cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing Very High Moisture Content Fine Grained Soils with Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements

This paper focuses on rapidly stabilizing very high moisture soils via calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements. Producing a short-term construction material and/or handling contaminated sediments are the two primary anticipated applications. Literature review showed CSA cements have promise for an application of this nature, but that this subject has largely been unexplored. Behaviors of CSA cements were compared with ordinary portland cements (OPCs) where multiple soil types at a range of cement dosages and moisture contents were tested. There were distinct conditions where OPC outperformed CSA and vice versa. With the exception of very rare and isolated instances, there appears to be no advantage to using CSA cement below 10 % dosage. Moisture contents of 133 % or higher and high cement dosages (e.g., 15 to 20 %) in conjunction with a relatively low organic soil with a moderate liquid limit (e.g., 45 to 65) appears to be a good application for CSA cements.
Emotions and Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

This article is a comment on Vaswani, Karter, Cosgrove, Peters, and Brodt's (2018) article “Depression Screening During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Enhancing Informed Consent Practices.” W...
Preoperative Planning and Postoperative Care in Minimal Invasive Colorectal Surgery

Many of the general principles that have been learned from open colon and rectal surgery can be applied to laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal surgery need a full history and physical exam, with particular attention paid to the number and types of previous abdominal surgeries, as well as any history of any significant abdominal infection. This should be accompanied by appropriate blood work, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and other investigations as dictated by the patient’s age and comorbidities. For patients with colon and rectal cancer, routine preoperative evaluation includes preoperative staging and assessment of resectability, as well as a full colonoscopy to rule out synchronous lesions.
Studies on Lysine-2,3-Aminomutase: Subunit Structure and Sulfhydryl Groups

Summary Lysine-2,3-aminomutase purified from Clostridium SB4 is inactivated by 4M urea, 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate or 3 M guanidine · HCl. The rate of inactivation by sodium dodecyl sulfate is decreased in the presence of l -lysine, S-adenosylmethio nine or S-adenosylhomocysteine but is not affected by d -lysine or several other amino acids. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-dissociated enzyme can be slightly reactivated by removal of the detergent by gel filtration or dialysis. Subunits formed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate have an apparent molecular weight of 48 000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 2.4 S. Since the native enzyme has a molecular weight of 285 000, it probably has an hexameric quaternary structure. The enzyme is sensitive to the thiol inhibitors, p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, and iodoacetic acid. It is inhibited about 90% by treatment with 0.1 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate. This inhibition is partially reversed by glutathione. The enzyme contains approx. 18 sulfhydryl groups per mole of protein (285 000 g) as determined by titration with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid in the presence of 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Approx. 12 thiol groups per mole of enzyme are accessible to titration in the absence of detergent. By amino acid analysis 19.5 half-cystines per mole of enzyme were found. The enzyme cannot be activated at pH 4.6 but is partially activated by subsequent incubation at pH 8.2. Gel filtration experiments, performed at two different pH levels, indicated a reversible dissociation of the enzyme at pH 5.8.
Abstract 3265: Healthy eating index 2005 and the mucosa associated gut microbiome in healthy individuals

Background: Diet is a modifiable risk factor for multiple cancers. It is also known to modulate gut microbial composition and metabolic activity, and plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis. However, our understanding of dietary quality and mucosa-associated microbiota in the large intestine in humans is limited. We examined the association between diet quality and gut microbiota in adults underwent routine colonoscopy in a cross-sectional study. Methods: We enrolled 21 men (50-75 years old, 71% White) who were found to have grossly normal colons at colonoscopy completed between July 2013 and April 2016. We obtained 98 colonic mucosa biopsies, with microbial DNA extracted from snap frozen biopsy. The 16S rRNA V4 region was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The UPARSE and SILVA were used for operational taxonomic unit (OTU) classification. A self-administered BLOCK Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake in the past year. Dietary quality was defined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, and further categorized as low or high using the median of total HEI or 12 individual component scores. We compared alpha-diversity (OTU and Shannon index), beta-diversity (Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis), and relative abundance of bacterial phylum and genus by total HEI and all 12 individual HEI components using Mann-Whitney test. Reported P values were adjusted for multiple testing using false discovery rate. Results: The most abundant bacterial phyla observed were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria. High-quality diet (total HEI score ≥ 63) was not associated with higher richness and evenness of gut microbiome (P = 0.12), but was significantly associated with bacterial composition (P = 0.046). Compared to men who had low-quality diet (total HEI score Citation Format: Yanhong Liu, Nadim J. Ajami, Diane Hutchinson, David Graham, Sarah Plew, Ashley Johnson, Preksha Shah, Liang Chen, Kathryn Royse, Donna L. White, Jennifer Kramer, Matthew C. Wong, Rhonda Cole, Clark Hair, Jason Hou, Nisreen Husain, Maria Jarbrink-Sehgal, Fasiha Kanwal, Gyanprakash Ketwaroo, Rajesh Shah, Maria Velez, Melissa L. Bondy, Hashem B. El-Serag, Joseph F. Petrosino, Li Jiao. Healthy eating index 2005 and the mucosa associated gut microbiome in healthy individuals [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3265.
The Little Engine That Can: Infants' Persistence Matters

