cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for use of the perceptual dimensions of color for mapping and visualization

ABSTRACT The color scheme typology that I propose in a forthcoming publication matches the organization of theperceptual dimensions of color to the logical orderings in data sets that are displayed graphically. Theappropriate use of color in complex data displays, such as thematic maps, allows patterns to be easilyobserved. In this proceedings paper, ten color scheme types are matched with systematic paths throughHVC perceptual color space to provide guidance on color selection for a complete range of data visualizationchallenges. I also describe errors in the perceptual structuring of HLS, HSV, and HSB color modelscommonly available for computer graphics. 1. INTRODUCTION The material in this proceedings paper is closely linked with a forthcoming publication1 in which I present adetailed description of a proposed color scheme typology for visualization of data distributions on maps.The key approach in these guidelines is to match the organization of the perceptual dimensions of color(hue, lightness, saturation) to logical orderings within the mapped data. One focus of the previous work ischoosing terms to describe the color scheme types and corresponding data conceptualizations. Generalguidelines are offered for using perceptually organized color for effective visualization of geographic datadistributions. The goal of this proceedings paper is description of the forms of systematic paths throughperceptual color space that are appropriate for each color scheme type to provide more specific guidance forcolor selection. Because this elaboration of the guidelines is based on use of a perceptual color system, Icritique the color systems available for computer graphics in which perceptual scaling is inaccurate.The proposed guidelines are an extension of the teaching and writings2 of Judy Olson at Michigan StateUniversity. They are also based on personal experience and the graphics and research of others. In theforthcoming publication,1 I review literature from cartography and other disciplines discussing colorselection for data visualization. The scheme guidelines are limited to the use of color to directly representdata that occur at locations in the graphic where colors occur (the use of shading, transparency, and glossthat simulate three-dimensional forms are omitted from these guidelines). The types of thematic maps towhich these guidelines apply are continuous-tone and classed choropleth maps (for example, census tractsfilled with colors representing the percentage of the population from an ethnic group), filled isoline maps(for example, color bands that mark set ranges of terrain elevation), and qualitative areal-extent maps (forexample, different colors for different types of vegetation). My hope is that these guidelines and theassociated terminology will also guide the work of people grappling with data visualization challenges indiverse disciplines such as physics, medicine, psychology, and graphic arts.
ANALYSIS OF HUMOR IN THE 1992 PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES

Analysis of the 1992 Presidential debates showed significant differences between candidates across all debates. There was also a difference in the incidence of humor among the three debates. It was noted that the effects of a third party candidate and alternative debate formats need further research.
Denosumab as Bone Modifying Therapy in Solid Tumors

For many solid tumors, bone is a common site of spread and one that compromises the quality of life of patients. The routine use of adjunctive intravenous bisphosphonates (IVBs) decreases skeletal related events such as fracture, hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression, and the need for palliative radiation therapy or orthopaedic stabilization. Denosumab has recently been approved as a bone modifying agent in oncology. This monoclonal antibody inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), which mediates osteoclast differentiation, function and survival. In patient with bone metastases, Denosumab is at least equivalent to the IVBs. While the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw is similar to what has been reported with the IVBs, fever and pyrexia are not observed, and hypocalcemia and renal impairment are less frequent. We review the data leading to approval of denosumab as a bone-directed therapy in oncology and compare and contrast the efficacy and toxicity with intravenous bisphosphonates.
Adrenal adenocarcinomas: diagnosis and management.

Thirty-two patients with adrenal adenocarcinoma are reviewed. Eleven of them had symptoms suggestive of a hormonally functional tumor. The median survival in 17 patients who had the primary tumor removed was 13.5 months from the time of surgery, with one patient surviving disease-free 19 years later. The median survival of 11 patients who did not have surgery owing to delays in diagnosis was 7.5 months from the onset of symptoms. Of six patients given O, P'DDD, two patients had objective regression, one partial, one complete. Early diagnosis may improve survival and curability of this malignant tumor.
Induction Motor Squirrel Cage Rotor Winding Thermal Analysis

Induction motor squirrel cage rotor winding performance operating range and reliability are influenced by the temperature of these windings and the temperature differences which occur within the windings, and between the windings and other parts of the rotor structure. These temperature responses have formed a basis for protective devices commonly in use to protect the winding from damage. This paper describes an anaytical effort which models the thermal response of the squirrel cage winding. The temperatures calculated using this model are in general agreement with previously published data.
Regional brain cholecystokinin changes as a function of rough-and-tumble play behavior in adolescent rats

