cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with zinc during the differentiation phase alters the kinetics of zinc uptake and transport

Abstract The Caco-2 cell model was used to study the efficiency of absorption and endogenous excretion of zinc (Zn) regulated by dietary Zn concentration. Cells were seeded onto high pore-density membranes and maintained in medium supplemented with 10% FBS. After confluence, cells were treated with 5 or 25 μmol Zn/L for 7 d, and Zn uptake and transport were measured in both apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) directions by using 65Zn. Similar cells were labeled with 65Zn and the release of Zn to the AP and BL sides was measured. The AP uptake of Zn in cells exposed to 25 μmol Zn/L was slower (p
Efficacy and costs of two forms of stress management training for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: Professionally administered psychosocial interventions have been shown to improve the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The present study sought to improve access to psychosocial interventions during chemotherapy treatment by evaluating the efficacy and costs of a patient self-administered form of stress management training that requires limited professional time or experience to deliver. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred eleven patients about to start chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive usual psychosocial care only, a professionally administered form of stress management training, or a patient self-administered form of stress management training. Quality-of-life assessments were conducted before randomization and before the second, third, and fourth treatment cycles. Intervention costs were estimated from both payer and societal perspectives. RESULTS: Compared with patients who received usual care only, patients receiving the self-administered intervention r...
YopJ of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is required for the inhibition of macrophage TNF-α production and downregulation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK

Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Previous studies have suggested that pathogenic Yersinia spp. inhibit LPS-mediated production of TNF-alpha in macrophages, and that one of the Yop proteins secreted by the plasmid-encoded type III pathway is required for this activity. We found that TNF-alpha production was inhibited when J774A.1 murine macrophages were infected with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis but not with an isogenic ysc mutant defective for Yop secretion. We inactivated multiple yop genes to identify which of these factors are required for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. A mutant unable to express yopJ was defective for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Production of TNF-alpha is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels by several mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The MAP kinases p38 and JNK underwent sustained activation in macrophages infected with the yopJ mutant. Conversely, p38 and JNK were downregulated in macrophages infected with the wild-type strain. The ability of the yopJ mutant to downregulate p38 and JNK and to inhibit production of TNF-alpha was restored by the expression of yopJ+ in trans. Therefore, YopJ is required for Y. pseudotuberculosis to downregulate MAP kinases and inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in macrophages.
Dublin Core metadata semantics

This study examines Dublin Core DC metadata semantics drawn from the perspectives and experiences of cataloguing and metadata professionals. The study ascertains the extent of difficulty in applying the DC metadata elements encountered by these professionals and examines factors engendering such difficulties during the metadata application process. Comments drawn from the survey participants n = 141 show that conceptual ambiguities 41% and semantic overlaps 45% of the surveyed DC metadata elements are the most frequently cited factors causing difficulty and confusion, in turn leading to variant interpretations of DC metadata elements. This has the potential to bring forth inconsistent and inaccurate applications and implementation of the DC standard across institutions which can directly affect semantic interoperability across digital repositories. The high degree of difficulty 55.3% engendered by the Relation field indicates that further examination of this element is needed.
In Vitro Stimulation of Lymphocytes of Donors Seronegative for Epstein-Barr Virus by Preparations of Inactivated Epstein-Barr Virus

Heat-inactivated preparations of Epstein-Barr virus stimulated human lymphocytes as assayed by incorporation of [3H]thymidine. The inactivated Epstein-Barr virus stimulated the lymphocytes of all five seropositive donors, 11 of 14 seronegative donors (aged eight to 26 years), and none of 15 neonates. Control antigens prepared from a human lymphoid cell line devoid of the Epstein-Barr virus genome did not stimulate the lymphocytes of seronegative donors. Fetal calf serum at the concentration used for suspension of Epstein-Barr virus did not stimulate or only minimally stimulated the lymphocytes of seronegative donors. The reactivity of the histocompatibility antigens found on human lymphocytes was abolished by procedures used for inactivation of the virus. While studying cell-mediated immunity in infectious mononucleosis, we unexpectedly found that suspensions of heat-inactivated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) stimulated the lymphocytes of many donors seronegative for EBV. Results of experiments performed to explore the nature of this lymphocyte-stimulating factor are presented here.
Effect of atherogenic diet on lipoprotein lipase activity in cynomolgus monkeys.

