cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design, Construction, and Field Testing of an Autonomous Surface Craft for Engineering and Science Education

This authentic multidisciplinary engineering project worked to develop an Autonomous Surface Craft (ASC) as a platform for scientific field research. The project served as a hands-on educational experience involving in-house design and fabrication and in-the-field operation. This sort of immersive engineering experience exemplifies Olin College's approach to engineering education. This project, focused around marine technology, is particularly effective for interdisciplinary undergraduate education. In addition, the engineering project stands within the larger context of marine studies and oceanography, making it more than just a pure engineering exercise. The goal of the project was to design, build, and field operate a surface vehicle capable of completing autonomous surveys, operated by small scientific teams without the use of specialized equipment. A student team designed the vehicle to carry a wide range of payloads both in terms of weight and power requirements. The team also strove to maximize the educational experience for the design team whenever practical. This goal led to custom construction, specific characterization laboratory experiments, and in-house software components. We present the final prototype, analytical laboratory results, and field data from multiple trials. These results illustrate how the design meets, and in some cases exceeds, the aforementioned design requirements. While this project is still very much a work in progress, the past year's work has already shown a positive impact on the undergraduate students involved. This sort of authentic engineering project focused in marine technology is ideal for undergraduate engineering students looking to learn by doing and gain valuable experience.
Electrospray tandem quadrupole fragmentation of quinolone drugs and related ions. On the reversibility of water loss from protonated molecules

Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of quinolone drugs showed different sensitivities in aqueous solution vs. biological extract. The authors suggested formation of two singly protonated molecules with different behavior, one undergoing loss of H2O and the other loss of CO2, so that SRM transitions might depend on the ratios of these forms generated by the electrospray. These surprising results prompted us to re-examine several quinolone drugs and some simpler compounds to further elucidate the mechanisms. We find that the relative contributions of loss of H2O vs. loss of CO2 in tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experiments depend not only on molecular structure and collision energy, but also, in certain cases, on the cone voltage. We further find that many product ions formed by loss of H2O can reattach a water molecule in the collision cell, whereas ions formed by loss of CO2 do not. Since reattachment of H2O can occur after water loss in the cone region and prior to selection of the precursor ion, this effect leads to the dependence of MS/MS spectra on the cone voltage used in creating the precursor ion, which explains the formerly observed effect on SRM ratios. Our results support the earlier conclusion that varying amounts of two ions of the same m/z value are responsible for problems in the analysis of these drugs, but the origin is in dehydration/rehydration reactions. Thus, SRM transitions for certain complex compounds may be comparable only when monitored under equivalent ion-forming conditions, including the voltage used in the production of the protonated molecules in the electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnt5a Control of Cell Polarity and Directional Movement by Polarized Redistribution of Adhesion Receptors

Mechanisms by which Wnt pathways integrate the organization of receptors, organelles, and cytoskeletal proteins to confer cell polarity and directional cell movement are incompletely understood. We show that acute responses to Wnt5a involve recruitment of actin, myosin IIB, Frizzled 3, and melanoma cell adhesion molecule into an intracellular structure in a melanoma cell line. In the presence of a chemokine gradient, this Wnt-mediated receptor-actin-myosin polarity (W-RAMP) structure accumulates asymmetrically at the cell periphery, where it triggers membrane contractility and nuclear movement in the direction of membrane retraction. The process requires endosome trafficking, is associated with multivesicular bodies, and is regulated by Wnt5a through the small guanosine triphosphatases Rab4 and RhoB. Thus, cell-autonomous mechanisms allow Wnt5a to control cell orientation, polarity, and directional movement in response to positional cues from chemokine gradients.
DSatz: a directional SAT solver for planning

SAT-based planners have been characterized as disjunctive planners that maintain a compact representation of search space of action sequences. Several ideas from refinement planners (conjunctive planners) have been used to improve performance of SAT-based planners or get a better understanding of planning as SAT One important lesson from refinement planning is that backward search being goal directed can be more efficient than forward search. Another lesson is that bidirectional search is generally not efficient. This is because the forward and backward searches can miss each other Though effect of direction of plan refinement (forward, backward, bidirectional etc.) on efficiency of plan synthesis has been deeply investigated in refinement planning, the effect of directional solving of SAT encodings is not investigated in depth. We solved several propositional encodings of benchmark planning problems with a modified form (DSatz) of the systematic SAT solver Satz. DSatz offers 21 options for solving a SAT encoding of a planning problem, where the options are about assigning truth values to action and/or fluent variables in forward or backward or both directions, in an intermittent or non-intermittent style. Our investigation shows that backward search on plan encodings (assigning values to fluent variables first, starting with goal) is very inferior We also show bidirectional solving options and forward solving options turn out to be far more efficient than other solving options. Our empirical results show that the efficient systematic solver Satz which exploits variable dependencies call be significantly enhanced with use of our variable ordering heuristics which are also computationally very cheap to apply. Our main results are that directionality does matter in solving SAT encodings of planning problems and that certain directional solving options are superior to others.
Selection Pressures* on Special Education Teacher Preparation: Issues Shaping Our Future

