cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on the natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

We have studied certain aspects of the natural history of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus in placebo-treated patients followed prospectively over one year as part of a therapeutic drug trial. Observations on the incidence of ocular complications relating to the efficacy of oral acyclovir in this disease have been previously published (1,2). This report provides supplemental observations on the natural history of frequently observed ocular complications of zoster ophthalmicus: corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, anterior uveitis, and post herpetic neuralgia. These ocular complications of zoster typically present within the first two weeks of the diagnosis. This report characterizes the onset of corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and anterior uveitis as well as interrelationships amongst these sequellae of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Post-herpetic neuralgia occurs in 52% of patients and persists beyond a year in 22% of...
Sadomasochism and the defense against recall of painful affect.

Defense against recall of painful affect is proposed as a significant element in the complex entity of neurotic sadomasochism and symptom formation. This formulation requires that the fantasy of reversibility ― what happened can be undone ― be analyzed in the transference and predict, for the patient, a painful feeling of loss and rage
Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey

The premotor cortex (area 6) has several architectonic sectors that can be delineated on the basis of cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic features. Area 6 may be broadly subdivided into a dorsal and a ventral sector at the spur of the arcuate sulcus. Dorsal 6 lacks a granular layer IV, but ventral 6 has an emergent layer IV that separates laminae III and V. Dorsal 6 has a higher myelin content than ventral 6. Dorsal area 6 is further subdivided into a caudal and a rostral sector on the basis of the presence of large pyramidal cells in the caudal but not in the rostral sector. The rostral sector of area 6 can be subdivided into a medial region distinguished from a more laterally situated area by the presence of more compact and darkly stained cells in layers III and V. Ventral area 6 can be subdivided into an upper and lower division. The upper part has more prominent pyramidal cells in layers III and V, and a better developed outer Baillarger band and vertical plexus than the lower division. The efferent and afferent connections of area 6 were studied with anterograde and retrograde tracers. The frontal connections of dorsal area 6 are restricted to neighboring dorsal frontal regions. Only the caudal sector of dorsal area 6 is connected with the motor cortex. In contrast, ventral area 6 is not only connected with the prefrontal cortex, but also directly with the motor cortex, the parainsular gustatory area, and with somatosensory areas in the frontal operculum. The widespread connections of ventral area 6 may be related to the specialization of the head, neck, and face structures that are represented ventrally within the premotor cortex.
RIN1 Is an ABL Tyrosine Kinase Activator and a Regulator of Epithelial-Cell Adhesion and Migration

Summary Background: ABL tyrosine kinases control actin remodeling in development and in response to environmental stimuli. These changes affect cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell-cell contact. Little is known, however, about upstream mechanisms regulating ABL protein activation. Results: We report that the RAS effector RIN1 is an activator of ABL tyrosine kinases. RIN1 expression in fibroblasts promotes the formation of membrane spikes; similar effects have been reported for ABL overexpression. RIN1 binds to the ABL SH3 and SH2 domains, and these interactions stimulate ABL2 catalytic activity. This leads to increased phosphorylation of CRK and CRKL, inhibiting these cytoskeletal regulators by promoting intramolecular over intermolecular associations. Activated RAS participates in a stable RAS-RIN1-ABL2 complex and stimulates the tyrosine kinase-activation function of RIN1. Deletion of the RAS binding domain (RBD) strongly stimulated the ABL2 activation function of RIN1, suggesting that RAS activation results from the relief of RIN1 autoinhibition. The ABL binding domain of RIN1 (RIN1-ABD) increased the activity of ABL2 immune complexes and purified RIN1-ABD-stimulated ABL2 kinase activity toward CRK. Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) from Rin1 −/− mice showed accelerated cell adhesion and increased motility in comparison to wild-type cells. Knockdown of RIN1 in epithelial-cell lines blocked the induction of CRKL phosphorylation, confirming that RIN1 normally functions as an inhibitor of cell motility. Conclusions: RIN1 is a directly binding ABL tyrosine kinase activator in cells as well as in a defined-component assay. In response to environmental changes, this novel signal pathway mediates actin remodeling associated with adhesion and migration of epithelial cells.
Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney

Abstract A compilation of the reported cases of cancer in horseshoe kidney from 1895 to 1975 is presented along with a comparison of the incidence of the various types of tumor involved from 1895 to 1966 and 1966 to 1975. An additional case of hypernephroma is added to the literature for a total of 111 cases reported to date. The increased incidence of both carcinoma of the renal pelvis and nephroblastoma is discussed.
Deforestation of “Degraded” Rangelands: The Argentine Chaco Enters the Next Stage of the Anthropocene

Twenty years ago I completed my master’s work in the Chaco forests of northern Argentina. The na- tive forests are, in fact, rangelands. In addition to livestock grazing, there is timber extraction, wild- life harvest (think tegu lizard cowboy boots), and charcoal production. I took part in a project comparing biodiversity among production systems. A new system promised to reverse biodiversity loss and soil degradation. But it’s a moot point now, since much of that forest has been cleared for crop- land—the highest rate of tropical forest loss in the world. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v36i4_bestelmeyer
Automated multiple enzyme analysis systems.

