cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of chromatophores as natural marks for delta smelt: the effects of life-stage and light intensity

Individual identification of small sized fishes such as the endangered delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus remains a pressing need. We evaluated the stability of chromatophores as potential natural marks for subadult and adult delta smelt under low and high ambient light. We conducted three photo sessions of the dorsal head area at about three month intervals from fall 2014 to spring 2015. Image recognition was performed using visual tests (naked eye) and automated image recognition (TinEye’s Match Engine). The stability of chromatophores between sessions was independently evaluated using: 1) the percent of correct matching (matching success), 2) similarity indices between matched images (match quality), and 3) the change in their relative size (chromatophore expression). Matching success (mean ± SD) was higher for visual tests (86 ± 12%) than automated tests (44 ± 30%), and was consistently higher from winter to spring for both visual (100%) and automated tests (80 ± 16%). Unlike visual tests, automated matching success differed between light treatments from winter to spring, and automated match quality was higher under low ambient light. Chromatophore expression increased between fall and winter, and decreased between winter and spring in both genders. Ambient light was less influential on matching success than ontogenetic changes between the subadult and adult stages. These results suggest chromatophores of delta smelt are more stable and have higher potential for practical use of natural marks under a wide range of ambient light scenarios when the adult stage is reached.
Identità, narrativa bilingue e canone letterario (trans)nazionale: Jhumpa Lahiri:

Un esame delle opere di Jhumpa Lahiri induce a chiedersi come possano essere rappresentate varie forme di identita diasporica tramite la narrativa, e quello che tali forme significhino se rapportat...
Strain Control for Halide Perovskites

In a recent work in Nature, the Xu group at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) demonstrate the ability to tune strain to alter the optical and electrical properties of halide perovskites. Strained α-formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) shows phase stability up to 360 days compared with the metastable strain-free α-FAPbI3.
Porcupine: Rapid and robust tagging of physical objects using nanopore-orthogonal DNA strands

Molecular tagging is an approach to labeling physical objects using DNA or other molecules that can be used in cases where methods like RFID tags and QR codes are not suitable. No molecular tagging method exists that is inexpensive, fast and reliable to decode, and usable outside a lab setting to create or read tags. To address this, we present Porcupine, an end-user molecular tagging system that features DNA-based tags readable within seconds using a portable nanopore device. Porcupine’s digital bits are represented by the presence or absence of distinct, nanopore-orthogonal DNA strands, which we call molecular bits (molbits). We classify molbits directly from the raw nanopore signal, avoiding basecalling. To extend the tag’s shelf life, decrease readout time, and make tags robust to environmental contamination, molbits are prepared for readout during tag assembly and can be stabilized by dehydration. The result is an extensible, real time, high accuracy tagging system that includes a novel approach to developing nanopore-orthogonal barcodes. One sentence summary Porcupine lets end-users label physical objects with custom DNA tags, without requiring a lab to create or read tags, and offers rapid readout using nanopore sequencing.
Reductive amination of α-Ketoglutarate in metabolite extracts results in glutamate overestimation

Artifacts due to metabolite extraction, derivatization, and detection techniques can result in aberrant observations that are not accurate representations of actual cell metabolism. Here, we show that α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is reductively aminated to glutamate in methanol:water metabolite extracts, which introduces an artifact into metabolomics studies. We also identify pyridoxamine and urea as amine donors for α-KG to produce glutamate in methanol:water buffer in vitro, and we demonstrate that the addition of ninhydrin to the methanol:water buffer suppresses the reductive amination of α-KG to glutamate in vitro and in metabolite extracts. Finally, we calculate that glutamate levels have been overestimated by 10-50%, depending on cell line, due to α-KG reductive amination. These findings suggest that precautions to account for α-KG reductive amination should be taken for the accurate quantification of glutamate in metabolomics studies.
Robustness Evaluation and Degradation Mechanisms of SiC MOSFETs Overstressed by Switched Stimuli

