cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Follow-up Study

• Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement is now known to occur in some schizophrenic patients. To determine whether ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia is a static vs progressive process, we conducted a follow-up computed tomographic brain scan study on 11 young male patients, three years after initial scans were obtained. No significant change was found in the mean ventricles-brain ratio of this small schizophrenic sample after three years. Four of 11 patients showed noticeable increases (>50%) in individual ratio. Methodologic problems are discussed and the need for follow-up studies as a research strategy is emphasized.
Measurement and feedback of infection control process measures in the intensive care unit: Impact on compliance

Background Infection control process measures provide actionable and measurable indicators for performance improvement. Objective To determine the relationship between the measurement and feedback of selected infection control process measures and compliance with infection control practices. Methods We measured selected infection control process measures (hand hygiene, femoral catheter use as a proportion of all central venous catheter (CVC) days and proportion of head of bed elevations) in the medical respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) (MRICU) and the surgical trauma ICU (STICU). All data were collected by trained infection control practitioners. Baseline data were obtained April through June 2004. Baseline hand hygiene data were obtained from May to June. Follow-up observations were obtained from July 2004 through March 2005. Both baseline and follow-up observations were reported to the units' leadership. The data were reviewed for improvement in compliance with process measures. Differences in proportions were analyzed for statistical significance by the χ 2 test. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in the head of bed elevation rates: 54.9% versus 98.4% ( P P P = .001) in the MRICU and 8.4% versus 3% ( P P = .1) in the MRICU and 50% versus 50.3% ( P = .9) in the STICU, respectively. Conclusion Feedback of process measures lowered the use of femoral catheters and improved the proportion of elevated head of beds in 2 ICUs, but there was no significant improvement in hand hygiene.
Configuration Of The Kinesin1 Motor Domains In The ATP-waiting State As Revealed By Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy

The molecular mechanism of coordination between kinesin1 heads during processive walking remains unclear, partly due to the lack of structural information on critical intermediates of the kinesin1 mechano-chemical cycle. To address this issue here we used ensemble and single molecule fluorescence polarization microscopy to determine the mobility and orientation of the kinesin motor domains. We first investigated conditions mimicking a state when only one head is bound to the microtubule and the other one is tethered. For this we made heterodimeric constructs with impaired microtubule binding in one head. Our results indicate that the tethered head is very mobile. We then investigated the orientation of the head domains in homodimeric constructs moving processively at saturating or limiting [ATP]. At saturating [ATP] both motor domains are well oriented relative to the microtubule but at limiting [ATP] there is an increase in mobility. This result indicates that before ATP-binding one motor domain is mobile.
Contexts for Learning: English Language Learners in a US Middle School

Abstract Within the sociocultural theoretical framework that this paper adopts, learning, including second-language learning, is conceptualised as increasing participation in a community of practice. Thus it becomes of central importance to examine the nature of the community itself and the kinds of participatory opportunities that it supports or discourages. For it is through their engagement in the specific practices of their communities that students appropriate the knowledgeable skills that these practices involve. In this paper, based on the findings of an exploratory ethnographic study conducted in a US middle school, I examine the learning opportunities created for adolescent English language learners in three different classrooms and the ways in which these students took up these opportunities. I argue that, in addition to the particular subject matter to be taught, what appears to shape the kinds of learning opportunities afforded to English language learners is: (a) teachers’ conceptualisation o...
Comparative statics tests between decision models under risk

Abstract We present several comparative statics theorems that distinguish between major decision models under risk. Our main interest is to sort out three models: expected utility (EU), expected utility with rank dependent probabilities (EURDP), and implicit weighted utility (IWU). To begin, we use the two asset portfolio problem to distinguish between EU and EURDP investors; specifically, we identify a change in the distribution of the risky asset such that all risk averse EU maximizers invest more in the risky asset, but some risk-averse EURDP maximizers invest less. We then develop tests between EURDP and IWU: all risk-averse EURDP maximizers increase a choice variable in response to a given change in the distribution of an exogenous variable, while some risk-averse IWU maximizers do not. We also use `local' utility analysis to illustrate our procedure and to explain why the expected utility comparative statics that we use need not be preserved for `smooth' non-expected utility representations.
Sodium resonance fluorescence lidar applications in atmospheric science and astronomy

The mesospheric Na layer is generally confined to the region between 80 and 110 km, with a peak near the mesopause where the density ranges from about 10/sup 3/-10/sup 4/ cm/sup -3/. The layer is an excellent tracer of wave motions, and Na lidar studies are now making important contributions to the gravity waves near the mesopause. In the field of astronomy, Ni lidar techniques are also being developed for creating artificial guide stars that can be used with groundbased adaptive telescopes to compensate image distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence. The design of modern Na resonance fluorescence lidars is described, and applications in atmospheric sciences and astronomy are discussed. >
Story of a synthetic polypeptide

