect of sizing mixtures on the slubby portions of a staple yarn was determined indirectly by the application of the size to a cotton roving and subsequent testing of the roving for strength, ...
Understanding China’s Rise: The Collective Action Dimension

With China having a fortune in foreign exchange reserves and one of the mightiest economies in the world, people are wondering what kind of country China will be in the international arena. Will it be a leader or a follower, a norm-maker or a normtaker, a team player or a rogue elephant, a status quo power or a revisionist? Or will it fall somewhere between these extremes, carving out a position that is uniquely Chinese? Answers to these questions come in this impressive book by three scholars with Ph.D.s from Australian universities, one of a growing number of analyses to deal with the topic of China and global governance, one of the aspects of China’s rise. Whereas some studies deal with a single institution such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the Group of 20 and others deal with a single issue area (global economic governance, global health governance and so on), this study focuses on a wide range of issues, such as peace and security and public health, and in a way that does not sacrifice depth for breadth. The book is also impressive because it provides a unifying analytical framework that enables the authors to draw conclusions about China’s performance in different issue areas. Central to this framework is the notion of global public goods, which the authors say ‘‘are the
Myopericarditis and pericarditis in the deployed military member: a retrospective series.

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of pericarditis and myopericarditis of military members deployed to Iraq and Kuwait from 2004 through 2008. The importance of acute pericarditis and myopericarditis in the deployed military service member has resurfaced with the reintroduction of the smallpox vaccination by the U.S. Department of Defense in 2002. There are limited epidemiologic data on acute pericarditis and myopericarditis in the general population. As a primary evacuation node for cardiology patients between 2004 and 2008, the United States Military Hospital Kuwait cardiology clinic was uniquely situated to reliably extrapolate epidemiologic data for U.S. Armed Service Members serving in the Middle East. Between these years, approximately 721,600 service members served in Kuwait and Iraq. A total of 70 cases of pericarditis and 9 cases of myopericarditis were diagnosed. This yields an estimated incidence of 7.4 and 0.95 cases per 100,000 per year for pericarditis and myop...
The Cranium and Adaptations of Parapithecus grangeri, a Stem Anthropoid from the Fayum Oligocene of Egypt

Recently, I described a nearly complete cranium, DPC 18651, of an early anthropoid from the Fayum badlands of Egypt that belongs to the species Parapithecus grangeri (Simons, 2001). Apidiurn, Parapithecus, Qatrania, and Abuqatrania are three interrelated Fayum primates that all belong to the taxonomic family Parapithecidae. P. grangeri was described by (1974) and the diagnosis was recently expanded (Simons, 2001). The type species of this genus, Parapithecus fraasi, and the family Parapithecidae were originally described by (1911). The find considered here comes from the early Oligocene Fayum Quarry I and is arguably the most completely preserved cranium of any Paleogene anthropoid or anthropoidean. Many skeletal parts as well as numerous mandibles, maxillae, and some cranial fragments of Apidium phiomense have been recovered in some abundance at Fayum Quarry I, and the extent and diversity of postcranial finds of Apidium make it the most completely known of all Paleogene anthropoideans (Fleagle and Simons, 1995). In contrast to Apidium, very few postcranial elements of the less common P.grangeri have been recovered, but some postcranial bones have recently been identified and are evaluated here to present new absolute body mass estimates for this primate.
Wulfstan at London: Episcopal Politics in the Reign of Æthelred

ABSTRACTOver the past seventy-five years, scholarship on the writings of Archbishop Wulfstan of York has evolved into one of the most active sub-fields of Anglo-Saxon studies. Yet for all the attention paid to Wulfstan's accomplishments as homilist, lawmaker and statesman, the earliest phase of his career, his tenure as bishop of London from 996 to 1002, has yet to be the subject of any sustained scholarly consideration. This article re-examines the record of Wulfstan's London years in order to better understand the circumstances and significance of his first episcopate. In doing so, it considers both what this period reveals about Wulfstan's career as a Church administrator and how it influenced the development of the social vision articulated in his later writings.
Recoil distance lifetime measurements in Sm 146