Evaluation of the robustness of SiC power MOS-FETs outside the safe-operating-area (SOA) conditions is key for their applications in many power electronics applications. Traditional test methods, such as static accelerated lifetime tests, repetitive pulse tests and power cycling, stress devices to excite particular failure mechanisms that do not include all aspects of device operation in industrial switching applications. This work presents a robustness test methodology for SiC MOSFETs, based on switching-based cycling where the switched stimuli (voltage and current) are set to exceed their rated values in each cycle. With the aid of device TCAD simulation and failure analysis, this work, for the first time, reveals the degradation and failure mechanisms of SiC MOSFETs under the out-of-SOA switching cycling tests. Two independent degradation and failure mechanisms have been identified. While the gate-oxide degradation emerges with the increased switching cycles and dominates the ultimate failure of the device, bulk-semiconductor degradation appears simultaneously and drives the device into a partially degraded yet functional state before failure. Changes in electrical parameters over time, including threshold voltage, on-resistance, gate-leakage and drain-leakage currents are all monitored and the precursors for two degradation and failure mechanisms have been identified.
Axionlike Particles at Future Neutrino Experiments: Closing the Cosmological Triangle

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0010813, DE-SC0011686, DE-FG02-13ER41976/DE-SC0009913/DE-SC0010813, DE-SC0020250, DE-SC0020262]; United States Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
Characterization of polymers by NMR

Abstract Since chemical shift interaction was discovered in 1953, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as one of the most promising tools in polymer chemistry as well as polymer physics. In this chapter, basic principles of solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy will be introduced and recent NMR applications to polymer structure and dynamics will be reviewed.
The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Exosomes have pivotal roles in cancer development. The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (NCCR) on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma are yet to be explored. Materials and Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 33 patients had rectal adenocarcinoma treated with NCCR and had pre-NCCR biopsy and post-NCCR resected rectum. CD63 and CD9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The short-term surrogate endpoint neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score was used for assessment of prognostic significance. Un-Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores in pre-NCCR biopsy vs. post-NCCR resected rectum were 106 vs. 165 (P = 0.0022) and 136 vs. 215 (P < 0.0001) respectively. The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores respectively in pre-NCCR biopsy was 99 and 130 in patients with low-intermediate NAR score compared to 117 and 144 in patients with high NAR score (P = 0.4934) (P = 0.5519). The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores respectively in post-NCCR resected rectum was 155 and 205 in patients with low-intermediate NAR score compared to 180 and 230 in patients with high NAR score (P = 0.3793) (P = 0.2837). Conclusions: The expression of the exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) increased in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma after treatment with NCCR. The exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) may have a prognostic significance. There was a trend for higher CD63 and CD9 expression in patients with high NAR score compared with low-intermediate NAR scores. The lack of statistical significance is likely due to the small sample size.
Fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA is associated with decreased COVID-19 survival.

The clinical significance of SARS CoV-2 RNA in stool remains uncertain. We found that extrapulmonary dissemination of infection to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, assessed by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool, is associated with decreased COVID-19 survival. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool may have utility for clinical risk assessment.
Voriconazole-associated periostitis: Pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.

Voriconazole-associated periostitis: Pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management
Construction Productivity Improvement

The results are presented of a survey of the Engineering News Record 400 largest contractors to obtain their views on where productivity improvement would most help. Data were obtained regarding business aspects of each operation, with the contractors' opinions on potential areas for productivity improvement in the office and in the field. The respondents indicated a willingness to participate in construction industry efforts to improve productivity. The areas with high potential for productivity improvement included: planning, scheduling, and communication; estimating job site areas with high potential; improving contract agreements and training; and improving interaction with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and Equal Employment Opportunity.
Hemorrhagic encephalitis (neoarsphenamine) in obstetric patients

Abstract Three young women, aged respectively nineteen, twenty-two, and twenty-two years, died during late pregnancy or shortly after delivery, in the course of antisyphilitic therapy directed at latent syphilis detected by routine blood Wassermann tests. In two instances, hemorrhagic encephalitis was demonstrated postmortem, while in the third the clinical picture made the diagnosis reasonably certain. Neoarsphenamine was employed in each case; six injections totaling 2.2 gm. in Case 1, and three injections totaling 1.0 gm. in each of the other two. In addition, four injections of gray oil (two minims each) were given to the first patient and one similar dose to the third patient. In each instance the initial dose was within the limit usually recommended and succeeding doses were not large, being smaller than the maximum dose (0.45 gram) recommended by the Council of the German Public Health Service, 1 but somewhat larger than the maximum recommended by Klaften 2 for use in pregnant women. Moreover, injections were made twice weekly, instead of once each week as is commonly advised. It should also be noted that in two instances the spinal fluid Wassermann reaction was positive despite absence of clinical evidence of cerebrospinal syphilis. There is no good reason to believe that such patients are especially liable to the appearance of encephalitis. In each instance, cerebral symptoms of arsenical poisoning developed within seventy-two hours after the final injection of neoarsphenamine, and death occurred within three days of the initial manifestations, or on the third to the fifth day after the last injection. Two patients developed convulsive seizures, which naturally suggested puerperal eclampsia, a condition which must obviously be considered whenever convulsions appear in the latter semester of pregnancy or shortly after delivery. In Case 2, the bizarre character of the convulsions, and, in Case 3, the anatomical findings clearly removed this possibility.
Die neuen Supercomputer von CRAY

