cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Global Insight into RNA Regulation

Systematic dissection of the activity of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) has begun to yield global insight into how they work. The paradigm we have used has been the study of Nova, a neuron-specific RBP targeted in an autoimmune neurologic disorder associated with cancer. We have developed a combination of biochemical, genetic, and bioinformatic methods to generate a global understanding of Nova’s role as a splicing regulator. Genome-wide identification and validation of Nova target RNAs have yielded unexpected insights into the protein’s mechanism of action, its role in neurobiology, and the unique roles RBPs have in the biology of the neuronal synapse. These studies provide us with a paradigm for understanding the role of RBPs in neurons and in disease and, more generally, with the hope that it will be feasible to develop a comprehensive understanding of posttranscriptional regulation.
Currency crises and foreign reserves : a simple model

This paper addresses the important question of how far a government will run down its stock of foreign reserves in a defense of a fixed exchange rate. An optimizing model of currency crisis is presented in which the decision of whether or not to borrow in a defense of a peg is explicitly analyzed. The threshold level of reserves is then determined endogenously and shown to be a function of fundamental economic variables. The analysis also demonstrates how an increase in the level of reserves, a credit-rating upgrade, or the imposition of capital controls can remove the multiplicity of equilibria.
X-ray study of phases and structures in − 4 3 He solid solutions

X-ray diffraction has been used to study structural and thermodynamic aspects of isotopic phase separation in solid mixtures of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The phase-separation process has been followed in crystals of 51%, 28%, and 12% $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and melting pressures between 3.0 and 6.1 MPa. The phase-separation temperatures determined in this work on massive crystals are in general agreement with previous work using other techniques. The pressure dependence of ${T}_{c}$, the highest temperature on the coexistence curve, is found to be linear: ${\mathrm{dT}}_{c}$/dP=-34 mdeg/MPa. The resulting molar volume of mixing is ${v}^{E}$=-0.54x(1-x) ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Deviation from regular solution behavior, reported in the literature, while possible, is not confirmed. The results of these x-ray measurements also yield detailed structural information which modifies previous understanding of the low-temperature, low-pressure phase diagram of helium isotopic mixtures.
Myocardial Infarction Complicating Cardiovascular Stress Testing with Normal Coronary Arteriography

A patient with normal coronary arteriography who experienced a non-Q myocardial infarction is described. The temporal relationship of ischemic symptoms, ECG changes, and rise in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) support a relationship to an exercise treadmill test. (Chest 1989; 96:431–32)
Twenty-Five Years of Self-Efficacy in Career Assessment and Practice.

In this article, the ways in which self-efficacy has influenced career assessment and practice during the past 25 years are explored. Focus is on research describing or evaluating specific theory-based interventions or programs with particular attention to experimental, quasi-experimental, and program evaluations studies published in refereed professional journals. Suggestions for further research and practice are given.
Transient film boiling from a moving sphere

Abstract An analytical model is developed to describe the sequence of transient events associated with a hot sphere moving in a cool liquid where a vapor blanket surrounds the sphere. Energy and momentum considerations of each of the coupled regions (the hot sphere, the vapor shell and the surrounding liquid coolant) provide the transient growth of the vapor-film thickness and the heat flux rate from the hot sphere. This phenomenon is closely associated with the interactions of hot molten materials and liquid coolants which may be an important factor in the vapor explosion phenomenon.
Postventriculotomy aneurysm in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Abstract Ventricular aneurysms developed in 3 of 25 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who underwent resection of hypertrophic muscle from the left ventricular outflow tract through a combined aortic and left ventricular approach. Two large aneurysms developed rapidly and were possibly attributable to interruption of coronary blood supply. A third smaller aneurysm was located intramurally; it has not produced complications over a 5 year period.
A high-level debugger for PL/I, Fortran and Basic

Dartmouth College has implemented a single debugger for several languages sharing a common runtime environment: PL/I, Basic and Fortran. The debugger is fairly powerful; users set breakpoints and traces which occur whenever the values of given variables change, or whenever certain relational expressions become true, for example. All debugging is carried on in a syntax similar to that of a high-level language. This debugger was implemented in about a month. It should be fairly easy to implement on most timesharing systems. This paper describes the debugger's user interface and gives a rough sketch of its implementation.
Fishing for success without rocking the boat: Value conflict and work control in a maritime context

