cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loop corrections and naturalness in a chiral effective field theory

Abstract The loop expansion is applied to a chiral effective hadronic Lagrangian; with the techniques of Infrared Regularization, it is possible to separate out the short-range contributions and to write them as local products of fields that are already present in our Lagrangian. (The appropriate field variables must be re-defined at each order in loops.) The corresponding parameters implicitly include short-range effects to all orders in the interaction, so these effects need not be calculated explicitly. The remaining (long-range) contributions that must be calculated are nonlocal and resemble those in conventional nuclear-structure calculations. Nonlinear isoscalar scalar ( σ ) and vector ( ω ) meson interactions are included, which incorporate many-nucleon forces and nucleon substructure. Calculations are carried out at the two-loop level to illustrate these techniques at finite nuclear densities and to verify that the coupling parameters remain natural when fitted to the empirical properties of equilibrium nuclear matter. Contributions from the ωN tensor coupling are also discussed.
Borderline personality-bipolar spectrum relationship.

Abstract Background The relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorders, especially bipolar-II disorder (BP-II), is unclear. Several reviews on the topic have come to opposite conclusions, i.e., that BPD is a bipolar spectrum disorder or instead that it is unrelated to bipolar disorders. Study aim was to find which items of BPD were related to BP-II, and which instead had no relationship with BP-II. Methods Study setting: An outpatient psychiatry private practice, more representative of mood disorders usually seen in clinical practice in Italy. Interviewer: A senior clinical and mood disorder research psychiatrist. Patient population: A consecutive sample of 138 BP-II and 71 major depressive disorder (MDD) remitted outpatients. Assessment instruments: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinician Version (SCID-CV) was used for diagnosing, the SCID-II Personality Questionnaire was used by patients to self-assess borderline personality traits. Interview methods: Patients were interviewed with the SCID-CV to diagnose BP-II and MDD. The questions of the Personality Questionnaire relative to borderline personality were self-assessed by patients. As clinically significant distress or impairment of functioning was not assessed by the questionnaire, a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder could not be made, but borderline personality traits (BPT) could be assessed (i.e., all DSM-IV BPD items but not the impairment criterion). Results BPT items were significantly more common in BP-II versus MDD. The best combination of sensitivity and specificity for predicting BP-II was found by using a cutoff number of BPT items ≥ 5: specificity was 71.4%, sensitivity was 45.9%. BPT (defined by ≥ 5 items) was present in 29.5% of MDD and in 46.3% of BP-II ( p = 0.019). Logistic regression of BP-II versus BPT items number found a significant association. Principal component factor analysis of BPT items found two orthogonal factors: “affective instability” including unstable mood, unstable interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image, chronic emptiness, and anger, and “impulsivity” including impulsivity, suicidal behavior, avoidance of abandonment, and paranoid ideation. “Affective instability” was associated with BP-II ( p = 0.010), but “impulsivity” was not associated with BP-II ( p = 0.193). Interitem correlation was low. There was no significant correlation between the two factors. Discussion Study findings suggest that DSM-IV BPD may mix two sets of unrelated items: an affective instability dimension related to BP-II, and an impulsivity dimension not related to BP-II, which may explain the opposite conclusions of several reviews. A subtyping of BPD according to these dimensions is supported by the study findings.
Supine Craniospinal Irradiation Using Intrafractional Junction Shifts and Field-in-Field Dose Shaping: Early Experience at Methodist Hospital

Purpose To describe our preliminary experience with supine craniospinal irradiation. The advantages of the supine position for craniospinal irradiation include patient comfort, easier access to maintain an airway for anesthesia, and reduced variability of the head tilt in the face mask. Methods and Materials The cranial fields were treated with near lateral fields and a table angle to match their divergence to the superior edge of the spinal field. The collimator was rotated to match the divergence from the superior spinal field. The spinal fields were treated using a source to surface distance (SSD) technique with the couch top at 100 cm. When a second spinal field was required, the table and collimator were rotated 90° to allow for the use of the multileaf collimator and so the gantry could be rotated to match the divergence of the superior spinal field. The multileaf collimator was used for daily dynamic featherings and field-in-field dose control. Results With a median follow-up of 20.2 months, five documented failures and no cases of radiation myelitis occurred in 23 consecutive patients. No failures occurred in the junctions of the spine–spine or brain–spine fields. Two failures occurred in the primary site alone, two in the spinal axis alone, and one primary site failure plus distant metastasis. The median time to recurrence was 17 months. Conclusion The results of our study have shown that supine approach for delivering craniospinal irradiation is not associated with increased relapses at the field junctions. To date, no cases of radiation myelitis have developed.
Biochemical abnormalities during renal insufficiency.

Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium and phosphorus are predominantly localized in bone, but both elements occur in the cell,8 phosphorus being particularly important. Inorganic phosphate is the chief an...
Rescue Fantasies in Child Therapy: Countertransference/Transference Enactments

When the focus of the child treatment is on the therapist being a “good” object, this can accentuate a possible countertransference difficulty of the therapist becoming the protector of the child from the “bad” object. This countertransference can often resonate with rescue fantasies in the child. This paper will explore the topic of rescue fantasies in child treatment, while addressing the issue of coinciding fantasies existing unconsciously in both the therapist and child, leading to their enactment. A case of a nine-year old boy is presented which demonstrates how interpretation and resolution of rescue fantasies can lead to a deepening of the treatment.
An Integrated Approach to Online Monitoring of Fouling in Coal-Fired Power Plants

A pulverized coal boiler (PCB) is designed to generate steam at high temperature and pressure in order to produce electricity via the turbine/generator assembly. Energy for steam production is deri...
Adolescent heroin use: a review of the descriptive and treatment literature.

The prevalence of heroin use is rising among young people. We reviewed descriptive and treatment studies of heroin-using youth. Medline and Psychinfo were searched with the following kewords: heroin or opiate; and adolescent or young or juvenile. Nine articles describing treatment and five articles describing clinical characteristics of youth with heroin use were reviewed. Descriptive studies of heroin-using youth demonstrate substantial polysubstance use and psychiatric comorbidity. The largest treatment study found that, of four different treatment modalities, methadone maintenance had the highest retention rate. For youth who stayed in treatment for at least 6 months, therapeutic communities or drug-free treatment resulted in better outcomes compared with methadone maintenance. No controlled treatment trials were found. Length of time in treatment, regardless of modality, was the best predictor of outcome. The rise of heroin use among adolescents and young adults calls for descriptive studies as well as controlled treatment studies.
Analytical models for an automated storage and retrieval system with multiple in-the-aisle pick positions

An automated storage and retrieval system with multiple in-the-aisle pick positions (MIAPP-AS/RS) is a case-level order fulfillment technology that enables order picking via multiple pick positions (outputs) located in the aisle. This article develops expected travel time models for different operating policies and different physical configurations. These models can be used to analyze MIAPP-AS/RS throughput performance during peak and non-peak hours. Moreover, closed-form approximations are derived for the case of an infinite number of pick positions, which enable the optimal shape configuration that minimizes expected travel times to be derived. The expected travel time models are compared with a simulation model of a discrete rack, and the results validate that the proposed models provide good estimates. Finally, a numerical experiment is conducted to illustrate the trade-offs between performance of operating policies and design configurations. It is found that MIAPP-AS/RS with a dual picking floor and ...
Suckling reinitiated milk secretion in beef cows after an early postpartum hiatus of milking or suckling.

Abstract We determined whether milk secretion in beef cows could be reinitiated by renewed suckling after a hiatus from milking or suckling. Fifty-three Angus × Hereford cows were suckled ad libitum by their own calves for 13 to 18 d postpartum and then assigned to treatments for 4 wk in which cows were 1) neither milked nor suckled (weaned; n = 18), 2) milked 2× daily (milked; n = 18), or 3) suckled by their own calves (suckled; n = 17). Thereafter, all calves (including earlier weaned calves) suckled their own dams until permanent weaning at 203 d of age, except when their dams were milked once after receiving (i.m.) 40 IU of oxytocin at reinitiation of suckling (0 wk) and again 1 and 5 wk later. Prolactin was increased in milked and suckled cows during 20 min after milking or suckling at the termination of treatments (0 wk). Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I were greater for weaned than suckled cows; milked cows had intermediate concentrations. At 0 wk, milk yield was greater for suckled than milked or weaned treatment cows. After 1 wk of renewed suckling, milk secretion of weaned treatment cows increased, and by 5 wk, composition of milk was normal, but yield was still reduced. We concluded that milk secretion was renewed by suckling in early postpartum cows after they were neither suckled nor milked for 4 wk.
Simultaneous dual-wavelength laser operation at 1342 and 946nm in two laser crystals and their sum-frequency mixing

Abstract A sum-frequency yellow–green laser at 554.9 nm is reported by this paper, 946 nm wavelength is obtained from 4 F 3/2 – 4 I 9/2 transition in Nd:YAG and 1342 nm wavelength is obtained from 4 F 3/2 – 4 I 13/2 transition in Nd:YVO 4 . Using a doubly folded-cavity type-II critical phase matching KTP crystal intra cavity to make 946 nm laser from Nd:YAG and 1342 nm laser from Nd:YVO 4 frequency summed, with incident pumped power of 30 W in Nd:YAG and 20 W in Nd:YVO 4 , TEM 00 mode yellow–green laser at 554.9 nm at 1.15 W is obtained and its M 2 factor is less than 1.22. The experimental results show that the Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO 4 crystals intra-cavity sum-frequency mixing is an effective method for yellow–green laser and it can be applied to other two laser crystals to obtain more all-solid-state lasers with different wavelengths.
Response to Intervention Preparation for Preservice Teachers: What Is the Status for Midwest Institutions of Higher Education.