In this introduction to the special issue on evolving changes in our field, we have intentionally chosen to use the power of a vastly different metaphor to promote deep reflection. Specifically, we...
Pharmacologic prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Present and future

Abstract Despite extensive research over the past 2 decades, effective prevention of post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) using pharmacologic agents has been elusive. Recently, research that is focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has provided renewed hope by demonstrating that a medication can indeed prevent PEP. Today, based on high-quality clinical trial data, rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be recommended for preventing PEP in high-risk cases,and given the highly favorable risk and cost-benefit ratios, they should be considered for all patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Ongoing research will define the optimal dose of rectal indomethacin and whether this medication can eliminate the need for prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in high-risk cases. Additional research is necessary to define the role of other promising pharmacologic agents in clinical practice.
Multi-Degree of Freedom Tuning Fork Gyroscope Demonstrating Shock Rejection

This paper presents a z-axis MEMS tuning fork rate gyroscope with multi-degree of freedom (DOF) sense modes designed to provide structural robustness to environmental drifts. This concept combines the temperature robustness of multi-DOF sense modes with the common mode rejection capabilities of tuning fork architectures. The device consists of an antiphase actuated 2-DOF drive mode where each drive mass contains a 2-DOF sense mode, thus forming an overall 6-DOF mechanical system. The flat gain region of the 2-DOF sense mode provides immunity to both environmental variations and fabrication imperfections, while the anti-phase forcing of the drive mode induces an anti-phase Coriolis response allowing for the cancellation of common mode inputs such as ambient vibrations. Impulse responses were used to characterize the effect of acceleration loads on the device where a differential signal resulted in 14 dB of reduction in amplitude versus a single output.
R&D challenges and emerging solutions for multicore deployment/configuration optimization

Emerging trends and opportunities. The most recent trends in distributed real-time and embedded systems (DRE) development have begun decoupling software from the underlying hardware. For example, the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) provides a standard operating environment that allows software to be ported across hardware platforms. The AUTOSAR standard is an open standardization effort developed by 35 different automobile manufacturers, tool vendors, and suppliers that provides standardized hardware abstractions and software interfaces that allow software functionality to be moved between automotive ECUs with minimal effort. The same decoupling has also taken place in other domains, such as the aeronautics industry. Leveraging this decoupling to optimize deployment and configuration is a critical concern in DRE systems that run on multicore processors. Current processors are increasing performance by adding processing cores rather than increasing clock speed. To reap the benefits of leveraging additional cores, the deployment topology must be carefully optimized to ensure that the software is distributed across cores in a manner that maximizes performance. For example, if a deployment topology can be found that uses fewer processors in a flight avionics system, each pound of processor savings results in $200 in decreased fuel costs and a decrease in greenhouse gas production from less burned fuel [9]. In
Dynamics of liquid agitation in the absence of an air-liquid interface

The dynamics of agitating single- and two-phase liquid mixtures in the absence of an air-liquid interface was compared with that of similar systems with an interface. Two geometrically similar cylindrical vessels, 12 and 18 in. in diameter respectively, were used, each fitted with a similar six-bladed, disk-turbine impeller. New general correlation curves of power number with Reynolds number are presented which show that elimination of the air-liquid interface makes it possible to attain dynamic similarity in scale-up in unbaffled vessels but makes little difference in baffled vessels.
Technical Performance and Clinical Relevance: Lessons from the GAMUT Study

There is an increasing interest in combining information, measurement, and communication technologies into systems for distributed diagnosis and home healthcare. The developer of such systems, however, quickly discovers that technical performance is of little importance by itself, without any reference to clinical relevance. This paper presents some of the lessons learned in the course of a medical device study set to resolve the problem of tuning technical performance (accuracy) to clinical relevance (adequacy) in designing measurement devices for health care purposes.
The role of alcohol misuse in PTSD outcomes for women in community treatment: A secondary analysis of NIDA's Women and Trauma Study

Background Individuals with comorbid substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder may differentially benefit from integrated trauma-focused interventions based on specific presenting characteristics such as substance use type and PTSD severity. The current study is a secondary analysis of a NIDA Clinical Trials Network study exploring the effectiveness of two interventions for women with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders.
On the design of coupling networks for coupled oscillator arrays

Arrays of voltage-controlled oscillators can be coupled by means of a network so as to be mutually injection locked and thus oscillate as an ensemble. This ensemble may be used to excite the elements of a phased array antenna in such a manner as to radiate an agile beam. Design of the coupling network requires attention to three key parameters: the inter-oscillator coupling strength, the network bandwidth, and the oscillator loading. These parameters can be related to the network admittance matrix elements, which, in turn, are related to the lumped element values. This provides convenient formulas for use in designing networks, which provide the necessary values of the above three key design parameters.
Studies on the origin of bacterial viruses. V. The effect of temperature on the terramycin-resistant and phage-producing cells of Bacillus megatherium cultures.

