cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface diffusion and growth of patterned nanostructures on strained surfaces

We propose a method of controllable growth of patterned nanostructures on a surface with a sell-organized network of buried dislocations. The general treatment for the diffusion of Co adatoms and growth on the strained Ptsurface is given as a prototype for magnetic recording media. Ab initio self-consistent calculations of surface diffusion events of a Co adatom on the Pt( 111) surface show that adatoms prefer to diffuse to the regions of largest tensile strain. The hopping barrier for adatom diffusion increases with tensile strain showing that preferred nucleation occurs in the regions of high tensile stress. The variation of the hopping barrier on the underlying strain produced by buried dislocations is analyzed in terms of a surface stress relief picture based on ah initio calculations. Based on these results, kinetic Monte Carlo studies of the growth of Co on Pt(111) have been performed; they show the possibility of controlled growth of patterned nanostructures with appropriate choice of dislocation spacing, film thickness and temperature.
Cross‐Cultural Conflict Resolution in the Schools: Some Practical Intervention Strategies for Counselors

The authors present a context for understanding the increase in school violence as a function of poor conflict resolution skills. They provide counselors with selected cross-cultural approaches for conflict resolution and problem solving. They also discuss how the methods could be implemented in a school setting. A case study is used to demonstrate the approaches in action.
Construction of planar diagrams

We give a simple prescription for explicitly constructing a class of planar diagrams, and we discuss their physical relevance. All diagrams are generated from what we call the maximal ones, which are constructed iteratively. The prescription is proved in detail and examples are given. (AIP)
Calculation of brain atrophy using computed tomography and a new atrophy measurement tool

Purpose: To determine if brain atrophy can be calculated by performing volumetric analysis on conventional computed tomography (CT) scans in spite of relatively low contrast for this modality. Materials & Method: CTs for 73 patients from the local Veteran Affairs database were selected. Exclusion criteria: AD, NPH, tumor, and alcohol abuse. Protocol: conventional clinical acquisition (Toshiba; helical, 120 kVp, X-ray tube current 300mA, slice thickness 3-5mm). Locally developed, automatic algorithm was used to segment intracranial cavity (ICC) using (a) white matter seed (b) constrained growth, limited by inner skull layer and (c) topological connectivity. ICC was further segmented into CSF and brain parenchyma using a threshold of 16 Hu. Results: Age distribution: 25–95yrs; (Mean 67±17.5yrs.). Significant correlation was found between age and CSF/ICC(r=0.695, p Conclusion: Brain atrophy can be reliably calculated using automated software and conventional CT. Compared to MRI, CT is more widely available, cheaper, and less affected by head motion due to ~100 times shorter scan time. Work is in progress to improve the precision of the measurements, possibly leading to assessment of longitudinal changes within the patient.
A Summary of Experiments in Michigan Lakes on the Elimination of Fish Populations with Rotenone, 1934–1942

Abstract During the period 1934–1942, 32 lakes in Michigan were treated with rotenone to remove or reduce unwanted fish populations, and an attempt to recover the entire fish population was made on 18 of them. The majority of these lakes were not supporting a desirable or normally growing fish population at the time they were treated. They were mostly small, all less than 22 acres, and included lakes whose waters ranged from very soft to very hard, from acid to alkaline, and from shallow to very deep. In productivity, as measured by the standing crop of fish recovered, these lakes ranged from 10.0 to 194.5 pounds per acre. The lakes averaged 58.5 pounds of fish per acre of which 18.2 pounds were legal-sized game fish. The hard-water lakes were, in general, more productive than the soft-water lakes and the warm-water lakes more productive than the trout lakes.
Controlling and Monitoring Induced Unconsciousness: Ergonomics and Design in Anesthesia:

This research is the continuation of that presented in these proceedings in 1987; the application of Ergonomics and Industrial Design to the problems of the anesthesia workstation. However, the focus has grown from simple estimation of the unconscious patients depth-of-anesthesia (via brain stem, vagus nerve, esophagus) to the super-ordinate ergonomic problems of controlling and monitoring anesthesia; i.e., positioning and mobility of the clinician and equipment, information feedback, line of sight and reach, etc. This required the empirical determination of the necessary and sufficient patient-derived information required to manage each case, then making this information-gathering system the basis for the design of a new integrated monitoring system. The resulting system combines and displays all the necessary parameters in such a way that the clinician can determine the instantaneous or trended states of the patient, the system and the anesthesia procedure. Secondarily, the investigation has produced a ...
Urban Community Study by Preservice Teachers

