cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extended abstract: Dynamic rhetorics: Incorporating programming into the technical communication curriculum

This panel argues for a curriculum-wide model of programming. Computer languages such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript and ActionScript support the creation of electronic texts that are visual, interactive, and hyperlinked. Creating those texts at the level of source code, as programming, creates significant affordances for students to learn more deeply the dynamic rhetorical implications of information they must convey to their audiences electronically. Each panelist describes concrete classroom examples that demonstrate significant student learning achieved through code-level text construction that builds upon standard, familiar curricular emphases on writing, rewriting, and research.
Toward a self-sufficient system for human housing:

The simulation of a housing system in which most of the food and energy used by the occupants is produced locally is discussed. Energy is produced by solar collectors and methane generators. Food is produced in greenhouses, gardens, and fish tanks. Wastes are recycled as fertilizer and methane gas. The model uses solar energy submodels, engineering descriptions of heating and cooling systems, weather and construction parameters, tables of dietary needs, and food-production rates to obtain estimates of system self-sufficiency. The model uses the methods of system dynamics and the DYNAMO simulation language.
Some recent statistical methods for biomedical research

Abstract Three recent statistical methods are discussed. One of them is the preliminary test scheme of estimation where the experimenter is urged to list all the methods of estimation and then pick between them using a scheme that permits statistical analysis. In the second, they ask that the experimenter give an estimate of the true value based on his knowledge of the underlying phenomenon and then make a test using the data so that he can use the valuable prior information without sacrificing objectivity. In the third method, they give a statistical test to see if discrete data come from a branching process.
A scanning tunnelling microscopy study of the formation and chemical activation of step defects on the basal plane of pyrolytic graphite.

Summary Scanning tunnelling microscopy is used to monitor etching of the basal plane of highly orientated pyrolytic graphite by ozone, oxygen and nitric acid. These treatments are seen to produce numerous single and multilayer step defects. Subsequent modification of the graphite sheet edges flanking these cavities by cyanuric chloride, TiCl4 and other reagents is shown to activate the edges, thereby making them capable of covalently binding various molecules.
Use of tissue Doppler to distinguish discrete upper ventricular septal hypertrophy from obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Discrete upper septal hypertrophy (DUSH) is a well-recognized but poorly understood echocardiographic finding that may indicate localized remodeling modulated by pressure loading or a forme fruste variant of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). It was hypothesized that (1) a comparison of tissue Doppler indexes of myocardial function in normal patients and those with DUSH or aortic stenosis (AS) could provide insight into the clinical significance of DUSH and (2) these indexes could distinguish between DUSH and obstructive HC. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients aged 50 to 80 years who underwent routine echocardiography and who could be classified into normal, DUSH, AS, and HC groups (n = 25, 33, 23, and 34, respectively) on the basis of clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Early diastolic mitral annular velocities (Ea) in the DUSH (7.1 ± 1.8 cm/s) and AS (7.1 ± 1.7 cm/s) groups were lower compared with those in the normal group (9.3 ± 1.9 cm/s) and higher compared with those in the HC group (5.4 ± 1.3 cm/s), whereas the E/Ea ratio was higher in the DUSH and AS groups (10.0 ± 3.1 and 11.3 ± 2.8, respectively) compared with the normal group (7.1 ± 1.6) and lower compared with the HC group (18.8 ± 7.5). These differences remained significant after adjusting for age and the use of β blockers and calcium channel blockers. E/Ea ≥13 distinguished between patients with HC and those with DUSH (sensitivity 78%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 81%). In conclusion, abnormal Ea and E/Ea in patients with DUSH, with values similar to those in patients with AS, suggest that DUSH may represent a variant hypertrophic response to chronic pressure loading. Simple echocardiographic indexes may be helpful in distinguishing between patients with DUSH and those with obstructive HC.
Race, neighborhood disadvantage, and violence among persons with mental disorders: the importance of contextual measurement.

The individualistic fallacy (i.e., the fallacy of assuming that individual-level outcomes can be explained exclusively in terms of individual-level characteristics) is a problem with most research on violence, and is particularly problematic in research on mental disorder and violence. This article illustrates the importance of measuring community context by showing that race is not an important predictor of violence among persons with mental disorders when neighborhood disadvantage is controlled statistically. More generally, these results suggest that researchers run the risk of perpetuating the individualistic fallacy in studies of violence by persons with mental disorders when they use individual-level risk factors as predictors, but do not control for community context.
Applications of the Judd—Ofelt theory in lanthanide—chelidamic acid complexation

