cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal faults exposed in the Pito Deep Rift: Conduits for hydrothermal fluids on the southeast Pacific Rise

[1] The escarpments that bound the Pito Deep Rift (northeastern Easter microplate) expose in situ upper oceanic crust that was accreted ∼3 Ma ago at the superfast spreading (∼142 mm/a, full rate) southeast Pacific Rise (SEPR). Samples and images of these escarpments were taken during transects utilizing the human-occupied vehicle Alvin and remotely operated vehicle Jason II. The dive areas were mapped with a “deformation intensity scale” revealing that the sheeted dike complex and the base of the lavas contain approximately meter-wide fault zones surrounded by fractured “damage zones.” Fault zones are spaced several hundred meters apart, in places offset the base of the lavas, separate areas with differently oriented dikes, and are locally crosscut by (younger) dikes. Fault rocks are rich in interstitial amphibole, matrix and vein chlorite, prominent veins of quartz, and accessory grains of sulfides, oxides, and sphene. These phases form the fine-grained matrix materials for cataclasites and cements for breccias where they completely surround angular to subangular clasts of variably altered and deformed basalt. Bulk rock geochemical compositions of the fault rocks are largely governed by the abundance of quartz veins. When compositions are normalized to compensate for the excess silica, the fault rocks exhibit evidence for additional geochemical changes via hydrothermal alteration, including the loss of mobile elements and gain of some trace metals and magnesium. Microstructures and compositions suggest that the fault rocks developed over multiple increments of deformation and hydrothermal fluid flow in the subaxial environment of the SEPR; faults related to the opening of the Pito Deep Rift can be distinguished by their orientation and fault rock microstructure. Some subaxial deformation increments were likely linked with violent discharge events associated with fluid pressure fluctuations and mineral sealing within the fault zones. Other increments were linked with the influx of relatively fresh seawater. The spacing of the faults is consistent with fault localization occurring every 7000 to 14,000 years, with long-term slip rates of <3 mm/a. Once spread from the ridge axis, the faults were probably not active, and damage zones likely played a more significant role in axial flank and off-axis crustal permeability.
Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California

[1] Airborne measurements of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were taken over the rice growing region of California's Sacramento Valley in the late spring of 2010 and 2011. From these and ancillary measurements, we show that CH4 mixing ratios were higher in the planetary boundary layer above the Sacramento Valley during the rice growing season than they were before it, which we attribute to emissions from rice paddies. We derive daytime emission fluxes of CH4 between 0.6 and 2.0% of the CO2 taken up by photosynthesis on a per carbon, or mole to mole, basis. We also use a mixing model to determine an average CH4/CO2 flux ratio of −0.6% for one day early in the growing season of 2010. We conclude the CH4/CO2 flux ratio estimates from a single rice field in a previous study are representative of rice fields in the Sacramento Valley. If generally true, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) greenhouse gas inventory emission rate of 2.7 × 1010 g CH4/yr is approximately three times lower than the range of probable CH4 emissions (7.8–9.3 × 1010 g CH4/yr) from rice cultivation derived in this study. We attribute this difference to decreased burning of the residual rice crop since 1991, which leads to an increase in CH4 emissions from rice paddies in succeeding years, but which is not accounted for in the CARB inventory.
Advances in Plasma Antenna Design

Summary form only given. We have made significant progress in developing plasma antennas. Our antennas have been operating in the region 1 to 10 GHz. The basic advantages of plasma antennas over metal antennas are threefold. First, the plasma antennas are reconfigurable. When one plasma antenna is de-energized, the antenna reverts to a dielectric tube, and a second antenna can transmit through it. This allows us to use several large antennas stacked over each other instead of several small antennas placed next to each other. This results in better sensitivity and directivity. Second, the plasma antenna is stealthy. When de-energized, the plasma antenna does not reflect incident, probing RADAR signals. Third, the plasma antenna is resistant to electronic warfare. An operating plasma antenna can be at the same time transparent and immune to incident high frequency, high power electronic warfare pulses. The question is, how well do plasma antennas operate? Our tests at the Malibu Research Corporation in California have shown that an energized plasma reflector is essentially as effective as a metal reflector. However, when de-energized, the reflected signal drops by over 20 dB. Three remaining questions are, first, how to increase the operating plasma density without overloading the plasma discharge tubes? Second, how can we reduce the power required? And third, how can we reduce plasma noise caused by the ionizing power supply.
Ryanodine-Sensitive Component of Calcium Transients Evoked by Nerve Firing at Presynaptic Nerve Terminals