Poly (γ-Benzyl-L-Glutamate) and Other Glutamic Acid Containing Polymers. By H. Block. Gordon & Breach: 1984. Pp.215. $49.
Endocardial Brg1 Represses ADAMTS1 to Maintain the Microenvironment for Myocardial Morphogenesis

Developing myocardial cells respond to signals from the endocardial layer to form a network of trabeculae that characterize the ventricles of the vertebrate heart. Abnormal myocardial trabeculation results in specific cardiomyopathies in humans and yet trabecular development is poorly understood. We show that trabeculation requires Brg1, a chromatin remodeling protein, to repress ADAMTS1 expression in the endocardium that overlies the developing trabeculae. Repression of ADAMTS1, a secreted matrix metalloproteinase, allows the establishment of an extracellular environment in the cardiac jelly that supports trabecular growth. Later during embryogenesis, ADAMTS1 expression initiates in the endocardium to degrade the cardiac jelly and prevent excessive trabeculation. Thus, the composition of cardiac jelly essential for myocardial morphogenesis is dynamically controlled by ADAMTS1 and its chromatin-based transcriptional regulation. Modification of the intervening microenvironment provides a mechanism by which chromatin regulation within one tissue layer coordinates the morphogenesis of an adjacent layer.
Large temperature and solvent effects in the conformational equilibrium of phencyclidine [1-phenyl-1-(N-piperidyl) cyclohexane]

Abstract The conformational equilibrium of phencyclidine [1-phenyl-1-(N-piperidyl) cyclohexane or 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, PCP] is strongly dependent on solvent and in the hydrogen-bonding solvent methanol also on temperature.
Wideband SAR processing with segmented chirps for phased-array radars

Fine resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) requires wideband signals to be transmitted and received. Electronically steered phased-array antennas have difficulty steering wideband signals without the use of expensive and cumbersome true time delay elements. Otherwise more desirable phase shifters are by themselves inadequate to the task. Wideband radar signals can be generated from series or groups of narrow-band signals centered at different frequencies. A wideband Linear FM (LFM) chirp can be assembled from lesser-bandwidth chirp segments. The chirp segments can be transmitted as separate pulses, each with their own steering phase operation. Each chirp segment's bandwidth would essentially be narrow-band by itself. Doing so allows each pulse to be steered by phase shifters alone. This overcomes the problematic dilemma of steering wideband chirps with phase shifters alone. True time-delay elements are not required. The raw Phase History data can then be processed in a manner to reconstruct the image by combining all pulses with all chirp segments. In this manner the image will exhibit resolution consistent with the entire resolution bandwidth, which can be much larger than any individual segment's chirp bandwidth.
Responding Intelligently When Would-be Censors Charge: "That Book Can Make Them… !"

School administrators and teachers need to recognize that most persons—including would-be censors of school-related media communications—simply do not understand the complexities germane to measuring the impact of the mass media and the specific messages transmitted to broader audiences via a variety of media channels. In particular, what most laypersons fear are the perceived negative short-term effects while they ignore the critically important question of long-term influence. The author argues that administrators and teachers have a responsibility to better inform themselves vis-a-vis media influence so that they are able to effectively respond to concerns of potential censors of school related materials. They need, in point of fact, to become educators in the broadest meaning of that word.
In situ infrared study of catalytic decomposition of NO on carbon-supported Rh and Pd catalysts

Abstract The direct catalytic decomposition of NO on Rh/Al2O3, Rh/C, Pd/Al2O3, and Pd/C catalysts was investigated at 673 K by in situ infrared (IR) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS). NO decomposition on these catalysts initially produced N2 and adsorbed oxygen. Different catalysts exhibit different capabilities for manipulating adsorbed oxygen. Rh/Al2O3 shows little activity for oxygen desorption, resulting in loss of catalyst activity; Rh/C shows the ability for promoting the adsorbed oxygen–carbon reaction, removing oxygen in the form of CO2; Pd/Al2O3 shows some activity for O2 desorption. Use of carbon as a support for Pd promotes O2 desorption, resulting in improvement of NO decomposition activity. The in situ IR results provide evidence to support the behavior of adsorbed oxygen on carbon-supported Rh and Pd catalysts.
The Impact of Hunter Postseason Questionnaire Design on Big Game Harvest Estimation