The coordination chemistry of trivalent lanthanides with chelidamic acid was studied using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopic methods. The speciation was determined using Eu(III) fluorescence techniques. The stability constants and the oscillator strengths were determined for the Ho(III) complexes from absorbance measurements of a Ho(III) hypersensitive transition. The lanthanide coordination chemistry of chelidamic acid and dipicolinic acid is compared.
Depressive Symptoms and Adolescent Romance: Theory, Research, and Implications

An emerging body of research indicates that in adolescence, romantic activities, experiences, and relationships are associated with depressive symptoms. This article reviews this literature, highlighting the public and mental health implications of the association, and proposes a research agenda for the future.
Pollination and parasitism in functionally dioecious figs

Fig wasps (Agaonidae: Hymenoptera) are seed predators and their interactions with Ficus species (Moraceae) range from mutualism to parasitism. Recently considerable attention has been paid to conflicts of interest between the mutualists and how they are resolved in monoecious fig species. However, despite the fact that different conflicts can arise, little is known about the factors that influence the persistence of the mutualism in functionally dioecious Ficus. We studied the fig pollinator mutualism in 14 functionally dioecious fig species and one monoecious species from tropical lowland rainforests near Madang, Papua New Guinea. Observations and experiments suggest that (i) pollinating wasps are monophagous and attracted to a particular host species; (ii) pollinating and non-pollinating wasps are equally attracted to gall (male) figs and seed (female) figs in functionally dioecious species; (iii) differing style lengths between gall figs and seed figs may explain why pollinators do not develop in the latter; (iv) negative density dependence may stabilize the interaction between pollinating wasps and their parasitoids; and (v) seed figs may reduce the search efficiency of non-pollinators. This increased pollinator production without a corresponding decrease in seed production could provide an advantage for dioecy in conditions where pollinators are limiting.
Supine exercise capacity identifies patients at low risk for perioperative cardiovascular events and predicts long-term survival.

Of the 570,000 patients who undergo vascular surgical procedures annually in the United States, 5% to 40% develop perioperative cardiac complications (1– 4). Although preoperative exercise testing can predict intraoperative cardiovascular events, the association between preoperative testing and long-term outcomes is less clear. We sought to determine the value of preoperative exercise testing with a supine bicycle in predicting perioperative cardiovascular events and longterm outcomes in patients scheduled for vascular surgery.
Study of Scaling in Hadronic Production of Dimuons

We present proton-nucleus dimuon-production cross sections for masses between 4 and 15 GeV, center-of-mass rapidities between -0.23 and 0.6 and incident energies of 200, 300, and 400 GeV. The data confirm scaling to the 20% level. The dependence of continuum on beam energy is also presented.
Pulsars and Pair Production in Electric Fields

WE wish to report a number of coincidences of observed pulsar properties with those of a radially oscillating coherent plasma of electron-positron pairs produced by a sufficiently strong electric field around a central object. Although it seems unlike that this model describes real pulsars, it is nevertheless interesting and may possibly find application elsewhere.
Penicillin treatment of syphilis: clearing away the shadow on the land.

In the follow-up to a preliminary report on the use of penicillin for early syphilis, Mahoney and colleagues presented the promising posttreatment observations of the original patients studied for periods in excess of 300 days. They also reported information on the treatment of an additional 100 patients. The accompanying papers in the same issue of JAMA reported on the results obtained by the National Research Council's newly formed Penicillin Panel. Those preliminary results are presented for both early and late syphilis.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA articles.
Analysis of Route Choice Decisions by Long-Haul Truck Drivers

This study has done an empirical analysis of long-haul truck drivers' route choice decision making as they navigate the U.S. highway network. The most important factor that has been analyzed is how long-haul truck drivers trade off between distance and time when faced with multiple routes. From information gathered from a revealed preference data set consisting of about 250,000 trucks over a 13-day period, a logistic model was constructed to describe route choice behavior when truck drivers are faced with alternate routes. The logistic model predicted the percentage of trucks that used the bypass route as a function of the perceived speed on the downtown route. The results of this study show that time is a significant factor in the decision-making process.
Sex differences in discriminative stimulus and diuretic effects of the κ opioid agonist U69,593 in the rat