Brain cholecystokinin (CCK) levels have been shown to be elevated in animals defeated during adult social aggression. The present experiment evaluated whether similar effects are evident in prolonged bouts of juvenile social-play fighting, which tend to switch from largely positive to some negative affect after approximately 15 min into a half-hour play session, as indexed by a gradual shift from positively valenced 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to negatively valenced 20 kHz USVs. Given the role of CCK in both positive and negative emotional events, we examined levels of CCK-8 in tissue homogenates from 14 brain areas in animals 6h after a 30 min play bout compared to no-play control animals tested similarly in isolation for 30 min. As with patterns observed following adult defeat, significantly higher CCK levels were evident after play in the posterior neo-cortex compared to no-play control animals (+26%). Levels of CCK were also elevated in the midbrain (+35%). However, unlike in adult aggression, CCK levels were reduced in the hypothalamus (-40%) and basal forebrain (-24%) as compared to no-play animals. Posterior cortex CCK levels were positively correlated to the duration that each animal was pinned (r = +.50) which suggests that elevated CCK in the posterior cortex may be related to the negative aspects of play. Hypothalamic CCK levels were negatively related to dorsal contacts and pins (r's = -.57), and suggest that the lower CCK levels may reflect the more positive valenced aspects of play. The data indicate that CCK utilization in the brain is dynamically responsive to rough-and-tumble play.
Strategies for Technological Innovation with Learning and Adaptation Costs

The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to overview the capital market and economic growth in Thailand; and 2) to examine the relationship between economic growth and the capital market, including the stock market and bond market after the financial crisis in 1997. Both descriptive and quantitative analyses were employed in this study. The descriptive analysis explained the structure and development of the capital market in Thailand. A cointegration and causality test were employed for the quantitative analysis in order to investigate the long-term relationship and pairwise relationship between the variables. The variables used in this study were time series data, including gross domestic product (GDP), market capitalization in the Stock Exchange of Thailand, and the outstanding debt instrument in the bond market for the period 1997-Q1 through 2016-Q4. The results of the study showed that, one, during the past two decades, both the stock market and bond market in Thailand tended to have greater development, especially with the bond market growing more than 20 times. Regarding the stock market, it collapsed in the 1997 financial crisis in Thailand, and after that crisis, it slowly recovered. At present, the stock market is over 5 times larger than the bond market. The second result from the study indicated that economic growth had positive impacts on both the stock market and bond market. As the Thai economy has expanded, private companies and households have received higher incomes and have become wealthier, thus promoting savings and investment through the capital markets. At the same time, the stock market has also supported economic growth by funding allocation to private investment, leading to the enlargement of the manufacturing sector and employment. However, the bond market was not seen to have a significant effect on the economic growth in Thailand during this period of time. Keywords: Capital Market, Economic Growth, Cointegration, Causality
The mechanism of agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor aggregation.

Agrin, a protein isolated from the synapse-rich electric organ of Torpedo californica , induces the formation of specializations on myotubes in culture which resemble the post-synaptic apparatus at the vertebrate skeletal neuromuscular junction. For example, the specializations contain aggregates of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase. This report summarizes the evidence that the formation of the postsynaptic apparatus at developing and regenerating neuromuscular junctions is triggered by the release of agrin from motor axon terminals and describes results of recent experiments which suggest that agrininduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the β subunit of the acetylcholine receptor may play a role in receptor aggregation.
Packaging aspects of high‐pressure food processing technology

High-pressure (HP) technology is a novel, non-thermal food preservation and processing technology whereby food is subjected to high isostatic pressure (100–600 MPa) at or around room temperature. This paper discusses the compatibility of HP technology with existing food packages, packaging materials and closures. Based on literature data and our own research data it is shown that: (i)Container-lid combinations, which have sufficient flexibility to compensate the limited compression of the food and the complete compression of air at these high pressures, can be HP treated without physical damage; (ii)Mechanical properties and barrier properties of multilayer plastic and aluminium foil packaging materials are not affected; (iii)HP does not influence migration (iv)Heat-seal strength and integrity also are not affected It is concluded that packaged foods can be HP treated and that HP opens up new possibilities to make plastic packaging less expensive and more environmentally friendly.
Organizational structure, information technology and R&D productivity

To improve R and D productivity and performance, two types of communication must be managed properly. First, there is communication which is required to coordinate the many complex tasks and subsystem interrelations that exist on an R and D project. Second, there is communication which insures that the technical staff of the project remain current. Organizational structure can be used to achieve either of these goals. Since different structures are needed for the two, it is important to consider the situations in which one or the other dominates. The author discusses the tradeoffs between the two types of communication and the ways in which these tradeoffs have been reflected in management's choice of organizational structure. Project organization facilities task and subsystem coordination. Functional organization connects engineers more effectively to the technologies on which they draw. Three parameters are provided which can be used to characterize project situations and guide the decision on organizational form. In addition, there is the possibility that improvements in information technology will be able to substitute for one of the two organizational forms and allow greater use of the other, thereby easing the organizational tradeoff.
Address recognition system based on feature extraction from gray scale