Publisher Summary Automated multiple enzyme analysis systems are applicable to continuous monitoring of column chromatography effluents and effluents from zonal and other centrifugations. Also, these systems are appropriate for the determination of a large number of enzyme activities in individual samples. Several automated multiple enzyme analysis systems are described in the chapter. Two modes of operation of autoanalysis systems are—the slaved sampler mode, and the programmed multichannel valve (PMCV) mode. These two modes differ in the method of delivering the substrates in sequence. Numerous applications of the slaved sampler mode and the PMCV mode are apparent. One of the more useful applications of autoanalysis is the monitoring of column chromatograms. Continuous monitoring of a chromatogram is performed by periodically sampling an aliquot of the column effluent. Also, enzyme analysis of various tissues and subcellular fractions can be readily performed by an automated multiple enzyme analysis system. Other applications of these two automated modes include the continuous monitoring of zonal centrifugations, the discontinuous monitoring of density gradient centrifugations, and the determination of selected enzyme kinetic parameters.
The management of changing types in an object-oriented database

We examine the problem of type evolution in an object-oriented database environment. Type definitions are persistent objects in the database and as such may be modified and shared. The effects of changing a type extend to objects of the type and to programs that use objects of the type. We propose a solution to the problem through an extension of the semantic data model.A change in the interface defined by a type may result in errors when programs use new or old objects of the type. Through the use of an abstraction of the type over time, timestamping and error handling mechanisms provide support for the type designer in creating compatible versions of the type. The mechanisms are incorporated into the behavior defined by the type and are inherited via the type-lattice.
C-12H3D rovibrational intensities and the Jovian D/H ratio

A tabulation is given of line intensities for the nu(2) band of CH3D which have absolute accuracies of + or - 3 percent. Using these intensities, some of the previous Jovian D/H determinations are reinterpreted.
Stability and performance of packet-based feedback control over a Markov channel

This paper examines a packet-based control strategy to improve the stability and performance of a networked control system with transmission losses that follow a stochastic 2-state Markov model. Typically, in a discrete time network control framework, a single control value is transmitted during each sample period. In a packet-based environment, however, there is no penalty for sending additional information in each transmission up to the fixed minimum packet size. When an accurate model of the plant dynamics is available, estimated control values can be included in each packet and applied when transmission delays are longer than the sample period or dropouts occur. The effects of data losses are analyzed using a discrete dynamics switched system framework. When the network transmits data successfully, standard closed loop dynamics exist using the latest feedback measurements. When packets are dropped, an alternate open loop set of dynamics are active. These dynamics incorporate the estimated control values that are applied when information is lost or delayed. Using analysis tools for stochastic stability of Markov jump linear systems, network operating conditions can be identified for given plant dynamics that ensure second moment stability (SMS) for zero, TV, or infinitely many estimated control values per packet. Additionally, a bounded real lemma for stochastic switched system H/sub /spl infin// norms enables comparison of the expected disturbance to output performance for different numbers of control estimates. Analysis and experiments using an inverted pendulum show that this system obtains the greatest incremental stability and performance benefit from the first estimated control value.
Robotic surgery: review of the latest advances, risks, and outcomes

Using differing levels of evidence, we developed criteria to critically review 21 scientifically peer-reviewed articles on robot-assisted surgeries in various medical fields. The advantages and limitations of robotic systems are discussed and compared with traditional surgical methods. Since training in the use of robotic skills is essential, various training models are discussed to teach the complex skills necessary for robotic surgery. There is a paucity of control studies on a sufficient number of subjects in robot-assisted surgeries in all fields. Studies that meet more stringent clinical trials criteria show that robot-assisted surgery appears comparable to traditional surgery in terms of feasibility and outcomes but that costs associated with robot-assisted surgery are higher because of longer operating times and expense of equipment. While a limited number of studies on the da Vinci robotic system have proven the benefit of this approach in regard to patient outcomes, including significantly reduced blood loss, lower percentage of postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stays, there are mechanical and institutional risks that must be more fully addressed. In addition, trials are needed to identify simulators for learners that can enhance the da Vinci performance in order to shorten the learning curve.
Tier 2 Team Processes and Decision-Making in a Comprehensive Three-Tiered Model:

Three-tiered models of academic and behavioral support are being increasingly adopted across the nation, and with that adoption has come an increasing message that designing and implementing effect...
ADAMTS1 and MMP1 proteolytically engage EGF-like ligands in an osteolytic signaling cascade for bone metastasis.