The growth rates, the mutation frequency rate constants of the terramycin-resistant cells, the burst size of the phage-producing cells, and the ratio of phage to cells all have a temperature coefficient of about 2 from 20 to 35 degrees (micro = 9 x 10(3) calories), with a maximum at 40 degrees . The mutation frequency rate constant (or time rate constant) of the phage-producing cells increases from 20 to 45 degrees with a temperature coefficient of about 3 (micro = 2 to 3 x 10(4) cal.). The change in the values for the growth rate, mutation rate, and cell volume occurs in less than 1 hour, after the temperature is changed. The value for the burst size of phage-producing cells changes for 3 to 4 hours. Prolonged growth of megatherium 899 at 48 to 50 degrees results in the production of C + S phage, in place of T. Returning the culture to 25 degrees results in the production of small T phage.
Theoretical study of the performance of activated carbon in the presence of binary vapor mixtures

The performance of activated carbons in an environment containing two contaminants was evaluated theoretically. A mathematical model developed earlier was used to determine the effect of different parameters on the breakthrough curves of binary mixtures through activated carbon. Due to the difference between the adsorption capacity of carbon for the two components of a binary mixture, one of the compounds travels faster in the carbon bed and has a shorter breakthrough time. The results of this study show that under certain conditions, changing the concentration of the compounds can cause the more strongly adsorbed component to become less strongly adsorbed and travel faster in the bed. A database containing Langmuir constants for adsorption isotherms of many compounds for eleven different types of activated carbon was generated. The data base can be used to predict breakthrough times of pure or binary mixtures through activated carbons.
A short-term transition from a high-fat diet to a normal-fat diet before pregnancy exacerbates female mouse offspring obesity.

A short-term transition from a high-fat diet to a normal-fat diet before pregnancy exacerbates female mouse offspring obesity
Employing a Grounded Theory Approach for MIS Research

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the grounded theory (GT) approach to research, discussing how it has been used in information systems (IS) research, and how GT studies may be conducted to provide a significant theoretical contribution to the management information systems (MIS) field. The subject is of particular interest at a time when GT attracts frequent criticism for a lack of rigor. This chapter deals with what makes for a rigorous contribution to “grounded” theory in MIS. It addresses developments and controversies in the generation of grounded theories, examining the use of GT as a coding method vs. the use of GT as a method for generating theory. The discussion focuses mainly on the constructivist/interpretive perspective adopted in most qualitative data studies, as this is the way in which GT has been used most often in MIS. The chapter concludes with a roadmap for the use of GT in MIS research and a discussion of the contribution made by GT studies in MIS.
Problems of Cryogenic Interlaminar Shear Strength Testing

Increasingly large quantities of filamentary composite materials are being employed as structural members because composites combine material lightness with good strength, manageability of load paths and, in many cases, thermal and electrical insulating capability. However, their utility is not accompanied by universally reliable mechanical properties measurement procedures due, in part, to the difficulty of defining the property to be measured. This situation is extreme in the case of interlaminar shear strength.
A little-known extractive process: Iron smelting in natural-draft furnaces

Over the last twenty years, there has been a discernible increase in the number of scholars who have focused their research on metal production, working and use in antiquity, a field of study which has come to be known as archaeometallurgy. Materials scientists and conservators have worked primarily in the laboratory while archaeologists have conducted fieldwork geared to the study of metal technology in a cultural context with laboratory analysis as one portion of the interpretive program.
Upper Versus Lower Gastrointestinal Route of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection

Copyright: © 2014 Sofi AA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and emergence of new and more virulent, antibiotic resistant strains such as 027 ribotype (NAP1/B1/027) [1] has been associated with an increased incidence of recurrences and primary treatment failure with standard antibiotic therapy [2]. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promise in the treatment of recurrent or refractory CDI [3,4]. FMT involves instillation of stools obtained from a healthy donor into the recipient gut either by upper gastrointestinal (GI) route through naso-gastric tube or through lower GI route administered during colonoscopy or rectal enemas. There are no controlled studies comparing the efficacy and safety of upper and lower GI routes of FMT delivery in the treatment of CDI. In the absence of such studies, the preferable method of FMT administration is unknown.
Sampling Survey on Tuberculosis Epidemiology in Qingyang District,Chengdu City