Recoil-distance lifetime measurements of levels in /sup 146/Sm have been carried out using the (/sup 11/B,4n) reaction at 54 MeV on natural La targets evaporated on gold. The data were analyzed using a computer code which treats complex cascade feeding in a rigorous formalism. The following life-times have been measured (energy is in keV and spin parity are in parentheses): 1811.5(6/sup +/), 125/sub -/70/sup +140/ ps ; 2600.3(7/sup -/), 16 +- 6 ps; 2737.1(8/sup +/), 16.4 +- 6.0 ps; 2797.6(9/sup -/), 1.20/sub 0.19//sup plus-or-minus0.29/ ns; 3354.5(9/sup -/), 39/sub -/6/sup +7/ ps; 3783.5(11/sup -/), 15/sub -/5/sup +6/ ps; 4091.2(11/sup -/), 7.1/sub -1.9//sup +2.1/ ps; 4628.8(13/sup -/), 7.6/sub -2.9//sup +3.3/ ps. Lifetimes have also been measured for the 747.2(2/sup +/), 1381.2(4/sup +/), and 4461.4(12/sup -/) states but with considerably less precision. The results support the interpretation of the yrast odd-spin negative parity states (3/sup -/ through 11/sup -/) as being described by an octupole phonon coupled to the 0/sup +/ through 8/sup +/ yrast even-spin, positive-parity ''ground-state band'' states. The results for the 2/sup +/ through 8/sup +/ states are compared to calculations of the interacting Boson approximation model and cluster-vibrator model. Both models are not inconsistent with the observed transition probabilitiesmore » up to the 6/sup +/..-->..4/sup +/ transition, but fail to reproduce that for the 8/sup +/..-->..6/sup +/ transition. Our results support spin-parity arrangements of 12/sup -/ and 13/sup -/ for the 4461 and 4629 keV states, respectively.« less
Evaluating the Policy–Practice Gap in a Transitional Housing Program An Innovation in Process Evaluation

In the United States, in 2013, 610,042 people were estimated homeless in one night. Improving the effectiveness of homeless assistance programs, particularly aligning programs’ practices with their goals, is critical to serving this population. Using a theory that predicts homeless exits, this study presents an innovative, low-cost evaluation tool that can be used by a wide range of human service providers to conduct more frequent “in-house” process evaluations. The Gap Assessment of Policy and Practice (GAPP) tool streamlines process evaluations thus improving social programs. To test this tool’s effectiveness, we compared the results of a traditional process evaluation and a GAPP tool evaluation of a homeless assistance program. Both evaluations revealed a consistent disparity between program activities and expressed goals. The GAPP tool is less time intensive and provides a useful road map for structuring a process evaluation for program providers, thus increasing program impact by encouraging more fre...
Reaching Out to Stakeholders: The Georgia DOT 360-Degree Assessment Model

This article presents a novel 360-degree organization assessment model that was developed for the Georgia Department of Transportation to solicit systematic feedback on its performance from key sta...
Error-free computation with rational numbers

A method is described for doing error-free computation when the operands are rational numbers. A rational operanda/b is mapped onto the integer ¦a·b−1¦p and the arithmetic is performed inGF(p). A method is given for taking an integer result and finding its rational equivalent (the one which corresponds to the correct rational result).
OxyBS: estimation of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from tandem-treated oxidative bisulfite and bisulfite DNA.

