cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lisa Jardine: A Life in the Margins

This chapter records part of the history of Lisa Jardine’s pathbreaking work on Renaissance marginalia and the readers who made them. It is also meant to enable readers who did not have the chance to collaborate with Lisa to witness Lisa at work, and to grasp why joining her in a project had a transformative effect on senior as well as junior scholars. In the 1970s, Jardine and Grafton agreed that the explication of texts formed the core of classroom activity in the sixteenth century: this shared sense led to their joint work on From Humanism to the Humanities. They became experienced at writing together, and over time in the 1970s and 1980s, as they continued to discuss the state of intellectual history, they came into contact with the new history of books being created by Robert Darnton, Roger Chartier and others. Conversations with Darnton prompted them to examine books from Gideon Harvey’s personal library held in Princeton, and by doing so they discovered the intellectual and tactile experience of reading in a prior age. Together they learned not only to see how Harvey interpreted individual books, but also to situate him as an example of a category that modern scholarship had forgotten, the professional reader. His marginalia revealed much about the material conditions in which he worked. They also showed that he had served as an intellectual facilitator, who guided his contemporaries’ interaction between ancient texts and their political present. He stressed that they had deliberately avoided the erudite tradition of philological analysis in favor of a thoughtful hermeneutics meant to draw practical lessons for the present from the past. Jardine’s and Grafton’s arguments, soon published, inspired both objections and applications (more of the latter than of the former), and their joint article on Harvey became a standard reference for historians of books and reading. Over the years, they modified many of their initial conclusions. They also became aware that Harvey’s books had not been open to all: they were able to work on these extraordinary documents not just because that they had been preserved and donated to Princeton but because they (Jardine and Grafton) had the rarefied credentials to view them. So keenly aware of this contingency was Jardine that she worked to end it with efforts to digitalize Harvey’s work, among others. These eventuated in the Archeology of Reading project that she undertook in collaboration with Earle Havens at Johns Hopkins and her colleagues at CELL, and which has now made a substantial number of books annotated by Harvey and John Dee available on line, with searchable transcriptions and translations. This is just one instance, among many, where an idea that took root in Lisa’s scholarship grew to bear fruit for what her subjects would have called the Republic of Letters.
Progress on diagnosis and treatment of first branchial cleft anomalies

First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA) are a very rare entities accounting for less than 1%-8% of all branchial cleft malformations. The presentation can be either sinus, cyst or fistula depending on the incomplete embryological development. FBCA are usually misdiagnosed leading to recurrences and high risk of iatrogenic facial nerve injury during subsequent surgery. High index of suspicion is required to diagnose them during first presentation. This paper summary the latest progress on embryology, anatomy, clinical manifestation, and treatment of FBCA in recent years. Key words: first branchial cleft anamolies; Diagnosis; Treatment
Sustaining an authentic community partnership through the Fort St. Joseph archaeological project

When community partners authorize investigations and interpretations of heritage sites, there is an increased likelihood that the needs and desires of various stakeholders will diverge. Further com...
Escitalopram Induced Torsade de Pointes and Cardiac Arrest in a Patient With Surgically Treated Mitral Valve Prolapse.

A 54-year-old female, with a history of prosthetic mitral valve replacement due to mitral valve prolapse one year prior, was admitted after suffering a cardiopulmonary arrest. Her initial rhythm demonstrated Torsade de Pointes with the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showing a prolonged QT interval. Laboratory test results were normal including potassium and magnesium serum levels, and imaging did not show significant abnormalities. A review of patients' medicines showed that the patient started taking escitalopram one month prior to the presentation for major depressive disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely prescribed and continue to be a mainstay of treatment for multiple psychiatric conditions. It is important to keep the potential cardiovascular side effects of SSRIs in mind when prescribing. Consideration of underlying cardiac conditions is vital to decrease the likelihood of poor outcomes.
Metabolic Regulation of Tendon Inflammation and Healing Following Injury

This review seeks to provide an overview of the role of inflammation and metabolism in tendon cell function, tendinopathy, and tendon healing. We have summarized the state of knowledge in both tendon and enthesis. Recent advances in the field include a substantial improvement in our understanding of tendon cell biology, including the heterogeneity of the tenocyte environment during homeostasis, the diversity of the cellular milieu during in vivo tendon healing, and the effects of inflammation and altered metabolism on tendon cell function in vitro. In addition, the mechanisms by which altered systemic metabolism, such as diabetes, disrupts tendon homeostasis continue to be better understood. A central conclusion of this review is the critical need to better define fundamental cellular and signaling mechanisms of inflammation and metabolism during tendon homeostasis, tendinopathy, and tendon healing in order to identify therapies to enhance or maintain tendon function.
Standards developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology for performance evaluation of optical medical imaging devices