Objective To realize the dynamic status of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and to improve the control measures as well as to provide the scientific bases for the preparation of tuberculosis control program objectives at Qingyang District.Method The multi-stratified grouping random sampling method was used and Shangtongren Road Community was sampled.Result In 2004,the standardized incidence and bacteriological positive pulmonary tuberculosis were 351/105 and 210.67/105 respectively with the reduction rates of 7.02% and 3.42% as compared with 1990(tuberculosis incidence 690/105 and bacteriological positive 150/105).Conclusion The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Qingyang District is still severe.Health education,DOTS policy and the increased invests must be stressed.
Evaluation of cytoplasmic genetic effects in Miles City Line 1 Hereford cattle.

Mixed-model techniques were used to evaluate the importance of cytoplasmic genetic effects on growth traits in beef cattle. The data used were records on birth weight (BWT, n = 4,716), preweaning average daily gain (PREADG, n = 4,428), and postweaning average daily gain (POSTADG, n = 3,476) collected from 1935 through 1989 in a closed line of Hereford cattle (Miles City Line 1). Selection criterion was adjusted yearling weight. Cytoplasmic genetic effects were evaluated as both potential fixed and random genetic effects. Cytoplasmic sources (n = 26) were determined based on the foundation female in the maternal lineage of each animal. All foundation females were at least five generations removed from any descendant that produced a performance record. An animal model was used to account for all nuclear additive genetic variation among animals. Direct additive effects were estimated for all traits. Maternal additive and permanent environmental effects were estimated for BWT and PREADG. Fixed effects included year of birth, age of dam, sex of calf, and regressions on inbreeding of calf, inbreeding of dam, and age off postweaning gain test (POSTADG only). When cytoplasm was fit as a fixed effect, F-tests for cytoplasmic effects were not significant (P = .10 to .99) for any trait. Inclusion of cytoplasmic source (fixed) in the statistical model reduced residual standard deviations less than .1%. Variance components for cytoplasmic genetic effects were estimated simultaneously with variance components for direct, maternal, direct-maternal covariance, and maternal permanent environment using REML techniques. Cytoplasmic source accounted for .40, .00 and .00% of the phenotypic variance for BWT, PREADG, and POSTADG, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MECHANISMS OF AFTERHYPERPOLARIZATION IN LOBSTER OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS

Corotto, Frank S. and William C. Michel. Mechanisms of afterhyperpolarization in lobster olfactory receptor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1268–1276, 1998. In lobster olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), depolarizing responses to odorants and current injection are accompanied by the development of an afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that likely contributes to spike-frequency adaptation and that persists for several seconds after termination of the response. A portion of the AHP can be blocked by extracellular application of 5 mM CsCl. At this concentration, CsCl specifically blocks the hyperpolarization-activated cation current ( I h) in lobster ORNs. This current is likely to be active at rest, where it provides a constant, depolarizing influence. Further depolarization deactivates I h, thus allowing the cell to be briefly hyperpolarized when that depolarizing influence is removed, thus generating an AHP. Reactivation of I h would terminate the AHP. The component of the AHP that could not be blocked by Cs+ (the Cs+-insensitive AHP) was accompanied by decreased input resistance, suggesting that this component is generated by increased conductance to an ion with an equilibrium potential more negative than the resting potential. The Cs+-insensitive AHP in current clamp and the underlying current in voltage clamp displayed a reversal potential of approximately –75 mV. Both E K and E Cl are predicted to be in this range. Similar results were obtained with the use of a high Cl– pipette solution, although that shifted E Cl from –72 mV to –13 mV. However, when E K was shifted to more positive or negative values, the reversal potential also shifted accordingly. A role for the Ca2+-mediated K+ current in generating the Cs+-independent AHP was explored by testing cells in current and voltage clamp while blocking I K(Ca) with Cs+/Co2+-saline. In some cells, the Cs+-independent AHP and its underlying current could be completely and reversibly blocked by Cs+/Co2+ saline, whereas in other cells some fraction of it remained. This indicates that the Cs+-independent AHP results from two K+ currents, one that requires an influx of extracellular Ca2+ and one that does not. Collectively, these findings indicate that AHPs result from three phenomena that occur when lobster ORNs are depolarized: 1 ) inactivation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current, 2 ) activation of a Ca2+-mediated K+ current, and 3 ) activation of a K+ current that does not require influx of extracellular Ca2+. Roles of these processes in modulating the output of lobster ORNs are discussed.
Fault tolerant margins of an UAV at uncertain environment