Summary: The use of sodium bisulfite (BS) treatment followed by hybridization to an Illumina Infinium BeadChip (HumanMethylation450 and MethylationEPIC) is a common method for interrogating 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at single nucleotide resolution. However, standard treatment of DNA with BS does not allow disambiguation of 5mC from an additional cytosine modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Recently, it has been demonstrated that paired BS and oxidative bisulfite (oxBS) treatment on the same sample followed by hybridization to an Infinium microarray permits the differentiation of 5hmC from 5mC. Nevertheless, estimation of 5hmC and 5mC from tandem-treated arrays has been shown to produce irregular estimates of cytosine modifications. Results: We present a novel method using maximum likelihood estimation to accurately estimate the parameters of unmethylated cytosine (5C), 5mC and 5hmC from Infinium microarray data given the signal intensities from the oxBS and BS replicates. Availability and Implementation: OxyBS is an R package available on CRAN. Contact: Andres.Houseman@oregonstate.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Research of the electrified railway influence on the phase selector in digital protection

This paper researches the influence of electrified railway on phase selector of digital protection device of 220 kV power transmission line in power system. According to the actual parameters of a regional power system, the electric locomotive model, the phase current difference superimposed phase selector model and the sequence component phase selector model are built in PSCAD. In PSCAD simulation, the phase current difference superimposed phase selector model can correctly select the fault phase in different conditions and the sequence component phase selector model can't select the fault phase when the electric railway power is larger, so this paper reaches the conclusion that electrified railway on the phase current difference superimposed phase selector has little effect. It provides principle for installation the phase selection element in the electric railway transportation of heavy task area.
Research on Selection Model of R&D Project Portfolio with Interactions

Firstly, it cannot be used in the selection of RD project portfolio directly, because the interaction of projects is not considered in the currently used methods. Secondly, the interaction of RD projects is researched and classified into three categories. Then the mathematic description of these three kinds of interaction is given separately. In order to overcome the disadvantages of each currently used method, a 0-1 programming model is proposed where the interaction of RD projects is considered. Finally, a case is given to illustrate that the model has a promising use.
Speciation Analysis of Arsenic and Their Distribution Characteristic in Sediments of Taihu Lake by HPLC-ICP-MS

0.3 mol/L phosphoric acid and 0.1 mol/L ascorbic acid were used to extract the sediment samples following a microwave-assisted extraction procedure.2.0 mmol/L NaH2PO4/0.2 mmol/L EDTA(pH 6.0) were used as the mobile phase,to determine the concentration of As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),MMA and DMA in the extracted liquid by high performance liquid chromatography-inductiuely coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(HPLC-ICP-MS).The chromatographic peaks of 4 arsenic species are completely separated in 10 min.The linear correlations are satisfactory.The recoveries are between 94.2% and 110%.The extraction efficiency of arsenic species were 80.4%—98.7%.The results show that arsenic species in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake are mainly inorganic arsenic.And organic arsenic species are not detected.The content of As(Ⅴ) in the samples are higher than that of As(Ⅲ),which indicate that the surface sediments of Taihu Lake basically are in the oxidizing environment.In the recent 20 years,the arsenic content in the sediment of Taihu Lake had increased evidently.The arsenics were inorganic species in the vertical profiles of sediment,and there were no remarkable differences for the relative ratios of the arsenic species in each section.
A combined theoretical and experimental EXAFS study of the structure and dynamics of Au147 nanoparticles

In this study, we present a framework for characterizing the structural and thermal properties of small nanoparticle catalysts by combining precise synthesis, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We demonstrate the capability of this approach by characterizing the atomic structure and vibrational dynamics of Au147. With the combination of EXAFS spectroscopy and DFT, the synthesized Au147 nanoparticles are determined to have an icosahedral structure. A decrease in the Einstein temperature of the Au147 particles compared to their bulk value was observed and interpreted in terms of softer vibration modes of surface bonds.
Thirst and Hunger