Performances of optical medical devices determine diagnosis and therapy quality. I will overview NIST-developed standards for evaluating imaging techniques: diffuse optical imaging, optical coherence tomography, and photoacoustic microscopy.
A simple nonparametric approach to estimating the distribution of random coefficients in structural models

Abstract We explore least squares and likelihood nonparametric mixtures estimators of the joint distribution of random coefficients in structural models. The estimators fix a grid of heterogeneous parameters and estimate only the weights on the grid points, an approach that is computationally attractive compared to alternative nonparametric estimators. We provide conditions under which the estimated distribution function converges to the true distribution in the weak topology on the space of distributions. We verify most of the consistency conditions for three discrete choice models. We also derive the convergence rates of the least squares nonparametric mixtures estimator under additional restrictions. We perform a Monte Carlo study on a dynamic programming model.
Stroke and the statistics of the aspirin/clopidogrel secondary prevention trials.

Purpose of reviewFour randomized trials have investigated the combination of clopidogrel plus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular outcomes in 54 949 patients. Here we argue that attempts to translate the results of these trials into clinical practice have proven frustrating because of the f
Political Science in the Apolitical Classroom

As political science professors we are also all political science teachers and this can be problematic in more ways than one. Teaching something as controversial as politics can be difficult, but ironically one would think that it would at least make it interesting, but in many cases, students seem think the exact opposite. The real threat in any classroom, but especially a political science one, is apathy (and its close cousin ignorance). In this paper, I will look at ways to reduce both political ignorance and apathy by making political science and politics in general more interesting for the students.
Artifact rejection for improving the performance of evoked potential neural network classifiers

ABSTRACT This paper is aimed at Improving, through artifact rejection, the performance of neural network evoked potential (EP) classifiers designed to detect match/mismatch conditions. Acluster analysis approach is formulated to identify artifacts that occur In the signals used for training the neural network classifiers. The clustering based artifact detection algorithm uses a distance measure resulting from a non-linear alignment procedure designedto optimally align EP signals. Match and mismatch EPa collected for network traitthg are clustered and the identified artifact signals are excluded from the training set. Artifacts that occur during testing are also identified and rejected by Including an additional outputIn the neural net classifier for the artifact class. Prellininaly experiments conducted showsignificant Improvements In classification accuracy when the proposed artifact rejection methods are incorporated in the training and testing phases of a neural network EP classifier.
How does the Bond Market Perceive Government Interventions

The ongoing threat of the U.S. public sector sliding over the 'fiscal cliff' urges financial economists to better understand the foundations for how government spending affects the real economy and financial markets. This paper is the first study to document that uncertainty about future government spending is a first-order risk factor in the bond market, leading to rising real and nominal interest rates, a steeper term spread, an increase in bond market volatility and bond premia. We study an equilibrium asset pricing model with a forward-looking representative agent and a forward-looking government to shed light on these empirical facts.
Transition probabilities and radial overlap for the hydrogen atom and the algebra of O(3,2)

Abstract The transition probabilities of the non-relativistic hydrogen atom are related to radial function overlap using the Lie algebra generators of O(3,2).
Fate of sex hormones in two pilot-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants: conventional treatment.

Abstract The fate of seven sex hormones (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) was determined in two pilot-scale wastewater treatment plants operated under conventional loading conditions. The levels of hormones in both the liquid and the solid matrixes of the plants were determined. Each of the two 20-l/h pilot-scale plants consisted of a primary clarifier followed by a three-stage aeration tank and a final clarifier. The primary sludge and the waste activated sludge (WAS) were digested anaerobically in one pilot plant and aerobically in the other. The pilot plants were fed a complex synthetic wastewater spiked with the hormones. Levels of testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone were close to method detection limit (MDL) concentrations in the final and digester effluents (both liquid and solid phases) and were considered as completely removed. Average mass flux removals from the liquid streams (plant influent minus secondary clarifier effluent) for the natural estrogens were 82% for E1, 99% for E2, and 89% for (E1 + E2). An average overall removal of only 42% was achieved for EE2. These values reflect removals averaged for the two pilot plants.
COMMENT ON VUB FROM EXCLUSIVE SEMILEPTONIC B AND D DECAYS

Abstract The prospects for determining |Vub| from exclusive B semileptonic decay are discussed. The double ratio of form factors (f (B→ρ) /f (B→K ∗ ) )/(f (D→ρ) /f (D→K ∗ ) ) is calculated using chiral perturbation theory. Its deviation from unity due to contributions that are non-analytic in the symmetry breaking parameters is very small. Combining experimental data obtainable from B→ρ l ν l , B→K ∗ l l and D→ρ l ν l can lead to a model independent determination of |Vub| with an uncertainty from theory of about 10%.
Ocular surface upregulation of intercellular adhesive molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by local interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the rat.