This paper reports proof of concept of a design for recognizing postal address blocks. The system must function with varying and unspecified fonts, dot matrix printing, and poor print quality. Our design achieves tolerance to differing contrast and degraded print via grayscale analysis, and omnifont capability by encoding character shapes as graphs. The current prototype, restricted to digits, successfully recognizes degraded numeric fields. There are four major modules. First, the strokes comprising each character are detected as ridges in grayscale space. Our design is tolerant of wide contrast variation even within a single character, and produces connected strokes from dot matrix print. Second, strokes are grouped to produce line segments and arcs, which are linked to produce a graph describing the character. The third stage, recognition by matching the input character graph to prototype graphs, is described in a companion paper by Rocha and Pavlidis. Finally, secondary classification is applied to break near ties by focusing on discriminating features. The secondary classifier is described in a companion paper by Zhou and Pavlidis. Experimental results on 2000 address blocks supplied by the USPS are presented. We also report experiments on subsampling the data, which indicate that the performance at 100 dpi is very close to that at the original 300 dpi.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Subdivisions of the primate substantia nigra pars compacta detected by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry

Acetylcholinesterase-poor and acetylcholinesterase-rich compartments have been identified histochemically in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the squirrel monkey. Some of these compartments have clear correspondents in sections immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase and in sections stained for Nissl substance. Clustering patterns of neurons retrogradely labeled after tracer injections either in the caudate nucleus or in the putamen were found to be related to these histochemical and cytoarchitectonic specializations of the substantia nigra pars compacta.
Optimum synthesis of planar function generators by the linear partition of the dyadic loop equations

Abstract Introduction of optimum design techniques at the early stages of engineering programs for the timely transfer of engineering technology to industrial applications demands optimum design techniques in which satisfactory solutions can be reached by varying only a few parameters of a system without involving time consuming iterations. This article presents such a method of optimum synthesis of planar function generators, where the dimensions of an optimum mechanism are determined by minimizing the error in Freudenstein's input-output displacement equation of the mechanism at N design positions, where N is not limited by the number of unknowns of the system. Design equations are formed by partitioning Freudenstein's displacement equation into dyadic loop equations using the linear superposition technique, and they are linear in terms of the unknowns of the system. Hence, the solution requires no iteration. Equations for the optimum synthesis of the plane four-bar and slider-crank mechanisms are developed with three, four, and five unknown dimensions, which are also used for the optimum synthesis of multiloop mechanisms having series connected four-bar and slider-crank loops.
Fostering intentional interdisciplinary leadership in developmental disabilities: the North Carolina LEND experience.

This study describes the effects of interdisciplinary leadership training on a retrospective cohort (2001–2009) of the University of North Carolina MCH Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (UNC-CH LEND) program, including LEND graduates who were selected to participate in a focused Interdisciplinary Leadership Development Program (ILDP) in addition to their LEND training. Specifically, the study examined graduates’ reports of the relationship between LEND training and their attitudes/beliefs about interdisciplinary practice, as well as their reported use of interdisciplinary skills in their post-fellowship practice settings. Using a post-test design, participants in the LEND and ILDP programs were contacted to complete an on-line survey. Using a Conceptual Model guided by EvaluLEAD, respondents were asked to rate the influence of the UNC-LEND training program on their attitudes/beliefs and skills using a 5-point Likert scale, as well as through open-ended descriptions. The 49 LEND respondents represented a 56 % overall response rate from years 2001–2009. ILDP participants reported greater agreement with interdisciplinary attitudes/beliefs and more frequent use of interdisciplinary skills than did the non-participants. Graduates of LEND as well as ILDP reported the influence of training through a range of qualitative responses. Response examples highlight the influence of LEND training to promote outcomes at the individual, organizational and systems level. Findings from this study illustrate that MCHB funded LEND training has a strong influence on the future employment and interdisciplinary practices of graduates for the MCH workforce as well as services for individuals with developmental disabilities, their families and systems of care.
Large Honeycomb Mirror Molding Methods

A 3.5 meter diameter, f/1.75 focal ratio, telescope primary mirror blank was spuncast in May 1988. This paper describes the materials, processes, and methodology used to construct the mold which shaped this lightweight honeycomb borosilicate mirror.
CCK, endogenous insulin condition and satiety in free-fed rats