This study determined urban community perspectives on quality education and constructed advice for beginning classroom teachers. Participant observers were 26 graduate teacher candidates. First, "expert groups " of students with the same study (e.g., churches, youth gang task force, Urban League, neighborhood arts council, teen pregnancy program, family adoption) presented findings. Next, jigsaw teams composed of experts from different study groups (faced two questions from the urban community: "What is good education?" and "What does the community expect teachers to do in classrooms?" Significant themes and examples were extracted and organized. Chief among these were (a) identification of value of community study, (b) differences between community members who are well served by schools and those who are not, (c) expectations of community for urban educators, and (d) student teacher views changed as a result of study. Observers found two distinct populations with considerably different views. Some are we...
Increased rate of transcription contributes to elevated expression of the mutant p53 gene in Burkitt's lymphoma cells

Mutations and elevated levels of the p53 tumor suppressor protein have been reported in Burkitt's lymphomas (BL). We investigated whether elevated levels of the mutant p53 protein can be due to transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. In surveying a series of B-lymphoid cell lines, we found that a high level of the p53 protein tended to reflect high steady-state levels of p53 mRNA. p53 mRNA exhibited high stability in all of the cells tested. Cycloheximide treatment of the cells showed that the low level of p53 mRNA in non-BL lymphoid cells can not be attributed to posttranscriptional regulation by a labile protein. Nuclear run-on experiments revealed that the transcription rate of the p53 gene is about four times higher in some high p53-expressing BL cell lines as compared to low p53-expressing lymphoid cell lines. Our data suggest that an increase in the rate of transcription of the p53 gene is one of the mechanisms that contribute to elevated levels of mutant p53 protein observed in many tumor cells.
Asymmetric Trailing-Edge Flows at High Reynolds Number

Results from an experimental investigation of asymmetric trailing-edge flows at high Reynolds numbers and subsonic Mach numbers are presented. Measurements include skin friction; surface and flow-field pressures; and mean-velocity, turbulent shear-stress, and turbulent kinetic-energy profiles in the trailing-edge region. Comparisons are made with computed solutions using Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes and boundary-layer equations; two different turbulence models are used. Two attached flow are considered, one having a moderate adverse pressure gradient and the other a more severe gradient. From the comparisons, an evaluation is made of the predictions for these two pressure-gradient cases. Although the comparisons demonstrate reasonable agreement for the moderate pressure-gradient case, some differences are noted for the severe pressure-gradient case.
Learning of equilibria and misperceptions in hypergames with perfect observations

This paper studies the learning of equilibria in adversarial situations when players may have misperceptions about the game they are involved in with their opponents. We use the concept of high-level hypergames to model these scenarios. By drawing connections with the theory of ordinal potential games, we establish that players in a hypergame can individually learn their perceived equilibria using any improving adjustment scheme. We investigate how players can incorporate the information gained from observing the opponents' actions by updating different levels of her perception. We introduce high-level perception updating algorithms for resolving inconsistencies in perception using self-blaming or opponent-blaming strategies. Finally, we establish that when all players are rational and have perfect observation about past outcomes, repeated play converges to an equilibrium.
Progress of Perioperative Pain Management, but Still Far from Perfect

For the first time in the past 12 years, Dr. Buvanendran et al. in their article entitled “The Incidence and Severity of Postoperative Pain Following Inpatient Surgery” have re-examined a question of great interest: the stages of perioperative pain. The originality of their article resides not only in their findings, but also in their approach. The methodology of the study was robust and compared data obtained in 2012–13 and data obtained in 1998–2002 that was published in the landmark paper by Apfelbaum et al. ⇓. However, the study was expanded to include perioperative pain assessment tools not only during hospitalization but also one and 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital. Besides “classic” pain markers such as pain scores, interference of pain with normal activity, and patient satisfaction, the study included criteria of much more recent interest, such as HCAHPS. Despite the fact that this was a single-center study, it is important to acknowledge that the population of …
Engineering management, engineering reasoning, and engineering education: lessons from the Space Shuttle Challenger

The author analyzes published and archival testimony of participants in the decision to launch the Challenger, and extracts novel lessons for engineering training and engineering managers from the decision process. The professional weakness pointed to is either curricular or instructional: a gap in the education of engineers. Staff engineers and engineering managers arguing for and against the launch were unable to frame basic questions of covariation among field variables, and thus to see the relevance of field data routinely gathered. Simple analyses of field data available to both Morton-Thiokol and NASA to launch time and a year beforehand are presented to show that the arguments against launching at cold temperatures could have been quantified to the point of predicting degrees of component failure beyond those held by decision participants to be safe. >
Short (low-dose) ketamine infusion for managing acute pain in the ED: case-report series.

