cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of chronic dyspepsia in the presence of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Talley NJ. Spectrum of chronic dyspepsia in the presence of the irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991, 26(suppl 182), 7–10The irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by the presence of abdominal pain associated with disturbed defecation; certain symptoms are able to discriminate the irritable bowel syndrome from organic disease. Functional dyspepsia is also common in patients with symptoms otherwise compatible with the irritable bowel syndrome. Approximately one-third of patients with functional dyspepsia have symptoms thought to be of colonic origin. Despite this, functional dyspepsia can be distinguished from the irritable bowel syndrome on the basis of symptom criteria. A generalized motility disturbance may explain the presence of dyspepsia in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Whether a specific type of dyspepsia occurs in this syndrome is not established.
Financial Systems, Crises, and Regulation

This chapter of the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation considers, in broad historical perspective and also with respect to the global financial crisis, why financial systems are crisis-prone and the relationship between financial crises and regulation. It begins with an overview of financial crises generally, and then considers both the historical and potential future role of regulation in financial crises. It discusses various theories of the roots of financial crises (cognitive error, moral hazard, information asymmetry, agency costs, trust, and complications of measurement and specification), as well as relevant policy measures (governance reforms, bank capital requirements, capital controls, and the role of the lender of last resort).
Hepatitis C Disease Burden in the United States in the era of oral direct-acting antivirals.

Oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represent a major advance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Along with recent updates in HCV screening policy and expansions in insurance coverage, treatment demand in the United States is changing rapidly. Our objective was to project the characteristics and number of people needing antiviral treatment and HCV-associated disease burden in the era of oral DAAs. We used a previously developed and validated Hepatitis C Disease Burden Simulation model (HEP-SIM). HEP-SIM simulated the actual clinical management of HCV from 2001 onward, which included antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-based therapies as well as the recent oral DAAs, risk-based and birth-cohort HCV screening, and the impact of the Affordable Care Act. We also simulated two hypothetical scenarios—no treatment and treatment with Peg-IFN-based therapies only. We estimated that in 2010, 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.1) million noninstitutionalized people were viremic, which dropped to 1.9 (95% CI, 1.4-2.6) million in 2015, and projected to drop below 1 million by 2020. A total of 1.8 million HCV patients will receive HCV treatment from the launch of oral DAAs in 2014 until 2030. Based on current HCV management practices, it will take 4-6 years to treat the majority of patients aware of their disease. However, 560,000 patients would still remain unaware by 2020. Even in the oral DAA era, 320,000 patients will die, 157,000 will develop hepatocellular carcinoma, and 203,000 will develop decompensated cirrhosis in the next 35 years. Conclusions: HCV-associated disease burden will still remain substantial in the era of oral DAAs. Increasing HCV screening and treatment capacity is essential to further decreasing HCV burden in the United States. (Hepatology 2016;64:1442-1450)
Effects of Dissemination of Low Dosage Levels of a Granulosis Virus in Populations of the Codling Moth

Relatively low dosages of a granulosis virus of Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) were disseminated in an Ohio apple orchard in 1974. Dosages of 107 (1/500 larval equivalent (L.E.), 108 (1/50 L.E.), and 109 (1/5 L.E.) capsules/tree sprayed during the 2nd generation reduced population levels by 0, 42, and 34%, respectively. Infestations also were reduced by 28% with a dosage of 109 capsules/tree. Larval populations were affected before entry, soon after entry, and after deep entry into apples. From 15–30% of the larvae in apples harvested from unsprayed trees were infected with granulosis. Apparently, virus increased and spread in the orchard after dissemination.
Reconstitution of diphthine synthase activity in vitro.

Diphthamide, the target of diphtheria toxin, is a unique posttranslational modification on eukaryotic and archaeal translation elongation factor 2 (EF2). Although diphthamide modification was disco...
Septic abortion with placenta accreta in pregnancy after endometrial ablation.

BACKGROUND Pregnancy after endometrial ablation is a rare event, occurring in approximately 0.7% of cases. When it occurs, serious complications may be anticipated for both mother and fetus, including abnormal placentation. Termination of pregnancy in these cases is a challenging issue, made more so by the lack of availability of these services. CASE We report a case of pregnancy after endometrial ablation complicated by placenta accreta. Initiation of a second-trimester termination procedure with lethal fetal injection resulted in subsequent septic abortion necessitating abdominal hysterectomy. CONCLUSION Pregnancy after endometrial ablation is a rare and potentially morbid event. Patients should be counseled about the necessity of contraception at the time of endometrial ablation. Termination should be approached with caution and requires the availability of skilled providers.
Impact of Extrafloral Cotton Nectaries on Feeding Behavior of Young Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

