cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some histologic facts useful in orthodontic practice

T HERE are some histologic findings which might be useful for the practitioner in orthodontics. It might be of advantage to be able to picture what is taking place histologically during any phase of orthodontic treatment particularly if the problem be new or unfamiliar. Such a possibility might help, sometimes, to reduce the number of miracles which are so often encountered. We all know that the ideal result of any orthodontic movement is the compression of the periodontal membrane in the direction of pressure just to the extent that the connective tissuq is induced to resorb bone. A corresponding situation may be seen in Fig. 1. At a and b we have the diagonally situated area of pressure and at d and c, the areas of traction. If WC do not compress the
Palatability of Chilled and Frozen Beef Steaks

The effects of a split, split plot design, with marbling degree within USDA Choice quality grade as the whole plot, and storage system (chilled with 13 or 20 days postmortem aging or frozen with 7 or 14 days postmortem aging) and blade tenderization (once or twice) as the split plots on palatability and cooking characteristics of beef top loin (TL) and center-cut, top sirloin (TS) steaks were determined. Marbling degree within the Choice quality grade had no effect on sensory or cooking characteristics of either steak. Storing TL steaks frozen rather than chilled adversely affected flavor intensity and cooking losses. Palatability of TS steaks was much lower than for TL steaks. These data will provide the foodservice industry with more specific guidelines for product processing specifications.
Optical Properties of ATO Sol-gel Coated Carbon Fibers

Recent trends in composite research include the development of structural materials with multiple functionalities. In new studies, novel materials are being designed, developed, modified, and implemented into composite designs. Typically, an increase in functionality requires additional material phases within one system. The presence of excessive phases can result in deterioration of individual or overall properties. True multi-functional materials must maintain all properties at or above the minimum operating limit. In this project, samples of Sb-doped SnO2(ATO) sol-gel solutions are used to coat carbon fibers and are heat treated at a temperature range of 200–500 °C. Results from this research are used to model the implementation of sol-gel coatings into carbon fiber reinforced multifunctional composite systems. This research presents a novel thermo-responsive sol-gel/ (dopant) combination and evaluation of the actuating responses due to various heat treatment temperatures. While ATO is a well-known transparent conductive material, the implementation of ATO on carbon fibers for infrared thermal reflectivity has not been examined. These coatings serve as actuators capable of reflecting thermal infrared radiation in mid-range and near-range wavelengths (λ). By altering the ATO sol gel thickness and heat treatment temperatures, optimal optical properties are obtained. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for imaging, electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) is used to verify the compounds present in the coatings. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was performed to analyze the reflectivity in the infrared spectra and analyze the crystal structures after heat treatments.
AN EVOLUTION IN ADVANCED DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION

The concept of Advanced Distributed Simulation (ADS) has evolved over the past fifteen years from the early days of SIMNET, through the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) standards, the development of the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP), and most recently the High Level Architecture (HLA). This evolution includes the historical events, the technical architectures, and the standards to support interoperability. The historical evolution shows the architecture development paths that led to HLA today. Architectural evolution has utilized lessons learned to evolve to a more flexible architecture supporting more application domains and simulation types than ever before. Standards evolution shows a community willing to evolve its processes to meet the changing needs of the ADS community. The objective of this paper is to provide the modeling and simulation community with information on these three aspects of the ADS evolution and what it means in the years to come. 1980's demonstrated the capability to utilize
The role of converging lines on the perception of vertical lines: A Ponzo illusion variant

Abstract An experiment was performed to examine the effect of the angle of converging contours on the subjective midpoints of vertical lines. According to the inappropriate size-constancy scaling theory of Gregory (1963) increasing the angle of converging contours should increase the apparent depth of the figure and therefore exert a measureable influence on the subjective midpoints of vertical lines enclosed by the contours. However, this manipulation was not found to affect the subjective midpoints of test lines indicating that an explanation of the Ponzo illusion based on the operation of inappropriate size-constancy scaling must be restricted to certain test configurations.
Free-Range Farming and the Optimal Public and Private Responses to a Possible Epidemic

We develop an optimizing model of a farm that is subject to invasion by an infectious disease such as bird flu, where the probability of invasion depends on the degree of free-ranging on the farm and post-invasion rate of spread on the farm depends on the farm size, the farmer's surveillance efforts, and the degree of free-ranging. We examine optimal policies for the farm and for the government, and analyze how these policies are affected by the degree of free-ranging. We find, inter alia, that when the farm size is endogenous fining an infected farm is superior as an instrument than providing it a rebate on costs, but when the farm size is exogenous the two instruments are equivalent. We also find that optimal surveillance effort, farm size, and fines are smaller for free-range farms when costs are sensitive to the degree of free-ranging.
Family Presence During Resuscitation: A Critical Review of the Literature

