cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acclimating to the High-Octane College Food Environment

To evaluate the association between weight gain and psychological dimensions of appetite, a sample of 83 ethnically diverse first-year undergraduate females had body mass index (BMI) assessed and completed self-report measures of hedonic hunger, mindfulness, and intuitive eating. Positive associations between mindfulness and intuitive eating and negative links between intuitive eating and hedonic hunger and BMI were observed over time. BMI gainers experienced a significant decline in intuitive eating across the first college semester. No significant between-group effects for mindfulness or hedonic hunger were detected. Preliminary results suggest that changes in internally derived appetite- and consumption-regulating processes may underlie weight gain during the first-year college transition. Implications for optimizing college health promotion efforts for young women at this developmental juncture are discussed.
The Strategic Impetus for Social Network Ties: How Strategic Dependencies Affect the Likelihood of Reconstituting Broken CEO Friendship Ties to Executives of Other Firms

Research on organization-environment relations has focused primarily on formal linkages between organizations such as board interlock ties as a strategy for managing resource dependence. This study examines whether top corporate executives may maintain more informal ties to executives of other firms in order to manage uncertainty arising from resource dependence. Our point of departure is prior research on boards of directors that has examined whether so-called 'broken board ties' (i.e., ties that are disrupted due to executive turnover) tend to be reconstituted, and whether resource dependence explains the likelihood of reconstitution. These studies have generally provided little evidence that corporate board ties are used to manage resource dependence. We draw from theory and research on social embeddedness and friendship to suggest that, as a strategy for managing dependence, the maintenance of friendship ties between top executives provides benefits that are comparable to the supposed benefits of board cooptation, while imposing fewer constraints on the organization. Our theory leads to the contention that, despite limited prior evidence that resource dependence determines the formation of formal board ties, corporate leaders may nevertheless reconstitute informal (i.e., friendship) ties to leaders of other firms that have the power to constrain their firms' access to needed resources when those ties have been disrupted (e.g., due to turnover of the CEO's friend). We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset that includes survey data from U.S. corporate leaders collected at two points in time, thus permitting an assessment of whether top executives reconstitute broken social ties to leaders of other firms, and whether various sources of resource dependence predict the likelihood of reconstitution. We discuss implications for strategic perspectives on inter-organizational relations and the sociological literature on embeddedness.
Part II. The Prognostic Significance of Stromal Eosinophilia in Head and Neck Cancer

The pathologies of 82 head and neck tumors were examined for histologic features suggestive of poor prognoses. Twelve descriptive histopathologic variables, including two grading scales for malignant tumors, were correlated with DNA flow cytometric data and clinical outcome. We found no correlation between the grading scales and DNA flow cytometric data or clinical outcome. Only one of the histopathologic variables--stromal eosinophilia--was found to significantly correlate with favorable outcome (p = .018). Stromal eosinophilia may be an important new prognostic indicator for head and neck cancer.
Is Mechanical Turk the Answer to Our Sampling Woes

Although we share Bergman and Jean's (2016) concerns about the representativeness of samples in the organizational sciences, we are mindful of the ever changing nature of the job market. New jobs are created from technological innovation while others become obsolete and disappear or are functionally transformed. These shifts in employment patterns produce both opportunities and challenges for organizational researchers addressing the problem of the representativeness in our working population samples. On one hand, it is understood that whatever we do, we will always be playing catch-up with the market. On the other hand, it is possible that we can leverage new technologies in order to react to such changes more quickly. As an example, in Bergman and Jean's commentary, they suggested making use of crowdsourcing websites or Internet panels in order to gain access to undersampled populations. Although we agree there is an opportunity to conduct much research of interest to organizational scholars in these settings, we also would point out that these types of samples come with their own sampling challenges. To illustrate these challenges, we examine sampling issues for Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), which is currently the most used portal for psychologists and organizational scholars collecting human subjects data online. Specifically, we examine whether MTurk workers are “workers” as defined by Bergman and Jean, whether MTurk samples are WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic; Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010), and how researchers may creatively utilize the sample characteristics.
Outsourcing: Ready, Set, Go? A Cataloger's Perspective

Outsourcing in a rapidly evolving technological arena is causing discussion, with librarians taking one side or the other. Concerns by those familiar with problems that can occur with outsourcing and who see outsourcing as expensive are countered by those saying we can't afford not to outsource. To satisfy both sides, we need to have dependable, good quality records available to outsource, vendors and librarians able to really communicate their needs, and a way to acquire bibliographic records and processing relatively easily, at a reasonable price. What we need to avoid and what we need to do for successful outsourcing is outlined.
Developing Spiritual Competencies in Counseling: A Guide for Supervisors

The recently established competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling (Association of Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling, 2009) provide guidelines for counselors to implement in conjunction with evidence-based counseling practices. These spiritual competencies complement the ethics code established by the American Counseling Association (2014) in promoting increased cross-cultural sensitivity and proficiency in counseling. Supervisory tools that promote the ethical and spiritual development of counseling trainees are identified and described.
Crossed-beam slice imaging of Cl reaction dynamics with butene isomers.

