cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interspike interval embedding of chaotic signals

According to a theorem of Takens [Lecture Notes in Mathematics (Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, 1981), Vol. 898], dynamical state information can be reproduced from a time series of amplitude measurements. In this paper we investigate whether the same information can be reproduced from interspike interval (ISI) measurements. Assuming an integrate‐and‐fire model coupling the dynamical system to the spike train, there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between the system states and interspike interval vectors of sufficiently large dimension. The correspondence implies in particular that a data series of interspike intervals, formed in this manner, can be forecast from past history. This capability is demonstrated using a nonlinear prediction algorithm, and is found to be robust to noise. A set of interspike intervals measured from a simple neuronal circuit is studied for deterministic structure using a prediction error statistic.
Pressure dependence of the Fermi surface of paramagnetic chromium

The pressure dependence of the Fermi surface and wave vector of the spin-density wave of chromium has been studied with the use of an accurate Slater-Koster fit to a self-consistent band-structure calculation for paramagnetic chromium. The band structure at reduced lattice constant was obtained by the scaling of the two-center parameters in the Slater-Koster Hamiltonian. While the pressure derivative of the spin-density wave vector is in agreement with de Haas---van Alphen experiments, the reported disappearance of the spin-density wave at 0.5% reduction in lattice volume cannot be explained as a loss of nesting or by large changes in composition of states on the Fermi surface. The pressure derivative computed for the extremal cross-sectional area of the hole ellipsoid around the point $N$ agrees in sign with one measurement, but has a magnitude closer to another measurement. Further study is needed to explain the apparent contradictions of the pressure experiments on chromium.
Probing Epsilon Near Zero-related Enhancements in Silver

We probe effects of field enhancements in silver-dielectric layers using a highly luminescent organic system with Eu3+. Significant enhancement in the excitation spectra is observed at the spectral range corresponding to epsilon-near zero for silver.
Potential of two perfluorinated alcohols as fumigants.

Two perfluorinated alcohols, CCRL-489 and CCRL-583, tested as fumigants against stored-product insects, proved to be more toxic than methyl bromide to adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, and the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne . (F.), and late-stage larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.), when the insects were exposed in free space. Both compounds were also more toxic than methyl bromide to T. confusum adults exposed in a mass of wheat at 27°C; however both compounds were slightly less toxic than methyl bromide when the temperature was reduced to 13°C. Results of tests in which immature stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), were exposed in a mass of wheat to both perfluorinated alcohols indicated that eggs and early-stage larvae were more tolerant to the alcohols than late-stage larvae, pupae, and adults.
Diversity, religiosity, and spirituality in the workplace

In this paper, we consider the ways in which attention to diversity and to the sociopolitical conditions that lead to discrimination and marginalization would complicate extant discourses about workplace spirituality. We posit that critical attention to differences in social identity, social location, and attendant power relationships would force scholars in this area of study to reconsider several foundational questions: first, attention to the lived experience of people from diverse backgrounds and histories would force us to broaden our view and definition of work. Second, we would be compelled to think more broadly and more critically about what we define as workplaces. Third, attending in critical ways to matters of diversity would compel us to think about religiosity and spirituality as landscapes of diversity. Finally, we would be compelled to consider theoretical approaches that would allow us to explore the reality that the workplace is a space in which the complex sociohistorical and sociopoliti...
Exploring the relationship between polymorphic (TG/CA) n repeats in intron 1 regions and gene expression

The putative role of (TG/CA) n repeats in the regulation of transcription has recently been reported for several cancer- and disease-related genes, including the genes encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) and interferon-gamma (IFNG). These studies indicated a correlation between gene expression levels and the presence or length of (TG/CA) n repeats in their intron 1 regions. A genome-wide search for genes with similar features may provide evidence of whether these dinucleotide repeats represent a class of universal regulators of gene expression, which has recently begun to be investigated as a quantitative complex phenotype. Using a public database of simple repeats, we identified 330 genes containing potentially polymorphic long (TG/CA) n repeats (n ≥ 12) in their intron 1 regions. One known physiological pathway, the calcium signalling pathway, was found to be enriched among the genes containing long repeats. In addition, certain biological processes, such as cation transport, signal transduction and ion transport, were found to be enriched in these genes. Genotyping of the long repeats showed that the majority of these dinucleotide repeats were polymorphic in the HapMap CEU (Caucasians from Utah, USA) samples of northern and western European ancestry. Evidence for a significant association between these repeats and gene expression was not observed in the genes selected based on their expression profiles in the HapMap CEU samples. Our current findings, therefore, do not support a role for these repeats as a class of universal gene expression regulators. A more comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between these repeats and gene expression, potentially in other tissues, may be necessary to illustrate their roles in gene regulation in the future.
Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring

This paper develops a theory of financial intermediation based on minimizing the cost of monitoring information which is useful for resolving incentive problems between borrowers and lenders. It presents a characterization of the costs of providing incentives for delegated monitoring by a financial intermediary. Diversification within an intermediary serves to reduce these costs, even in a risk neutral economy. The paper presents some more general analysis of the effect of diversification on resolving incentive problems. In the environment assumed in the model, debt contracts with costly bankruptcy are shown to be optimal. The analysis has implications for the portfolio structure and capital structure of intermediaries.
Interracial friendship development and attributional biases

We demonstrated that a self—other attributional bias impedes interracial friendship development. Whites were given the opportunity to become friends with a White or Black participant. Whites indicated how interested they were in becoming friends and how concerned they were about being rejected as a friend. They also indicated how interested they thought the other person was in becoming friends and how concerned they thought the other person was about being rejected as friend. Results revealed that lower-prejudice Whites made divergent explanations for the self and other when the potential friend was Black, whereas higher-prejudice Whites did not. Prejudice level did not influence the type of explanations made when the potential friend was White. Implications for interracial friendship development are considered.
N omega-amino-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, raises vascular resistance but increases mortality rates in awake canines challenged with endotoxin.

Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been reported to increase mean arterial pressure in animal models of sepsis and recently have been given to patients in septic shock. However, controlled studies to determine the effects of these agents on cardiovascular function and survival in awake animal models of sepsis have not been reported. To examine the therapeutic potential of NOS inhibition in septic shock, we challenged canines with endotoxin (2 or 4 mg/kg i.v.) and treated them with either normal saline or N omega-amino-L-arginine (10 or 1 mg/kg/h), the most specific inhibitor available for the isoform of NOS implicated in septic shock. Endotoxemic animals treated with N omega-amino-L-arginine (n = 11) had higher systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices (SVRI and PVRI, p less than or equal to 0.033) and decreased heart rates (p = 0.009), cardiac indices (CI, p = 0.01), oxygen delivery indices (p = 0.027), and oxygen consumption indices (p = 0.046) compared with controls (n = 6). Moreover, N omega-amino-L-arginine increased mortality rates after endotoxin challenge (10 of 11 vs. 1 of 6 controls, p = 0.005). Administration of L-arginine did not improve survival or alter the cardiopulmonary effects of N omega-amino-L-arginine, which suggests that inhibition of NOS may not have been competitive. In normal animals, N omega-amino-L-arginine alone (n = 3) increased SVRI (p = 0.0008) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.016), and decreased CI (p = 0.01) compared with saline-treated controls (n = 3), but, at the high dose, also produced neuromuscular rigidity and seizure-like activity that was not apparent in the endotoxemic model. Thus, the mortality rate from endotoxemia increased either because of NOS inhibition per se or because of properties unique to N omega-amino-L-arginine, or both.
ACTIVATION OF QUIESCENT MUCORMYCOTIC GRANULOMATA IN RABBITS BY INDUCTION OF ACUTE ALLOXAN DIABETES

In normal rabbits subcutaneous granulomata produced by the injection of a spore suspension of Rhizopus oryzae remained confined to the site of inoculation, showed no fungus proliferation, no longer yielded the agent on culture 10 weeks after inoculation, and eventually healed. Similar well established granulomata in rabbits with acute alloxan diabetes induced 8, 10, and 15 days after injection of the fungus uniformly showed activation of the infection. This occurred only in animals showing acetonuria. In these animals the skin lesions showed proliferation of the fungus frequently associated with invasion and early necrosis of the granuloma wall. In some instances, spread of the infection to adjacent tissues with invasion of blood vessels had occurred. These experiments illustrate that changes in host metabolism can activate a preexisting quiescent infection.
YIELD AND QUALITY OF CATSUP PRODUCED TO A STANDARD SOLIDS AND CONSISTENCY LEVEL I. METHOD OF DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF TOMATO SOLIDS REQUIRED

A method has been developed to determine the amount of tomato solids required to make a batch of catsup which contains a given level of total solids at any specified Bostwick consistency. It was developed to determine factors that control the yield and quality of catsup obtainable from any any raw material and the effect of the processing procedures used for producing the tomato pulp required for its production. It was also developed for evaluating the production capability of recently released varieties grown under field trial conditions. These subjects will be discussed in a subsequent paper.
Invariant scaling relations across tree-dominated communities