Cray Research ist weltweit der Marktfuhrer bei Supercomputern mit uber 240 installierten Systemen. In Deutschland werden derzeit 14 Cray Rechner eingesetzt. Viele der installierten und die meisten der neu bestellten Cray Rechner sind Multiprozessor Systeme, so das heute uber 700 Cray CPUs bei Kunden installiert sind. Etwa 35% der Cray Kunden sind im industriellen Bereich und 65% im wissenschaftlichen Bereich sowie bei Regierungseinrichtungen angesiedelt. Bild 1 gibt einen Uberblick uber die Neuinstallationen von Cray Systemen in den letzten Jahren.
Discovering correspondences between fingerprints based on the temporal dynamics of eye movements from experts

Latent print examinations involve a process by which a latent print, often recovered from a crime scene, is compared against a known standard or sets of standard prints. Despite advances in automatic fingerprint recognition, latent prints are still examined by human expert primarily due to the poor image quality of latent prints. The aim of the present study is to better understand the perceptual and cognitive processes of fingerprint practices as implicit expertise. Our approach is to collect fine-grained gaze data from fingerprint experts when they conduct a matching task between two prints. We then rely on machine learning techniques to discover meaningful patterns from their eye movement data. As the first steps in this project, we compare gaze patterns from experts with those obtained from novices. Our results show that experts and novices generate similar overall gaze patterns. However, a deeper data analysis using machine translation reveals that experts are able to identify more corresponding areas between two prints within a short period of time.
Deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein in eosinophilic gastroenteritis and celiac disease

Degrees of eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil degranulation, as evidenced by localization of the eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), were compared in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, patients with celiac disease, and healthy controls using a specific indirect immunofluorescence technique for the localization of MBP. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine of 11 patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, from the small intestine of 4 patients with celiac disease, and from the stomach and/or upper small intestine of 18 healthy asymptomatic volunteers were tested. Degrees of eosinophil infiltration and extracellular deposition of MBP were graded by two blinded observers; each section was given a score from 0 (nil) to 4 (marked). In the small bowel biopsy specimens, both eosinophil infiltration and extracellular MBP deposition scores were significantly greater in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and in patients with celiac disease than in controls. In the gastric biopsy specimens, extracellular MBP deposition scores were significantly increased in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis compared with controls even though eosinophil infiltration scores did not differ significantly at this site. The results support the hypothesis that the eosinophil, through toxic cationic proteins such as MBP, plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
The hyperbolic browser: a focus + context technique for visualizing large hierarchies

Abstract We present a new focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing and manipulating large hierarchies. Our technique assigns more display space to a portion of the hierarchy while still embedding it in the context of the entire hierarchy. We lay out the hierarchy in a uniform way on a hyperbolic plane and map this plane onto a display region. The chosen mapping provides a fisheye distortion that supports a smooth blending of focus and context. We have deveoped effective procedures for manipulating the focus using pointer clicks as well as interactive dragging and for smoothly animating transitions across such manipulation. Enhancements to the core mechanisms provide support for multiple foci, control of the tradeoff between node density and node display space, and for visualizing graphs by transforming them into trees.
Full-Service Schools: A Revolution in Health and Social Services for Children, Youth, and Families

Full-Service Schools describes the movement to create an array of integrated support services in schools. It examines the declining welfare of many American families and prescribes solutions for the problems of increased sex, drugs, violence, and stress among youth.
Stereospecificity of ethanol oxidation.

The stereospecificity of ethanol oxidation via alcohol dehydrogenase, the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and catalase was determined using stereospecific ethanol-1-3H. All systems showed the same stereospecificity towards ethanol. All pathways displayed an isotope effect, but the effect with MEOS and catalase was greater than with alcohol dehydrogenase.
Light for All Reasons: Versatility in the Behavioral Repertoire of the Flashlight Fish

The flashlight fish, Photoblepharon, possesses headlight-like luminous organs situated in the orbit just below the eyes. On the basis of direct field and laboratory studies, it is postulated that t...
The Feulgen reaction in mature unfertilized sea urchin egg.