In fault tolerant control, the damaged and healthy states of a sensor output or a control input are captured by using an uncertain parameter. For instance, the control input u(t) resulting from an actuator is modeled au(t) and the healthy and damaged conditions are inferred from a which takes the values σ=1 and σ in [0, 1), respectively [1-3]. Given a stabilizing controller, a range of σ-values in the interval [0,1) for which the closed loop system would remain stable is referred as the fault-tolerant margin. In this paper, several of these margins are presented when aerodynamic parameter variations due to an uncertain atmospheric condition in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are present. It is shown that the fault tolerant margins are extremely sensitive to these parameter perturbations. Some perturbation locations can significantly reduce the stable range for parameter values as well as for the fault tolerant margins. An UAV model is considered to illustrate the fault tolerant margins and admissible parameter variations. Secondly, the algorithm applied to compute the fault tolerant margins is used to solve the examples of Professor Ross B Barmish et al [29] and hence the exact stability margins for a two parameter system are illustrated. However, when the number of parameters increases, the algorithm becomes computationally intensive.
Photonic crystal fibers

In recent years several new classes of fibers have emerged based on the same basic technological platform - air/silica microstructures. Though they are often referred to collectively these fibers can be divided into three very different classes: air-clad core fibers, effective-index fibers and photonic band-gap fibers. Although all act as waveguides, these groups of fibers exhibit different optical properties leading to different applications. We briefly discuss the air-clad core and effective index fibers before concentrating on the more unusual photonic band-gap fiber. With losses as low as 2.6 dB/km for effective index photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and 1 dB/m for band-gap fibers, this technology is beginning to show its potential for becoming a platform for more than just unique fiber-based components.
The effect of prior healthcare employment on the wages of registered nurses

The proportion of registered nurses (RNs) with employment in health-related positions before their initial RN education has increased in the past two decades. Previous research found that prior health-related employment is positively associated with RN workforce supply, potentially due to the wage differences based on different career paths. This study’s objective is to test the hypotheses that prior health-related employment is associated with differences in starting wages and with different rates of wage growth for experience as an RN. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN) linked with county-level variables from the Area Health Resource File. We estimated a Heckman model where the second-stage equation’s outcome variable was the logarithm of the RN hourly wage, accounting for the self-selection of working or not working as an RN (i.e., the first-stage equation’s outcome variable). Key covariates included interaction terms between years of experience, experience squared, and six categories of prior health-related employment (manager, LPN/LVN, allied health, nursing aide, clerk, and all other healthcare positions). Additional covariates included demographics, weekly working hours, marital status, highest nursing degree, and county-level variables (e.g., unemployment rate). We estimated the marginal effect of experience on wage for each type of prior health-related employment, conducting separate analyses for RNs whose initial education was a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) (unweighted N = 10,345/weighted N = 945,429), RNs whose initial education was an Associate degree (unweighted N = 13,791/weighted N = 1,296,809), and total population combining the former groups (unweighted N = 24,136/weighted N = 2,242,238). Prior health-related employment was associated with higher wages, with the strongest wage differences among BSN-educated RNs. Among BSN-educated RNs, previous employment as a health care manager, LPN/LVN, or nursing aide produced statistically higher starting wages ($1.72-$3.86 per hour; $3400–$7700 per year; p = 0.006–0.08). However, experience-based wage growth was lower for BSN-educated RNs previously employed as allied health workers, LPN/LVNs, or nursing aides. Among Associate degree-educated RNs, wage difference was not observed except for higher initial wage for RNs with previous employment as LPN/LVNs. Prior employment in health-related positions was associated with both starting salary and experience-based wage growth among BSN-educated RNs. The higher wage return for those with a BSN may motivate non-RN healthcare workers to seek a BSN in their transition to RN jobs, which could help advancement toward the 80 % BSN workforce recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine.
Valinomycin as an antilipolytic agent. Effects on cyclic 3',5'-adenylic acid, adenyl cyclase, respiration, and glucose metabolism in borwn and white fat cells.

Valinomycin blocked the stimulation by catecholamines of lipolysis and the accumulation of both total and labeled cyclic AMP in brown and white fat cells. Under conditions when valinomycin blocked lipolysis produced by epinephrine, the ATP content of brown fat cells was not reduced. The lipolytic action of dibutyryl cyclic AMP was also blocked by valinomycin. The degradation of tritiated adenine to labeled water was stimulated by valinomycin. In white fat cell ghosts, catecholamine-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity was reduced 20% by valinomycin, and basal activity was enhanced. In white fat valinomycin inhibited both basal and insulin-stimulated conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide, lactate, and total lipids. In brown fat, however, basal glucose conversion to carbon dioxide was stimulated by valinomycin. Basal respiration in brown fat cells was doubled by valinomycin in both the presence and absence of either pyruvate or oxalacetate. The stimulation of respiration by octanoate was reduced 50% by valinomycin. These observations suggest that the antilipolytic action of valinomycin is the result of other factors in addition to the inhibition of adenyl cyclase. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are indebted to Dudith W. Rosenthal for the ATP determinations.
Low Transplant Related Mortality Following Matched Unrelated Donor Allogeneic Transplantation in High Risk Patients Utilizing Low Dose Subcutaneous Campath.