This paper deals with the role of work control in managing tensions between communitarian social organization and individualistic values. It uses data from a peripheral maritime community, where communitarian control is emphasized above all else; yet work there is organized as petty entrepreneurship, with expressed values on individualism and the Protestant Ethic. The dominant community institution controlling work (the Methodist Church), the structure of the work place and social organization of labor, and the face-to-face transactions concerning work and rewards that have allowed these conflicting ideologies to coexist on a day-to-day basis are examined. For example, entrepreneurial success is controlled by informal communal and church pressures, which encourage watermen to produce at the same levels. Consumption is controlled by community norms and gossip so that people have basically the same possessions. These practices, along with work information control mechanisms, curtail tendencies to convert individual work outcomes into community status. They permit a sense of individual freedom and success in the work place yet at the same time control it so that equality and communitarianism predominate.
Some Remarks on the Wedge Paradox and Saint-Venant’s Principle

The solutions for the wedge loaded by a concentrated couple at its vertex, known as the Carothers Sternberg Koiter problem, are examined critically. The cause of the divergence are terms which are fundamental self equilibrated solutions with unbounded energy arising from the eigenvalues of the wedge and with exponent depending on the angle. The paradox occurs at the angle at which the term of the (angle independent exponent) 1/r 2 stress singularity is superseded by the next eigenvalue. These terms are conjectured to be the weight function of the wedge. These terms are conjectured to be the weight functions of the wedge.
A colorimetric method for the determination of mucopolysaccharides and other acidic polymers.

Abstract A colorimetric method for the estimation of small amounts (0.5 to 5 μg) of acidic polysaccharides has been developed using the shift in the visible absorption spectrum of a carbocyanine dye when it is bound to a polyanion. The limitations of the method including the evaluation of interfering substances have been investigated. The method has the advantages of simplicity and rapidity lacking in methods presently used for mucopolysaccharides and other acidic polysaccharides. The absorbance in the region between 600 and 650 mμ was found to be a linear function of the polyanion concentration.
Angiogenesis in primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract Objective: Our goal was to evaluate angiogenesis in the ovaries and omental metastases as a prognostic indicator in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Study design: Ovarian specimens of 42 consecutive patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma (stages I to IV) and omental metastases of 19 of these patients with stage IIIB or stage IIIC disease were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII–related antigen. Microvessel counts were tested for correlation with patient age, stage of disease, type of tumor, preoperative serum CA 125 level, tumor size, tumor resectability, patient survival, and omental microvessel counts. Statistical analysis included parametric (factorial analysis of variance) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) group comparison tests, parametric (Pearson) and nonparametric (Spearman) correlation tests, and parametric (Cox proportional hazards) and nonparametric (Kaplan-Meier) survival analysis with p Results: Microvessel counts of omental metastases in patients with stage IIIB or stage IIIC ovarian carcinoma were significantly correlated with preoperative serum CA 125 level ( p = 0.028) and patient survival ( p = 0.019). Microvessel counts of the ovaries examined were not correlated with patient age, stage of disease, type of tumor, preoperative serum CA 125 level, tumor size, tumor resectability, patient survival, or microvessel count of the corresponding omental metastases. Conclusion: Microvessel count of omental metastases is an independent prognostic indicator of survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma and correlates with preoperative serum CA 125 level.
Conversion of exogenous spermidine into putrescine after administration to rats

Administration of large, but non-toxic doses of spermidine (0.4-1.25 mmol/kg) led to a substantial increase in putrescine in liver, kidney and a number of other tissues including muscle. The increase in putrescine peaked at 6 h after treatment and was completely prevented by administration of cycloheximide 3 h after the spermidine suggesting that the induction of a new protein was required. This protein is likely to be spermidine N1-acetyltransferase which was induced by the treatment with spermidine and increased 3-4-fold in liver and kidney within 6 h. N1-Acetylspermidine was detected in tissues at this time after spermidine treatment and experiments in which labeled spermidine was given indicated that a substantial fraction of the administered spermidine was converted into N1-acetylspermidine and into putrescine. These results suggest that the rise in putrescine after spermidine treatment is brought about by the production of N1-acetylspermidine which is converted into putrescine by the action of polyamine oxidase. The limiting step in this conversion is the activity of the acetylase which is induced in response to the rise in spermidine content. The acetylase/oxidase pathway, therefore, provides a means by which polyamine levels can be regulated and excess polyamine disposed of.
Equivalence Between the S Matrix and Potential Formalism of K S − K L Decay

It is shown that an $S$ matrix for two overlapping resonances can always be written exactly in a form derivable from a potential theory of scattering. The overlap between resonant states and the matrix elements of a Hermitian potential are explicitly constructed in terms of the parameters of the given $S$ matrix.
Concurrent Simulation of Neuromuscular Control and Tissue Deformation is Possible by Adaptive Surrogate Modeling