• We report on 14 patients who received low-dose (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) ketamine infusions in the emergency department for acute pain
A minimal-model based horizontal fragmentation algorithm for disjunctive deductive databases

Disjunctive deductive databases (DDDBs) capture indefinite information, i.e., imprecise or partial knowledge of the real world, and are more general than definite deductive databases that can only represent unconditionally true facts. Formal approaches for fragmenting a DDDB, with a view to distribute the DDDB and then design a query optimization strategy for the distributed DDDB, are lacking. We present a formal approach for fragmenting a DDDB based on the minimal-model semantics. Fragments generated by the proposed algorithm facilitate query evaluation against the DDDB in a distributed system.
The head and neck surgeon as clinician-investigator: opportunities and imperatives. The Hayes Martin Lecture.

I am honored to have been asked to present this memorial lecture in memory of Hayes Martin, MD, who is considered the father of contemporary head and neck surgery. Dr Martin was born in 1892 and died in 1977. As the chief of the head and neck surgery service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, Dr Martin made many outstanding observations and contributions that were fundamental to the surgical management of head and neck cancer. These include the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of solid tumors of the head and neck, management of the unknown primary, and the appropriate surgery for cervical metastasis. Dr Martin’s concepts were empirical and based on his keen observational skills and experience. He was indeed a clinician-investigator.
A Methodology for Conducting Human Factors Evaluations of Vehicles in Operational Field Tests

Abstract : The purpose was to develop a standardized methodology for use in conducting human factors evaluations of trucks and similar vehicles within the context of operational field tests. The focus is on the assessment of users' (drivers') judgments and allows for differential weighting of individual human factors characteristics. The key to the methodology is the Human Factors Vehicular Evaluation Instrument, which is an interview form containing 85 human factors characteristics relevant to vehicle design and operation. Data are presented from the initial utilization of the methodology in an operational field test.
Computational algebraic geometry and its applications

This issue of the Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing presents selected papers on work presented at, or related to, the first two meetings of the Michigan Computational Algebraic Geometry group, namely MCAG 2012, MCAG 2013. MCAG conferences are a yearly event held in one of the public universities in Michigan. Their aim is to bring together algebraic geometers from academia and industry and to foster further cooperation. MCAG-group is a network of algebraic geometers in Michigan and surrounding areas in order to encourage collaboration, exploration of new applications, and stronger connections to industry. The group organizes yearly conferences in different Michigan institutions, training sessions for students, and encourages collaboration among different mathematics departments from Michigan. During the first two MCAG conferences, there were hundred of participants from all public research universities in Michigan. There were also participants from Ontario, Canada and many Midwest sates. Among invited speakers were Igor Dolgachev (University of Michigan), William Fulton (University of Michigan), Gene Freudenburg (Western Michigan University), Rajesh Kulkarni (Michigan State University), Harm Derksen (University of Michigan), Charles Wampler (General Motors), Juan Migliore (University of Notre Dame), Annegret Paul (Western Michigan University), Gregory Pearlstein (Michigan State University), Tony Shaska (Oakland University), David Speyer (University of Michigan), Jan Verschelde (University of Illinois—Chicago), Fabrizio Zanello (Michigan Tech.), Dan Erman (University of Michigan), Cynthia Vinzant (University of Michi-
A dye-doped optical sensor for the detection of biodiesel in diesel.

The ability to detect biodiesel at various concentrations in diesel is an important goal in several industries. A simple, solvatochromic dye-doped optical sensor is presented for quick and direct detection of 0.5 ppm–20% v/v FAME/biodiesel in diesel.
Business Responses to Environmental and Social Protection Policies: Towards a Framework for Analysis

This conceptual paper seeks to advance neo-institutional work that has traditionally portrayed environmental and social protection policies as constraints followed by businesses. Drawing from the policy sciences literature, we propose that in the United States businesses tend to show increasing resistance as the protective policy process moves from initiation to selection and growing cooperation thereafter. Most importantly, we also contribute to the neo-institutional theory literature by positing that this inverted U-shaped policy process-business response relationship proposed for the U.S. context may be moderated by variations in the: level of democracy, system of interest representation, regulatory approach, and national income.
DIVERGENCE WITH GENE FLOW IN THE ROCK-DWELLING CICHLIDS OF LAKE MALAWI

Within the past two million years, more than 450 species of haplochromine cichlids have diverged from a single common ancestor in Lake Malawi. Several factors have been implicated in the diversification of this mono- phyletic clade, including changes in lake level and low levels of gene flow across limited geographic scales. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of recent lake-level fluctuations on patterns of allelic diversity in the genus Metriaclima, to describe the patterns of population structure within this genus, and to identify barriers to migration. This was accomplished through an analysis of allele frequencies at four microsatellite loci. Twelve populations spanning four species within Metriaclima were surveyed. The effect of lake-level fluctuations can be seen in the reduced genetic diversity of the most recently colonized sites; however, genetic diversity is not depressed at the species level. Low levels of population structure exist among populations, yet some gene flow persists across long stretches of inhospitable habitat. No general barrier to migration was identified. The results of this study are interpreted with respect to several speciation models. Divergence via population bottlenecks is unlikely due to the large allelic diversity observed within each species. Genetic drift and microallopatric divergence are also rejected because some gene flow does occur between adjacent populations. However, the reduced levels of gene flow between populations does suggest that minor changes in the selective environment could cause the divergence of populations.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH ACT PRODUCTION

