cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(9;11) translocation: a distinct subset of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is typically associated with the FAB-L3 morphology and rearrangement of the MYC gene, features characteristic of the leukemic phase of Burkitt's lymphoma. However, the term 'mature' has also been used to describe other rare cases of B-ALL with light-chain surface immunoglobulin expression. In contrast, infantile B-cell ALL is generally characterized by rearrangement of the MLL gene, an immature pro-B-cell phenotype, and CD10 negativity. We describe two unusual cases of infantile B-ALL with non-L3 morphology, expressing a mature B-cell phenotype (lambda sIg+, CD19+, CD10-, TdT-, and CD34-), and showing MLL rearrangement without MYC rearrangement at presentation. Both infants relapsed after months of morphologic and genetic remission. At relapse, the t(9;11) translocation was detected in both cases by spectral karyotyping. After the initial relapse, both cases followed a rapid and aggressive course. Literature search identified few similar cases, all expressed lambda surface immunoglobulin and showed MLL rearrangement (majority with the t(9;11) translocation). These cases show that B-ALL with MLL rearrangement, especially the t(9;11) translocation, can express a 'mature' B-cell phenotype and may represent a distinct subset. Identification of additional cases will further clarify the significance of MLL rearrangements in mature B-ALL.
A new data structure — the grid

Abstract Grids are arrays that can have any shape. Grid elements need not be contiguous i.e. grids can have holes in them. For example, grids can be trapezoidal, parabolic, rectangular with a hole, or pyramid-like. Programs written using grids and the grid iteration statement are more general than those written using arrays and/or functions to simulate non-array shapes. To alter an existing program to work for another grid shape, one need only modify the grid declaration suitably, leaving the rest of the program intact. Programs are smaller, semantically clearer and have a more natural problem representation. Grids may be used to represent sparse matrices. Using Fortran as the base language, we show by means of examples from numerical analysis and engineering that the use of grids simplifies programming considerably. Efficient ways of implementing grids are discussed. Grids have been implemented as an extension to Fortran .
Metallocene‐methylaluminoxane catalysts for olefin polymerization. V. Comparison of Cp2ZrCl2 and CpZrCl3

The ethylene polymerization by Cp2ZrCl2/MAO (Cp = η5: cyclopentadienyl; MAO = methyl aluminoxane) and CpZrCl3/MAO have been studied. The MW and PD (= Mw/Mw) of polymers obtained after 2.5-60 min are the same, which indicate short chain lifetime. The values of rate constants for Cp2ZrCl2 at 70°C are: kp = 168−1670 (M s)−1 and ktrA1 = 0.012-0.81 s−1 depending upon [Zr] and [MAO,] ktrβ = 0.28 s−1, and ktrH = 0.2 M−1 torr−1/2 s−1. These chain transfer rate constant values are two to three orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding values found for MgCl2 supported titanium catalysts. One significant difference between the heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts is that the former decays according to an apparent second order kinetics, whereas the latter decay is simple first order at 0°C and biphasic first order at higher temperatures. The productivity of the catalysts depends weekly on temperature while the MW decreases strongly with increase of temperature above 30°C. All the active species were formed upon mixing Cp2ZrCl2 with MAO while it took up to 20 min for the CpZnCl3/MAO system. The productivity of the former increase more strongly with the decrease of [Zr] than the latter. Otherwise, the two catalyst systems have all their kinetic parameters differing less than a factor of two.
In-situ Measurement of GaAs Optical Constants and Surface Quality, as Functions of Temperature

In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was applied to monitor GaAs (100) surface changes induced at elevated temperatures inside an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber ( −9 torr base pressure, without As overpressure). The real time data showed clearly the evolution of the native-oxide desorption at ∼577°C, on a molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE)-grown GaAs (100) surface. In addition, surface degradation was found before and after the oxide desorption. A clean and smooth surface was obtained from an arsenic-capped, MBE-grown GaAs sample, after the arsenic coating was evaporated at ∼350 °C inside the UHV. Pseudodielectric functions GaAs, from 1.6 eV to 4.5 eV, were obtained through the SE measurements, from this oxide-free surface, at temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to ∼610 °C. These data were used as reference data to develop an algorithm for determining surface temperatures from in-situ SE measurements, thus turning the SE instrument into a sensitive optical thermometer.
Movement, injuries and growth of members of a natural population of the Pacific pygmy octopus, Octopus digueti