Organizing principles are needed to link organismal, community and ecosystem attributes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we extend allometric theory-how attributes of organisms change with variation in their size-and test its predictions against worldwide data sets for forest communities by quantifying the relationships among tree size-frequency distributions, standing biomass, species number and number of individuals per unit area. As predicted, except for the highest latitudes, the number of individuals scales as the -2 power of basal stem diameter or as the -3/4 power of above-ground biomass. Also as predicted, this scaling relationship varies little with species diversity, total standing biomass, latitude and geographic sampling area. A simulation model in which individuals allocate biomass to leaf, stem and reproduction, and compete for space and light obtains features identical to those of a community. In tandem with allometric theory, our results indicate that many macroecological features of communities may emerge from a few allometric principles operating at the level of the individual.
A systems approach towards an understanding, diagnosis and personalized treatment of autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), are lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders that affect an estimated 1 in 110 individuals, with a male:female ratio of approximately 4:1. Defined behaviorally, ASDs include the most severe autistic disorder as described by Kanner [1], pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Aspergers syndrome [2], the mildest form without language delay and cognitive impairment. As implied by the varying clinical diagnoses, the affected individuals display a wide range of functional impairment along three core domains: social cognition and interactions, delayed development and/or pragmatic use of language, and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, as well as restricted interests. Although a wide variety of drugs have been used to treat individuals with ASD, none of the conventional medications prescribed target any of the core symptomatology of ASDs. Pharmacological treatment of ASDs is further complicated by the frequent presence of comorbid disorders, such as epilepsy, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, in addition to gastrointestinal and immune system disorders. Often, psychotropic medications are used off-label and in combination to treat co-occurring symptoms including anxiety, obsessions, hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability and aggressive behaviors. The most frequently prescribed classes of medications for individuals with ASD include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, cholinesterase inhibitors, stimulants and antihypertensive a-adrenergic agonists [3]. However, the efficacy of the majority of these drugs in this population has been marginal, with relatively few placebo-controlled, doubleblind studies performed to date on any specific medication. Thus, much of the current
Nek2 phosphorylates and stabilizes β-catenin at mitotic centrosomes downstream of Plk1

β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein with critical roles in cell-cell adhesion, Wnt signaling, and the centrosome cycle. Whereas the regulation of β-catenin in cell-cell adhesion and Wnt signaling are well understood, how β-catenin is regulated at the centrosome is not. NIMA-related protein kinase 2 (Nek2), which regulates centrosome disjunction/splitting, binds to and phosphorylates β-catenin. Using in vitro and cell-based assays, we show that Nek2 phosphorylates the same regulatory sites in the N-terminus of β-catenin as glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which are recognized by a specific phospho-S33/S37/T41 antibody, as well as additional sites. Nek2 binding to β-catenin appears to inhibit binding of the E3 ligase β-TrCP and prevents β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation. Thus β-catenin phosphorylated by Nek2 is stabilized and accumulates at centrosomes in mitosis. We further show that polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) regulates Nek2 phosphorylation and stabilization of β-catenin. Taken together, these results identify a novel mechanism for regulating β-catenin stability that is independent of GSK3β and provide new insight into a pathway involving Plk1, Nek2, and β-catenin that regulates the centrosome cycle.
Hydrodynamics Prediction of High Speed Sea Lift (HSSL) Ships

High Speed Sea Lift (HSSL) is an important area of interest for the US Navy. Computational tools are needed to predict the hydrodynamics of these multihull configurations for their proper design and analysis in many areas including resistance and powering, motions and habitability, loads in service and maneuverability. To address these issues requires a hierarchy of computational and experimental capabilities. Described here are efforts underway to use Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solvers to answer some of these needs. Specifically, computations are demonstrated with CFDSHIP-Iowa to predict relevant HSSL catamaran and trimaran configurations under a variety of operating conditions in both calm water and with waves. Many of these predictions, particularly those representing behavior in various sea states, are very computationally intensive and thus require high performance computing resources. The predictions demonstrated here are paving the way for a computational capability to aid in the design for a new generation of naval ships.
Antarctic meteorites: A progress report

Meteorites are being used for a variety of extraterrestrial studies. They include the oldest solar system materials available and sample a wide range of parent bodies, some primitive, some highly evolved. Meteorites carry decipherable records of certain solar and galactic effects and yield otherwise unobtainable data about the genesis, evolution, and composition of smaller bodies in the solar system and, by inference, of the earth and other planets, their satellites, and the sun. They also provide an important body of “ground truth,” in a chemical and physical sense, critical to interpreting planetary data obtained by remote sensing.
Dehydration of Baralyme increases compound A resulting from sevoflurane degradation in a standard anesthetic circuit used to anesthetize swine.