This study examined the effects of individual difference (ID) factors on changing pragmatic abilities among L2 learners of English. Participants were 48 Japanese EFL students in an English-medium university in Japan. They completed a pragmatic speaking test (k=12) that assessed their ability to produce two speech acts: requests and opinions, in high- and low-imposition situations. The measure was given three times during one academic year. Speech acts were evaluated for appropriateness and fluency. Three ID factors (proficiency, orientation towards English study, and lexical access skill) were measured, and their effects on changes in appropriateness and fluency of speech act production were assessed. Results revealed significant effects of individual factors on pragmatic change, but the effects appeared differently between appropriateness and fluency.
Enormous, rapidly growing breast mass

Signs and symptoms of a rapidly enlarging breast mass are not only important for all clinicians to recognize and assess, but also are not uncommon occurrences. We describe a similar but unique case that developed into an enormous, 36 cm exophytic mass. A 51-year-old woman with history of psychiatric conditions presented for signs and symptoms of sepsis. It was determined that the source was an enormous 36 cm mass originating from the breast/chest wall. After stabilizing the patient with antibiotics, she underwent successful resection. Surgical margins were positive, and histopathology demonstrated bland spindle cells with stromal overgrowth. Together with clinical and histopathological information, the patient was diagnosed with a phyllodes tumor. Differential diagnosis of rapidly growing breast masses is discussed, which are not uncommon occurrences in clinical medicine. One etiology, phyllodes tumors, can grow into large, exophytic masses as described. Oncologic treatment is discussed, usually consisting of surgery with postoperative radiotherapy for high-risk features.
Locomotion of Nautilus

As an agent of rapid transportation, jet propulsion has no significant competitor. Although technologically it is but a latecomer, biologically jet propulsion is of great antiquity, probably having originated in the late Precambrian («700 Ma) with the advent of medusoid cnidarians and animals of similar grade.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy First, Followed by Chemoradiation and Then Surgery, in the Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) the authors began offering FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) as initial treatment for patients with high-risk LARC to target micrometastases while treating the primary tumor. The purpose of this study is to report the safety and efficacy of initial FOLFOX given before chemoradiotherapy on tumor downsizing and pathologic complete response (pathCR) in LARC. The records of patients with stage II/III rectal cancer treated at MSKCC between 2007 and 2012 were reviewed. Of approximately 300 patients with LARC treated at MSKCC, 61 received FOLFOX as initial therapy. Of these 61 patients, 57 received induction FOLFOX (median 7 cycles) followed by chemoradiation, and 4 experienced an excellent response, declined chemoradiation, and underwent total mesorectal excision (TME). Twelve of the 61 patients did not undergo TME: 9 had a complete clinical response (CCR), 1 declined despite persistent tumor, 1 declined because of comorbidities, and 1 developed metastatic disease. Among the 61 patients receiving initial FOLFOX, 22 (36%) had either a pathCR (n=13) or a CCR (n=9). Of the 49 patients who underwent TME, all had R0 resections and 23 (47%) had tumor response greater than 90%, including 13 (27%) who experienced a pathCR. Of the 28 patients who received all 8 cycles of FOLFOX, 8 experienced a pathCR (29%) and 3 a CCR (11%). No serious adverse events occurred that required a delay in treatment during FOLFOX or chemoradiation. FOLFOX and chemoradiation before planned TME results in tumor regression, a high rate of delivery of planned therapy, and a substantial rate of pathCRs, and offers a good platform for nonoperative management in select patients.
Caves and Karst of the Bahama Islands

The Bahama Islands provide the simplest setting for expression of island karst as described by the Carbonate Island Karst Model (CIKM). The rocks are carbonates of mid to late Quaternary age, relief is low, climate is stable, and tectonics non-existent. As a result, there are significant constraints in time (a few thousand years) and space (a few hectares) for cave and karst development. Despite these constraints, cave development is prolific, and caves of large size are common across the entire archipelago. The Bahamas demonstrate the complex interaction between deposition and dissolution, with syndepositional caves forming as the carbonates they are in are still being deposited in immediately adjacent areas. Despite all the time and spatial constraints, the cave variety and morphology is complex and well represents the special ground-water flow conditions and geochemistry that exist within the fresh-water lens. The Bahamas were the site of origin for both the flank margin cave model, and the subsequent CIKM, as the conditions present allowed establishment of the fundamental theoretical controls of cave and karst development in coastal settings.
Hydroxylation of (-)-β-Pinene and (-)-α-Pinene by a Cytochrome P-450 System from Hyssop (Hyssopus Officinalis)