The allelochemical concentrations in extrafloral nectary tissues are similar to those in corresponding tissues of nectariless cottons. Variation exists among nectaried cotton lines in size of extra floral nectaries. Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae are not attracted to extrafloral nectar, but this nectar does appear to be a feeding stimulant. Extrafloral nectarines are important routes of entry by larvae damaging ovaries of cotton squares; however, larvae damaged equal numbers of pistils regardless of presence or absence of extrafloral nectaries. The artificial infestation of cotton terminals allowed for more natural feeding behavior of larvae than application of larvae directly to squares.
The Production Effect: Costs and Benefits in Free Recall

The production effect, the memorial benefit for information read aloud versus silently, has been touted as a simple memory improvement tool. The current experiments were designed to evaluate the relative costs and benefits of production using a free recall paradigm. Results extend beyond prior work showing a production effect only when production is manipulated within subject, not between, using a free recall paradigm. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the production effect is primarily driven by decreased memory for items read silently, not increased memory for items read aloud.
Comparative studies on 3-oxo acid coenzyme A transferase from various rat tissues.

1. Tissue activities, intracellular distribution as well as selected kinetic and molecular properties of succinyl-CoA–3-oxo acid CoA transferase (EC 2.8.3.5), which is an initiator of ketone body usage, were examined in rat kidney, heart, brain, skeletal muscle and liver. 2. The activities of the transferase in these tissues are similar to reported values and are somewhat affected by the homogenization medium. Higher recoveries of activity are obtained when a phosphate buffer is used during the homogenization; Tris solutions containing sucrose and mannitol lead to only slightly lower recoveries, but can be used in studies to determine the subcellular localization of the transferase activity. 3. A close correlation was observed between the relative activities of citrate synthase (a mitochondrial marker enzyme) and CoA transferase in the cytoplasmic, particulate and mitochondrial fractions from the five tissues. 4. The Km values for acetoacetate (measured in two different ways), the ratio of Vmax. values for the two enzyme-catalysed half-reactions, and succinate product inhibition are quite similar for the enzyme from each tissue. 5. The enzymes are also similar in molecular weight (with an approx. mol.wt. of 100000 as determined by gel filtration). All show an active band in isoelectric-focusing studies with pI 7.6, except for the enzyme from heart (pI 6.8). 6. The results demonstrate a mitochondrial origin for CoA transferase in these rat tissues and support the proposition that CoA transferase is a ketolytic enzyme, i.e. an enzyme uniquely involved in the complete oxidation of ketone bodies. The structural and functional similarities of these transferases suggest that factors other than differences in Km values account for differences in the utilization of ketone bodies by various tissues.
Analysis of etiological and serological monitoring of influenza in Zhenjiang from 2011 to 2012

Objective To monitor and analyze the regular epidemic pattern and etiology features of influenza in Zhenjiang from 2011 to 2012,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza.Methods The throat swabs of influenza-like illness in the monitoring sentinel hospitals were collected and detected by real-time quantitative PCR first,then nucleic acid positive samples were isolated with Madin-Daby canine kidney( MDCK) cells to identify the subtypes.Serum samples were tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay on H1,H3,H1( 2009),B/Y and B/V subtype antibody.At the same time,the etiology and serology results of influenza was analyzed.Results A total of 1462 throat swabs were collected in 2011,and 96 samples were positive( 6.6%);while 1529 throat swabs were collected in 2012,and 208 samples were positive( 13.6%).One hundred and ninety-nine positive samples were isolated with Madin-Daby canine kidney( MDCK) cells,in which 61 strains were identified as influenza virus( 30.7%).Serum samples detection showed that the positive rate of H1 type was highest in antibody population in Zhenjiang from 2011 to 2012,50% and 55% respectively.Conclusion Summer,autumn and winter are the influenza fastigium in Zhenjiang.In 2011,H1( 2009) type and B type were prevalent,while H3 type was dominant in 2012.The crowd of this city has obtained certain immunity,but the influenza virus is still relatively active,need to continue to strengthen the monitoring,assessment and early warning of influenza epidemic situation in a timely manner.
Bridge related damage quantification using unmanned aerial vehicle imagery

Summary Visual inspection procedures remain the primary method of infrastructure assessment throughout the USA, but their shortcomings are numerous. In addition to their widely acknowledged variability and subjectivity, the large scale of civil infrastructure systems presents expensive access and time requirements that constrain the frequency of visual inspections and result in poor temporal resolution, which hampers effective decision-making. To overcome this challenge, the research reported herein aimed to assess the ability of computer algorithms together with imagery collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to extract accurate and quantitative information to help inform infrastructure management decisions. Techniques such as homography and lens distortion correction are used in this article in a post-processing framework that allows the use of color images obtained by UAVs for actual damage quantification measurements. The experiments described in this article utilize a UAV with a mounted camera and provide measurements from a representative infrastructure mockup with several simulated damage scenarios. Deformation measurements, change detection (related to structural features and the size of deterioration), and crack pattern identification were all analyzed. The results indicated that the developed post-processing algorithms were able to extract quantitative information from UAV captured imagery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Anticipatory Self-Evaluation in Consumer Purchase Motivation