In a model anesthetic circuit, dehydration of Baralyme[registered sign] brand carbon dioxide absorbent increases degradation of sevoflurane to CF2=C(CF3)OCH2 F, a nephrotoxic vinyl ether called Compound A.In the present study, we quantified this increase using "conditioned" Baralyme[registered sign] in a circle absorbent system to deliver sevoflurane anesthesia to swine. Mimicking continuing oxygen delivery for 2 days after completion of an anesthetic, we directed a conditioning fresh gas flow of 5 L/min retrograde through fresh absorbent in situ in a standard absorbent system for 40 h. The conditioned absorbent was subsequently used (without mixing of the granules) in a standard anesthetic circuit to deliver sevoflurane to swine weighing 78 +/- 2 kg. The initial inflow rate of fresh gas flow was set at 10 L/min with the vaporizer at 8% to achieve the target end-tidal concentration of 3.0%-3.2% sevoflurane in approximately 20 min. The flow was later decreased to 2 L/min, and the vaporizer concentration was decreased to sustain the 3.0%-3.2% value for a total of 2 h (three pigs) or 4 h (eight pigs). Inspired Compound A increased over the first 30-60 min to a peak concentration of 357 +/- 49 ppm (mean +/- SD), slowly decreasing thereafter to 74 +/- 6 ppm at 4 h. The average concentration over 2 h was 208 +/- 25 ppm, and the average concentration over 4 h was 153 +/- 19 ppm. Pigs were killed 1 or 4 days after anesthesia. The kidneys from pigs anesthetized for both 2 h and 4 h showed mild inflammation but little or no tubular necrosis. These results suggest that dehydration of Baralyme[registered sign] may produce concentrations of Compound A that would have nephrotoxic effects in humans in a shorter time than would be the case with normally hydrated Baralyme[registered sign]. Implications: The vapor known as Compound A can injure the kidney. Dehydration of Baralyme[registered sign], a standard absorbent of carbon dioxide in inhaled anesthetic delivery systems, can cause a 5- to 10-fold increase in Compound A concentrations produced from the inhaled anesthetic, sevoflurane, given at anesthetizing concentrations in a conventional anesthetic system. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:1382-6)
The independence numbers of fullerenes and benzenoids

We explore the structure of the maximum vertex independence sets in fullerenes: plane trivalent graphs with pentagonal and hexagonal faces. At the same time, we will consider benzenoids: plane graphs with hexagonal faces and one large outer face. In the case of fullerenes, a maximum vertex independence set may constructed as follows: (i) Pair up the pentagonal faces. (ii) Delete the edges of a shortest path in the dual joining the paired faces to get a bipartite subgraph of the fullerene. (iii) Each of the deleted edges will join two vertices in the same cell of the bipartition; eliminating one endpoint of each of the deleted edges results in two independent subsets.The main part of this paper is devoted to showing that for a properly chosen pairing, the larger of these two independent subsets will be a maximum independent set. We also prove that the construction of a maximum vertex independence set in a benzenoid is similar with the dual paths between pentagonal faces replaced by dual circuits through the outside face. At the end of the paper, we illustrate this method by computing the independence number for each of the icosahedral fullerenes.
Influence of Emotional Processing on Working Memory in Schizophrenia

Research on emotional processing in schizophrenia suggests relatively intact subjective responses to affective stimuli “in the moment.” However, neuroimaging evidence suggests diminished activation in brain regions associated with emotional processing in schizophrenia. We asked whether given a more vulnerable cognitive system in schizophrenia, individuals with this disorder would show increased or decreased modulation of working memory (WM) as a function of the emotional content of stimuli compared with healthy control subjects. In addition, we examined whether higher anhedonia levels were associated with a diminished impact of emotion on behavioral and brain activation responses. In the present study, 38 individuals with schizophrenia and 32 healthy individuals completed blocks of a 2-back WM task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning session. Blocks contained faces displaying either only neutral stimuli or neutral and emotional stimuli (happy or fearful faces), randomly intermixed and occurring both as targets and non-targets. Both groups showed higher accuracy but slower reaction time for negative compared to neutral stimuli. Individuals with schizophrenia showed intact amygdala activity in response to emotionally evocative stimuli, but demonstrated altered dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampal activity while performing an emotionally loaded WM-task. Higher levels of social anhedonia were associated with diminished amygdala responses to emotional stimuli and increased DLPFC activity in individuals with schizophrenia. Emotional arousal may challenge dorsal-frontal control systems, which may have both beneficial and detrimental influences. Our findings suggest that disturbances in emotional processing in schizophrenia relate to alterations in emotion-cognition interactions rather than to the perception and subjective experience of emotion per se.
FURROW IRRIGATION AND N MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY

N management under furrow irrigation is difficult because nitratenitrogen (NO3-N) is frequently leached to groundwater. Banding and sidedressing N fertilizer on a non-irrigated side of a row of corn (Zea mays L.) might increase N uptake and minimize nitrate leaching potential by reducing the NO3-N in soil profiles at harvest, thereby protecting water quality. For two years in the field, we evaluated two N placements (broadcast vs. banded), two row spacings (0.76-m vs. a modified 0.56-m), and two ways of positioning irrigation water (applying water to the same side or alternating sides of the row with successive irrigations) for their effects on N uptake in corn silage and soil profile NO3-N (to the 0.9-m depth). In southern Idaho, we grew field corn in Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) by irrigating every second furrow nine times in 1988 and seven times in 1989. We measured N uptake by harvesting whole plants at physiological maturity and NO3-N in soil...
A Content Analysis of Alcoholic Advertisements in African American Magazines