In this study, the authors represent an exploratory investigation of current preparation of preservice teachers related to response to intervention (RTI) in institutions of higher education (IHEs) ...
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in activated microglia of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalitis

The role of neurotrophic factors and their therapeutic potential have been investigated in various neurodegenerative disorders. In neurodegeneration associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neuronal function and survival may be affected by abnormal neurotrophic regulation involving HIV-infected microglia and reactive astrocytes. To characterize the cellular localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, trkB, proteins in HIV-1 encephalitis, we examined post-mortem brains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and brains from non-HIV-infected controls. Using double immunofluorescent confocal microscopy, we found that BDNF immunoreactivity was distributed in neocortical neuronal perikarya and neuritic processes, while in the striatum only neurites were BDNF-immunoreactive. Additionally, the striatum with HIV infection was characterized by BDNF immunoreactivity in infiltrating activated microglia/macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Catalytic trkB receptor immunoreactivity was observed in neuronal perikarya in the neocortex and striatum, as well as in reactive astrocytes within HIV-infected regions. Our findings suggest that expression of BDNF by activated microglia in HIV-1 encephalitis may affect neuronal survival and astroglial response through corresponding trkB receptors.
A synthesis of DDT

A method is described for preparing a good grade of DDT in a satisfactory yield by the use of chlorosulfonic acid as a condensing agent.
Matching Judicial Supervision to Clients’ Risk Status in Drug Court

This article reports outcomes from a program of experimental research evaluating the risk principle in drug courts. Prior studies revealed that participants who were high risk and had (a) antisocial personality disorder or (b) a prior history of drug abuse treatment performed better in drug court when scheduled to attend biweekly judicial status hearings in court. In contrast, participants who were low risk performed equivalently regardless of the court hearings schedule. This study prospectively matches drug court clients to the optimal schedule of court hearings based on an assessment of their risk status and compares outcomes to clients randomly assigned to the standard hearings schedule. Results confirmed that participants who were high risk and matched to biweekly hearings had better during-treatment outcomes than participants assigned to status hearings as usual. These findings provide confirmation of the risk principle in drug courts and yield practical information for enhancing the efficacy and cost-efficiency of drug courts.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence based calcium detection: Greater than 100-fold increase in signal/noise using Fluo-3 or Fluo-4 and silver nanostructures

Abstract In this paper we describe metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of the Ca 2+ indicators: Fluo-3 and Fluo-4 in close proximity to silver nano-particles, SiFs. When the concentration of Ca 2+ increases, the MEF enhancement factor decreases, which is consistent with our previous findings that the greatest fluorescence enhancements occur for fluorophores with the lowest free-space quantum yield. Over 100-fold enhanced fluorescence intensities (signal/noise) were observed. In addition, the photostability of the fluorophore (Fluo-3) is much more prolonged from the SIFs as compared to glass (a control sample). Our findings strongly suggest the widespread use and the general approach of nanoparticulate SiFs surfaces for the enhanced detection of both intra and extra-cellular calcium and indeed other analytes of interest.
Assembly of Acanthamoeba Myosin-II Minifilaments. Model of Anti-parallel Dimers Based on EM and X-ray Diffraction of 2D and 3D Crystals

Current models suggest that the first step in the assembly of Acanthamoeba myosin-II is anti-parallel dimerization of the coiled-coil tails with an overlap of 15 nm. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments showed that a construct containing the last 15 heptads and the non-helical tailpiece of the myosin-II tail (15T) forms dimers. To examine the structure of the 15T dimer, we grew 3D and 2D crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction and electron image analysis, respectively. For both conditions, crystals formed in related space and plane groups with similar unit cells (a=87.7 A, b=64.8 A, c=114.9 A, beta=108.0 degrees). Inspection of the X-ray diffraction pattern and molecular replacement analysis revealed the orientation of the coiled-coils in the unit cell. A 3D density map at 15A in-plane resolution derived from a tilt series of electron micrographs established the solvent content of the 3D crystals (75%, v/v), placed the coiled-coil molecules at the approximate translation in the unit cell, and revealed the symmetry relationships between molecules. On the basis of the low-resolution 3D structure, biochemical constraints, and X-ray diffraction data, we propose a model for myosin interactions in the anti-parallel dimer of coiled-coils that guide the first step of myosin-II assembly.
The influence of parental support among incarcerated adolescent offenders: the moderating effects of self-control

According to the general theory of crime, parents play a prominent role in the development of self-control among their children. However, the evidence regarding the effects of parenting on antisocial behavior beyond the acquisition of self-control is equivocal, perhaps because of how parenting has been conceptualized. Also, there is contradictory evidence regarding the moderating effect of self-control on the relationship between parenting and antisocial behavior. The current analysis addresses these issues by exploring the interrelationships between parental support, impulse control, and consideration of others among an incarcerated sample of adolescents. Findings indicate that the relationship between parental support and antisocial behavior remains after controlling for self-control. Additionally, parental support is more influential in reducing antisocial behavior among those low in impulse control but less influential in affecting those who are low in consideration of others.
A fixed sequence Bonferroni procedure for testing multiple endpoints