Abstract Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) fed monkey chow (n = 10) had a mean ± SD post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity level (14.7 ± 5.5 units/ml) similar to that found in human beings (15.7 ± 3.9 units/ml). However, the hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) in these monkeys was extremely low (0.5 ± 0.3 units/ml) when compared with that in human beings (10.9 ± 4.3 units/ml). The consumption of isocaloric atherogenic diets (0.2 mg cholesterol/Cal) with either saturated (P/S= 0.34) or polyunsaturated (P/S= 2.2) fat led to increased LPL activity levels (27.6 ± 6.5 and 28.8 ± 16.1 units/ml), respectively) and the accumulation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The results indicate that cholesterol-containing atherogenic diets with either primarily saturated or polyunsaturated fat have similar potential for the increase of LPL activity. However, it is not clear whether the high dietary cholesterol content represents an obligatory component for the increase of LPL. We speculate that the high level of LPL in cynomolgus monkeys when fed a cholesterol-rich, high fat diet could be a contributing factor to the accumulation of excessive plasma LDL-C.
A novel reduced intensity conditioning regimen for patients with high-risk hematological malignancies undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

A novel reduced intensity conditioning regimen for patients with high-risk hematological malignancies undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Transparent ultra-long-haul DWDM networks with "broadcast-and-select" OADM/OXC architecture

We describe an experimental realization of ultra-long-haul (ULH) networks with dynamically reconfigurable transparent optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) and optical cross-connects (OXCs). A simple new approach to dispersion management in ULH dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) transparent optical networks is proposed and implemented, which enables excellent transmission performance while avoiding dispersion compensation on a connection-by-connection basis. We demonstrate "broadcast-and-select" node architectures that take full advantage of this method. Our implementation of signal leveling ensures minimum variations of path-averaged power among the wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) channels between the dynamic gain-equalizing nodes and results in uniform nonlinear and spontaneous-emission penalties across the WDM spectrum. We achieve 80/spl times/10.7-Gb/s DWDM networking over 4160 km (52 spans/spl times/80 km each) of all-Raman-amplified symmetric dispersion-managed fiber and 13 concatenated OADMs or 320/spl times/320 wavelength-port OXCs with 320-km node spacing. The WDM channels use 50-GHz grid in C band and the simple nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format. The measured Q values exhibit more than a 1.8-dB margin over the forward-error correction threshold for 10/sup -15/ bit-error-rate operation. We compare these results with point-to-point transmission of 80/spl times/10-Gb/s NRZ WDM signals over 4160 km without OADM/OXC and provide detailed characterization of penalties due to optical signal-to-noise-ratio degradation, filter concatenation, and crosstalk.
Early Intervention in Down Syndrome: Targeting the Emerging Behavioral Phenotype

Abstract This article discusses behavioral phenotype, or profile of development, associated with Down syndrome, and the implication of this knowledge of intervention for children with Down syndrome...
Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in a bi-ethnic cohort: the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You (B.A.B.Y.) Study

Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy and higher in Hispanic as compared with non-Hispanic white women. However, the association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear and may vary across ethnic groups, in part because of genetic variation in the metabolism of vitamin D. Few studies have included Hispanic women. Therefore, we investigated this association among 237 participants in the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You Study, a randomised trial of an exercise intervention among ethnically diverse prenatal care patients in Massachusetts. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at 15·2 (sd 4·7) weeks' gestation. Information on adverse pregnancy outcomes was abstracted from medical records. Mean 25(OH)D was 30·4 (sd 12·0) ng/ml; 53·2 % of participants had insufficient (<30 ng/ml) and 20·7 % had deficient (<20 ng/ml) 25(OH)D levels. After adjusting for month of blood draw, gestational age at blood draw, gestational age at delivery, age, BMI and Hispanic ethnicity, women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D had infants with birth weights 139·74 (se 69·16) g (P=0·045) and 175·52 (se 89·45) g (P=0·051) lower compared with women with sufficient vitamin D levels (≥30 ng/ml). Each 1 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus among Hispanic women only (relative risk 1·07; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·11) in multivariable analysis. We did not observe statistically significant associations between maternal vitamin D status and other pregnancy outcomes. Our findings provide further support for an adverse impact of vitamin D deficiency on birth weight in Hispanic women.
Esophageal Reflux Disease and Its Complications

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in older adults and can lead to both severe complications and reduced quality of life. The prevalence of GERD is increasing across all ages including the elderly. Older individuals are more likely to develop severe disease, esophagitis, and complications. Age-related physiologic changes seen in the aged, along with comorbidity and polypharmacy, promote LES incompetence and/or injure the esophageal mucosa play a role in the development of GERD and increased complications in this population. While GERD and its complications are more common in the elderly, typical heartburn is often not evident in this age group, with atypical manifestations such as dysphagia, vomiting, and extraesophageal symptoms more apparent. A more severe complication of GERD is Barrett’s metaplasia, which increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma exponentially. Differential diagnosis includes infections such as Candida esophagitis, autoimmune mucocutaneous disorders, radiation esophagitis, and pill esophagitis. Therefore, efforts to clarify the diagnosis and treatment of GERD are warranted in this group. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is the cornerstone of treatment and provides a safe and cost-effective modality of treatment in the overwhelming majority of elderly patients. However, potential complications of PPI therapy including potential drug–drug interaction and their management should be well recognized by all gastroenterologists.
Neutrophilic function in animals with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