This chapter describes how thirst and hunger originate in the body. Drinking and feeding are motivated behaviors that are essential for the maintenance of metabolism. The essential feature of motivated behavior is its goal-directedness or selectivity: the behavior continues until certain conditions are satisfied. Drinking is initiated by changes in blood salinity, blood volume, and pressure produced by lowering of body fluids. Drinking helps in maintaining body water balance. Blood salinity appears to be sensed by receptors in the lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus that respond to changes in cellular osmotic pressure. When blood salinity increases, these osmoreceptors activate brain processes that produce thirst and drinking. Drinking is also induced by changes in blood volume and pressure caused by loss of body fluids. When this occurs, renin is released from the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin II. This hormone acts on brain receptors to initiate drinking. Drinking is terminated when the fluid intake resulting from drinking rehydrates the cells and provides appropriate oral and gastric stimulation.
Growth and Current-Induced Motion of the Landau Domain Structure

We report the results of motion picture studies of the growth and the currentinduced motion of the Landau domain structure in single crystals of lead. The magnetic field is applied at an angle of about 7° to the large sample face. In the experiments we utilize the recently improved magnetooptical technique. The growth process of the Landau domain structure is studied at 4.2°K by slowly reducing the magnetic field below the critical field value. Our observations have resulted in a simple experimental procedure for growing more regular examples of that structure than previously obtained. Under the influence of an electrical transport current the Landau domain structure moves uniformly over nearly the total sample width in the direction perpendicular to the current.
The role of the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) in mixed-species feeding assemblages of seabirds in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington

Par leur comportement predateur, les C.m. favorisent la concentration des proies a la surface de l'eau, proies plus facilement accessibles alors aux autres oiseaux marins se nourrissant en surface
Antithrombin deficiency: issues in laboratory diagnosis.

○ Objective.-To review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of antithrombin deficiency and its role in congenital thrombophilia. Recommendations for diagnostic testing of antithrombin function and concentration, derived from the medical literature and consensus opinions of recognized experts in the field, are included. These recommendations specify whom, how, and when to test. Data Sources.-Review of the published medical literature. Data Extraction and Synthesis.-A summary of the medical literature and proposed testing recommendations were prepared and presented at the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in Thrombophilia. After discussion at the conference, consensus recommendations presented in this article were accepted after a two-thirds majority vote by the participants. Conclusions.-Antithrombin deficiency is an infrequent genetic abnormality that may be a significant contributing cause of thrombophilia. Antithrombin deficiency also may be observed in conjunction with other genetic or acquired risk factors. Assay of antithrombin plasma levels is appropriate in the laboratory evaluation of individuals with thrombophilia, preferably using a functional, amidolytic antithrombin assay. The diagnosis of antithrombin deficiency should be established only after other acquired causes of antithrombin deficiency, such as liver disease, consumptive coagulopathy, or heparin therapy, are excluded. A low antithrombin level should be confirmed with a subsequent assay on a fresh specimen, and family studies may be helpful to establish the diagnosis. Antigenic antithrombin assays may be of benefit in subclassification of the type of antithrombin deficiency and to confirm the decreased antithrombin level in patients with type I deficiency.
Epistemic instrumentalism and the reason to believe in accord with the evidence

Epistemic instrumentalists face a puzzle. In brief, the puzzle is that if the reason there is to believe in accord with the evidence depends, as the instrumentalist says it does, on agents’ idiosyncratic interests, then there is no reason to expect that this reason is universal. Here, I identify and explain two strategies instrumentalists have used to try and solve this puzzle. I then argue that we should find these strategies wanting. Faced with the failure of these strategies, I articulate a heretofore neglected solution on behalf of instrumentalism.
Differential effects of hydrophilic pravastatin and hydrophobic/lipophilic simvastatin on the growth of tumor cells from different organ sites.