Whether Ca2+ released from stores within the presynaptic nerve terminals also contributes to the Ca2+ elevation evoked by action potentials was tested in intact bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Intraterminal Ca2+ transients (Delta[Ca2+]i) were evoked by electrical shocks to the presynaptic nerves at 20 Hz and were monitored by fura-2 fluorimetry. Ca2+ released through intraterminal ryanodine-sensitive channels accounted for 46% of the peak Ca2+ elevation. Moreover, in half of the terminals when intraterminal release was blocked by ryanodine, Delta[Ca2+]i reached a plateau at 200 +/- 24 nM. Because 20 Hz is a frequency favorable for the release of a neuropeptide, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from these presynaptic nerve terminals, and because the threshold level for LHRH release is 186 nM, intraterminal Ca2+ release during nerve firing is likely to play a major role in regulating LHRH release. The intraterminal ryanodine channels were facilitated by caffeine as in other tissue. The releasable ryanodine-sensitive store could elevate the intraterminal [Ca2+] by an amount as high as 1.6 microM at a rate as fast as 250 nM/sec. The store could be refilled within 100 sec after a maximal discharge of its content by 20 Hz firing. Oscillation of [Ca2+]i evoked by 20 Hz nerve firing occurred in normal Ringer solution, in ryanodine, and in caffeine with a periodicity of approximately 10 sec. Besides the facilitatory effects on the ryanodine-sensitive channels, caffeine also had inhibitory effects on Delta[Ca2+]i via its action on a different process.
Property-Owning Democracy: Rawls and Beyond

Notes on Contributors vii Acknowledgments xi Foreword xiii Joshua Cohen and Joel Rogers Introduction 1 Martin O'Neill and Thad Williamson Part One: Property-Owning Democracy: Theoretical Foundations 15 1 Justice or Legitimacy, Barricades or Public Reason? The Politics of Property-Owning Democracy 17 Simone Chambers 2 Property-Owning Democracy: A Short History 33 Ben Jackson 3 Public Justification and the Right to Private Property: Welfare Rights as Compensation for Exclusion 53 Corey Brettschneider 4 Free (and Fair) Markets without Capitalism: Political Values, Principles of Justice, and Property-Owning Democracy 75 Martin O'Neill 5 Property-Owning Democracy, Liberal Republicanism, and the Idea of an Egalitarian Ethos 101 Alan Thomas 6 Property-Owning Democracy and Republican Citizenship 129 Stuart White Part Two: Interrogating Property-Owning Democracy: Work, Gender, Political Economy 147 7 Work, Ownership, and Productive Enfranchisement 149 Nien-he Hsieh 8 Care, Gender, and Property-Owning Democracy 163 Ingrid Robeyns 9 Nurturing the Sense of Justice: The Rawlsian Argument for Democratic Corporatism 180 Waheed Hussain 10 Property-Owning Democracy or Economic Democracy? 201 David Schweickart Part Three: Toward a Practical Politics of Property-Owning Democracy: Program and Politics 223 11 Realizing Property-Owning Democracy: A 20-Year Strategy to Create an Egalitarian Distribution of Assets in the United States 225 Thad Williamson 12 The Empirical and Policy Linkage between Primary Goods, Human Capital, and Financial Capital: What Every Political Theorist Needs to Know 249 Sonia Sodha 13 The Pluralist Commonwealth and Property-Owning Democracy 266 Gar Alperovitz 14 Is Property-Owning Democracy a Politically Viable Aspiration? 287 Thad Williamson Index 307
1099 PRESENCE OF FUNCTIONING VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS IN THE FETAL KIDNEY

Since there is no direct evidence that the fetal kidney is responsive to arginine vasopressin (AVP), the effects of AVP infusion (600 μU/min/kg) were studied in 13 chronic fetal lamb preparations (106–142 days gestation). During infusion, AVP increased from a mean of 1.18±0.35 to 25.97±2.58 μU/ml (p<0.001), free water excretion (CH2O) decreased, and both osmolality (Uosm) mOsm/KgH2O and sodium excretion (UNaV) μeq/min increased. There was no change in GFR ml/min nor total renal blood flow when measured by microspheres. A significant decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) ng/ml/hr was also observed during AVP infusion. Looking at factors modulating the fetal AVP response, a positive correlation was found between Uosm and fetal age (r=0.85, p<0.001) during AVP infusion. Significant negative correlations were shown between AVP metabolic clearance rate (AVP-MCR) and both fetal age (r=-0.88, p<0.005) and Uosm (r=-0.85, p<0.01). These observations suggest the presence of functioning vasopressin receptors in fetal kidneys and that fetal AVP-MCR may modulate the fetal kidney response to AVP.
Cognition in Late Life Depression: Treatment Considerations

Late life depression (LLD) frequently presents with cognitive impairment, and growing evidence suggests that these disease processes are "linked" in multiple ways. For some individuals, LLD may be a recurrence of a long-standing depressive illness, while for others it may be the leading symptom of a developing neuropathological disorder. Overall, studies investigating the relationship between treatment of LLD and improvement in cognitive functioning have yielded mixed results. Research suggests that a subset of individuals with LLD and cognitive dysfunction will experience an improvement in cognitive function after antidepressant treatment, though a significant proportion will continue to exhibit cognitive impairment following resolution of their depressive symptoms. From a treatment standpoint, it is critical to ensure that an individual's depressive symptoms have been treated to remission, measured by a standardized rating scale such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). SSRI or SNRI monotherapy is often effective, and may be enhanced by employing an evidence-based psychotherapy such as Problem Solving Therapy (PST) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), modified to accommodate cognitive impairments that may be present. With respect to specific treatment of cognitive dysfunction, cognitive augmentation or training strategies can be helpful for some patients, and may be explored in combination with treatment of the primary depressive episode. While the introduction of a cholinesterase inhibitor (e.g. donepezil) may be considered, the potential benefit (modest improvement in cognition and functioning) must be weighed against an increased risk for worsening or recurrent depression. Finally, lifestyle factors-such as aerobic exercise, follow-up with a primary care physician for management of co-morbid medical illnesses, and regular participation in stimulating activities (such as through a senior center)-are important and should be included as part of the overall treatment plan.
Using the RCAS-TVA System to Model Human Cancer in Mice