We present a crossed-beam imaging study of the reaction of chlorine atoms with several butene isomers. A high-intensity pulsed ablation Cl source is used with DC slice imaging and single-photon ionization detection at 157 nm to record the velocity-flux contour maps for these reactions. The target unsaturated hydrocarbons are 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, and isobutene (2-methylpropene). Data are obtained at collision energies of ∼13.0 kcal·mol–1. Distinct differences in the scattering distributions and in particular the coupling of angular and translational energy release provide insight into the dynamics of this little-studied class of reactions. We find that these distributions reflect the energetics for competition between addition/elimination and direct abstraction in line with ab initio thermochemical data. A possible role for Cl atom roaming mediating the addition/elimination pathway is suggested.
Thinking about the Selection of Teaching Materials in College

Selecting teaching materials is a basic job in collecting teaching-material in college. It's significant to improve teaching quality and teaching level. In this paper, my opinions are given upon some problems and some followed principles in selecting teaching materials. The purpose is to attach importance to these problems, create conditions for selecting good teaching materials and improve teaching quality.
Operating in a Tent

Operating in a tent has many challenges. Operating with a team that moves its tent every few days to a new location has even more challenges. Everyone on the team needs to help with the manual labor of the move, even the surgeons. All team members should be familiar with the equipment and location of the equipment in order to avoid delays with the packing and unpacking. There are many different types of mobile operating teams and it is important for a team member to know exactly what his or her assets are, so they can know their capability. Patient transport and re-supply of materials is vitally important for a mobile to succeed. Operating in the field has its own set of challenges. The surroundings are dirty, the lighting is poor, the temperature cannot be controlled, the operating table cannot be tilted, and there can be security issues. Every member of the team should be fully engaged for the current operation and for the preparation of the subsequent ones. This teamwork will help with overcoming the uncertainty and the unexpected events that occur during combat, a terrorist attack, and during a natural disaster.
Effectiveness of post card appointment reminders.

OBJECTIVE This study measures the effectiveness of post card appointment reminders in a residency-based family practice center. METHODS Outcomes of 1,380 consecutive appointments before institution of reminders were compared with 1,303 appointments afterward. Then, 140 patients were informally surveyed in follow-up. RESULTS Before reminders, overall office no-show rate was 13.0%, cancellations were 19.4%, and arrivals were 67.6%. No-shows correlated with length of time from scheduling date to appointment date, seeing a resident rather than faculty, and patient payment classification (p < 0.0001). Post card reminders did not significantly improve arrivals by patients or change no-shows to cancellations. The reminders were well received by patients. CONCLUSIONS Post card appointment reminders were simple to institute and appreciated by patients but had little effect on improving appointment-keeping behavior.
Nature-Based Recreational Therapy for Military Service Members: A Strengths Approach

Nature-based interventions have long been used as a strengths-based approach to aid in positive human development. The use of these interventions is underpinned by a strong knowledge base; however, little information exists with regard to the use of nature-based recreation therapy (RT) interventions as a strengths-based approach for working with military service members. This article provides an overview of typical treatment options for injured service members, explores the theoretical and conceptual foundations surrounding nature-based programming, reviews existing research literature on the use of nature with veterans, and offers a conceptual model for nature-based RT interventions for military service members. Recommendations and implications for practice and research are discussed.
Managing Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Over the past years, open innovation has gained wide attention in literature on innovation. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been excluded from the mainstream discussion in open innovation. Very recent studies confirm that open innovation is increasingly important for SMEs but also suggest that findings from research on large firms cannot be simply transferred. This chapter aims to explicate the concept of open innovation in SMEs with a particular focus on services and tourism SMEs drawing upon and expanding recent empirical research. First, it discusses the specific nature of open innovation in SMEs and the particular facets of the tourism sector. Afterwards, it presents an overview of different modes of open innovation in SMEs. Against this background, the chapter conceptualizes the internal dimensions of managing open innovation in SMEs by drawing upon recent research on internal organizational facilitators and practices for open innovation. It concludes with recommendations for future research on open innovation in SMEs in the tourism sector.
Serum sickness-like reaction after the treatment of cellulitis with amoxicillin/clavulanate.