We argue in this paper that anticipatory self-evaluation plays a significant role in decision making when consumers consider choices between/among alternative courses of action. We hypothesize that purchase motivation is a function of four different types of anticipatory self-evaluations. These are: (1) the anticipatory self-evaluation in relation to the social consequences of purchase outcome finale, (2) anticipatory self-evaluation in relation to the social consequences of purchase completion, (3) anticipatory self-evaluation in relation to the social consequences of purchase non-completion, and (4) anticipatory self-evaluation in relation to the social consequences of purchase non-engagement. A study was conducted using 300 marketing undergraduates, who role played a scenario of being a business intern in an insurance company trying to decide on what to wear at work (and accordingly what to buy). The results indicated that consumers’ purchase motivation is significantly affected more by anticipatory self-evaluations in relation to the consequences of purchase outcome finale and purchase completion than by anticipatory self-evaluations in relation to the social consequences of purchase non-completion and purchase non-engagement.
A Fungal Story

This cases discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between phenytoin and fluconazole, resulting in phenytoin toxicity. Phenytoin is a cytochrome P450 2C9 and 2C19 substrate and fluconazole is a 2C9 and 2C19 inhibitor.
Early Education and Development Special Issue

Theme: Motor and Behavioral Skills in Self-regulation and Schooling OutcomesGuest Editors: Jeffrey Liew, Texas A&M University, Claire E. Cameron, University at Buffalo, State University of New York...
Neural activity imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), together with modern microscopy, allow repeated activity measurement, in real time and with cellular resolution, of defined cellular populations. Recent efforts in protein engineering have yielded several high-quality GECIs that facilitate new applications in neuroscience. Here, we summarize recent progress in GECI design, optimization, and characterization, and provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate GECI for a given biological application. We focus on the unique challenges associated with imaging in behaving animals.
Analysis of Uncertainty and Variability in Exposure to Characterize Risk: Case Study Involving Trichloroethylene Groundwater Contamination at Beale Air Force Base in California

Quantitative assessments of potential human-health consequences from contaminants in environmental media routinely involve conservative deterministic, screening-level calculations of exposure and risk. Because these calculations generally are based on multiple upper-bound point estimates of input parameters, particularly for exposure attributes, they can yield results for decision makers that actually overstate the need for costly remediation. Alternatively, quantifying uncertainty and variability in exposure can provide a more informative and quantitative characterization of health risk. To illustrate, uncertainty and variability in exposure were analyzed for a hypothetical population at a specific site in California where there is trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated ground water and a potential for its residential use. When uncertainty and variability in exposure were addressed jointly, the 95th-percentile upper-bound value of individual excess lifetime cancer risk was a factor approaching 10 lower than the most conservative deterministic estimate. Also, the probability of more than zero additional cases of cancer can be estimated, and in this case study it is less than 0.5 for a prospective residential population of up to 26,900 individuals present for any 7.6-y interval of a 70-y time period. Clearly, this probabilistic approach can provide reasonable and equitable risk-acceptability criteria for contaminated sites.
An Expert System for MBA Admissions

(1995). An Expert System for MBA Admissions. Journal of Computer Information Systems: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 55-58.
Special Education Reform Policies and the Permanence of Oppression: A Critical Race Case Study of Special Education Reform in Shelby County, Tennessee

The state of Tennessee, as part of its application for President Obama’s competitive Race to the Top grant, passed its First to the Top legislation. First to the Top created major education reforms in Tennessee in its successful effort to gain more than $500 million dollars in federal grants to support education reform-based efforts aimed at increasing academic outcomes for public school students. Special education reform was specifically targeted in Tennessee’s efforts. By way of the Tennessee Diploma Project, the state sought to provide all public school students in the state access to an academically rigorous curriculum. In particular, the Tennessee Diploma Project – by policy – required all special education students be placed in a course of study that would lead to a regular education diploma. The state conceived this plan in an effort to afford students who were identified as disabled more and better post-secondary options and to close the regular diploma graduation rate for students who are identified as disabled. This Article discusses the racialized history of special education programs before assessing whether the Tennessee Diploma Project has closed the graduation rate between students who are and are not identified as having a disability. Using a proportional analysis this Article argues that the Tennessee Diploma Project has not closed the graduation gap between students who are and are not identified as disabled. Finally, this Article uses Critical Race Theory to frame the inefficacy of equity-based policy to produce equitable outcomes for students who are identified as disabled, a population that is disproportionately Black.
Biochemical characterization of fruit juice for impact of storage oncommercial beverages