For successful infection, avian sarcoma leukosis virus subgroup A (ASLV-A) requires its receptor, tumor virus A (TVA), to be present on the surface of target cells. This is the basis of the RCAS-TVA gene delivery system: Mammalian cells lack the gene encoding TVA and are normally resistant to infection by ASLV; however, transgenic targeting of TVA to specific cell types or tissues in the mouse renders these cells uniquely susceptible to infection by ASLV-A-based RCAS viruses. The RCAS-TVA system is a powerful tool for effectively modeling human tumors, including pancreatic, ovarian, and breast cancers, gliomas, and melanomas. RCAS viruses can deliver cDNAs (≤2.8 kb), as well as short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and other noncoding RNAs. Compared with traditional transgenic and knockout mice, the RCAS-TVA system has several strengths. First, virus delivery is generally performed postnatally and results in a relatively low infection rate of target cells; the sporadic postnatal expression of the gene of interest mimics the situation in developing human tumors. Second, a single transgenic mouse line can be used to compare the consequences of specific genes on tumor development, with viruses encoding oncogenes or shRNAs targeting specific tumor suppressor genes. TVA mouse strains can also be easily combined with transgenic, knock-in, and knockout mouse models to study cooperating genetic events.
Anesthesia for Outpatient Dermatologic Cosmetic Surgery: Midazolam–Low‐Dosage Ketamine Anesthesia

. Cardiovascular, respiratory, CNS, and post-operative effects of using low-dose ketamine and midazolam combined with local anesthesia during 40 outpatient cosmetic procedures are reviewed. This method of anesthesia is safe, effective, and well-tolerated by patients.
Conduct Problems and Symptoms of Sleep Disorders in Children

ABSTRACT Objective Conduct problems and hyperactivity are frequent among children referred for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), restless legs syndrome, or periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS), but children not referred to sleep centers have received little study. Method Parents of children aged 2 to 14 years were surveyed at two general clinics between 1998 and 2000. A Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire generated validated scores for SDB and PLMS. The Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) produced an age- and sex-adjusted Conduct Problem Index (CPI) and Hyperactivity Index. Results Parents of about 1,400 children were approached; those of 872 (62%) completed the surveys. Bullying and other specific aggressive behaviors were generally two to three times more frequent among 114 children at high risk for SDB than among the remaining children. An association between high CPI and SDB scores ( p Conclusions Conduct problems were associated with symptoms of SDB, restless legs syndrome, and PLMS. Although these results cannot prove a cause-and-effect relationship, assessment for sleep disorders may provide a new treatment opportunity for some aggressive children.
Fighting dragons with dragons: Approaches for negotiating with Chinese partners

Abstract For many American firms engaging with Chinese business partners, patterns of negotiated promises made but not kept by their Chinese counterparts often prove rule rather than exception. While various issues play a role in this unfortunate condition, many contributing factors are not subject to control or correction by U.S. negotiators. But two singularly damaging factors can be controlled and corrected by U.S. managers. First is their tendency to negotiate from decidedly Western sociocultural perspectives. Second is that managers often negotiate in states of relative ignorance about certain key cultural values that heavily influence Chinese negotiating practices. Grounded in Bing Fa , this article describes approaches designed to enable managers to negotiate more effectively with Chinese partners. By turns, the approaches instruct U.S. managers regarding why and how they should (when negotiating with Chinese counterparts): embrace the unusual as normal; begin with hard ends in mind; anticipate/prepare for conflict; never resist resistances, [instead] always retreat gracefully; disclose with discretion; act like ladies and gentlemen; and never die with bullets in [their] guns. Adopt these tactics, and U.S. managers would lessen the impact of two factors that, when present, degrade their negotiating effectiveness.
A novel animal model of alcohol consumption based on the development of extremes of ethanol preference in colony-housed but not isolated rats.

