cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exact Solutions for Some Nuclear Many-Body Problems

Abstract Exact solutions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of some nuclear many-body systems are found by using an infinite-dimensional, Lie-algebraic approach based on the corresponding Bethe ansatz. Applications of the theory, including solutions of some nuclear pairing problems andU(5)↔SO(6) transitional Hamiltonians of the interacting boson model, are given. The relationship between this new method and other Bethe ansatz solutions in completely integrable systems is discussed.
Heidegger on Freedom: Political not Metaphysical.

This essay analyzes modern and postmodern concepts of freedom and contrasts them to a Heideggerian understanding. Positive, negative, and what might be called Foucaultian or Nietzschean liberty are demonstrated to bear a common trait. In such modern and postmodern formulations, freedom is consistently identified with a form of mastery. This identification of freedom with mastery, I argue, encourages ecological abuse, supports the dangerous prerogatives of statist sovereignty, and strengthens the resilience of patriarchy. The political significance of Heidegger's alternative vision is addressed.
Norepinephrinergic afferents and cytology of the macaque monkey midline, mediodorsal, and intralaminar thalamic nuclei.

The midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei (MITN), locus coeruleus (LC) and cingulate cortex contain nociceptive neurons. The MITN that project to cingulate cortex have a prominent innervation by norepinephrinergic axons primarily originating from the LC. The hypothesis explored in this study is that MITN neurons that project to cingulate cortex receive a disproportionately high LC input that may modulate nociceptive afferent flow into the forebrain. Ten cynomolgus monkeys were evaluated for dopamine-β hydroxylase (DBH) immunohistochemistry, and nuclei with moderate or high DBH activity were analyzed for intermediate neurofilament proteins, calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR). Sections of all but DBH were thionin counterstained to assure precise localization in the mediodorsal and MITN, and cytoarchitecture was analyzed with neuron-specific nuclear binding protein. Moderate–high levels of DBH-immunoreactive (ir) axons were generally associated with high densities of CB-ir and CR-ir neurons and low levels of neurofilament proteins. The paraventricular, superior centrolateral, limitans and central nuclei had relatively high and evenly distributed DBH, the magnocellular mediodorsal and paracentral nuclei had moderate DBH-ir, and other nuclei had an even and low level of activity. Some nuclei also have heterogeneities in DBH-ir that raised questions of functional segregation. The anterior multiformis part of the mediodorsal nucleus but not middle and caudal levels had high DBH activity. The posterior parafascicular nucleus (Pf) was heterogeneous with the lateral part having little DBH activity, while its medial division had most DBH-ir axons and its multiformis part had only a small number. These findings suggest that the LC may regulate nociceptive processing in the thalamus. The well established role of cingulate cortex in premotor functions and the projections of Pf and other MITN to the limbic striatum suggests a specific role in mediating motor outflow for the LC-innervated nuclei of the MITN.
Erratum: Sample Size Determination for the False Discovery Rate

We have made corrections to the routines that were provided to implement Pounds and Cheng (2005) method to determine the sample size for a microarray experiment that uses the false discovery rate as the ultimate measure of statistical significance. Some routines in the original R and S-plus libraries did not properly account for differences between the definition of the noncentrality parameter in Equations (18) and (19) of Pounds and Cheng (2005) and the definition of the non-centrality parameter used by the internal R or S-plus function to evaluate the cumulative distribution function of the non-central F-distribution. A corrected version of the R routine library is now available for download from www.stjuderesearch.org/depts/biostats/fdrsampsize/index.html. To avoid confusion, all routines in the revised library use the definition of Equations (18) and (19) of Pounds and Cheng (2005). For a variety of settings involving a single two-sided test, the accuracy of the revised routine library has been checked by comparing the results of the avepow.oneway routine to the results of proc power in SAS and the built-in R function power.anova.test (Appendix). Corrected results of the simulation studies of Pounds and Cheng (2005) are reported in Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 1. Table 1 gives the simulation estimate of the expected value (EV) of the average power, i.e. the EV of the ratio D of the number of true discoveries to the number of false null hypotheses when sample size is determined using the true values of the proportion π of null hypotheses that are true and the effect size η of the false null hypotheses. The SD of D observed over 1000 simulation replications is also reported. In all but two settings, the determined sample size gives an estimate of the average power that is greater than or equal to the desired average power δ. In two settings, the simulation estimate of average power is slightly less than the desired average power. Table 2 reports the corrected results of a series of simulations that generated F-statistics for a background study with per-group sample size 4 from the assumed setting. The background F-statistics, instead of the actual effect size parameters, were used to determine sample with the method of Pounds and Cheng (2005). In all settings, the simulation estimate of the average power exceeded the desired average power δ. Figure 1 gives corrected results for the ‘real data simulation’ performed by resampling from a real data set that is described in section 4.2 of Pounds and Cheng (2005). The mean of the SPLOSH
A study of energy transfer between electronically excited states using a picosecond laser pulse