Presence of patients’ families during resuscitation has emerged as an important practice issue, sparking considerable controversy worldwide. Early advocates of allowing patients’ families to be present during resuscitation faced more resistance than did current advocates because the former had little or no scientific research results to support their ideas. In the past 15 years, a number of quantitative studies, especially descriptive surveys, have been conducted. Qualitative researchers have also explored the lived experience of family members present during resuscitation and less commonly the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers. In this review of the literature, the current state of the science is critically reviewed and the ethical-theoretical perspectives of respective researchers and staff participants in the reviewed studies are discussed. Surveys were used to collect data in most studies to date. Limitations of these designs include small convenience samples, low response rates, use of retrospective surveys and the associated potential selection bias, and lack of consistency in survey instruments, factors that make comparison of findings between studies difficult. Recommendations to address the gaps in the current state of knowledge about family members’ presence during resuscitation are discussed. Experimental and qualitative methods are especially needed to investigate the effect of family presence during resuscitation on patients, families, nurses and physicians, and other multidisciplinary staff members. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2005;14:494-512)
Numerical range of a pair of strictly upper triangular matrices

Given two strictly upper triangular matrices X,Y ∈ Cm×m ,w e study the range WY (X )= {trnXn −1 Y ∗ : n ∈ N} ,w hereN is the group of unit upper triangular matrices in Cm×m .W e prove that it is either a point or the whole complex plane. We characterize when it is a point. We also obtain some convexity result for a similar range, where N is replaced by any ball of C k (k = m(m − 1)/2) embedded in N,
CalmMeNow: exploratory research and design of stress mitigating mobile interventions

This paper describes design explorations for stress mitigation on mobile devices based on three types of interventions: haptic feedback, games and social networks. The paper offers a qualitative assessment of the usability of these three types of interventions together with an initial analysis of their potential efficacy. Social networking and games show great potential for stress relief. Lastly, the paper discusses key findings and considerations for long-term studies of stress mitigation in HCI, as well as a list of aspects to be considered when designing calming interventions.
Family-Centered Rounds and Communication About Discharge Between Families and Inpatient Medical Teams

Background.Family-centered rounds (FCRs) are believed to enhance family–medical team communication.Objective.To assess family knowledge of discharge plans on teams conducting FCRs.Methods.Families of inpatients within 24 hours of discharge were surveyed regarding discharge plans; answers were compared with medical documentation.Results.Of 118 families, 70% knew discharge goals, whereas only 41% knew discharge day and 63% knew discharge medications. English speakers were more likely to report knowing discharge goals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-12.2) and discharge medications (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1-9.8) compared with Spanish speakers. Non-Hispanics were more likely to report knowing discharge day compared with Hispanics (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1-6.6).Conclusions.Families on teams that conduct FCRs are knowledgeable of discharge goals but less knowledgeable of discharge day and medications. Spanish-speaking and Hispanic families are less likely to report knowing disc...
Theorizing debt for social change

Review of: Graeber, D. (2011) Debt: The First 5000 years. Melville House Publishing: New York. (HB, pp.534, US$22.00, ISBN 9781933633862).David Graeber’s 2011 book, Debt: The first 5000 years, has received a great deal of attention in academic, activist, and popular media venues (see Hann, 2012; Kear, 2011; Luban, 2012; Meaney, 2011). Graeber himself has been credited as instigator and theorist of the Occupy movement (Meaney, 2011); and one of the central goals of Graeber’s book – a crossover book intended for a broad readership – is clearly to support detachment from the sense of moral obligation too many people feel to pay financial debts to financial institutions that feel no reciprocal obligation. As debt now plays a leading role among the strategies of capital accumulation (deployed to strip assets from variously targeted populations) and as our sense of moral obligation can only be accounted as an instance of what Lauren Berlant calls ‘cruel optimism’, that is, an attachment that will be self-undermining, Graeber’s effort is commendable.
Demonstration of a Neutral Atom Controlled-NOT Quantum Gate

We present the first demonstration of a CNOT gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms. Our implementation of the CNOT uses Rydberg blockade interactions between neutral atoms held in optical traps separated by $g8\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Using two different gate protocols we measure CNOT fidelities of $F=0.73$ and 0.72 based on truth table probabilities. The gate was used to generate Bell states with fidelity $F=0.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$. After correcting for atom loss we obtain an a posteriori entanglement fidelity of $F=0.58$.
The Association between Actuarial Services and Audit Quality

SUMMARY: We examine the association between audit quality and the joint provision of audit and non-audit services (NAS) by accounting firms. We argue that differences in audit quality between joint and non-joint NAS conditions can only be assessed if the quality of the NAS service is held constant. Most prior work has not been able to do this because the identity of the NAS provider is unknown unless it is the audit firm itself. Our analysis is based on firms in the property-casualty insurance industry that purchase an actuarial certification of their loss reserves from an external party. The insurance setting is unique because the non-audit service that we examine is purchased by all firms in our sample, and we can identify both the audit and non-audit service provider. This allows us to directly address the NAS separation issue while holding NAS quality constant. We find that when actuarial work is obtained only from Big N firms (NAS quality is constant), audit quality is higher when separate Big N firm...
Unusual Aspects of Salmonella Meningitis