Computational biomechanics has largely consisted of two distinct modeling domains, finite element (FE) analysis [1] and multi-body dynamics. Due to computational efficiency, muscle driven musculoskeletal models (or multi-body forward dynamic models) have been the primary method used in prediction of movement patterns [2]. FE methods, while computationally expensive, have the ability to yield important soft-tissue information such as stress [3] and coupling the two domains would yield more complete and useful simulations. Dynamic FE models have been successfully used for passive movement predictions but computational cost makes them unfeasible for movement optimization, where thousands of simulations may be required to find an optimal solution. Surrogate modeling is one possible approach to utilize a database of previous FE results to overcome the relatively high computational cost of FE simulations with different inputs. In general, surrogate modeling methods can be classified as global or local. Global methods fit a regression model to the complete set of input/output pairs whereas local methods include regression within a neighborhood of data points.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Finding the LAD during MIDCAB operations

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) is a new surgical procedure that revascularizes the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) without the need for a median sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass. This operation is performed through a small left anterior thoracotomy. With this exposure, it can be difficult to locate the left anterior descending coronary artery. We have identified anatomic features on the surface of the pericardium that can serve as a landmark for finding the left anterior descending coronary artery.
A portable pump sampler for lotic periphyton

A sampling technique for collecting lotic periphyton on sedimentary substrates using a peristaltic pump is described. Quantitative samples of periphyton standing crop and colonization rate are collected by the same procedure. The technique eliminates human disturbance problems associated with floating artificial samplers by establishing permanent sampling sites directly on submerged substances.
Silicon Nitride Membranes for Filtration and Separation

Semi-Permeable silicon nitride membranes have been developed using a Bosch etch process followed by a reactive ion etch (NE) process. These membranes were observed to allow air but not water to pass through them into surface micromachined, silicon nitride microfluidic channels. Membranes with this property have potential use in microfluidic systems as gas bubble traps and vents, filters to remove particles and gas partitioning membranes. Membrane permeation was measured as 1.6 x 10{sup {minus}8} mol/m{sup 2}Pa s of helium for inline membranes at the entrance and exit of the silicon nitride microfluidic channels.
Coral-associated marine fungi form novel lineages and heterogeneous assemblages

Coral stress tolerance is intricately tied to the animal’s association with microbial symbionts. The most well-known of these symbioses is that between corals and their dinoflagellate photobionts (Symbiodinium spp.), whose genotype indirectly affects whether a coral can survive cyclical and anthropogenic warming events. Fungi comprise a lesser-known coral symbiotic community whose taxonomy, stability and function is largely un-examined. To assess how fungal communities inside a coral host correlate with water temperature and the genotype of co-occurring Symbiodinium ,w e sampled Acropora hyacinthus coral colonies from adjacent natural pools with different water temperatures and Symbiodinium identities. Phylogenetic analysis of coral-associated fungal ribosomal DNA amplicons showed a high diversity of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, including several clades separated from known fungal taxa by long and well-supported branches. Community similarity did not correlate with any measured variables, and total fungal community composition was highly variable among A. hyacinthus coral colonies. Colonies in the warmer pool contained more phylogenetically diverse fungal communities than the colder pool and contained statistically significant ‘indicator’ species. Four taxa were present in all coral colonies sampled, and may represent obligate associates. Messenger RNA sequenced from a subset of these same colonies contained an abundance of transcripts involved in metabolism of complex biological molecules. Coincidence between the taxonomic diversity found in the DNA and RNA analysis indicates a metabolically active and diverse resident marine fungal community.
Strategic geography and strategic corporate challenges: a regiocentric perspective to the Middle East

Outlines the development of globalization and related research; and takes the Middle East as a basis for examining regionalization in more depth. Discusses the definition of boundaries in economic, geographic and political terms; the impact of various types of regional trade associations and trade and investment; and five factors affecting regionalization in the Middle East; peace, political will, economic compatibility, socio‐cultural similarity and geographical proximity. Considers the implications for the corporate strategy of multinationals, e.g. market segmentation, integration, strategic sourcing etc.
Acoustic Sensor With PVDF Micro-Pillars and Patterned Electrodes

This paper addresses the design and theoretical analysis of a new type of millimeter-size acoustic sensor that uses Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) micro-pillars and patterned electrodes. The sensor has the potential to achieve 100x the sensitivity of existing commercial sensors in combination with a dynamic range of 181dB and a frequency bandwidth of at least 100 kHz. A constrained optimization algorithm has been developed as a function of geometric parameters (sensor footprint, diameter and height of the micro-pillars, gap between pillar edges, number of pillars) and electrical parameters of the sensor and conditioning amplifier.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Temperate Coastal Marine Communities: Biodiversity and Threats