Peritoneal exudate neutrophils collected from mink and cattle with and without the Chediak-Higashi syndrome were compared using various criteria. No significant differences were found in the motility, phagocytic capacity, or bactericidal action of C-HS neutrophils when compared to those from normal animals. There was no significant difference in the amount of bactericidal cationic proteins, acid phosphatase, cathepsin and β-glucuronidase in leukocytes from C-HS and normal mink and cattle. The abnormally enlarged granules in neutrophils from C-HS animals did not lyse following phagocytosis of bacteria. The amount of lysozyme present was the same in C-HS and normal mink polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No lysozyme was detectable in cattle neutrophils, but they killed bacteria as well as mink neutrophils.
The Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle comprised of polarized stacks of cisternae and is required for trafficking of proteins and lipids within all eukaryotic cells. The Golgi, which is positioned centrally in the transport route between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane, is an organelle whose size, composition and morphology are effected by protein and lipid flux, as well as the cytoskeletal dynamics. The following chapter discusses various aspects of Golgi structure and function and recent insights into the dynamics of Golgi assembly.
Are Innovators Influenced by Endorser Expertise in an Advertisement When Evaluating a High Technology Product

Product endorsers often contribute to an advertisement’s persuasiveness for many consumers. This study evaluates how consumer innovativeness moderates the influence of endorser expertise on attitud...
A highly C70 selective shape-persistent rectangular prism constructed through one-step alkyne metathesis.

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) provides an intriguing and highly efficient approach for building molecules that are usually thermodynamically favored. However, the DCC methods that are efficient enough to construct large, complex molecules, particularly those with three-dimensional (3-D) architectures, are still very limited. Here, for the first time, we have successfully utilized alkyne metathesis, a highly efficient DCC approach, to construct the novel 3-D rectangular prismatic molecular cage COP-5 in one step from a readily accessible porphyrin-based precursor. COP-5 consists of rigid, aromatic porphyrin and carbazole moieties as well as linear ethynylene linkers, rendering its shape-persistent nature. Interestingly, COP-5 serves as an excellent receptor for fullerenes. It forms 1:1 complexes with C60 and C70 with association constants of 1.4 × 105 M–1 (C60) and 1.5 × 108 M–1 (C70) in toluene. This represents one of the highest binding affinities reported so far for purely organic fullerene receptors...
Mining End-of-Life Materials Suitable for Material Resynthesis and Discovering New Application Domains

The United States generates more than 250 million tons of municipal solid waste (trash/garbage), with only 34% being recycled. In the broader global environment, the problem of waste management is becoming increasingly relevant, demanding innovative solutions. Traditional End-of-Life (EOL) approaches to managing waste include recycle, reuse, remanufacture and disposal. Recently, resynthesis was proposed as an alternative to traditional EOL options that combines multiple products to create a new product distinct from its parent assemblies. Resynthesis employs data mining and natural language processing algorithms to quantify assembly/subassembly combinations suitable for new product combinations. However, existing resynthesis methodologies proposed in the design community have been limited to exploring subassembly combinations, failing to explore potential combinations on a materials level. The authors of this paper propose a material resynthesis methodology that combines the materials of multiple EOL products using conventional manufacturing processes that generate candidate resynthesized materials that satisfy the needs of existing domains/applications. Appropriate applications for a resynthesized material are discovered by comparing the properties of the new material to the functional requirements of application classes which are found using clustering and latent semantic analysis. In the course of this paper, the authors present a case study that demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed material resynthesis methodology in the construction materials domain.© 2014 ASME
Synthesis of the Reagent [Na][Pt(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11)] and Preparation of the Platinacarborane Complexes [PtX(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11)] (X = H, Au(PPh3), Cu(PPh3), HgPh)

The salt [Na][Pt(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11)] (1a) has been prepared. Protonation affords the hydrido complex [PtH(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11)] (2) while reactions with [AuCl(PPh3)], [CuCl(PPh3)]4, and [HgClPh] yield the dimetal compounds [PtM(PEt3)2(PPh3)(η5-7-CB10H11)] (3a, M = Au; 3b, M = Cu) and [PtHgPh(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11)] (3c), respectively. The salt [N(PPh3)2][Pt(CO)(PPh3)(η5-7-CB10H11)] (4) has also been obtained. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies have been made on 2 and 3a−c. Complexes 2, 3a, and 3c have similar molecular structures with H, Au(PPh3), and HgPh groups, respectively, σ-bonded to the Pt of the Pt(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11) group. In 3b, however, the copper atom of the Cu(PPh3) moiety is attached to the Pt(PEt3)2(η5-7-CB10H11) fragment both by a Pt−Cu σ-bond and by two exopolyhedral B−H⇀Cu donor bonds from BH groups in the open face of the nido-7-CB10H11 cage ligating the platinum. The structure of the salt 4 has also been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Reactions of perfluoroalkyldiazomethanes—II