Estimating game harvest is among the most important activities of wildlife management agencies. For many state agencies, postseason hunter surveys are the basis for obtaining estimates of harvest. However, the questionnaire design and the questions asked can have a great effect on the accuracy of the harvest estimates. The purpose of this paper is to present alternative models for analyzing postseason hunter questionnaire data. Our model extends the White (1993) approach by incorporating local information from both successful and unsuccessful hunters in cases where that information is available from postseason surveys. Our approach relaxes 2 assumptions: 1) the probability that a hunter reports the area hunted is the same across areas and 2) all hunters have the same probability of success regardless of area hunted. Unless assumptions regarding common harvest rates across areas can be validated a priori, questionnaires should be designed to provide that geographic information. This information should be obtained from both successful and unsuccessful hunters. Previously, managers were primarily concerned whether nonrespondents had the same harvest success as survey respondents. We argue that this concern should be extended to include consideration of differences in reporting rates by geographic area as well. Agency goals, data requirements, and possible differences in harvest rates by region must, therefore, guide the design of hunter harvest questionnaires.
Sorex (Microsorex) hoyi in Pennsylvania

Pteropus rufus, 42451, 42448; Ptenochirus jagori, 62696, 43682; Aethalops alecto, 38717, 38721; Cynopterus brachyotis, 51349, 43685; Eonycteris spelaea, 36176, 36172; Eumops perotis, 50201, 53953; Molossus ater, 70941, 67228; Tadarida aegyptiaca, 71384, 71398; Tadarida bivittata, 71209, 71021; Tadarida chapini, 68113, 68114; Tadarida condylura, 72068, 72088; Tadarida congica, 59226, 56184; Tadarida major, 57642, no female examined; Tadarida nigeriae, 71955, 71977; Tadarida pumila, 68187, 68392; Otomops martiensseni, 35682, 41926. We are very grateful to K. R. Kranz for suggesting this study and to Doris Audet, R. Mark Brigham, Jonathan Balcombe, Hugh Aldridge, Mike Stoneman, and Virginia Wai-Ping who read the manuscript and made helpful suggestions. L. E. C. Ling prepared the SEM photographs, Ann Surch Fig. 1, and Joan Mallett Fig. 2. This study was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada operating grants to MBF.
Ghana’s education reform 2007: A realistic proposition or a crisis of vision?

Ghana’s recent “Education Reform 2007” envisions a system that strives to achieve both domestic and internationally-oriented goals emanating (1) from the Education for All (EFA) initiative, (2) from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and (3) from global trends in education. Emboldened by the implementation of foreign-donor-funded programmes such as EFA, the restructuring of the Ghana Education Sector Project (EdSeP) and the Science Resource Centres (SRC) project, both the education reform of 2007 and recent educational policy debates have reiterated the need to emphasise the teaching of science and information and communication technology to make Ghana’s students/graduates more competitive in the global labour market. However, the bulk of Ghana’s economic activity actually remains domestic or unglobalised. And given a weak economy and declining social spending due to strict adherence to the prescribed structural adjustment policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), there is concern that a focus on international competitiveness may be a crisis of vision. On the basis of the Ghanaian government’s failure to meet the stated goals of previous reforms such as that of 1974, and the education system’s continuing dependence on foreign donor support, this paper argues that the goals of the new reform may be unachievable on a sustainable basis. It also argues that rather than subjugate national domestic priorities to a mirage of international credibility/competitiveness, Ghana should concentrate on capacitating her students/graduates to make maximum impact at domestic and local community levels.
Synthesis of regioregular pentacene-containing conjugated polymers

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of regioregular pentacene-containing conjugated polymersvia our synthetic routes reported previously. We found that our regioregular pentacene polymers showed improved ordering than their regiorandom counterpart as well as ambipolar OFET performance.
Gas diffusion in multibubble systems

A model is proposed for the study of the growth and shrinkage of gas bubbles in systems containing many gas bubbles. The key feature of this model is the replacement of the bubbles by point sources of gas concentration. Calculations are performed in the simple case of an initial uniform array of bubbles of equal radii.
Purification, characterization, and comparison of immunological properties of monkey chorionic somatomammotropin with human and monkey growth hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin and ovine prolactin

A method is presented which utilizes ammonium sulfate precipitation, pH and alcohol fractionation, and a final Sephadex G–100 chromatographic step for small scale purification of monkey chorionic somatomammotropin (mCS) from rhesus monkey placentae. Recoveries average 15 mg/kg placenta, one—sixth the estimated content. mCS appears to be a polypeptide of mol wt between 21,000 and 22,000, estimated by molecular sieving and dodecyl sodium sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. It is highly acidic (pI 4.4) on electrofocusing and migrates more anodally than either human growth hormone (hGH) or human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) on electrophoresis at pH 9.5. mCS tends to polymerize irreversibly on storage in alkaline solution and to lose immunoreactivity. Immunological studies reveal greater similarity between mCS and hGH than mCS and hCS, and total dissimilarity with ovine prolactin (OP). This suggests that the structural configuration of mCS may provide information on the nature of the growth—promoting...
The click-evoked oto-acoustic emission, c-EOAE, in preterm-born infants in the post conceptional age range between 30 and 68 weeks

Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (cEOAEs) were repeatedly recorded in an operational sample of 144 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. A subgroup of 22 was composed of all those babies in which at least 4 recordings were successfully done. The mean birth weight of this group was 1040 g, and the mean duration of assisted ventilation was 17 days. The OAE-recordings were done in the post conceptional age (PCA) range between 30 and 68 weeks. In relation to ear function screening it was shown that the EOAE was present in 95% of the ears at least once at any age, while it was present in all recordings in only 34%. From a longitudinal analysis of the recordings per infant it appeared that: (1) the OAE recorded was already present in one infant at the PCA of 29.4 weeks; (2) in most infants the level of the OAE varies strongly between recordings; (3) in each infant the OAE-level shows an increase with age, on average this growth amounts to 10 dB between the PC As of 31 and 42 weeks; (4) there is no clearcut difference in the growth of high- and low-frequency components of the EOAE.
Brief paper: Command-induced vibration analysis using input shaping principles

Input shaping is a well-established technique used for reducing the vibratory response of dynamic systems. Analytical tools are available for systems utilizing input shaping. These tools aid in performance analysis by providing intuitive and computationally simple methods for determining key system attributes, such as the residual vibration in response to a command. This paper describes methods whereby arbitrary reference commands may be interpreted as input-shaped commands. This capability allows input shaping analysis tools to be used on systems without input shapers. Experimental results obtained from an industrial 10-ton bridge crane validate the theoretical developments.
Japan’s intellectual property strategy

Abstract Initiated by a speech by the Japanese Prime Minister in 2002, an improved strategy for the creation, protection and use of intellectual property in the Japanese economy has rapidly evolved. The author outlines the major elements and achievements of the new strategy under five categories: – Creativity and inventiveness (e.g. facilitating technology transfer from universities to the private sector). – Protection (e.g. trilateral sharing of search and examination results, speedier examination, and the establishment of an IP high court). – Exploitation (e.g. widening the range of organisations allowed to assist SMEs). – Contents (mainly aspects of IP in the movie industry). – Cultivating human resources (e.g. increased emphasis on IP education in universities). Future work, in phase 2 through to 2009, in making Japan an ‘IP Rich Country’, will concentrate on building on these changes to integrate IP more fully into business growth.
Calculations of System Aging through the Stochastic Entropy

Abstract: The present research discusses four ‘physical’ models of system and calculates the reliability function during system’s aging and maturity on the basis of the system structure. Keywords: System aging, Boltzmann-like entropy, reliability function, Weibull distribution, Gompertz distribution. 1. Introduction Attempts to develop a fundamental quantitative theory of aging, mortality, and lifespan have deep historical roots. Studies upon aging started with the earliest statistical studies on human mortality and later embraced both biological and artificial systems. Endeavors to classify theories of aging have led to the two major classifications. We find ‘wear and tear theories’ that sustain aging is the effect of the sum effect of many kinds of environmental assaults (e.g. radiation, metal ions) and of internal deterioration (e.g. mechanical attrition, spin-off accumulation) [1]. At the other side ‘programmed aging theories’ hold aging is due to something inside an organism's control mechanisms that forces elderliness and deterioration [2], [3]. The latter school is particular popular in the biological realm, while the former is formally sustained by the
Reducing Prejudice Against Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Settings

Abstract Growing numbers of American children are being educated in inclusive settings. Legal mandates for inclusion cannot ensure that children will be accepted and treated equitably. Attitudinal barriers and discriminatory practices continue to prevent the full participation of students with disabilities in the United States. Understanding how children develop prejudice and the roles adults play in establishing equitable opportunities is critical to the inclusion of all minorities, including children with disabilities.
Ultimate concern and language engagement : A reexamination of the opening message of the Dao-De-Jing

Etude de la relation entre le message ultime et l'engagement du langage dans le «Dao-De-Jing» de Lao tseu. A partir d'une paraphrase anglaise du texte, l'A. defend une interpretation transcendantale et dualiste concernant la nature du Dao.
Helical tomotherapy and larynx sparing in advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma: a dosimetric study.