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to elicit insulin secretion and increased insulin availability has been shown to correlate with increased satiety attributed to reduced size of spontaneously occurring meals. The present experiment, however, clearly showed that CCK was effective in suppressing food ingestion in free-fed rats independent of the animal's level of insulin. Rats were tested with 1, 2 and 4 μg/kg of CCK-octapeptide (Sincalide, Squibb) during a baseline (pancreatic-normal) period, an insulin-poor state (streptozotocin diabetic) and an insulin clamped condition (diabetic treated by a minipump). CCK produced a highly significant (p
Vertical-shaft generators — Some problems and their solutions

A review of some of the problems involved in the design and construction of vertical water-wheel generators, and methods of solution
Apparent coefficient of thermal expansion and residual stresses in multilayer capacitors

The thermal expansion behavior and residual stresses in multilayer capacitor (MLC) systems are analyzed in the present study. An MLC consists of a laminate of multiple alternating electrode layers and dielectric layers sandwiched between two ceramic cover layers. An analytical model is developed to derive simple closed-form solutions for the apparent coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the laminate. Plasticity of electrodes is included in the analysis. The predicted apparent CTEs are compared with measurements of some laminated ceramic composites. The effects of plasticity on apparent CTEs and residual stresses in MLC systems are discussed.
The diagnosis of potentially fatal asthma in hospitalized adults. Patient characteristics and increased severity of asthma.

We evaluated various patient characteristics in patients hospitalized for asthma during 1987 to 1990. Potentially fatal asthma was identified in 26 of 87 adult patients (29.9 percent) hospitalized. Patients with PFA had increased frequency of prednisone use prior to hospitalization (p
The anthroposphere is changing

Men already outnumber women but sex ratios are set to get even more uneven. Nicholas Christakis considers the perils of our changing population
In the Eye of the Storm: A Participatory Course on Coastal Storms.

Storm disasters are amplified in the coastal environment due to population pressures and the power of the sea. The upper-division/graduate university course Coastal Storms was designed to equip future practitioners with the skills necessary to understand, respond to, and mitigate for these natural disasters. To accomplish this, Coastal Storms integrates active learning approaches, namely literature discussions, GIS labs, and field excursions. Further, the pedagogical model employed aligns the course objectives with fundamental geographic principles: understanding of geographic patterns, awareness of social-physical interactions, and capacity for geographic writing. Informal evaluation of Coastal Storms suggests that the course objectives are being met. Finally, the overall intent of describing the pedagogy of this particular course is so it can be used as a model for shaping the future of hazards courses in geography programs.
Control of systems described by population balance equations—II. Emulsion polymerization with constrained control action

The control of unstable continuous stirred tank reactors for emulsion polymerization is addressed. Despite reported failures in past attempts to control reactor oscillations, recent controllability results (in Part I of this series) provided encouragement to carry out this study. A comprehensive nonlinear model is used for the simulations. SISO controllers coupling a wide range of manipulated and output variables are tested. The tuning of the controller parameters is accomplished through an extension to unstable systems of a relay input technique by Astrom and Hagglund (1983, Proceedings IFAC Workshop on Adaptive Control, San Francisco). Several controllers are successful in eliminating the open-loop sustained oscillations in methylmethacrylate emulsion polymerization. Suggestions are made about which of the successful control strategies may be most readily applied to operating reactors and which may require yet unavailable measurement technology.
Survival of infants with malignant astrocytomas. A Report from the Childrens Cancer Group.

Background. Very young children with central nervous system malignant brain tumors have a poor prognosis. As compared with older children, survival is less likely, and those children who do survive frequently have severe impairment of growth and cognitive abilities, resulting partly from treatment with radiotherapy. Therefore, an intensive chemotherapeutic regimen was used to treat children younger than 2 years of age with a diagnosis of malignant astrocytomas. Patients and Methods. Thirty-nine children younger than 24 months of age who were diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma were treated on a Childrens Cancer Group protocol with an eight-drug chemotherapeutic regimen (vincristine, carmustine, procarbazine, bydroxyurea, cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside, prednisone, and dimethyl-triazenoimidazole-carboxamide) after surgery and postoperative staging. Radiation therapy was to be deferred until the completion of chemotherapy. Results. The objective response rate after two cycles of chemotherapy was 24%. Most patients did not receive radiotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and survival at 3 years was 36% (standard error, 8%) and 51% (8%), respectively. The PFS of those children with anaplastic astrocytoma was 44% (11%), significantly better than that of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (0%). Extent of resection was not associated significantly with PFS, but tumors within the cerebral hemispheres were associated with a more favorable prognosis. Tumor progression occurred locally in almost all cases and early in treatment (median PFS, 8 months). Conclusion. Chemotherapy appears to be effective primary adjuvant treatment for some very young children with anaplastic astrocytomas. Overall, however, survival remains poor, especially for children with GBM. Strategies to improve outcome require early intervention, because tumor progression occurs soon after diagnosis in the majority of patients. Cancer 1995 ; 75 :1045-50.
Calibrating a catadioptric light field array