SYNOPSIS. Temperate marine ecosystems are some of the most productive and diverse of all ecosystems. Over the past century the resources contained within these communities have been subjected to gross mismanagement. They are continually subjected to threats from multiple stresses imposed mostly by human activities, predominantly as a result of increased population growth. The most significant categories of threats derive from: (1) habitat loss and degradation, (2) pollution from numerous sources including sewage, pesticides, pulp mills, thermal effluents, polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, oil and radionuclides, (3) overexploitation, (4) species introductions, (5) global climate change, (6) misguided human perceptions and (7) legal complexities. Furthermore, because subtidal and offshore coastal marine communities are not easily observed, their deterioration often goes mostly unnoticed. Impacts from stresses on coastal marine communities are manifested at the individual species level, but magnify in effect throughout the entire ecosystem because of complex inter-connected relationships between species at different trophic levels, including interactions such as predation, competition and mutualism. Therefore, one missing species or group of species that may be affected by some particular local pollutant, for example, may have unpredictable direct or indirect consequences through secondary effects on the ecosystem, possibly leading to the loss of a few to many species. Rather than striving to maintain some specific level of diversity, we should endeavor to understand the basic ecological processes that control populations, communities and ecosystems so we can best predict what kinds of stresses will cause the most serious alterations to the system and avoid them. In addition, we should be conservative about protecting systems even before we understand the processes fully.
Petrographic studies of refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite

Textural and mineral-chemical data on freeze-thaw disaggregated refractory inclusions from the Murchison meteorite are reported. The data were obtained with neutron activation analysis, SEM, and spectroscopy, the study revealed corundum-bearing inclusions, spinel-hibonite aggregates and spherules, and spinel-pyroxene and elivine-pyroxene inclusions. One of the three spinel-, pyroxene-, forsterite-rich inclusions had an amoeba-shaped spinel-pyroxene core, implying vapor-to-solid condensation and therefore crystallization from a melt. It is concluded that the meteorite formation encompassed diverse nebular materials, and that further studies of the meteorite will enhance the data base on the planetary nebular processes.
Fundamental water and salt transport properties of polymeric materials

Abstract Fundamental water and salt transport properties of polymers are critical for applications such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) that require controlled water and salt transport. Key developments in the field of water and salt transport in polymer membranes are reviewed, and a survey of polymers considered for such applications is provided. Many polymers considered for such applications contain charged functional groups, such as sulfonate groups, that can dissociate in the presence of water. Water and ion transport data from the literature are reviewed to highlight the similarities and differences between charged and uncharged polymers. Additionally, the influence of other polymer structure characteristics, such as cross-linking and morphology in phase separated systems, on water and salt transport properties is discussed. The role of free volume on water and salt transport properties is discussed. The solution–diffusion model, which describes the transport of water and ions in nonporous polymers, is used as a framework for discussing structure/property relations in polymers related to water and salt transport properties. Areas where current knowledge is limited and opportunities for further research are also noted.
Affection for Patients as a Factor in Therapists' Outcome Judgments.

This study was concerned with psychotherapists' evaluations of the outcome of therapy. Staff and resident psychiatrists employed in 23-item questionnaire to rate the seccess of psychotherapy with 85 of their inpatients. These were patients for whom psychotherapy constituted a significant part of the treatment that they received in the hospital. The therapists' responses to the questionnaire items were intercorrelated. The results indicated that a major aspect of a psychotherapist's judgment of the success of treatment-as these judgments usually are employed in current psychotherapy research-is the therapist's affective reaction to the patient, Better-liked patients were viewed as having improved more. However, when the therapists' responses were subjected to factor analysis, independent Improvement and Affection factors emerged. It is suggested that when therapists' ratings of success are used in psychotherapy research they should be treated or refined statistically to minimize potential confounding with their affection for patients.
Epi-fluorescence micromorphology of saprolite reveals evidence for colloid retention in microscale pore systems

Abstract Transport and retention of colloid tracers were evaluated in standard petrographic thin sections, prepared from saprolite (Cr horizons) formed from fractured sedimentary rocks, using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Thin sections prepared from dismantled hydrogeological columns revealed four domains of macropores with apparent apertures ranging from 1 to 500 μm. Colloid retention occurred within both bedding-parallel (BP) fracture macropores and within sets of orthogonal (O), bedding-perpendicular fracture macropores. Fracture macropores were generally partially occluded by illuviated clay coatings and had apertures of at least 5–10 μm, although some macropores were completely infilled with clay. Patchy retention of colloid particles also occurred in association with root pores, which ranged from 50 μm to 3 mm in diameter. Very little colloid retention occurred within the matrix of shale saprolite, and only within 1–2 mm distance from conductive fracture macropores. Sparse colloid retention also occurred in intergranular pores of the sandstone saprolite lithology, and only within 0.5 mm of open fracture macropores. Colloid retention did not occur within BP and O fracture macropores completely infilled by pedogenic clay or Fe/Mn oxides, nor in sandstone saprolite containing extensive pedogenic clay or Fe/Mn oxide secondary pore-fillings. This study demonstrates that epi-fluorescence microscopy is an inexpensive means of investigating colloid retention in macropore systems in saprolite, and compliments visual inspection of experimental columns of soil and saprolite material.
Stereochemical selectivity of methanandamides for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and their metabolic stability.