Sampling inadequacies and an inability to distinguish age classes have limited our knowledge of octopus biology in nature. Using an artificial shelter sampling technique (Voight, 1988a), and defining mature males by the presence of enlarged suckers (Voight, In press), an intertidal population of Octopus digueti was monitored for one year. In total, 803 octopuses were narcotized; the mass, sex, arm injuries and reproductive condition of each octopus were recorded. Captures were more frequent in lower intertidal areas offering higher shelter availability and a more moderate environment. Capture rates, assumed to indicate octopus movement, correlated with sea temperature except during full moon periods when they were reduced. Over 26%, of the octopuses handled had damaged arms or arm tips, with dorsal arm pairs more often injured. The overall sex ratio was significantly male biased, probably due to maturity-linked mobility differences between the sexes. Reproduction occurred throughout the year; reproductively competent adults, brooding females and juveniles were present every month. However, annual temperature oscillations synchronize spring hatching of eggs spawned from winter to early spring, creating a clear spring cohort. Growth and age at maturity of males in the spring and autumn cohorts were estimated. Variance was too high for these parameters to be estimated in the winter cohort. Growth rates of males over 12 weeks of age did not differ from those reported in laboratory rearing studies. Estimated average age at maturity ranged from 20 to 32 weeks, depending on temperature.
Datafax 4.0: simple text storage and retrieval

Datafax 4.0 is a relatively simple text storage and retrieval package with limited functionality. Datafax 4.0 is for use with IBM/PCs, ATs, PS/2s and compatible computers. The package sells for $99 (business version $299), All Easy‐Software Corp.. 28052 Camino Capistrano ♯201. Laguna Niguel, CA 92677, USA. Tel: (800) ALL‐EASY, (714) 364‐2886.
Deployable Aerodynamic Decelerators for Space Missions

Aerodynamic deceleration systems for space missions, considering deployment of subsonic parachute and inflatable configuration following atmospheric entry
Isolation of the Rat Spermatid Manchette and Its Perinuclear Ring

Abstract The manchette is a transient structure that develops during spermiogenesis. It consists of three components: a perinuclear ring, a microtubule mantle inserted in the ring, and dense plaques attached at the distal end of the mantle. A procedure has been developed for the fractionation of intact manchettes from rat spermatids. Each fractionation step was monitored by indirect immunofluorescence using an antibody to unmodified α-tubulin. Indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrate that fractionated manchettes are relatively intact. A thermocleavage step was used to sever the microtubule mantle from the perinuclear ring. Microtubules of the mantle collected in a stabilizing buffer containing Taxol formed long bundles of side-by-side aligned microtubules. The perinuclear ring sample consisted of circular-shaped units of different diameter with truncated microtubules still attached to the ring, a property that enabled the initial recognition of the rings by α-tubulin antibody staining. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments using isoform-specific antibodies to α-tubulins show that the manchette contains acetylated, tyrosinated, glutamylated α-tubulin and an α-3/7 tubulin isoform. The same α-tubulin isoforms were observed in the axoneme of the sperm tail. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fractionation maps of silver-stained proteins of the intact manchette show four predominant proteins: α- and β-tubulins, β-actin, vimentin, and a 62-kDa protein. The latter persisted in thermocleaved perinuclear ring samples. Results of this study indicate that the newly developed procedure for the fractionation of manchettes will facilitate a direct characterization of posttranslationally modified tubulin variants, microtubule-associatedproteins, and the components of the perinuclear ring of this largely neglected structure of the spermiogenic process.
Acute epiglottitis. An 18-year experience in Rhode Island.

Objective To assess the incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of epiglottitis in a defined population over an 18-year period. Design Case series. Setting The state of Rhode Island, 1975 through 1992. Patients or other participants Cases who met predetermined criteria for acute epiglottitis identified from hospital discharges and the State Medical Examiner's log of prehospitalization deaths. Main outcome measures Incidence by year and age, clinical presentation, results of diagnostic evaluations, management, and outcome. Results Four hundred seven cases were identified, 134 in children and 273 in adults. Incidence in children dropped from 38 cases in the first 3 years of the study to 1 case in the last 3 years (p Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia (p Conclusions: There have been significant changes in the clinical epidemiology of epiglottitis, which now occurs almost exclusively in adults, often with less severe symptoms and a lower incidence of H influenzae infection. While careful observation is indicated for all patients, the data suggest that those with certain clinical characteristics can be treated safely without an immediate artificial airway.
Bidirectional scattering of light from tree leaves

A laboratory goniometer consisting of an He-Ne laser (632.8 nm), vertical leaf holder, and silicon photovoltaic detector was used to measure the bidirectional scattering (both transmittance and reflectance) of red oak and red maple. The illumination angles were 0, 30, and 60 deg, and the scattering was recorded approximately every 10 deg in the principal plane. The scattering profiles obtained show the non-Lambertian characteristics of the scattering, particularly for the off-nadir illumination directions. The transmitted light was more isotropic than the reflected light.
Electrical properties of manganese‐doped gallium phosphide

Single crystals of GaP : Mn were grown by the LEC and VGF techniques. From Hall‐effect measurements, a simple acceptor defect with an energy level 0.4–0.43 eV from the valence band was observed, the higher values being characteristic of light doping. EPR shows an isotropic spectrum with a g value of 2.002 which suggests a d5 configuration in cubic symmetry. This implies that the principal defect in as‐grown material involves Mn on lattice sites in place of gallium and that there is no complexing with vacancies or with other impurities. Other levels, however, are seen following anneals.
Virtual Vision: Simulating Camera Networks in Virtual Reality for Surveillance System Design and Evaluation