Persistence is central to outcomes across a range of domains: the harder you try, the further you get. Yet relatively little is known about the developmental origins of persistence. Here, we highlight key reasons for a surge of interest in persistence in infancy and early childhood.
CT Radiogenomic Characterization of the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Phenotype in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to identify imaging characteristics in patients with known pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) that predict the alternative lengthening of telomere...
Misaccounting for Endogeneity: The Peril of Relying on the Heckman Two‐Step Method without a Valid Instrument

Research Summary Strategy research addresses endogeneity by incorporating econometric techniques, including Heckman's two‐step method. The economics literature theorizes regarding optimal usage of Heckman's method, emphasizing the valid exclusion condition necessary in the first stage. However, our meta‐analysis reveals that only 54 of 165 relevant papers published in the top strategy and organizational theory journals during 1995–2016 claim a valid exclusion restriction. Without this condition being met, our simulation shows that results using the Heckman method are often less reliable than OLS results. Even where Heckman is not possible, we recommend that other rigorous identification approaches be used. We illustrate our recommendation to use a triangulation of identification approaches by revisiting the classic global strategy question of the performance implications of cross‐border market entry through greenfield or acquisition. Managerial Summary Managers make strategic decisions by choosing the best option given the particular circumstances of their firm. However, researchers had previously not taken into consideration these circumstances when evaluating the outcome of that choice. The Heckman method importantly addresses this situation, but requires that the researcher have some variable that effects the best option for the firm, but not the outcome. We show that researchers frequently do not utilize such a variable, and demonstrate that the Heckman method can exacerbate estimation issues in this case. We then provide an approach that researchers can use to address the challenge of determining the outcome of a strategic decision, and illustrate it with an empirical examination of the performance implications of cross‐border market entry through greenfield or acquisition.
Hospital Variation in Child Protection Reports of Substance Exposed Infants.

Objective To examine whether hospital-level factors contribute to discrepancies in reporting to Child Protective Services (CPS) of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure. Study design We used a linked dataset of birth, hospital, and CPS records using diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) to identify infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure. Using multilevel models, we examined hospital-level and individual birth-level factors in relation to a report to CPS among those infants prenatally exposed to substances. Results Of the 760 863 infants born in Washington State between 2006 and 2013, 12 308 (1.6%) were diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure. Infants born at hospitals that served larger populations of patients with Medicaid (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45) and hospitals with higher occupancy rates (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.77) were more likely to be reported to CPS. Infants exposed to amphetamines (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 2.31-2.90) and cocaine (OR, 2.33; 95% CI-1.92, 2.83) were more likely to be reported and infants exposed to cannabis (OR, 0.62; 95% CI-0.55, 0.70) were less likely to be reported to CPS than infants exposed to opioids. Infants with Native American mothers were more likely to be reported to CPS than infants with white mothers (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.27-1.70). Conclusions Hospital-level and individual birth-level factors impact the likelihood of infants prenatally exposed to substances being reported to CPS, providing additional knowledge about which infants are reported to CPS. Targeted education and improved policies are necessary to ensure more standardized approaches to CPS reporting of prenatal substance exposure.
Conformal Invariance, Multiple Scattering and the Au(110) (1×2) to (1×1) Phase Transition

Conformal invariance predicts the scattering lineshape and full dependence on scattering parameters for LEED (Low-Energy Electron Diffraction) intensities from finite regions at second-order phase transitions in 2-D. Existing data for the Au(110) (1×2) to (1×1) phase transition provide a partial test of the theory. Good agreement for the lineshape is obtained over a range of temperatures including the expected “bulk” (infinite plane) transition temperature Tc. Such comparisons constitute important tests of the conformal principle, since fundamental quantities in field theory are probed. The predicted intimate relation between finite size and intensity variations may provide an important tool in surface characterization.
Targeting DNA Damage Response Promotes Antitumor Immunity through STING-Mediated T-cell Activation in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Despite recent advances in the use of immunotherapy, only a minority of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here, we show that targeting DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) significantly increased protein and surface expression of PD-L1. PARP or CHK1 inhibition remarkably potentiated the anti-tumor effect of PD-L1 blockade and augmented cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in multiple immunocompetent SCLC in vivo models. CD8 depletion reversed the anti-tumor effect demonstrating the role of CD8+ T-cells in combined DDR-PD-L1 blockade in SCLC. We further demonstrate that DDR inhibition activated the STING/TBK1/IRF3 innate immune pathway, leading to increased levels of chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL5 that induced activation and function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Knockdown of cGAS and STING successfully reversed the anti-tumor effect of combined inhibition DDR and PD-L1. Our results define previously unrecognized innate immune pathway-mediated immunomodulatory functions of DDR proteins and provide a rationale for combining PARP/CHK1 inhibitors and immunotherapies in SCLC.
Investigations Into The Structure Of The Adsorbed Layer of Dodecylsulfate at the Alumina-Water Interface