Abstract The action of nitrogen dioxide on perfluoroalkyldiazomethanes was examined as a possible source of gem-dimtxo compounds. Furoxans, nitrolic acids, and nitroxyesters were identified as reaction products. Some of the properties and reactions of these products are described.
On the Penetration Depth in Fourier Heat Conduction

Penetration depth measures the distance or thickness of thermal energy propagating into the surface through conduction. In most heat transfer textbooks and literatures, penetration depth is only dealt with qualitatively for the simple surface boundary condition- a prescribed sur face temperature (i.e. boundary condition of first kind). In this study, the concept of penetration depth is examined and expanded to consider different surface thermal boundary conditions (boundary conditions of second and third kind as well). Penetration depths for all three kinds of thermal boundary conditions are expressed in terms of non-dimensional parameters, Fourier and Biot numbers. The results can be used as a guide for design of thermal systems when there are transient heat conduction processes with different thermal boundary conditions involved.
The Mechanism of Zinc Uptake in Isolated Islets of Langerhans

The uptake of zinc65 (Zn) was determined in isolated pancreatic islets employing a dual isotope procedure with sucrose as an extracellular marker. Islets slowly accumulated Zn over long periods of time (24 h or longer) reaching three to five times the extracellular concentration by 70 min and a 30-fold differential over extracellular concentration by 24 h. Zn uptake at low concentrations (0.5–7 μM) demonstrated saturation kinetics with the Km and Vmax, 1.5 nM and 11.1 Fmol/islet/min, respectively. At higher Zn concentrations (10–3000 μM), a linear relationship between initial rates of uptake and Zn concentration was observed. Zn at a low concentration (2 μM) was countertransported by 2 mM ZnCI2 pretreatment and inhibited by the presence of cadmium (2–20 μM). Countertransportation and cadmium inhibition of Zn uptake was not found at a higher Zn concentration (44 μM). Zn uptake at either 2 or 44 μM was not inhibited by pretreatment and presence of 300 μM dinitrophenol. Lowering of temperature from 37 °C to 20 °C and 4 °C depressed Zn uptake at 44 μM by 65% and 82%, respectively. However, at 2 μM Zn, the uptake was equivalent at 20 °C and 37 °C and showed a decrease of 70% at 4 °C. Zn uptake at either 44 or 2 μM in short (1–70 min) or long (1–24 h) studies was unaffected by concentrations of glucose that stimulated insulin secretion. The results present the evidence that a facilitated mechanism of Zn transport predominates at low Zn concentrations and a diffusion mechanism of entry predominates at higher Zn concentrations.
Chronic Conditions and Utility-Based Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors

Health utility, a summary measure of quality of life, has not been previously used to compare outcomes among childhood cancer survivors and individuals without a cancer history. We estimated health utility (0, death; 1, perfect health) using the Short Form-6D (SF-6D) in survivors (n = 7105) and siblings of survivors (n = 372) (using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort) and the general population (n = 12 803) (using the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey). Survivors had statistically significantly lower SF-6D scores than the general population (mean = 0.769, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.766 to 0.771, vs mean = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.806 to 0.813, respectively, ITALIC! P< .001, two-sided). Young adult survivors (age 18-29 years) reported scores comparable with general population estimates for people age 40 to 49 years. Among survivors, SF-6D scores were largely determined by number and severity of chronic conditions. No clinically meaningful differences were identified between siblings and the general population (mean = 0.793, 95% CI = 0.782 to 0.805, vs mean = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.806 to 0.813, respectively). This analysis illustrates the importance of chronic conditions on long-term survivor quality of life and provides encouraging results on sibling well-being. Preference-based utilities are informative tools for outcomes research in cancer survivors.
Internationalism in medicine and public health.

L'A. decrit l'interdependance de chaque pays en medecine et en sante publique, resultant de conferences internationales ou de missions religieuses au-dela de chaque frontiere
Temperature-dependent characteristics of near-infrared organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes (Conference Presentation)

Photosensors responsive to the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra are used in a variety of applications including environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and optical communications. However, most organic semiconductors do not absorb in the SWIR region. Here we show novel donor-acceptor polymers with narrow bandgap responsive in the SWIR region, and the polymers are processed into photodiodes with structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ)/Al. The performance of devices with different polymer structures are compared through metrics including detectivity, quantum efficiency, response time and rectification ratio, to determine the mechanisms of charge recombination loss in charge transfer states and charge transport process. We also use different solution-processed interfacial functional layers (e.g. ZnO, MoO3, TiO2) as electrode interface structures. The results provide guideline for selecting suitable polymers and design of device structures, to enable high performance SWIR photosensor via scalable solution-processed fabrication.
Temporal encoding of spectral modulations in chirped pulses