Bone metastasis is mediated by complex interactions between tumor cells and resident stromal cells in the bone microenvironment. The functions of metalloproteinases in organ-specific metastasis remain poorly defined despite their well-appreciated role in matrix degradation and tumor invasion. Here, we show a mechanism whereby two distinct metalloproteinases, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), orchestrate a paracrine signaling cascade to modulate the bone microenvironment in favor of osteoclastogenesis and bone metastasis. Proteolytic release of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors, including Amphiregulin (AREG), heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) from tumor cells suppress the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblasts and subsequently potentiate osteoclast differentiation. EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors block osteolytic bone metastasis by targeting EGFR signaling in bone stromal cells. Furthermore, elevated MMP1 and ADAMTS1 expression is associated with increased risk of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. This study established MMP1 and ADAMTS1 in tumor cells, as well as EGFR signaling in osteoblasts, as promising therapeutic targets for inhibiting bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Histogram-based subband powerwarping and spectral averaging for robust speech recognition under matched and multistyle training

This paper describes a new algorithm that increases the robustness of speech recognition systems by matching the power histograms of the input in each frequency band to those obtained over clean training data, and then mixing together the processed and unprocessed spectra. Before calculating prototype histograms over the training data, the power signals in each channel are normalized by the local maximum and minimum of the channel. In contrast, histograms calculated over the testing data are normalized by the global maximum and minimum of the power spectrum. This mode of normalization leads to a significant reduction in noise. Following the histogram-based processing, it is shown that taking a weighted average between the processed and unprocessed power spectra contributes to further gains in recognition accuracy. Results are obtained for multiple speech recognition systems, noise types, and training conditions illustrating the broad utility of this approach.
Deployment and the Use of Mental Health Services among U.S. Army Wives

Background Military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have involved the frequent and extended deployment of military personnel, many of whom are married. The effect of deployment on mental health in military spouses is largely unstudied. Methods We examined electronic medical-record data for outpatient care received between 2003 and 2006 by 250,626 wives of active-duty U.S. Army soldiers. After adjustment for the sociodemographic characteristics and the mental health history of the wives, as well as the number of deployments of the personnel, we compared mental health diagnoses according to the number of months of deployment in Operation Iraqi Freedom in the Iraq–Kuwait region and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan during the same period. Results The deployment of spouses and the length of deployment were associated with mental health diagnoses. In adjusted analyses, as compared with wives of personnel who were not deployed, women whose husbands were deployed for 1 to 11 months received more diagnoses of depressive disorders (27.4 excess cases per 1000 women; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.4 to 32.3), sleep disorders (11.6 excess cases per 1000; 95% CI, 8.3 to 14.8), anxiety (15.7 excess cases per 1000; 95% CI, 11.8 to 19.6), and acute stress reaction and adjustment disorders (12.0 excess cases per 1000; 95% CI, 8.6 to 15.4). Deployment for more than 11 months was associated with 39.3 excess cases of depressive disorders (95% CI, 33.2 to 45.4), 23.5 excess cases of sleep disorders (95% CI, 19.4 to 27.6), 18.7 excess cases of anxiety (95% CI, 13.9 to 23.5), and 16.4 excess cases of acute stress reaction and adjustment disorders (95% CI, 12.2 to 20.6). Conclusions Prolonged deployment was associated with more mental health diagnoses among U.S. Army wives, and these findings may have relevance for prevention and treatment efforts.
L 1 adaptive controller for systems in the presence of unmodelled actuator dynamics

This paper presents an adaptive control methodology for a class of systems in the presence of unknown time- varying parameters, time-varying disturbances and unmodeled actuator dynamics. The adaptive controller ensures uniformly bounded transient and asymptotic tracking for system's both signals, input and output, simultaneously. The performance bounds can be systematically improved by increasing the speed of adaptation.
The near-term risk of climate uncertainty among the U.S. states