Serum sickness-like reaction is a rare disease presentation. We describe a case of a man aged 58 years who presented with acute-onset polyarthralgia, intense pruritus of hands and feet, fever to 39.5°C and leucocytosis to 17.2×103/mm3 5 days after completing a 10-day course of amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of finger cellulitis. With history, symptoms, physical examination findings and reported cases in the literature of serum sickness-like reactions to amoxicillin, a clinical diagnosis of serum sickness-like reaction was made. The patient was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatories with improvement in symptoms by the time of discharge.
A non-contacting sampled-line reflectometer for microwave scattering parameter measurements

A proof-of-concept non-contacting reflectometer is presented. The reflectometer utilizes a novel planar probing structure for sampling traveling waves and is based on the well known "sampled-line-reflectometer" architecture. Compared to the coaxial probe methods commonly used for non-contacting measurements, the planar probing structure has the advantages of (1) simple fabrication, (2) precise probe positioning control and (3) capability of being scaled to the millimeter-wave band. To assess the performance of the reflectometer, scattering parameter measurements have been performed on high, medium and low reflection loads over an octave bandwidth from 0.75 GHz to 1.5 GHz. The s-parameters derived from the reflectometer measurements are compared with those obtained from a commercial HP 8720C network analyzer and show good agreement for medium and low-reflection loads, with measurement discrepancy less than 2%. However, measurement errors can be as large as 13% for high reflection loads. This can be attributed, in part, to the five-port "sampled-line" architecture adopted. Although the simplicity of the design makes it readily amenable to scaling to higher frequency bands, precise measurement of the voltage standing-wave nodes associated with high-reflection loads limits the accuracy of the instrument for certain measurements. Nonetheless, the approach of combining the six-port measurement technique with planar probing structures shows promise for yielding a non-contacting measurement infrastructure for in-situ characterization of integrated microwave subsystems and modules.
Fine-tuning optimization for PV-PEMFC phased array system

Thanks to optimization technology, we can quickly correlate and validate a simulation models using other references, such as experimental measurement data. Similarly, with the updated simulation model, it's easy to evaluate various designs to fine-tune specific functional performance characteristics of outcomes. Fine-tuning can be understood as "to find the set of parameters performing well on a wide set of instances". Help us to decide on critical design trade-offs between different constraints, quality, performance and cost aspects. The ultimate design relies on a calibrated simulation model that provides the expected accuracy throughout subsequent development stages. Heuristics algorithms, and their higher forms meta-heuristics, have been widely used to find reasonable good solutions of energetic problems. The performance of those heuristics is based on the optimum set-up of a set of parameters. The problem of fine-tuning those parameters is also a hard problem. The implementation of hybrid systems is very broad in the range of 50 kW to 250 kW. Energy storage may soon play a bigger part in our electricity grid, and help enable the increased generation of renewable electricity. An algorithm, using a Phased array framework, to optimize the parameters of the energetic hybrid system containing Photovoltaic-Proton exchange Fuel Cell is designed. The paper tackles the study of feasibility to implement phased array control into an energetic system and to optimize the membership functions of the fuzzy logic controller for the Photovoltaic-Proton exchange Fuel Cell phased array system using genetic algorithm (GA). The manuscript deals with a genetic algorithm control strategy purpose to generate electrical energy according to the request, subject to the constraints and the dynamics of the substantial load and intermittency of the energetic supply, by charring the power require among the photovoltaic array and the Photovoltaic — Proton exchange fuel cell system. PEM Fuel Cells is described specifically as well as system pattern and components parameters [1]. The next section committed to representing the mean process of genetic algorithm control for Photovoltaic-Proton exchange Fuel Cell Fuel Cell phased array System. Finally, the optimal control problem is addressed and phased array algorithm is introduced to facilitate locate a set of best parameters in the genetic algorithm controller, finest results are obtained and good optimization of the phased array system is highlighted.
An Investigation of School Counselor Self-Efficacy with English Language Learners.