Fluorescence and electron spin resonance probes have been used along with zeta potentials and adsorption isotherms to study the solid-water interfacial layer formed by dodecylsulfate adsorbed on alumina. In sum, our results indicate that the surface aggregation (hemimicellization) involves four regions of increasing surfactant concentration characterized by the following: (I) electrostatic binding of the sulfates to the positively charged alumina with minimal aggregation; (II) formation of highly ordered local surfactant aggregates which increase in number, but not in size, as a function of surfactant concentration; (III) charge reversal at the surface, and increase in surface aggregate size but not in number; (IY) surface saturation, i.e., maximum surface coverage as limited by the available surface area or maximum monomer activity achieved as a result of solution micellization. It is concluded that the hemimicelles are considerably more viscous at the microscopic level (for motions of solubilized probes) than the corresponding micelles (approximately lOOcP for SDS hemimicelles compared to 10 cP for SDS micelles). In addition, the ordering of the alkyl chains appears to be such that the positions near the solid surface are more tightly packed than those near the air-water interface. The micropolarity of SDS hemimicelles is comparable to that of SDS micelles, that is, the polarity inside a hemimicelle is considerably lower than that of water. Both microviscosity and micropolarity remain constant after the onset of hemimicellization (Regions II through IV).
Circadian regulator CLOCK recruits immune suppressive microglia into the GBM tumor microenvironment

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor containing a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSC). Pan-cancer analyses have revealed that stemness of cancer cells correlates positively with immunosuppressive pathways in many solid tumors, including GBM, prompting us to conduct a gain-of-function screen of epigenetic regulators that may influence GSC self-renewal and tumor immunity. The circadian regulator CLOCK emerged as a top hit in enhancing stem-cell self-renewal, which was amplified in about 5% of human GBM cases. CLOCK and its heterodimeric partner BMAL1 enhanced GSC self-renewal and triggered protumor immunity via transcriptional upregulation of OLFML3, a novel chemokine recruiting immune-suppressive microglia into the tumor microenvironment. In GBM models, CLOCK or OLFML3 depletion reduced intratumoral microglia density and extended overall survival. We conclude that the CLOCK-BMAL1 complex contributes to key GBM hallmarks of GSC maintenance and immunosuppression and, together with its downstream target OLFML3, represents new therapeutic targets for this disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Circadian regulator CLOCK drives GSC self-renewal and metabolism and promotes microglia infiltration through direct regulation of a novel microglia-attracting chemokine, OLFML3. CLOCK and/or OLFML3 may represent novel therapeutic targets for GBM.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 327.
Consultation-Liaison Activities in a General Hospital Emergency Room (ER)

Ungerleider (1), Errera et. al. (2), and Atkins (3) in the 1960’s reviewed psychiatric emergencies and emergency psychiatric services in a general hospital. Only Ungerleider discussed the Consultation-Liaison role of the psychiatric resident in this setting which had a combined Psychiatric Emergency Service and Consultation-Liaison Service. Gerson and Bassuk (4) provided the most recent comprehensive review of the issues involved in Psychiatric Emergency Services. Although there is substantial literature on the assessment of suicide attempters and their characteristics (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), there is very little available literature on the consultation-liaison role of psychiatrists in Emergency Room settings. The role of the ER rotation in integrating the identity and skills of the physician with the identity and skills of the neuropsychiatrist has not been widely addressed in the literature.
Reapropriação do direito de exitir: Atravessamentos sociais na vida de pessoas trans

Pessoas trans, por escaparem as imposicoes da logica cisheteronormativa, encontram-se em vulnerabilidade social muito cedo e expostas a varios tipos de violencias. Com base em uma Analise Critica do Discurso de tres entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas que se encontram em diferentes posicoes dentro do espectro das identidades trans, buscou-se refletir sobre os atravessamentos sociais em suas vidas. A partir de um processo de singularizacao, constatou-se que ha um movimento ativo de resistencia que persegue a reapropriacao coletiva da potencia da vida. Com isso, pretende-se gerar novos modos de vida, conquistar seus direitos de existir e a transformar suas realidades.
Evaluation of passive microwave melt detection methods on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves using time series of Sentinel-1 SAR