When animals are housed in an enriched social colony environment for several months with ad lib access to water and 10% ethanol solutions, marked individual differences in fluid preference develop. When subsequently tested in individual cages, some rats show a marked preference for 10% ethanol and consume little water, while others have opposite fluid preferences. When then returned to the colony, the extreme ethanol consumers are observed at the ethanol spout more than nonconsumers. This extreme variability in alcohol versus water preference does not develop in rats housed in individual cages, suggesting a new animal model for voluntary ethanol intake based on social factors.
Effects of surface roughness on advancing and receding contact angles

Abstract The ability of liquid drops to advance and recede over a solid surface of varying surface energy and roughness, including drugs compacted into disks, has been investigated by measuring advancing and receding contact angles. For the relatively non-polar solids used in this study, roughness of the type encountered in pharmaceutical systems produces significant contact angle hysteresis by primarily affecting the receding angle. Despite the apparent random nature of the surface roughness of compacted disks, it is concluded that the concentric groove model by Shuttleworth and Bailey (Disc. Faraday Soc., 3 (1948) 16) best describes the effect of roughness qualitatively. In view of the relatively small effect of such roughness on advancing contact angles, it is concluded that such angles measured on highly compressed disks generally can be taken to be reasonable estimates of the intrinsic equilibrium contact angle.
Gamma–epsilon Interactions Regulate the Chloroplast ATP Synthase

Current literature on the structure and function of the chloroplast ATP synthase is reviewed with an emphasis on the roles of the γ and e subunits. Together these two subunits are thought to couple, via rotation, the proton motive force to nucleotide synthesis and hydrolysis by the catalytic F1 segment of the enzyme. These two subunits are also responsible for inducing the latent state of the enzyme that is necessary to prevent futile hydrolysis of ATP in the dark when electron transfer and ATP synthesis are inactive. A model is presented to explain how γ and e interact to achieve the transition between the active and latent states.
Strategic and tactical modeling: cotton-spider mite agroecosystem management

We discuss the development of two simulation models, a mechanistic cotton crop model and a spider mite population model. In a strategic mode, the simulation models are used to address basic hypotheses involving the interaction of cotton with its environment, and with the spider mite population, and to develop general strategies for managing the crop and its herbivores. In a tactical mode, these models are used to provide estimates of the anticipated severity of a spider mite population. Tactical modelling is made possible by using a statistically-based adaptive interface. The departure of simulated patterns of growth from observed patterns is used to ‘adapt’ several crop parameters including rate of photosynthesis, rate of vegetative growth, and metabolite allocation priority for fruit. For the spider mite population model, fecundity, predator-mediated mortality, and acaricide-induced mortality are adapted to specific field conditions.
Orientational anisotropy in the optical Stark effect: An FMD computer simulation

Abstract Field applied molecular dynamics (FMD) computer simulation is used to investigate the optical Stark effect in a liquid ensemble of chiral molecules, using left and right circularly polarised laser radiation, interacting with each molecule through the appropriate torque. A novel orientational anisotropy develops under the influence of this torque, an anisotropy which indicates bi-axial birefringence. The latter is the same for right and left circularly polarised laser components, even when a contribution is included from the imaginary part of molecular polarisability. The torque used in the FMD simulation is independent of the phase of the laser implying that the orientational birefringence persists at all frequencies.
Preparation of Cold Cell Blocks of Cytologic Specimens

Results: HeLa cells in all preparations were epithelioid with a plasmacytoid appearance, dyshesive, and had cytological features of high grade malignancy including high N:C ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia with prominent nucleoli and many mitotic figures (Figure 1). These cells morphologically resembled the original carcinoma cells seen in the cervical biopsy from Ms Henrietta Lacks (Lucey BP et al. Arch Path Lab Med 2009; 133:1463-1467). HeLa cells were immunoreactive for pankeratin, p16, Ki67 (100% of cells) and p53 (weak), but negative for 34betaE12 (basal cell marker), p63, S100, ER and PR. HeLa cells showed dot-like positivity with the HPV in-situ hybridization cocktail probe.
A horseradish peroxidase study of projections from the main and external cuneate nuclei to the cerebellum of the North American raccoon.

Neurons of the raccoon main (MCN) and external (ECN) cuneate nuclei having terminal fields in the anterior lobe and paramedian lobule of the cerebellum were studied by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the MCN, neurons of the polymorphic regions, but not of the round cell clusters, were labeled following HRP injections of the anterior lobe. HRP-labeled fusiform, triangular, and stellate cells were observed from 3–4 mm caudal to the obex to 2–3 mm rostral to it. The main body of labeled MCN neurons was located in the 1.25 mm immediately rostral to the obex, there forming a recognizable subnucleus in the ventral MCN. The ECN displayed uniform labeling from the anterior lobe with no particular cell type or nuclear region being labeled preferentially. A minor projection to the anterior lobe appeared to originate in the contralateral MCN and ECN. Injections of the paramedian lobule produced MCN labeling similar to that observed after anterior lobe injections, but the majority of labeled ECN neurons were found in the dorsomedial part of the nucleus. In lobule V of the anterior lobe, sagittal zone c contained the greatest density of cuneocerebellar terminals as judged by the degree of retrograde labeling seen in neurons of both the MCN and ECN. This observation was consistent with evoked potentials recorded in the anterior lobe of the raccoon cerebellum. The position of cuneocerebellar neurons in the ventrolateral MCN suggests that the bulk of the information being transferred to the cerebellumby the raccoon MCN is related to deep, rather than cutaneous, modalities.
A1 and A2 transitions in superfluid 3He in 98% porosity aerogel.

Superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ in high porosity aerogel is the system in which the effects of static impurities on a p-wave superfluid can be investigated in a systematic manner. We performed shear acoustic impedance measurements on this system (98% porosity aerogel) in the presence of magnetic fields up to 15 T at the sample pressures of 28.4 and 33.5 bars. We observed the splitting of the superfluid transition into two transitions in high fields in both bulk and liquid in aerogel. The field dependence of the splitting in aerogel resembles that of the bulk superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ caused by the presence and growth of the ${A}_{1}$ phase. Our results provide the first evidence of the ${A}_{1}$ phase in superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}/\mathrm{\text{aerogel}}$.
A Relationship Between Acid Precipitation and Three-Dimensional Transport Associated with Synoptic-Scale Cyclones.

Abstract Field data collected during APEX (Acid Precipitation Experiment) are used in combination with an isentropic trajectory model to analyze the relationship between acid precipitation and three-dimensional transport associated with cyclonic storms. Data are presented which indicate that high acidity in precipitation is often associated with slow transport speed and elevated SO2 concentrations in the dry air feeding into the precipitating regions. Conversely, low acidity is usually related to rapid transit, descending motion, and transport above the atmospheric boundary layer. The results also show that precipitation in the cold sector of a cyclone (in advance of the surface warm front) is often more acidic than that in other sectors of the storm. Four case studies are included to detail some of these meteorological effects.
Electrophysiological analysis of the projection from the contralateral entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus in normal rats.

Abstract The projection from the contralateral entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus is shown to exert a monosynaptic excitatory action. Stimulation of the contralateral entorhinal cortex evokes unitary granule cell discharges in the dentate gyrus. This evoked activity is followed by a period of inhibition lasting about 50 msec. Laminar analyses of field potentials generated by contralateral medial entorhinal stimulation localize the synaptic activity to the middle portion of the granule cell dendrites. This localization is consistent with the termination site of the contralateral entorhinal projection as previously shown anatomically. Earlier studies have indicated that the entorhinal cortex excites only the ipsilateral dentate gyrus. These findings now demonstrate that that the cortical input to the dentate gyrus is bilateral in normal rats. However, the contralateral projection appears to be much less efficacious than the ipsilateral input.
Redistribution of cell membrane probes following contraction-induced injury of mouse soleus muscle

Our aim was to study how mouse skeletal muscle membranes are altered by eccentric and isometric contractions. A fluorescent dialkyl carbocyanine dye (DiOC18(3)) was used to label muscle membranes, and the membranes accessible to the dye were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Experiments were done on normal mouse soleus muscles and soleus muscles injured by 20 eccentric or 20 isometric contractions. Longitudinal optical sections of control muscle fibers revealed DiOC18(3) staining of the plasmalemma and regularly spaced transverse bands corresponding in location to the T-tubular system. Transverse optical sections showed an extensive reticular network with the DiOC18(3) staining. Injured muscle fibers showed distinctively different staining patterns in both longitudinal and transverse optical sections. Longitudinal optical sections of the injured fibers revealed staining in a longitudinally-oriented pattern. No correlations were found between the abnormal DiOC18(3) staining and the reductions in maximal isometric tetanic force or release of lactate dehydrogenase (P≥0.32). Additionally, no difference in the extent of abnormal staining was found between muscles performing eccentric contractions and those performing the less damaging isometric contractions. However, many fibers in muscles injured by eccentric contractions showed swollen regions with marked loss of membrane integrity and an elevated free cytosolic calcium concentration as observed in Fluo-3 images. In conclusion, a loss of cell membrane integrity results from contractile activity, enabling DiOC18(3) staining of internal membranes. The resulting staining pattern is striking and fibers with damaged cell membranes are easily distinguished from uninjured ones.
Mass transfer analysis in a microemulsion system

Abstract Previous work on the effects of layering a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion on water has been documented. The concentration profiles recorded there are analyzed to obtain the fluxes in the interior and the adsorption at the interfaces. Adsorption at the interface shows a lack of equilibrium locally and the fluxes suggest that local equilibrium may not exist in the interior.
Amino‐Terminal Sequence of Chicken Preproalbumin

Poly(A)-containing RNA was isolated from chicken liver and translated in a reticulocyte lysate protein-synthesizing system in the presence of radiolabeled amino acids. Chicken albumin was isolated from the translation products by immunoprecipitation and subjected to automated Edman radiosequencing. Comparison with the sequence of proalbumin showed that the translocation product (preproalbumin) contains an NH2-terminal extension of 18 amino acid residues. The NH2-terminal sequence of chicken preproalbumin was as follows: Met-18-Lys-Asn-Val-15-Thr-Leu-Ile-Ser-Phe-10-Ile-Phe-Leu-Phe-Ser-5-Ser-Ala-Thr- Ser-1-Arg1, where Arg1 represents the NH2-terminal residue of proalbumin. This NH2-terminal extension is very rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues and is similar to the signal sequences found in other secreted proteins. The signal sequence of chicken preproalbumin shows considerable homology with the signal sequences of rat and bovine preproalbumins, but little homology with the signal sequences of other chicken preproteins.
Computer Simulations of Macromolecular Dynamics: Models for Vibrational Spectroscopy and X‐Ray Refinement