This exploratory quantitative study described school counselors' self-efficacy with English language learners. Findings suggest that school counselors with exposure to and experiences with English language learners have higher levels of self-efficacy. Statistically significant and practical differences in self-efficacy were apparent by race, U.S. region, size of English language learner population, and counselor training. This article presents implications for training and practice and recommendations for future research studies.
A comparison of model predictive control and PID temperature control in friction stir welding

Abstract Temperature control of friction stir welding (FSW) via model predictive control (MPC) is investigated in Al 7075-T7. Two MPC controllers are compared against two well-tuned PID controllers to obtain a direct comparison of MPC and current FSW controllers. One MPC controller uses a first-order plus dead-time (FOPDT) model derived from a simplified conduction-advection view of the stir zone. The other MPC controller uses the Hybrid Heat Source model that describes heat conduction in the plate and tool. At quasi steady-state conditions, all four controllers can easily hold temperature within 2 °C of the setpoint in the absence of large disturbances. Once the weld is past the initial traverse, the FOPDT controller is superior to the Hybrid Heat Source controller with regards to modeled-disturbance rejection and setpoint changes. The FOPDT controller is competitive with well-tuned PID controllers in this region of the weld. During the initial traverse, the Hybrid Heat Source controller and PID controller with regulator gains were able to control temperature within 5 °C of the setpoint, compared to a typical deviation of 20–30 °C when uncontrolled. During this period, the FOPDT controller and PID controller with servo gains could not maintain satisfactory temperature control. MPC is demonstrated to be a viable control method for FSW. Temperature control before reaching steady state for both MPC and PID is shown to be feasible, but more difficult than for steady state. Recommendations are given for when each controller might be preferred in various circumstances, based upon the results shown herein.
Logic, Shifting, Rotating, and Stacks

As introduced in most first semester computer science courses and previously discussed in Chapter 4, various relationals in an if statement can be connected via the use of logical operators such as “and” (&&), “or” (∥), and “not” (!), where these operators in assembly language work with comparisons between variables, registers, and literals. However, sometimes it is necessary to not just compare the contents of variables or registers but check the individual bits within a memory location or a register. These types of operations are known as bit-wise operations. An example of this is when interfacing with an external device, when often only a single bit is needed to be checked or set on the external device.
Prevalence of pineal gland calcification as an incidental finding in patients referred for implant dental therapy

PURPOSE Pineal gland calcification has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. This study evaluated the prevalence and extent of pineal gland calcification in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients referred for dental implant therapy who could possibly be a vulnerable group for this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation of 500 CBCT scans was conducted. Scans that showed the area where the pineal gland was located were included. The scans were initially screened by a single observer to record the prevalence and extent of calcification. Six weeks following the completion of the study, another investigator randomly reviewed and selected 50 scans to investigate inter-observer variation, which was evaluated using reliability analysis statistics. The prevalence and measurements of the calcifications were reported using descriptive statistics. The chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence between males and females. RESULTS The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was 58.8%. There was no statistically significant correlation between age and the extent of the calcification. The prevalence of calcification was 58.6% in females and 59.0% in males. The average anteroposterior measurement was 3.73±1.63 mm, while the average mediolateral measurement was 3.47±1.31 mm. The average total calcified area was 9.79±7.59 mm2. CONCLUSION The prevalence of pineal gland calcification was high in patients undergoing implant therapy. While not all pineal gland calcifications lead to neurodegenerative disorders, they should be strongly considered in the presence of any symptoms as a reason to initiate further investigations.
Creating Prodigious Innovators through Knowledge Network

This study articulates the complexity of knowledge and tie strength as the key relational features and therefore proposes a new conceptualization of knowledge network from the role of individual. B...
Purpureocorticium microsporum (Basidiomycota) gen. et sp. nov. from East Asia

A corticioid fungal species found in mountainous Taiwan, and Yunnan Province of China, is described as a new genus and new species: Purpureocorticium microsporum (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). Morphological study and phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data respectively derived from the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU nrDNA) alone and the combined dataset of LSU nrDNA and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α) indicated that Purpureocorticium does not belong to any clade of the Agaricomycetes. Purpureocorticium and P. microsporum are characterized by having a resupinate basidiocarp with smooth hymenial surface which turns purple in KOH, and becomes purplish after storage, microscopically having compact texture of subiculum, nodose-septate thin-walled generative hyphae, absence of cystidia, basidia subclavate with a median constriction, or utriform, bearing ovate-ellipsoid small-sized basidiospores, which are smooth and thin-walled, inamyloid, and nondextrinoid. The new combination Rhizochaete rubescens is proposed, based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences.
Pain severity as a predictor of negative affect following a self-guided quit attempt: An ecological momentary assessment study.