Abstract A positive Feulgen reaction has been demonstrated in the nuclei of mature, unfertilized sea urchin eggs Arbacia punctulata, after removal of pigment and lipides by treatment with acetone-HCl at 60 °C. Nuclei of the nucleated fragments isolated by centrifugation also gave a positive reaction. The nuclei were negative in eggs that had been hydrolyzed or that had been treated with DNAase. A non-specific cytoplasmic reaction was present in formalin-fixed eggs, but was absent, following treatment with sodium metabisulfite before hydrolysis. The evidence presented here reaffirms the widely accepted theory that DNA is an important component of the gene.
Military service, governance and the African Diaspora

Abstract During World War II black soldiers who served in the United States Army and in the Caribbean colonial forces of the British military performed their duties within the constraints of a racialized governmentality. When black soldiers served in the military forces of either nation, they were regulated by policies meant to control and contain their participation. The institutional racism within both the War Department and the Colonial Office is representative of a political theory of racialized governmentality – the black body was inscribed with governance by those who exercised power. This paper outlines and defines the concepts and terms of engagement necessary to understand the mentalities and realities facing black soldiers in two colonial settings during the Second World War.
Regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 in rat adipocytes.

ZANG, YAN, TONG WANG, WEISHENG XIE, YANLIN WANG-FISCHER, LISA GETTY, JIANRONG HAN, BARBARA E. CORKEY, AND WEN GUO. Regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase1 in rat adipocytes. Obes Res. 2005;13:1530–1539. Objective: Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a key enzyme in energy balance. It controls the synthesis of malonyl-CoA, an allosteric inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-I). CPT-I is the gatekeeper of free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation. To test the hypothesis that both enzymes play critical roles in regulation of FFA partitioning in adipocytes, we compared enzyme mRNA expression and specific activity from fed, fasted, and diabetic rats. Research Methods and Procedures: Direct effects of nutritional state, insulin, and FFAs on CPT-I and ACC mRNA expression were assessed in adipocytes, liver, and cultured adipose tissue explants. We also determined FFA partitioning in adipocytes from donors exposed to different nutritional conditions. Results: CPT-I mRNA and activity decreased in adipocytes but increased in liver in response to fasting. ACC mRNA and activity decreased in both adipocytes and liver during fasting. These changes were not caused directly by fastingassociated changes in plasma insulin and FFA concentrations because insulin suppressed CPT-I mRNA and did not affect ACC mRNA in vitro, whereas exogenous oleate had no effect on either. Despite the decrease in adipocyte CPT-I mRNA and specific activity, CO2 production from endogenous FFAs increased, suggesting increased FFA transport through CPT-I for -oxidation. Discussion: Stimulation of FFA transport through CPT-I occurs in both tissues, but CPT-I mRNA and specific activity correlate with FFA transport in liver and not in adipocytes. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for increasing FFA oxidation in adipose tissue during fasting involves mainly allosteric regulation, whereas altered gene expression may play a central role in the liver.
A new readily processable polyimide

As part of an effort to develop tough solvent resistance thermoplastics for potential use as structural resins on aerospace vehicles, a new processable polyimide was evaluated. The synthesis involved the reaction of a new diamine, 1,3-bis 2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl ether, with 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride to form the polyamic acid and subsequent conversion of it to the polyimide. Various physical properties such as thermal stability, solvent resistance, glass transition temperature, crystalline melt temperature, melt viscosity and mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, adhesive, film and composite properties are reported. Of particular interest is the extremely high titanium to titanium tensile shear strength obtained for this polyimide.
Introduction to Satellite Oceanography

Summary This lecture is designed for undergraduates, to show how satellites contribute to the understanding of ocean dynamics. Satellite sensors can measure properties of the surface ocean with a sampling coverage unachievable from ocean-going research vessels. The four geophysical variables of the ocean that satellites can observe are sea-surface temperature, surface winds, the relative height of the sea surface, and the color of the ocean. Sea surface temperature is measured by sensing the infrared radiation emanating from the ocean. Surface winds are deduced from the roughness of the surface ocean using a radar on the satellite. Sea surface height is estimated from knowing, very accurately the altitude of the satellite relative to the earth. Ocean color is measured with a spectrometer on board the satellite. The lecture will give students appreciation of the power of satellite oceanography, while also considering its limitations. This lecture avoids overly technical information and the particulars of the various satellites, in favor of a description of how the measurements are made that can be understood at the undergraduate level. Students are encouraged to make use of satellite data, which is publicly available.
Effects of Adverse Pressure Gradient on the Incompressible Reattaching Flow Over a Rearward-Facing Step