Inflammatory mediators such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are known to induce the expression of class IIHLA (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells. The coexpression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated ocular disease. We investigated the expression of ICAM-1 on the ocular surface of the rat eye following subconjunctival administration of IFN-γ. A dose response study was performed using 100, 1,000 and 10,000 IU IFN-γ/dose. The presence of ICAM-1 was determined using a standard immuno-peroxidase staining technique. The cornea, limbus, and conjunctiva were evaluated. The degree of reaction product in each area was graded by a masked observer. We found constitutive expression of ICAM-1 on the conjunctiva but not on the cornea. There was a significant relationship between the dose of IFN-γ and the intensity of ICAM-1 staining on the conjunctiva (p ⩽ 0.05) and on the limbus (p ⩽ 0.04). Subconjunctival...
Larval feeding behaviour of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

The effects of dietary components on the feeding behaviour of first instar cabbage looper larvae were studied by means of a two-choice experimental technique. Larval feeding was stimulated by proteins, sugars, wheat germ oil, and inorganic salts. Ascorbic acid and cellulose deterred larval feeding. Of the proteins tested, casein was the best feeding stimulant. The order of effectiveness of sugars as feeding stimulants was: sucrose>fructose >dextrose. The response threshold to sucrose was found to be 5 × 10−5 M. The phospholipid fraction of wheat germ oil stimulated larval feeding, and of the purified phospholipids tested, only the plant lecithins were found to be feeding stimulants. Wesson inorganic salt mixture stimulated feeding when incorporated in the complex meridic diet, but not when in the absence of other nutrients. The salt mixture was found to synergize the stimulatory effect of wheat germ oil. The synergism was shown to be attributable to the feeding stimulation produced by the combination of potassium ions and the neutral lipid fraction of wheat germ oil. The optimal concentration of potassium was found to be 0·1 M, and the synergistic effect was reduced when the anion was dihydrogen phosphate.
Pyroclast/snow interactions and thermally driven slurry formation. Part 2: Experiments and theoretical extension to polydisperse tephra

Erosion of snow by pyroclastic flows and surges presumably involves mechanical scour, but there may be thermally driven phenomena involved as well. To investigate this possibility, layers of hot (up to 400 OC), uniformly sized, fine- to medium-grained sand were emplaced vertically onto finely shaved ice ("snow7'); thus there was no relative shear motion between sand and snow and no purely mechanical scour. In some cases large vapor bubbles, commonly more than 10 mm across, rose through the sand layer, burst at the surface, and caused complete convective overturn of the sand, which then scoured and mixed with snow and transformed into a slurry. In other cases no bubbling occurred and the sand passively melted its way downward into the snow as a wetting front moved upward into the sand. A continuum of behaviors between these two cases was observed. Vig- orous bubbling and convection were generally favored by high temperature, small grain size, and small layer thickness. A physically based theory of heat- and mass transfer at the pyroclast/snow interface, developed in Part 1 of this paper, does a good job of explaining the observations as a manifestation of unstable vapor- driven fluidization. The theory, when extrapolated to the behavior of actual, poorly sorted pyroclastic flow sediments, leads to the prediction that the observed "thermal-scour" phenomenon should also occur for many real pyroclastic flows passing over snow. "Ther- mal scour" is therefore likely to be involved in the generation of lahars.
Driven Morse oscillator: Classical chaos and quantum theory for two-frequency excitation.

We extend our previous comparison of classical and quantum theories for the excitation and dissociation of a sinusoidally driven Morse oscillator (Phys. Rev. A 37, 796 (1988)) to the case of two-frequency driving. In both the classical and quantum theories the total threshold intensity for dissociation can be considerably smaller in the two-frequency case. This is consistent with results obtained with more artificial models of laser-driven molecular systems, and we provide an approximate resonance-overlap analysis to explain this trend. We also compare results obtained with adiabatic and sudden turn-on of the applied field, and comment on the use of absorbing boundaries for the computational identification of dissociation or ionization.
An experimental exploration of route choice: Identifying drivers choices and choice patterns, and capturing network evolution

Driver route choice is typically modeled using mathematical programming approaches that assume that drivers choose their routes to minimize some objective function, and assume that drivers have perfect, or close to perfect, knowledge of their choice set, as well as the travel characteristics associated with each of the choice elements. It is, however, well documented in human psychological behavior that human perceptions are often different from actual reality, and that humans tend to minimize their cognitive efforts, and follow simple heuristics to reach their decisions; especially under uncertainty and time constraints. With this in mind, unlike most route choice research that is primarily focused on the end result of the route choice task, this research effort traces the evolution of route choices with driving experience and network knowledge. The research presented in this paper monitors and traces actual human route choice, and demonstrates that (a) drivers' route choice evolution varies; while some drivers do not evaluate the various alternative routes others do not decide on a specific route, (b) although there appears to be possible evidence to conclude that drivers learn the network conditions by experience, it appears that drivers perceptions over estimate the benefits, (c) drivers' route choice behavior differs between different driver groups, and (d) soliciting drivers' route choice based on observing choices over a period of time with reasonable accuracy is possible.
Uniform distribution and Hardy fields