ABSTRACTBackground: Past work has documented bidirectional associations between pain and cigarette smoking behaviors such that those who smoke evidence greater pain, and those in pain tend to smoke more. However, such work has not focused on the role of pain in relation to negative affect, which plays an important role during cessation attempts. Objective: The current study evaluated pain as a predictor of negative affect as well as level of interference associated with negative affect among individuals undergoing a self-guided quit attempt. Methods: Study variables were assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during the 2 weeks following a self-guided quit attempt. Participants included 54 daily smokers (33.3% female; Mage = 34.7, SD = 13.9). Results: There were statistically significant within-person associations of pain ratings with negative affect and interference due to negative affect, such that greater pain was associated with higher levels of each dependent variable. Additionally, there...
An Overview of Coverage of BCG Vaccination and Its Determinants Based on Data from the Coverage Survey in Zhejiang Province.

To assess the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination coverage in Zhejiang province and to investigate predictors of the BCG vaccination, we used data from the 2017 Zhejiang provincial coverage survey. Demographic and immunization data on the selected children, their mothers, and their families were also collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire. BCG scars were verified among children who were available at the moment of survey. Coverage of BCG and other expanded program on immunization (EPI) vaccines scheduled before the first year of life was calculated. BCG coverage through the scar assessment and timeliness of BCG were also presented. Multivariate analyses of the predictors associated with the BCG vaccination and its timeliness were conducted separately. In total, 1393 children agreed to participate in the survey and presented the immunization cards. Of them, the coverage of BCG was 92.0% and 88.3% received the BCG within the first 28 days after birth. Besides this, 1282 out of the 1393 children were screened for the BCG scars and 97.1% of them had developed the scars. The multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that hospital delivery, higher maternal education, a mother with no job, and a resident child were positively associated with the higher BCG vaccination coverage and its timely administrations. BCG coverage was optimal and it was administered in a timely manner. The majority of children vaccinated with BCG developed scars. Tailored interventions should be more greatly focused on and targeted to children with the risk factors identified in this study.
KRAS mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer and its impact on the use of EGFR inhibitors.

Abstract As with many malignancies, cytogenetic information has become increasingly important to the diagnosis and proper treatment of colorectal cancer. In particular, several recent studies have confirmed that KRAS is not only one of the most commonly mutated genes in colorectal cancer, but also essential to treatment decision-making. Several key studies have demonstrated that patients with mutant KRAS do not respond to treatment with epidermal growth factor inhibitors. This finding has several implications for clinicians who treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The following monograph includes discussions on the key issues surrounding the integration of recent data on KRAS status into the care of patients with this disease.
Lead, Deliquency and Violence

The possibility that lowering of intelligence is correlated with criminal behavior has had a long and checkered history in the medical and social sciences, and lead poisoning has become part of the debate because it is known to impair mentation in children. Pooling of data and meta-analyses of results of a large number of epidemiological studies from different parts of the world, buttressed with extensive information from experimental animals, provide a strong evidence that lead exposure at low dose has a negative effect on the intelligence quotient and mental development of preschool and school-age children. A major accomplishment in environmental health sciences in recent years is the demonstration that some mental health disorders are pathophysiologically linked to low-level lead exposure in early childhood and this has fostered the neurotoxicity hypothesis to explain the relationship between childhood lead exposure, conduct disorders, and proclivity to violent behavior later in life. Much uncertainty still surrounds the etiological role of lead in offending behavior mainly due to the difficulty of ascertaining the dose–response relationships of chronic low-level exposure that characteristically results in vague and insidious symptoms. Nevertheless, there is understandable and growing concern that some young adults are being consigned to a life of criminal behavior for environmental injuries that occurred prenatally or while they were young infants.
The Goldilocks Path of Legal Scholarship in a Digital Networked World

Traditional legal scholarship often comes under fire. Commentators lament that law review articles are too long, too stuffy, too heavily footnoted—just “too traditional.” Legal scholars have responded by seeking out less traditional avenues of publication such as online blogs, social media, and op-eds. These also come with attendant risk—lack of nuance, lack of depth, and assertions outside one’s area of expertise. In this article, written for a symposium on the future of legal scholarship, I propose the “Goldilocks Path” of scholarship as an optimal method of spreading knowledge and ideas. This Goldilocks Path lies in a balance between producing traditional and nontraditional pieces. Doing so engages academics and broadens their audience, allowing for more diverse readership, an opportunity to obtain early critique of theories, and a chance for scholarship to create a stronger impact. Walking the multi-outlet path, where the non-traditional enhances the traditional, can facilitate a more meaningful dialogue within the legal community and with the public at large.
DNA Origami Chromophore Scaffold Exploiting HomoFRET Energy Transport to Create Molecular Photonic Wires