The turbulent, incompressible reattaching flow over a rearward-facing step has been studied by many researchers over the years. One of the principal quantities determined in these experiments has been the distance from the step to the point (or region) where the separated shear layer reattaches to the surface (x(r)). The values for x(r)/h, where h is the step height, have covered a wider range than can reasonably be attributed to experimental technique or inaccuracy. Often the reason for a largely different value of x(r)/h can be attributed to an incompletely developed turbulent layer, or a transitional or laminar boundary layer. However, for the majority of experiments where the boundary layer is believed to be fully developed and turbulent, x(r)/h still varies several step heights; generally, 5 1/2 approximately < x(r)/h approximately < 7 1/2. This observed variation has usually been attributed to such variables as l/h (step length to height, h/delta (step height to initial boundary-layer thickness), R(e)(theta)), or the experimental technique for determining reattachment location. However, there are so many different combinations of variables in the previous experiments that it was not possible to sort out the effects of particular conditions on the location of reattachment. In the present experiment velocity profiles have been measured in and around the region of separated flow. Results show a large influence of adverse pressure gradient on the reattaching flow over a rearward-facing step that has not been reported previously. Further, the many previous experiments for fully developed, turbulent flow in parallel-walled channels have shown a range of reattachment location that has not been explained by differences in initial flow conditions. Although these initial flow conditions might contribute to the observed variation of reattachment location, it appears that the pressure gradient effect can explain most of that variation.
Tetrabromobutatriene: completing the perhalocumulene series.

Tetrabromobutatriene, C4Br4, can be prepared directly from dibromobutadiyne by reaction with Br2 at −25 °C in concentrated hexanes solution. The cumulene precipitates out of the reaction mixture as a yellow powder. Under palladium-catalyzed coupling conditions, C4Br4 can undergo allylic rearrangement, giving a mixture of products, including some with butenyne backbones. However, in furan solution, C4Br4 reacts cleanly at its central double bond to give the furan Diels−Alder adduct. Under Suzuki conditions, this adduct reacts at the furan double bond rather than at bromide.
Assessment of imidazole-based ionic liquids as dual-mode spacecraft propellants

Imidazole-based ionic liquids are investigated in terms of dual-mode chemical monopropellant and electrospray rocket propulsion capabilities. A literature review of ionic liquid physical properties is conducted to determine an initial, representative set of ionic liquids that shows favorable physical properties for both modes, followed by numerical and analytical performance simulations. The ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate meet or exceed the storability properties of hydrazine, and their electrochemical properties indicate that they may be capable of electrospray emission in the purely ionic regime. These liquids are projected to have 13–23% reduced monopropellant propulsion performance in comparison to hydrazine due to the prediction of solid carbon formation in the exhaust. The use of these ionic liquids as a fuel component in a binary monopropellant mixture with hydroxylammonium nitrate shows a 1–4...
The Origins, Organization, and Perhaps Demise of Armed Resistance to the State

Warlords: Strong-Arm Brokers in Weak States. By Kimberly Marten. New York: Cornell University Press, 2012. 280 pp., $35.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-801-45076-1). Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War. By Zachariah Cherian Mampilly. New York: Cornell University Press, 2011. 320 pp., $45.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-801-44913-0). Weak states and destabilizing insurgencies continue to be global concerns in the twenty-first century. The two books reviewed in this essay— Warlords: Strong-Arm Brokers in Weak States by Kimberly Marten and Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War by Zachariah Mampilly—detail how insurgencies function, flourish, and perhaps fail. These books will be essential resources for graduate students, policymakers, and scholars of states struggling with armed resistance. In Warlords, Marten provides a wonderfully nuanced description of the relationship between states and warlords. Warlords are individuals who require some level of state support and protection, but ultimately undermine state capacity by controlling small pieces of territory using a combination of force and patronage. In four substantive chapters, Marten gracefully outlines the trajectory of warlordism as a function of state construction in Pakistan, Georgia, Chechnya, and Iraq. Marten displays great depth of knowledge, and her description is rife with anecdotes, insider information, and humor, making it authoritative and enjoyable to read. In her first chapter on Pakistan's contested border region with Afghanistan, Marten describes how tribal allegiance to the Pakistani state was secured through investing in development initiatives over which local Malik leaders had control. In return for their loyalty, the state gave Maliks unfettered access to patronage resources, turning a blind eye to extensive smuggling and corruption. Popular resentment against the Maliks led to the emergence of radical Islamist Mullahs who replaced the Maliks as local powerbrokers in the 1970s. Buoyed by external funding from the Sunni diaspora, the Mullah imposed Sharia law, assassinated Maliks, and ran free religious schools. Migration to the Persian Gulf to work in the oil fields in the late 1970s may have provided “a potential alternative mechanism for social evolution,” by challenging the established patronage system and social order, but it ended unexpectedly with an …
Robotics In Manufacturing: Army View