I review my research with Faisal Qureshi towards smart camera networks capable of carrying out advanced surveillance tasks with little or no human supervision. A unique centerpiece of our work is the combination of computer vision, computer graphics, and artificial life simulation technologies to develop such networks and experiment with them. Our prototype simulator has enabled us to readily develop and experiment with smart camera networks comprising static and active simulated video surveillance cameras that provide extensive coverage of a large virtual public space, a train station populated by autonomously self animating virtual pedestrians. The simulated networks of smart cameras perform persistent visual surveillance of individual pedestrians with minimal intervention. Our Virtual Vision simulator has been a potent tool in our quest for innovative camera control strategies that naturally address camera aggregation and handoff, are robust against camera and communication failures, and require no camera calibration, detailed world model, or central controller. BIOGRAPHY
Size Preference and Sex Ratio for Pteromalus cerealellae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Stored Corn

Hosts ranging from small larvae to pupae of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (olivier), were exposed to females of the pteromalid parasitoid, Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead), to determine the effects of host size on preference, parasitism success, adult size, and progeny sex ratio of the parasitoid. The parasitoid successfully parasitized larvae (>0.43 mm in maximum body width), prepupae (1.55 ± 0.05 mm [mean ± SEM] mm maximum average body width), and a single pupa (1.20 mm maximum body width). All female parasitoid progeny emerged from hosts that had a maximum body width >0.85 mm. Sixty-four percent of male parasitoid progeny emerged from hosts that had a maximum body width between 0.43 and 0.85 mm. Size of P. cerealellae adults was correlated with host size (larger parasitoids developed on larger hosts). The optimal host sizes for producing female parasitoid progeny were larvae with a maximum body width between 1.69 and 2.05 mm and prepupae. The optimal host sizes for producing male parasitoid progeny were larvae with a maximum body width between 0.57 and 0.70 mm. These results are discussed in terms of maximizing potential biological control of the Angoumois grain moth by this parasitoid.
Numerical Simulation of a Sudden Stratospheric Warming with a Three-Dimensional, Spectral, Quasi-Geostrophic Model

An analysis of a sudden stratospheric warming which developed spontaneously during a winter simulation with a three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic model is described. Changes in the circulation and thermal structure of the winter polar stratosphere that occurred during the warming are shown to be in close agreement with observed behavior: enhanced vertical flux of eddy energy into the stratosphere, rapid temperature increase in high latitudes with a reversal of the zonal mean temperature gradient between midlatitude and pole, destruction of the circumpolar cyclonic vortex, and a marked deceleration of the westerly jet and the appearance of zonal mean easterlies. Energies of the warming are also consistent with observed characteristics. Many aspects of the dynamical development of the present model simulation are shown to agree with a previous model simulation, but there are also areas of disagreement.
Knowledge, information and intellectual property: implications for marketing relationships

Knowledge and information have become an essential asset determining the profitability of technology-intensive enterprises. In knowledge-based industries, knowledge and information can be marketed to potential partners or clients separately from the products and services that are based on the application of specific knowledge. In the new, global computer-intensive economy, the knowledge base of the economy can determine the approval of an enterprise as a producer of future solutions. This means that it is crucial that enterprises identify and develop their knowledge base, not least in their market relationships. Knowledge emerges in network relationships between an enterprise and its surrounding organisations, and can be legally protected as intellectual property (IP). A clearer notion of the way IP can be analysed may improve the economic outcome of investments in innovation. Relationship marketing clearly has a role in the marketing of technological innovation and product development. A high-tech enterprise faces several decisions influencing its position in the market when developing its knowledge base. Key decisions determining the relationships established in a knowledge-intensive market include (i) make or buy decisions; (ii) organisational association or isolation; (iii) the innovation or adaptation of new technology; (iv) the protection or exploitation of knowledge; (v) public or private research funding; (vi) safeguarding or sharing of IP; and (vii) pioneering advantages or disadvantages.
What's a Teacher To Do: Suggestions for Comprehension Strategy Instruction

Reading comprehension clearly involves much more than answering the questions at the end of the chapter. If students are going to become proficient in comprehension, we teachers need to equip them with skills and strategies that are independently transferable. This article provides detailed instructions for two comprehension instructional strategies which the authors have used successfully in elementary and middle school classrooms. The strategies were selected based on authenticity and capacity for use repeatedly throughout the year with learners of different ages. Both strategies support a reader's ability to create mental images and associations using background knowledge. One advantage to these approaches is the limited amount of preparation time needed once students have the received the explicit instruction in crafting a literature response.
Control of particle cluster dispersion using responsive polymeric additives