DNA-scaffolded molecular photonic wires (MPWs) displaying prearranged donor–acceptor chromophore pairs that engage in extended Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) cascades represent an emergin...
Optimal Aircraft Metering during Space Launches

During space launches, aircraft are rerouted around large, static columns of restricted airspace. These restrictions are often active for hours at a time and result in many rerouted aircraft. Recent research has focused on moving from static restrictions to dynamic restrictions that can adapt to the launch trajectory and vehicle health to limit airspace disruption. Previously, the problem was framed as a Markov decision process and solved using dynamic programming for heading reroutes. This method preforms well for aircraft flying near land with constant air traffic communications. In contrast, oceanic flights are routed via waypoints and pilots speak with air traffic control much less often. This paper suggests rerouting oceanic flights by metering them between waypoints. This method results in less airspace disruption while maintaining safety.
Predicting Growth of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Each U.S. County with a Population of 50,000 or More

Models of local spread of COVID-19 are needed to assist local governments and health care providers to prepare for surges of clinical cases in their communities. National and state based models are inadequate because the virus is introduced and spreads at different rates in local areas. Models based on motor vehicle traffic measured by tracking cell phones movement in relation to daily numbers of confirmed cases are being developed but this study finds that indicator less effective in predicting future cases than time since the first case in a county. Each county has its own function of time since the first case that can be used to predict increases in reported cases two weeks in advance for each of 914 counties in the U.S. with populations of 50,000 or more inhabitants.
Supervision of Ancillary Personnel

Increasing numbers of patients seeking emergency psychiatric care have caused a staffing crisis in emergency departments with insufficient mental health prescribers available to manage this increased volume. This chapter will outline best practices for nonprescribers to work effectively in the emergency psychiatry setting, and will highlight the benefits of including students and residents as part of the workforce in an institution’s response to the growing need for psychiatric emergency care.
The Forces of Form in German Modernism

Malika Maskarinec’s book The Forces of Form ambitiously seeks to reorient our understanding of modernism as a narrative of uprightness and construction rather than fallenness and crisis. With unusu...
An Exploratory Study on Kidnapping as an Emerging Crime in Nigeria

This chapter traces the history of kidnapping as a precursor to the recent spike in violent crimes in Nigeria. The crime of kidnapping is not a new crime in human history. Many nations have experienced and dealt with this crime before the recent spike in Nigeria. The purpose of this chapter is to study the crime of kidnapping in Nigeria and other countries and to examine the responses and lessons learned that may be adopted for reducing kidnapping in Nigeria. Using the rational choice and strain theories as the criminological framework for understanding kidnapping in present-day Nigeria, the chapter explores the psychological aspects of the crime. This chapter also presents statistics from SBM Intel, a research and communications consulting firm that collects and analyses data to influence change in Africa. The chapter further sheds light into how Nigeria has been dealing with the crime of kidnapping and concludes with policy implications and recommendations.
A three dimensional model of intercellular calcium signaling in epithelial cells

Nature has designed a highly regulated system for the transport of ions and small molecules across the epithelial barrier that separates the surfaces of the body from the external environment. These systems contain regulatory elements controlled by external and internal signals. In order to understand the complexity of these systems, we have developed a fully three-dimensional model of calcium signaling in epithelial cells. The model is based on a set of reaction diffusion equations that are solved on a large-scale finite-element code in three dimensions. We have explicitly included the major compartments in the cell (i.e. the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum). The model allows for buffering of free Ca/sup 2+/, calcium induced calcium release (CICR), and for the explicit inclusion of mobile buffers, mimicking the dyes used in the experiments. Additionally we have considered intercellular transport by including a realistic representation of the gap junctions that have a significant effect on the Ca/sup 2+/ wave propagation. In order to make quantitative comparisons to experimental results, we have used fluorescence microscopy images of cell tissue to generate an accurate mesh. Using this realistic geometry, we present results for the Ca/sup 2+/ wave propagation through the tissue as a function of both initial conditions used to start the wave and various geometrical parameters which affect propagation such as gap junction density and distribution, and presence of nuclei.
Reflections of Native American Teen Mothers

Objective To understand the previously lived experience of early childbearing among adult Native American women.
Analysis of sleep parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea studied in a hospital vs. a hotel-based sleep center.