B111 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, commonly known as statins, may possess cancer preventive and therapeutic properties. Statins are effective suppressors of cholesterol synthesis with a well-established risk-benefit ratio in cardiovascular disease prevention but little is known about their effects on cancer. Mechanistically, targeting HMGCR pathway primarily influences cholesterol biosynthesis and prenylation of signaling proteins. Pravastatin is a hydrophilic statin that is selectively taken up by sodium-independent organic anion transporter peptide-1B1 (OATP1B1) exclusively expressed in liver. Simvastatin is a hydrophobic/lipophilic statin that generally enters cells by other mechanisms. Poorly differentiated and well-differentiated cancer cell lines were selected from a variety of tissue origins and examined for their response to pravastatin and simvastatin. Simvastatin dose dependently inhibited the growth of most tumor cell lines more effectively than pravastatin. The liver specific OATP1B1 transporter facilitated responsiveness to pravastatin and was only found in the normal liver and primary hepatocytes. Primary hepatocytes were the only cells to respond significantly to hydrophilic pravastatin. Poorly-differentiated cancer cells were generally more responsive to hydrophobic/lipophilic simvastatin than well-differentiated cancer cells. The inhibition of growth was accompanied by dramatic changes in cellular morphology and distinct alterations in their mitochondrial networks in the most responsive lines. These findings should be taken into account when evaluating meta-data that neglect to take into account chemical and mechanistic properties of statins.
SOME TECHNICAL ISSUES OF AN OPTICALLY FOCUSED SMALL SPACE DEBRIS TRACKING AND CATALOGING SYSTEM

Congressional language in the 1998 US Senate Armed Services Committee authorization bill directed ‘... the Secretary of the (United States) Air Force to undertake a design study of a system that could catalog and track debris down to one centimeter in size out to 1000 kilometer in altitude.’ The US Air Force Research Laboratory, in conjunction with other US National Laboratories and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a study that examined what technical systems and operations would be required to perform such a mission. This paper outlines the study process, details the findings, draws conclusions, and makes recommendations as to what would be needed to develop an optically based system capable of cataloging and tracking small debris in low Earth orbit.
Auditory-Motor Mapping Training in a More Verbal Child with Autism.

We tested the effect of Auditory-Motor Mapping Training (AMMT), a novel, intonation-based treatment for spoken language originally developed for minimally verbal (MV) children with autism, on a more-verbal child with autism. We compared this child’s performance after 25 therapy sessions with that of (1) a child matched on age, autism severity, and expressive language level who received 25 sessions of a non-intonation-based control treatment (Speech Repetition Therapy, SRT) and (2) a matched pair of MV children (one of whom received AMMT; the other, SRT). We found a significant Time x Treatment effect in favor of AMMT for number of Syllables Correct and Consonants Correct per stimulus for both pairs of children, as well as a significant Time x Treatment effect in favor of AMMT for number of Vowels Correct per stimulus for the more-verbal pair. Magnitudes of the difference in post-treatment performance between AMMT and SRT, adjusted for Baseline differences, were (a) larger for the more-verbal pair than for the MV pair and (b) associated with very large effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1.3) in the more-verbal pair. Results hold promise for the efficacy of AMMT for improving spoken language production in more-verbal children with autism as well as their MV peers and suggest hypotheses about brain function that are testable in both correlational and causal behavioral-imaging studies.
Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Airway Anatomy: From Glottis to Segmental Bronchus

The surgical anatomy of the airways from the glottis to segmental bronchi is reviewed with a focused review on pertinent anatomic findings surrounding common surgical procedures. The knowledge of the anatomy of the trachea while performing tracheostomy, tracheal and sleeve carinal resection, and bronchoplastic procedures is addressed. Pertinent anatomic relationships as evident on common computed tomographic imagery are emphasized.
Automation of cyber-reconnaissance: A Java-based open source tool for information gathering

In this paper, we propose a tool which captures a footprint of an organization, useful for information gathering phase during penetration testing. It has been found that there is a dearth of an easy-to-access tool which would help in the first phase of such tests; Reconnaissance. This Java-based tool helps in locating and saving organization specific data. Such data repositories will help in vulnerability assessment and profiling of an organization.
Parental Mental Illness and the Transition to College: Coping, Psychological Adjustment, and Parent–Child Relationships