Abstract The dispersion behavior of clusters of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica treated with a thermoresponsive polymer has been investigated. The influence of the thermoresponsive interfacial chemistry was assessed by performing dispersion studies in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) at 25 and 68 °C for agglomerates of powders incorporating poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), a thermoresponsive polymer, and water. While the dispersion of clusters of hydrophilic silica was found to be temperature independent, dispersion of hydrophobic silica exhibited a temperature dependency. The response of the polymer upon temperature variation brings about modifications in the interparticle interactions of the PNIPAM-treated powders thus leading to changes in the cluster cohesivity. The dependence of the cluster cohesivity on temperature was evidenced through changes in the dispersion mechanism and kinetics of the treated silica clusters at both tested temperatures. In addition, optical microscopy of silica suspensions with and without PNIPAM at 25 and 60 °C, illustrated the effect of the polymer presence and configuration on the particle–particle interaction forces. While micrographs of the particles at 25 °C show less evidence of particle aggregation, the micrographs at 60 °C illustrate an increase in aggregation suggesting an enhancement in the attractive forces between particles.
Lateral Graphene Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistor

We report the first experimental demonstration of a lateral graphene heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) at wafer scale, where the graphene heterostructure channel consists of epitaxial graphene (Gr)/fluorographene (GrF)/graphene (Gr). GrF is a widebandgap material, providing a potential barrier to lateral carrier transport. Gate bias modulation of the Gr/GrF/Gr barrier via an electric field effect results in normally-off enhancement-mode graphene HFETs with an ON-OFF switching ratio of 105 at room temperature. These devices also demonstrate excellent current-voltage saturation, providing a potential path for active RF applications.
Computed tomography in bronchogenic carcinoma

As was indicated at the beginning of this review, a concensus does not exist regarding many aspects of the use of CT in evaluating bronchogenic carcinoma. When and how CT is used, therefore, becomes a function of the beliefs of the physician caring for the patient. The radiologist must be familiar with this philosophy to be able to advise when CT will be of value. Despite all of the variables considered on the preceding pages, there are some facts. (1) Normal mediastinal lymph nodes may be larger than 1 cm in maximal transverse diameter; the majority are not. (2) An enlarged node (independent of definition) need not harbor metastases. Histologic proof is necessary, especially if this information will preclude surgery. (3) CT less frequently offers usable information in small peripheral cancers. The use of CT in peripheral cancers is very much dependent on the surgeon's philosophy. (4) Important information for patient care is more frequently obtained in patients with central lesions or peripheral lesions associated with abnormal hili or mediastinums. This is also closely related to surgical philosophy. (5) Prediction of either chest wall or mediastinal invasion is treacherous and should only be diagnosed when the findings are certain.
Effects of turbulence on the feeding rate of a pelagic predator : the planktonic hydroid Clytia gracilis

Abstract Relatively little is known about the role of turbulence in a predator–prey system where the predator is a passive, pelagic forager. The Campanulariid hydroid Clytia gracilis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is unusual because it occurs as planktonic colonies and is reported to forage passively in the water column on Georges Bank, Massachusetts, USA. In this study, we investigated the role of various turbulence conditions on the feeding rate of C. gracilis colonies in laboratory experiments. We found a positive relationship between turbulence velocities and feeding rates up to a turbulent energy dissipation rate of ca. 1 cm 2 s − 3 . Beyond this threshold feeding rate decreased slightly, indicating a dome-shaped relationship. Additionally, a negative relationship was found between feeding efficiency and hydroid colony size under lower turbulent velocities, but this trend was not significant under higher turbulence regimes.
Simulation modeling of the level of use of e-health system and optimization of its effect on patient quality of life

Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS) is a disease-specific computer-based system designed to meet information and support needs. The users of discussion group, the most used service provided through CHESS, gain enhanced quality of life (QoL). A benefit-based model for sustainable use of discussion group is developed, validated, and analyzed. The model deals with the system of opposing forces that link discussion group size and communication activity and the chances of participation by a member. The model was calibrated based on a subset of empirical data collected from two randomized clinical trials of breast cancer patients, while the remaining data was used to validate. Simulation experiments were conducted to determine the model's predictions regarding the impact of CHESS on QoL. The results imply that the use of communication in electronic support groups will enhance the QoL of cancer patients balancing the opposing forces of group size and communication activity.
Acid-base reactions on model MgO surfaces

Three MgO surfaces of different structures have been employed as models for study of the acid-base properties of MgO. Surface spectroscopies including XPS, UPS, and ISS were used to determine the nature and the absolute coverage of surface intermediates, and the nature of bonding sites upon adsorption of Bronsted acid molecules on these surfaces. Different behavior patterns of the Bronsted acid molecules with varying strengths on the three model surfaces provide insights into the site requirements for dissociation of Bronsted acids on MgO. The base-catalyzed Cannizzaro reaction of formaldehyde was observed on these model surfaces under UHV conditions.
Multi-focus fractal-graph networks

Abstract We introduce the notion of multi-focus fractal-graph networks which are used to characterize large dynamic telecommunication, computer and data networks. These networks are synthesized using recently developed concepts of fractal geometry and are characterized by a fractal dimension, more than one central node and a large number of auxiliary nodes. Performance characteristics of these networks are related to their geometrical and fractal descriptors. Several examples, using three general classes of these networks, are developed here based on a modified diffusion-limited aggregation process in which hundreds or thousands of nodes are involved. Network performance of these classes is compared and contrasted.
Socioeconomic status and trajectory of overweight from birth to mid-childhood: the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort.