Abstract Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is gaining acceptance as a standard treatment technique for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx. Dose to the uninvolved larynx and surrounding structures can pose a problem in patients with significant neck disease, potentially compromising laryngeal function and quality of life. Tomotherapy may allow greater laryngeal sparing. Seven patients with stage IV SCC of the oropharynx were replanned using Tomotherapy version 3.1. All contours/planning target volumes (PTVs) from the original plans were preserved, with the exception of the larynx, which was drawn to include all soft tissue encompassed by the thyroid/cricoid cartilage. A simultaneous integrated boost technique was used with PTV 1, 2, and 3 receiving 69.96, 59.40, and 54.00 Gy, respectively in 33 fractions. Dosimetry was evaluated via the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS). Equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was calculated from the dose volume histogram (DVH) using the general method with “a” = 5.0. Mean larynx dose for all patients was 24.4 Gy. Mean EUD to the larynx was 34.2 Gy. Homogeneity was adequate; average maximum dose was 109.7% of the highest prescription. All other organs at risk (OAR) were adequately spared. Tomotherapy can spare the uninvolved larynx in the setting of advanced SCC of the oropharynx to levels that are similar to or better than those reported with other techniques. Sparing is achieved without compromising target coverage or other OAR sparing. The clinical benefit of this sparing remains to be determined in a prospective study.
Some determinants of preference for modes of conflict resolution.

This experimental study manipulated presence or absence of temporal urgency, presence or absence of a judgmental standard, and the correspondence or noncorrespondence of outcomes among disputants in a factorial design to assess their effects on preferences for five dispute-resolution procedures arranged along a continuum of decreasing third-party intervention: autocratic decision-making, arbitration, a moot, mediation, and bargaining. Arbitration was the most generally preferred means of settlement, followed in order by the moot, mediation, autocratic, and bargaining procedures. The independent variables modified these preferences, however, such that procedures with a high degree of third-party intervention were preferred more when there was temporal urgency, outcome noncorrespondence, and a standard. Interactions revealed that correspondence affected preferences only when there was no temporal urgency, and presence-absence of a standard affected preferences only when there was temporal urgency and outcom...
Hot-Electron Plasma Confinement in the Superconducting Levitron

Cyclotron resonance heating is used to produce hot ($T\ensuremath{\approx}250$ keV) electrons with $\ensuremath{\beta}$ up to 10% in an axisymmetric torus. The plasma pressure is nearly isotropic. Confinement times of several seconds are achieved, limited by collisions with background gas. Plasma stability is described.
Intergroup encounters in wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Wrangham (1980) hypothesized that knowledge of the nature of intergroup encounters is crucial to understanding primate social relationships and social organization. I studied a single social group of wild white-faced capuchins over a period of 26 months and observed 44 encounters between social groups during 3703 hr of observation. All intergroup encounters consisted of predominantly hostile social interactions. However, nonaggressive interactions between males of different social groups occurred in a few cases. Adult males were the sole participants in 39 encounters and the primary participants in all 44 encounters. The alpha male was the most frequent participant. High-ranking females participated aggressively in five encounters, and low-ranking females never participated. There was no stable intergroup dominance hierarchy. I hypothesize that the need for male-male cooperation in intergroup aggression is an important factor influencing the quality of intragroup male-male relationships. Behavior during intergroup encounters is consistent with the idea that intergroup behavior is related to male reproductive strategies, but inconsistent with the idea that intergroup aggression is related to female defense of resources. The possibility that males are “hired guns” (Wrangham, 1980) cannot be ruled out.
Initial study of a combustion–mass spectrometric system for organic microanalysis

Abstract A combustion–mass spectrometric system has been designed and studied for simultaneous determining C, N and S compositions of organic compounds. The system is constructed by linking a high-temperature combustion furnace with a quadrupole mass selected detector. A solid or liquid organic sample is directly dropped into the quartz reactor within the furnace where it is combusted and converted into gaseous CO 2 , N 2 , and SO 2 . The resulting gases are mixed thoroughly in a chamber prior to being introduced, through a high-precision metering valve, into the ion source of the mass spectrometer. After performing a series of optimization studies, we examined the analytical performance of the system by testing the precision and linearity of calibration. The initial study indicates that good analytical sensitivity and precision can be obtained for C, N, and S even with 0.2 mg of sample, approximately 1/10 of what is required using traditional combustion–thermal conductive detector (TCD) method. The use of 0.1% argon in the helium working gas as an internal standard further improves the analytical precision. The typical R.S.D. obtained is in the range of 0.43–1.10% depending on the analyte. Another feature of this system is that it not only yields quantitative data, but also helps monitoring the combustion efficiency for analytes eluting through the combustion furnace. This feature can perhaps be utilized to establish suitable experimental conditions and monitor combustion process, especially of large and refractory compounds, thus ensuring the accuracy of the microanalysis.
Fourier transform spectroscopy of d-wave quasiparticles in the presence of atomic scale pairing disorder