Although research suggests that various familial factors and the parent–child relationship are important for the adjustment to college, less is known about how a parent with a mental illness impacts the challenges that accompany the transition to college. This mixed methods study examined differences among college students (N = 196, age range 18–30 years) with and without a parent with a mental illness with regard to general psychological adjustment, college adjustment, coping, and the parent–child relationship. Participants with a parent with a mental illness experienced higher levels of depression and anxiety when compared to emerging adults without a parent with mental illness. There was a marginally significant difference in the use of coping styles between emerging adults with and without a parent with a mental illness. Furthermore, participants with a parent with a mental illness experienced higher levels of homesickness and college negative affect compared to emerging adults without a parent with mental illness. Qualitative analyses comparing freshmen with and without a parent with a mental illness showed that freshmen with a parent with mental illness were more likely to describe familial homesickness as a problem in their transition to college. Freshmen with a father with a mental illness were less likely to describe their father as a positive influence on their college adjustment when compared to freshmen without a father with a mental illness. The findings further support the importance of investigating the influence of having a parent with a mental illness on the transition to college for research and clinical practice.
Lack of validity of self-reported mammography data.

This qualitative literature review aimed to describe the totality of peer-reviewed scientific evidence from 1990 to 2017 concerning validity of self-reported mammography. This review included articles about mammography containing the words accuracy, validity, specificity, sensitivity, reliability or reproducibility; titles containing self-report, recall or patient reports, and breast or ‘mammo’; and references of identified citations focusing on evaluation of 2-year self-reports. Of 45 publications meeting the eligibility criteria, 2 conducted in 1993 and 1995 at health maintenance organisations in Western USA which primarily served highly educated whites provided support for self-reports of mammography over 2 years. Methodological concerns about validity of self-reports included (1) telescoping, (2) biased overestimates particularly among black women, (3) failure to distinguish screening and diagnostic mammography, and (4) failure to address episodic versus consistent mammography use. The current totality of evidence supports the need for research to reconsider the validity of self-reported mammography data as well as the feasibility of alternative surveillance data sources to achieve the goals of the Healthy People Initiative.
Doctoral Degree Completion: Black Women and the Role of Faculty

The purpose of the larger research study was to examine the experiences of Black women doctoral students at a Predominately White University (PWI) in the Southeastern United States (U.S.) to understand personal and institutional characteristics that influenced persistence and degree completion after completion of comprehensive and/or qualifying examinations. This paper highlights doctoral student experiences and the role of faculty for Black women doctoral students.
An alternative approach to testing of moisture susceptibility of recycled pavement materials

Abstract Recycling is one of the most sustainable methods of pavement construction. However, moisture entering through thin HMA surface layer(s) overlying recycled pavements has often caused their premature deterioration. This study was conducted to develop an alternative laboratory moisture conditioning and testing procedure for recycled layers, and recommend tests and structure to enhance the resistance against moisture damage. The study developed a unique way to utilize a dynamic moisture conditioning process to obtain a more realistic evaluation of the moisture resistance of recycled layers than the currently used static immersion tests. Instead of using samples of only recycled (Full Depth Reclaimed, FDR, with asphalt emulsion) layers, the study evaluated composite samples that are more representative of actual pavement structures. Composite samples were prepared by attaching HMA samples on top of FDR samples with tack coat. The samples were tested for permeability and modulus using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test, a nondestructive test (NDT) test. The samples were subjected to 2,000 cycles of the Moisture Induced Stress Test (MiST) and then retested for modulus. The conditioning process was able to simulate moisture damage in the composite samples, and the nondestructive test was able to detect moisture-induced damage. The samples with two HMA layers showed significantly lower loss (28%) in modulus than those with only one HMA layer with the same thickness (72%). Two layers of tack coat for the samples with the two HMA layers were more effective in reducing the ingress of water through the HMA layers into the FDR layer than the one layer of tack coat for one HMA layer samples. Use of composite samples and NDT, and the dynamic moisture conditioning process (MiST) are recommended for the design of recycled layers. The use of two separate HMA layers with intervening two tack coat layers instead of a single HMA layer with a single tack coat is recommended for the enhancement of moisture resistance of recycled pavements.
Lead Exposure in Newly Resettled Pediatric Refugees in Syracuse, NY.