We present a new method for acquiring data for image-based rendering and 3D reconstruction using an array of spherical mirrors and a single high-resolution perspective camera. The main advantage of this setup is a wider field of view, but designing calibration and reconstruction algorithms is challenging because catadioptric systems with spherical mirrors have non-central viewpoints, and do not behave as perspective cameras. A single image from our perspective camera produces sample rays from a very large number of virtual viewpoints. In this sketch we describe the construction of this system and a new procedure for calibrating it. Previous methods for acquiring a number of images from different viewpoints have included arrays of cameras [Levoy and Hanrahan 1995] and moving cameras [Gortler et al. 1995]. Another previous method was an array of lenses mounted on a flatbed scanner [Yang 2000]. The literature on catadioptric systems is extensive, but to our knowledge systems with large numbers of identical mirrors arranged in regular configurations have not been presented. The main advantages of our system are the wide field of view, the single camera capture makes the time synchronization issues associated with multi-camera systems vanish. On the other hand, frame-rate video processing is not possible with these high resolution consumergrade digital cameras. Mechanical System Design: The system, shown above, consists of a thick aluminum plate with stainless steel cylindrical pins pressed into holes. These pins hold 31 spherical mirrors. They were cut to length and inserted in the plate with high precision in our machine shop, but the inexpensive plastic mirrors were glued to the plate using a synthetic silicon rubber adhesive. As a result, the mirror parameters (location of sphere centers and radii) are not known with high precision. This plate is positioned in space to roughly fill the field of view of our Olympus C-8080 8 Mega Pixel digital camera. A structure built out of standard aluminum extrusions keeps the whole structure in place. A single image captures all 31 mirrors. The camera’s SDK provided by the manufacturer was used to automate the capture and calibration processes. Calibration: We divide the calibration process into three steps: 1) Intrinsic camera calibration, 2) Extrinsic calibration of the plate with relation to the camera, and 3) Calibration of the individual mirrors with respect to the plate. For the intrinsic camera calibration step we use well-established techniques and free high-quality software. The second step is carried out from a single input image as follows. We use an ellipse detection algorithm to locate the four corner pins close to the four corners of the image. Since we know the precise location of these four pins in the plate and their relative distances, from the four point correspondences we compute a homography, and from this homography a first estimate of the equation of the plane in space. We can now predict the locations of the rest of the pins in the image. We use these predictions to search for the remain-
Self-organized criticality and color vision: A guide to water–protein landscape evolution

Abstract We focus here on the scaling properties of small interspecies differences between red cone opsin transmembrane proteins, using a hydropathic elastic roughening tool previously applied to the rhodopsin rod transmembrane proteins. This tool is based on a non-Euclidean hydropathic metric realistically rooted in the atomic coordinates of 5526 protein segments, which thereby encapsulates universal non-Euclidean long-range differential geometrical features of water films enveloping globular proteins in the Protein Data Bank. Whereas the rhodopsin blue rod water films are smoothest in humans, the red cone opsins’ water films are optimized for smoothness in cats and elephants, consistent with protein species landscapes that evolve differently in different contexts. We also analyze red cone opsins in the chromatophore-containing family of chameleons, snakes, zebrafish and goldfish, where short- and long-range (BLAST and hydropathic) amino acid (aa) correlations are found with values as large as 97%–99%. We use hydropathic aa optimization to estimate the maximum number N max of color shades that the human eye can discriminate, and obtain 10 6 N max 10 7 , in good agreement with experiment.
Social Constructionism and Ethics What Makes a “Better” Story?:

This article examines narrative and constructivist approaches to clinical work asking how we decide what makes a “better” story. It explores the educator's role in helping students learn to balance respect for unique and diverse accounts with the profession's commitment to social justice, objectively defined.
dog: ally or traitor? mythology, cosmology, and society among the Beng of Ivory Coast

Dogs occupy a contradictory space in traditional Beng world view. In one myth, Dog introduced death to humanity, yet in another, he protected and identified with humans while betraying his fellow animals. The daily attitudes of Beng toward their dogs embody similar contradictions. As what I term “alter egos” to humans, dogs are named but not fed, and are generally both neglected, seen as dangerous, and treated as allies. This paper analyzes these and other paradoxes embodied in the role of dogs in human life, arguing for the possibility of a mutually reflexive relationship between mythology and society.
Basic Pharmacokinetics and the Potential Effect of Physical Therapy Interventions on Pharmacokinetic Variables

Pharmacokinetics involves the factors that influence drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Pharmacokinetic variables determine how a specific dose of a drug will eventually reach target tissues and exert a response. Various factors can influence normal pharmacokinetics, including exercise, application of physical agents, and massage. These interventions produce hemodynamic and other physiologic changes that can potentially alter drug disposition within the body. The magnitude and specific type of pharmacokinetic changes, however, are highly variable depending on the specific intervention and the drug in question. Physical therapy interventions seem to have the greatest potential to affect absorption and distribution of drugs that are administered by transdermal techniques or by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Research is needed to determine exactly how physical therapy interventions can affect the pharmacokinetics of various medications, and how the clinical effects of these medications are affected by altered drug disposition.
Treatment complexity: a description of chemotherapy and supportive care treatment visits in patients with advanced-stage cancer diagnoses.