Objective Our objective was to use longitudinal data from a US birth cohort to test whether the probability of overweight or obesity during the first 6 years of life varied according to socioeconomic status. Design and Methods Using six waves of longitudinal data from full-term children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001–2007; n≈4,950), we examined the prevalence of overweight or obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI)>2 standard deviations above age- and sex- specific WHO Childhood Growth Standard reference mean; henceforth, “overweight/obesity”) according to age, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity using generalized estimating equation models. Results The association between socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity varied significantly by race/ethnicity, but not by sex. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with socioeconomic status among whites, Hispanics and Asians; the adjusted odds of overweight/obesity began to diverge according to SES after the first 9 months of life. By approximately 4 years, children with the highest SES had a significantly lower odds of overweight/obesity. SES was not significantly related to overweight/obesity among African Americans and American Indians during early childhood. Conclusions Few studies have assessed the associations between SES and overweight/obesity within racial/ethnic groups in the US. We find that in contemporary, US-born children, SES was inversely associated with overweight/obesity among more racial/ethnic groups (whites, Hispanics, and Asians) than previously reported.
A New Statistical Model of Contact Fatigue

A detailed derivation of a new statistical model of contact fatigue life followed by its qualitative and quantitative analysis are presented. The model is based on contact and fracture mechanics and statistical treatment of the initial distribution of material defect. The model assumptions and their validation as well as the model properties are discussed. A parametric study of the model is performed. A generalization of the model for the case of stochastic residual stress or other contact parameters is proposed. Some analytical formulas for calculation of contact fatigue are proposed and analyzed. The validation of the model and its applicability to calculation of bearing fatigue life and some particular data are considered. A reflection of the quality of bearing manufacturing process on the contact fatigue model is discussed. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference in Seattle, Washington, October 1–4, 2000
Studies of Geographic Learning.

ABSTRACT Cross-cultural and developmental research on the untaught mapping abilities of children aged five through ten suggests that mapping behavior is a normal and important process in human development, and that map learning begins long before the child encounters formal geography and cartography. The results of this research may lead to new strategies in early geographic education and new insights on early geographic learning.
Changes in sexual behavior following radiation therapy for cervical cancer.

Twenty-one women with cervical cancer Types I and II, treated by radiation were evaluated by comparing periods before cancer and after therapy in order to identify changes in sexual behavior; if so, whether they attributed the changes to therapy, or whether other factors were associated with being sexually dysfunctional or non-dysfunctional. Data were obtained through administration of a sexual behavior questionnaire, personal interviews and review of medical records. Statistically significant changes were found: decreased frequency of masturbation and intercourse, decreased frequency of orgasm through non-coital sexual activities, less satisfaction with sex, and less enjoyment of intercourse. The majority believed that changes were due to radiation therapy and reflected decreased feelings of self-esteem, sex desirability and attractiveness. Most of the women believed that cancer could be transmitted through intercourse. Women who did not follow advice regarding use of vaginal dilators and did not resume ...
High-spin spectroscopy of 119,121I: Prolate and oblate shape coexistence.

High-spin states in the odd-proton $^{119,121}\mathrm{I}$ isotopes have been studied following heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions using boron and carbon beams. Both prolate (\ensuremath{\gamma}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) and oblate (\ensuremath{\gamma}=-60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) collective bands have been observed built on low-lying positive- and negative-parity proton states, namely, ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$, ${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$, ${\mathit{g}}_{7/2}$, and ${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$ orbitals. At the highest spins (\ensuremath{\sim}39/2) the collective behavior of the ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ yrast band is seen to break down when noncollective oblate states become yrast, resulting in the observation of band termination. The terminating state involves the \ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}[\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{g}}_{7/2}$${]}^{2}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}[\ensuremath{\nu}${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$${]}^{2}$ configuration at \ensuremath{\gamma}=+60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
Constant final state measurements of surface core-level binding energy shifts: InP(110) and GaAs(110)

Abstract The surface core-level binding energy shifts have been obtained for the In4d and the P2p core-levels on the InP(110) surface. In agreement with previous studies of core-level shifts on the cleavage face of III–V semiconductors, the anion and cation shifts are of almost equal magnitude and are of opposite polarity (−0.31 and +0.30 eV respectively). The results are compared with a similar investigation of the GaAs(110) surface and discussed in terms of a recent calculation of surface core-level shifts for the (110) cleavage face of III–V semiconductors.
Calixarene-based mol-ecular capsule from olefin metathesis.