Under certain regularity conditions on the growth at infinity of a real functionf (belonging to some Hardy field), asymptotic distribution modulo 1 of the values off is studied. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions (in terms of the extent to whichf can be approximated by rational polynomals) are provided for the sequence {f(n)} n≥1 to be uniformly distributed or dense modulo 1.
Spectral responsivity of the white–black channel

Three subjects viewed, foveally and monocularly, a monochromatic test field of 0.6-deg diameter that was surrounded by a white annulus of 0.6-deg inner diameter and 4.5-deg outer diameter. The wavelength of the central test field was varied in steps of 10 nm from 440 to 640 nm, and its luminance was set to 100 Td. Center and surround were flashed together for 2 sec every 4 sec. The subjects adjusted the luminance of the surround so that the central field was perceived as having equal amounts of whiteness and blackness. The luminance of the surround required for this balance point varied with the wavelength of the test field in a manner that closely resembled a heterochromatic brightness matching function obtained under similar conditions. Control experiments ruled out the possibility that the subjects were making brightness matches between center and surround fields. Additional evidence was provided suggesting that the spectral responsivity of the putative white–black channel is best represented by a photopic spectral sensitivity curve based on equal brightness.
International differences in saving rates and the life cycle hypothesis

This paper demonstrates that life cycle and demographic variables explain about two-thirds of the observed variation in the saving rates of OECD nations during the 1970s. They explain more of the variation in the household than the national saving rate, and much more when the sample is weighted by population than when it is not. Finally, the study demonstrates that the labor force participation rate of the working age population is an important determinant of the aggregate saving rate.
A Survey of Capstone Engineering Courses in North America

Senior project or Capstone-type courses have existed at engineering schools for many years. Capstone courses provide student engineers the opportunity to solve real-world engineering projects, and have been highly regarded as important learning activities. A survey of Capstone courses in engineering departments throughout North America was conducted in order to understand current practices in Capstone education. This study was conducted for presentation at the 1994 Advances in Capstone Education Conference, held at Brigham Young University, which brought together engineering educators interested in improving Capstone experiences. This conference was sponsored by ASEE, ASME, SME, and NSF. Response to the study was very high, with 360 departments from 173 schools responding to the survey. Survey results were categorized into five major areas of interest: Profile of the Respondents, Course Description Information, Faculty Involvement in Capstone Education, Project Information, and Industrial Involvement in Capstone Education. Graphs provide the results of responses to survey questions.
The reaction of aldehyde enol silyl ethers with lead(IV) acetate

Abstract The treatment of aldehyde enol silyl ethers 1 with lead(IV) acetate (LTA) using methylene chloride as solvent gives rise to the production of ⇌-acetoxy aldehydes 2 and glycolic ester derivatives 3 or enals 5 . Structural variations in 1 are used to explain the divergent trends. When 1 is treated with LTA/KOAc/AcOH, high yields of the corresponding ⇌-acetoxy aldehydes 2 are obtained with the formation of 3 and 5 being subverted.
Detection of c-sis transcripts and synthesis of PDGF-like proteins by human osteosarcoma cells

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been previously shown to be homologous to the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus (v-sis), and inappropriate expression of the cellular counterpart of the v-sis gene (c-sis) has been implicated in the generation of mesenchymal tumors. The U-2 OS human osteosarcoma line was shown to contain multiple c-sis transcripts. Immunoprecipitation experiments with antiserum to PDGF identified a variety of polypeptides ranging in size from 18,000 to 165,000 daltons that were immunoprecipitated specifically from U-2 OS cell extracts. The osteosarcoma also was shown to secrete a 29,000-dalton protein having the serological and structural characteristics of PDGF.
A Problem-Solving Approach to Teaching Operant Conditioning.

Psychology students frequently have misconceptions of basic concepts in operant conditioning. Prior classroom observations revealed that most students defined positive reinforcement as reward and e...
Successful subdural anesthesia for cesarean section and postoperative pain management.