This article describes a study employing a risk-assessment methodology for evaluating uncertain future climatic conditions. To understand the implications of uncertainty on risk and to provide a near-term rationale for policy interventions, the study estimated the impacts from responses to climate change on U.S. state- and national-level economic activity. The study used results of the climate-model CMIP3 dataset developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report to 1) estimate a proxy for representing climate uncertainty over the next 40 years, 2) map the simulated weather from the climate models hydrologically to the county level to determine the physical consequences on economic activity at the state level, and 3) perform a detailed, economy-wide, 70-industry analysis of economic impacts among the interdependent lower-48 states for the years 2010 through 2050. The analysis determined the interacting industry-level effects, employment impacts at the state level, interstate population migration, consequences to personal income, and ramifications for the U.S. trade balance. When compared to a baseline economic forecast, the calculations produced an average risk of damage of $1 trillion to the U.S. economy from climate change over the next 40 years, with losses in employment equivalent to nearly 7 million full-time jobs. Added uncertainty would increase the estimated risk.
Decentralized geolocation and optimal path planning using limited UAVs

A decentralized estimation architecture for determining an object's absolute position from relative position measurements, commonly called geolocation, is developed in this paper. Relative measurements are obtained from a two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) team with electronic support measure (ESM) sensors on board. One team combines their time of arrival (TOA) measurements forming one time difference of arrival measurement (TDOA) from an emitter's signal. Using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), pseudorange equations containing UAV positions and emitter position estimates are sequentially estimated to solve for absolute emitter positions. When N UAV teams are available, a decentralized EKF architecture is derived to optimally fuse estimates from N filters at the global fusion node. In addition, optimal trajectories for two UAVs are developed to minimize the covariance position errors. Weights are placed on the UAV motions, so minimum and maximum distances to the emitting object are restricted.
Is it influenza or anthrax? A decision analytic approach to the treatment of patients with influenza-like illnesses.

Abstract Study objective We analyze the risks and benefits of alternative treatment strategies for non–septic-appearing febrile patients with influenza-like illnesses and possible exposure to anthrax. Methods We used a decision analytic model to evaluate 6 testing and treatment strategies in an emergency department. Patients were non–septic-appearing and had influenza-like illnesses but low likelihood of exposure to anthrax. The following interventions were used: (1) no empiric antibiotics; (2) blood culture and treatment only if the result was positive; (3) rapid testing for influenza and, for those who tested negative, treatment with 60 days of ciprofloxacin; (4) a two-test strategy in which all patients were first tested for influenza; those who tested negative had a blood culture test and were treated empirically with ciprofloxacin for 3 days while waiting for blood culture results; (5) culture test for all patients and treatment with ciprofloxacin for up to 3 days while waiting for blood culture results; and (6) treatment of all patients with ciprofloxacin empirically for 60 days. Main outcome measures were deaths, complications from anthrax, adverse events from ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin patient-days. Results For nonzero probabilities of anthrax, patient mortality was always lowest in the strategies in which all patients were treated empirically for anthrax either for 60 days or for 3 days pending blood culture results. These strategies, however, were associated with more morbidity (more ciprofloxacin patient-days and more antibiotic adverse events) than were strategies without empiric treatment. The numbers of adverse events and antibiotic patient-days were reduced substantially with the two-test strategy, in which patients with influenza were identified early and not treated. In general, for probabilities of anthrax equaling or exceeding 2%, treating all patients empirically for 60 days was best, but for probabilities between 0.1% and 2%, the sensitivity of blood culture for anthrax determined the optimal strategy: when the sensitivity exceeded 95%, a short course of empiric ciprofloxacin until blood culture results became available was best, but for sensitivities below 95%, more aggressive empiric antibiotics use was warranted. The proportion of patients with influenza in the community affected the choice of strategy, so that seasonal variation exists. Conclusion During influenza season, our findings support rapid testing for influenza, followed by empiric treatment for anthrax pending blood culture results for those who test negative for influenza. Our results help to highlight the importance of developing rapid and sensitive tests for anthrax and of developing improved surveillance and methods to calculate the previous probability of attacks.
Effects of a Major U.S. Hurricane on Mental Health Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescent and Young Adult Females

Abstract Objective This study examines the effects of Hurricane Ike-related damage, job loss, injury, and mortality of friends and family on mental health symptoms among affected young women and adolescents. Methods Data from a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of 2,536 young women aged 16–24 years affected by Hurricane Ike was examined. Poisson regression estimated the effect of types of hurricane-related damage, job loss, injury, and mortality of family or friends on depressive and hurricane-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Results Nearly half (46.3%) of the respondents suffered damage, and 13% lost jobs as a result of Ike. Hurricane-related damage, job loss, injury to self, and injury to and mortality of friends or family were associated with increased Ike-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Damage and job loss were also associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conclusion Accessible mental health services and plans to reduce job loss among adolescents and those they depend on for income are needed in areas affected by hurricanes to help mitigate psychological consequences among low-income young women.
Carbon-Degrading Enzyme Activities Stimulated by Increased Nutrient Availability in Arctic Tundra Soils