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) produces an essential oil containing the saturated bicyclic monoterpene ketones pinocamphone and isopinocamphone, with lesser amounts of myrtenol derivatives. A microsomal preparation from leaf epidermis oil glands of this species converts the parent olefin (-)-β -pinene to the allylic alcohol (+)-trans-pinocarveol that presumably gives rise to (-)-pinocamphone and (-)-isopinocamphone by subsequent oxidation and two stereochemical alternatives for reduction of the conjugated double bond. The same preparation catalyzes the hydroxylation of (-)-α-pinene to (-)-myrtenol at a slower rate. The pinene hydroxylase from the oil glands Hyssop has characteristics of a distinct cytochrome P-450 species, yet shares properties with other monoterpene olefin P-450 hydroxylases from the oil glands of several essential oil-producing plants. These results with pinane-type monoterpenes extend the observation that parent cyclic olefins are metabolized by a pathway involving allylic oxidation and conjugate reduction.
Drohende Genitalverstümmelung in Eritrea als möglicher Asylgrund

95% Wahrscheinlichkeit, einer Genitalverstummelung ausgesetzt zu werden, reichen fur eine «vernunftbegabte Person», um sich zu furchten (VwGH, 23.09.2009, Zl. 2007/01/0284).
Attitudes of Palestinian medical students on the geopolitical barriers to accessing hospitals for clinical training: a qualitative study

The movement of Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territories is restricted by bureaucratic and physical obstacles. To date, no studies have examined the barriers that Palestinian medical students face in accessing hospitals for clinical training. The objectives of this study were to characterize these barriers and understand how they affect Palestinian students’ medical education and quality of life. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 4th-6th year medical students from Al-Quds University to participate in focus group discussions. A total of 36 students participated in the discussions. Transcripts of the discussions were coded to identify major themes. Palestinian medical students expressed facing numerous challenges during their clinical training. Students emphasized the difficulties of obtaining permits to train at Jerusalem hospitals, including arbitrary permit rejections and long wait times. Significant delays, searches, and mistreatment at checkpoints during their commute to hospitals were particularly burdensome. The majority of students who participated in the focus groups felt that their education and quality of life had been strongly negatively affected by their experience trying to access hospital training sites. Our findings suggest that medical students living and studying in the occupied Palestinian territories receive sub-optimal training due to ambiguous permit rules, barriers at checkpoints, and the psychological burden of the process. These results highlight the impact that military occupation has on the education and quality of life of Palestinian medical students in a setting in which there is regular violence and many health indicators are already poor.
Modeling Translation

Machine translation (MT) has been a challenging application of natural language processing technologies for many years. However, recent major improvements in translation accuracy have led to instances such as Web-based services that almost instantly translate any text into different languages or business-to-business services for high-quality translation of domain-specific documents. This article covers the foundation of recent MT systems and introduces translation as a mathematical process. It also focuses on how an MT system automatically learns to translate using samples of translated texts and how it renders output by combining acquired knowledge.
Looking for Evolving Growth Rates and Cycles in British Industrial Production, 1700-1913

SUMMARY An alternative analysis of an index of British industrial production for the years 1700-1913 is provided. The focus of attention is the components structure of this time series. Specifically, evidence of evolving growth rates and cycles is sought. The methodology employed is the standard autoregressive integrated moving average model building approach. In contrast with previous findings based on an alternative methodology, we find strong evidence against the hypothesis of evolving growth rates and little support for cycles of any substance.
Ab Initio Calculation of the Rotational Spectrum of CH5+ and CD5+

The highly flexible CH5+ molecular ion has been shown by ab initio calculations to have 120 symmetrically equivalent minima of Cs symmetry in its ground electronic state. Each minimum has the structure of a hydrogen molecule bound to the apex of a CH3+ pyramid, with the hydrogen molecule approximately perpendicular to the C3 axis. Complete proton rearrangement, making all minima accessible to each other, is possible as a result of two large-amplitude internal motions: an internal rotation about the C3 axis with an ab initio barrier of 30 cm-1 and an internal flip motion with an ab initio barrier of 300 cm-1 that exchanges protons between the H2 and CH3+ groups. We calculate the structure of the J = 2 ← 1, and 1 ← 0 rotational transitions for CH5+ and CD5+. The calculation proceeds in two stages. The first stage involves calculating rotation−torsion energies, and the second stage involves a matrix diagonalization to include the flip tunneling. In the first stage the rotation−torsion energies are calculate...
Differentiation-dependent expression and localization of the class B type I scavenger receptor in intestine