One of the limitations of polysomnography is the “first-night effect,” which is believed to result from sleeping in the unfamiliar environment of a sleep laboratory. This phenomenon is associated with alterations in sleep architecture on the first night of sleep investigation, in comparison to subsequent nights. Agnew et al. were the first to describe this intuitive observation in1966.1 They reported that the first night in the sleep laboratory contained more wake time, less REM sleep, and increased REM and stage 4 latencies. These effects rapidly tapered by the second night of sleep. Subsequently, the first-night effect has been reported in up to 80% of healthy subjects.2 Because the first-night of laboratory polysomnography may never be able to accurately capture one's true sleep, it has become customary in sleep research to exclude data from the first night of testing. In fact, to save paper and tedious scoring time, early sleep studies often did not even record data from the first night.1 Clinical sleep evaluations, however, are typically restricted to one night of testing due to cost and space limitations. Sleep experts hope to minimize the first-night effect associated with clinical polysomnography by controlling environmental confounds felt to contribute to the effect, namely comfort and familiarity. One way to accomplish this is through hotel-based sleep centers. In this study, we compared the sleep parameters of patients studied in our hotel-based and hospital-based sleep laboratories. We predicted that sleep architecture changes consistent with the first-night effect would be greater in the hospital-based sleep center.
Tunneling Evidence of Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism in La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3)

Direct experimental evidence of half-metallic density of states (DOS) is observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy on ferromagnetic La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3) which exhibits colossal magnetoresistance (SMR).
Reaction Engineering for Microreactor Systems

Finite element simulations of two-and three-dimensional fluid flow, thermal fields, and chemical species concentrations in microfluidic devices are presented as a means for obtaining accurate predictions of microreactor performance. The chemical reaction engineering methodology is illustrated with case studies of a prototype microreactor for partial oxidation reactions. Platinum catalyzed ammonia oxidation serves as a demonstration chemistry. The reactor simulations are in excellent agreement with experimental observations. The results also mirror observed ignition-extinction behavior by revealing that ignition occurs downstream and the reaction front subsequently travels upstream due both to heat conduction and the presence of fresh reactants upstream. The utility of the simulation strategy in the design of microfluidic devices for chemical reactions is exemplified with a case study of placement of thermal shunts to control the shape of the reaction front.
Arizona Microbrewery, Inc.: An Instructional Case on Management Decision Making

ABSTRACT: This case provides students with an opportunity to utilize cost volume profit (CVP) analysis tools in a contextually rich environment of a microbrewery. The case explores basic CVP concepts as well as decision making for constrained resources, make versus buy, and new product development. Further, the case requires quantitative analysis, understanding, and exploration of contextual issues as well as assessment of qualitative factors. While directed at graduate students (M.B.A. and E.M.B.A.) in a managerial accounting course, this case may also be suitable for undergraduate students with some minor modifications.
From nest to nest--influence of ecology and reproduction on the active period of adult Gombe chimpanzees

The time spent between sleeping periods, which is called the active period, has to accommodate all essential activities, including feeding, resting, social behavior, and reproduction. To minimize costs in terms of, e.g., predation risk, suboptimal foraging, or sleep deficiency, the active period of diurnal animals should be less than or equal to the daylight period. Thus, the active period of an animal should be shaped by local environmental conditions as well as by metabolic and reproductive demands. Chimpanzees, which exhibit reduced predator pressure and a flexible fission-fusion society, were chosen as a model to explore these links. We investigated the influence of sex, female reproductive status, dominance rank, and season on the duration of the active period of adult chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania (1975-1992). Sexually nonreceptive females had shorter active periods compared to males, while receptive females had even longer active periods than males. Dominance rank did not influence the duration of the active period of nonreceptive females, but high- and middle-ranking males had shorter active periods compared to low-ranking males. Nonreceptive females exhibited longer active periods during the dry season than in the wet season. No seasonal effect was discovered for males, perhaps because they already had long active periods in the wet season. Nonreceptive females seem to be able to accommodate all essential activities in the daylight period available, probably because they live less socially than males. Thus, the active period does not reflect differences in female competitive abilities, but does reflect such differences in males. The duration of the active period appears to be a simple, reliable tool for exploring basic responses and constraints in animal societies.
Ancrod in sickle-cell crisis.