The administration of alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) as part of the conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) results in a low incidence of acute and chronic GVHD. However, intravenous Campath administration is also associated with significant infusional toxicities and a higher risk of infectious complications post-transplant. We evaluated the role of low-dose subcutaneous Campath prior to unrelated donor ASCT in 13 patients deemed to be at high risk for mortality (age>40years, significant comorbidity, or prior autologous transplant). Median age of transplant recipients was 54 (37–61) years and three patients had a prior autograft. Diseases included secondary/poor risk AML-5, CML-1, MPS-2, relapsed HD-1, NHL-3, and CLL-1. The preparative regimen consisted of fludarabine and targeted oral busulfan (myeloid malignancies) or cytoxan±rituximab (lymphoid malignancies). Campath was administered subcutaneously from d-5 to d-3 at a total dose of 43mg. Low dose Campath was well tolerated with no untoward toxicity. Early mixed T cell chimerism generally occurred (median day +100 donor CD3 60% (8–100) and CD33 100% (67–100)), requiring door lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in 10 of 13 patients. Ten of 11 evaluable patients achieved complete donor chimerism at a median of 112 days (32–260), and no graft failures have occurred. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 5/13 patients (38%) at median day +58 (23–152) (grade I[1] and II[4]). Chronic GVHD occurred in 6/12 evaluable patients (3 limited, 3 extensive) and no GVHD mortality has occurred. CMV reactivation occurred in 5 of 9 at-risk patients (55%) with a median day to reactivation of day +25 (9–38), median number of reactivations of 2 (1–4), but no CMV disease or mortality. After a median follow-up of 340 (84–631) days, eleven of thirteen patients survive for a one year actuarial survival of 83%. No patient has died from treatment-related mortality. Relapse occurred in 5/13 patients resulting in the death of two patients. Low dose subcutaneous campath administered during conditioning results in low TRM and promising survival in older high risk patients undergoing unrelated donor ASCT.
Issues in the Evaluation of Youth Suicide Prevention Initiatives

The field of school-based youth suicide prevention is currently characterized by scatteredencouraging evaluations of conceptually grounded universal and indicated programs. Larger scale, long-termevaluations that systematically assess implementation as well as proximal and distal outcomes of adequately disseminated programs are needed. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Surgeon General have made suicide prevention a priority. A recent national conferencebrought together national researchers and produced reviews of the field and a draft of a national research agenda for suicide prevention that included schoolbased youth suicide prevention programs. It is hoped that these developments will provide resources for researchers to expand the current evaluations to a more systematic empirical base for youth suicide prevention efforts.
The Profane Ear: Regimes of Aural Discipline in Paule Marshall’s The Fisher King

" In this article, I highlight the sonic disciplinary regimes that form the backdrop of Paule Marshall’s The Fisher King. Marshall’s final novel chronicles the climax of a generations-long antagonism within a black diasporic family that coalesces around one character’s, Sonny-Rett’s, career as a jazz musician. Sonny-Rett’s exceptional musical talent renders him the target of overlapping regimes of domestic and state regulation and discipline. His alienation from his communities follows the condemnation of jazz in the interwar period as too obscene, flagrant, and undisciplined to have a place in national culture in both the United States and France. By examining the inter- and intra-community fissures that form around the maintenance of a respectable soundscape—and thereby obedient and respectable black subjects—I argue that Marshall calls attention to the soundscape as a critical frontier in struggles to dismantle global anti-blackness. By casting black cultural production as improper and anti-national, black subjects are obliquely targeted for exclusion or extermination under the guise of seemingly neutral regulations that indict music and musical venues rather than subjects. This work underlines Marshall as a forerunner of later Caribbean women writers—such as Erna Brodber and M. NourbeSe Philip—who view decolonization and struggles against anti-blackness as projects that require broad, international black solidarity, rather than solely national or regional affiliation. Sonny Rett’s expulsion from his home, exile from his nation, and death as an expatriate in Paris at the hands of the police signal the pressures of national belonging; conversely, his live performances elicit aural experiences of solidarity with his audience. For Marshall, jazz both links and divides Afro-diasporic communities who grapple with the often-conflicting demands of black middle class respectability and liberatory possibilities of black solidarity. “The Profane Ear” unfolds in three parts: First, I examine how Sonny-Rett is presented as a unique aural subject whose powers of hearing are viewed as both profound and “profane”. Next, through close attention to Sonny Rett’s mother’s home, I show how domestic spaces in the novel become sites of alienation and sonic regulation whose tactics of discipline borrow from military and legal discourses, linking them with the state. Finally, by showing how the linked geographies of New York and Paris in the interwar period enforced similar laws to restrict black jazz musicians, I present Sonny-Rett’s decline and death as exemplary of the link between global anti-blackness and soundscape regulation. "
Blood-ocular barrier disruption in patients with acute stroke