Summary Subdural catheterization is a well described, but uncommon complication of attempted epidural block. Aspiration of blood or cerebrospinal fluid and use of a test dose can help identify venous or subarachnoid catheter placement but do not rule out subdural catheter placement. An unexpected high level of sensory block with relative sparing of lower extremity motor function is a consistent feature of subdural block. This report describes the early identification of subdural placement of a catheter intended for the epidural space. We present radiologic confirmation of the catheter's location, and describe its use to provide successful anesthesia for cesarean section and postoperative analgesia.
Abstract 1595: Phosphomimetic mutation of hnRNP A1 inhibits AKT-dependent IRES function and results in mTOR inhibitor sensitivity

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The relative activity of the Akt kinase has been demonstrated to be a major determinant of sensitivity of tumor cells to mTOR inhibitors. Our previous studies have shown that the multifunctional RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 regulates a salvage pathway which facilitates IRES-dependent mRNA translation of critical cellular determinants in an Akt-dependent manner following mTOR inhibitor exposure. This salvage pathway functions by stimulating IRES-dependent translation in cells with relatively quiescent Akt resulting in resistance to rapamycin. However, the pathway is repressed in cells with elevated Akt activity rendering cells sensitive to rapamycin induced G1 arrest as a result of the inhibition of global eIF-4E-mediated translation. Akt phosphorylation of hnRNP A1 at serine 199 has been demonstrated to inhibit IRES-mediated translation initiation. Here we describe a phosphomimetic mutant of hnRNP A1 (S199E) which binds both the cyclin D1 and c-MYC IRES RNAs in vitro and results in inhibition of IRES function in dicistronic mRNA reporter assays. Utilizing cells in which Akt is conditionally active, we demonstrate that overexpression of this mutant renders quiescent Akt-containing cells sensitive to rapamycin in vitro and in xenografts. We also demonstrate that activated Akt is strongly correlated with elevated phospho- ser199-hnRNP A1 levels in a panel of 22 glioblastomas. These data demonstrate that the phosphorylation status of hnRNP A1 ser199 regulates the Akt-dependent sensitivity of cells to rapamycin and may have utility as a surrogate biomarker to stratify those tumors which may be most sensitive to mTOR inhibitor therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1595.
Establishing Reliability Goals for Naval Major‐Caliber Ammunition

Abstract : In this study, we describe a decision process for establishing the threshold reliabilities for components of naval major caliber ammunition. A measure of reliability performance is described which relates directly to the weapons system's performance in a naval gunfire support environment. We use a simulation model to establish this relationship, a regression metamodel to estimate its parameters, and a simple decision process to specify component reliability thresholds which ensure that the ammunition is mission effective. We present this paper as an example of the integration of discrete event dynamic system analysis within a decision process.
Influence of Dress on Perception of Intelligence and Scholastic Achievement in Urban Schools with Minority Populations

Photographs of five clothing styles were manipulated in this investigation of perceived behavior, academic potential and intelligence of high school students. Teacher and student subjects from thre...
Observations of whispering gallery modes in asymmetric optical resonators with rational caustics

We investigate experimentally and numerically resonant whispering gallery modes of billiard-type optical resonators with rational caustics. Measurements observe distinct families and asymmetric emission; simulations highlight novel inner higher-periodic orbits for microcavity laser and CQED applications.
Association of Respiratory Tract Colonization with Adherence of Gram-Negative Bacilli to Epithelial Cells

Factors that promote oropharyngeal colonization of seriously ill patients with gramnegative bacilli are as yet poorly understood. In this investigation, 34 subjects who required intensive care were studied; 18 (53%) were colonized with gram-negative bacilli. Oropharyngeal epithelial cells of all colonized patients contained adherent bacilli. Fewer a-hemolytic streptococci but greater numbers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (P ~ 0.01) adhered in vitro to buccal epithelial cells from colonized patients than to cells from noncolonized patients. Adherence of bacilli to buccal cells was inhibited in vitro by concanavalin A but not by bovine serum albumin or phytohemagglutinin. Brief exposure of buccal cells to trypsin increased adherence of bacilli. Prior adherence of one species of bacilli inhibited subsequent adherence of a second species. These findings suggested that epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract contain binding sites for gram-negative bacilli. Factors associated with serious illness appear to increase the availability of these binding sites, thus facilitating colonization of the upper respiratory tract with gram-negative bacilli. Pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli remains a significant threat to seriously ill patients. The event that initiates these infections appears to be colonization of the respiratory tract by gram-negative bacilli; in one study, pneumonia occurred in 23% of colonized patients as compared with 3% of noncolonized patients, and prior colonization by bacilli was demonstrated in 91% of patients who developed nosocomial pneumonia [1]. Attempts to prevent colonization by bacilli of the respiratory tracts of seriously ill patients by enforcing rigid aseptic techniques of airway management [2] or by instillation of antimicrobial
The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and phenobarbital in prek1ndled and kindled cortical seizures