Two cases of salmonella meningitis that demonstrate unusual clinical and epidemiologic features are reported. The first case was a two-month-old infant with relapsing salmonella meningitis in whom ECHO 2 virus and S. enteritidis grew in mixed culture from cerebrospinal fluid. The second case was a five- month-old with typhoid meningitis. Although this patient eventually re sponded to chloramphenicol, repeated CSF cultures grew S. typhi despite his receiving high dose parenteral therapy with ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Stool cultures disclosed that the patient's mother was an asymptomatic carrier ofS.typhi. Nine days after the positive stool culture, the mother developed S. typhi bacteremia.
Director Networks: Good for the Director, Good for Shareholders

A director’s social and professional network contributes to his or her qualifications as a board member. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the negative aspects of inter-board connections, such as the spread of bad practices and a reduction in independence.At the same time, not enough attention has been paid to the positive effects, including the access they provide to important market data and the referrals they bring for new business relationships.We consider these effects in more detail and ask why it is so difficult for commercial governance ratings firms to incorporate this information into their analyses of governance qualityRelated Research on SSRN: Boardroom Centrality and Stock Returns, Working paper dated: July 24, 2010, available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1651407.Topics, Issues and Controversies in Corporate Governance and Leadership: The Closer Look series is a collection of short case studies through which we explore topics, issues, and controversies in corporate governance. In each study, we take a targeted look at a specific issue that is relevant to the current debate on governance and explain why it is so important. Larcker and Tayan are co-authors of the book Corporate Governance Matters, and A Real Look at Real World Corporate Governance.
Social defeat, a paradigm of depression in rats that elicits 22-kHz vocalizations, preferentially activates the cholinergic signaling pathway in the periaqueductal gray.

Gene expression profiles in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of adult Long-Evans rats as a function of a stressful social defeat in inter-male fighting encounters were examined. This social subordination model mimics prototypical behavioral changes that parallel aspects of clinical depression, has been postulated to simulate early changes in the onset of depression in the losers, and has been successfully utilized for the evaluation of antidepressant activity. The 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been shown to reflect negative emotional states akin to anxiety and depression. Social defeat is the most robust and reliable method of eliciting these calls. The PAG has been shown to be a key brain region for the generation of 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and 22-kHz USVs have been shown to be controlled by the mesolimbic cholinergic system. In this present study, we examined gene expression changes in the PAG of social subordinate rats compared to dominant rats that do not Exhibit 22-kHz USVs. We found that social defeat significantly altered the genes associated with cholinergic synaptic transmission in the PAG. The most robust of these were the increased expression of the β2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNB2) and the T subunit of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in the subordinate animals. These changes were corroborated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and found to be exclusive to the PAG compared to seven other brain regions examined. These data suggest that cholinergic transmission in the PAG is involved in the generation of 22-kHz USVs and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of affective disorders.
Observations of a deep aggregation of Calanus pacificus in the Santa Barbara Basin

An optical plankton counter/CTD package was used with zooplankton net samples to map the distribution of fifth copepodid (C5) Calanus pacificus in the Santa Barbara Basin region during two autumn cruises. Diapausing C5 C. pacificus were aggregated in a layer just above the basin's oxygen-deficient bottom waters and below its sill depth. The maximal concentration measured was 6,900 ind. m -3 from a net sample spanning a depth range double the thickness of the C5 layer. Although the C5 concentration varied, the layer was found at all stations of sufficient bottom depth within the basin. During November 1994, C5 C. pacificus accounted for 95-97% of all zooplankton caught in net samples from the layer. Relatively low concentrations of deep-dwelling C5 C. pacificus were observed at nearby stations outside the basin. We hypothesize that C5 C. pacificus descend into the Santa Barbara Basin at diapause, are trapped, and accumulate in a region of relatively low predator abundance. The resultant aggregation is estimated to contain a significant. fraction of the regional C. pacificus population and thus assumes an important role in its dynamics.
Cross-Cultural Production and Detection of Deception from Speech

Detecting deception from different dimensions of human behavior has been a major goal of research in psychology and computational linguistics for some years and is currently of considerable interest to military and law enforcement agencies. However, relatively little work has been done to develop automatic methods to detect deception from spoken language or to compare deception detection and production between different cultures. We present results of experiments on a new corpus of deceptive and non-deceptive speech, collected from native speakers of Standard American English and Mandarin Chinese, all speaking English, to investigate acoustic, prosodic, and lexical cues to deception. We report first on the role of personality factors derived from the NEO-FFI (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory) and of gender, ethnicity and confidence ratings on subjects? ability to deceive and to detect deception. We then present classification results discriminating deceptive from non-deceptive speech, using these features as well as acoustic and prosodic cues. We find that combining acoustic and prosodic features with information about the speaker?s personality, gender, and language results in a classification accuracy of 65.86%, which represents ~10% relative improvement from baseline accuracy.
International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Cross-national and Cross-regional Research