Abstract Several chiral, analogues of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), methylated at the 2,1′ and 2′ positions using asymmetric synthesis were evaluated in order to study (a) stereoselectivity of binding to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors; and (b) metabolic stability with regard to anandamide amidase. Enantiomerically pure 2-methyl arachidonic acids were synthesized through diastereoselective methylation of the respective chiral 2-oxazolidinone enolate derivatives and CB1 and CB2 receptor affinities of the resulting chiral anandamides were evaluated using a standard receptor binding assay. Introduction of a single 2-methyl group increased affinity for CB1, led to limited enantioselectivity and only modestly improved metabolic stability. However, a high degree of enantio- and diastereoselectivity was observed for the 2,1′-dimethyl analogues. ( R )- N -(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-( R )-methyl-arachidonamide ( 4 ) exhibited the highest CB1 receptor affinity in this series with a K i of 7.42 nM, an at least 10-fold improvement on anandamide ( K i =78.2 nM). The introduction of two methyl groups at the 2-position of anandamide led to no change in affinity for CB1 but somewhat enhanced metabolic stability. Conversely, chiral headgroup methylation in the 2- gem -dimethyl series led to chiral analogues possessing a wide range of CB1 affinities. Of these the ( S )-2,2,2′-trimethyl analogue ( 12 ) had the highest affinity for CB1 almost equal to that of anandamide. In agreement with our previous anandamide structure–activity relationship work, the analogues in this study showed high selectivity for the CB1 receptor over CB2. The results are evaluated in terms of stereochemical factors affecting the ligand's affinity for CB1 using receptor-essential volume mapping as an aid. Based on the results, a partial CB1 receptor site model is proposed, that bears two hydrophobic pockets capable of accommodating 1′- and 2-methyl groups
Study of Superhydrophobic Electrospun Nanocomposite Fibers for Energy Systems

Polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers incorporated into TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene nanoflakes were fabricated by an electrospinning technique, and then the surface morphology and superhydrophobicity of these electrospun nanocomposite fibers were investigated. Results indicated that the water contact angle of the nanocomposite fiber surfaces increases to 178°on the basis of the fiber diameter, material type, nanoscale inclusion, heat treatment, and surface porosity/roughness. This is a result of the formation of the Cassie−Baxter state in the fibers via the nanoparticle decoration, bead formation, and surface energy of the nanofiber surface. Consequently, these superhydrophobic nanocomposite fibers can be utilized in designing photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as self-cleaning and anti-icing materials for the long-term efficiency of the cells.
Handedness and sexual orientation.

Surveys of handedness distribution (i.e., the distribution across handedness categories in large samples, typically based upon self-reported right-, mixed- and left-handed classification) indicate approximately 90% of the population is right-handed (Springer & Deutsch, 1989). This distribution toward right-handedness has been called right shift based on a genetic model (Annett, 1985). The present study examined possible handedness distribution differences between 141 gay, lesbian, and bisexuals and 260 heterosexuals who have a homosexual/bisexual first-degree (biological) relative. Based on a five-category self-assessment handedness questionnaire that was validated using Briggs and Nebes' (1975) reformulation of Annett's inventory (1970), non-heterosexuals showed a reduction of right shift compared to heterosexuals (i.e., a population shift toward mixed- and left-handedness), confirming the results of Lindesay (1987) and Becker et al., (1989). Sexual orientation also weakly predicted handedness. The findings indirectly support the hypothesis of Geschwind and Galaburda (1985a, 1985b) that sexual orientation and handedness may be linked, both possibly influenced prenatally by testosterone. The discussion emphasizes (a) the meaninglessness in distinguishing genetic from hormonal influences and (b) non-heterosexually biased assumptions about human sexuality.
Combined GH and LHRH Analog Treatment Can Increase Pubertal Growth in Short Children