Abstract The effects of various doses of diazepam (0.5–4 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (15–60 mg/kg) were determined on prekindled (focal) and kindled (generalized) cortical seizures in the same rats. Only high sedating doses of diazepam or phenobarbital reduced the elicited afterdischarge duration (ADD) and behavioral response in the prekindled focal cortical seizure. Against the kindled seizure, both diazepam and phenobarbital showed a marked and statistically significant increase in effectiveness in all but the smallest doses tested. The ADD of the kindled cortical seizures was reduced to prekindled lengths by diazepam (1–4 mg/kg) or phenobarbital (30–60 mg/kg). The increased anticonvulsant effectiveness found in this study is similar to previous findings with diazepam and phenobarbital against prekindled and kindled amygdaloid seizures, but stands in contrast to findings with prekindled and kindled pentylenetetrazol seizures.
Improvement of Anther Culture in Nicotiana: Media, Cultural Conditions and Flow Cytometric Determination of Ploidy Levels

Summary Maximum embryogenesis was observed in N. paniculate when anthers, excised from flower buds with petals just emerging from out of the calyx, were inoculated on a double layer medium (Johansson et al., 1982) and chill-treated at 7°C for a week prior to culture. The resulting micropropagules were multiplied on a shoot proliferating medium containing charcoal before rooting and subsequent transfer to pots in the greenhouse. Similar results were obtained in N. sylvestris by using the components of A medium (Kasperbauer and Wilson, 1979) in a double layer. Three hundred lux of light proved optimum for embryogenesis. A flow cytometric procedure is presented for fast and accurate determination of ploidy status in anther derived plants.
Impact parameters and absorbed Regge poles in inclusive reactions

An impact-parameter representation for inclusive reactions in the fragmentation region is derived. This representation is used to calculate s- channel unitarity (absorptive) effects, by generalizing the methods which have proved successful in two-body reactions. The resulting procedure is also derived directly, using the technique of eikonal field theory. A general formula is given for absorptive corrections to triple-Regge models. The formula is applied to the reaction $gamma$p $Yields$ $pi$/sup plus-or-minus/X, and predicts a turnover in Edsigma/d$sup 3$p at p/sub perpendicular/ $sup 2$ approximately-less- than 0.015 GeV$sup 2$, in contradiction to previous calculations with or without absorption. Direct arguments against the previous calculations are also presented. (AIP)
Molecular dynamics simulation studies of a protein–RNA complex with a selectively modified binding interface

The RNA recognition motif (RRM) is one of the most common RNA binding domains. We have investigated the contribution of three highly conserved aromatic amino acids to RNA binding by the N-terminal RRM of the U1A protein. Recently, we synthesized a modified base (A-4CPh) in which a phenyl group is tethered to adenine using a linker of 4 methylene groups. The substitution of this base for adenine in the target RNA selectively stabilizes the complex formed with a U1A protein in which one of the conserved aromatic amino acids is replaced with Ala (Phe56Ala). In this article, we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that probe the structural consequences of the substitution of A-4CPh for adenine in the wild type and Phe56Ala U1A–RNA complexes and in the free RNA. The simulations suggest that A-4CPh stabilizes the complex formed with Phe56Ala by adopting a folded conformation in which the tethered phenyl group fills the site occupied by the phenyl group of Phe56 in the wild-type complex. In contrast, an extended conformation of A-4CPh is predicted to be most stable in the complex formed with the wild-type protein. The calculations indicate A-4CPh is in an extended conformation in the free RNA. Therefore, preorganizing the structure of the phenyl-tethered base for binding may improve both the affinity and specificity of the RNA containing A-4CPh for the Phe56Ala U1A protein. Taken together, the previous experimental work and the calculations reported here suggest a general design strategy for altering RRM–RNA complex stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 256–269, 2006 This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Sequence-specific cleavage of DNA by oligonucleotide-bound metal complexes

2,6-Dicarboxypyridine (DCP) and N,N-bu(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) ligands were synthesized and attachedvia ethylene groups to the 5'-ends of 12-base oligonucleotides. The base-sequence of the oligonucleotide probes were chosen to be 5'-T-C-G-C-C-T-T-G-C-A-G-C-3', which is complementary to a 12-base sequence in pUC9 plasmid DNA. When hybridized to a denatured BamHI/PvuI restriction fragment of pUC9 in the presence of Fe 2+ , oxygen, and a reducing agent, these probes afforded specific cleavage at their complementary sequences in the 135-base-pair template
Fully conformal FSS via rapid 3D prototyping

Prototype fabrication of microwave antennae and metamaterials has been dominated by planar manufacturing techniques, complicating experimental validation of designs that utilize more than two dimensions. This paper introduces a methodology that enables the rapid fabrication of electromagnetic prototypes with complex surfaces. As an example, a conformal frequency selective surface is presented in the form of a paraboloid patterned with an array of cross loop features. Experiments confirm the surface exhibits a stop band at 12.5 GHz, achieving a 30dB drop in power transmission.
Contribution of the mu loop to the structure and function of rat glutathione transferase M1-1.