The study was performed to evaluate the impact of storage time on safety and hygienic quality of commercial fruit beverage on the basis of market survey. Three most popular brands and three least popular brands of fruit beverages like squash and syrup were selected and stored for nine months at room temperature. The samples were subjected to chemical analysis for food colour, preservative (SO2), heavy metals (Pb and Cd), pectin and microbial analysis for bacteria, fungus, yeast and E. coli at bimonthly interval. Lead content in all the beverages and synthetic permitted food colours like sunset yellow 136.5 ppm in squash A and tartazine 133.2 ppm in squash B and 310.9 ppm in Syrup F was found which exceeded the permissible limit. Preservative (SO2) and cadmium content remained within the acceptable limit. Total bacterial and fungal count increased sharply with the advancement of storage particularly from 7th month onwards. Duration of storage had no effect on the colour and heavy metal content of the beverages.
Modeling of a 3D acoustoelastic metamaterial energy harvester

Energy harvesters primarily depend on on a groups of unit cells to harvest energy at broadband frequencies so that each unit cell is responsible to harvest energy at a distinct frequency. Other design complexity, space, and financial profusion are required for transferring from unit-frequency to multi-frequency energy scavenging. Also, it is very unlikely to obtain expected power output if the available vibration source doesn’t match the designed loading condition (usually, unidirectional) of the device and requires rearrangement of the base structure to have projected output. In this paper we model the unique feature of acoustic metamaterial (AM), which is not only able to harvest energy at multiple frequencies using only a unit cell device, but also able to harvest energy under a variety of uncoupled (unidirectional) and coupled (multi-directional) vibration environments with an identical base structure arrangement.
The first textbook of electrocardiography: Thomas Lewis: Clinical electrocardiography

When Thomas Lewis was 32 years old, he had used the electrocardiograph for only 4 years. Nevertheless, his Clinical Electrocardiography, the first book on the subject, is astonishingly complete for 1913.
Application to Organometallic Compounds

Mossbauer spectroscopy, used in conjunction with the other spectroscopic methods which are normally employed in structure elucidation, such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and x-ray diffraction techniques, provides a powerful tool for the study of organometallic compounds incorporating the nuclides which are suitable for such studies. Fortunately, the two elements which are most readily accessible for Mossbauer work by chemists—iron and tin—have a very extensive and varied organometallic chemistry and are representative in many ways of transition metals and nontransition metals, respectively. In the present chapter, some of the broad outlines of Mossbauer studies on organometallic compounds of iron and tin will be summarized, and some examples from the recent literature will be reviewed. However, this discussion is intended to be neither encyclopedic nor exhaustive, and the interested reader is referred to some of the reviews on this topic which have appeared in the literature [1,2].
Gas and Electric Grid Unit Commitment with Coordinated N-1 Generator Contingency Analysis

The inter-dependency between the gas and electric grid is growing as the reliance on the gas-fired generators increases. Strong coupling between two large infrastructures requires a coordinated planning and operational framework. In fact, the constraints of both grids must be respected, while their objective functions are co-optimized. In this paper, we present a new formulation for Gas and Electric Grid Coordinated Unit Commitment (GECUC). We apply the standard DC power flow approximation and propose a new formulation to relax the nonlinear gas grid constraints so that the GECUC can be mapped into a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP). In addition, the N −1 generator contingency security constraints are extended to include the gas grid constraints and find the required reserve from gas wells and generators after the loss of a generating unit.
A modified discrete invasive weed algorithm for optimal service composition in cloud manufacturing systems

Abstract Cloud manufacturing (CMfg), as a new service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, is aiming towards sharing and collaborating among distributed manufacturing resources and capabilities. As a result, selecting and combining these services into a composite service to meet the user’s requirements while keeping up the optimal service performances is of paramount importance. In this paper, first of all, QoS-aware service composition and optimal selection (SCOS) problem is formulated as an optimization problem and then a modified discrete invasive weed algorithm is proposed and applied as a new approach for solving the NP-hard SCOS problem in CMfg context. The algorithm which mimics the process of weed colonization and distribution, is modified by putting into effect a novel mechanism for mapping normally-distributed dispersal values into the mutation probability of corresponding dispersal direction. The experimental results prove the good performance and robustness of the approach.
The Scheme Game: How DACA Recipients Navigate Barriers to Higher Education

College-bound recipients of DACA—a 2012 US administrative policy officially titled Consideration for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals—face a series of administrative and financial barriers in...
Three stages in the development of the cyst wall of the eye pathogen Acanthamoeba castellanii