The use of computer simulations to study the internal dynamics of globular proteins and nucleic acids has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. These simulations constitute the most detailed theoretical approach available for studying internal motions and structural flexibility of biological macromolecules. In this paper we review recent work concerned with the use of computer simulations for the interpretation of, and comparison with, experimental probes of molecular dynamics. New methods for calculating vibrational spectroscopic lineshapes from computer simulations are discussed. A quasiharmonic approximation is described by which classical computer simulations on multidimensional potential surfaces can be used to estimate the effects of anharmonicity on vibrational spectra. A novel aspect of the method is the use of normal-mode eigenvectors as the independent coordinates for Monte Carlo sampling. Results for isolated small molecules and liquid water are reviewed. The construction of vibrational lineshapes from quantum computer simulations using path integral methods with new (quasiharmonic and variable quadratic) reference systems are discussed. Results for small model systems are presented and extension of the methods to large molecules is discussed. The recent use of molecular dynamics simulations to analyze X-ray refinement models for proteins and nucleic acids is also reviewed.
Perturbed hard chain theory for fluid mixtures: Thermodynamic properties for mixtures in natural gas and petroleum technology

Perturbed-hard-chain theory for pure fluids, proposed previously by Beret, is modified slightly to yield better pure-component results. More important, it is extended to multicomponent mixtures. The perturbed-hard-chain theory is a synthesis of the polymer solution theories of Flory and Prigogine and the perturbed-hard-sphere theories of Alder and Barker and Henderson. The resulting equation of state is applicable to simple as well as complex molecules (for example, heptane, naphthalene, polystyrene). It can be used to calculate both gas and liquid phase properties. Extension of perturbed-hard-chain theory to mixtures is based on a one-fluid model without, however, making the usual assumption of random mixing. The perturbed-hard-chain theory has been applied to most fluids commonly encountered in natural-gas and petroleum refining operations. The theory gives good agreement with experiment for pure-component and fluid-mixture properties including vapor pressures, liquid densities, enthalpies, and K factors. Molecular parameters have been obtained for forty-five pure components and for more than sixty binary mixtures. Ternary and higher mixtures require no additional parameters.
Putting health inequities on the map: social epidemiology meets medical/health geography––an ecosocial perspective

To put on the map: according to the Oxford English Dictionary, whatever is so placed occupies “an important or prominent position” and is “of some account or importance.” In this brief commentary, I take the opportunity to reflect on several articles by medical/health geographers and others regarding our Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project and my research, as a social epidemiologist, on the myriad ways racism can harm health. In both cases, my work on these topics has been motivated by my desire, starting a quarter of a century ago, to put health inequities on the map: as a topic of public concern, research, and action. The insightful and informative points and questions raised by the geography-oriented articles underscore the importance of bringing the best of our respective disciplinary insights and expertise to illuminate the profound connections between social justice and public health, between our bodily truths and the body politic, so as to further the goal of embodying equity––in an ecologically sustainable world.
Dual Blockade of EGFR and c-Met Abrogates Redundant Signaling and Proliferation in Head and Neck Carcinoma Cells

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is usually fatal, and innovative approaches targeting growth pathways are necessary to effectively treat this disease. Both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathways are overexpressed in HNSCC and initiate similar downstream signaling pathways. c-Met may act in consort with EGFR and/or be activated as a compensatory pathway in the presence of EGFR blockade. Experimental Design: Expression levels of EGFR and c-Met were determined by Western analysis in HNSCC cell lines and correlated with antitumor responses to inhibitors of these pathways. Results: Combining the c-Met inhibitor PF2341066 with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib abrogated HNSCC cell proliferation, invasion, and wound healing significantly more than inhibition of each pathway alone in HNSCC cell lines. When both HGF and the EGFR ligand, TGF-α, were present in vitro , P-AKT and P-MAPK expression were maximally inhibited by targeting both EGFR and c-Met pathways, suggesting that c-Met or EGFR can compensate when phosphorylation of the other receptor is inhibited. We also showed that TGF-α can induce phosphorylation of c-Met over sixfold by 8 hours in the absence of HGF, supporting a ligand-independent mechanism. Combined targeting of c-Met and EGFR resulted in an enhanced inhibition of tumor volumes accompanied by a decreased number of proliferating cells and increased apoptosis compared with single agent treatment in vivo . Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that dual blockade of c-Met and EGFR may be a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for treating HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4425–38. ©2011 AACR .
Blood glucose levels in adrenalectomized rats with an established sugar preference

Blood glucose levels in rats with an established sugar preference were compared to rats with no such preference before and after adrenalectomy. The results indicated that an established preference for sugar does not affect the milligram percentage of blood glucose under the present conditions. Regardless of the established preference, there were no significant differences between adrenalectomized groups for any of the postoperative periods.
Advanced Radiography and Ultrasonography in Reptiles