Abstract Female and male rats were trained to discriminate the κ opioid agonist (5α,7α,8β)-(−)- N -methyl-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro(4,5)dec-8-yl]benzeneacetamide (U69,593, 0.13 mg/kg SC) from vehicle using a FR-10 schedule of food reinforcement. Female rats took significantly longer than males to acquire the discrimination (66.9 vs. 44.1 sessions, respectively), and the ED 50 for U69,593 discrimination was significantly higher in females than in males (0.074 vs. 0.025 mg/kg). The time course of U69,593 discrimination also differed between the sexes: peak and offset occurred earlier in females than in males. The ED 50 for bremazocine substitution was significantly higher in females than in males (0.0039 vs. 0.0006 mg/kg), whereas ethylketazocine substituted for U69,593 in all males and five of seven females, with no sex difference in substitution ED 50 . Morphine and BW373U86 did not substitute for U69,593 in a majority of rats of either sex. U69,593 also produced significantly less urine output/dose in females compared to males (e.g., 5.92 vs. 14.83 ml urine/kg body weight after 1.0 mg/kg U69,593), but was equipotent between the sexes in producing hot-plate antinociception. There was no sex difference in response rate-decreasing effect of any opioid agonist tested, and no sex difference in brain/blood ratio of [ 3 H]U69,593 measured in a separate group of rats, suggesting that sex differences observed in some effects of U69,593 probably are not due to sex differences in U69,593 pharmacokinetics. When retested at the end of the study, U69,593 and bremazocine were no longer differentially potent as discriminative stimuli in females and males, suggesting that factors that change over time (e.g., additional training, age, hormonal status) may contribute to initial sex differences in discriminability of U69,593.
RATIOS OF VACCINIA VIRUS PARTICLES TO VIRUS INFECTIOUS UNITS STUDIES OF RATIO CHANGES DURING GROWTH AND ADAPTATION IN EGGS, GUINEA PIGS, AND RABBITS

Total virus particle counts, infectivity titrations and the ratios between particles and infective units have been determined for vaccinia virus infected tissues. Growth curves of vaccinia in the chorioallantoic membrane are characterized by relatively low ratios from 1 to 4 days after inoculation and a marked rise in the ratio at more prolonged intervals. Ratio determinations of vaccinia virus passages in the egg, rabbit skin, and guinea pig skin have been made to study the phenomenon of adaptation in different hosts. The embryonated egg chorioallantoic membrane shows no variation in the ratio of particles to infectious units during passage and it is concluded that this host is completely susceptible to vaccinia. During adaptive passages on the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs relatively large amounts of non-infective virus appear as indicated by a rise in the particle-infectivity ratios. The extent of ratio increase appears related to the general resistance of the host to the virus. Finally, treatment of crude tissue extracts with sonic vibration is described as an aid in dispersing the virus particles for quantitative particle counts.
Non-Foster element and dispersion engineering approaches to bandwidth enhancements in active metamaterial-inspired structures

Because many metamaterial structures rely on resonances to achieve their interesting properties, they tend to exhibit narrow bandwidths. This is particularly true for resonant scattering and radiating structures, which are themselves intrinsically lossy and dispersive. Recent applications of non-Foster elements to overcome impedance and directivity bandwidth restrictions imposed by fundamental physics limits associated with passive elements will be described. The relationships between this active element approach at lower frequencies and gain material approaches at high frequencies for optical metamaterial structures will be reviewed. It will be demonstrated how the passive-gain-based multiple resonance line dispersion engineering approach and the non-Foster element techniques are interrelated.
Learning to press doorbell buttons

This paper describes an approach that a robot can use to learn to press doorbell buttons. This approach combines exploratory behaviors with an active learning strategy to enable the robot to learn faster how and where it should press a button in order to trigger the buzzer. The framework was tested with an upper-torso humanoid robot on seven different doorbell buttons. Three different active learning exploration strategies were evaluated: random, stimulus-driven, and uncertainty-driven. The results show that an active learning strategy can significantly speedup the robot's learning progress. Among the three strategies that were evaluated, the uncertainty-driven strategy was the most effective.
Correlates of colorectal cancer testing in Massachusetts men and women

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Although CRC screening can reduce CRC mortality, it is underutilized. We examined the association between personal and health care characteristics and CRC testing, defined as being current on any test that meets CRC screening guidelines. Methods The current investigation relies on questionnaire data from the 1999 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and a CRC call-back survey of 869 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System participants age 50 and older. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of CRC testing. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results Men were more likely than women to be currently tested for CRC. Physician recommendation for testing was strongly associated with testing among men and women, but among those with a recommendation, men were more likely to be tested than women. Older age, usually having an annual check-up, and HMO membership were associated with CRC testing among men and women. Perceived high risk of CRC was more strongly associated with testing among men, while other cancer screening was more strongly associated with testing among women. Conclusion There are important gender differences in the prevalence of CRC testing and in factors associated with testing. Research into understanding gender differences related to compliance with physician recommendations is warranted.
Clinical use of a digital simulator for rapid setup verification in high dose rate brachytherapy.