The reaction of tetra­kis­(all­yloxy)calix[4]arene with the first-generation Grubbs catalyst, followed by catalytic hydrogenation, gave the novel bis-calixarene 15,20,46,51,64,69,74,79-octa­oxatridecacyclo[32.28.8.83,28.113,53.122,44.09,14.021,26.038,70.040,45.052,57.059,63.07,80.032,73]octa­conta-1(63),3,5,7(80),9(14),10,12,21,23,25,28(73),29,31,34,36,38(70),40,42,44,52,54,56,59,61-tetra­cosa­ene benzene monosolvate, C72H72O8·C6H6. The structure consists of two calix[4]arene units connected by four-carbon chains at each of the four O atoms on their narrow rims, to form a cage. Each of the calix[4]arene units has a flattened cone conformation in which two of the opposite aryl groups are closer together and nearly parallel [dihedral angle between planes = 7.35 (16)°], and the other two aryl groups are splayed outward [dihedral angle between planes = 72.20 (8)°]. While the cavity contains no solvent or other guest mol­ecule, there is benzene solvent mol­ecule in the lattice. Two of the alkyl linking arms were disordered over two conformations with occupancies of 0.582 (3)/0.418 (3) and 0.33 (4)/0.467 (4). They were constrained to have similar metrical and thermal parameters.
Biglycan-Deficient Mice Have Delayed Osteogenesis after Marrow Ablation

Biglycan (bgn) is a small proteoglycan in skeletal tissue that binds and regulates collagen and TGF-beta activities. Mice deficient in bgn (bgn-KO) develop age-dependent osteopenia and have multiple metabolic defects in their bone marrow stromal cells including increased apoptosis, reduced numbers of colony-forming units-fibroblastic (CFU-F) and decreased collagen production. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that bone formation capability in response to a physiological stress is compromised in bgn deficiency. We tested this theory using an in vivo bone marrow ablation assay. Ablation was performed on 6-week-old wild type (wt) and bgn-KO mice and bones were analyzed at days 7, 10, and 17 postsurgery. X-ray analysis showed that bone marrow ablation in femora induced vigorous new bone formation within 10 days in both genotypes but appeared greater in the wt compared to the bgn-KO. In order to quantitate the changes in bone formation in the ablated animals, bone densities of the proximal, midshaft, and distal femora were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). The ratio of cancellous bone density at the midshaft (ablated limb/control limb) was significantly higher in wt compared to bgn-KO at day 10 postsurgery. Wt and bgn-KO femora had similar total and cancellous bone densities at days 7 and 17 postsurgery at all three locations indicating that the ablation effects were temporal and limited to the cancellous bone of the mid-shaft region. These data indicate that the absence of bgn directly impeded bone formation. Our results support the concept that bgn is important in controlling osteogenesis following marrow ablation.
Practical determination of organ S values for individual patients for therapy

Radiation dose calculations using S values of a reference man can introduce substantial errors for individual patients. We found that all non target sources can be included in the remainder of the body estimate for therapeutic radionuclides. A practical method to derive organ S values based on MIRD data and the mass of the organ and total body of individual patients is proposed.
The United States and Bolivia The Taming of a Revolution, 1952-1957

attempting to accomplish a real and profound revolution which has as its stated objective a material improvement in the standard of living of the country's proletarian groups and the incorporation into the social, economic, and political life of the country of the Indian masses which constitute 90% of the total population. Such a revolution cannot be accomplished without injuring, perhaps fatally, those economic and political sectors which previously controlled the destinies of the country. Such transformations also exact a price whose justification frequently can only be determined by history. Such a balanced approach to a left-wing nationalist movement had rarely been expressed by an U.S. official, particularly during the era of McCarthyism. It was all the more striking in that, while the MNR leadership never envisioned a dramatic break with the West, the reforms it instigated were far more radical than those of such other populist nationalist governments as Mexico under Lazaro Cardenas, Peru under Juan Velasco, or Brazil under Getulio Vargas. Stephen Zunes is an associate professor of politics and chair of the Peace and Justice Studies Program at the University of San Francisco. He teaches courses on Latin American politics and revolutionary movements in the university's new Latin American Studies major. His books include Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective (1999) and Western Sahara: Nationalism and Conflict in Northwest Africa (forthcoming).
Link between L-3-cyanoalanine synthase activity and differential cyanide sensitivity of insects.