Radiography and ultrasonography are important imaging tools for the morphologic and functional evaluation of internal organs and the diagnosis of reptilian diseases. The unique anatomy and architecture of the coelomic cavity and reptilian organs such as the respiratory tract will result in variations from the normal radiographic images seen in domestic animals and avian species. Radiography is the most commonly used imaging technique in reptiles to assess the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and skeletal system. Specific metabolic disorders (eg, metabolic bone disease in lizards and chelonians) as well as infectious disease processes can also be diagnosed using radiographic techniques. Advanced imaging techniques, such as contrast radiography, scintigraphy, and ultrasonography, are commonly used but may present some unique challenges in reptiles because of their anatomy and pathophysiology of diseases. Pathologic changes can only be recognized and diagnosed with a good understanding and knowledge of reptile anatomy and pathophysiology. Normal radiographic appearance of reptiles and the application of advanced radiography, including nuclear imaging and ultrasonographic techniques, will be presented.
Effects of Time and Memory Factors on Response in Surveys

Abstract This article describes a simple model of the effects of time on memory. The model combines the effects of forgetting and telescoping where the event is remembered as occurring more recently than it did. The model is tested on behavior data for which validation information are available. The use of records and of aided recall are shown to have opposite effects on memory errors. Records reduce telescoping effects, but not errors of omission. Aided recall reduces omissions, but does not reduce and may even increase telescoping. The article also includes a discussion of other characteristics of the interview and the respondent that affect memory.
The microtubule lattice and plus-end association of Drosophila Mini spindles is spatially regulated to fine-tune microtubule dynamics

Individual microtubules (MTs) exhibit dynamic instability, a behavior in which they cycle between phases of growth and shrinkage while the total amount of MT polymer remains constant. Dynamic instability is promoted by the conserved XMAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In this study, we conducted an in vivo structure–function analysis of the Drosophila homologue Mini spindles (Msps). Msps exhibits EB1-dependent and spatially regulated MT localization, targeting to microtubule plus ends in the cell interior and decorating the lattice of growing and shrinking microtubules in the cell periphery. RNA interference rescue experiments revealed that the NH2-terminal four TOG domains of Msps function as paired units and were sufficient to promote microtubule dynamics and EB1 comet formation. We also identified TOG5 and novel inter-TOG linker motifs that are required for targeting Msps to the microtubule lattice. These novel microtubule contact sites are necessary for the interplay between the conserved TOG domains and inter-TOG MT binding that underlies the ability of Msps to promote MT dynamic instability.
Initial dynamic mechanical and dielectric studies on a systematic series of γ glutamate polypeptides

Abstract The complementary dynamic mechanical and dielectric methods have been extensively employed in the characterization of organic polymers. While the former method is sensitive to molecular motions that affect the mechanical properties, the latter has the advantage of detecting molecular motions that involve dipole oscillation. We have used both methods simultaneously within this study in order to help understand a portion of the molecular transitions that occur within a series of synthetic polypeptides.
The sign of the Gaussian sum

Abstract An evaluation of the Gaussian sum which is suggested by Schur's argument but seems tidier.
Genomic sequences homologous to the protein kinase region of the bifunctional herpes simplex virus type 2 protein ICP10

The large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) consists of two functional domains. The amino (N)-terminal domain at residues 1–411 has serine/threonine-specific kinase activity (PK domain) and is encoded by a DNA fragment with transforming potential ( 15,17). The remaining region is required for ribonucleotide reductase activity (RR domain) (14,15). Computer-assisted comparison of the ICP10 sequence to the EMBL database 21 has revealed sequences within the RR domain that are common to all RR1 proteins. Motifs homologous to the catalytic domains of all PKs were identified in the PK region (15). However, based on this database all other sequences were unique. Secondary structure analysis of the PK and RR junction region of ICP10 identified twist angle variations with helical periodicity characteristic of enhancer elements. Sequences homologous to a segment of the PK domain were amplified and cloned from human DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), suggesting that the PK domain may have originated from a cellular gene.
Forage Size Preference of the Largemouth Bass

(1970). Forage Size Preference of the Largemouth Bass. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 39-42.
Chronic constrictive pericarditis following uremic hemopericardium

Abstract A case of chronic constrictive pericarditis following uremic pericarditis is reported. Physicians caring for patients who have survived episodes of uremic pericarditis should be alert for the signs of a restrictive cardiac disorder.
Physician recommendation for papanicolaou testing among U.S. women, 2000.