ABSTRACTI took over the editorial responsibilities as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Global Marketing, JGM, on January 1, 2016. With the help of excellent Associate Editors and highly qualified and motivated Editorial Board members, we are now ready to provide the highest quality feedback to authors in a timely fashion. We welcome contributions from marketing and international business scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. The Journal of Global Marketing is a peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to advancing cutting-edge global marketing theories and practices, emphasizing research that addresses marketing strategies and challenges that firms, industries, and public sector agencies encounter worldwide (Aims and Scope, JGM, 2016). Please visit the journal website (web link provided in the reference section) to review a more detailed list of research topics covered in the journal. The journal is indexed and/or abstracted in ABI/Inform, Emerald Management Reviews, Gale Cengage, Business ...
The Use of Disordered Interlayers to Enhance Nucleation of Silicon Nitride During Chemical Vapor Deposition

Thin, disordered interlayers were used to enhance the nucleation of Si3N4. Continuous crystalline films were formed at relatively low temperatures (<1250°C) by using an amorphous, Si- rich interlayer. The interlayer was produced by varying the CVD conditions (i.e., by using multistep processing). Samples were characterized with XPS, SEM, and TEM with concurrent EELS. The results indicate that the nucleation of crystalline material is very sensitive to the structure and composition of the disordered interlayers. Also, the structure and composition of the interlayers evolve during growth, such that crystalline material only nucleates when the interlayer provides favorable conditions.
PULL-THRU OPERATION FOR CANCER OF THE RECTUM.

This report is based on personal observations in 2,380 cases of cancer of the colon, rectum and anal canal. The “pull-thru” operation (abdominoperineal proctosig-moidectomy with preservation of the anal sphincter) was performed in 705 of the cases. The results compare favorably with those of the Miles operation (abdominoperineal excision), and in some respects the pull-thru procedure is superior. Preservation of the sphincter in no way compromises radicality, and continence is retained.
Integration of autopatching with automated pipette and cell detection in vitro.

This work presents a new automated, image-guided patch-clamp system for brain slices. We have developed novel computer vision-based algorithms of user-independent identification of patch pipettes a...
Moving forward thinking on civil society in Central and Eastern Europe

As demonstrated by the March 2016 issue of this journal, civic participation in Central and Eastern Europe is undergoing a transformation, and the literature on civil society has taken a helpful tu...
Diverse Effects, Complex Causes: Children Use Information About Machines' Functional Diversity to Infer Internal Complexity.

Four studies explored the abilities of 80 adults and 180 children (4–9 years), from predominantly middle-class families in the Northeastern United States, to use information about machines' observable functional capacities to infer their internal, “hidden” mechanistic complexity. Children as young as 4 and 5 years old used machines' numbers of functions as indications of complexity and matched machines performing more functions with more complex “insides” (Study 1). However, only older children (6 and older) and adults used machines' functional diversity alone as an indication of complexity (Studies 2–4). The ability to use functional diversity as a complexity cue therefore emerges during the early school years, well before the use of diversity in most categorical induction tasks.
Reducing the Use of Indwelling Urinary Catheters During Cesarean Deliveries

Reducing the Use of Indwelling Urinary Catheters During Cesarean Deliveries by Michelle Borland MS, Waynesburg University, 2013 BS, Waynesburg University, 2011 Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice
Article 5 [Equality and Non-Discrimination]

The right to equality and non-discrimination is a fundamental principle of international human rights law: it gives concrete expression to the central idea of human rights system that all human beings are equal and, regardless of their status or membership of a particular group, are entitled to a set of rights. Conceived as a free-standing provision, Article 5 of the CRPD provides broad mandates to achieve the equality of persons with disabilities and the eradication of all forms of discrimination on the basis of disability. In fact, after requiring States Parties to recognize that ‘all persons are equal before and under the law’ and thus entitled ‘to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law’ free of any discrimination, Article 5 calls them to promote equality and eliminate discrimination taking all appropriate steps to ensure that reasonable accommodation is provided. Moreover, Article 5 establishes that any specific measures necessary to accelerate or achieve de facto equality of persons with disabilities may not be construed as discriminatory.
Combined Radiation Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose Treatment with checkpoint inhibitors has shown durable responses in a number of solid tumors, including melanoma, lung, and renal cell carcinoma. However, most breast cancers are resistant to monotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to have a number of immunostimulatory effects, including priming the immune system, recruiting immune cells to the tumor environment, and altering the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment. RT therefore represents a promising adjuvant therapy to checkpoint blockade in breast cancer. Methods and Materials We review the data from the checkpoint blockade studies on breast cancer reported to date, the mechanisms by which RT potentiates immune responses, the preclinical and clinical data of checkpoint blockade and RT combinations, and the landscape of current clinical trials of RT and immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in breast cancer. Results Clinical trials with checkpoint blockade therapy have demonstrated response rates of up to 19% in breast cancer, and many of the responses are durable. Preclinical data indicate that RT combined with checkpoint inhibition synergizes not only to enhance antitumor efficacy but also to induce responses outside of the radiation field. Thus multiple clinical trials are currently investigating the combination of checkpoint inhibition with RT. Conclusions The use of combination strategies that incorporate chemotherapy and/or local strategies such as RT may be needed to augment responses to immune therapy in breast cancer. Preclinical and clinical results show that RT in combination with checkpoint blockade may be a promising therapeutic option in breast cancer.
Placebo Plus Message of Benefit Decreases Chronic Low Back Pain.