The current study used the human Caco-2 cell line and mouse intestine to explore the topology of expression of the class B type I scavenger receptor (SR-BI) in intestinal cells. Results showed that intestinal cells expressed only the SR-BI isoform with little or no expression of the SR-BII variant. The expression of SR-BI in Caco-2 cells is differentiation dependent, with little or no expression in preconfluent undifferentiated cells. Analysis of Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwell porous membranes revealed the presence of SR-BI on both the apical and basolateral cell surface. Immunoblot analysis of mouse intestinal cell extracts demonstrated a gradation of SR-BI expression along the gastrocolic axis of the intestine, with the highest level of expression in the proximal intestine and decreasing to minimal expression levels in the distal intestine. Immunofluorescence studies with SR-BI-specific antibodies also confirmed this expression pattern. Importantly, the immunofluorescence studies also revealed that SR-BI immunoreactivity was most intense in the apical membrane of the brush border in the duodenum. The crypt cells did not show any reactivity with SR-BI antibodies. The localization of SR-BI in the jejunum was found to be different from that observed in the duodenum. SR-BI was present on both apical and basolateral surfaces of the jejunum villus. Localization of SR-BI in the ileum was also different, with little SR-BI detectable on either apical or basolateral membranes. Taken together, these results suggest that SR-BI has the potential to serve several functions in the intestine. The localization of SR-BI on the apical surface of the proximal intestine is consistent with the hypothesis of its possible role in dietary cholesterol absorption, whereas SR-BI present on the basolateral surface of the distal intestine suggests its possible involvement in intestinal lipoprotein uptake.
Screening of Hepatitis B,Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS among Personnel Concerning Foreign Affairs

[Objective]To understand the incidence of Hepatitis B,sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS among personnel concerning foreign affairs so as to control the further spread of these diseases.[Methods]Information about infectious diseases incidence and AIDS screening were analyzed statistically.[Results]Totally 978 people who concerned foreign affairs were examined during 2005—2008,among which 966 were foreigners,12 were Chinese.509(52.04%)were male,469(47.96%)were female,the ratio of male to female was 1:1.09.Hepatitis B virus carrier rate was 3.68%,the incidence was 1.74%;the incidence of syphilis was 0.51 %,2 were detected HIV positive.[Conclusion]It is necessary to perform health examination on personnel concerning foreign affairs,health examination and management should be enhanced in future.Public security departments and health departments should further strengthen cooperation to early discover the source of infection or to block the spread of AIDS.
Hyperspectral analysis approach to prioritizing vital sign signals for medical data

When medical data are collected there are many Vital Sign Signals (VSSs) that can be used for data analysis. From a hyperspectral imaging perspective, we can consider a patient with different vital sign signals as a pixel vector in hyperspectral image and each vital sign signal as a particular band. In light of this interpretation this paper develops two new concepts of prioritization of VSSs. One is Orthogonal Subspace Projection Residual (OSPR), which measures the residual of a VSS in the orthogonal complement subspace to the space linearly spanned by the remaining VSSs. Another is to construct a histogram for each of VSSs that can be used as a means of ranking VSSs according to a certain criterion for optimality. Several measures are proposed to be used as criteria for VSS prioritization, which are variance, entropy and Kullbak-Leibler (KL) information measure. VSS prioritization can then be used as the VSS selection method to form Logistic Regression model (LRM). In order to determine how many VSSs should be used a recently developed concept, called Virtual Dimensionality (VD) can be used for this purpose. To demonstrate the utility of VSS prioritization, data collected in University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Shock Trauma Center (STC) was used for experiments.
Pitting Corrosion and Fatigue Crack Nucleation

To assess two proposed criteria for the transition from pitting to cracking, corrosion fatigue crack nucleation experiments were conducted on open-hole specimens of 2024-T3 (bare) alloy in a 0.5M NaCI solution at room temperature at different loading frequencies, in conjunction with coordinated studies of pitting corrosion and corrosion fatigue crack growth (CFCG). The proposed criteria are: (1) the stress intensity factor ΔK for an equivalent crack (by modeling the pit as a semi-elliptical surface crack) equaled or exceeded the threshold stress intensity factor (ΔK t h ) for CFCG, and (2) the time-based CFCG rate exceeded the pit growth rate. The nucleation of fatigue cracks was found to be associated with large corrosion pits. The size of the crack-nucleating pits was larger at the lower frequencies. This frequency dependence reflects the competition between pitting and CFCG. Validation of the proposed criteria in terms of the experimental data is presented and discussed.
Non-Pumped Wells in Backfilled Trenches versus Permeable Reactive Barriers for Containing and Treating Contaminated Groundwater

A flow and mass transport model simulated two low-energy groundwater remediation strategies: 1) a permeable reactive barrier and 2) non-pumped wells with filter cartridges in a backfilled trench. B...
Error free WDM transmission of 8/spl times/10 Gbit/s over km of LEAF/sup TM/ optical fiber

The performance of a novel non-zero dispersion-shifted large effective area fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is described. Error-free transmission for 8×10 Gbit/s in the red band and 4×10 Gbit/s in the blue band over 450 km (5×90 km) is achieved. No four-wave mixing components were observed due to the large effective area of LEAFTM fiber.
Familial Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia(CLL): The Mayo Clinic Experience.