Objective: Many women in the U.S. undergo routine cervical cancer screening, but some women have rarely or never had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Studies of other cancer screening tests (for example, mammograms) have shown that physician recommendation to get a screening test is one of the strongest predictors of cancer screening. Methods: In this study, we examined whether women in the U.S. had received a physician recommendation to get a Pap test using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Reported reasons for not receiving a Pap test were also explored. Results: Among women aged ≥18 years who had no history of hysterectomy, 83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 82.4-84.1%] of the 13,636 women in this sample had had a Pap test in the last 3 years. Among 2,310 women who had not had a recent Pap test, reported reasons for not receiving a Pap test included: “No reason/never thought about it” (48.0%; 95% CI, 45.5-50.7), “Doctor didn't order it” (10.3%; 95% CI, 8.7-12.0), “Didn't need it/didn't know I needed this type of test” (8.1%; 95% CI, 6.7-9.6), “Haven't had any problems” (9.0%; 95% CI, 7.6-10.5), “Put it off” (7.4%; 95% CI, 6.2-8.7), “Too expensive/no insurance” (8.7%; 95% CI, 7.3-10.2), “Too painful, unpleasant, embarrassing” (3.5%; 95% CI, 2.5-4.6), and “Don't have doctor” (1.7%; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4). Among women who had had a doctor visit in the last year but who had not had a recent Pap test, about 86.7% (95% CI, 84.5-88.6) reported that their doctor had not recommended a Pap test in the last year. African-American women were as likely as White women to have received a doctor recommendation to get a Pap test. Hispanic women were as likely as non-Hispanic women to have received a doctor recommendation to get a Pap test. In multivariate analysis, factors positively associated with doctor recommendation to get a Pap test included being aged 30 to 64 years, having been born in the U.S., and having seen a specialist or general doctor in the past year. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lack of a physician recommendation contributes to underuse of Pap screening by many eligible women. Given research that shows the effectiveness of physician recommendations in improving use, increased physician recommendations could contribute significantly to increased Pap screening use in the U.S.
Taking the Bull by the Horns: A Family Therapy Case of an East Indian Adolescent Substance Abuser

The cultural clash between traditional East Indian cultural values and US values often leads to parent–child conflicts, which increases East Indian adolescents’ risk for substance abuse. This is demonstrated in theory and through a case presentation of an East Indian adolescent substance abuser who was treated through an approach that coincided with the core principles of multi-dimensional family therapy. Family therapy interventions that coincided with East Indian cultural values were generally effective and resulted in decreased parental substance abuse, decreased family conflict, and improved parenting skills. Family therapy interventions that conflicted with East Indian cultural values were not effective. Further study is needed to ascertain the extent of parental and adolescent substance abuse in East Indian immigrant families and the effectiveness of a multi-dimensional family therapeutic approach to treatment.
Study on Separation Performance of the Compound Hydrocyclone Under Self-Vibration Condition

The compound hydrocyclone, combining merit of both dynamic hydrocyclone and hydrocyclone, is an efficient separator. Flow field and separation performance are affected by unavoidable vibration, when it operates. This paper discusses vibration of the compound hydrocyclone using modal analysis. Characteristics of modal parameters such as natural frequency, damping and mode of vibration are obtained. The main objective of this work is to investigate the effect on flow field and separation performance caused by the behavior of vibration. The finding showed the flow rate and running of the electric motor not only cause the vibration but also affect principal factor of the separation performance. This work provided a foundation for stable operation of compound hydrocyclone.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Regenerated hair cells in the European starling: are they more resistant to kanamycin ototoxicity than original hair cells?

Abstract Previous work from our laboratory [Marean et al. (1993) Hear. Res. 71, 125–136] has shown that a 10 day dose of 200 mg/kg/day kanamycin produced damage to the basal 34% of the starling basilar papilla. We also observed that repeating the dosing schedule following a 4 month survival period resulted in significantly less damage to the regenerated auditory epithelium. The present study investigated whether or not this apparent resistance was the result of a tendency for regenerated hair cells to be less susceptible to kanamycin ototoxicity, or if other, systemic factors may be involved. Eight European starlings were given subcutaneous injections of 200 mg/kg/day kanamycin for 10 days. Serum levels of kanamycin were measured at the time of sacrifice for all birds, and the basilar papillae of all birds were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two of these birds (Group 1) were sacrificed immediately following the dosing period. Two of the birds were allowed to survive for 60 days (Group 2). Two of the birds were redosed with 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days after 60 days survival (Group 3). Finally, two birds were redosed with 250 mg/kg/day until serum levels of kanamycin were the same as Group 1 when sacrificed (> 9 μg/ml). The SEM results showed that the regenerated auditory epthelium of the birds dosed a second time sustained less damage compared to previously untreated ears, even though the dosing regimen was the same (Group 3 versus Group 1). The regenerated auditory epethelium of birds dosed a second time sustained the same damage as previously untreated animals when the dosage was increased to attain similar serum levels (Group 4 versus Group 1). These results suggest metabolic changes occur in the starling in response to the initial dose of kanamycin which do not necessarily involve changes in hair cell resistance to ototoxicity.
Information and Cost Asymmetry in Experimental Duopoly Markets

We analyze data from experimental duopoly markets to assess the role information plays in facilitating collusion. In these markets, profitability can be common knowledge or private information. Market outputs are estimated in structures with symmetric and asymmetric costs under the two information conditions. Symmetric markets are more cooperative when profitability is common knowledge; asymmetric market outputs are unaffected by information differences. However, common knowledge in asymmetric markets increases the share of the output produced by the low-cost producer, and therefore increases industry efficiency.