Abstract A semi-quantitative clinical scoring system has been used to assess response to treatment in a double-blind trial of anticoagulation with ancrod in sickle-cell crisis. 10 painful crises, of similar clinical severity, were treated with intravenous dextrose and bicarbonate solutions with, in addition, either ancrod or saline. At the level of anticoagulation achieved there was no significant difference in the rate of clinical improvement between the two groups. Serial fibrinolytic studies showed that the sickle-cell patient can achieve an apparently normal release of plasminogen activator in response to the intravascular fibrin micro-clot formation induced by ancrod. This is contrary to previous reports of decreased fibrinolytic activity in sickle-cell crisis.
Extractable latex allergens and proteins in disposable medical gloves and other rubber products

Abstract Background: IgE-mediated sensitization to rubber proteins is being reported with increasing frequency in health care workers. To explore the relative importance of various sources of allergen exposure, we measured the total rubber allergen and protein levels in extracts of disposable rubber gloves and compared the allergen levels with those in extracts of other medical and consumer rubber products. Methods: Rubber allergens were measured by inhibition immunoassay with a rubber glove extract as the solid-phase allergen and pooled plasma from five rubber-sensitized health care workers as the IgE antibody source. Proteins were measured by Ninhydrin assay. Results: Among 71 lots of gloves tested, the extractable allergen and protein levels were significantly correlated and were appreciably higher in powdered gloves than in powder-free gloves. Allergen levels varied 3000-fold among gloves from different manufacturers and were higher in examination gloves than in surgical or chemotherapy gloves. Measurable allergen was found in 11 of 24 lots of "hypoallergenic" gloves tested. Allergen levels in toy balloons were comparable to those in powdered gloves; much lower allergen levels were measured in condoms and anesthesia rebreathing bags. Conclusions: The allergen content of disposable rubber gloves varies widely and is higher in powdered gloves than in powder-free gloves and higher in examination gloves than in surgical gloves. Hypoallergenic gloves may contain substantial amounts of IgE-binding proteins. Gloves and toy balloons appear to be more important sources of rubber allergens than the other rubber products tested.
The Relation Between Age and Fat Production in Dairy Cows

Summary Data was presented showing the relation between age and yearly production of over 46,000 cows of the Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein-Friesian, Ayrshire and Dairy Shorthorn breeds and over 104,000 Holstein-Friesian seven-day records. It was shown that fat production gradually increases up to between seven and eight years of age on the average, and then gradually decreases with the onset of old age. No significant difference between the breeds in the time of maturity was noted. The close relation between an increase in body weight and milk secretion with age is interpreted as indicating that the upward trend of the milk secretion curve with age is due to growth while the descending segment of the curve is due to senescence or the physiological changes due to old age. A method of converting the fat production records of dairy cows made at any age to the “mature equivalent” was presented as an aid in making studies of the transmitting ability of dairy sires.
Pseudo-pseudo-pseudotumor of the Lung

Benign lesions may simulate bronchogenic carcinoma by virtue of radiologic appearance or false-positive cytologic studies. A lung opacity initially suspected to be malignant was, on review, considered to be a loculated effusion. Needle biopsy yielded cells which appeared malignant. The resected lesion was a benign infarct.
Detection and depth profiling of 19F using a resonance at 2313 keV in the 19F(α,p)22Ne nuclear reaction

Abstract Cross section measurements are reported for the p0 and p1 proton groups from the 19F(α,p)22Ne nuclear reaction in the energy range 2150–2520 keV at a reaction angle of 135°. A narrow resonance at 2313 keV incident energy is shown to be useful in detecting and depth profiling 19F in thin films. Computer simulation is used to find F concentration profiles which are consistent with the measured reaction yield curves. Calculations of the depth resolution of this resonance and that of the 340 keV resonance in the 19F(p, αγ)16O reaction are compared for a specific target.
Use of ATM in evaluating spin-density

Because of its simplicity, the analytic tetrahedron method (ATM) of evaluating Brillouin zone integrals has become very popular. It has been used successfully in computing various properties, such as both electron and phonon density of states, optical conductivity, generalized susceptibility, and electric field gradients. Here it is used to compute the direct spin-density in sodium and potassium.
Changes in drug use from high school to young adulthood: Effects of living arrangement and current life pursuit☆

Abstract Using longitudinal data, this study traces changes in drug use patterns from adolescence to young adulthood, and examines these changes in terms of role socialization theory. In high school, 479 students reported their frequency of use for a variety of drug substances. Four years later, they again responded to the same set of drug use questions, indicated their current life pursuit and living arrangements. Approximately 60% of the variance in adult drug use was accounted for by high school drug use, indicating a moderate level of stability across time. Cannabis use (marijuana and hashish) decreased significantly during that period, whereas dramatic increases were noted for cigarette, alcohol, and cocaine use. Both living arrangement and life pursuit significantly impacted on the change in drug use from high school to young adulthood for all substances except nonprescription medication. Both social environment (living arrangements) and role responsibility (life pursuit) contributed to understanding the change in drug use from adolescence to young adult. These results are discussed in regard to role socialization and the unique challenges and tasks of the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Policy and prevention implications are discussed.