Abstract When deprived of nutrients, trophozoites of the eye pathogen Acanthamoeba castellanii make a cyst wall, which contains cellulose and has two layers connected by cone-shaped ostioles. We recently showed chitin is also present and identified three sets of lectins, which localize to the ectocyst layer (Jonah lectin) or the endocyst layer and ostioles (Luke and Leo lectins). To determine how the cyst wall is made, we examined encysting protists using structured illumination microscopy, probes for glycopolymers, and tags for lectins. In the first stage (3 to 9 hr), cellulose, chitin, and a Jonah lectin were each made in dozens of encystation-specific vesicles. In the second stage (12 to 18 hr), a primordial wall contained both glycopolymers and Jonah lectin, while small, flat ostioles were outlined by a Luke lectin. In the third stage (24 to 36 hr), an ectocyst layer enriched in Jonah lectin was connected to an endocyst layer enriched in Luke and Leo lectins by large, conical ostioles. Jonah and Luke lectins localized to the same places in mature cyst walls (72 hr) independent of the timing of expression. The Jonah lectin and the glycopolymer bound by the lectin were accessible in the ectocyst layer of mature walls. In contrast, Luke and Leo lectins and glycopolymers bound by the lectins were mostly inaccessible in the endocyst layer and ostioles. These results show that cyst wall formation is a tightly choreographed event, in which glycopolymers and lectins combine to form a mature wall with a protected endocyst layer. Importance While the cyst wall of Acanthamoeba castellanii, cause of eye infections, contains cellulose like plants and chitin like fungi, it is a temporary, protective structure, analogous to spore coats of bacteria. We showed here that, unlike plants and fungi, A. castellanii makes cellulose and chitin in encystation-specific vesicles. The outer and inner layers of cyst walls, which resemble the primary and secondary walls of plant cells, respectively, are connected by unique structures (ostioles) that synchronously develop from small, flat circles to large, conical structures. Cyst wall proteins, which are lectins that bind cellulose and chitin, localize to inner or outer layers independent of the timing of expression. Because of its abundance and accessibility in the outer layer, the Jonah lectin is an excellent target for diagnostic antibodies. A description of the sequence of events during cyst wall development is a starting point for mechanistic studies of its assembly.
The religion variable in community health promotion and illness prevention

Religion is a source of beliefs and practices, which can in turn influence health behaviors. Therefore, religious communities represent potential public health partners to improve well-being across economic and ethnic diversity. This issue of the Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community presents six empirical studies with a breadth of methodologies, and a range of subjects. The associations of religion with cancer fatalism, prenatal substance abuse, bereavement, suicide prevention, clergy mental health and attitudes toward the Affordable Care Act are reported here. These research findings support the key importance of community. Like community, religion is complex. This issue's studies demonstrate the need to include ethnicity in analyses as well as the necessity to measure both religious belief and practice. Consistently, religious community participation predicted more positive outcomes than one's level of belief.
Fatty Acid SNP Interaction Analysis in Angus Sired Beef Cattle

The triacylglyceride (TAG) fatty acid content in meat from Angus-sired cattle was analyzed for non-additive genetic effects. A total of 11,482 significant DNA marker interactions (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) were detected across thirty-seven different TAG fatty acids. Interactions were not evenly distributed amongst all fatty acids analyzed, and types of interactions (additive-by-additive, additive-by-dominance, and dominance-by-dominance) varied within each individual fatty acid. These results indicate that it may be possible to account for additional genetic variance amongst TAG fatty acids over and above individual markers.
Optimal Placement and Intelligent Smoke Detection Algorithm for Wildfire-Monitoring Cameras