Purpose : Fractionated high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy provides a number of technical advantages over conventional implant therapy in that (a) it can be carried out on an outpatient basis, (b) personnel exposure is reduced to insignificant levels, and (c) patient motion during irradiation is minimized, resulting in a more accurate delivery of the planned radiation dose distribution to the target and critical structures. The patient discomfort associated with the repeated applicator insertions and/or treatment setups can be alleviated to the extent that the setup time is held to a minimum. This work describes the use of a prototype digital simulator to obtain fast, high-quality digital images for rapid setup verification. Methods and Materials : The digital imaging system of the prototype simulator consists of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which views the x-ray image optically transmitted from a conventional phosphor screen. Treatment is carried out with a remote afterloading HDR unit immediately after setup verification with the patient on the simulator stretcher. The high-resolution digital images are processed and displayed in about 5 s, as opposed to a minimum of approximately 2 min for film. Results : The imaging system has been evaluated for a variety of implant types, both intracavitary and interstitial. The digital radiographs provided permanent high-resolution images as required in most cases for precise applicator positioning. The gray scale manipulation capabilities were found to be useful for imaging in regions of different density, such as lung and soft tissue, in the same radiograph. The advantages of short image acquisition and display times were observed in all cases, but were most evident in the intraluminal procedures, which sometimes involved several pretreatment applicator adjustments at a time of considerable patient discomfort. Conclusion : Pretreatment imaging is necessary to fully exploit the technical advantages of HDR brachytherapy. High-quality digital radiography offers unique advantages in HDR setup and verification by providing fast high-resolution, undistorted images with software manipulation capabilities and permanent storage of images.
Clinical features and outcomes in patients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma.

Background Ewing sarcoma can arise in either bone or soft tissue locations. We sought to investigate if patient characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes differ between skeletal Ewing sarcoma and extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES).
Maneuver detection and tracking with a nonlinear target model

Two approaches to tracking a maneuverable target are presented. The tracking filter comprises two main parts: acceleration estimation and maneuver detection. The acceleration estimator is implemented first by assuming piecewise constant acceleration levels. Maneuver detection is performed to justify the validity of the assumption, i.e. if the acceleration has remained constant. If a maneuver is declared, the filter is reinitialized and a new level of constant acceleration is identified. The second approach is based on a nonlinear state model which gives better tracking for planar maneuvers and non constant accelerations.
Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system

Flax fibers are widely used as reinforcements in bio-based polymer matrix composites. This study investigated the hydrophilic nature and surface purity of flax fiber that affects fiber/matrix adhesion in combination with hydrophobic structural polymers via matrix modification and the utilization of fiber treatment, specifically in a flax/vinyl ester (VE) composite. A new method to manipulate the vinyl ester system with acrylic resin (AR) was developed to produce flax reinforced. On the other hand, different types of chemical and physical treatments were applied on the flax fiber. FTIR was applied to evaluate the effects of surface treatments. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to analyze the unmodified and modified VE resin system. The surface of untreated and treated flax fibers and their composites were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Sodium ethoxide-treated flax/ VE with 1% (wt) AR caused the best mechanical performance among all the flax/VE composites evaluated.
Class II Radio Signals from Venus at a Wave-length of II Metres

IN two earlier communications1, the reception of impulsive radio signals from the planet Venus at a wave-length of 11 metres was reported. These signals have burst-like characteristics somewhat resembling atmospherics from terrestrial thunderstorms and may presumably originate in similar storms on Venus. The bursts are of very short duration, being a small fraction of a second.
Rescuing dicer Defects via Inhibition of an Anti-Dicing Nuclease

Genetic defects in the microRNA (miRNA) generating enzyme, dicer, are increasingly linked to disease. Loss of miRNA in dicer deficiency is thought to be due to loss of miRNA-generating activity. Here, we demonstrate a catabolic mechanism driving miRNA depletion in dicer deficiency. We developed a Dicer-antagonist assay revealing a pre-miRNA degrading enzyme that competes with pre-miRNA processing. We purified this pre-miRNA degrading activity using an unbiased chromatographic procedure and identified the ribonuclease complex Translin/Trax (TN/TX). In wild-type dicer backgrounds, pre-miRNA processing was dominant. However, in dicer-deficient contexts, TN/TX broadly suppressed miRNA. These findings indicate that miRNA depletion in dicer deficiency is due to the combined loss of miRNA-generating activity and catabolic function of TN/TX. Importantly, inhibition of TN/TX mitigated loss of both miRNA and tumor suppression with dicer haploinsufficiency. These studies reveal a potentially druggable target for restoring miRNA function in cancers and emerging dicer deficiencies.
Joint Multitarget Tracking and Sensor Localization in Collaborative Sensor Networks