Abstract Background : Over the last decade, increasing numbers of families with at least 2 cases of CLL or other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders have been described. Methods : Families seen at Mayo Clinic with at least one individual diagnosed with CLL and one or more first or second degree relative diagnosed with CLL or a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder(LPD) were identified. Clinical characteristics and risk stratification test results (cytogenetic abnormalities by FISH, level of CD38 expression, and IgVH gene mutation status) were extracted and reviewed. Serum, intracellular and CLL B cell secreted levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic cytokines (VEGF, BFGF, and TSP) were also compared between cases of familial and sporadic CLL. Results : Seventy-one families seen at Mayo Clinic were identified meeting criteria for familial CLL. Of the 71 index CLL families, 78.9% (n=56) had at least one other first or second-degree relative with CLL or a B cell LPD, 15.5% (n=11) had 2 other affected members, and 5.6% (n=4) had 3 or more affected members. Of affected family members with B-cell LPDs other than CLL, 64% (n=25) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 21% (n=8) had Hodgkin disease, 10% (n=4) had multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and 5% (n=2) had another lymphoid leukemia (1 ALL, 1 hairy cell leukemia). The median age was 62, with 63% males and 37% females. The majority of individuals had an early Rai stage at diagnosis (stage 0–66%, stage I-19%). Results of cytogenetic testing by FISH, CD38 status, IgVH gene mutation status appear similar in familial and sporadic CLL cases seen at Mayo clinic during the same time interval. No clear pattern of IgVH gene mutation status, IgVH gene family usage, level of CD38 expression, or cytogenetic abnormalities by FISH was seen among multiple affected members from the same family. There were also no significant differences noted in serum, intracellular, and CLL B cell secreted levels of VEGF, BFGF or TSP in the familial samples when compared to a cohort of non-familial samples. Conclusions : Expression of cytogenetics by FISH, immunophenotype, IgVH mutation status and levels of serum, intracellular and cytoplasmic pro- and anti-angiogenic factors(VEGF, BFGF, and TSP) were similar in individuals with familial and sporadic CLL.
Greater trochanter location measurement using a three-dimensional motion capture system during prone hip extension

[Purpose] The greater trochanter (GT) is an important structure in biomedical research, but the measurement methods require development. This study presents data from a new measurement method that does not use GT-marker-based measurement (No GT-m) in comparison with GT-marker based measurement (GT-m). [Subjects and Methods] We recruited 20 healthy subjects, who were asked to perform and maintain a prone position and then move to the prone hip extension. A motion capture system collected the kinematic data and the location of the GT was calculated by two measurements. [Results] GT migration distance differed significantly between the two measurements and the coefficient of the variation value was lower for the No GT-m method. Thigh lengths of the No GT-m method were comparable to the original lengths. There were significant differences between the GT-m and the other methods. [Conclusions] These data suggest that the GT-m method yielded a lower precision with a smaller GT migration distance. In the comparison of thigh length, the No GT-m method was in close agreement with the original length. We suggest that determining the location of the GT using the No GT-m has greater accuracy than the GT-m method.
The influence of oblique-angle forced exercise in surgically destabilized stifle joints is synergistic with bone, but antagonistic with cartilage in an ovine model of osteoarthritis