The frequency and content of alcoholic advertisements in five African American magazines are examined and documented. Differences were found in the frequency of alcoholic ads, the type of alcohol being advertised, the presentation of models and the advertising appeals employed in the magazines surveyed for this study.
Adapting to Time Constraints

Consider the plight of an air-traffic controller choosing an altitude and course for an incoming flight, or a parent selecting a breakfast cereal during a hurried shopping trip accompanied by a cranky child. Although the consequences of these two decisions may vary, both decision makers face two potentially conflicting goals: (1) to make a good choice and (2) to reach a decision within a limited amount of time. Such choices illustrate the central topic of this chapter, the influence of time pressure upon decision making.
National Economic Conditions and Patient Insurance Status Predict Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Rates and Management Decisions

Purpose: The recent Great Recession from December 2007 to June 2009 presents a unique opportunity to examine whether the incidence of nonpalpable prostate cancer decreases while conservative management for nonpalpable prostate cancer increases during periods of national economic hardship.Materials and Methods: We derived rates of national monthly diagnosis and conservative management for screen detected, nonpalpable prostate cancer and patient level insurance status from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database from 2004 to 2011. We derived monthly statistics on national unemployment rates, inflation, median household income and S&P 500® closing values from government sources. Using linear and logistic multivariable regression we measured the correlation of national macroeconomic conditions with prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment patterns. We evaluated patient level predictors of conservative management to determine whether being insured by Medicaid or uninsured increased the us...
THE GROWTH OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS

The behavior of short fatigue cracks differs from that of long cracks because of greater sensitivity to the microstructure, a greater size of the plastic zone relative to crack length, and a lesser extent of crack closure. Advances have been made in the understanding of the fatigue crack growth process of short cracks, and this understanding has been employed in the development of analytical treatments of short fatigue crack growth. The present paper reviews this progress and also discusses the relevance of short fatigue crack behavior to technologically significant areas.
Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of Decaying and Forced Isotropic Turbulence Using Lattice Boltzmann Method

The capability of the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate turbulent flows using direct and large eddy simulations is explored by performing decaying and forced isotropic turbulence. The decay exponents and the spectral scaling properties of energy and dissipation are compared with classical results. The lattice Boltzmann method, with single and multiple relaxation time, captures important features of turbulence, and the results are in agreement with the classical ones. The ability of the lattice Boltzmann method to perform large eddy simulation using dynamic Smagorinsky model and the local dynamic subgrid kinetic energy method is explored.
Studies in Bomb Calorimetry. A New Determination of the Energy of Combustion of Benzoic Acid in Terms of Electrical Units.

The heat of combustion of NBS Standard Sample 39i of benzoic acid under standard bomb conditions has been determined in terms of electrical units. A value of -26,434.0 J g-1 was obtained. The total uncertainty in our determination is estimated to be ±3.3 J g-1. The uncertainty due to random errors was 1.7 J g-1 and is based on the appropriate factors for the Student t distribution at the 95 percent confidence limits for eleven determinations of the energy equivalent of the calorimeter and six determinations of the heat of combustion of benzoic acid. The principal systematic error, neglect of surface temperature correction for our calorimeter, has been assigned a value of ±2.6 J g-1 until more reliable estimates of the correction can be made. Particular emphasis was placed on improving the precision of a calorimetric measurement over those previously obtained in this laboratory by the use of more sensitive auxiliary measuring equipment and more accurate procedures to evaluate the corrected temperature rise.
Uric acid in two patients with Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).

SummaryA brother and sister with Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) were found to have low serum urate levels and were injected with isotopic uric acid for pool size and turnover rate determination. The pool size of both was well below normal and the turnover rate was approximately twice the normal value. Benemid accentuated these findings in the female but was not tried in the male because of its adverse clinical effect. The rapid rate of removal of uric acid is compared to the phenomenon of aminoaciduria that is common in this disease. When ribose nucleic acid was fed to the male subject there was a statistically significant increase in urinary uric acid and this “extra” uric acid was equivalent to about 55% of the calculated purine ingested. There was no significant rise in the excretion of nonuric acid purines after nucleic acid feeding and this suggests that exogenous purine is mainly converted to uric acid before excretion.
Arbitrary Optical Transformations Without Calculations

We show how to perform any linear transformation on a coherent light field, without fundamental efficiency limits, trained, adaptive approach based on singular value decomposition mathematics and suitable for integrated optics implementations in simple cases.
Research on OWL-S Based Collaborative Manufacturing Ontology