The “mu loop,” an 11-residue loop spanning amino acid residues 33–43, is a characteristic structural feature of the mu class of glutathione transferases. To assess the contribution of the mu loop to the structure and function of rat GST M1-1, amino acid residues 35–44 (35GDAPDYDRSQ44) were excised by deletion mutagenesis, resulting in the “Deletion Enzyme.” Kinetic studies reveal that the Km values of the Deletion Enzyme are markedly increased compared with those of the wild-type enzyme: 32-fold for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 99-fold for glutathione, and 880-fold for monobromobimane, while the Vmax value for each substrate is increased only modestly. Results from experiments probing the structure of the Deletion Enzyme, in comparison with that of the wild-type enzyme, suggest that the secondary and quaternary structures have not been appreciably perturbed. Thermostability studies indicate that the Deletion Enzyme is as stable as the wild-type enzyme at 4°C and 10°C, but it rapidly loses activity at 25°C, unlike the wild-type enzyme. In the temperature range of 4°C through 25°C, the loss of activity of the Deletion Enzyme is not the result of a change in its structure, as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. Collectively, these results indicate that the mu loop is not essential for GST M1-1 to maintain its structure nor is it required for the enzyme to retain some catalytic activity. However, it is an important determinant of the enzyme's affinity for its substrates.
Measurement, Prediction, and Training of Harmonic Audiation and Performance Skills

The main purposes of this study were to test music majors' abilities to harmonize notated melodies and recorded melodies with chord symbols, and to perform harmonic accompaniments to recorded melodies; measure the effectiveness of a harmonic audiation and performance training program; and measure the predictive power of eight independent variables on harmonic audiation and performance skills. Six subtests were administered in a pre-post design to 45 instrumental music education majors, 22 of whom received training via the taped training program in the interim. The results suggested that the training program was effective in improving subjects' abilities to harmonize simple melodic patterns; that melodic echo-playing ability was highly correlated with and predictive of harmonic audiation and performance; that keyboard study had particularly weak relationships with harmonic audiation and performance; and that subjects were much better able to represent harmony implied by notated melodies than to represent o...
A sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based assay for quantitation of amino-containing moieties in lipid A

A novel sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based assay was developed for the quantitation of aminosugars, including 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose (glucosamine, GlcN), 2-amino-2-deoxygalactose (galactosamine, GalN), and 4-amino-4-deoxyarabinose (aminoarabinose, AraN), and for ethanolamine (EtN), present in lipid A. This assay enables the identification and quantitation of all amino-containing moieties present in lipopolysaccharide or lipid A from a single sample. The method was applied to the analysis of lipid A (endotoxin) isolated from a variety of biosynthetic and regulatory mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida. Lipid A is treated with trifluoroacetic acid to liberate and deacetylate individual aminosugars and mass tagged with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, which reacts with primary and secondary amines. The derivatives are separated using reversed-phase chromatography and analyzed using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect quantities as small as 20 fmol. GalN was detected only in Francisella and AraN only in Salmonella, while GlcN was detected in lipid A samples from both species of bacteria. Additionally, we found an approximately 10-fold increase in the level of AraN in lipid A isolated from Salmonella grown in magnesium-limited versus magnesium-replete conditions. Salmonella with defined mutations in lipid A synthesis and regulatory genes were used to further validate the assay. Salmonella with null mutations in the phoP, pmrE, and prmF genes were unable to add AraN to their lipid A, while Salmonella with constitutively active phoP and pmrA exhibited AraN modification of lipid A even in the normally repressive magnesium-replete growth condition. The described assay produces excellent repeatability and reproducibility for the detection of amino-containing moieties in lipid A from a variety of bacterial sources.
Preventing renal disease progression: can complete renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade work?

In view of the risks of complete blockade of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone pathway, more data from clinical trials are needed before the general medical community widely applies this strategy to prevent progressive chronic kidney disease.
A policy-driven approach to access control in future internet name resolution services

The lack of access control and regulation in the current Internet has resulted in many security and privacy problems. To prevent unauthorized access to protected information, integrating access control into future Internet design is crucial. In this paper, a suite of access control mechanisms that are well-suited for the mobile Internet are introduced. We employ a representative future Internet architecture that is currently being developed as a part of a clean slate design effort. The emphasis of the proposed methods is on supporting new spatio-temporal access control, which can be a powerful new paradigm for security in mobile systems.
Seeking Support: Transgender Client Experiences with Mental Health Services

Mental health research and practice has traditionally maintained a view of transgender people through the narrow lens of gender identity disorder. Recently, broader understandings of gender have influenced affirmative therapy with transgender clients. The purpose of the present research is to critically review historical views of transgender clients and to highlight experiences of transgender clients in therapy. Feminist phenomenology informed in-depth interviews with seven people who self-identify as transgender. Four themes emerged: the purposes transgender clients sought therapy, problems in practice, therapist reputation, and transgender affirmative therapy. Transgender affirmative practice and training implications are discussed.
Possible evidence for the condensation of 3He atoms onto quantized vortex lines