Large animal models of osteoarthritis are a necessary testing ground for FDA approval of human medicine applications. Sheep models have advantages over other available large animals, but development and progression of osteoarthritis in sheep is exceedingly slow, which handicaps progress in development of potential treatments. We combined oblique angle forced exercise to increase stress on the stifle, with surgical destabilization to hasten the development of osteoarthritis in ewes. Methods for early detection of clinical signs included radiography, urine, and serum biomarker assays and gait analysis and ex vivo we used microcomputed tomography and macroscopic joint analysis. Our model was able to produce clinically detectable signs of osteoarthritis in a relatively short period (14 weeks). Changes in bone were highly correlated between microcomputed tomography and radiographic analysis and changes in cartilage correlated well between urinary glycosaminoglycan levels and serum aggrecanase analyses. Exercise improved the negative effects of destabilization in bone but exacerbated the negative effects of destabilization in cartilage. These observations suggest that we may need to consider treatments for bone and cartilage separately. These results represent an improved large animal model of osteoarthritis with rapid onset of disease and superior detection of bone and soft tissue changes.
Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Assistance in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used in clinical practice as a guide during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Prior to stent implantation, OCT can provide accurate measurements of the minimal lumen area, the distal and proximal reference areas, and lesion length. OCT is particularly useful during challenging procedures, such as calcified lesions, bifurcation, and unprotected left main PCI. In calcified lesions, OCT allows measurements of calcification size, thickness and depth and its precise location within the lesion, which might help select an appropriate atheroablation technique. In bifurcation PCI, OCT can help assess main vessel and side branch stenosis before and after stenting, select appropriate treatment strategy, and evaluate the effects of side branch treatment. Three-dimensional OCT reconstruction of bifurcation lesions provides a unique opportunity to assess the true morphology of the main and side vessel. A recent pilot trial demonstrated the safety and feasibility of frequency-domain OCT for unprotected left main PCI. Compared to IVUS, OCT provided a similar assessment of lumen and stent dimensions but was more sensitive in detecting malapposition and edge dissections. Finally, OCT imaging before stenting can provide patient risk stratification for periprocedural myocardial infarction, since OCT-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma and evidence of plaque rupture have been associated with elevation of post-PCI myocardial necrosis markers.
Entrepreneurial orientation in a hostile and turbulent environment: risk and innovativeness among successful Russian entrepreneurs

Applying the construct of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) we test the relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurial risk taking and innovativeness. Risk taking is measured as an entrepreneurial propensity as well as a behaviour. Innovativeness is manifested in decisions for strategic growth, specifically strategies of vertical integration and horizontal diversification. The study context is the turbulent and hostile environment of Russia, focusing on 158 successful entrepreneurs and their firms, and extending the EO construct beyond the more positive set of circumstances as found in developed economies. Results show that both operationalisations of risk are significantly related to firm innovativeness, and are generally counter-intuitive to what might be found in a more stable environment of developed economies like the USA and Western Europe.
Experimental Demonstration of Elastic RF-Optical Networking (ERON) for 5G mm-wave Systems

This paper experimentally demonstrates an elastic RF-Optical C-RAN based on mm-wave MIMO systems. An RF-Optical SBVT in the CO generates 1-GBd signals which are elastically assigned (in time and frequency) by the C-RAN controller to multiple remote antenna units.
Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory: Energy level diagrams and crystal field spectra of transition metal ions

A variety of selection rules derived from quantum mechanics governs the intensity of the various types of absorption phenomena . – – The rules can be bent when ions get together . G. R. Rossman, Rev. Mineral , 18, 214 (1988) Introduction In the previous chapter it was shown how electrostatic fields produced by anions or negative ends of dipolar ligands belonging to coordination sites in a crystal structure split the 3d orbitals of a transition metal ion into two or more energy levels. The magnitude of these energy separations, or crystal field splittings, depend on the valence of the transition metal ion and the symmetry, type and distances of ligands surrounding the cation. The statement was made in 2.8 that separations between the 3 d orbital energy levels may be evaluated from measurements of absorption spectra in the visible to near-infrared region. The origins of such crystal field spectra, also termed d – d spectra and optical spectra, are described in this chapter. Later chapters focus on measurements and applications of crystal field spectra of transition metal-bearing minerals. Units in absorption spectra When light is passed through a compound or mineral containing a transition metal ion, it is found that certain wavelengths are absorbed, often leading to coloured transmitted light. One cause of such absorption of light is the excitation of electrons between the split 3 d orbital energy levels. Measurements of the intensity of light incident on and transmitted through the transition metalbearing phase produces data for plotting an absorption spectrum.
REACTIONS OF METAL-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

Reactions involving the ammoniated electron are reviewed and interpreted in terms of kinetics and mechanism. The reaction of molecular hydrogen with the amide ion is shown to be a useful source of the ammoniated electron for effecting chemical reductions. The mechanism of the reaction of protonic acids with metal-ammonia solutions is discussed, and it is pointed out that there are discrepancies in the reported rate constants. Reactions of metal-ammonia solutions involving electron addition and bond cleavage are discussed systematically, and profitable areas of future research are pointed out.
Dopamine and Memory

A variety of memory systems are regulated by dopamine in the brain. Most of the forebrain’s dopaminergic innervation arises from midbrain regions, specifically the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra, that comprise the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine systems, respectively, and dopamine’s role in memory appears to derive largely from its influences on the function of the respective structures receiving dopamine inputs. Dopamine projections to the ventral striatum appear to serve as a critical reward-prediction error signal that then modulates plasticity in the structure, altering future motivated behavior. Dopamine projections to the prefrontal cortex regulate cognitive abilities and working memory through modulation of neuronal activity during task performance. Finally, studies strongly suggest that dopamine inputs to a number of structures, including the amygdala and hippocampus, modulate the consolidation of memories across numerous types of learning.