Climate-induced warming of the Arctic tundra is expected to increase nutrient availability to soil microbes, which in turn may accelerate soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. We increased nutrient availability via fertilization to investigate the microbial response via soil enzyme activities. Specifically, we measured potential activities of seven enzymes at four temperatures in three soil profiles (organic, organic/mineral interface, and mineral) from untreated native soils and from soils which had been fertilized with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) since 1989 (23 years) and 2006 (six years). Fertilized plots within the 1989 site received annual additions of 10 g N⋅m-2⋅year-1 and 5 g P⋅m-2⋅year-1. Within the 2006 site, two fertilizer regimes were established – one in which plots received 5 g N⋅m-2⋅year-1 and 2.5 g P⋅m-2⋅year-1 and one in which plots received 10 g N⋅m-2⋅year-1 and 5 g P⋅m-2⋅year-1. The fertilization treatments increased activities of enzymes hydrolyzing carbon (C)-rich compounds but decreased phosphatase activities, especially in the organic soils. Activities of two enzymes that degrade N-rich compounds were not affected by the fertilization treatments. The fertilization treatments increased ratios of enzyme activities degrading C-rich compounds to those for N-rich compounds or phosphate, which could lead to changes in SOM chemistry over the long term and to losses of soil C. Accelerated SOM decomposition caused by increased nutrient availability could significantly offset predicted increased C fixation via stimulated net primary productivity in Arctic tundra ecosystems.
Host specificity of a biotype of the fire ant decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera: Phoridae) from northern Argentina

We tested the host specificity of Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier from Formosa, Argentina, on North American colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, and the native fire ants Solenopsis geminata (F.) and Solenopsis xyloni McCook. No-choice tests showed that P. curvatus hovered over and attacked all three species of fire ants. The number of pupae successfully completing development to adult flies in the trials was 5.03 ± 1.55 (mean ± SE) per female fly in S. invicta, 0.66 ± 0.24 per female fly in S. xyloni, and 0 per female fly in S. geminata. Paired preference tests showed that P. curvatus preferred to hover over S. invicta instead of S. xyloni 77 ± 3% (mean ± SE) of the time and preferred S. invicta over S. geminata 87 ± 4% of the time. The oviposition attempts of active female P. curvatus were 2.8 times higher on S. invicta than on S. xyloni and 16 times higher on S. invicta than on S. geminata. These results demonstrate that this new biotype of P. curvatus is more host specific to North American red imported fire ants than a previous biotype collected from black imported fire ants.
Advanced radioisotope power systems requirements for potential deep space missions

This paper describes future mission power requirements for missions being investigated to accomplish NASA's Solar System Exploration (SSE) theme. Many potential missions to the outer planets (Jupiter and beyond) require advanced radioisotope power systems (RPS). Technology development for Advanced RPSs is being carried out as apart of NASA's Solar System Exploration Technology Program. The power levels for future planetary deep space science missions are broken down into the following four classes: milliwatt-class (40 to 100 milliwatt) that could provide both thermal and electric power for Mars weather stations; one to two-watt class for small in situ surface science laboratories and for aerobot atmospheric science laboratories for bodies in the solar system; ten to twenty-watt class for micro satellites in orbit, surface science stations and aerobots; and one hundred to three hundred watt-class to power orbiter science spacecraft, to power drills to obtain core samples of outer planet bodies, for powering subsurface hydrobots and cryobots on accessible bodies and for data handling and communicating data from small orbiters, surface laboratories, aerobots and hydrobots back to Earth. Advanced RPSs in the one hundred-watt class are also favored over solar power for obtaining comet samples on extended-duration comet missions.
Good Intentions and Fearsome Prejudice: New York's 1876 Act to Prevent and Punish Wrongs to Children

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, there was a major effort in the United States to remove child performers from professional stages. The campaign began in New York State with the passage of An Act to Prevent and Punish Wrongs to Children (1876), prohibiting children from a variety of performance venues, and subsequently grew into a nationwide crusade. The movement was spearheaded by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) and its leader, Elbridge T. Gerry. The intense response of the theatre industry resulted in a protracted political struggle.
Biomaterialien in der Sportmedizin – Anwendungen bei Knorpel-, Knochen-, und Bandverletzungen

Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren gab es insbesondere bei den Biomaterialien im Bereich der Sportmedizin Fortschritte zu verzeichnen, die einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Therapien von Knorpel-, Knochen-, und Bandverletzungen genommen haben. Insbesondere die Weiterentwicklung in der Zellular- und Molekularbiologie schaffte die Grundlage fur die raschen Verbesserungen der Biomaterialien der nachsten Generation. So wird insbesondere der Nachahmung der extrazellularen Matrix des zu reparierenden Gewebes eine grose Rolle beigemessen, da diese einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die dynamischen zellularen Vorgange in der Geweberegeneration hat. Dieser Artikel versucht einen Uberblick uber die vorhandenen Therapieoptionen in der Sportmedizin zu geben, die moderne Biomaterialien verwenden.
Overview of the TREC 2014 Clinical Decision Support Track

Abstract : In making clinical decisions, physicians often seek out information about how to best care for their patients. Information relevant to a physician can be related to a variety of clinical tasks such as determining a patient s most likely diagnosis given a list of symptoms, deciding on the most effective treatment plan for a patient having a known condition, and determining if a particular test is indicated for a given situation. In some cases, physicians can find the information they seek in published biomedical literature. However, given the volume of the existing literature and the rapid pace at which new research is published, locating the most relevant and timely information for a particular clinical need can be a daunting and time-consuming task. To make biomedical information more accessible and to meet the requirements for the meaningful use of electronic health records, a goal of modern clinical decision support systems is to anticipate the needs of physicians by linking electronic health records with information relevant for patient care. The Clinical Decision Support Track aims to simulate the requirements of such systems and to encourage the creation of tools and resources necessary for their implementation. The focus of the 2014 track was the retrieval of biomedical articles relevant for answering generic clinical questions about medical records. In the absence of a reusable, de-identified collection of medical records, we used short case reports, such as those published in biomedical articles, as idealized representations of actual medical records. A case report typically describes a challenging medical case, and it is often organized as a well-formed narrative summarizing the portions of a patient s medical record that are pertinent to the case. Participants of the track were challenged with retrieving, for a given case report, full-text biomedical articles relevant for answering questions related to several types of clinical information needs.
Optimal Wireless Power Transfer to Systems in an Enclosed Resonant Cavity

This letter describes the development and implementation of an impedance-matching (IM) method for achieving optimal power transfer efficiencies (PTE’s) in cavity resonator wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. Specifically, we develop a bandpass filter (BPF) circuit model and utilize network analysis to predict and realize maximum achievable PTE to miniature systems enclosed within a hollow metallic cylindrical cavity excited in ${\rm TM}_{010}$ resonant mode. Measured PTE results are demonstrated matching closely with the developed theory and circuit simulations. We achieve a peak PTE of 33% to a 5-mm-diameter receive coil that occupies a volume that is $5.23 \times {10^6}$ times smaller than the volume of the cylindrical cavity. Our achieved PTE is 4 times larger than the PTE achieved to a system with no optimal IM network but only a single resonant capacitor connected in series with the receive coil. The model and results presented illustrate our optimal design methodology for realizing maximum achievable PTE in cavity resonator WPT systems.
An Ultra-Low NOx Combustion System for a 3.5 MW Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper presents the results obtained from a 1/8 th scale rich-quench-lean (RQL) combustor designed for ultra-low NOx operation running at Allison 501-K engine simulated full and part load conditions. The goal of the test program was to demonstrate the capability of the combustor to limit oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions to less than 10 ppmv and provide simultaneous control of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to below 50 ppmv, both corrected to 15% oxygen. The tests were conducted on a refractory-lined bench scale combustor developed originally to support the advanced coal fired gas turbine program which is sponsored in part by the Department of Energy (DoE) Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). Measurements were made of NOx and CO emissions from natural gas (NG) and distillate fuel number 2 (DF#2) with water injection at simulated full and part power operation over a range of rich, quench and lean zone temperatures. The results show that the NOx goals of the test program were met and that CO emissions could be further controlled to less than 10 ppmvd on both fuels. The thermodynamic constraints of the system, the airflow splits and water injection rate requirements are discussed together with the combustor general design parameters. Estimates are also made for the required steam injection rate to produce the same NOx and CO emission levels.Copyright © 1990 by ASME
Update on the Massive Transfusion Guidelines on Hemorrhagic Shock: After the Wars

Over the past decade, crystalloid- and red blood cell-dominated massive resuscitation practices have largely been replaced with high-ratio transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells (RBCs) in massively bleeding trauma patients. Literature from military and civilian experiences with massive transfusion (MT) was reviewed, beginning with military transfusion practices at the onset of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and continuing through to present day. Early and balanced resuscitation (1:1:1 ratio of plasma, platelets, and RBCs) is superior to crystalloid- or red blood cell-driven resuscitation. Military research from Afghanistan and Iraq stimulated civilian investigations into ratio-based MT. 1:1:1 resuscitation carries the most benefit for massively bleeding trauma patients. Thrombelastography-guided MT can be used to supplement empiric 1:1:1 therapy in order to detect and address specific coagulopathies. Future directions in MT research presently include resuscitation with fresh whole blood and pre-hospital plasma-based resuscitation.
Study of 6-DOF Cable Robots for Potential Application of HIL Microgravity Contact-Dynamics Simulation