(Figure 1) This is an outline of my presentation today. The U. S. Army has a dual interest in the use of robots, namely: 1. As a substitute for or an extension of the soldier in the battlefield, and 2. in the factories that make Army materiel, or - as we call it -the the production base. The Production Base can again be divided into three separate segments, i.e., the Army owned and operated facilities or GOG6s, such as Rock Island and Watervliet arsenals, and not to be overlooked, the depot operations. There the Army manufactures gun tubes and other related parts for artillery weapons and repairs and overhauls them. A second category is the Army owned and contractor operated facilities or GOCOs,such as the ammunition plants, the tank plants at Lima, Ohio and Warren, Michigan and the Stratford Engine Plant in Connecticut where gas turbines for helicopter and the Abrams tank are manufactured. The last category covers the industrial base, that is those factories which are not only operated but also owned by the contractor himself also referred to as COCOs. You can see from this description that the Army is supported by a base which produces a diversified line of products. Therefore, the task of technology development and technology insertion is considerably more complex than what one encounters in the average U. S. Manufacturing organization.
Local purity distillation with bounded classical communication

Local pure states are an important resource for quantum computing. The problem of distilling local pure states from mixed ones can be cast in an information theoretic paradigm. The bipartite version of this problem where local purity must be distilled from an arbitrary quantum state shared between two parties, Alice and Bob, is closely related to the problem of separating quantum and classical correlations in the state and in particular, to a measure of classical correlations called the one-way distillable common randomness. In Phys. Rev. A 71, 062303 (2005), the optimal rate of local purity distillation is derived when many copies of a bipartite quantum state are shared between Alice and Bob, and the parties are allowed unlimited use of a unidirectional dephasing channel. In the present paper, we extend this result to the setting in which the use of the channel is bounded. We demonstrate that in the case of a classical-quantum system, the expression for the local purity distilled is efficiently computable and provide examples with their tradeoff curves.
Do we need evidence for everything

There is no randomized, controlled trial (RCT) supporting the contention that evidence-based medicine is beneficial, and "evidence" is more than the information that can be obtained from RCTs. Systematic reviews have severe limitations of scope and reach, and RCTs can lead to false or contradictory conclusions. Most controlled studies enroll only highly selected groups of patients, specifically excluding those with complicating factors, yet real patients bring with them an abundance of messy heterogeneity. Considering this, we should not withhold potentially beneficial treatment just because we lack randomized controlled trials. The frequent lack of solid clinical evidence requires clinicians to invoke critical thinking, communication, judgment, and even intuition on behalf of their patients. Medical training is as much an apprenticeship as it is an education, and medicine as much a craft as it is an art.
The interaction of ribonuclease with purine and pyrimidine phosphates I. Binding of adenosine 5′-monophosphate to ribonuclease

Abstract 1. 1. A procedure is described for the study of the binding of nucleotides to ribonuclease by dialysis equilibrium. 2. 2. AMP binds at two sites on the ribonuclease molecule and acts as an inhibitor. There is little interaction between sites. 3. 3. The average heat and entropy of binding of AMP to ribonuclease is −4.2 kcal −2 e.u., respectively: Hydrogen bonds probably play an important role in the binding.
The effects of associative strength and response hierarchy on paired-associate learning

Summary Two experiments were designed to assess the influence of free-associative strength on the paired-associate learning of children. In each, three groups of fourth-grade children learned lists of ten verbal paired-associates which varied in average associative strength between the stimulus words and the responses. Group I learned a list composed of stimuli and their primary normative responses, five of which were relatively strong and five of which were relatively weak; Group II learned a list composed of the same ten stimuli and responses which occurred to them with an intermediate normative frequency; and Group III learned a list composed of the same stimuli and responses of very low normative frequency. In Experiment I, ease of learning varied with the average associative strength of the pairs at all levels; and differential performance was obtained on Lists I and II between the pairs with stimuli which elicit relatively high-strength primary responses and those which elicit relatively low-strength primary responses. Performance on the former was better than on the latter. Experiment II differed from Experiment I only in that the Ss had a study trial on the lists before learning trials began. The results essentially paralleled those of Experiment I. Such findings have not been obtained with adults and were interpreted as representing differences due to natural language habits of differential strengths. The findings with regard to the differential performance on the two types of pairs were discussed as indications that the forced-frequency nature of the single response normative data caused the relative strengths of the responses following high-strength primary responses to be underestimated when based on absolute normative frequencies.
Integrating microarray analysis and the soybean genome to understand the soybeans iron deficiency response