Smoke produced by wildfires is usually visible much earlier than flames. Hence, early detection of wildfire smoke is essential to prevent severe property losses and heavy casualties from catastrophic wildfires. Camera networks are being built and expanded to achieve timely wildfire smoke detection. To achieve the best camera coverage and detection accuracy with limited budget, an intelligent video smoke detection algorithm and an optimal wildfire camera placement strategy are in a critical need. In this paper, we propose an efficient video smoke detection framework designed for embedded applications on local cameras. It consists of two modules. In the first module, the original video frames are processed by local binary patterns and a dense optical flow estimator. In the second module, the produced features are then fed into a lightweight deep convolutional neural network, which serves as a binary classifier to detect the presence of smoke. We also formulate the wildfire camera placement problem as a binary integer programming problem to minimize the overall fire risk of a given area. Case studies on real-world videos are carried out to validate the accuracy as well as the computational and memory efficiency of the proposed smoke detection framework. We also validate our proposed camera placement strategy by simulating the deployment of wildfire cameras across a test region in Southern California.
Current status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is one of common brain tumor in childhood.Low risk patient has good response to convention therapy, such as operation, radiotherapy, but patients with high risk or recurrent patients get worse effect.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important therapy for refractory hematological disease and cancer, it has been used in high risk and recurrent medulloblastoma for decades.Now, the currant situation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood medulloblastoma were summarized. Key words: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Child; Medulloblastoma
Re-Evaluating the Prognosis and Transformation Risk of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified, (CEL-NOS) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm defined by an autonomous clonal expansion of eosinophil precursors. CEL-NOS has long been considered an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and high risk of transformation to blast phase. This impression was reinforced by a case series of 10 patients with CEL-NOS in which median overall survival was 22 months and in which one half of patients transformed to acute leukemia at a median of 20 months from time of diagnosis (Helbig et al, American Journal of Hematology, 2012). However, this has not been confirmed in any population-based or large cohort studies. We sought to evaluate whether this poor prognosis is consistent across a larger patient database. We identified 487 patients with CEL-NOS in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result-18 database. Patients were predominantly male (60.5%) with a median age of 57 at time of diagnosis. Overall survival at 2 years from diagnosis for the cohort was 92.7% with a disease-specific survival of 97.2%. At 5 years overall survival remained relatively high (88.7%) as did disease-specific survival (95.6%). Median follow-up was 56.5 months (range 0-191 months). Median survival for patients who died of CEL was 5 months (range 0-46 months). This raises the possibility of a dichotomous patient population wherein there is one group of patients with a good prognosis, and a second group with aggressive disease and significantly poorer prognosis. Of note, the majority of the patients who died from CEL-NOS (21/23) died within two years of diagnosis. Only three of the patients studied developed acute leukemia, two with acute myeloid leukemia and one acute lymphoblastic leukemia; all three died of their second malignancy within 28-60 months. An additional 11 patients developed lymphoma, 2 Hodgkin lymphoma and 9 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including peripheral T-cell lymphoma (3/9), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (3/9), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (2/9), and Burkitt's lymphoma (1/9). This data suggests that the current impression of CEL-NOS as a rare and aggressive disease with a poor prognosis may be more nuanced than previously appreciated. The limitations of SEER data are significant and include concerns regarding both accuracy of diagnosis and collection bias. However, the incongruence between current disease perception and the large-scale data available suggest that further study is both warranted and necessary. Next steps would include the creation of a prospective national registry of patients with CEL-NOS. This would assist both in giving appropriate disease-counseling for patients and in better assessing which patients might benefit from treatment with chemotherapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Physics and astrophysics with gamma-ray telescopes

Abstract In the past few years gamma-ray astronomy has entered a golden age. A modern suite of telescopes is now scanning the sky over both hemispheres and over six orders of magnitude in energy. At ∼TeV energies, only a handful of sources were known a decade ago, but the current generation of ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS) has increased this number to nearly one hundred. With a large field of view and duty cycle, the Tibet and Milagro air shower detectors have demonstrated the promise of the direct particle detection technique for TeV gamma rays. At ∼GeV energies, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has increased the number of known sources by nearly an order of magnitude in its first year of operation. New classes of sources that were previously theorized to be gamma-ray emitters have now been confirmed observationally. Moreover, there have been surprise discoveries of GeV gamma-ray emission from source classes for which no theory predicted it was possible. In addition to elucidating the processes of high-energy astrophysics, gamma-ray telescopes are making essential contributions to fundamental physics topics including quantum gravity, gravitational waves, and dark matter. I summarize the current census of astrophysical gamma-ray sources, highlight some recent discoveries relevant to fundamental physics, and describe the synergetic connections between gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy. This is a brief overview intended in particular for particle physicists and neutrino astronomers, based on a presentation at the Neutrino 2010 conference in Athens, Greece. I focus in particular on results from Fermi (which was launched soon after Neutrino 2008), and conclude with a description of the next generation of instruments, namely HAWC and the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Heart Failure and Shared Decision-Making: Patients Open to Medication-Related Cost Discussions.

Background: Discussions of medication costs between patients and clinicians are infrequent and often suboptimal. In the context of recently introduced drugs that are effective but expensive, patien...
Complex 3D bioprinting methods

3D bioprinting technology is evolving in complexity to enable human-scale, high-resolution, and multi-cellular constructs to better mimic the native tissue microenvironment. The ultimate goal is to achieve necessary complexity in the bioprinting process to biomanufacture fully-functional tissues and organs to address organ shortage and lack of patient-specific disease models. In this Review, we presented an in-depth overview of complex 3D bioprinting approaches including evolution of complex bioprinting, from simple gel-casting approach to multi-material bioprinting to omnidirectional bioprinting approaches, and emerging bioprinting approaches, including 4D bioprinting and in situ bioprinting technologies.
Training Trainees: Creating a Better Workforce to Support Transition Care

Our current medical training system fails to adequately prepare physicians for transition care of adolescents and young adults. This deficit is outlined, as well as the importance of developing transition education for trainees. Lastly, a plan for future training is proposed, complete with necessary content and a structure for optimal learning within our pulmonary medicine training programs.
The state of business to business marketing research