The concept of ontology and semantic Web was introduced,a collaborative manufacturing ontology model was established by extending OWL-S ontology,and the structure of the collaborative manufacturing ontology was described in detail.The application of the collaborative manufacturing ontology in the configuration of the collaborative manufacturing chain was explored in the end.Based on the collaborative manufacturing ontology,the semantic of manufacturing service and manufacturing requirement can be described effectively,so that the collaborative manufacturing chain based on semantic Web can be configured rapidly.
The investigation on contamination status of heavy metals in main foods in Nanning city

Objective: To investigate the contamination status of heavy metals including lead,arsenic,cadmium and mercury in main food in Nanning city.Methods: The contents of lead,arsenic,cadmium and mercury in samples of rice,rice noodles,pork,beef,mutton,pig kidney,eggs and vegetables collected randomly from supermarkets and fairs in Nanning were analyzed by national standard methods.Results: A total of 94 samples were tested.The detection rates of lead,arsenic,cadmium and mercury were 19.1%,26.6%,52.1% and 17.0%,respectively;The excessive rates of lead,arsenic,cadmium and mercury were 1.06%,10.6%,7.45% and 5.32%,respectively.Conclusion: The lead,arsenic,cadmium and mercury have been detected with different degrees in foods of Nanning.The detection rate of cadmium and the excessive rate of arsenic were the highest.
Aggrecan: Approaches to Study Biophysical and Biomechanical Properties

Aggrecan, the most abundant extracellular proteoglycan in cartilage (~35 % by dry weight), plays a key role in the biophysical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. Here, we review several approaches based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the physical, mechanical, and structural properties of aggrecan at the molecular level. These approaches probe the response of aggrecan over a wide time (frequency) scale, ranging from equilibrium to impact dynamic loading. Experimental and theoretical methods are described for the investigation of electrostatic and fluid-solid interactions that are key mechanisms underlying the biomechanical and physicochemical functions of aggrecan. Using AFM-based imaging and nanoindentation, ultrastructural features of aggrecan are related to its mechanical properties, based on aggrecans harvested from human vs. bovine, immature vs. mature, and healthy vs. osteoarthritic cartilage.
WE-DE-201-12: Thermal and Dosimetric Properties of a Ferrite-Based Thermo-Brachytherapy Seed

Purpose: The novel thermo-brachytherapy (TB) seed provides a simple means of adding hyperthermia to LDR prostate permanent implant brachytherapy. The high blood perfusion rate (BPR) within the prostate motivates the use of the ferrite and conductive outer layer design for the seed cores. We describe the results of computational analyses of the thermal properties of this ferrite-based TB seed in modelled patient-specific anatomy, as well as studies of the interseed and scatter (ISA) effect. Methods: The anatomies (including the thermophysical properties of the main tissue types) and seed distributions of 6 prostate patients who had been treated with LDR brachytherapy seeds were modelled in the finite element analysis software COMSOL, using ferrite-based TB and additional hyperthermia-only (HT-only) seeds. The resulting temperature distributions were compared to those computed for patient-specific seed distributions, but in uniform anatomy with a constant blood perfusion rate. The ISA effect was quantified in the Monte Carlo software package MCNP5. Results: Compared with temperature distributions calculated in modelled uniform tissue, temperature distributions in the patient-specific anatomy were higher and more heterogeneous. Moreover, the maximum temperature to the rectal wall was typically ∼1 °C greater for patient-specific anatomy than for uniform anatomy. The ISA effect of the TB and HT-only seeds caused a reduction in D90 similar to that found for previously-investigated NiCu-based seeds, but of a slightly smaller magnitude. Conclusion: The differences between temperature distributions computed for uniform and patient-specific anatomy for ferrite-based seeds are significant enough that heterogeneous anatomy should be considered. Both types of modelling indicate that ferrite-based seeds provide sufficiently high and uniform hyperthermia to the prostate, without excessively heating surrounding tissues. The ISA effect of these seeds is slightly less than that for the previously-presented NiCu-based seeds.
Cooperative Differential Games

Here we shall consider cooperative play in the sense of Pareto. In particular, we shall restate the definitions and results of Chapter 1 as they apply to the situation discussed in Chapter 2. The definition of Pareto-optimality, Definition 1.1, becomes
The Formation of Online Trust

Trust is widely recognized as a key driver of online commerce (Keen, 1997). This is so because online commerce typically requires the exchange of sensitive personal or financial information such as e-mail address and credit card numbers among the transacting parties. Such information sharing opens up the trustor to the risks of undesirable consequences such as potential misuse of personal or financial data by the trustee. Some degree of trust is required to assure trustors that trustees will not take advantage of their vulnerability during or after the transaction. Trust reduces social uncertainty in exchange-based relationships, eliminates the need for bureaucratic control structures, and encourages long-term relationships, while lack of trust necessitates full disclosure of business rules, increases monitoring costs, and hence decreases business efficiencies (Luhmann, 1979). ABSTRACT
Water Conservation Potential of Smart Irrigation Technologies in the Catawba-Wateree River Basin