To improve the final height of short children who enter puberty at short stature, twenty-one boys who entered puberty shorter than 130 cm and twelve girls who entered puberty shorter than 125 cm were treated with a combination of GH and LHRH analog. Combined GST and GH treatment was started in boys and girls at a mean age of 11.78 (±0.82) years and 10.54 (±1.08) years, mean height of 130.0 (±4.4) cm and 122.6 (±3.2) cm, and mean height SD of -2.34 (±0.61) SD and -2.78 (±0.99) SD respectively. During the combination treatment, bone age decelerated after a bone age of 11.5 years in boys and 10 years in girls, and height velocity did not decelerate but remained at from 3 cm/year to 5 cm/year for a longer period. As a consequence of the treatment, the height SD score for bone age increased significantly. Seven boys and six girls discontinued LHRH analog treatment when the mean age was 17.11 (±1.15) years after a mean treatment period of 4.96 (±1.37) years for boys and when the mean age was 13.89 (±1.79) years after a mean treatment period of 3.21 (±1.52) years for girls. The mean height was 155.1 (±3.1) cm for boys and 143.3 (±3.0) cm for girls and their predicted adult height was 169.8 (±2.5) cm for boys and 155.8 (±3.1) cm for girls at the cessation of the combination treatment. All except one girl in our study will have achieved greater than the standard height gain during puberty. Although combined GH and LHRH analog treatment can improve the final height of short children by increasing pubertal height gain, the combination treatment seems more effective in boys than in girls.
A non‐parametric model for transcription factor binding sites

We introduce a non-parametric representation of transcription factor binding sites which can model arbitrary dependencies between positions. As two parameters are varied, this representation smoothly interpolates between the empirical distribution of binding sites and the standard position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM). In a test of generalization to unseen binding sites using 10-fold cross-validation on known binding sites for 95 TRANSFAC transcription factors, this representation outperforms PSSMs on between 65 and 89 of the 95 transcription factors, depending on the choice of the two adjustable parameters. We also discuss how the non- parametric representation may be incorporated into frameworks for finding binding sites given only a collection of unaligned promoter regions.
The electrophoretic mobility of somatic cell hybrids.

Nous avons compare e comportement electrocinetique des cellules hybrides des fibroblastes diploides de la peau humaine et aneuploide d'une souris ou d'un hamster avec celui des cellules de leurs lignees. Les resultats montrent que les changements significatifs observes dans les proprietes electrocinetiques des hybrides interspecifiques ne peuvent pas etre dus a la presence de quelques chromosomes humains dans le genome hybride.
Pregnancy-induced pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow: Distinctive hematologic features

Three patients with pregnancy-induced pancytopenia also exhibited variable features of sideroblastic anemia and amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin proved highly effective in two cases and a spontaneous remission occurred in the third. This illness is distinct from the more commonly reported incidental association of pregnancy with classic aplastic anemia. Its differentiation from myelodysplasia is also emphasized.
Circuit styles and strategies for CMOS VLSI design on SOI

This paper reviews specific circuit styles and strategies employed in the design of CMOS VLSI on partially-depleted (PD) SOI. These strategies address issues and problems that arise on PD SOI circuits (mainly due to the floating-body effect) such as delay hysteresis, noise margin reduction, etc. These circuit approaches also try to utilize SOI-specific properties to achieve a larger performance gain than that of a simple re-map of a bulk design to SOI. Although many aspects of CMOS design pertaining to SOI are covered, the emphasis is on dynamic and static circuits and high-performance SRAMs.
Human Liberation: Workplace Reform as the Next Step in Social Evolution

Human liberation requires an affluent, egalitarian, and democratic society in which man is free from domination by nature's caprice and, in all spheres of life, free from domination by other men. The industrial revolution and technological advances of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries held great promise for human liberation. The burden of toil and drudgery and the domination of man by nature's caprice began lifting in Europe and in some of her colonies. Human safety and security came within reach because poverty was being eliminated. Liberation on the material plane was at hand. However, at the closing of the twentieth century, the liberation process has been slowed down, if not thwarted. In most of the third world, not even the burden of toil and drudgery and the domination of man by a capricious nature have been lifted. In the affluent United States, on the other hand, material security and safety is widespread, but it still does not reach the lowest stratum. Domination by nature through human poverty continues in the affluent West even though it could be eliminated. Nevertheless, in the West, domination by nature is no longer an insurmountable physical datum.
Potential benefits of expressive writing for male college students with varying degrees of restrictive emotionality.

The current study examined the potential psychosocial benefits of writing about one’s ideal emotional connectedness with a romantic partner for male college students with varying levels of restrictive emotionality. One hundred fifty-eight male college students were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control writing condition. Experimental participants wrote for 20 minutes each day for 3 days about how their lives would be different if they had the best possible emotional connectedness with a romantic partner, whereas controls wrote about impersonal topics. Four weeks after the writing intervention, experimental participants reported a significantly greater decrease in psychological distress as contrasted with controls. A multiple regression analysis further revealed that men’s restrictive emotionality was negatively associated with being in a romantic relationship and with positive relations with others.
A three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data