Business to business marketing research is very healthy, with over 200 papers published in leading journals annually, primarily in Industrial Marketing Management and the Journal of Business & Indu...
Management of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: focus on eluxadoline

We sought to summarize current recommendations for the diagnosis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and describe available management options, highlighting a newer US Food and...
Conserved Residues Amino-Terminal of Cytoplasmic Tyrosines Contribute to the SHP-1-Mediated Inhibitory Function of Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptors

The sequence I/VxYxxL, often referred to as an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), binds to the C-terminal Src homology 2 domain of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Conserved residues N-terminal of the tyrosine are not ordinarily found in other Src homology 2 domain binding motifs. The inhibitory forms of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) contain two ITIMs. The role of each ITIM, and of the conserved residues upstream of the tyrosine, in the inhibition of NK cells was tested by vaccinia virus-mediated expression of mutant KIRs. Substitution of the tyrosine in the membrane-proximal ITIM abrogated the ability of KIR to block Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas mutation of the membrane-distal ITIM tyrosine had little effect. Substitution of the conserved hydrophobic amino acid that was located two residues N-terminal to the tyrosine weakened, but did not eliminate, the function of the receptor. In contrast, these substitutions drastically reduced the amount of SHP-1 immunoprecipitated with KIR, suggesting that weak interactions with SHP-1 may be sufficient for inhibition.
Chemical stratification in white dwarf atmospheres and envelopes

Theoretical arguments supporting a new mechanism maintaining a homogeneously mixed composition in white dwarf atmospheres with traces of helium are presented. Diffusion time scales, meridional circulation, mass loss, accretion of interstellar matter, convection, and radiative levitation are discussed. Theoretically, layered envelopes, with hydrogen on top of helium and an abundance profile in the transition layer determined by diffusion equilibrium, are expected. In cases with observed helium and hydrogen in the atmosphere this means that the total hydrogen mass must be very small. The empirical evidence for such atmospheres are assessed, using a new grid of model atmospheres with stratified element abundances and applying it to typical mixed abundance cases at the hot end of the white dwarf temperature sequence.
Accelerated Life Tests: Designs Comparison within a Bayesian Framework†

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is the set of procedures used to reduce the time needed to obtain information related to life characteristics of an item, material or part of interest. The importance of the design of these ALTs is paramount to obtain inferential life estimators with, for example, minimum variance. Typically, for a set ALT, step-regimen optimal stress levels and duration are determined in the ALT design phase. Herein we focus on the comparison of different ALT designs (fixed stress, profile ALT, progressive step-stress ALT, and regressive ALT) within a single Bayesian inference framework. We analyze the preposterior variance of the use stress reliability based on a single failure over the course of the ALT for these different ALT designs. To the best of our knowledge Miller and Nelson in their 1983 article titled “Optimum simple step-stress plans for accelerated life testing” in IEEE Transactions on Reliability R–32, 59–65, were among the earliest to claim similarity of asymptotic estimator variance when comparing step-stress testing ALT with fixed stress ALT. The results in this article shed some light on this claim within a Bayesian context. Keywords: Bayesian inference; accelerated life testing (ALT); ALT design comparison; exponential lifetime distribution
Phosphorylation of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors by Calcium/ Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Protein Kinase C in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Phosphorylation of glutamate receptors (GluRs) is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism. In this study 32P labeling of non-NMDA GluRs was investigated in cultured hippocampal neurons stimulated 2–15 min with agonists that selectively stimulate either Ca2+/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II), Ca2+/phospholipid- dependent protein kinase C (PKC), or cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Treatment of hippocampal neurons with glutamate/glycine (Glu/Gly), ionomycin, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) increased 32P labeling of immunoprecipitated alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionate (AMPA)-type GluRs by 145%, 180%, and 227%, respectively, of control values. This increased phosphorylation of GluRs was predominantly 32P-Ser with little 32P-Thr and no detectable 32P-Tyr. Glu/Gly and ionomycin, but not TPA, also increased 32P labeling of CaM-kinase II by 175% and 195%, respectively, of control values. Of these three agonists, only TPA stimulated phosphorylation of MARCKS (225% of control), a specific substrate of PKC. Forskolin treatment gave a three- to fourfold increase in the active catalytic subunit of PKA but did not result in the 32P labeling of AMPA-type GluRs, CaM-kinase II, or MARCKS. Phosphorylation of GluRs in response to Glu/Gly was blocked by a specific NMDA receptor/ion channel antagonist (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid) or by a cell- permeable inhibitor of CaM-kinase II (1-[N,O-bis(1,5- isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4- phenylpiperazine, KN-62). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx through the NMDA-type ion channel can activate CaM-kinase II, which in turn can phosphorylate and regulate AMPA-type GluR ion channels (McGlade-McCulloh et al., 1993).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tourism, vacation home development and residential tax burden: a case study of the local finances of 240 Vermont towns.