Soybeans grown in the upper Midwestern United States often suffer from iron deficiency chlorosis, which results in yield loss at the end of the season. To better understand the effect of iron availability on soybean yield, we identified genes in two near isogenic lines with changes in expression patterns when plants were grown in iron sufficient and iron deficient conditions. Transcriptional profiles of soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr) near isogenic lines Clark (PI548553, iron efficient) and IsoClark (PI547430, iron inefficient) grown under Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions were analyzed and compared using the Affymetrix® GeneChip® Soybean Genome Array. There were 835 candidate genes in the Clark (PI548553) genotype and 200 candidate genes in the IsoClark (PI547430) genotype putatively involved in soybean's iron stress response. Of these candidate genes, fifty-eight genes in the Clark genotype were identified with a genetic location within known iron efficiency QTL and 21 in the IsoClark genotype. The arrays also identified 170 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) specific to either Clark or IsoClark. A sliding window analysis of the microarray data and the 7X genome assembly coupled with an iterative model of the data showed the candidate genes are clustered in the genome. An analysis of 5' untranslated regions in the promoter of candidate genes identified 11 conserved motifs in 248 differentially expressed genes, all from the Clark genotype, representing 129 clusters identified earlier, confirming the cluster analysis results. These analyses have identified the first genes with expression patterns that are affected by iron stress and are located within QTL specific to iron deficiency stress. The genetic location and promoter motif analysis results support the hypothesis that the differentially expressed genes are co-regulated. The combined results of all analyses lead us to postulate iron inefficiency in soybean is a result of a mutation in a transcription factor(s), which controls the expression of genes required in inducing an iron stress response.
Recognition of RNA duplex by a neomycin–Hoechst 33258 conjugate

Abstract DNA minor groove binding drugs such as Hoechst 33258 have been shown to bind to a number of RNA structures. Similarly, RNA binding ligands such as neomycin have been shown by us to bind to a number of A-form DNA structures. A neomycin–Hoechst 33258 conjugate was recently shown to bind B-DNA, where Hoechst exhibits high affinity for the minor groove of A/T tract DNA and neomycin docks into the major groove. Further studies now indicate that the Hoechst moiety of the conjugate can be driven to bind RNA duplex as a consequence of neomycin binding in the RNA major groove. This is the first example of Hoechst 33258 binding to RNA duplex not containing bulges or loop motifs.
The clinical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature

The anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall is mainly of interest to medical students early in their studies. Clinically, it is mostly relevant to surgeons who are performing laparotomies and repairing or preventing hernias. The author's life-long experience suggests that some of the lesser-known details of the anatomy of the abdominal wall have been neglected resulting in some suboptimal results. This manuscript highlights some of these details which, hopefully, will lead to improved outcomes for patients.
Sum and Difference Compositions in Discrete Fractional Calculus

Introducimos operadores de suma y diferencia fraccionaria, estudiamos su comportamiento y desarrollamos una teoria completa que rige sus composiciones. Aplicamos esta teoria para resolver un problema fraccionado de valor inicial.
1.5.3 MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENTATION FOR THE SOFTWARE MAINTAINER

In the DOD, eighty percent of the life-cycle cost of a software-intensive system is for maintenance, and the cost of fixing software increases by an order of magnitude as it is passed from developer to maintainer. Much of the requisite knowledge about the system's mission, software structure, and maintenance tool set and procedures resides with the developers of a software-intensive system. While some of this knowledge may actually be documented, it is seldom readily accessible and software maintainers must painstakingly rediscover it. To reduce the learning curve among software maintainers and the associated life-cycle costs for specific systems, new software documentation approaches must be developed. This paper describes the HAC/RMPE Software Maintenance Tutor, a multimedia prototype which has proved effective in capturing system-specific developer knowledge in a form that is useful to the maintainers. The tutor was built for the Higher Authority Communication/Rapid Message Processing Element (HAC/RMPE) and has been in use since September 1993 as a means of familiarizing new personnel with the HAC/RMPE software. New materials are continually being added. The tutor combines elements of a training system and an on-line performance aid, and represents a unique approach for supplementing the software maintenance training process. The HAC/RMPE Tutor shows promise for filling a critical gap in the training of software maintainers and thereby reducing the overall system life-cycle cost. It also represents a generic form of multimedia documentation which has applications in many other domains.
PROP Taste Sensitivity is Related to Visceral but Not Moral Disgust