Modern chemotherapy regimens are growing increasingly complex, involving lengthy outpatient infusions, and additional visits for supportive care. The treatment of advanced-stage patients is uniquely one of unremitting therapy and varying complexity. The study’s purpose was to describe and quantify the dimensions of treatment complexity in terms of chemotherapy (CT) and supportive care (SC) visits. Electronic medical records for 121 subjects with stages III and IV cancer were reviewed. Visits were classified as SC and CT types, and actual hours and visit numbers were calculated for a 3-month treatment period. Analysis included descriptive and generalized linear modeling statistics. Subjects ≥65 years spent fewer total hours (M = 18.17 h, SD = 10.17 h, p = 0.04), but experienced more total visits (M = 10.96 visits, SD = 4.65 visits, p = 0.02) than younger subjects. More than 71 % of younger patients spent two or more hours per chemotherapy visit, compared to 41.7 % of older patients (p = 0.001). Older subjects were more likely to have a SC visit (p = 0.03), but did not differ from younger subjects in SC visit numbers (p = 0.3) or hours (p = 0.6). Females averaged 3.81 more total hours (M = 22. 61 h, SD = 11.06 h, p = 0.055) and had more total visits (M = 10.80 visits, SD = 3.71, p = 0.02) than males. By visit type, women spent twice the hours undergoing SC than males (M = 3.3 vs. 1.5 h, p = 0.051), but genders did not differ in CT visit hours or average length. By diagnosis, colon/esophageal subjects spent more hours in CT visits (M = 21.90 h, SD = 8.60 h, p < 0.01), and lung subjects trended toward spending more hours in SC visits (M = 4.80 h, SD = 8.23 h, p < 0.06). Advanced-stage cancer patients differed in visit types, hours, and treatment length undergoing CT and SC visits. Age, gender, and diagnosis explained the differences, and this study adds new understanding to the phenomenon of treatment complexity.
Level structure in 9Be and 6Li from 7Li(3He, p)9Be and 7Li(3He, α)6Li

Abstract Proton and alpha-particle spectra from the 3 He bombardment of 7 Li have been taken over a variety of bombarding energies and observation angles with the intent of exploring the level structure in the residual nuclei 9 Be and 6 Li. In 9 Be, previously unreported levels have been found at excitations of 13.78 ± 0.03 MeV and 16.671 ± 0.008 MeV with widths of 590 ± 60 keV and 41 ± 4 keV, respectively. Two overlapping levels have been found at 11.81 ± 0.02 MeV and 11.29 ± 0.03 MeV with widths of 400 ± 30 keV and 620 ± 70 keV, respectively. No evidence for previously reported levels at 7.94 and 9.1 MeV has been found. The alpha-particle spectra show states in 6 Li at excitations of 0.0, 2.17 ± 0.02, 3.55 ± 0.02 and 5.34 ± 0.02 MeV. No evidence for states previously reported in this reaction at 4.3, 6.63, 7.40, 8.37 and 9.3 MeV was found. Alpha-particle groups from sequential decays through states in 8 Be have been seen and identified.
Design and control of grid-connected converter in bi-directional battery charger for Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application