Abstract The ‘extrinsic’ lifetime of ions trapped on vortex lines in a 3 He- 4 He solution exhibits a rapid rise at low temperatures. We interpret this rise in terms of the condensation of 3 He atoms onto the cores of the vortex lines.
Environmental carcinogenesis and biotechnology

Numerous environmental and host factors, some of which are known and some unknown, contribute to cancer development. While data and studies abound, our current understanding of the relation between cancer and the environment is still very limited. Understanding environmental carcinogenesis is critical to its effective management. Biotechnology has revolutionalized the study of biological and biomedical sciences. This minireview provides an overview of environmental carcinogenesis with emphasis on the contributions and prospects of biotechnology in advancing an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis for its prevention and intervention.
Multilane-road target tracking using radar and image sensors

Tracking of a maneuvering target moving on a multilane road using radar and image-sensor-based measurements is studied. A novel 2-D road representation of an on-road moving target is introduced. A natural description of the target longitudinal and lateral maneuvering behavior in the 2-D road coordinates is given using multiple models. An improved mean-adaptive acceleration model is utilized to describe the longitudinal maneuver modes of the motion. Three estimators based on IMM are developed that use different schemes for fusion of radar and image-sensor-based measurements: centralized, distributed, and sequential. Simulation results are presented that illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators and demonstrate their improved capability compared with a known 1-D road coordinate (mileage) estimator. Furthermore, a hidden Markov model (HMM) formulation and two algorithms for lane-only tracking using lane observations are proposed. A lane observation model is derived from a basic image sensor providing raw observation data. Simulation results show that the proposed HMM-based lane estimators can achieve good performance for lane tracking when only basic image-sensor-based measurements are available.
Validation of seismic probabilistic risk assessments of nuclear power plants

A seismic probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of a nuclear plant requires identification and information regarding the seismic hazard at the plant site, dominant accident sequences leading to core damage, and structure and equipment fragilities. Uncertainties are associated with each of these ingredients of a PRA. Sources of uncertainty due to seismic hazard and assumptions underlying the component fragility modeling may be significant contributors to uncertainty in estimates of core damage probability. Design and construction errors also may be important in some instances. When these uncertainties are propagated through the PRA, the frequency distribution of core damage probability may span three orders of magnitude or more. This large variability brings into question the credibility of PRA methods and the usefulness of insights to be gained from a PRA. The sensitivity of accident sequence probabilities and high-confidence, low probability of failure (HCLPF) plant fragilities to seismic hazard and fragility modeling assumptions was examined for three nuclear power plants. Mean accident sequence probabilities were found to be relatively insensitive (by a factor of two or less) to: uncertainty in the coefficient of variation (logarithmic standard deviation) describing inherent randomness in component fragility; truncation of lower tail of fragility; uncertainty in random (non-seismic) equipmentmore » failures (e.g., diesel generators); correlation between component capacities; and functional form of fragility family. On the other hand, the accident sequence probabilities, expressed in the form of a frequency distribution, are affected significantly by the seismic hazard modeling, including slopes of seismic hazard curves and likelihoods assigned to those curves.« less
Primate-inspired mental rotations: Implications for robot control

This paper describes research into the role of optic-flow derived spatial representations and their relation to cognitive computational models of mental rotation in primates, with the goal of producing effective and unique autonomous robot navigational capabilities. A theoretical framework is outlined spanning sensing, cognition, and motor control. Progress to date on its implementation within an autonomous robot control architecture is presented.
Holomorphic solutions of linear differential systems at singular points

Abstract : The paper gives a method for determining the existence of holomorphic solutions of linear differential systems. This method is similar to the method of determining (bifurcation) equations that have been used extensively in studying periodic differential equations. (Author)
The Arab Spring, Winter, and Back Again? (Re)Introducing the Dissent-Repression Nexus with a Twist

The Arab Spring is broadly understood as follows: after accepting long-standing autocracies, which engaged in various degrees of repressive governance, in 2011 people in many countries throughout t...
Cellular automata for nanometer-scale computation

Abstract Cellular automata have recently been proposed as an architecture for dense, locally-interacting arrays of submicron devices. However, because conventional von Neumann cellular automata do not correctly reflect the long-range behavior of typical inter-device interactions, they do not provide a suitable theoretical model for the proposed device arrays. In this paper we define replica cellular automata, a class of cellular automata that can be generated from lattice-gas cellular automata. We show that for inter-device interactions that have a well-defined screening length D , replica cellular automata provide a suitable formal model. As an example of their applicability, we exhibit a computation-universal cellular automata architecture in which the cells consist of charge-transfer quantum dot devices.