Taste perception and the emotion of disgust are both processed by the anterior insular cortex. A current debate in the emotion and disgust literature is whether visceral and moral disgust responses are fundamentally the same. The purpose of the present study was therefore to test whether visceral and moral disgust would be responded to similarly as a function of taste sensitivity. Several disgust questionnaires measuring different components of visceral disgust (core, pathogen, sexual) and moral disgust were administered along with a 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taste sensitivity test. Individuals were categorized on the basis of their responses to PROP as super-tasters, tasters, and non-tasters. PROP taster status was used as an independent variable to assess responses on the various disgust questionnaires, and PROP scores were also correlated with the disgust-dependent measures. Results showed that super-tasters were more responsive to all visceral components of emotional disgust than tasters and non-tasters, and that taste sensitivity was positively correlated with disgust responsivity. However, taste sensitivity was not related to responses concerning moral disgust in any way. Results are discussed in terms of the proposed theoretical underpinnings of emotional disgust and the physiological and neuroanatomical foundations that may mediate different forms of it.
An Evaluation of One-Sided and Two-Sided Communication Paradigms on Relaxed-Ordering Interconnect

The Cray Gemini interconnect hardware provides multiple transfer mechanisms and out-of-order message delivery to improve communication throughput. In this paper we quantify the performance of one-sided and two-sided communication paradigms with respect to: 1) the optimal available hardware transfer mechanism, 2) message ordering constraints, 3) per node and per core message concurrency. In addition to using Cray native communication APIs, we use UPC and MPI micro-benchmarks to capture one- and two-sided semantics respectively. Our results indicate that relaxing the message delivery order can improve performance up to 4.6x when compared with strict ordering. When hardware allows it, high-level one-sided programming models can already take advantage of message reordering. Enforcing the ordering semantics of two-sided communication comes with a performance penalty. Furthermore, we argue that exposing out-of-order delivery at the application level is required for the next-generation programming models. Any ordering constraints in the language specifications reduce communication performance for small messages and increase the number of active cores required for peak throughput.
Proof of a conjecture of Häggkvist on cycles and independent edges

A graph G of order n is a c"k-graph if for every pair of distinct, nonadjacent vertices x and y: d(x) + d(y) >= n + k where d(@n) denotes the degree of a vertex @n. In this paper, we prove the conjecture of Haggkvist [4] which states that every set of independent edges of a c"1-graph is contained in a cycle.
Nimbus 7 CZCS: reduction of its radiometric sensitivity with time.

Preliminary results are described for an effort to quantify the sensitivity decay of a radiometry sensor (the Coastal Zone Color Scanner or CZCS aboard Nimbus 7). The method used in the study is to (1) compute the water-leaving radiance for imagery acquired in regions where this radiance is known or can be independently estimated, and (2) adjust the sensor calibration to force agreement between the two radiances. Decay factors for orbit numbers from 0 to 20,000 are plotted, and surface and space measurements are compared for the Gulf Stream and the Northern Sargasso Sea at different seasons. The fact that a seasonal variability in the chlorophyll a concentration in the Sargasso Sea was found in the sensor analysis (apparently the first such satellite observation) increases confidence in the method.
Endotoxin in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Detection in Neonates With Bacterial Meningitis

The Limulus lysate assay was used to measure endotoxin in 307 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 84 infants with meningitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin was detected in 117 CSF samples (38%), and its presence was correlated with recovery of bacteria from CSF cultures. A direct relationship was demonstrated between the presence, persistence, and concentration of endotoxin in CSF and outcome from meningitis. Measurement of CSF endotoxin by the Limulus assay and of CSF K1 antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) showed a significant correlation between the presence and amount of these two Escherichia coli K1 capsular substances. Endotoxin was detected in 72% of infants, and 52% had K1 antigen in CSF specimens obtained within 24 hours of diagnosis. Combining the results of the Limulus assay and CIE, 81% of patients with E coli K1 meningitis had endotoxin or K1 or both in initial CSF samples. ( JAMA 235:617-620, 1976)
Topic Studio: Nature, Landscape, and Garden

(1991). Topic Studio: Nature, Landscape, and Garden. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 156-162.