These investigators gave twice daily placebo to patients with chronic back pain and told them it was placebo. They also told them that placebos can have a pronounced effect (which is true). The addition of placebo to usual care improved patients' pain and disability scores over the three weeks of the study.
Trick or TREAT: A Scary-Good New Approach for Single-Molecule mRNA Decay Analysis

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Horvathova et al. (2017) have developed a powerful approach to single-molecule assessment of RNA decay in living cells by exploiting the ability of flavivirus RNA structural elements to trap XRN1 decay intermediates in dual-labeled reporter constructs.
Melatonin promotes sleep in mice by inhibiting orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus.

Melatonin promotes sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFH) are pivotal for wake promotion. Does melatonin promote sleep by inhibiting orexin neurons? We used C57BL/6J mice and designed 4 experiments to address this question. Experiment 1 used double-labeled immunofluorescence and examined the presence of melatonin receptors on orexin neurons. Second, mice, implanted with bilateral guides targeted toward PFH and sleep-recording electrodes, were infused with melatonin (500 pmole/50 nL/side) at dark onset (onset of active period), and spontaneous bouts of sleep-wakefulness were examined. Third, mice, implanted with bilateral guides into the PFH, were infused with melatonin (500 pmole/50 nL/side) at dark onset and euthanized 2 hours later, to examine the activation of orexin neurons using c-Fos expression in orexin neurons. Fourth, mice, implanted with PFH bilateral guides and sleep-recording electrodes, were infused with melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole (10 pmol/50 nL/side), at light onset (onset of sleep period), and spontaneous bouts of sleep-wakefulness were examined. Our results suggest that orexin neurons express MT1, but not MT2 receptors. Melatonin infusion into the PFH, at dark onset, site-specifically and significantly increased NREM sleep (43.7%, P = .003) and reduced wakefulness (12.3%, P = .013). Local melatonin infusion at dark onset inhibited orexin neurons as evident by a significant reduction (66%, P = .0004) in the number of orexin neurons expressing c-Fos. Finally, luzindole infusion-induced blockade of melatonin receptors in PFH at sleep onset significantly increased wakefulness (44.1%, P = .015). Based on these results, we suggest that melatonin may act via the MT1 receptors to inhibit orexin neurons and promote sleep.
Software-Defined Networking Control Plane for Seamless Integration of Silicon Photonics in Datacom Networks

We present a scalable Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) control-plane to integrate Silicon Photonics (SiP) with conventional Ethernet/InfiniBand networks and simultaneously perform packet and circuit switching. Experimental evaluations demonstrate this unique solution with 224 microseconds control plane latency for data-center and high-performance-computing platforms.
Procollagen-Derived Biomarkers in Malignant Ascites of Ovarian Cancer: Independent Prognosticators for Progression-Free Interval and Survival

Abstract Objective. Matrix formation is a hallmark of solid tumor biology. Circulating antigens of structural matrix proteins should reflect this fact, yet are subject to systemic variables. We propose that if measured regionally, in a cancer-induced extravascular fluid pool such as malignant ascites of ovarian cancer, the same antigens retain their conceptual advantage as surrogate markers for tumor biology. Methods. In malignant ascites obtained at staging laparatomy of 35 women with ovarian cancer, the protein-normalized levels of the C-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (pnPICP) and the N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (pnPIIINP) were determined. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we examined these parameters, their (pnPIIINP/pnPICP) quotient, and clinical criteria (FIGO stage, age, residual tumor, histology, and tumor grade) for impact on progression-free interval and survival. Results. The absolute level of pnPIIINP was the single most powerful independent factor impacting on survival, its P value being distinctly below ( P = 0.0005 vs 0.003) and its risk ratio distinctly above (15 vs 2.5) residual tumor after debulking surgery. The relative level of pnPIIINP, i.e. (pnPIIINP / pnPICP), impacted on the likelihood of recurrence even more than residual tumor. By Kaplan–Meier analysis, cutoff values for the absolute or relative pnPIIINP level significantly discriminated patients with shortened survival or progression-free interval, respectively. Conclusions. Since malignant ovarian epithelium itself forms collagen type III, and since collagen type III is a solid-phase regulator of angiogenesis, we propose that ascitic pnPIIINP is a fluid-phase indicator for angiogenic activity in ovarian cancer and thus represents a tumor virulence index.
Using learned policies in heuristic-search planning