Lead is a major environmental toxin that presents numerous health consequences for children. Refugee children are at a risk of lead poisoning post-resettlement due to urban housing and environmental inequalities stemming from lack of funding, legislation, and advocacy. This article addresses lead exposure upon arrival and post-resettlement in 705 refugee children (age 0–16 years) attending a university clinic in Syracuse, NY, a city with a large refugee population. 17% of the newly arrived children had elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (≥ 5 µg/dL); 10% had elevated BLL upon follow-up; 8.3% of the children’s follow-up elevated BLL were new exposures. 30% were found to have increased BLL at follow-up regardless of arrival status. An analysis of new exposures found a significant proportion of children would have been missed on routine screening that targets children < 2 years old. Primary prevention efforts are needed to prevent exposure and address risks to improve the health of all children locally, including newly resettled refugees.
Mining maritime traffic conflict trajectories from a massive AIS data

The growing volume of maritime traffic is proving a hindrance to navigational safety. Researchers have sought to improve the safety of maritime transportation by conducting statistical analysis on historical collision data in order to identify the causes of maritime collisions. However, this approach is hindered by the limited number of incidents that can be collected in a given area over a given period of time. Automatic Identification System (AIS) has made available enormous quantities of maritime traffic data. Trajectory data are collected through the electronic exchange of navigational data among ships and terrestrial and satellite base stations. Due to a massive AIS data of recording ship movement, such data provide great opportunity to discover maritime traffic knowledge of movement behavior analysis, route estimation, and the detection of anomalous behaviors. Our objective in this paper was to identify potential between-ship traffic conflicts through the discovery of AIS data. Traffic conflict refers to trajectories that could lead to a collision if the ships do not take any evasive action. In other words, conflicting trajectories can be treated as a near-collision cases for analysis. The prevention of collisions requires an efficient method by which to extract conflicting trajectories from a massive collection of AIS data. To this end, we developed a framework CCT Discovery that allows the automated identification of clusters of conflicting trajectories (CCTs) from AIS data without supervision. Experiments based on real-world data demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework in terms of accuracy and efficiency. For improvement in the navigational traffic safety, the discovered data of conflict trajectory can contribute to numerous applications, such as collision situation awareness and prediction, anti-collision behaviors modeling and recommendation, and conflict area analysis for maritime traffic flow management.
Developing a framework for urban building life cycle energy map with a focus on rapid visual inspection and image processing

Abstract The United Nations has predicted a fast pace of worldwide migration into urban areas by the year 2030 that may result in arbitrary growth of cities, leading to adverse environmental impacts and unplanned energy use. As building sector consumes more energy compared to other sectors, understanding urban building energy use is critical to aid in energy reduction goals. This research introduces visual inspection and image processing as methods for compiling building inventory needed for future building energy modelling efforts. A preliminary urban building life cycle energy map for a case study of commercial buildings that contains embodied energy and operating energy as different layers is presented. The map will provide policy makers with insights on different temporal stages of energy consumption in buildings at the urban scale.
ACTing As Yourself: Implementing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Transgender Adolescents Through a Developmental Lens

Transgender adolescents are at an increased risk for mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, and truancy. Transgender youth are especially vulnerab...
Targeted killing of virulent Vibrio cholerae.