Abstract Passive microwave datasets have been used to quantify the extent and duration of surface melt in Greenland and Antarctica from 1978 on with daily and near-daily intervals. These results have important implications for climate analysis and may help evaluate ice shelf stability. However, the accuracy of passive microwave methods used to detect melt is difficult to quantify, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula. Here four different melt detection methods are employed, including a new formulation of a statistical analysis of brightness temperature time series using a K-means clustering algorithm. Strikingly, two of the most widely used passive microwave melt detection methods are found to vary by 48% mean days of melt per year across six different locations on the Larsen C, Wilkins, and George VI Ice Shelves. In the absence of ground truth observations, time series of Sentinel-1 SAR observations from 2016 on provide a comparison dataset. In topographically flat regions where surface melt is spatially uniform, the passive microwave melt detection method based on a K-means analysis and the cross-polarization gradient ratio method demonstrate the highest agreement and correlation with active radar melt detection methods. One issue which has plagued passive microwave analysis is its coarse spatial resolution. High resolution SAR images are able to demonstrate and quantify the spatial variability of melt within individual passive microwave pixels. Melt is shown to be suitably uniform in space for passive microwave applications at the study sites on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves, but not so in other regions of the Antarctic Peninsula. Spatial heterogeneity of surface melt on the sub-pixel scale is often related to varying surface topography.
Anomaly freedom and realisations for super-W3 strings

Abstract We construct new multi-field realisations of the N = 2 super-W3 algebra, which are important for building super-W3 string theories. We derive the structure of the ghost vacuum for such theories, and use the result to calculate the intercepts. These results determine the conditions for physical states in the super-W3 string theory.
Sub-Hertz Spectral Analysis of Polarization of Light in a Transcontinental Submarine Cable

We report on a field-trial over the Curie cable connecting USA to Chile. We detected environmental changes through measurements of polarization of light. Seismic waves stemming from moderate-size earthquakes caused perturbations in the 0.5-3Hz range, suggesting that transcontinental cables may be used to detect earthquakes.
Ka-Band Offset Spherical Reflector Antenna Fed by Dual-CP Horn Array with Switched Multiple-Beams

A high-performance feed horn antenna with dual circular polarization (CP) is proposed at 5G millimeter-wave band (26.5 – 29.5 GHz) for multiple switched beam spherical reflector antenna application. This horn antenna is designed using a circular waveguide and has an inbuilt polarizer made of radially opposite rectangular grooves. The horn antenna has corrugated teeth and choke at the aperture to achieve wide axial ratio beamwidth and high front-to-back ratio. The simulated inter-port isolation is below -25 dB, port reflection coefficients is below -15 dB, and axial ratio is below 1 dB in the 27.5 – 28.35 GHz of the 5G communication band. Five of these feed horn antennas are placed along the focal-arc of the offset spherical reflector to achieve high gain dual-CP stable switched beams. The peak simulated realized gain of the reflector is more than 30 dBic for both the polarization and for different beam switched angles.
Teaching Social Work Practice in the Shared Trauma of a Global Pandemic

Unique clinical dynamics occur when both clinician and client are exposed to the same community traumatic event or reality. This reflection explores the applicability of the concept of shared trauma for social work educators in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author describes her experiences shifting suddenly to teaching social work direct practice courses online, against the backdrop of a rapidly escalating coronavirus pandemic. Several parallels to the clinical concept of shared trauma are described, including a stronger emphasis on the mutuality of the teaching relationship, heightened emotional identification with students, and blurred professional boundaries in the student-teacher relationship. The author also describes significant differences between her own experiences and those of her students, recognizing that shared trauma is not always shared proportionately in environments of persistent racial and economic inequality. The chapter concludes with implications for educators working in shared trauma contexts, including the importance of self-care and administrative support. Teaching in a shared traumatic reality requires social work educators to stay cognizant of our connections to our students, as well as the disproportionate tolls of this pandemic.
Emergence of Young Adult Fiction in Indian English

The novel is the major literary forms appropriated in Indian Writing in English from the Western canon. Most Indian fiction writers are true to the English tradition of novel writing both in theme and treatment. They deal with a wide ranging of thematic concerns and techniques and they adopt the narrative techniques already experimented in the West. Of course, there are some novelists like Salman Rushdie and Amitav Ghosh who stand out from the rest for their bold experiment. Interestingly, some writers during the first decade of the twenty first century have employed young adults and their points of view to deal with Indian social realities for the first time in the history of Indian fiction in English. Indian Fiction in English has branched out into a new sub-genre — young adult/adolescence novel — in the hands of Arvind Adiga, Vikas Swarup, and Chetan Bhagat. This paper critically examines the forms and themes of young adult fiction in Indian English.
Cities and the Politics of Difference: Multiculturalism and Diversity in Urban Planning

Book Review by Molly Ranahan of Cities and the Politics of Difference: Multiculturalism and Diversity in Urban Planning, Michael A. Burayidi, editor.
Correlates and the Heritability Estimates of Metabolic Syndrome among African American: The Jackson Heart Study

The study aimed to investigate the correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and estimate the heritability of MetS and its components in African Americans (AA). We analyzed the data of 1909 men and 3318 women from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Participants were classified as having the MetS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We used logistic regression analyses to isolate significantly associated covariates. Heritability was calculated from the family study subset of JHS (1636 individuals, 281 families) using variance component methods. About 27% of men and about 40% of women participants had MetS. For men, factors associated with having MetS were older age, lower physical activity level, higher body mass index, higher homocysteine and lower adiponectin levels (p<0.05 for all). For women on the other hand, in addition to all these factors, low level of education, current smoking, alcohol drinking and higher stress also showed significant association (p<0.05 for all). After adjusting for c...
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in dengue virus infection