Many current state-of-the-art planners rely on forward heuristic search. The success of such search typically depends on heuristic distance-to-the-goal estimates derived from the plangraph. Such estimates are effective in guiding search for many domains, but there remain many other domains where current heuristics are inadequate to guide forward search effectively. In some of these domains, it is possible to learn reactive policies from example plans that solve many problems. However, due to the inductive nature of these learning techniques, the policies are often faulty, and fail to achieve high success rates. In this work, we consider how to effectively integrate imperfect learned policies with imperfect heuristics in order to improve over each alone. We propose a simple approach that uses the policy to augment the states expanded during each search step. In particular, during each search node expansion, we add not only its neighbors, but all the nodes along the trajectory followed by the policy from the node until some horizon. Empirical results show that our proposed approach benefits both of the leveraged automated techniques, learning and heuristic search, outperforming the state-of-the-art in most benchmark planning domains.
Genetic variation in sex hormone receptor genes and association with enzalutamide response in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

e16606Background: Enzalutamide has been shown to prolong overall survival in men with mCRPC. Given the modest response rate, high cost, and availability of alternative treatment options, it is cruc...
An Approach to the Electrification of a Plug-in Hybrid Chevrolet Camaro

This paper discusses the methods used to modify a Chevrolet Camaro into a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The manuscript covers the system requirements used to redesign the Camaro to compete in the EcoCAR 3 competition. Details on the modification of the vehicle's electrical systems are discussed with an emphasis on the systems engineering process used to manage the project and validate the effectiveness of the subsystems. Circuit design and integration are discussed regarding quality of work, validation, and results. Additional details on the optimization process of the system over the course of its lifecycle are given.
Enhanced Expression of FGF Signaling in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Abstract Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare intracranial lymphoma that accounts for less than 1% of all non-Hodgkins lymphomas and 3% of all brain tumors. Histopathologically, approximately 90% of PCNSL cases are categorized as a diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL malignancies are subdivided by Cell of Origin (COO), with the vast majority of PCNSL categorized as non-germinal center B cell (non-GCB) by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression profiling (GEP), however, has shown that immunohistochemically defined non-GCB resolves into two distinct subtypes, namely activated B-cell (ABC) and unclassified (UNC) subtypes. Using the Lymph2Cx molecular COO subtyping assay, we have found that 91% of PCNSL are ABC (unpublished data). Unlike systemic-DLBCL, PCNSL is largely confined to and rarely metastasizes outside of the immune privileged central nervous system. Despite this, PCNSL is one of the most aggressive forms of DLBCL. Given the immune privileged milieu in which PCNSL arises, we hypothesized that this milieu elicits a transcriptional profile that contributes to the enhanced aggressive nature of PCNSL compared to systemic-DLBCL. To investigate this hypothesis, this study assessed the gene expression differences between ABC-PCNSL and ABC-systemic-DLBCL, in order to identify novel players in the pathogenesis of ABC-PCNSL. Methods: A total of 35 HIV negative samples, with proven ABC-subtype COO as per the GEP Lymph2Cx assay, were employed; including 10 ABC systemic-DLBCL and 25 primary ABC PCNSL cases with no concurrent or prior history of systemic DLBCL. Samples were reviewed by a hematopathologist to confirm diagnoses and determine tumor content. Samples with Results: Of the 739 cancer related genes targeted by the PanCancer panel, 256 were found to be significantly differentially expressed in the ABC-PCNSL cohort compared to the ABC-DLBCL cohort (p Conclusions: We show, for the first time, that ABC-PCNSL and ABC-systemic-DLBCL possess significantly different transcriptional profiles despite identical, molecularly determined, COO status. A principle difference between these DLBCL malignancies is their anatomical location related immune privilege status which is reflected as reduced immune related signaling in the CNS-DLBCL cohort and may have important mitogenic signaling implications. Indeed, the results suggest that the enhanced aggressive nature of PCNSL compared to systemic-DLBCL is mediated, at least in part, by enhanced FGF signaling; a pathway with known roles in cell survival and proliferation. Disclosures Rimsza: NanoString: Other: Inventor on the patent for the Lymph2Cx assay.
Passive immunization of ewes against an inhibin-like peptide increases follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations, ovulation rate, and prolificacy in spring-mated ewes.