An approach has been developed that involves the fit of a combination of three simple scattering mechanisms to polarimetric SAR observations. The mechanisms are canopy scatter from a cloud of randomly oriented dipoles, evenor double-bounce scatter from a pair of orthogonal surfaces with different dielectric constants and Bragg scatter from a moderately rough surface. This composite scattering model is used to describe the polarimetric backscatter from naturally occurring scatterers. The model is shown to describe the behavior of polarimetric backscatter from tropical rain forests quite well by applying it to data from NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPLs) airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (AIRSAR) system. The model fit allows clear discrimination between flooded and nonflooded forest and between forested and deforested areas, for example. The model is also shown to be usable as a predictive tool to estimate the effects of forest inundation and disturbance on the fully polarimetric radar signature. An advantage of this model fit approach is that the scattering contributions from the three basic scattering mechanisms can be estimated for clusters of pixels in polarimetric SAR images. Furthermore, it is shown that the contributions of the three scattering mechanisms to the HH, HV, and VV backscatter can be calculated from the model fit. Finally, this model fit approach is justified as a simplification of more complicated scattering models, which require many inputs to solve the forward scattering problem.
Structural Methods in the Solution of Variational Inequalities

This paper shows how to apply the recently-proposed tool of composition duality, together with exploitation of features such as block structure, to simplify the solution of variational inequalities. As a byproduct of this approach we recover as special cases a number of known methods, including the Schur complement and the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula for inverting perturbed matrices.
Mechanisms of Neural Adaptation in a Cortically Controlled Directional Task

This study emanates from the desire to understand changes in neural signals observed when rats used a brain machine interface (BMI) to control a directional task. In this system, firing rates were estimated from several (8-10) motor cortical neurons at several consecutive time points. These firing rates were concatenated to form a neural activity vector (NAV). The NAV was used as input to a previously trained support vector machine (SVM). The decision function value obtained from the SVM was then used to determine which relay should be activated to replace paddle pressing signals for the task. Animals were able to do this immediately and significant changes in behavior and neural activity arose in a single, 45 minute, experimental session. Neural data from several subjects was examined for changes from the calibration phase to the late cortically controlled phase. These differences offer insight into how the rats and their SVMs collaborated to create a usable interface.
Laboratory observations of shear-layer instability in a stratified fluid

Instability and transition to turbulence is studied in a shear layer between two streams of different salinities and velocities. The viscous layer between the two streams is 15–18 times thicker than the diffusion layer. When the initial layer Richardson number is low, the instability organizes the shear-layer vorticity into discrete lumps as in the homogeneous case. Here the similarity ends. The homogeneous shear layer continues to grow by the combination of neighboring vertical lumps (vortex pairing). In the stratified shear layer, the pairing process is stopped completely, and the vorticity is redistributed along the interface. This redistribution generates interfacial waves. The interfacial waves and the residual turbulence eventually decay, and the shear flow approaches a laminar state.
100-W+ diode laser bars show > 71% power conversion from 790-nm to 1000-nm and have clear route to > 85%

Focused development under the DARPA SHEDs program has lead to extremely high power conversion efficiency in the 9xx-nm wavelength band, leading to bars with efficiency in excess of 74%. We review progress in advancing efficiency and detail the route to > 85% at room temperature. The 9xx-nm wavelength band is commercially used for pumping Ytterbium-doped solid-state crystals and fiber lasers - only one of many diode laser markets. Fortunately, the lessons learned under SHEDs are transferable to other wavelengths. We report breakthrough efficiency results in the 8xx-nm band, for example showing 71% power conversion efficiency from 790-nm bars at powers > 100-W for CW and QCW packaging and testing. These wavelengths are required for pumping Neodymium-doped crystals, as used in the majority of fielded high power Diode Pumped Solid-State Laser systems. High efficiency is delivered using low voltage SHEDs designs, in combination with work to optimize the performance of the quantum well.
Determining System and Subsystem Availability Requirements: Resource Planning and Evaluation

When using an availability centered plan, a design develops that most appropriately matches the requirements of the facility, maximizing the effectiveness of resources. An availability centered plan serves to recognize subsystems that have specialized needs - needs that are unique from the remainder of the facility. In so doing, resources can be applied only where necessary, helping to optimize and prioritize the designs.
A convergence proof for a hyperstable adaptive recursive filter (Corresp.)