Abstract By means of a novel picosecond polarization spectrometer we have determined that under conditions of normal pumping of organic systems a substantial annihilation of excited states occurs before the 6–8 ps duration of the pumping pulse. The effect is exposed by noting that prior to 6 ps the optical absorption of the S 1 transient produced by 353 nm pumping of 1,2-benzanthracene is caused to be depolarized at higher concentrations. In another case (xanthone) where no long range interactions can occur the depolarization of the spectra only occurred at low concentrations due to saturation effects.
3-D Metal−Organic Framework Based on Cationic 2-D Cuprate Layers: Cu3(OH)4[C10H6(SO3)2]

We describe herein a three-dimensional Cu(II) based metal−organic framework, copper hydroxide 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate, Cu3(OH)4[C10H6(SO3)2]. The compound contains embedded positively charged 2-D copper oxide layers. This higher dimensionality of inorganic connectivity leads to far greater thermal stability (375 °C vs 245 °C) over our previously reported three-dimensional metal−organic framework containing embedded 1-D cuprate chains. Single crystal data for this material are as follows: FW = 544.92, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 13.549(5) A, b = 5.503(2) A, c = 9.512(4) A, β = 90.031(6)°, V = 709.2(5) A3, Dc = 2.552 g·cm−3, and Z = 4. The structure, crystallinity, morphology, and properties of the material are discussed. The magnetic susceptibility exhibits a broad maximum centered at 80 K, indicative of low-dimensional antiferromagnetic interactions. Control of inorganic dimensionality embedded within an MOF is an often overlooked yet key feature in determining the stability and important proper...
A longitudinal analysis of data breaches

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to provide companies and consumers with information about the potential connections between data breach types and institutions. This study also aims to add to the body of knowledge about data breaches.Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzes a chronology of five years of data breaches. The data were classified and analyzed by breach and institution type, record size, and state. Multiple statistical tests were performed.Findings – Breach types stolen and exposed are statistically more likely to occur. Educational institutions are more likely to have a breach and it is more probable that educational breaches will be of type hacker or exposed. The proportion of insider incidents is smaller than the other breach types. The number of records breached is independent of institution and breach type.Research limitations/implications – Only those breaches with a specified number of records are included. The information used may have been updated after our analysis,...
Wiring visual circuits, one eye at a time.

A study uses light-gated ion channels to control the activity of neurons in each eye, thereby revealing how the timing of neuronal firing dictates whether visual circuits segregate from one another or stay mixed.
Interaction of Fast Neutrons with Nitrogen

Using neutrons from the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p,n){\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ reaction, the cross sections for the reactions ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(n,p){\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(n,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ were measured for neutron energies from 150 to 2100 kev. Resonances for the ($n,p$) reaction were found at 499, 640, 993, and 1415 kev; for the ($n,\ensuremath{\alpha}$) reaction at 1415 and 1800 kev. Information was obtained about the excited state of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$. It was found to lie 431\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 kev above the ground state, and probabilities for its formation in the $\mathrm{Li}(p,n)$ reaction were determined.
Prediction of Multivariate Time Series