Dengue viruses are members of the family Flaviviridae and there are four serotypes, dengue virus types 1, 2, 3, and 4. The genome of dengue viruses consists of a single-stranded RNA nearly 11 kb in length which is plusstranded and infectious (RICE et al. 1986). Dengue virus genome codes for three structural proteins, capsid (C), PreM, which is a precursor to membrane (M), and envelope (E), and seven nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, and NS5 (Zhao et al. 1986; Mackow et al. 1987; Henchal and Putnak 1990). The functions of these proteins are not clearly understood. NS3 protein has been reported to have protease activity (Preugshat et al. 1990) and also contains conserved epitopes characteristic of helicases (Golbalenya et al. 1989). The virion consists of RNA genome surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing E and M proteins. Dengue viruses infect monocytes and other macrophages (Halstead et al. 1977), B lymphoblastoid cells (Sung et al. 1975; Theofilopoulos et al. 1976), T cell tumor lines (Kurane et al. 1990), epithelial cells (Smith and Wright1985), fibroblasts (Kurane et al. 1992), and endothelial cells (Andrews et al. 1978) in vitro. However, it is believed that in vivo monocytes and other macrophages are the important source of dengue virus replication (Halstead et al. 1977; Boonpucknavig et al. 1976, 1979).
Isokinetic Hip Abductor to Adductor Torque Ratio in Normals

. -----------------The purpose of this study was to determine a relationship between hip abductor and adductor muscle force output measured isokinetically in normal adult subjects. Bilateral testing of 42 normal subjects ages 21-36 (n = 84) was performed isokinetically (MERAC) in a -5 deg to 35 deg range of motion (ROM) at 60 deg/sec. Subjects were positioned on the test bench lying on their side with test limb up, knee extended, and leg in neutral rotation. The mean peak abductor: adductor torque output ratio was 1 : 2.30 (0.44) for the total sample. As motion occurred in the coronal plane, a statistically significant change in mean
Real-time environmental monitoring from a wind farm platform in the Texas hypoxia zone

Ocean observing systems (OOS) are useful tools for assisting coastal managers with informed decision-making. OOS are designed to monitor environmental, oceanographic, and atmospheric parameters and can be installed on a variety of offshore platforms. In the summer of 2009, a multi-disciplinary real-time OOS, Galveston Instrument Garden for Environmental Monitoring (GIGEM), was deployed off the coast of Galveston, Texas (Location: 29o08'29.654''N, 094o44'51.339''W) to monitor coastal waters and provide data to investigate the processes controlling coastal Texas hypoxia. Hypoxia occurs in the Gulf of Mexico and refers to low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the bottom waters caused by a combination of environmental and physical parameters. Hypoxic events commonly occur along the Louisiana and Texas coasts however, little research has been conducted to investigate the processes responsible for Texas hypoxia formation. GIGEM was designed to help solve this problem by contributing real-time measurements to compare with historical coastal data series. Unlike traditional coastal OOS, GIGEM is installed on an experimental wind farm platform, operated by Wind Energy System Technologies Inc. (WEST). GIGEM is comprised of two components, the underwater mooring and bottom package, with all instrumentation connected by a unique, intricate design of seawater and surface inductive modems. GIGEM is also the only coastal OOS collecting real-time environmental water quality measurements on the Texas shelf. The work presented describes the obstacles and challenges with deploying GIGEM, the flow of information from the water column to the user, and future plans for constructing a comprehensive picture of Texas coastal hypoxia. Details are also presented on how this type of OOS compares with additional OOS in the Gulf of Mexico and how the societal goals for protecting coastal ecosystems and improving coastal weather and ocean predictions implemented by the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) are fulfilled.
Application of the Veneziano model in the reaction π+d → dπ+π−π+ at 5.4. GeV/c

Abstract We have applied the Veneziano model for the spin-parity 1 + case to the low-mass 3 π system produced in the reaction π + d → d π + π + π − and have compared the results with those for a symmetrized ϱ -pole model We find that a non-zero ϵ 0 π decay mode is needed to fit the Dalitz plot of the 3 π system. The Veneziano model inherently incorporates the daughter ϵ 0 contribution along with the parent ϱ trajectory in the amplitude and gives a good fit to the data with a value of G s / G d = −0.15 +0.09 −0.15 GeV 2 , where G s and G d are related to the s− and d-wave A 1 ϱπ couplings. A symmetrized pole model can only be made to fit the data if both ϱ and ϵ 0 pole contributions are assumed.
DNA-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION IN TETRAHYMENA