A new bi-directional power converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) is proposed based on a typical household circuitry configuration. This converter can achieve three major functions: battery charger mode, vehicle to grid mode (V2G) and vehicle to home mode (V2H), which are the main topics of integration of PHEVs with the grid. The detailed converter design is presented. An improved AC/DC controller is proposed in order to achieve low input current harmonics for the charger mode. The Proportional resonant+harmonics selective compensation method is utilized for the V2G mode, and capacitor current feedback and proportional resonant control methods are adopted for the V2H mode. Compared with conventional PI controllers, the proposed controllers greatly enhance the grid-connected converter's performance in the aspects of low harmonics output and robustness against background noise.
Organization and sequence of four flagellin-encoding genes of Edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri, the cause of enteric septicaemia in channel cat¢sh (Ictalurus punctatus), is motile by means of peritrichous £agella. We determined the complete £agellin gene sequences and their organization in E. ictaluri by sequencing genomic segments from a l-ZAP phage genomic library of E. ictaluri. Four £agellin genes (£iC1, £iC2, £iC3 and £iC4 )a re arranged in tandem within 6 kb in the E. ictaluri genome. Each £agellin-coding sequence is preceded by a s 28 recognition site consensus sequence. The predicted amino acid sequences of all four £agellin proteins (between 36 and 37.5 kDa) are similar in the N-terminal (1^160 aa) and C-terminal (last 74 aa) portions and are divergent in the central portion of the proteins. Proteins encoded by £C1, £iC2 and £iC3 are more similar to each other (88^90% aa identity) than to the protein encoded by £iC4 (76^78% aa identity). BASIC LOCAL ALIGNMENT SEARCH TOOL analysis of GenBank sequences showed that all £agellin aa sequences are more similar to those of Serratia marcescens (72^74% identity) than to those of Edwardsiella tarda (� 64% identity). Primary determination of E. ictaluri £agellin gene sequences facilitate advanced studies on the role of £agella in host^pathogen interaction.
Buffer sizing for minimum energy-delay product by using an approximating polynomial

This paper first presents an accurate and efficient method of estimating the short circuit energy dissipation and the output transition time of CMOS buffers. Next, the paper describes a sizing method for tapered buffer chains. It is shown that the first-order sizing behavior, which considers only the capacitive energy dissipation, can be improved by considering the short-circuit dissipation as well, and that the second-order polynomial expressions for short-circuit energy improves the accuracy over linear expressions. These results are used to derive sizing rules for buffered chains, which optimize the overall energy-delay product.
Fertility-sparing surgery in gynecologic oncology

Gynecologic cancers are primarily diagnosed in postmenopausal women; however, these malignancies can also affect a significant number of premenopausal women. As more women progressively delay childbearing, a significant number who have yet to start or complete their childbearing will be diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy. Thus, they must cope with not only a diagnosis during their reproductive years, but also with the physical and emotional after effects of treatment. Parenthood is an important aspect of quality of life for many cancer survivors and has drawn an increasing amount of public attention. Since many of the standard treatments for these malignancies result in permanent sterility, surgical fertility-sparing options for select young women who desire to preserve their reproductive function have been investigated. Patients must be aware that data on fertility-sparing procedures are limited, and some may consider many of these options as ‘nonstandard’. These more conservative approaches seem en...
Energy Harvesting in Silicon Photonic Devices

Loss of light to two-photon absorption is the central problem in silicon nonlinear-optical devices. Fortunately, the lost energy can be harvested into useful electrical power.
Connectivity of cognitive radio networks: proximity vs. opportunity

We address the connectivity of large-scale ad hoc cognitive radio networks, where secondary users exploit channels temporarily and locally unused by primary users and the existence of a communication link between two secondary users depends not only on the distance between them but also on the transmitting and receiving activities of nearby primary users. We introduce the concept of connectivity region defined as the set of density pairs -- the density of the secondary users and the density of the primary transmitters -- under which the secondary network is connected. Using theories and techniques from continuum percolation, we analytically characterize the connectivity region of the secondary network by showing its three basic properties and analyzing its two critical parameters. Furthermore, we reveal the tradeoff between proximity (the number of neighbors) and the occurrence of spectrum opportunities by studying the impact of secondary users' transmission power on the connectivity region of the secondary network, and design the transmission power of the secondary users to maximize their tolerance to the primary traffic load.
Aortic valve replacement with medtronic freestyle bioprosthesis: operative technique and results.

Objective: This study evaluates the initial results for safety and efficacy of aortic valve replacement (AVR) using the Medtronic Freestyle Bioprosthesis. Methods: One hundred three patients underwent AVR with the Medtronic Freestyle Bioprosthesis over a 40-month period. There were 59 male and 44 female patients with a mean age of 74 years (range 36 to 88 years). Valve size ranged from 19 to 27 mm, and all valves were implanted using a freehand subcoronary technique. Anticoagulation with coumadin was only used for atrial fibrillation. Aspirin was given to patients with associated coronary artery disease. Echocardiography to assess transvalvular pressure gradient and effective valve orifice area was performed at discharge, 3 to 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. Results: There were 4 (3.9%) deaths within 30 days of operation and 5 (4.9%) late deaths. Two (1.9%) deaths were valve-related, one from commissural dehiscence and one from bacterial endocarditis. Three (2.9%) deaths, two early and one late, were from other cardiac causes. The remaining deaths were from noncardiac causes. Five (4.9%) patients suffered a thromboembolic event, two had permanent neurological deficits, two had transient neurological events, and one had coronary artery occlusion. Mean transvalvular gradient assessed by echocardiography was low at all time intervals: discharge (12.8 mmHg), 3 to 6 months (11.3 mmHg), 1 year (12.0 mmHg), and 2 years (11.6 mmHg). Mean effective valve orifice area was good at all time intervals: discharge (1.4 cm2), 3 to 6 months (1.5 cm2), 1 year (1.6 cm2), and 2 years (1.6 cm2). Of the 38 patients assessed by echocardiography at 1 year, 33 (87%) had no or trivial valve incompetence and the remainder had mild valve incompetence. Conclusions: Aortic valve replacement with the Medtronic Freestyle Bioprosthesis has a low incidence of early valve-related mortality and thromboembolism. The bioprosthesis demonstrates good hemodynamic performance even in small diameters and is particularly well suited for older patients and the small aortic root.
Investigating the Assumptions of Uses and Gratifications Research