Abstract A method of linear prediction of stationary multivariate time series is discussed from the point of view of meteorological applications. Tests of significance are given and it is shown by examples that the method is practical even when the dimensionality of the series becomes quite large.
Investigation of Physicochemical Parameters That Influence Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange over TiO2 Nanotubes

The photocatalytic degradation of a model textile dye, methyl orange (MO), using anodized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes has been investigated. The effects of light intensity, dye concentration, external bias, pH, and nanotube dimensions (length, diameter, and wall thickness) on MO photodegradation have been examined. The application of a minimal bias of +0.0 versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) can enhance the dye degradation at least 10 times compared to unbiased conditions for dye concentrations between 20 and 100 μM. The overall initial dye degradation rate demonstrates three types of dependence on dye concentration over a range from 2.5−100 μM. For lower dye concentrations (2.5−40 μM) and natural pH (∼6.0) conditions, Langmuir−Hinshelwood (LH) kinetics was observed. The nanotubes diameter, calcination condition, and the anatase-to-rutile ratio in the crystalline TiO2 nanotubes together influence the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of the TiO2 nanotubes.
Feasibility of nerve-sparing prostate cryosurgery: applications and limitations in a canine model.

Background and Purpose: In a canine model, we evaluated the feasibility of nerve-sparing cryosurgery by active warming of the neurovascular bundle (NVB). Furthermore, our aim was to determine if NVB warming increases the risk of acinar gland and stromal-tissue preservation in adjacent areas of the prostate. The effects of a single versus double freeze–thaw cycle on prostate tissue were also assessed. Materials and Methods: Ten prostate lobes from five dogs were evaluated. Nine lobes from five dogs were treated with cryoablation using 17-gauge gas-driven cryoneedles. Seven lobes wre treated with active warming of the NVB using helium gas, and two lobes were treated without active warming. A single or double freeze–thaw cycle was utilized. Prostate tissue ablation and NVB preservation were evaluated in histologic sections. Results: All seven prostate lobes treated with active warming demonstrated complete or partial NVB preservation. Four of these lobes had adjacent gland preservation. All lobes treated wit...
The Tolerability of Lactated Ringer's Solution and BSS Plus for Ocular Irrigation with and without the Morgan Therapeutic Lens

. Objective: To evaluate two solutions, lactated Ringer's (LR) and a balanced salt solution (BSS Plus, Alcon Laboratories, Ft. Worth, TX), compared with normal saline solution (NSS), for ocular irrigation in healthy adult volunteers with and without the Morgan therapeutic lens (MTL). Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study of healthy volunteers who were at least 18 years of age. Exclusion criteria included the use of analgesics within four hours of the study. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed at baseline and at the completion of the study. Following randomization and prior to any intervention, baseline discomfort scores were obtained by means of a verbally administered, horizontal, 100-mm, unnumbered analog discomfort scale. Both eyes of each volunteer were irrigated simultaneously for 15 minutes, with additional discomfort scores being recorded every 5 minutes using the same 100-mm, unnumbered analog discomfort scale. A global evaluation to assess the method of irrigation and the solutions used for irrigation was completed by both the physician blinded to the treatment groups and the volunteers. The volunteers were continuously monitored for any adverse effects resulting from the irrigation solutions or MTL. Results: Sixty-three volunteers were recruited into the study, with 61 entered in the final analysis. Age and gender were balanced within each group. There was no significant difference in discomfort scores between the two groups; however, all discomfort scores decreased over time (p = 0.008). A lens-solution interaction was identified, with LR being the most tolerated when administered with the MTL. A statistically higher ocular pH difference was seen between the pre- and postirrigation readings for the control eye in volunteers irrigated with MTL (p = 0.046). Analysis of the global evaluations for each group revealed no difference in the distributions of physician and volunteer scores. No adverse event was reported in either group. Conclusion: There does not appear to be any difference in discomfort scores between the ocular irrigation fluids when used without the MTL. Overall, the use of the MTL appears well tolerated by healthy, adult volunteers. However, there does appear to be a significant lens-solution effect on volunteers' discomfort scores, with LR having significantly lower discomfort scores when used for ocular irrigation with the MTL. The authors conclude that the use of the MTL for ocular irrigation is well tolerated and recommend using LR as the irrigation solution for maximal patient comfort.
Ligand- and kinase activity-independent cell survival mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in 32D cells.