Plasmids coding for a toxin gene that is only expressed in the presence of a virulence-associated transcription factor lead to the killing of only the virulent form of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae in a mixed bacterial population.
The Need for Palliative Care in Pharmacy Education

There is a growing need for palliative care pharmacists in the United States. There is also a gap in the education of palliative care for pharmacy students. To address both, pharmacy schools must develop and disseminate palliative care-focused experiences, including traditional didactic lectures, problem-based learning, interactive skills, laboratory- and web-based experiences. This commentary presents the need for palliative care-focused experiences in the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree program, and how schools can take smaller steps to tackle this issue.
Replies and Clarifications

I wish to express my gratitude to the authors of the foregoing essays for the impressive skill and care that they have expended on my work. They have done so well that I have not surprisingly found it impossible to deal adequately with all that they have said in the space available to me in the present volume. Thus while I have done my best to focus on the most important and potentially telling criticisms, there are some valuable points which have been omitted from the present discussion and others with regard to which I have been unable to do much more than suggest a line of response, postponing more detailed consideration and argument to other occasions. I have also confined myself entirely to discussions directed explicitly at my views, which has meant ignoring much that is of interest in the essays in the other sections of the present volume. To make things a bit less chaotic for the reader, I have adopted the organizing principle of dealing with topics in roughly the same order in which the corresponding discussions occur in The Structure of Empirical Knowledge 1 (hereafter SEK).
Integrating ab initio and template-based algorithms for protein–protein complex structure prediction

Motivation Template-based and template-free methods have both been widely used in predicting the structures of protein-protein complexes. Template-based modeling is effective when a reliable template is available, while template-free methods are required for predicting the binding modes or interfaces that have not been previously observed. Our goal is to combine the two methods to improve computational protein-protein complex structure prediction. Results Here, we present a method to identify and combine high-confidence predictions of a template-based method (SPRING) with a template-free method (ZDOCK). Cross-validated using the protein-protein docking benchmark version 5.0, our method (ZING) achieved a success rate of 68.2%, outperforming SPRING and ZDOCK, with success rates of 52.1% and 35.9% respectively, when the top 10 predictions were considered per test case. In conclusion, a statistics-based method that evaluates and integrates predictions from template-based and template-free methods is more successful than either method independently. Availability and implementation ZING is available for download as a Github repository (https://github.com/weng-lab/ZING.git). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dispersibility and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol–coated magnetic nanoparticles in poly(glycerol sebacate) for biomedical applications

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) often require surface modification to improve their dispersion in other materials for biomedical applications. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a low-cost, water-soluble polymer that has been reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable. In this study, we investigated the properties of MNPs coated with different weight percentages of PVA (i.e., 0%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) in a one-pot synthesis, to determine the ideal weight percentage of PVA needed to achieve the best dispersion of MNPs in a model polymer matrix such as poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS). The results showed that PVA was successfully coated onto the surface of MNPs, and all the MNPs with 0 to 30% nominal PVA exhibited spherical shape and similar crystallinity and superparamagnetism. The average diameter of PVA-coated MNPs was 8 ± 2 nm for 0, 3, 5, and 10% PVA-coated groups, but was slightly smaller for 20% and 30% groups with a respective diameter of 7 ± 2 nm and 6 ± 2 nm. The X-ray diffraction also confirmed that the particle sizes for 20% and 30% groups were slightly smaller than those of the other groups. When the MNPs were dispersed in the same PGS matrix and the weight percentages of PVA coating increased, less agglomerates of MNPs were observed and greater optical transmittance was achieved, indicating better dispersion. Overall, 30 wt.% of PVA coating used in MNP synthesis improved homogeneous dispersion of MNPs in a polymer matrix and reduced agglomeration. The effects of PVA content on the synthesized MNPs and the dispersion of MNPs reported in this study could be valuable for different applications when homogeneous dispersion of MNPs in a polymer matrix is desired.
Measuring Drug Use Among Drivers: How Accurate Is Self-Reported Use?

Objective:There has been considerable work validating self-reported drug use with bioassays, but these studies have not been conducted with respondents on the roadway. The objective of this study w...