This study attempted to determine empirically the gratifications sought from communication channels and to test the assumption that individuals differentiate channels based on gratifications. Age-related changes in the dimensions adolescents use to differentiate channels were also investigated Results indicated that three dimensions were operative across three age levels, although the importance of the dimensions varied with age. The three dimensions were surveillance/entertainment, affective guidance, and behavioral guidance.
Quercetin inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Abstract Background. The French paradox has been associated with regular intake of red wine, which is enriched with flavonoids. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in the human diet, exerts cardiovascular protection through its antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of quercetin also could be related to the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Methods. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC) were grown in culture in the presence of serum. Quercetin inhibited the serum-induced proliferation of AoSMC. This inhibition was dose-dependent and not attributed to toxicity. Cell cycle analysis revealed that quercetin arrested AoSMC in the G 0 /G 1 phase. The effect of quercetin on AoSMC migration was examined using explant migration and Transwell migration assays. Quercetin significantly decreased migration in both assays in a consistent manner. Finally, Western blot analysis of AoSMC exposed to quercetin demonstrated a significant reduction in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, a signaling pathway associated with the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusions. Quercetin inhibits the proliferation and migration of AoSMC, concomitant with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. These findings provide new insights and a rationale for the potential use of quercetin in the prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases. (Surgery 2002;131:198-204.)
Intracranial lipoma with hematopoietic elements (myelolipoma): report of a case with successful surgical resection.

A 74-year-old woman presented with a symptomatic posterior fossa mass which was successfully resected. Histologic examination revealed that the tumor was composed primarily of adipose and hematopoietic tissues warranting the diagnosis of myelolipoma. This represents the first case report of intracranial myelolipoma as well as the first reported successful surgical resection of this tumor in this location. A review of this subject indicates that the term myelolipoma denotes tumors with at least two different etiologies. The first represents metaplastic differentiation within a lipoma and the second appears to be a response of adrenal tissue to noxious stimuli.
Genetic Stability of Haploid, Diploid, and Tetraploid Genotypes in the Tomato.

Genetic stability of haploid, diploid, and tetrapoid genotypes in the tomato , Genetic stability of haploid, diploid, and tetrapoid genotypes in the tomato , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Anomalous nanosecond transient component in a GaAs MODFET technology

Modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) exhibit transient responses that contain a variety of time constants. The strongest transients observed in the microsecond range are known to be caused by the DX centers. MODFETs also suffer a transient that arises from a source different from that of the DX centers. Preliminary measured characteristics of the nanosecond transient are presented, its effects on circuit performance are described, and its possible origin is inferred. >
Effects of Size on Collision Perception and Implications for Perceptual Theory and Transportation Safety

People avoid collisions when they walk or drive, and they create collisions when they hit balls or tackle opponents. To do so, people rely on the perception of depth (perception of objects’ locations) and time-to-collision (perception of when a collision will occur), which are supported by different information sources. Depth cues, such as relative size, provide heuristics for relative depth, whereas optical invariants, such as tau, provide reliable time-to-collision information. One would expect people to rely on invariants rather than depth cues, but the size-arrival effect shows the contrary: People reported that a large far approaching object would hit them sooner than a small near object that would have hit first. This effect of size on collision perception violates theories of time-to-collision perception based solely on the invariant tau and suggests that perception is based on multiple information sources, including heuristics. The size-arrival effect potentially can lead drivers to misjudge when ...
Priority Encoding Scheme for Solving Permutation and Constraint Problems with Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing

Encoding for solutions of combinatorial optimization problems involving permutations or constraints that maintain the generality of operators in evolutionary computation is often difficult. In this paper, we present the Priority Encoding Scheme (PES), a general-purpose encoding scheme that encodes information used to construct solutions rather than directly encoding solutions themselves. We show that not only is PES simple to implement, but that it can be used effectively with Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) to find good solutions to the multiple-constraint knapsack problem (MKP) and shows promise for finding good solutions to the traveling salesman problem (TSP).