We derive a connection between time and frequency domains for sinusoidal modulations of chirped optical pulses and demonstrate its use as a single-shot, ultrafast diagnostic for periodic structures.
G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR KINASE 5 POLYMORPHISMS AND OUTCOMES IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HEART FAILURE TRIAL: RESULTS FROM THE GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEART FAILURE IN AFRICAN-AMERICANS SUB-STUDY

Background: G-protein receptor kinases (GRKs) are central to beta receptor inactivation. A polymorphism for GRK5, common in African Americans, substitutes leucine (T allele) for glutamine (A allele) at amino acid 41. GRK5 Leu41 boosts beta receptor desensitization, and may impact heart failure
Spectral efficiency enhancement of multiresolution multiplexing

A novel approach is proposed for spectral efficiency enhancement of multiresolution multiplexing (MM), when carrier to noise is low. MM is introduced as a baseband multiple-input, multiple-output system. The reliable capacity bound is discussed for MM, when successive interference cancellation algorithm is used as optimal detector at receiver. The spectral efficiency of the enhanced MM is evaluated and compared with the spectral efficiency of quadrature amplitude modulation of the same constellation size. A basic adaptive loading design towards spectral efficiency enhancement is presented.
KeynVision: Exploring Piano Pedagogy in Mixed Reality

Integrating new technology such as Augmented Reality into an established learning context is not a simple process. We explore the use of mixed reality for piano pedagogy, focusing on notation literacy, and playtest a series of prototypes with a panel of practitioners in piano teaching. Our piano training game prototypes called KeynVision (keen-vision) use the Microsoft Hololens to playfully introduce octave scales, chords, and arpeggios to beginners. Based on the results, the augmented contextualization of mixed reality can be an effective tool for aiding students in the process of learning to play piano.
Fusion of uas-based structure-from-motion and optical inversion for seamless topo-bathymetric mapping

Accurate and inexpensive mapping of the littoral zone has implications in land management, cadastral systems, and erosion monitoring. In this study, a small unmanned aircraft system (UAS) equipped with a consumer-grade RGB digital camera is used to evaluate structure-from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and optimal inversion, individually and infusion, for deriving topography and bathymetry elevation. The study area consists of an engineered beach with a shallow littoral zone. First, a comparison is made between 3D point cloud measurements derived from SfM processing and RTK GPS survey data. A denoising method is developed to filter accurate SfM substrate points. Next, a method of band ratio optimization, or optical bathymetric inversion, is evaluated where the water surface occludes and disrupts the SfM feature matching process. Results show that a complementary data fusion method enables generation of a seamless topo-bathymetric elevation model.
Searching for Potential gRNA Off-Target Sites for CRISPR/Cas9 Using Automata Processing Across Different Platforms

The CRISPR/Cas system is a bacteria immune system protecting cells from foreign genetic elements. One version that attracted special interest is CRISPR/Cas9, because it can be modified to edit genomes at targeted locations. However, the risk of binding and damaging off-target locations limits its power. Identifying all these potential off-target sites is thus important for users to effectively use the system to edit genomes. This process is computationally expensive, especially when one allows more differences in gRNA targeting sequences. In this paper, we propose using automata to search for off-target sites while allowing differences between the reference genome and gRNA targeting sequences. We evaluate the automata-based approach on four different platforms, including conventional architectures such as the CPU and the GPU, and spatial architectures such as the FPGA and Micron's Automata Processor. We compare the proposed approach with two off-target search tools (CasOFFinder (GPU) and CasOT (CPU)), and achieve over 83x speedups on the FPGA compared with CasOFFinder and over 600x speedups compared with CasOT. More customized hardware such as the AP can provide additional speedups (1.5x for the kernel execution) compared with the FPGA. We also evaluate the automata-based solution using single-thread HyperScan (a high-performance automata processing library) on the CPU. HyperScan outperforms CasOT by over 29.7x. The automata-based approach on iNFAnt2 (a DFA/NFA engine on the GPU) does not consistently work better than CasOFFinder, and only show a slightly better speedup compared with single-thread HyperScan on the CPU (4.4x for the best case). These results show that the automata-based approach provides significant algorithmic benefits, and that accelerators such as the FPGA and the AP can provide substantial additional speedups. However, iNFAnt2 does not confer a clear advantage because the proposed method does not map well to the GPU architecture. Furthermore, we propose several methods to further improve the performance on spatial architectures, and some potential architectural modifications for future automata processing hardware.
Heterogeneous system implementation of deep learning neural network for object detection in OpenCL framework