[Abstract] This paper first presents a concept of using a 6-DOF cable robot for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) dynamic simulation of microgravity contact-dynamics behavior of a space system such as a spacecraft or robot. It then addresses three basic problems of the cable robot in order to verify that the cable robot can meet the most critical requirements of such an HIL contact-dynamics simulator. The first problem is whether the dynamic motion of the end-effector being fully controllable under the constraint that all the cables must be in tension during a contact operation, i.e., under what condition the inverse dynamics problem has an all-positive force solution. A systematic method of checking force-closure condition is proposed. The second problem is to make sure that the cable robot can have sufficiently large workspace to simulate the motion of the space system. The force-closure workspace is determined using the systematic method of checking force-closure. The third problem is whether the potential vibration arising from the cable flexibility is acceptable for the intended simulation application. The study results of all the three problems support the feasibility of using such a cable robot for HIL simulation of contact-dynamics.
Comparison and observation of microbiological test results in air in hospital by different culture media

Objective:To explore a simple and practical detection method by comparing the microbiological test results in air in the hospital.Methods:One culture medium with ordinary nutrient agar plate and the other with blood agar plate were used to detect the microorganisms in the air in the hospital,and the results were used to be a comparative analysis.Results:By using the culture medium with ordinary nutrient agar plate,the overall overproof rate of total amount of bacteria was 15.32%,and Staphylcoccus aureus and Hemolysis streptococcus were not found.By using blood agar plate,the overproof rate was 13.25%,and three strains of Staphylcoccus aureus and one strain of Hemolysis streptococcus were found.The overproof of amount of bacteria between the two culture mediums have no statistical significance(χ2=0.68,P0.05),while the ones of pathogenic bacteria have statistical significance(χ2=4.02,P0.05).The inspection of pathogenic bacteria of the latter culture medium was better than the former.There was no statistical significant diffence in the average number of the bacteria(from 0~1 cfu/plate to 7 cfu/plate) on the both culture mediums(P0.05).Conclusion:The way of using the culture medium with blood agar to detect the microorganisms in the air in in the hospital is better than ordinary nutrient agar plate,especially for detecting the pathogenic bacteria.
Patient risk stratification with time-varying parameters: a multitask learning approach

The proliferation of electronic health records (EHRs) frames opportunities for using machine learning to build models that help healthcare providers improve patient outcomes. However, building useful risk stratification models presents many technical challenges including the large number of factors (both intrinsic and extrinsic) influencing a patient's risk of an adverse outcome and the inherent evolution of that risk over time. We address these challenges in the context of learning a risk stratification model for predicting which patients are at risk of acquiring a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We take a novel data-centric approach, leveraging the contents of EHRs from nearly 50,000 hospital admissions. We show how, by adapting techniques from multitask learning, we can learn models for patient risk stratification with unprecedented classification performance. Our model, based on thousands of variables, both time-varying and time-invariant, changes over the course of a patient admission. Applied to a held out set of approximately 25,000 patient admissions, we achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.84). The model has been integrated into the health record system at a large hospital in the US, and can be used to produce daily risk estimates for each inpatient. While more complex than traditional risk stratification methods, the widespread development and use of such data-driven models could ultimately enable cost-effective, targeted prevention strategies that lead to better patient outcomes.
Chapter 13 Autophagy Pathways in Glioblastoma

Abstract Glioma cells are more likely to respond to therapy through autophagy than through apoptosis. The most efficacious cytotoxic drugs employed in glioma therapy, such as temozolomide and rapamycin, induce autophagy. Oncolytic adenoviruses, which will soon be tested in patients with gliomas at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, also induce autophagy. Autophagy in gliomas thus represents a promising mechanism that may lead to new glioma therapies. In this chapter, we present the methods for studying autophagy in glioma cells, including assessment of in vitro cellular markers acidic vesicle organelles, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 punctation; biochemical markers LC3-I/II conversion, p62 degradation, Atg12–Atg5 accumulation, and p70S6K dephosphorylation; and ultrastucture of the autophagosomes. In addition, we will address how LC3B and Atg5 up-regulation during autophagy can be examined through immunostaining in treated tumors and the potential of these proteins for use as surrogate markers to monitor therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of studying autophagy in gliomas and the future directions of such use.
Diagnosing nonlinearities in the local and remote responses to partial Amazon deforestation