Abstract l -3-Cyanoalanine synthase activity is clearly linked to differential cyanide tolerance of two insect species, the southern armyworm (more tolerant) and cabbage looper (less tolerant). Mitochondrial location of this enzyme explains the mitochondrial insensitivity to cyanide, and its induction becomes critical in the current explanation of differential insensitivity to cyanide.
Variable viscosity effects in several natural convection flows

Abstract A regular perturbation analysis is presented for three laminar natural convection flows in liquids with temperature dependent viscosity: a freely-rising plane plume, the flow above a horizontal line source on an adiabatic surface (a plane wall plume) and the flow adjacent to a vertical uniform flux surface. While these flows have well-known power-law similarity solutions when the fluid viscosity is taken to be constant, they are non-similar when the viscosity is considered to be a function of temperature. A single similar flow, that adjacent to a vertical isothermal surface, is also analyzed for comparison in order to estimate the extent of validity of the perturbation analysis. The formulation used here provides a unified treatment of variable viscosity effects on these four flows. With the exception of water, the major temperature variation of the fluid properties of common liquids is seen to be in the absolute viscosity. This has been previously recognized and utilized for other flows and is the basis for the applicability of the present analysis. Computed first-order perturbation quantities are presented for all four flows. Several interesting variable viscosity trends on flow and transport are suggested by the present results. These modifications to a constant viscosity formulation are seen to be significant even within the necessarily limited range of a first-order perturbation analysis. Heat transfer results for the isothermal and uniform heat flux surfaces are in very close agreement with the corresponding data and correlations of previous investigations. The present results also place some previous conclusions regarding plume flows in clearer perspective.
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by a natural fragment of a tRNA synthetase

Human tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases (TyrRS and TrpRS, respectively) link protein synthesis to signal-transduction pathways, including angiogenesis. Fragments of TyrRS stimulate angiogenesis, whereas those of TrpRS (T2-TrpRS) inhibit angiogenesis. Thus, these two synthetases acquired opposing activities during evolution, possibly as a coordinated mechanism for regulating angiogenesis. The recent identification of the cellular target of T2-TrpRS sheds light into the mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition. This mechanism provides a molecular basis for the lack of effect of T2-TrpRS on the normal vasculature. With these features, we suggest that this fragment of a tRNA synthetase might safely be used to arrest neovascularization of tumors. In particular, an anti-angiogenesis agent that stops the growth of tumor vessels without affecting normal vessels might serve as an adjunct to cytotoxic therapy.
On the Optimal Extension of Ground Network Stations to Support NASA's Lunar Exploration

NASA's vision for space exploration is to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon beginning no later than 2020. Its initial base is centered at the lunar south pole and its subsequent sorties and outposts could practically be anywhere on the lunar surface, including the far side. From time to time, there will be a crew exploration vehicle at the Moon exchanging astronauts using a lunar surface access module. It is also proposed to deliver one to two lunar relay satellites to the Moon to increase the connectivity between the Earth ground stations and the users on or near the Moon as well as to alleviate the lunar spacecraft burdens, such as mass and power. As a result, there will be critical periods when multiple spacecrafts at the Moon require simultaneous coverage.
Fine structure of the embryonic envelopes of Oochoristica anolis (Cestoda: Linstowiidae)

The fine structure of embryonic envelopes of a linstowiid cestode,Oochoristica anolis, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Eggs are contained individually within specialized uterine capsules. Despite the added protection of the uterine capsule and modified medullary parenchymal myocytons, each oncosphere is enclosed by the full complement of embryonic envelopes characteristic of most other cyclophyllideans. The embryonic capsule is slightly thickened by deposition of uterine lumenal material on its surface. The syncytial outer envelope contains numerous lipid droplets similar to those of the medullary parenchyma in which the uterine capsules are distributed. Prominent nuclei, mitochondria, ribosomes and glycogen are also present. A bilayered embryophore occupies the distal region of the syncytial inner envelope, which also contains nuclei and numerous ribosomes, but few lipid droplets. One or, more frequently, two oncospheral membranes lie between the inner envelope and oncosphere. These observations suggest that linstowiid embryonic envelopes are formed in a manner similar to those of other cyclophyllideans.
Enhancement of the thymolytic effect of cortisone acetate by SCH 13521.

SCH 13521 (4′-nitro-3′-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide) given daily for 3 days to juvenile, adrenalectomized male rats did not affect the thymus weight even in toxic doses, nor did it enhance the thymolytic effect of simultaneously injected cortisone acetate (CA). However, the thymolytic effect of CA was doubled when injected simultaneously with SCH 13521 in adrenalectomized rats pretreated for 18 days with SCH 13521. In such rats also the CA-induced liver weight increase was enhanced. The weights of the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicles were decreased by SCH 13521, which also decreased the testes weight, indicating an antigonadotropic effect of the drug.
Chemical communication among workers of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Fr. Smith) 3. The experimental induction of social responses