One of the major challenges in these days is "How can we implement up-to-date object detection algorithm in the heterogeneous system?" As in 2012 Visual Object Classes Challenge (VOC)[1] have achieved a very satisfied performance of deep learning neural network (DNN) algorithm, but it depends on CUDA [2] GPU framework and can only be applied on NVIDIA accelerators. We prefer to use a more generic acceleration framework, OpenCL [3] is a golden key to achieve the requirement. Instead of CUDA for NVIDIA GPU only, OpenCL can be applied to the heterogeneous system including CPU, GPU, DSP, FPGA, etc. Heterogeneous systems are more flexible, some of them are designed for portable devices, and some are designed for low power parallel computation. These special devices play a very important role in modern life. In this paper, we present OpenCL based heterogeneous system implementation and apply DNN framework in two typical heterogeneous systems: portable system and FPGA system. Our work shows following contributions: (1) We implement a generic OpenCL based DNN object recognition framework which can executed on general GPUs (AMD, NVIDIA, etc). (2) We implement our framework on embedded system Odroid XU4 [4] by using multiple GPUs and increase 25.8% processing time. (3) We implement our framework on FPGA system and reduce the power consumption by 84.3% compared with TitanXGPU.
Transmission line parameter-free fault location results using field data

Various types of transmission line fault location algorithms have been proposed in the past. One type of methods dispenses with line parameters, which is named line parameter free algorithm. This paper reports verification results based on field data for line parameter free fault location algorithms. The methods are two-terminal method, requiring voltages and currents from both terminals of a transmission line. The field data used are unsynchronized. In comparison, results obtained by classical methods that require line parameters are also presented. Results indicate that the parameter free algorithms yield comparable results with those obtained by classical methods that require line parameters, and thus may be desirable in practical applications, especially in cases of absence of line parameters. This paper also proposes a new method for quantifying the impact of potential factors on fault location accuracy based on probability theory.
Colorectal and cardiovascular effects of [Lys 5 ,MeLeu 9 ,Nle 10 ]-NKA (4-10) in anesthetized macaques

The effects of the tachykinin NK2 receptor agonist LMN-NKA ([Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10)) on colorectal and arterial blood pressure were examined in anesthetized macaques. Intravenous (IV) administration of 1–100 μg/kg caused dose-related increases in colorectal pressure up to 120 mmHg above baseline, and area under the curve (AUC) up to 24,987 mmHg*s. This was accompanied at all doses by transient hypotension, with up to 26% reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from baseline. Hypotension, but not the increase in colorectal pressure, was inhibited by a 10-min pretreatment with the NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994. In a pilot experiment using subcutaneous (SC) injection, a similar dose range of LMN-NKA (3–100 μg/kg) again appeared to increase colorectal pressure with a similar AUC (up to 18,546 mmHg*s) to that seen after IV injection, but lower peak amplitude (up to 49 mmHg). Unlike the effects of IV injection, hypotension was only present after the highest SC dose (100 μg/kg) in one of two animals. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed markedly lower plasma exposures after SC compared with IV administration. Cmax was 39.6 versus 1070 ng/mL, and AUCinf was 627 versus 2090 ng/mL*min, respectively. These findings are consistent with previous observations in anesthetized dogs and indicate that the prokinetic effects of LMN-NKA may be achieved without hypotension using a route of administration that avoids unnecessarily high plasma exposures.
Exposure of Barrett’s and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells to bile acids activates EGFR–STAT3 signaling axis via induction of APE1

The development of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is highly linked to exposure to acidic bile salts due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this study, we investigated the role of Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor-1 (APE1/REF-1) in STAT3 activation in response to acidic bile salts. Our results indicate that APE1 is constitutively overexpressed in EAC, whereas its expression is transiently induced in response to acidic bile salts in non-neoplastic BE. Using overexpression or shRNA knockdown of APE1, we found that APE1 is required for phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activation of STAT3. By using an APE1 redox-specific mutant (C65A) and APE1 redox inhibitor (E3330), we demonstrate that APE1 activates STAT3 in a redox-dependent manner. By using pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic knockdown systems, we found that EGFR is a required link between APE1 and STAT3. EGFR phosphorylation (Y1068) was directly associated with APE1 levels and redox function. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays indicated that APE1 coexists and interacts with the EGFR-STAT3 protein complex. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrated a significant induction in mRNA expression levels of STAT3 target genes (IL-6, IL-17A, BCL-xL, Survivin, and c-MYC) in BE and EAC cells, following acidic bile salts treatment. ChIP assays indicated that acidic bile salts treatment enhances binding of STAT3 to the promoter of its target genes, Survivin and BCL-xL. Inhibition of APE1/REF-1 redox activity using E3330 abrogated STAT3 DNA binding and transcriptional activity. The induction of APE1-STAT3 axis in acidic bile salts conditions provided a survival advantage and promoted cellular proliferation. In summary, our study provides multiple pieces of evidence supporting a critical role for APE1 induction in activating the EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis in response to acidic bile salts, the main risk factor for Barrett's carcinogenesis.
The FVB Background Does Not Dramatically Alter the Dystrophic Phenotype of Mdx Mice