Hyperstability, a concept from nonlinear stability theory, is used to develop a real-time adaptive recursive filter useful in a nonstationary environment.
Recreation of the terminal events in physiological integrin activation

Increased affinity of integrins for the extracellular matrix (activation) regulates cell adhesion and migration, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanotransduction. Major uncertainties concern the sufficiency of talin for activation, whether conformational change without clustering leads to activation, and whether mechanical force is required for molecular extension. Here, we reconstructed physiological integrin activation in vitro and used cellular, biochemical, biophysical, and ultrastructural analyses to show that talin binding is sufficient to activate integrin αIIbβ3. Furthermore, we synthesized nanodiscs, each bearing a single lipid-embedded integrin, and used them to show that talin activates unclustered integrins leading to molecular extension in the absence of force or other membrane proteins. Thus, we provide the first proof that talin binding is sufficient to activate and extend membrane-embedded integrin αIIbβ3, thereby resolving numerous controversies and enabling molecular analysis of reconstructed integrin signaling.
An Exploration of Social Desirability Bias in Measurement of Attitudes toward Breastfeeding in Public

Background:Measurement of attitudes toward breastfeeding has been based on self-report, which may be subject to social desirability. Increasing the perceived anonymity of questionnaires may reduce ...
Effect of ifetroban, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of chronic therapy with the potent and long-acting thromboxane (TX) A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide (TP) receptor antagonist, ifetroban, on hypertension development and the incidence of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP instrumented with radiotelemetry probes, for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure, were given 1% NaCl to drink and Stroke-Prone Rodent Diet and were chronically treated with ifetroban (20 mg/kg/day, n=l0) or vehicle (n=12) starting at 16.5 weeks of age. Ifetroban did not affect blood pressure or the development of proteinuria and cerebrovascular lesions, Chronic administration of a higher dose ifetroban (40mg/kg/day) starting at 7 weeks of age was also without effect on blood pressure and stroke in noninstrumented saline-drinking SHRSP. These results do not support a major role for TXA, and its endoperoxide precursors in the elevation of blood pressure and the development of cerebrovascular les...
The kinetics of condensation polymerization

The final stages of condensation polymerization are characterized by a rapid rise in molecular weight, as the condensation product is formed and diffuses out of the polymer. The process occurring is one of desorption accompanied by a chemical reaction. The penetration theory equations for a generalized condensation polymerization reaction have been solved and some solutions are presented. The penetration theory solution, obtained by finite-difference computations, is compared with an analytical solution for the special case of no diffusional resistance.
Linear universal decoding for compound channels: an Euclidean Geometric Approach

On a discrete memoryless channel (DMC), the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding rule is not only optimal (for equiprobable messages and average error probability), but it is also linear (the metric that it maximizes is additive over the block length), which in particular, makes ML practically conceivable. On a compound DMC, the use of ML is ruled out by the channelpsilas law ignorance. In order to account for this, the universal decoders proposed in (Feder et al., 1998) can be employed. However, none of these decoders is linear. Hence, we consider the problem of finding good linear decoders for compound DMCpsilas. We show that on most compound sets, when universality requires to be capacity achieving, there exists a universal decoding rule which is generalized linear, in the sense that it maximizes only a finite number of additive metrics. A local to global geometric method is developed to solve this problem. By considering very noisy channels, the global problem is reduced, in the limit, to an inner product space problem, for which insightful solutions can be found. We describe a heuristic method used, in this problem, to ldquoliftrdquo local results to global results.
A patterned illumination and phase integration imaging method for high-glossy surface evaluation

Visual and optical measurement and evaluation technologies are highly required in quality control of painting and final coating process. We propose a novel approach to evaluate the appearance quality of high glossy surface object. To image the surface roughness, by which the object looks like orange peel, we employ a patterned illumination with phase shifting. The object can be exposed to various illumination conditions according to the phase of pattern lighting. By ac hieving a series of images and analyzing the phase, an image can be synthesized as specific phase selectively. The grade of su rface quality in terms of orange peel is then evaluated based on a specific phase. We have conducted evaluation tests on sample pr oducts, which show the usability of the proposed method.
Lhx6 and Lhx8 Coordinately Induce Neuronal Expression of Shh that Controls the Generation of Interneuron Progenitors

SUMMARY Lhx6 and Lhx8 transcription factor coexpression in early-born MGE neurons is required to induce neuronal Shh expression. We provide evidence that these transcription factors regulate expression of a Shh enhancer in MGE neurons. Lhx6 and Lhx8 are also required to prevent Nkx2-1 expression in a subset of pallial interneurons. Shh function in earlyborn MGE neurons was determined by genetically eliminating Shh expression in the MGE mantle zone (MZ). This mutant had reduced SHH signaling in the overlying progenitor zone, which led to reduced Lhx6, Lhx8, and Nkx2-1 expression in the rostrodorsal MGE and a preferential reduction of late-born somatostatin + and parvalbumin + cortical interneurons. Thus, Lhx6 and Lhx8 regulate MGE development through autonomous and nonautonomous mechanisms, the latter by promoting Shh expression in MGE neurons, which in turn feeds forward to promote the developmental program of the rostrodorsal MGE.