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether passive immunization against a synthetic inhibin-like peptide (α-IF) increases FSH secretion and reproductive performance of ewes bred in the spring. Crossbred ewes were assigned to three treatment groups of 10 ewes each. Progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G) were inserted and left in place for 12 d. The CIDR-G were removed on April 7 (0 h), and three rams were introduced. A single 1.8-mL i.m. injection containing 0, 315-, or 630-reference preparation-2 (RP-2) kU semipurified α-IF-antibody (Ab) was given at -48 h. Antibody solution was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and concentration of ovine immune sera that had been generated against α-IF-human-α-globulin. After the α-IF-Ab injection, plasma α-IF-Ab titers and FSH concentrations increased within 6 h, peaked 12 to 24 h later, and then decreased. At 12 h after injection, FSH concentrations were increased (P=.05) 28 and 42% over control values in ewes injected with 315- and 630-RP-2 kU α-IF-Ab, respectively. All ewes expressed estrus and ovulated, except one control that did not ovulate. Ovulation rate (OR) was increased (P<.0001) by α-IF-Ab treatment. Mean OR was 1.0 in control ewes, 1.7 in ewes given 315-RP-2 kU, and 2.5 in ewes injected with 630-RP-2 kU. Fertility (ewes lambing/ewes exposed) from breeding at the induced-synchronized estrus tended (P=.09) to be greater for ewes injected with 630-RP-2 kU α-IF-Ab. Number of lambs born/ewe lambing and prolificacy (number of lambs both alive/ewe lambing) were increased (P<.02) by α-IF-Ab-treatment. Respective number of ewes lambing, lambs born/ewe lambing, and lambs born alive/ewe lambing were as follows: control=7, 1.0,.7; 315-RP-2 kU=6, 1.7, 1.7; 630-RP-2 kU=10, 1.8, 1.6. In conclusion, passive immunization of ewes against α-IF during spring 1) increased FSH secretion, 2) increased OR in a dose-related manner, and 3) increased prolificacy
Next-generation paclitaxel-nanoparticle formulation for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a major cause of cancer-related death due to limited therapeutic options. As pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic, they prevent appropriate uptake of therapeutic payloads. Thus, our objective is to develop a next-generation nanoparticle system for treating PanCa. We generated a multi-layered Pluronic F127 and polyvinyl alcohol stabilized and poly-L-lysine coated paclitaxel loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle formulation (PPNPs). This formulation exhibited optimal size (~160 nm) and negative Zeta potential (-6.02 mV), efficient lipid raft mediated internalization, pronounced inhibition in growth and metastasis in vitro, and in chemo-naive and chemo-exposed orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Additionally, PPNPs altered nanomechanical properties of PanCa cells as suggested by the increased elastic modulus in nanoindentation analyses. Immunohistochemistry of orthotopic tumors demonstrated decreased expression of tumorigenic and metastasis associated proteins (ki67, vimentin and slug) in PPNPs treated mice. These results suggest that PPNPs represent a viable and robust platform for (PanCa).
Racialized Appetites in Four Girls at Cottage City, Malinda Russell's Domestic Cook Book, and Southern Soufflé

Emma Dunham Kelley-Hawkins’ novel Four Girls at Cottage City (1898), Malinda Russell’s Domestic Cook Book: Containing a Careful Selection of Useful Receipts for the Kitchen (1866), and Erika Council’s food blog Southern Souffle (2012-present) are texts that differ in form, genre, purpose, and period. Read together, these works, all three of which have received relatively little critical attention, however, help piece together a historical and cultural framework for contemporary views of Black women, food and professionalized labor, a subject which itself has received less attention, critically, than white women and the professionalism of their domestic labors. The three exemplary works that are the focus of this essay all resist an embodied racial logic that would categorize and value various forms of women’s domestic labor according to the bodies that perform it. Through their writing, Kelley-Hawkins, Russell, and Council engage questions of who consumes and who is consumed within the context of U.S. cultural history and its long-held, violently deployed misunderstanding of race.
Within Host Dynamical Immune Response to Co-infection with Malaria and Tuberculosis

Diseases have been part of human life for generations and evolve within the population, sometimes dying out while other times becoming endemic or the cause of recurrent outbreaks. Co-infection with different pathogens is common, yet little is known about how infection with one pathogen affects the host’s immunological response to another. Immunology-based models of malaria and tuberculosis (TB) are constructed by extending and modifying existing mathematical models in the literature. The two are then combined to give a single nine-variable model of co-infection with malaria and TB. The immunology-based models of malaria and TB give numerical results that agree with the biological observations. The malaria–TB co-infection model gives reasonable results and these suggest that the order in which the two diseases are introduced have an impact on the behavior of both.
Internal Iliac Artery Ligation in Laparoscopic Myomectomy