The mdx mouse is the most frequently used animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal muscle disease caused by the loss of dystrophin. Mdx mice are naturally occurring dystrophin-null mice on the C57BL/10 (BL10) background. We crossed black mdx to the white FVB background and generated mdx/FVB mice. Compared to that of age- and sex-matched FVB mice, mdx/FVB mice showed characteristic limb muscle pathology similar to that of original mdx mice. Further, the forelimb grip strength and limb muscle (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus) specific force of mdx/FVB mice were significantly lower than that of wild type FVB mice. Consistent with what has been reported in original mdx mice, mdx/FVB mice also showed increased susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced force loss and elevated serum creatine kinase. Our results suggest that the FVB background does not dramatically alter the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice.
Self-Care Support for Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: iCancerHealth

Background Patient-centered symptom assessment and management tools allow patients to perform self-assessments and engage in self-symptom management. Efficacious tools exist for reducing symptom distress; however, little is known about feature-specific use. Objectives This article evaluates the feasibility of the iCancerHealth app as an adjunct to usual patient education regarding cancer symptoms and medication management. Methods We conducted a single-arm, pilot study grounded in the health outcomes model. Our evaluation included (1) enrollment rates, (2) 2-month utilization rates, (3) patient acceptability, and (4) clinician satisfaction with the provider-side application. English-speaking, adult patients receiving care in the gastrointestinal oncology service of a comprehensive cancer center were invited to participate. Research coordinators enrolled consenting participants who had a personal, Internet-connected device; participants registered and used the platform to complete the baseline symptom assessment in clinic. Participants were reminded weekly to use the app and to perform a symptom report 4 to 6 weeks later. Results A total of 64 patients were approached, of which 57 (89%; 95% exact confidence interval [CI], 79–96%) enrolled. About half were ≥ 60 years old and 40% were women. Fifty-three patients (93%; 95% exact CI, 85–99%) accessed at least one app feature, at least once, from home. The most frequently used (86%) feature was Health Tracker in which participants monitored and reported symptoms; followed by My Inbox (63%) and My Medications features (60%). The mean acceptability score was 24.8 (standard deviation = 4.2), indicating good acceptability. Clinicians reported that the app was most acceptable with regard to facilitating in-person interactions that occurred after app use. Conclusion In a sample of adults with various stages of gastrointestinal malignancies, the iCancerHealth app was utilized at a high rate. Features that focused on symptoms and medication side effects plus communication with clinicians were used most frequently. This extends our understanding of preferences and specific feature use with patient-centered technologies.
Backhaul-Constrained Multicell Cooperation Leveraging Sparsity and Spectral Clustering

Multicell cooperative processing with limited backhaul traffic is studied for cellular uplinks. Aiming at reduced backhaul overhead, a sparse multicell linear receive-filter design problem is formulated. Both unstructured distributed cooperation and clustered cooperation, in which base station groups are formed for tight cooperation, are considered. Dynamic clustered cooperation, where the sparse equalizer and the cooperation clusters are jointly determined, is solved via alternating minimization based on spectral clustering and group-sparse regression. Furthermore, decentralized implementations of both unstructured and clustered cooperation schemes are developed for scalability, robustness, and computational efficiency. Extensive numerical tests verify the efficacy of the proposed methods.
Case 23-2019: A 52-Year-Old Man with Fever, Cough, and Hypoxemia

A 52-Year-Old Man with Fever, Cough, and Hypoxemia A 52-year-old man presented to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of hypoxemia. Seven days before presentation, nonproductive cough and a t...
Evaluating the output of recursive routines using successive queues

This paper shows a method of evaluating the results of recursive subprograms without using stacks, but using successive queues. In the sense used here, we start with a queue including just one item, namely the call to the recursive routine, using a suitable notation (usually compacted). The queue is then expanded one level into a new queue, using left-to-right evaluation, including a notation which shows which items are fully evaluated and which items yet need to be evaluated via calls back to the subprogram. The development of new queues stops when there are no more calls in the queue; in this case, what remains is the output desired, in left-to-right order. (Sometimes the last queue contains operations which must be completed before the problem is solved.) One reviewer of this paper suggested an alternate title for this paper, which I'll reword as: “Evaluating the Output of a Recursive Routine Using Left-to Right Expansion Rules Based on the Recursive Routine.” But I prefer my title, as it is simpler, though slightly restrictive for the general cases.
Abstract 5130: Proteomic characterization of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in human metastatic breast cancer cells