AbstractA 3-year study was conducted in the Catawba-Wateree River Basin during the spring and summer months of 2009–2011 to evaluate the water savings potential of three smart irrigation controllers compared with standard timer-based irrigation controllers. Thirty-six residential sites, 12 on each of three Duke Energy lakes (Lake Norman, Lake Hickory, and Lake Wylie), were selected for the study. Each site had an automated, underground irrigation system that directly drew water from the Duke Energy lake that the property bordered. None of the systems had previously been metered and there was no charge to homeowners for withdrawing water from the bordering lake. All sites were instrumented with water meters in 2009 to monitor irrigation water withdrawals, and irrigation system audits were performed before installation of smart technologies. After collecting baseline water-use data in 2009, existing controllers were replaced with one of three smart controllers at 27 of the study sites in 2010, and irrigatio...
Low-Temperature-Processed Printed Metal Oxide Transistors Based on Pure Aqueous Inks

Additive patterning of transparent conducting metal oxides at low temperatures is a critical step in realizing low-cost transparent electronics for display technology and photovoltaics. In this work, inkjet-printed metal oxide transistors based on pure aqueous chemistries are presented. These inks readily convert to functional thin films at lower processing temperatures (T ≤ 250 °C) relative to organic solvent-based oxide inks, facilitating the fabrication of high-performance transistors with both inkjet-printed transparent electrodes of aluminum-doped cadmium oxide (ACO) and semiconductor (InOx). The intrinsic fluid properties of these water-based solutions enable the printing of fine features with coffee-ring free line profiles and smoother line edges than those formed from organic solvent-based inks. The influence of low-temperature annealing on the optical, electrical, and crystallographic properties of the ACO electrodes is investigated, as well as the role of aluminum doping in improving these properties. Finally, the all-aqueous-printed thin film transistors (TFTs) with inkjet-patterned semiconductor (InOx) and source/drain (ACO) layers are characterized, which show ideal low contact resistance (Rc < 160 Ω cm) and competitive transistor performance (µlin up to 19 cm2 V−1 s−1, Subthreshold Slope (SS) ≤150 mV dec−1) with only low-temperature processing (T ≤ 250 °C).
From Label Maps to Generative Shape Models: A Variational Bayesian Learning Approach

This paper proposes a Bayesian treatment of a latent variable model for learning generative shape models of grid-structured representations, aka label maps, that relies on direct probabilistic formulation with a variational approach for deterministic model learning. Spatial coherency and sparsity priors are incorporated to lend stability to the optimization problem, thereby regularizing the solution space while avoiding overfitting in this high-dimensional, low-sample-size scenario. Hyperparameters are estimated in closed-form using type-II maximum likelihood to avoid grid searches. Further, a mixture formulation is proposed to capture nonlinear shape variations in a way that balances the model expressiveness with the efficiency of learning and inference. Experiments show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art representations on real datasets w.r.t. generalization to unseen samples.
The Effects of Organizational Risk Appetite and Social Pressure on Aggressive Financial Reporting Behavior

ABSTRACT This study uses an experiment to investigate how an organization's risk appetite statement (conservative versus aggressive) and source of social pressure (conformity pressure from a peer versus obedience pressure from a superior) combine to influence management accountants' aggressive financial reporting behavior. Specifically, we focus on whether social pressure arising from a superior relative to pressure from a peer may undermine a conservative risk appetite. We find that management accountants' aggressive financial reporting judgments are more responsive to obedience pressure relative to conformity pressure in the presence of a conservative risk appetite, which suggests that pressure from a superior may reduce the effectiveness of a conservative risk appetite. Our study contributes to understanding how factors at the individual, social, and organizational level combine to influence management accountants' aggressive financial reporting behavior. Data Availability: The data used in this study ...
Evaluating the Theoretic Adequacy and Applied Potential of Computational Models of the Spacing Effect