Abstract 1. 1. The following categories of social behaviour among fire ant workers are known to be mediated principally by chemical releasers: recruitment in mass-foraging, recruitment in colony emigration, alarm, grooming, and elementary attraction leading to clustering. Each behaviour pattern can be induced, wholly or in part, by the experimental presentation of chemical substances removed from the bodies of the workers. 2. 2. Colony emigration is organized by odour trails in a manner nearly identical to that employed in mass-foraging. Incipient emigration has been induced with massive doses of extracted trail substance. 3. 3. Alarm behaviour is released principally by a volatile cephalic substance and intensified secondarily by the attractant component of Dufour's gland secretion. 4. 4. Grooming behaviour is characterized as glossal licking of objects unaccompanied by trail-laying. It has been induced artificially with certain fractions of fat-soluble extracts made from whole worker bodies. 5. 5. Workers separated from the nest can be induced to orient toward the air removed from around other groups of workers. Indirect evidence has been obtained that one or more simple gaseous excretory products are adequate to produce the response. Carbon dioxide has been used to produce it artificially.
Outcome of porous tantalum acetabular components for Paprosky type 3 and 4 acetabular defects.

Abstract Porous tantalum acetabular implants provide a potential solution for dealing with significant acetabular bone loss. This study reviews 24 acetabular revisions using tantalum implants for Paprosky type 3 and 4 defects. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 35 ± 19 (range, 4–71) to 88 ± 14 (range, 41–100), p
Acyl specificity in triacylglycerol synthesis by mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC in Fischer rats

Abstract Activities and acyl specificities of both sn -glycero-3-phosphate and diacylglycerol acyltransferases in microsomal fractions isolated frorn homogenates of the mammary adenocardinoma R3230AC carried by Fischer rats were compared to those from normal mammary glands of lactating Fischer rats. Although the neoplasm exhibited lower activities for these two enzyme reactions, the specificities for acyl-CoAs as donors were quite similar to those found in the normal tissue counterpart. Long-chain acyl-CoAs were preferred substrates for the sn -glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase reaction while acyltransferase with diacylglycerol as acceptor showed much less preference. With both normal and neoplastic tissues, the products of each reaction were the same i.e., phosphatides with sn -glycero-3-phosphate and triacylglycerol with diacylglycerol as acyl acceptors, respectively. All results support the concept of a non-random distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerol of this mammary adenocarcinoma in virgin rats which is the same as that from the normal tissue in lactating animals.
A model of transcriptional and morphological changes during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis of the axolotl

Anuran (frog) metamorphosis has long-served as a model of how thyroid hormones regulate post-embryonic development in vertebrates. However, comparatively little is known about urodele (salamander) metamorphosis. We conducted a detailed time-course study of induced metamorphosis in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) that probed metamorphic changes in morphology and gene expression in the skin. Using morphometrics, quantitative PCR, histology, and in situ hybridization we demonstrate that the development of transcriptional markers is fundamental to the resolution of early metamorphic events in axolotls. We then use linear and piecewise linear models to identify a sequence of morphological and transcriptional changes that define larval to adult remodeling events throughout metamorphosis. In addition, we show that transcriptional biomarkers are expressed in specific larval and adult cell populations of the skin and that temporal changes in these biomarkers correlate with tissue remodeling. We compare our results with other studies of natural and induced metamorphosis in urodeles and highlight what appear to be conserved features between urodele and anuran metamorphosis.
The Dictyostelium myosin IE heavy chain gene encodes a truncated isoform that lacks sequences corresponding to the actin binding site in the tail.

Abstract We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones which together span the entire coding sequence for the 114.8 kDa heavy chain of Dictyostelium myosin IE (DMIE). The deduced primary sequence reveals a pattern characteristic of all myosins I, i.e., a myosin-like globular head domain fused to a tail domain that shows no similarity to the coiled-coil rod-like tail of type II myosins. The approx. 35 kDa tail domain of DMIE shows some sequence similarity to the membrane interaction region of other myosins I (tail-homology-region 1; TH-1), but lacks completely the sequences that correspond to the second actin binding site (the glycine-, proline- and alanine-rich TH-2 region and the src-like TH-3 region). Therefore, DMIE more closely resembles DMIA (Titus et al. (1989) Cell Regul 1, 55–63), which is also truncated, than DMIB and DMID, both of which possess all three tail homology regions. The similarity between the DMIE and DMIA isoforms extends to their pattern of expression, in which the steady state level of transcript for both genes is highest in vegetative cells and falls gradually after five to ten hours of starvation-induced development. Together, these results have important implications for interpreting and prioritizing gene targeting experiments designed to identify the functions of myosins I in vivo.
Acute transanal ileal evisceration

This is the 31st report of spontaneous transanal evisceration of small bowel. This case is unique because a rectal prolapse had been repaired previously and at the time of evisceration, there was no evidence of recurrence. Inherent or acquired weakness of the anterior rectal wall combined with a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure appears to precipitate his rare phenomenon. Attention to basic surgical tenets applies in the management of this condition.