Multitarget tracking methods in a sensor network often assume the knowledge of the locations of the sensor nodes. However, in reality sensor nodes are randomly deployed with no prior knowledge about their positions. We propose a method to track an unknown and variable number of targets in the presence of false detections with the positions of sensor nodes estimated jointly to avoid the need of extra localization hardware. Moreover, as low-power consumption is a requirement in sensor networks, a collaborative estimation scheme is presented. For each target in the field under observation there is only a small set of sensor nodes that are active while the others remain in an idle state. The proposed technique is based on a Rao-Blackwellized sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method that takes advantage of the fact that the state space of the unknown variables is separable. Therefore the problem is divided in two parts. The first one generates samples to estimate the number of targets and solves the association uncertainty between measurements and targets; while the second one is a multiple target tracking problem that can be solved with a modified unscented Kalman filter (MUKF) for each sample. It is shown through simulations that it is possible to track the multiple targets and also get accurate estimates of the unknown locations of the sensor nodes.
Entryway into the child protection system: The impacts of child maltreatment reporting policies and reporting system structures

This study was designed to assess the impacts of maltreatment reporting policies and reporting system structures on four aspects of entry into the child protection system (the maltreatment referral rate, the percentage of referrals screened in for investigation, the screened-in report rate and the substantiated report rate). Using secondary data from several sources, eight multiple linear regression models were created and analyzed. Results from a sample of 44 states indicated significant effects for system structure but no effects for reporting policies. Specifically, states with decentralized reporting system structures were significantly more restrictive in access than other states. These results have implications for child welfare administrators and policymakers seeking to maximize access for maltreated children and their families.
Biological pigments as fluorescent labels for cytometry

The use of protein-based biological pigments in combination with low molecular weight organic dye molecules allows the simultaneous detection of up to six independent components of a cell surface by antibody dependent fluorescence (immunofluorescence) excited with a single 488nm laser line. This paper describes the state of the art in multi-color immunofluorescence with 488nm Ar-ion laser excitation. It provides the data to design systems for specialized applications.
Nodular fasciitis of parotid region: a pitfall in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is routinely employed for the preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although most cases show morphologic features characteristic of specific entities, some lesions can be diagnostically challenging. We report two parotid aspirates, initially diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on FNA. The patients, a 33-yr-old white man, and a 24-yr-old white woman, presented with indurated lesions arising in the parotid gland region. The aspirates from both patients were markedly hypercellular. Smears showed a mixture of spindle cells with a well-demarcated cytoplasm showing occasional long cytoplasmic process; and cells with abundant cytoplasm with round to oval eccentric nuclei, giving the impression of plasmacytoid cells of pleomorphic adenoma. The nuclear chromatin was evenly distributed and finely granular with one or two occasional small nucleoli. Intermingled with the tumor cells were scattered neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Aggregates of spindle cells were also seen embedded in a mucoid background with occasional small tufts of a fibrillar mucoid stroma. These fibrillar tufts were magenta red in the Diff-Quik stain, giving the impression of matrix of pleomorphic adenoma. Both cases were later diagnosed on histologic examination as nodular fasciitis. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass arising in association with the parotid gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:191–194. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Controversies in the evolutionary social sciences: a guide for the perplexed.

Abstract It is 25 years since modern evolutionary ideas were first applied extensively to human behavior, jump-starting a field of study once known as ‘sociobiology'. Over the years, distinct styles of evolutionary analysis have emerged within the social sciences. Although there is considerable complementarity between approaches that emphasize the study of psychological mechanisms and those that focus on adaptive fit to environments, there are also substantial theoretical and methodological differences. These differences have generated a recurrent debate that is now exacerbated by growing popular media attention to evolutionary human behavioral studies. Here, we provide a guide to current controversies surrounding evolutionary studies of human social behavior, emphasizing theoretical and methodological issues. We conclude that a greater use of formal models, measures of current fitness costs and benefits, and attention to adaptive tradeoffs, will enhance the power and reliability of evolutionary analyses of human social behavior.
An Outline of Inner Model Theory

This paper outlines the basic theory of canonical inner models satisfying large cardinal hypotheses. It begins with the definition of the models, and their fine structural analysis modulo iterability assumptions. It then outlines how to construct canonical inner models, and prove their iterability, in roughly the greatest generality in which it is currently known how to do this. The paper concludes with some applications: genericity iterations, proofs of generic absoluteness, and a proof that the hereditarily ordinal definable sets of L(ℝ) constitute a canonical inner model.
The wide-angle equation and its solution through the short-time iterative Lanczos method