The spacing effect is among the most widely replicated empirical phenomena in the learning sciences, and its relevance to education and training is readily apparent. Yet successful applications of spacing effect research to education and training is rare. Computational modeling can provide the crucial link between a century of accumulated experimental data on the spacing effect and the emerging interest in using that research to enable adaptive instruction. In this paper, we review relevant literature and identify 10 criteria for rigorously evaluating computational models of the spacing effect. Five relate to evaluating the theoretic adequacy of a model, and five relate to evaluating its application potential. We use these criteria to evaluate a novel computational model of the spacing effect called the Predictive Performance Equation (PPE). Predictive Performance Equation combines elements of earlier models of learning and memory including the General Performance Equation, Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational, and the New Theory of Disuse, giving rise to a novel computational account of the spacing effect that performs favorably across the complete sets of theoretic and applied criteria. We implemented two other previously published computational models of the spacing effect and compare them to PPE using the theoretic and applied criteria as guides.
Prospective nonrandomized study to evaluate cone beam computed tomography for technical assessment of standard and complex endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the utility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for technical assessment of standard and complex endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods Data of consecutive patients who underwent standard or complex EVAR in 2016 and 2017 at our institution were entered into a prospective database and analyzed retrospectively. There were 154 patients (126 male; mean age, 74 ± 8 years) enrolled in a prospective study between 2016 and 2017. A total of 170 aortic procedures were investigated, including 85 fenestrated-branched EVARs (F-BEVARs), 42 abdominal and thoracic EVARs, 32 EVARs with iliac branch devices, and 11 aorta-related interventions. Technical assessment was done using CBCT with and without contrast enhancement, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Patients with stage 3B or stage 4 chronic kidney disease had CBCT without contrast enhancement. Radiation exposure (mean dose-area product), effective dose (ED), and amount of iodine contrast agent were analyzed. End points were presence of any endoleak, positive findings warranting possible intervention (stent kink or compression, type I or type III endoleak, dissection, thrombus), and need for secondary intervention. Results Radiation exposure and amount of iodine contrast agent were significantly higher (P Conclusions CBCT reliably detected positive findings prompting immediate revisions in nearly one of five patients, with the highest rates among F-BEVAR patients. Detection of any endoleak was higher with CBCT compared with DSA or CTA, but most endoleaks were observed. DSA alone failed to detect positive findings warranting revisions.
Designing nanocellulose materials from the molecular scale.

Cellulose, in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or bacterial cellulose, has emerged as a renewable material with countless potential applications in materials science and engineering (1). Its anisotropy and excellent mechanical properties, together with its biocompatibility and tunable surface chemistry, have made cellulose-based nanomaterials a cornerstone in a new generation of sustainable materials from biomass. Accordingly, extensive experimental efforts, assisted by multiscale modeling techniques, have been devoted to better understand structure–property relationships of nanocellulose materials (2). In PNAS, Molnar et al. (3) provide a molecular dynamics study on the atomic deformation mechanisms of cellulose crystals under different loading conditions to expand our fundamental knowledge on the mechanical properties of these nanocrystals, which is essential to truly unlock the potential of cellulose-based nanomaterials in engineering applications. The complex structure of cellulose crystals at the nanoscale influences the properties of cellulose materials at the macroscale level; therefore, fundamental understanding of nanoscale mechanisms through multiscale modeling provides guidelines for the bottom-up design of cellulose-based nanomaterials, based on structure–property relationships and future modification and shaping of cellulose (4) (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. ( Right ) Schematic representation of the hierarchical structure of lignocellulose biomass down to cellulose nanocrystals. ( Left ) Diagram shows how the atomistic model of cellulose nanocrystals is the starting point for the bottom-up design of cellulose-based nanomaterials. Cellulose chains self-assemble into helicoidally oriented fibrils that organize themselves into structures of higher order, resulting in a layered arrangement. This self-assembled structure resembles those observed in collagen, … [↵][1]1Email: fmartinm{at}mit.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
An integrative approach to measurement: focus groups as a survey pretest

This article brings the integrative mixed-methods approach into the discussion on measurement, description, and conceptualization. Specifically, it examines one fruitful combination that has received scant attention: that of focus groups and surveys. It shows that focus groups, as a survey pretest, improve the measurement validity of survey instruments in two ways. First, they are useful for contextualizing concepts, making them more comparable across space and time. Second, they are essential for operationalizing phenomena whose meaning is constituted via social processes. To demonstrate the utility of focus groups for survey work, the research note relies on existing empirical studies. Overall, it demonstrates the utility of an integrative, mixed-methods approach for conceptualization and measurement.
Using patient satisfaction to predict readmissions in cancer patients.

e18870Background: Thirty-day unplanned readmissions are a fundamental indicator of hospital quality. Current models used to predict readmissions perform poorly in cancer patients. We explored how p...
A multi-wave test of self-affirmation versus emotionally expressive writing

Testing self-affirmation writing against well-established alternatives is an important step in validating self-affirmation writing as an empirically informed clinical exercise. Therefore, this mult...
Agnotology, Gender, and Engineering: An Emergent Typology

This article explores agnotology and ways of not knowing in the context of gender in engineering. It presents an empirically-emergent, three-part typology of ways of not knowing about gender based ...
Boundedness of solutions for a second order differential equation with causal operators

This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the second order functional differential equation \begin{equation}\label{e1}\ddot x+(Lx)\dot x+{\rm grad}\,F(x)=f(t),\end{equation}on the half-axis $R_+=[0,\9)$, with special concern on the boundedness of its solutions. Condition are provided on the data, such that all the solutions of (1) are defined on the whole $R_+$, together with their first derivatives. The basic local existence result is available in [4].