Objective Prompted by the unexpected finding of gadolinium leakage into ocular structures (GLOS) in acute stroke patients, we studied the frequency and nature of this finding in 167 patients. Methods Patients were selected who had an MRI with gadolinium at baseline and another MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging at 2 and/or 24 hours later. GLOS was detected as lack of vitreous and/or aqueous fluid suppression on postcontrast FLAIR images. Results GLOS, evident on postcontrast FLAIR MRI, occurred in 127/167 (76%) patients: 86/109 (79%) patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator and 41/58 (71%) who were untreated. At 2 hours after administration of the contrast, GLOS was more common in the aqueous chamber alone, occurring in 67% of patients, compared to the vitreous chamber alone, seen in 6% of patients; it occurred in both chambers in 27% of patients. At 24 hours, GLOS was present in 121/162 (75%) patients, always involving the vitreous chamber, but also affecting the aqueous chamber in 6% of cases. Vitreous GLOS at 24 hours was associated with increasing age ( p = 0.002) and a higher burden of cerebral white matter hyperintensities ( p = 0.017). Patients with rapid diffuse GLOS, defined as GLOS involving both chambers at 2 hours, had larger infarcts ( p = 0.022) and a higher degree of blood-brain barrier permeability ( p = 0.025). Conclusions We found GLOS to be common in patients with acute stroke; delayed GLOS was a marker for chronic vascular disease. The mechanism for acute GLOS remains uncertain but may be a remote effect of acute cerebral injury on the blood-ocular barrier.
Increasing Access to Oral Health Care for People Living with HIV/AIDS in the U.S.: Baseline Evaluation Results of the Innovations in Oral Health Care Initiative

Objectives.We provide an overview of the Health Resources and Services Administration HIV/AIDS Bureau's Special Projects of National Significance Innovations in Oral Health Care Initiative, describ...
Exchange Risks in International Trade

Firms still in the early phases of internationalization are primarily exposed to foreign exchange risks of a transaction nature that result from the practice of denominating accounts receivable (in the case of exports) or accounts payable (in the case of imports) in a foreign currency.
Towards Accessible Conversations in a Mobile Context for People who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Prior work has explored communication challenges faced by people who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and the potential role of new captioning and support technologies to address these challenges; however, the focus has been on stationary contexts such as group meetings and lectures. In this paper, we present two studies examining the needs of DHH people in moving contexts (e.g., walking) and the potential for mobile captions on head-mounted displays (HMDs) to support those needs. Our formative study with 12 DHH participants identifies social and environmental challenges unique to or exacerbated by moving contexts. Informed by these findings, we introduce and evaluate a proof-of-concept HMD prototype with 10 DHH participants. Results show that, while walking, HMD captions can support communication access and improve attentional balance between the speakers(s) and navigating the environment. We close by describing open questions in the mobile context space and design guidelines for future technology.
Influence of comorbid drug use disorder on receipt of evidence-based treatment for alcohol use disorder among VA patients with alcohol use disorder and Hepatitis C and/or HIV.

Abstract Background Alcohol use is risky for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment is underutilized in these populations. Comorbid drug use disorders (DUD) are common, but their influence on AUD treatment receipt is understudied. We evaluated the association between DUD and AUD treatment receipt in two national samples of patients with AUD, those with HIV and those with HCV, in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration. Methods Samples included patients with AUD and HCV and/or HIV among positive alcohol screens (AUDIT-C≥5) documented 10/01/09-5/30/13 in the national electronic health record. Poisson regression models estimated incidence rate ratios for receiving specialty treatment (stop codes) and pharmacotherapy (filled prescription for naltrexone, disulfiram, acamprosate, or topiramate) within 365 days of positive alcohol screening for patients with DUD versus those without. Models were clustered on patient and adjusted for potential confounders. Results Among 22,039 patients with HCV/AUD, 45.2% (N = 9,964) had DUD, which was associated with receiving specialty treatment [adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.89 (95% confidence interval 1.82–1.96)] and pharmacotherapy [aIRR: 1.50 (1.37–1.65)]. Among 1,834 patients with HIV/AUD, 56.9% (N = 1,043) had DUD, which was associated with receiving specialty treatment [aIRR: 1.94 (1.68–2.24)], but not pharmacotherapy. Conclusions Rates of AUD treatment receipt among patients with AUD and HCV and/or HIV were low overall, but likelihood of treatment receipt was generally higher among those with comorbid DUD. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying these associations, such as enhanced readiness for treatment or differential provider prescribing or referral practices.
Resumption of sexual activity following myocardial infarction