Properties of the wide-angle equation (WAEQ), a nonparaxial scalar wave equation used to propagate light through media characterized by inhomogeneous refractive-index profiles, are studied. In particular, it is shown that the WAEQ is not equivalent to the more complicated but more fundamental Helmholtz equation (HEQ) when the index of refraction profile depends on the position along the propagation axis. This includes all nonstraight waveguides. To study the quality of the WAEQ approximation, we present a novel method for computing solutions to the WAEQ. This method, based on a short-time iterative Lanczos (SIL) algorithm, can be applied directly to the full three-dimensional case, i.e., systems consisting of the propagation axis coordinate and two transverse coordinates. Furthermore, the SIL method avoids series-expansion procedures (e.g., Pade approximants) and thus convergence problems associated with such procedures. Detailed comparisons of solutions to the HEQ, WAEQ, and the paraxial equation (PEQ) are presented for two cases in which numerically exact solutions to the HEQ can be obtained by independent analysis, namely, (i) propagation in a uniform dielectric medium and (ii) propagation along a straight waveguide that has been tilted at an angle to the propagation axis. The quality of WAEQ and PEQ, compared with exact HEQ results, is investigated. Cases are found for which the WAEQ actually performs worse than the PEQ.
The role of motor-sensory feedback in the evolution of mind

Seemingly small changes in brain organization can have revolutionary consequences for function. An example is evolution's application of the primate action-planning mechanism to the management of communicative sequences. When feedback from utterances reaches the brain again through a mechanism that evolved to monitor action sequences, it makes another pass through the brain, amplifying the human power of thinking.
Preaching, Prosperity, and Product Sales: A Profile of On-Demand Digital Audio Offerings of Christian Renewalist Ministries

In the United States alone, millions of listeners tune in to Internet-based audio-on-demand (commonly known as podcast programming). Religious programming is among the fastest-growing podcast areas. Since studies show that evangelicals are known to be quick to adopt new technology, this research involved a content analysis of 67 podcast episodes produced by five well-known renewalist evangelical ministries. The study found most podcasts were not original in content and were not consistently available for listeners to download. Also, the podcasts had poorer production values than would be expected from broadcast programming. A frame analysis identified ministries' justification of religious messages, listener responses sought, and rewards promised to listeners. More research is needed to answer questions about the impact on listeners and compare the content of renewalist program offerings to other Christian podcasts.
Regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis: selective influenza viral mRNA translation is mediated by the cellular RNA-binding protein GRSF-1.

To better understand regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis, we studied cellular and viral mRNA translation in influenza virus-infected cells. Influenza virus infection results in a dramatic shut-off of cellular protein synthesis that is concomitant with selective viral mRNA translation. Earlier work showed that these events are mediated by viral and/or cellular factors binding to the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of viral mRNAs. To identify trans-acting cellular proteins responsible for selective viral protein synthesis, we employed the yeast three-hybrid system. Using the 5′ UTR of the influenza virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) mRNA as bait, we identified the cellular RNA-recognition motif containing RNA-binding protein G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF-1) as a positive-acting translational regulatory factor. The in vivo yeast assay revealed GRSF-1 specifically bound to the NP 5′ UTR but not select NP 5′ UTR mutants or cellular RNA 5′ UTRs. These data were confirmed by gel shift assays using recombinant GRSF-1. Importantly, recombinant GRSF-1 specifically stimulated translation of a NP 5′ UTR-driven template in cell-free translation systems. Furthermore, translation efficiency of NP 5′ UTR-driven templates was reduced markedly in GRSF-1-depleted HeLa cell extracts, but restored in GRSF-1-reconstituted extracts. GRSF-1 also stimulated translation of an NP 5′ UTR-driven template in HeLa cell extracts that were depleted of essential factors by addition of RNA oligonucleotides representing the viral 5′ UTR RNA. Taken together, these data document the functional demonstration of a cellular protein binding to influenza virus RNAs and, importantly, suggest that influenza virus may recruit GRSF-1 to the 5′ UTR to ensure preferential translation of viral mRNAs in infected cells.
Spatially and Temporally Resolved Measurements of Velocity in a H2-air Combustion-Heated Supersonic Jet

This paper presents simultaneous measurements at multiple points of two orthogonal components of flow velocity using a single-shot interferometric Rayleigh scattering (IRS) technique. The measurements are performed on a large-scale Mach 1.6 (Mach 5.5 enthalpy) H2-air combustion jet during the 2007 test campaign in the Direct Connect Supersonic Combustion Test facility at NASA Langley Research Center. The measurements are performed simultaneously with CARS (Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Spectroscopy) using a combined CARS-IRS instrument with a common path 9-nanosecond pulsed, injection-seeded, 532-nm Nd:YAG laser probe pulse. The paper summarizes the measurements of velocities along the core of the vitiated air flow as well as two radial profiles. The average velocity measurement near the centerline at the closest point from the nozzle exit compares favorably with the CFD calculations using the VULCAN code. Further downstream, the measured axial velocity shows overall higher values than predicted with a trend of convergence at further distances. Larger discrepancies are shown in the radial profiles.
Focused Attention and the Detectability of Weak Gustatory Stimuli: Empirical Measurement and Computer Simulationsa