Publisher Summary Tetrahyrnena can be used to study the function of any cloned gene involved in ciliary function or biogenesis using gene replacement or gene knockout. T. thermophila is the only ciliated or flagellate model currently available in which high-frequency transformation and gene replacement can be performed. The diploid, germinal micronucleus is transcriptionally silent during vegetative growth, divides mitotically, and serves as a genetic repository. The macronucleus is a polyploid somatic nucleus, divides amitotically, is transcriptionally active, and is responsible for the phenotype. Tetrahymena grow vegetatively by binary fission. Conjugation, the sexual phase of the ciliate life cycle, is induced by starvation. During each conjugation, cells of different mating types pair and micronuclei undergo meiosis. This chapter highlights transformation techniques for the somatic macronucleus. Genes introduced into the macronucleus are stably maintained either because they become integrated or because they are on origin-containing plasmids and persist there until the next mating when the macronucleus is replaced. As T. thermophila can be propagated indefinitely without mating, macronuclear transformation provides a way to obtain stable somatic transformants. In Tetrahymena, genes can be either targeted into homologous locations or expressed on a replicative plasmid. The DNA recombination activity observed to date in the Tetrahymena macronucleus is exclusively homologous, enabling highly predictable targeting of the transforming DNA fragments. Also, unlike another ciliate, Paramecium, in Tetrahymena, DNA introduced into the macronucleus requires a replication origin to be replicated.
Knowledge management in pursuit of performance: insights from nortel networks

From 1994 through 2000, Nortel Networks transformed itself from a technology-focused to an opportunity/customer-focused company. By 2000, Nortel was a profitable, innovative leader in the telecommunications industry. The change was the result of an ambitious effort to redesign its entire new product development (NPD) process such that time-to-market was significantly reduced. NPD is highly knowledge-intensive work based on the individual and collective expertise of employees. The primary focus of this case study is on Nortel's efforts to reengineer the front-end of its NPD process and capitalize on knowledge assets. This effort was built around a process-oriented knowledge management (KM) strategy, involving a tripartite and systematic focus on process, people, and technology. Through our case analysis we develop a model of KM success by exploring Nortel's KM strategy and the managerial, resource, and environmental factors that influenced Nortel's success. Nortel's experiences suggest lessons for other firms attempting to manage knowledge assets in core business processes.
Temperament-Based Intervention: Re-examining Goodness of Fit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how recent advances in the temperament field have contributed to the scientific foundation of temperament-based intervention. A presentation of the historical origins of temperament-based intervention is followed by examples of recent studies that add to its empirical support. Guidelines for developing and adapting temperament-based interventions are offered. The goodness of fit model, frequently used as a basis for temperament-based intervention, is re-examined through the lens of self-regulation.
Measuring the Effect of Virtual Librarian Intervention on Student Online Search

Abstract In this paper we describe the results from a case study of the online search behavior of high school students, and the effect of virtual librarian intervention on the quality of the search results. Search log data of students' actions were analyzed, librarians recommended revised search terms, new searches were conducted with these terms, and the difference in results was analyzed. Results showed that the librarians' recommended queries were more focused and produced results of a higher reading level, which was used as a proxy for source quality. The work presented here is a preliminary investigation of how librarian search expertise can improve online search results, and raises questions about how to support online student search that are of interest to both librarians and information science researchers. Possible directions for future research are discussed.
Immigrant Rights Are Human Rights: The Reframing of Immigrant Entitlement and Welfare

The racial and gendered politics of the 1996 welfare reform movement incorporated an anti-immigrant stance that fundamentally altered non-citizens' access to public benefits. This article focuses on community mobilization efforts to reframe the discourse of the “immigrant welfare problem” in order to restore benefits in the aftermath of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Drawing from two years of participatory research in community organizations, I found immigrant rights groups engaged in a variety of counter-rhetorical strategies. These strategies invoked a rhetoric of moral reasoning in order to promote the en-titlement of non-citizens to remain eligible for public benefits. Utilizing social movement framing perspectives, I examine the claims-making strategies that appeal to common beliefs about aging, frailty, disability, and the obligation of the United States to its veterans. However, collective action frames comprised moral constructions of human rights for only specific immigrant groups that lost specific benefits. I consider the broader implications of such findings for immigrant and welfare rights movements. This case illustrates the significance of, and the dilemmas confronting, counter-framing strategies within community mobilization efforts.
Limiting forms of the Michaelis-Menten equation

Abstract 1. 1. The behaviour of the Michaelis-Menten equation. v i = V max S 0 / K m + S 0 has been examined under the conditions S 0 ⪡ K m , and S 0 ⪢ K m . 2. 2. Direct plots for the evaluation of the parameters K m and V max under these conditions have been suggested, and it has been demonstrated that the proposed methods are both simpler and more precise than conventional techniques under these concentration conditions.
Participation of the eyes in the photostimulation of chickens.