A method for controlling the familywise error rate combining the Bonferroni adjustment and fixed testing sequence procedures is proposed. This procedure allots Type I error like the Bonferroni adjustment, but allows the Type I error to accumulate whenever a null hypothesis is rejected. In this manner, power for hypotheses tested later in a prespecified order will be increased. The order of the hypothesis tests needs to be prespecified as in a fixed sequence testing procedure, but unlike the fixed sequence testing procedure all hypotheses can always be tested, allowing for an a priori method of concluding a difference in the various endpoints. An application will be in clinical trials in which mortality is a concern, but it is expected that power to distinguish a difference in mortality will be low. If the effect on mortality is larger than anticipated, this method allows a test with a prespecified method of controlling the Type I error rate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FROM THE TRENCHES: WHAT HATH BUSH WROUGHT FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWYER IN PRIVATE PRACTICE? OR MUCH CAN-DO ABOUT NOTHING

President Bush has managed to undo most of the modest gains [the Clinton Administration] made with almost no effort. Within months of taking office, he had scuttled new standards for arsenic in drinking water, pulled out of the Kyoto treaty on global warming, and rejected stricter fuel-efficiency standards. Since then, his Administration has expedited the permit-granting process for power companies, enabled logging companies to build new roads in national forests, and sought to open the Alas­ kan wilderness to oil exploration?
Synthesizing sponsorships: Toward a lens of composite sponsorship on social network sites

This paper examines corporations as institutional sponsors of writing for non-employees, demonstrating the shaping or teaching of writing to consumers through corporate writing contests as they currently appear on Facebook. It specifically focuses on the sponsorship of writing in these networked spaces, wherein the networked compositional platform itself and the individuals and corporate entities eliciting writing co-operate as sponsors.
Phenology-Based Field Monitoring for Consperse Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Processing Tomatoes

Egg incubation and nymphal development of the consperse stink bug Euschistus conspersus Uhler were studied in laboratory growth chambers under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Eggs did not hatch at 10, 12, and 37°C, and separately placed first-instar nymphs did not survive to become adults. Egg incubation and total nymphal development times were significantly shorter at 32°C than compared with the lower temperatures. Egg incubation and total nymphal development at the fluctuating temperature fell between the two optimal constant temperatures of 27 and 32°C. Linear regression of developmental times and constant temperatures for egg incubation, first–third instar nymphal development and fourth–fifth instar nymphal development provided an estimated lower developmental threshold of 12°C for E. conspersus. This threshold was used to develop a phenology model. Field validation of the model was based on canopy shake samples and pheromone trap captures obtained from processing tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, fields. Results supported the laboratory phenology model. Field observations supported the trap’s potential as a degree-day biofix in processing tomatoes.
Radiation Regulations, Protection, and Uses

US FDA and US NRC regulations governing radiations are briefly described in this chapter. The FDA requirements of IND, exploratory IND, RDRC, expanded access IND, and NDA are briefly discussed. Accreditation of nuclear medicine facilities and personnel by appropriate agencies is mandatory for operation. Pertinent NRC regulations on radiation protection (10CFR20) and medical uses (10CFR35) are presented in some detail. Description includes principles of radiation protection based on time, distance, and shielding, radiation exposure to occupational personnel and the public, and methods of radioactive waste disposal. The regulations on the medical uses of radionuclides address the issues of training and experience of practitioners, equipment to use in the practice of nuclear medicine, monitoring of radiation exposure, release of radioactive patients, reporting of medical events, and record keeping. A section on European regulations on radiation uses is briefly outlined. Wherever necessary, examples of problems and answers are provided to illustrate a particular topic. The chapter is supported by adequate references and a set of questions at the end.
Lateral Load Analysis of Stand-off Anchor Bolt Connections Using the Load-Distribution Method

AbstractA comprehensive method was derived for the analysis of stand-off anchor bolt connections with various stand-off distances that are subjected to lateral loading. The procedure applied the load-distribution method that is commonly used for shear wall analysis in buildings, and the base plate was treated as a rigid diaphragm. The lateral load resistance provided by each anchor bolt within the anchor bolt group was calculated on the basis of its lateral stiffness, which was defined as a function of the stand-off distance. Close agreement with finite-element analysis solutions for various stand-off distance conditions was found. An irregular distribution of lateral resistive forces within the anchor bolt group was found for connections with uneven stand-off distances compared to the uniform distribution found for connections with even stand-off distances. The intensity of lateral resistive forces provided by the anchor bolts was found to be impacted by the proximity of the individual anchor bolt to the...
Optimizing Filtration and Disinfection Systems with a Risk-Based Approach