The author reviews the psychological and physiological components of sexual rehabilitation following myocardial infarction. The reasons for inadequate sexual rehabilitation counseling are explored and the role of the health care provider in offering the patient accurate, specific, and practical advice is delineated. Specific techniques for initiating sexual rehabilitation counseling are offered, and the author purposes a graduated protocol of sexual activities which are sequenced in terms of the cardiovascular demands that they place on the patient. Sexual counseling is viewed as one of many components in the entire psychological/physical rehabilitation process. The importance of addressing the altered interactional patterns required of the “cardiac couple” is emphasized. Finally, a better utilization of interdisciplinary teams in providing a comprehensive rehabilitation program is strongly encouraged.
A comparison of micromechanical evaluation on interfacial shear strength using microbond pull-out and micro-indentation tests

Fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion in ®bre-reinforced composites plays an important role in controlling the mechanical properties and overall performance of composites. There are many different micromechanical tests that are used for characterizing the composite interface properties. Within these methods, the single-®bre pull-out test [1], microbond test [2], the single-®bre fragmentation test [3, 4], and the micro-indentation test [5, 6] are becoming more popular among these numerous test methods and are widely used for measuring the interfacial properties in composites. This paper describes the basics, concerns, and sensitivity of using the microbond pull-out test and micro-indentation test. Four types of Owens Corning glass ®bre with different surface treatments were investigated in this study. D.E.R. 331 epoxy resin from Dow Chemicals Company had Lindride 66 curing agent from Lindau Chemicals Inc., were selected as the matrix material which is commonly used in ®lament winding. The resin to curing agent mixing ratio was 100:85 by weight. Both microdroplet samples for microbond pull-out test and composite laminates for microindentation test, were prepared under the same curing cycles: 2 h at 120 8C and 2 h postcure at 180 8C. Table I summarizes a list of ®bre sample identi®cations used for composite laminates that were used in this study. The microbond pull-out test, considered as a modi®ed single-®bre pull-out test, consists of a single ®lament embedded in a polymer matrix. This experiment involves the deposition of a small amount of resin onto the ®bre surface in the form of a droplet which forms concentrically around the ®bre in the shape of an ellipsoid. A single microdroplet of the resin system with a dimension of 50±80 im embedded length was controlled to each ®bre specimen. In the test, a small aluminium microvise with two parallel shearing plates was attached to the base of a vertical Instron testing machine. Prior to the experiment, the shearing plates are positioned just above the sample microdroplet, and the two plates closed to slightly touch the ®bre surface. The plates then move downward and exert a shearing force to create a debonding between the matrix and the ®bre. Load-extension curves were recorded for each specimen, and a suf®cient number of tests were carried out to provide 40 interfacial shear strength values for each ®bre system, from which the mean and standard deviations were calculated. Upon debonding, the pull-out force is recorded, and the interfacial shear strength o is calculated using the equation
Signal Quality for RR Interval Prediction on Wearable Sensors

Physiological responses are essential for health monitoring. Wearable devices are providing greater populations of people with the ability to monitor physiological signals during their day to day activities. However, wearable devices are particularly susceptible to degradation of signal quality due to noise from motion artifacts, environment, and user error. In this paper, we compare the impact of including signal quality on predictive models for RR intervals in a real world setting.
Beyond Translation: Language Hacking and Philology

Among applications of machine learning, automatic language translation stands out for its spectacular gains from exploiting large data sets and its promise of cultural connection. Knowledge of a range of languages has been a marker of human erudition for centuries. The work described here outlines the rise of a third path, one situated between linguistic mastery and reliance upon translation. Manually annotated sources have made this third path possible for centuries, if not millennia, but a combination of increasingly powerful machine learning, growing bodies of linguistic annotation and distributed human contributions has the potential to generalize such ‘language hacking.’ In such an environment, translation (which may be the product of machines or humans) must be judged not only by traditional metrics (such as accuracy and readability) but also by the degree to which it enables readers to push beyond the translation and to analyze the original source text itself. The growth of such language hacking opens up a new intellectual space for the ancient discipline of philology—broadly defined as the sum of all available practices by which we use the human linguistic record to understand the past. This new space integrates fundamental goals from the humanities with emerging methods from computational and data science. I see a bright future for machine learning that acts as intelligence augmentation (Jordan, 2019 ), and for critical readers and explainable artificial intelligence to develop in tandem.Keywords: digital humanities, digital classics, philology, translation studies, digital reading, smart texts, semantic annotations, language technologies