The local density of states power spectrum of optimally doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+x}$ (BSCCO) has been interpreted in terms of quasiparticle interference peaks corresponding to an ``octet'' of scattering wave vectors connecting $\mathbf{k}$ points where the density of states is maximal. Until now, theoretical treatments have not been able to reproduce the experimentally observed weights and widths of these octet peaks; in particular, the predominance of the dispersing ``${\mathbf{q}}_{1}$'' peak parallel to the Cu-O bond directions has remained a mystery. In addition, such theories predict ``background'' features which are not observed experimentally. Here, we show that most of the discrepancies can be resolved when a realistic model for the out-of-plane disorder in BSCCO is used. Weak extended potential scatterers, which are assumed to represent cation disorder, suppress large-momentum features and broaden the low-energy ``${\mathbf{q}}_{7}$'' peaks, whereas scattering at order parameter variations, possibly caused by a dopant-modulated pair interaction around interstitial oxygens, strongly enhances the dispersing ${\mathbf{q}}_{1}$ peaks.
A technique for constructing aspect weavers using a program transformation engine

As aspect-orientation grows in influence, the scope of applicability also will need to expand. The new approaches for improved modularization offered by aspect-orientation can provide benefits not only to new development efforts, but to legacy systems as well. A difficulty with legacy system adoption of aspect-orientation, however, is in the construction of new weavers for the disparate programming languages in which the legacy software is coded. In this paper, we describe our experience with using a program transformation system as the underlying engine for weaver construction. In particular, the capability for weaving aspects into Object Pascal (Delphi) is demonstrated using the Design Maintenance System (DMS). From this Object Pascal weaving environment, the improved modularization of several crosscutting concerns in a commercial software application is shown. The paper also describes an initial approach for construction of language-independent aspect weavers.
Concurrent Vector Algorithms for Spline Solutions of the Helium Pair Equation

An algorithm for the solution of the pair equation for helium is described, suitable for concurrent vector pro cessors. Emphasis is placed on minimizing memory re quirements so that the technique may be extended to systems with more electrons. The pair function is ex panded in a series of partial waves whose radial factor is represented by a tensor product of B-splines. Perfor mance is analyzed for the ground and first excited 1S state, and for the lowest 3S and 1,3P states. An odd-even, column Nesbet algorithm is derived for solving the gen eralized eigenvalue problem and is shown to converge in all cases.
CORRECTING FOR SOCIAL DESIRABILITY RESPONSE SETS IN OPINION-ATTITUDE SURVEY RESEARCH

For over thirty years psychologists have been concerned with the problem of "distortion" in the way people respond to personality-test items. Personality testers at first believed that the responses of subjects to their tests items were direct and unbiased estimates of how these persons actually felt or were. Low predictive validities of the early personality inventories soon convinced them otherwise. Attention then turned to finding out to what degree the subject was "faking good" or lying in his test responses. More recently, investigation of the concept of "response set"-a personal tendency to respond in a specified way within a testing or interview situation-has replaced the earlier emphasis on frankness versus distortion. For instance, Crowne and Marlowe have recently published an important book describing the results of several studies relating the "social desirability response set" ("SD set") or need for approval, to various non-questionnaire situations.' Using a 33-item questionnaire measure of SD set, these psychologists showed that the need for approval so measured was positively associated with such other variables as conformity, sensitivity to norms and social influence, and cautiousness about revealing oneself or endangering one's self-esteem.2 Sociologists inevitably face the problems of response set in survey research on attitudes and opinions, just as psychologists do in their clinical personality testing. In fact, with the growing interest in the interplay between social structure and personality, sociologists are now including in their survey questionnaires ever more items that may be interpreted as measures of personality traits rather than of specific attitudes only.
Applications of Thermodynamics to the Stretching of Cellulose Fibers

Mechanical deformations of cellulose are recognized to take place primarily in the amorphous regions whose nature has not been well defined. Since these regions do not have a regular type of order,...
Quality of Service Analysis for Wireless User-Cooperation Networks

A wireless communication system in which multiple users cooperate to transmit information to a common destination is considered. The traffic generated by the users is subject to a stringent quality of service requirement, which is defined in terms of the asymptotic decay-rate of buffer occupancy. The performance of this communication system is analyzed, and the corresponding achievable rate-region for the two-user scenario is identified. A simple user-cooperation scheme that improves performance is proposed. This cooperative scheme is shown to significantly enlarge the achievable rate-region of the service constrained communication system, provided that the quality of the wireless link between cooperating users is better than the individual connections from the users to the intended destination. Numerical results further indicate that the gains of cooperative strategies can be substantial. This suggests that cooperation allows for a fair distribution of the wireless resources among active users.
Attitudes Toward Women’s Work and Family Roles in the United States, 1976–2013:

We examine time period and generational differences in attitudes toward women’s work and family roles in two large, nationally representative U.S. samples, the Monitoring the Future survey of 12th graders (1976–2013) and the General Social Survey of adults (1977–2012). Twelfth graders became more accepting of working mothers and equal roles for women in the workplace between the 1970s and the 2010s, with most change occurring between the 1970s and the late 1990s. Acceptance of dual-income families and fathers working half-time or not at all (stay-at-home dads) also increased. Thus, for the most part, Millennials (born 1980s–1990s) have continued trends toward more egalitarian gender roles. However, slightly more 12th graders in the 2010s (vs. the late 1990s) favored the husband as the achiever and decision maker in the family. Adults’ attitudes toward working mothers became more egalitarian between the 1970s and the early 1990s, showed a small “backlash” in the late 1990s, and then continued the trend tow...
Migratory Patterns and Exploitation of American Shad in the Nearshore Ocean Waters of Southeastern North Carolina

Abstract A tagging study of American shad Alosa sapidissima was conducted in the nearshore ocean waters of southeastern North Carolina from January through April 1989 and from December 1989 through May 1990. The purpose was to determine migratory patterns of spawning anadromous American shad in those waters and to ascertain whether southeastern North Carolina's developing nearshore fishery is intercepting the stocks of American shad spawning in more southerly states. In total, 301 fish were tagged with Floy FT-1 dart tags. Fifty-seven tags were returned, and all but three of the recaptured fish were found south of the tagging site, There were 42 (74%) recaptured fish from North Carolina, 14 (24%) from South Carolina, and 1 (2%) from Georgia. Bottom temperatures where American shad were captured ranged from 8.0 to 19.9°C, and the maximum number offish were captured where bottom temperature was 13.0°C. This study shows that American shad captured in the nearshore ocean waters off southeastern North Carolina...
Mitochondria: A Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The exact causes of neuronal damage are unknown, but mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial-mediated pathways contribute to the underlying mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal cell death both in PD patients and in PD animal models. Mitochondria are organized in a highly dynamic tubular network that is continuously reshaped by opposing processes of fusion and fission. Defects in either fusion or fission, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, limit mitochondrial motility, decrease energy production and increase oxidative stress, thereby promoting cell dysfunction and death. Thus, the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics processes, such as fusion, fission and mitophagy, represents important mechanisms controlling neuronal cell fate. In this review, we summarize some of the recent evidence supporting that impairment of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial import occurs in cellular and animal PD models and disruption of these processes is a contributing mechanism to cell death in dopaminergic neurons. We also summarize mitochondria-targeting therapeutics in models of PD, proposing that modulation of mitochondrial impairment might be beneficial for drug development toward treatment of PD.
The Golgi and the centrosome: building a functional partnership

The mammalian Golgi apparatus is characterized by a ribbon-like organization adjacent to the centrosome during interphase and extensive fragmentation and dispersal away from the centrosome during mitosis. It is not clear whether this dynamic association between the Golgi and centrosome is of functional significance. We discuss recent findings indicating that the Golgi–centrosome relationship may be important for directional protein transport and centrosome positioning, which are both required for cell polarization. We also summarize our current knowledge of the link between Golgi organization and cell cycle progression.
Frequency Changers - Characteristics, Applications, and Economics

FREQUENCY CHANGERS have been discussed at various times during the past 20 years.1,2 At the 1944 AIEE summer technical meeting there was presented a thorough analysis of the design and operating characteristics of a new 20,000-kw electronic frequency changer.3–7 Its installation, together with increasing interest in railroad electrification for the immediate postwar period, has resulted in a renewed interest in frequency changers.
A randomized trial of colpopexy and urinary reduction efforts (CARE): design and methods