ABSTRACT: Attentional processes can modulate the detectability of weak stimuli; for example, the detectability of visual or auditory signals can depend on whether attention is allocated to the appropriate spatial location (vision) or acoustic frequency (hearing). Earlier attempts in the first author's laboratory to find analogous effects of focused attention on the detectability of taste stimuli were equivocal, in part it seems because human gustatory sensitivity can fluctuate substantially over time, a serious problem when using procedures that track sensitivity (d') to a constant stimulus concentration. To circumvent this problem, we adopted an adaptive psychophysical procedure, the transformed up-down method, using a 3-down/1-up rule to determine how the threshold to detect weak concentrations of sucrose and citric acid depended on whether the stimulus presented in a given two-alternative, forced-choice trial was expected or unexpected. The results showed threshold sensitivity to he slightly but consistently poorer when the test stimulus was unexpected (e.g., sucrose presented when citric acid was expected) than it was when the test stimulus was expected (e.g., sucrose presented when sucrose was expected). In this attentional paradigm, the unexpected stimulus must perforce be presented on only a small fraction of the trials. In selecting a procedure, we chose a 3-down/1-up adaptive rule rather than the more popular 2-down/1-up rule, a choice that turned out to be in line with results of Monte Carlo computer simulations. These simulations suggest that across a wide range of conditions (starting stimulus concentrations, step sizes), the variability in threshold measurements can he smaller with a 3-down/1-up rule than with a 2-down/1-up rule, even when the total number of trials is the same and not very great.
Optimal economic stabilization policies under decentralized control and conflicting objectives

This paper derives methods for the calculation of optimal stabilization policies under the assumption that monetary and fiscal control are exercised by separate authorities who may have different objectives. Each authority minimizes its own quadratic cost functional subject to the constraint of a linear econometric model. Nash solution strategies are calculated for this discrete-time differential game, both in the context of open-loop and closed-loop behavior (in the closed-loop framework each authority can continually revise his policy in response to the evolving strategy of the other authority). The results are applied to a small econometric model, and show how the degree of fiscal or monetary control depends on the particular conflict situation, and how conflicting policies are "sub-optimal" in comparison with coordinated policies.
Sensing data centres for energy efficiency

Data centres are large energy consumers today, and their consumption is expected to increase further, driven by the growth in cloud services. The large monetary cost and the environmental impact of this consumption have motivated operators to optimize data centre management. We argue that one of the underlying reasons for the low-energy utilization is the lack of visibility into a data centre's highly dynamic operating conditions. Wireless sensor networks promise to remove this veil of uncertainty by delivering large volumes of data collected at high spatial and temporal fidelities. The paper summarizes data centre operations in order to describe the parameters that a data centre sensing network should collect and motivate the challenges that such a network faces. We present technical approaches for the problems of data collection and management and close with an overview of a data centre genome, an end-to-end data centre sensing system.
A Joint Design of MIMO-OFDM Transceiver and Power-Saving MAC in WLANs

The combination of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as one of the most promising solutions for improving spectrum efficiency and enhancing data rate for next-generation wireless communication systems. However, the applications of these advanced physical-layer techniques also impose great challenges on upper layer protocol designs. In this paper, a cross-layer approach was proposed to exploring the utility of the joint design of multiuser MIMO-OFDM technique and power-saving MAC protocol. Specifically, a novel MIMO-OFDM transceiver architecture and an improved power-saving MAC protocol (namely, PSM-MIMO/OFDM) are proposed. In the proposed downlink transceiver architecture, by processing the data according to the channel state, the access point (AP) makes the data for one user appear as zero at the other user on each subcarrier such that it can send distinct packets to two users simultaneously. In the dual uplink, two users can concurrently transmit data to the AP without co-channel interference by uplink-downlink duality. The key ideas of PSM-MIMO/OFDM can be summarized as follows. A similar timing structure was employed to IEEE 802.11 power-saving mechanism (PSM). By utilizing ATIM (ad-hoc traffic indication message) window, negotiations are conducted between the AP and multiple candidate users via ATIM messages to achieve multiuser diversity gains. At the end of ATIM window, the AP sends an additional beacon to indicate the estimated time duration for data exchange with the measurement result of the number of active links which have been successfully negotiated during ATIM window. The length of a beacon interval is adjustable to satisfy the requirements of active links to the maximum extent. During the data exchange, the AP always communicates with two compatible users simultaneously both in the downlink and uplink, which effectively creates extra dimensions in the spatial domain. Extensive simulations have been conducted and the results demonstrate that the new protocol significantly outperforms other power-saving MAC protocols with only minimum additional overhead and minor modifications to the IEEE 802.11 PSM.
Note on: An integrated vendor–buyer cooperative inventory model for items with imperfect quality