One of the characteristic features of metastatic breast cancer is altered lipid metabolism, including increased cellular storage of neutral lipid in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLD accumulation is associated with increased cancer aggressiveness, suggesting CLDs contribute to metastasis. Although multiple hypotheses exist for how CLDs may promote cancer progression, how exactly CLDs contribute to breast cancer metastasis is not clear. CLDs are composed of a neutral lipid core, a phospholipid monolayer, and associated proteins. Proteins that associate with CLDs are thought to regulate CLD metabolism; however, the proteome of CLDs in metastatic breast cancer and how these proteins may contribute to altered lipid metabolism and breast cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, we utilized untargeted shotgun proteomics and transmission electron microscopy to identify the proteome and assess the characteristics of CLDs in the MCF10CA1a human metastatic breast cancer cell line. We identified a total number of 1537 proteins in the CLD fraction isolated from MCF10CA1a cells, and these proteins were associated with a variety of cellular processes. Interestingly, unlike other cell lines such as adipocytes or enterocytes, the most enriched protein categories were involved in cellular processes outside of lipid metabolism. For example, proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion were the most enriched in the CLD fraction, and some of these proteins had associated terms in cell migration and signaling. In addition, we characterized CLD size and area in MCF10CA1a cells using transmission electron microscopy. Our results provide a hypothesis-generating list of potential players in breast cancer progression and aggressiveness, making them possible therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of this disease. Citation Format: Alyssa S. Zembroski, Chaylen Andolino, Kimberly K. Buhman, Dorothy Teegarden. Proteomic characterization of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in human metastatic breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5130.
Netrin1 deficiency activates MST1 via UNC5B receptor, promoting dopaminergic apoptosis in Parkinson's disease.

The Hippo (MST1/2) pathway plays a critical role in restricting tissue growth in adults and modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Netrin1, a secreted laminin-related protein, is essential for nervous system development. However, the mechanisms underlying MST1 regulation by the extrinsic signals remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Netrin1 reduction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) activates MST1, which selectively binds and phosphorylates netrin receptor UNC5B on T428 residue, promoting its apoptotic activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Netrin1 deprivation stimulates MST1 activation and interaction with UNC5B, diminishing YAP levels and escalating cell deaths. Knockout of UNC5B abolishes netrin depletion-induced dopaminergic loss, whereas blockade of MST1 phosphorylating UNC5B suppresses neuronal apoptosis. Remarkably, Netrin1 is reduced in PD patient brains, associated with MST1 activation and UNC5B T428 phosphorylation, which is accompanied by YAP reduction and apoptotic activation. Hence, Netrin1 regulates Hippo (MST1) pathway in dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD via UNC5B receptor.
OpenStreetMap mapathons support critical data and visual literacy instruction.

OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapathons can offer a learner-centered means for critical data literacy and visual literacy instruction. Mapathons have been used as coordinated humanitarian mapping events in which participants use geographic information system (GIS) data and satellite imagery to create open-source maps for humanitarian support. Visual mapping is an effective learning activity because it encourages students to use big data to create a deliverable—an open-source map—that allows instructors to engage learners in data literacy and visual literacy at the highest cognitive level. Virtual Projects are published on an annual basis in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) following an annual call for virtual projects in MLAConnect and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries. An advisory committee of recognized technology experts selects project entries based on their currency, innovation, and contribution to health sciences librarianship.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy: autofluorescence imaging and beyond

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, FLIO, has gained large interest in the scientific community in the recent years. It is a noninvasive imaging modality that has been shown to provide additional information to conventional imaging modalities. The FLIO device is based on a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis system. Autofluorescence lifetimes are excited at 473 nm and recorded in two spectral wavelength channels, a short spectral channel (SSC, 498–560 nm) and a long spectral channel (LSC, 560–720 nm). Typically, mean autofluorescence lifetimes in a 30° retinal field are investigated. FLIO shows a clear benefit for imaging different retinal diseases. For example, in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ring patterns of prolonged FLIO lifetimes 1.5–3.0 mm from the fovea can be appreciated. Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) shows a different pattern, with prolonged FLIO lifetimes within the typical MacTel zone. In Stargardt disease, retinal flecks can be appreciated even before they are visible with other imaging modalities. Early hydroxychloroquine toxicity appears to be detectable with FLIO. This technique has more potential that has yet to be discovered. This review article focuses on current knowledge as well as pitfalls of this technology. It highlights clinical benefits of FLIO imaging in different ophthalmic and systemic diseases, and provides an outlook with perspectives from the authors.
The Effects of Changes in State SSI Supplements on Preretirement Labor Supply

Because the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program has both income limits and asset limits, those on the margin of eligibility for the elderly component of the program face incentives to reduce...
Surgical Education and Training in the US: a Collaborative Effort to Deliver the Next Generation of Surgeons

The foundational principles of surgical training in the USA are based on didactic education, structured skill training, and experiential learning in surgical patient care with the supervision of surgical faculty. A consortium of professional organizations, academic institutions, and teaching hospitals with surgical faculty provide the structural framework, policies, and curriculum to train and evaluate surgeons capable of independent practice. This manuscript describes the roles of the organizations responsible for surgical training in the USA and highlights areas in evolution in the modern surgical education landscape.