Abstract. Differences in property tax rates among communities within a regional economy are a source of inefficiency and inequity. Less developed rural areas where natural amenities exist have often attempted to use the tourist industry as a means of importing economic development. Promoters of vacation home development argue that the impact on the local tax base is positive. However, the quantitative research in this paper indicates that under certain circumstances, vacation home development has the effect of increasing the tax burden on residential property.
Superimposed toxemia, abruptio placentae, hypofibrinogenemia, acute renal shutdown, and paralytic ileus complicating a case of prepregnancy hypertension

Abstract This case exemplifies the numerous problems that can occur in a pregnant woman with prepregnancy hypertension on which is suddenly superimposed toxemia of pregnancy. An alteration in the clotting mechanism was constantly watched for. Acute renal shutdown was one of the complications we were concerned with after the episode of bleeding and the period of shock which might cause damage to the pituitary, brain, and kidney. Paralytic ileus that developed after the anuria possibly could be explained by bleeding into the peritoneal cavity. It is not an uncommon factor. Ruling out whether or not the patient had a volvulus of the sigmoid was another problem.
X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies of High TeSuperconductors

Abstract The Cu-Lβ/Cu-Lα x-ray emission intensity ratio of the following compounds have been found to show an interesting consistency: Cu, Cu2O, CuO, La1.85Ba.15CuO4 (vacuum annealed), La1.85Ba.15CuO4 (air annealed, TC = 26K), La1.85Sr.15CuO4 (TC = 35K), YBa2Cu3O7-Δ (TC = 91K), ErBa2Cu3O7-Δ (TC = 81K), and La2CuO4. The interesting consistency is that all of the last six compounds, all superconductors or superconductor related, have the same Lβ/Lα intensity ratio, namely, 0.33±0.01. The Cu-Lα,β spectra of CuO, air and vacuum annealed La1.85 Ba.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7-Δ are presented. Also presented are O-K x-ray fluorescence spectra of air and vacuum annealed La1.85 Ba.15CuO4, and of “new” and “old” YBa2Cu3O7-Δwhich seem to show a correspondence between spectral sharpness and high TC behavior.
Voluntary control of attention near the fovea

Abstract Recognition latency for reporting which of two possible target letters was present in an otherwise empty field was measured in conditions in which distance, but not direction, relative to the fixation point was validly cued, invalidly cued, or uncued in advance. The cues indicated that the letter could occur either just inside or outside of a circle of one degree radius centered on the fixation point. The results indicated marginally significant benefits for valid cues and significant costs for invalid cues for distance from fixation relative to the no-cue control condition. The results are consistent with a model that allows attention to be distributed over broad regions of foveal and parafoveal vision, rather than necessarily being restricted to specific foci or narrow regions.
Ultrastructure of a complex epithelial system: the pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus.

Electron microscopy shows that the pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus is a structurally complex epithelial system that can be separated into eight epithelial types: gill lamellar, gill interlamellar, goblet cell, protective, terminal (taste) bud, preciliated, ciliated in tracts, and ciliated in grooves. Furthermore, these epithelial types encompass at least sixteen different cell types based on ultrastructure and, in some cases, correlative histochemistry (PAS, Alcian blue). Common to nearly all the epithelial types are basal cells and intermediate cells. These two cell types are seen as undifferentiated. Among mature cells, structural specialization as proceeded in three directions: (1) elaboration of mitochondria, probably related to molecular transport (ion-uptake cells, chloride cells); (2) ciliogenesis (preciliated and ciliated cell types); and (3) production of mucous secretory granules (mucous-platelet cells, goblet cells, superficial protective cells, columnar mucous cells, “cobblestone” cells, and marginal and dark cells in the terminal buds). Many of the functions of the cell types relate to the process of suspension feeding in this animal.
A comparison of preschool and kindergarten teacher expectations for school readiness

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on those school skills that preschool and kindergarten teachers expect children to display in regular kindergarten classrooms. The Skill Expectation Survey for Kindergarten Readiness (SESKR) was administered to 21 preschool teachers and 28 kindergarten teachers from two school districts in Kansas. All teachers were interviewed in person regarding the following, categories of skills: academic, independent work, instruction-following, activity transitions, communication, social interaction, self-care, large group, and conduct. The results of the survey indicate that preschool teachers had higher expectations than did kindergarten teachers for kindergarten entry skills. Preschool teachers' expectations approximated the kindergarten teachers' expectations of children's performance at kindergarten exit. The survey may be most useful in providing a framework for teachers to discuss school readiness expectations.