Video Objective Vessel ligation, typically the uterine artery, has been described as a preventative measure for bleeding in laparoscopic myomectomy. The internal iliac, or hypogastric artery, a vessel that obstetricians are familiar with ligating in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage, can also be used in laparoscopic myomectomy. In this video, we will review existing literature on vessel ligation in laparoscopic myomectomy, and then demonstrate internal iliac artery ligation as a prophylactic measure, as well as one to treat acute intraoperative hemorrhage. Setting Tertiary care academic hospital. Interventions Laparoscopic myomectomy. Conclusion Internal iliac artery ligation can be used to prevent and treat bleeding during difficult laparoscopic myomectomy.
Variation in Liquidity and Costly Arbitrage

I model the behavior of an arbitrageur who is exposed to time-varying liquidity. She is averse to liquidating her position in a bad liquidity state. Therefore, she limits her trading in stocks having high variation in liquidity. In equilibrium, these stocks experience severe mispricing due to reduced arbitrage activity. Consistent with the model, in empirical tests, I find higher mispricing in these stocks. The results are not explained by the level of liquidity or idiosyncratic volatility. Furthermore, the negative relationship between variation in liquidity and returns, documented in prior literature, is absent after accounting for the mispricing due to limited arbitrage.
Compact Convolutional Neural Networks for Ultrasound Beamforming

We trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to suppress off-axis scattering in the short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) domain. Our training data were point target responses from simulated anechoic cysts. We used random neural architecture search to build CNN models with variable input formulations, layer sizes, and training hyperparameters. Our results showed that CNNs were easier to train, as they required fewer network weights to match the performance of fully-connected networks (FCNs). The best CNN models achieved comparable phantom CNRs with with two to three orders of magnitude fewer weights.
Targeted Investigation Of Novel Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biomarkers Of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia In Preterm Infants

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic debilitating disease of preterm infants caused by oxygen toxicity, inflammation, and ventilator use leading to arrested alveolar development. Current therapies lack effectiveness and cause undesirable side effects. Our work utilizing bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their conditioned-media (MSC-CM) have shown protective effects in mouse BPD models. Analysis of the MSC-CM identified Osteopontin (Opn) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), as …
Joint Estimation of Trajectory and Dynamics from Paired Comparisons

Recent literature has developed methods for localizing a low-dimensional vector $w$ from paired comparisons of the form “ $w$ is closer to $\pmb{p}$ than $\pmb{q}$ , ” where $\pmb{p}$ and $q$ are selected from a fixed set of landmark points and $w$ does not change over time. In this work, we consider a time-varying extension of this problem, in which $w$ evolves according to some unknown dynamics model. We consider the task of actively selecting informative paired comparisons between landmark points to jointly estimate the state trajectory and identify the true dynamics model from a finite set of candidate models. Leveraging information-theoretic insights, we propose selecting pairs that simultaneously maximize information gain about both the trajectory and dynamics model, and propose a Bayesian method for tracking and system identification. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach with numerical simulations, showing that our method is able to jointly estimate the state trajectory and identify the correct dynamical model.
Characterization of arterial plaque composition with dual energy computed tomography: a simulation study

To investigate the feasibility of quantifying the chemical composition of coronary artery plaque in terms of water, lipid, protein, and calcium contents using dual-energy computed tomography (CT) in a simulation study. A CT simulation package was developed based on physical parameters of a clinical CT scanner. A digital thorax phantom was designed to simulate coronary arterial plaques in the range of 2–5 mm in diameter. Both non-calcified and calcified plaques were studied. The non-calcified plaques were simulated as a mixture of water, lipid, and protein, while the calcified plaques also contained calcium. The water, lipid, protein, and calcium compositions of the plaques were selected to be within the expected clinical range. A total of 95 plaques for each lesion size were simulated using the CT simulation package at 80 and 135 kVp. Half-value layer measurements were made to make sure the simulated dose was within the range of clinical dual energy scanning protocols. Dual-energy material decomposition using a previously developed technique was performed to determine the volumetric fraction of water, lipid, protein, and calcium contents in each plaque. For non-calcified plaque, the total volume conservation provides the third constrain for three-material decomposition with dual energy CT. For calcified plaque, a fourth criterion was introduced from a previous report suggesting a linear correlation between water and protein contents in soft tissue. For non-calcified plaque, the root mean-squared error (RMSE) of the image-based decomposition was estimated to be 0.7%, 1.5%, and 0.3% for water, lipid, and protein contents, respectively. As for the calcified plaques, the RMSE of the 5 mm plaques were estimated to be 5.6%, 5.7%, 0.2%, and 3.1%, for water, lipid, calcium, and protein contents, respectively. The RMSE increases as the plaque size reduces. The simulation results indicate that chemical composition of coronary arterial plaques can be quantified using dual-energy CT. By accurately quantifying the content of a coronary plaque lesion, our decomposition method may provide valuable insight for the assessment and stratification of coronary artery disease.