Abstract This study examined the participation of the eyes in the photosexual response of chickens to incandescent and fluorescent light. Intact and blinded female chickens were exposed to short photoperiods (8L:16D) of incandescent and fluorescent light and the age at first egg and rate of egg production were determined. Incandescent light was inhibitory to the age at first egg and the early rate of egg production. Blinding prevented this response. It was concluded that the eye is not essential to the photosexual reponse of chickens but that it may modify the response to light in certain conditions.
Hypergeometric Equation in Modeling Relativistic Isotropic Sphere

We study the Einstein system of equations in static spherically symmetric spacetimes. We obtained classes of exact solutions to the Einstein system by transforming the condition for pressure isotropy to a hypergeometric equation choosing a rational form for one of the gravitational potentials. The solutions are given in simple form that is a desirable requisite to study the behavior of relativistic compact objects in detail. A physical analysis indicate that our models satisfy all the fundamental requirements of realistic star and match smoothly with the exterior Schwarzschild metric. The derived masses and densities are consistent with the previously reported experimental and theoretical studies describing strange stars. The models satisfy the standard energy conditions required by normal matter.
Non-RRKM decomposition in a chemical activation system: thermal atomic fluorine plus tetraallyl tin

Abstract The SnC12H20F* radical formed by thermal F addition to gaseous Sn(CH2CH=CH2)4 decomposes to CH2=CHF + R at a rate ≈ 103 faster than consistent with RRKM theory. The non-RRKM behavior is attributed to lack of internal energy equilibration beyond the central CSnC bonding on a time scale of 10−10-10−9 s.
Computational investigations of structural changes resulting from point mutations in a collagen‐like peptide

The results of 0.5-1.0 ns molecular dynamics simulations of the collagen-like peptides [(POG)4(POA)(POG)4]3 and [(POG)9]3 (POG: proline-hydroxyproline-glycine) are presented. All simulations were performed using the AMBER-94 molecular mechanical force field with a shell of TIP3P waters surrounding the peptides. The initial geometries for the collagen-like peptides included an x-ray crystallographic structure, a computer-generated structure, a [(POG)9]3 structure modeled from the x-ray structure, and the x-ray structure with crystallographic waters replaced with a shell of modeled TIP3P waters. We examined the molecular dynamics peptide residue rms deviation fluctuations, dihedral angles, molecular and chain end-to-end distances, helical parameters, and peptide-peptide and peptide-solvent hydrogen-bonding patterns. Our molecular dynamics simulations of [(POG)4(POA)(POG)4]3 show average structures and internal coordinates similar to the x-ray crystallographic structure. Our results demonstrate that molecular dynamics can be used to reproduce the experimental structures of collagen-like peptides. We have demonstrated the feasibility of using the AMBER-94 molecular mechanical force field, which was parameterized to model nucleic acids and globular proteins, for fibril proteins. We provide a new interpretation of peptide-solvent hydrogen bonding and a peptide-peptide hydrogen bonding pattern not previously reported in x-ray studies. Last, we report on the differences; in particular with respect to main-chain dihedral angles and hydrogen bonding, between the native and mutant collagen-like peptides.
Fine structure of an image facsimile synthesized with a Gaussian spot.

A TV picture or any other line-scan image facsimile is anisotropic. Its intensity varies continuously along a sweep, and its resolution capability in this direction can be described by a modulation transfer function (MTF). In the orthogonal direction the facsimile’s fine structure is discontinuous, and only discrete spatial frequencies can be reproduced. Such a system can be characterized by its MTF in the sweep direction and the ratio of its sweep interval and spot diameter. If the spot has a rotationally symmetric Gaussian intensity distribution, the fine structure of the facsimile can be described in terms of the Gaussian spot profile. With a compatible relay-lens design, the optimum spot diameter for a CRT-to-film recording system is less than that for a directly viewed display.
A Means of Increasing the Oxidation Resistance of Diamond

IN the search for techniques by which to determine small amounts (0.01–1 per cent) of light-atom impurities in laboratory-prepared diamond1, we have attempted to use strongly oxidizing melts and combustion in oxygen to destroy the host. Useful results for the carbon-13 distribution in undoped diamonds2 have already been obtained by the direct combustion technique. However, straightforward combustion in oxygen did not produce complete oxidation of boron-doped diamonds. Microscopic examination of the incompletely burned diamonds and their behaviour toward alkali suggested that the residue was covered with a layer of boric oxide, which, being continuous and of low vapour pressure, inhibited further attack of oxygen on the diamond. Complete oxidation of the sample could be achieved only by alternately heating the sample at 800° C in oxygen and washing the residue in the platinum boat with successive portions of 1 N sodium hydroxide and water. The boric oxide that was removed from the diamond surface by these washing steps was determined by potentiometric alkalimetric titration of the borate in the combined wash solutions.
Norepinephrine produces tension through electromechanical coupling in rabbit ear artery