Using a set of fully-coupled climate model simulations, the response to partial deforestation over the Amazon due to agricultural expansion has been analyzed. Three variations of 50% deforestation (all of western half, all of eastern half, and half of each grid box) were compared with total deforestation to determine the degree and character of non-linearity of the climate response to partial deforestation. A metric is developed to quantify the degree and distribution of non-linearity in the response, applicable to any variable. The metric also quantifies whether the response is saturating or accelerating, meaning either significantly more or less than 50% of the simulated response to total deforestation is attained at 50% deforestation. The spatial structure of the atmospheric response to Amazon deforestation reveals large areas across the tropics that exhibit a significant non-linear component, particularly for temperature and geopotential height. Over the domain between 45°S-45°N across all longitudes, 50% deforestation generally provides less than half of the total response to deforestation over oceans, indicating the marine portion of climate system is somewhat resilient to progressive deforestation. However, over continents there are both accelerating and saturating responses to 50% Amazon deforestation, and the response is different depending on whether the eastern or western half of Amazonia is deforested, or half of the forest is removed uniformly across the region.
Heat-affected zone oxidation properties in AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel welds

High temperature corrosion of ferritic stainless steel weldments has not previously been studied. This paper is an attempt to standardize a method for assessing the oxidation properties of the heat...
The Post-Prandial Musings of A Historian Who has been working in the Ottoman Archives: Presidential Address November 21, 1975

Thank you, Professor Bodman. I should like to add my thanks also to Professor Adele Ferdows and her Committee, to the University of Louisville, for their thoughtful local arrangements, and to Professor Bodman and his Program Committee for their good work.
Least cost search algorithm for the identification of a DNAPL source

The overall objective of this work is to develop, test and evaluate a computer assisted analysis algorithm to help the groundwater professional identify, at least cost, the location of a DNAPL source. The DNAPL source location is generally too small to identify via borings or geophysical methods. On the other hand, the plume emanating from a DNAPL source is typically quite large and easily discovered. The algorithm presented here defines how to achieve an acceptable level of source-location accuracy with the least possible number of water quality samples. The overall strategy includes the construction of a stochastic groundwater flow and transport model assuming a number of potential locations of the DNAPL source. Each location is associated with an initial weight that reflects our confidence that it is the true source location. This is done using a Choquet integral. The hydraulic conductivity is considered the main source of uncertainty, other than the source location, and the Latin hypercube sampling strategy is used to obtain the hydraulic conductivity field. Using the hydraulic conductivity field and the uncertain source location weights as input to the groundwater flow and transport simulator, the concentration random field and its associated uncertainty is calculated. An optimal sampling point is selected using a method that combines the minimization of the total field variance and the proximity to the potential source locations. A Kalman filter is used to update the simulated concentration field using the real data and the updated plume is compared to the individual plumes (that are calculated using the groundwater flow and transport simulator considering only one source at a time) using a method that involves representing the normalized concentrations as fuzzy sets and comparing several of their α-cuts. The comparison provides new weights for each potential source location that are used as input to the groundwater flow and transport model and the above steps are repeated until the weights stabilize and the optimal source location is found. The algorithm has been successfully tested using synthetic example problems that include homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers, a pumping well, multiple true DNAPL sources, two dimensional and three dimensional problems. A field application is considered as another test of the proposed algorithm.
Networking towards (in)equality: Women entrepreneurs in technology

Deploying a multidimensional framework focusing on individual, organizational and societal factors, we investigate gendering practices through which women entrepreneurs become disadvantaged in the technology sector. Through qualitative fieldwork, we focus on women entrepreneurs' experiences networking to access valuable entrepreneurial resources and examine the role of technology incubators and accelerators in facilitating this access. These organizations have the potential to mitigate gender inequities by adopting genderâ€ aware practices such as increasing access to networks and resources that might otherwise be unreachable for women technology entrepreneurs. Focusing simultaneously on the complex intersections of networking, organizational practices at incubators and accelerators, and institutionalized gender norms in society, we outline how different gendering practices work separately and in tandem to marginalize women technology entrepreneurs. We observe that these organizations engage in â€˜gender neutralâ€™ recruitment practices and promote transactional networking which result in the replication rather than eradication of gender inequality. Moreover, organizational attempts to address â€˜gender issuesâ€™ as they relate to technology entrepreneurs reâ€ inscribe rather than disrupt societal gender norms. Our research offers new insights for understanding the interrelated individual, organizational and societal factors contributing to gender inequality in technology entrepreneurship and provokes discussion on the possibilities for social change.