The primary aim of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate whether a standardized modified Burch colposuspension, when added to planned abdominal sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, improves the rate of urinary stress continence in subjects without preoperative symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Secondary aims include comparison of immediate and short-term complications, overall urinary tract function, and other aspects of pelvic health between subjects with and without a concomitant Burch. The value of preoperative urodynamic testing with prolapse reduction will also be compared between subjects with and without a concomitant Burch. This trial is performed through the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network, which is funded by the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Subjects will be enrolled at seven clinical centers across the United States and data will be analyzed by the central data coordinating center. Standardized questionnaires and physical observations and measurements will be obtained. The surgical team is masked to the preoperative urodynamic findings, and the patient and research coordinator are masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome will be determined at 3 months after surgery. Stress continence is defined as absence of stress incontinence symptoms by questionnaire, a negative standardized stress test, and no treatment for stress incontinence other than the study intervention. Additional follow-up occurs at 6, 12, and 24 months. Accrual began in April 2002 and is projected to take 3 years. As of March 6, 2003, 91 patients have been randomized. This article highlights the scientific aspects of trial design for this pivotal clinical trial. The optimal approach to the urinary tract in women treated surgically for prolapse is not known. This trial is designed to provide pelvic surgeons and their patients with scientific data regarding the utility of urodynamics with and without prolapse reduction and the role of colposuspension with sacrocolpopexy.
A study of the spermatozoon of the fowl, with particular reference to osmiophilic bodies in the sperm head

The purpose of this study was to learn something of the nature of the bead-like bodies which occur in the head of the sperm of the fowl since it was found in a previous study that they are apparently affected in a characteristic manner by vitamin E deficiency. Staining tests indicate that these bodies are composed of fats and fatty acids since they respond to osmic acid and Nile blue sulphate. They are also impregnated with silver nitrate and hence may be associated with the so-called Golgi materials of the cell. The beads first appear as a complete single row but subsequently they undergo fragmentation and redistribution. The whole process is probably a final transitory step in sperm transformation. The presence of this fatty material may signify that the sperm of the fowl, in contrast to that of most other animals, carries a store of food material to support its activity after liberation. The sperm may also be the carrier of a definite amount of vitamin E. Furthermore, the presence of this material may offer an explanation of the high resistance of the testis of the fowl to vitamin E deficiency because, since this vitamin is fat soluble, the testis as a whole would probably receive a disproportionately large share of the vitamin E stores of the individual.
A note on the development of the bathymetry of the continental margin west of the Antarctic Peninsula from 65° to 71°S and 65° to 78°W

Multibeam data collected during the United States Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics cruises in 2001 and 2002 aboard the R/VIB Nathaniel B. Palmer were augmented with available multibeam and centerline bathymetry data from a variety of sources to compile a bathymetric data set for the continental shelf west of the Antarctic Peninsula. This new bathymetry data set provides an improvement in the resolution of the bathymetry of the region. The improved data set was used to construct a high-resolution bathymetric map of the continental margin west of the Antarctic Peninsula from 65° to 71°S and from 65° to 78°W.
Unraveling daily human mobility motifs

Summary form only given. Time scales differentiate human mobility. While the mechanism for longtime scales has been studied, the underlying mechanism on the daily scale is still unrevealed. Here, we uncover the mechanism responsible for the daily mobility patterns by analyzing the temporal and spatial trajectories of thousands of persons as individual networks. Using the concept of motifs from network theory, we find only 17 unique networks are present in daily mobility and they follow simple rules. These networks, called here motifs, are sufficient to capture up to 90 per cent of the population in surveys and mobile phone datasets for different countries. Each individual exhibits a characteristic motif, which seems to be stable over several months. Consequently, an analytically tractable framework for Markov chains can reproduce daily human mobility by modeling periods of high-frequency trips followed by periods of lower activity as the key ingredient.
Abstract 14050: The Gut Flora Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction Through Vascular MicroRNA-204-mediated Down-regulation of Endothelial Sirtuin1

The gut flora contributes to development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, one manifestation of which is impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, accompanies and promotes atherosclerotic vascular disease. Here we show that gut flora impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by remotely up-regulating microRNA-204 (miR-204) which downregulates SIRTUIN1 (SIRT1) in the vascular wall. Microarray analysis in aortas of germ-free mice revealed a set of down-regulated microRNAs, including miR-204, which target SIRT1. Suppression of gut flora in mice with antibiotics in drinking water decreased aortic miR-204, increased aortic SIRT1, and improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, effects that were reversed with discontinuation of antibiotics. In addition, miR-204 mimic impaired endothelium-dependent aortic vasorelaxation ex vivo. Moreover, high-fat diet feeding stimulated aortic miR-204, suppressed SIRT1, and impaired endothelial function, all of which were mitigated by administration of antibiotics, and reversed with stoppage of antibiotics. In contrast, antibiotics did not improve high-fat diet-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice conditionally lacking endothelial SIRT1. In addition, anti-miR-204 delivered systemically prevented high-fat diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular SIRT1 decrease. Finally, serum from mice on antibiotics suppressed miR-204, and increased SIRT1, in endothelial cells, effects that were not observed with serum from mice in which antibiotics were discontinued. Therefore, the gut flora remotely downregulates endothelial SIRT1 through miR-204, leading to impairment of endothelial function.