Treated wastewater effluents contain high concentrations of particles; many of these particles are large (with diameters greater than 100 μm) and consist of densely-packed bacterial cells. Microorganisms occluded in wastewater particles can be difficult to inactivate in chlorine disinfection systems, as the chlorine must first diffuse through the macro- and microscopic pore spaces prior to inactivating the occluded microorganisms. The impact of microorganisms occluded in particles is evident in disinfection, where reduced inactivation rates occur even with increasing doses of the disinfectant. Reduction of occluded microorganisms in plant effluents can be accomplished using filtration to remove the total number of particles, and disinfection to ensure that intra-particle chlorine concentrations are sufficient to inactivate the occluded microorganisms. In addition to addressing inactivation of dispersed microorganisms, treatment systems design and operation should include consideration of the removal of microorganisms in wastewater particles that may pose a health risk in post-treated waters. In this project, a systematic approach was developed to co-optimize filtration and chemical disinfection systems to collectively reduce the concentration of occluded viable microorganisms in treated effluents to acceptable levels. The optimization process was successfully applied to wastewater samples collected from seven facilities, each with different treatment trains. A range of operating conditions was identified that resulted in acceptable treatment based on particle guidelines developed using the existent regulatory framework for indicator organisms. Extension of the current approach to a pathogen basis was considered, but current data are insufficient to adopt such a procedure although preliminary results suggest that intra-particle chlorine concentrations that are sufficient to inactivate indicator organisms may not be adequate to sufficiently reduce concentrations of occluded pathogens. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series . ISBN: 9781843392804 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403496 (eBook)
Variety Drive in Consumer Behavior: Empirical Verification as a Purchase Behavior Motivator Within Some Product Categories

Psychologists have investigated many aspects of variety seeking and variety drive in different situations, but have disregarded consumer behavior in most instances. This study examines the importance of variety drive in consumer brand switGhing behavior through development and testing of hypotheses concerning the ability to predict brand switching using measures of variety drive.
Susceptibility rhythm to E. coli endotoxin and bioassay.

SummaryLight-synchronized periodicity analysis reveals a susceptibility rhythm in C mice to E. coli endotoxin. Susceptibility varies predictably and significantly along the 24-hour time scale. A dose of endotoxin which is compatible with survival of most animals when given during middle of daily dark period is highly lethal when it is given 8-12 hours earlier or later. LD50 also was determined for 2 samples from identical batch of endotoxin tested 12 h apart on separate groups of comparable C mice kept under conditions standardized for periodicity analysis: Differences in potency significant at 1% were seen at 2 dose levels common to both assays, the computed “potency ratio” being 3.22.
ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER ORBIT TRANSFER VEHICLE VOLTAGE VARIABILITY

The use of an electrodynamic tether was investigated as a boost orbit transfer vehicle. The literature is fu ll of the application of electrodynamic tether systems for boost as well as deorbit. This investigation examines some of the key issues that must be considered in the application of an electrodynamic tether to a particular size of vehicle. The key equation s are developed from the following. A bare -tether was examined so that Langmuir probe theory could be used in determining tether current. How you would fly the tether along with dynamic stability is not addressed in this investigation. The variables used in the Lorentz force equation are discussed along with possible system configuration and performance. The Earth’s magnetic flux density field (B -field) was approximated within the Lorentz force equation. An approximation of the electron density and electron temperature as a function of altitude is determined in the analysis. The Debye length was approximated for different altitudes so that it could be used in determining the type of sheath that would develop. Using the Debye length as a criterion for tether radius, the orbit -motion -limited current is determined based upon the tether radius selection. The electromotive force (emf) in series with a drive voltage approximates the bias voltage on the tether. The bare tether collects electrons. Assuming a 10 Amper e electron emitter and flexible solar array technology system analyses trade -off results are presented along with a discussion of variable voltage considerations. The performance of the system is considered from LEO to GEO orbits. The results are displayed for the thrust that could be obtained at particular altitudes. An electrodynamic tether system limited by 10 -Ampere electron emitter is considered at GEO altitudes along with the implications upon mass and power for such a system considering the correspon ding emf at that altitude. Variable Voltage considerations are discussed. Performance implications are presented.
The Influence of Low Salinity on Survival and Spawning of Elysia viridis (Montagu) (Opistobranchia, Sagoglossa)

Abstract The embryonal development and survival of adults of Elysia viridis in lowered salinities was investigated. Adults survived down to 15‰, but produced egg masses only down to 17.5‰. Embryonal development normally took 5–6 days in 30‰, but was prolonged to over 8 days in 17.5‰. The percentage of abnormally developing eggs increased in low salinities, more than 90‰ abnormal in 17.5‰. The larvae hatched in a normal way only within the range 30–20‰.
P104. A long-term clinical outcome analysis of minimally invasive cervical foraminotomy for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy

METHODS: All patients with standing whole spine radiographs were included. Any patients with thoracic spine operation were excluded. Thirtyseven patients (56% of total patients) had preoperative global sagittal imbalance 5cm. Twenty-four patients (36% of total patients) had preoperative lumbar scoliosis. Five patients (8% of total patients) had segmental kyphosis preoperatively. The optimal sagittal balance was defined as the distance from C7 plumb to superior posterior end plate of S1 2.0 cm or less. RESULTS: The preoperative lumbar lordosis angle of 32 19.5 between T12 and S1 increased to 50 15.5 at postoperative 6 weeks, and then to 48 16.0 at final follow-up. The preoperative thoracic sagittal Cobb angle of 27 17.7 between T5 and T12 increased to 37 16.7 at final followup (Average; 10 10.8 increase). Factors such as preoperative sagittal imbalance (p .34), fusion to L5 or S1 (p .98), and uppermost instrumented vertebrae (T9/10 vs. T11/12 vs. L1/2, p .29) did not demonstrate any significant differences to regional sagittal alignment. The optimal sagittal balance group demonstrated the larger average angle differences between lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis (Lumbar lordosis minus thoracic kyphosis) as of 20 13.5 (sagittal imbalance group; 3 18.0 , p .0001), larger average lumbar lordosis angle of 51 14.8 (sagittal imbalance group; 38 19.8 , p .0001), and smaller average thoracic kyphosis angle of 30 14.5 (sagittal imbalance group; 36 18.3 , p .023). The more positive sagittal global balance, the smaller differences between lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis (Lumbar lordosis minus thoracic kyphosis, r 0.557 and p .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The average increase of thoracic kyphosis following adult long lumbar/lumbosacral instrumentation and fusions to S1 until final follow-up was 10 . The ideal average angle differences between lumbar lordosis (T12-S1) and thoracic kyphosis (T5-T12) for optimal sagittal balance was 20 . Thus, the angle of lumbar lordosis during operation should be at least 30 larger than that of thoracic kyphosis for optimal sagittal balance at final follow-up. DISCLOSURES: No disclosures. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: No conflicts.
Coupled Numerical Simulation on the Flow and Temperature Fields of Molten Steel Pool in a Twin-roll Strip Caster

Based on CFD software Fluent, a three-dimensional finite-volume model was established, and flow and temperature fields in a molten steel pool of a twin-roll strip caster were simulated. The basic characteristics of flow and temperature fields were analyzed, and the effects of delivery system, outlet angle of feeding device, casting speed, and overheating and cooling conditions on the flow and temperature fields investigated for AISI304 stainless steel casting. The results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy had the maximum value of 0.0175 J/kg and temperature gap was within 20 K at the surface when the casting system combined with submerged nozzle, multi-hole feeding device, flow guiding device and distributing device was used under the conditions of feeding inlet submerging in the distributing device pool, outlet upward angle of feeding device at 15°~18° and steel casting speed 60~80 m/min. Meanwhile, over 0.6 mm solidified shell stably formed between the pool and casting roll contacting surface.
Epidemic Situation of Schistosomiasis After Transmission Blocking in Chuxiong City

Objective To study the epidemic trend in Chuxiong city of schistosomiasis after transmission blocking,and to evaluate the control effect. Methods Epidemic data of schistosomiasis in Chuxiong city during1994- 2012 were collected,and the annual change trend indicators of schistosomiasis was compared. Results After achieved the blocking standards of schistosomiasis transmission in 1993,no newly infected patients,livestock or snails were reported; the live snail density decreased from 0. 69 /0. 1 m2in 1994 to0. 0075 /0. 1 m2in 2012. However,the snails area rebounded with a range of 2. 45 – 28. 04 hm2,peaked in 2004 – 2005 and remained at 6. 17 hm2in 2012. Conclusion After achieved the blocking standard,the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis stayed stable,yet the snail situation is still severe and thus surveillance on imported infection source and control on oncomelania should be both strengthened to consolidate the achievements.
Analysis of monitoring results of drinking water in rural area of Kaihua County

Objective:To investigate the condition of drinking water in rural area of Kaihua County to provide scientific basis for safety of drinking water in rural area.Methods:The samples of drinking water in rural area were collected and analyzed during 2004~2008.Results:The total qualified rate was 22.08% and there was no significant difference in it among different years.Conclusion:The supply of drinking water in rural area should be improved to ensure its safety.
Intact feto-placental growth in microRNA-210 deficient mice.

MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) has been implicated in homeostatic adaptation during hypoxia. We hypothesized that miR-210 deficiency impacts feto-placental growth. As expected, mir-210 knockout (ko) mice exhibited markedly reduced placental miR-210 expression, compared to wild-type (wt) mice. Mating of mir-210 heterozygotes resulted in near Mendelian progeny distribution, with insignificant differences between wt and ko animals with regard to embryo or placental weight and gross morphology. Intriguingly, exposure of mice to non-severe hypoxia (O2 = 12%) between E11.5-E17.5 reduced placental miR-210 expression, with slight expression changes of some miR-210 target mRNAs. Thus, miR-210 is likely dispensable for feto-placental growth in normoxia or non-severe hypoxia.
Labour market competition and immigration attitudes in an established gateway

ABSTRACTAlthough anti-immigrant sentiment is often attributed to economic competition with foreign-born workers, research has provided contradictory results. This paper combines survey and occupation data to re-examine the relationship between immigration attitudes and labour market competition in Houston, an established immigration gateway. I analyse data from multiple waves of the Houston Area Survey and the American Community Survey, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and O*NET. Results indicate that labour market competition is associated with preferences for reducing immigration in Houston. Those working in occupations with recent increases in the number of foreign-born workers, that require less education, and that have higher rates of unemployment are more likely to prefer to reduce future legal immigration, even after controlling for perceived economic and cultural threats. These results support other research at the occupation and industry levels and suggest that labour market competition is a facto...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Produces Neuron Loss That Can Be Rescued by Modulating Microglial Activation Using a CB2 Receptor Inverse Agonist.

We have previously reported that mild TBI created by focal left-side cranial blast in mice produces widespread axonal injury, microglial activation, and a variety of functional deficits. We have also shown that these functional deficits are reduced by targeting microglia through their cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors using two-week daily administration of the CB2 inverse agonist SMM-189. CB2 inverse agonists stabilize the G-protein coupled CB2 receptor in an inactive conformation, leading to increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and thus bias activated microglia from a pro-inflammatory M1 to a pro-healing M2 state. In the present study, we showed that SMM-189 boosts nuclear pCREB levels in microglia in several brain regions by 3 days after TBI, by using pCREB/CD68 double immunofluorescent labeling. Next, to better understand the basis of motor deficits and increased fearfulness after TBI, we used unbiased stereological methods to characterize neuronal loss in cortex, striatum, and basolateral amygdala (BLA) and assessed how neuronal loss was affected by SMM-189 treatment. Our stereological neuron counts revealed a 20% reduction in cortical and 30% reduction in striatal neurons bilaterally at 2-3 months post blast, with SMM-189 yielding about 50% rescue. Loss of BLA neurons was restricted to the blast side, with 33% of Thy1+ fear-suppressing pyramidal neurons and 47% of fear-suppressing parvalbuminergic (PARV) interneurons lost, and Thy1-negative fear-promoting pyramidal neurons not significantly affected. SMM-189 yielded 50-60% rescue of Thy1+ and PARV neuron loss in BLA. Thus, fearfulness after mild TBI may result from the loss of fear-suppressing neuron types in BLA, and SMM-189 may reduce fearfulness by their rescue. Overall, our findings indicate that SMM-189 rescues damaged neurons and thereby alleviates functional deficits resulting from TBI, apparently by selectively modulating microglia to the beneficial M2 state. CB2 inverse agonists thus represent a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Long-term Quit Rates in Fax-Referred as Compared to Self-Referred Tobacco Quitline Registrants

Introduction To increase the use of quitlines for treating tobacco use and dependence, quitline referral interventions are recommended for healthcare systems and providers. Research is limited as to whether fax-referred smokers have quit outcomes similar to those of traditional self-callers to quitlines. Methods Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline registration data from March 2013 to October 2014 and 7-month follow-up data were used to compare hospital- and clinic-based fax-referred registrants ( n =537) to self-callers ( n =2,577). Contingency table chi-square tests and relative risks were used to identify differences in 30-day point prevalence abstinence at 7-month follow-up. Two-sided p -values Results Fax-referred registrants versus self-callers were significantly more likely to be older (49.4 vs 47.6 years), white (70.6% vs 59.1%), non-Hispanic (96.8% vs 94.2%), and to have smoked fewer than one pack of cigarettes per day (54.0% vs 44.9%). Self-callers versus fax-referred registrants were significantly more likely to be uninsured (36.5% vs 29.4%) and have received nicotine-replacement therapy from the Helpline (92.3% vs 79.9%). At 7-month follow-up, a similar proportion of fax-referred registrants reported not using tobacco in the past 30 days as compared to self-callers (29.3% vs 31.8%, p =0.2945). Conclusions Although differences in sociodemographics, tobacco use behavior, and Helpline services were observed between fax-referred registrants and self-callers, quit outcomes at follow-up did not differ. This observational study has important implications for tobacco control initiatives as it shows patients fax-referred by hospitals and clinics to quitlines may be as successful as self-callers in quitting smoking.
Local pragmatics in a Gricean framework, revisited: response to three commentaries