Huang [Huang, C., 2002. An integrated vendor–buyer cooperative inventory model for items with imperfect quality. Production Planning and Control, 13 (4), 355–361] proposes an integrated inventory model which allows a vendor and a buyer to minimise their expected integrated total cost function when the vendor's production process is not perfect. This note identifies two errors in the paper and provides a reformulation of the model.
Increasing the reliability of ipsative interpretations in neuropsychology: a comparison of reliable components analysis and other factor analytic methods.

Ipsative approaches to neuropsychological assessment typically involve interpreting difference scores between individual test scores. The utility of these methods is limited by the reliability of neuropsychological difference scores and the number of comparisons between scores. The present study evaluated the utility of difference scores using factor analytic methods, including reliable components analysis (RCA), equally weighted composites and individual neuropsychological measures. Data from 1,364 individuals referred for neuropsychological assessment were factor analyzed and the resulting solutions were used to compute composite scores. Reliabilities and confidence intervals were derived for each method. Results indicated that RCA outperformed other factor analytic methods, but produced a slightly different factor structure. Difference scores derived using orthogonal solutions were slightly more reliable than oblique methods, and both were more reliable than those from equally weighted composites and individual measures. Confidence intervals for difference scores were considerably smaller for factor methods relative to those for individual test comparisons, due to the greater reliability of factor based difference scores and the smaller number of comparisons required. These findings suggest that difference scores derived from orthogonal factor solutions, particularly RCA solutions, may improve reliability for clinical assessment purposes. (JINS, 2004, 10, 578‐589.)
Mechanisms in the development of anomalous sea ice extent in the western Arctic: A case study

Interannual cycles and trends in Arctic ice cover are dominated by strong regional variability. Arctic sea ice extent exhibited a record minimum within the Arctic Basin during September 1990, dominated by a rapid retreat in the Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. Simulations using a coupled regional model reproduced the enhanced cyclonic activity and enhanced ice melt which led to this large retreat in sea ice cover. Sensitivity experiments showed that accurate initial ice conditions are crucial for a realistic simulation of the ice anomaly, pointing to the need for adequate spin-up in coupled model experiments. It was also found that thermodynamic melt can account for the bulk of the total loss in ice mass over the summer season in 1990, but without dynamics, the spatial patterns characteristic of the ice reductions are not reproduced well. Also, transport of ice was crucial to initiate the formation of the anomaly, even if the formation was delayed until later in the season. The ice-albedo feedback is important in allowing the continued formation of the ice anomaly throughout the summer. Interannual variations in atmospheric circulation that yield regional differences in ice thickness provide a preconditioning that significantly affected development of the ice anomaly. This suggests that circulation modes play an important role in determining ice severity along the Siberian coast.
Process optimization by the “complex” method

The “complex” method of M. J. Box has been adapted and used to optimize the design of continuous chemical processes. Such a design involves the extremization of a nonlinear objective function subject of nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. The method consists of finding an original feasible “complex” of solutions, eliminating the worst of these by reflection through the controid of those remaining, and repeating until an optimum has been reached. An example of significant complexity has been solved and the results are reported. The method looks quite promising for use in the optimization of chemical process designs.
Discussions of the origin and evolution of the oral apparatus of anuran tadpoles

Because studies of the oral apparatus of anuran tadpoles seem to be mired at the descriptive stage, a discussion based mostly on developmental concepts is presented as a primer to studies of developmental genetics and evolution. An oral configuration common among many ecomorphological guilds of anuran tadpoles is used as a morphological standard without ascribing evolutionary significance. Comments on the patterns of modifications of the jaw sheaths and labial teeth and other morphological patterns are presented
Family and School Capital Effects on Delinquency: Substitutes or Complements?

Studies imply that family and school resources independently affect delinquency. Yet research has not developed a conceptual or analytic framework for exploring how these variables may interact to affect delinquent behavior. The authors propose that certain family and school variables may serve as substitute or complementary forms of capital in equations designed to predict delinquency. In particular, school capital may substitute for low family capital to decrease involvement in delinquent behavior. Using data from the 1990 National Educational Longitudinal Study and the 1994–1995 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the authors find that high-quality school environments serve as substitutes for poor parental attachment and a lack of parental involvement in children's schooling, especially among adolescents who experience low academic achievement or report a lack of academic values. Hence, school-based social capital attenuates involvement in delinquency partly by compensating f...