Abstract Membrane potential (Em) and contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE) were measured to determine whether electromechanical coupling is important in the rabbit ear artery. NE contraction and depolarization of the vascular muscle cells were both dose dependent, with a positive correlation between depolarization and tension generated by the vessel. These studies suggest that NE regulates vascular muscle contraction through an Em signal in the rabbit ear artery.
THE EFFECTS OF HURRICANE KATRINA ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FIVE YEARS AFTER THE STORM

Results: During the 5-year post-Katrina group, there were 849 admissions for AMI out of a total census of 38,521 patients (2.2%) compared to 150 admissions out of a census of 21,079 (0.7%) in the 2-year pre-Katrina group (p<0.0001). The post-Katrina group had a higher prevalence of known coronary artery disease (48.5% vs. 30.7%, p<0.001), prior coronary artery bypass grafts (14.1% vs. 9.3%, p<0.05), hyperlipidemia (53.8% vs. 45.0%, p<0.01), psychiatric comorbidities (11.0% vs. 6.7%, p<0.05), smoking (56.4% vs. 39.3%, p<0.0005), and substance abuse (15.9% vs. 6.7%, p<0.005). While the post-Katrina group had more often been prescribed aspirin (42.4% vs. 31.3%, p<0.05), ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (47.4% vs. 36.0%, p<0.05), and statins (44.0% vs. 28.0%, p<0.005), medication adherence was less (53.3% vs. 70.7%, p<0.0001). The post-Katrina group was also more likely to be unemployed (17.9% vs. 2.0%, p<0.0001), uninsured (11.5% vs. 6.0%, p<0.0001), and reside in New Orleans (88.1% vs. 70.0%, p<0.0001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Conclusion: Hurricane Katrina placed an arduous physical, psychological, and social burden on the residents of New Orleans. After five years of study at our institution, we find a three-fold increased incidence of AMI along with increased rates of coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, psychiatric comorbidities, smoking, substance abuse, medication non-adherence, unemployment, and lack of medical insurance. The higher prevalence of these clinical and psychosocial risk factors suggests that this profound natural disaster has had a long-standing impact on cardiovascular health in our community.
Acute sphenoid sinusitis presenting as aseptic meningitis: a pachymeningitis syndrome

A bacterial infection or abscess adjacent to the meninges can produce symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis similar to those of meningitis. Effective treatment, however, requires the administration of different antibiotics than those used routinely for bacterial meningitis. In addition, surgery may be indicated. This report describes a case of sphenoid sinusitis mimicking acute aseptic (viral) meningitis.
On the macroscopic stability of freeway traffic

Abstract A simple model of traffic flow is used to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of flow and density on closed-loop homogeneous freeways with many ramps, which produce inflows and allow outflows. As we would expect, if the on-ramp demand is space-independent then this distribution tends toward uniformity in space if the freeway is either: (i) uncongested; or (ii) congested with queues on its on-ramps and enough inflow to cause the average freeway density to increase with time. In all other cases, however, including any recovery phase of a rush hour where the freeway’s average density declines, the distribution of flow and density quickly becomes uneven. This happens even under conditions of perfect symmetry, where the percentage of vehicles exiting at every off ramp is the same. The flow-density deviations from the average are shown to grow exponentially in time and propagate backwards in space with a fixed wave speed. A consequence of this type of instability is that, during recovery, gaps of uncongested traffic will quickly appear in the unevenly congested stream, reducing average flow. This extends the duration of recovery and invariably creates clockwise hysteresis loops on scatter-plots of average system flow vs. density during any rush hour that oversaturates the freeway. All these effects are quantified with formulas and verified with simulations. Some have been observed in real networks. In a more practical vein, it is also shown that the negative effects of instability diminish (i.e., freeway flows increase) if (a) some drivers choose to exit the freeway prematurely when it is too congested and/or (b) freeway access is regulated in a certain traffic-responsive way. These two findings could be used to improve the algorithms behind VMS displays for driver guidance (finding a), and on-ramp metering rates (finding b).
Adverse neuropsychiatric reactions to herbal and over-the-counter "antidepressants".

Background Many unregulated over-the-counter agents for the treatment of depression are now available to patients and consumers. The potential for adverse neuropsychiatric effects with these agents has not been systematically studied in most cases. Data sources The author performed a MEDLINE search on a variety of herbal and nonherbal over-the-counter agents said to be useful in the treatment of depression. The Physicians' Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines was also consulted. Data synthesis Although many of the herbal agents said to have benefits in depression appear to be safe, serious neuropsychiatric side effects and interactions have been reported for several over-the-counter "antidepressants." There is reason to suspect underreporting of those adverse events. Moreover, there is very little evidence from systematic studies regarding the potential for drug-drug or herb-drug interactions with these over-the-counter agents. Vitamins and amino acids touted for the treatment of depression are also not without risk. Conclusion Although some over-the-counter remedies for depression are probably safe and effective for as-yet unidentified subgroups of depressed individuals, more research is required before these agents can be recommended for routine use. Stricter U.S. Food and Drug Administration oversight of these agents is indicated.