AbstractThere are two central themes that occupy the commentaries, and hence this response. The first is the character and role of what is said, both in my account, and in pragmatic theory in general. In response, I lay out in more detail the proposal from my original paper that the starting point for Gricean reasoning should be not what is said, but the pragmatically uncommitted what is expressed. As part of this argument, I restate and provide further arguments for my claim that global and local pragmatic effects are continuous. The second central theme of the commentaries concerns the value of a Gricean account, which is not intended to model the psychological processes of interpretation. I respond to this concern in Section 5, ‘Pragmatics, psychology and processing’.
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Cirrhosis in the United States: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Associated Cirrhosis in the United States: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Body Image Models among Low-income African American Mothers and Daughters in the Southeast United States

Obesity among low-income African American women has been studied using the concepts of both satisfaction and acceptance. The satisfaction frame suggests greater satisfaction with their bodies than their white counterparts, irrespective of size. The acceptance frame suggests that alternative aesthetics serve as resistance against intersectional marginalization. Yet, while these women accept their body size in defiance of thinness ideals, they may not be satisfied. We describe cultural models of body image among mothers and daughters in Alabama. We found that respectability, material consumption, and parental support were important factors determining positive body image, exceeding descriptions of physical features. We further found that those expressing greater body dissatisfaction emphasized respectability, whereas those with less dissatisfaction assigned importance to consumerism and physical form. These findings suggest divergences between biomedical messaging and lived experience. They also challenge uncritical or universalist applications of these frames when interpreting African American women's perceptions of their own bodies.
Inverter fed motor stress grading system design consideration

Voltage source, pulse width modulated (PWM) drive system finds many industrial applications such as pumps, fans, compressors and other equipment, with the benefit of both productivity improvement and greater energy efficiency. However, medium and high voltage PWM motors suffer from premature insulation ageing. Several types of ageing processes in medium and high-voltage stator windings has been identified [1], viz., partial discharge (PD) between turns, PD within the ground wall insulation, dielectric heating of the ground wall insulation and Stress Grading (SG) system degradation due to overheating. In many medium and high voltage machines, the lifetime of their insulation depends largely on the reliability of the SG system. [2] The high frequency components associated with PWM waveform imposed a significant challenge to the stress grading design as a result of increased capacitive current. [3] The current SG system, a combination of SiC based SGT and conductive armor tape performs well in the medium voltage power frequency application. The safe move to medium voltage PWM operation requires a good understanding of the SG behaviour at frequencies up to a few MHz.
“Those Who Know”: Henry James and Annie Adams Fields

Most of James’s fourteen extant letters to Annie Fields have never been published. This chapter explores the manuscripts, which help illuminate the question of James’s relationships to women, gender ideals, non-heterosexual intimacy, and period- and class-specific notions of privacy. For James, Fields is more than simply an early supporter and old friend—she is a fellow-traveler. The complex form of personal exile and public observation that we might understand as resulting from a biographical status as a non-marital or non-heterosexual adult, a status that James shares with the older Fields, is built for both upon nineteenth-century notions of privacy. These letters help us understand James’s descriptions of “queer” or unconventional womanhood, including in his 1886 novel The Bostonians, with a fuller sense of personal context.
Coping with Scientific and Technological Uncertainty: Federal Policy Analysis for Nonroutine Decisions

In the last 20 years, faced with an increasing number of decisions about complex scientific and technological issues, government has created new units and staff positions for “policy analysts.” These analysts are frequently assumed to be trained in microeconomics, organization theory and quantitative decision analysis. In fact, a majority of them are often scientists and engineers who have been thrust into the role of policy analysts; few find quantitative decision analysis procedures helpful. In the face of scientific uncertainty and short timeframes, these analysts use rich and interactive methods to search and analyze information. However, there is an absorption of uncertainty and a narrowing in the richness of communication channels as information makes its way up the hierarchy.
Horizontally and vertically transmitted oncornaviruses of cats.

Publisher Summary Two distinct groups of oncornaviruses have been found in cats: RD-114 endogenous group and the oncogenic FeLV-FeSV group. The RD-114-endogenous viruses are vertically transmitted and found in a latent unexpressed form in all cats, both healthy and neoplastic. No evidence for oncogenic activity has been found for this group. They are xenotropic. They do not replicate under normal circumstances in feline cells, but replicate efficiently in cells from other species. The FeLV-FeSV group of feline oncornaviruses provides an ideal system for the study of several questions central to cancer virology and immunology. The FeLV-FeSV group of feline viruses differs from the RD-114 group in several ways. The FeLV-FeSV group has different virus core, virus envelope, and cell membrane antigens. They replicate efficiently in most cat cells, as well as cells from most other mammalian species. The FeLV's, unlike the RD-114 group, are efficiently transmitted horizontally. Current evidence does not support a role for the vertical chromosomal transmission of the FeLV-FeSV group of viruses. Extrachromosomal vertical transmission of FeLV, as when a mother infects the unborn fetus or neonate, almost certainly occurs to some extent. This type of spread is probably not as important as horizontal transmission in the sense of virus distribution for the domestic cat population as a whole. Yet acquisition of virus at the fetal or neonatal stage probably results in a higher frequency of neoplastic disease for those infected in this manner.