Abstract To investigate the intrinsic activities of the epidermal growth factor receptor and the role of its kinase domain in these functions within a cellular environment lacking endogenous ErbB protein expression, wild-type EGF receptor (WT-EGFR) and two kinase-impaired mutants, D813A and K721R, were expressed in 32D murine hematopoietic cells, a line which is normally dependent on interleukin 3 (IL3) for growth and survival. Addition of EGF in the absence of IL3 stimulates receptor autophosphorylation and, in the presence of serum, mitosis in cells expressing WT-EGFR, but not in cells expressing D813A or K721R. Unexpectedly, cells expressing WT-EGFR or K721R exhibited IL3-independent survival in the presence of fetal bovine serum; parental 32D cells and cells expressing D813A did not survive, apparently undergoing apoptosis in the absence of IL3, whether or not serum was present. Addition of EGF did not prevent the apoptosis of WT-EGFR or K721R cells in serum-free medium. Activation of Akt was not necessary to mediate the prosurvival activity of EGF receptor expression. These results suggest that the EGF receptor can mediate the prevention of apoptosis independently of both receptor–ligand binding and receptor kinase activity, and this activity is disrupted by the D813A mutation.
Simultaneous imaging of K-α radiation and coherent transition radiation from relativistic-intensity laser-irradiated solid target plasmas

Abstract Laser acceleration of hot electrons and their transport through 12–32 μm thick Ti foils was explored experimentally using two complementary diagnostics, a bent crystal imaging the Ti K α emission and optical imaging of the coherent transition radiation (CTR) produced by the exit of the hot electrons from the foil. The spatial extent of the hot electron production measured by these two diagnostics is dramatically different. Electrons producing CTR emerge in a spot of less than 7 μm and appear to maintain a high degree of collimation during transport through the foil while electrons that produce K α emission appear to diverge to sizes of 50–100 μm as viewed from the back surface of the foil. These results indicate that there is a large difference in the transport of the highest energy electrons contributing to CTR signal as compared with the bulk of the hot electron population generating K α signal.
Openings in the wall: transnational migrants, labor unions, and U.S. immigration policy.

This article seeks to enhance our understanding of why the United States resisted restrictionist [immigration] legislation in the late twentieth century during times when one may have expected a movement toward closure as occurred in the 1920s....The article will supplement a state-centric approach with insights from the perspective of complex interdependence--the significance of transnational relations and the blurring of foreign and domestic politics. I will argue that the societal groups that influence the formation of U.S. immigration policy contain a transnational component which contributes to the maintenance of relatively open legislation....More specifically I will argue that the transnationalization of the labor market...blurs the boundaries between foreign and domestic constituents for unions causing unions to resist those restrictionist immigration measures that impede organization of foreign-born workers. Hence the pressures for restrictionism are weaker than anticipated by the conventional wisdom that expects labor to lobby for closure. (EXCERPT)
Sustained Hypertension due to Pheochromocytoma Report of Case Cured by Removal of Tumor

Report of a case of sustained arterial hypertension due to an adrenal medullary tumor, excision of which resulted in return of the blood pressure to normal levels and relief of all symptoms. A brief discussion of the symptoms and signs and several useful diagnostic tests is included.
First-generation ASCI production visualization environment

Visualizing terascale computing results requires considering the entire data visualization system. The systems approach presented in the paper decreases the time needed to prepare large data sets for visualization four-fold. To explore the issues of very large data sets, the paper first considers an analyst's workflow and presents a systems engineering method to improve the workflow process. Then it presents a systems perspective of information flow with an emphasis on team environments. A case study demonstrates an application of the systems approach to improve an early production visualization system.
Immunophenotyping of Waldenströms Macroglobulinemia Cell Lines Reveals Distinct Patterns of Surface Antigen Expression: Potential Biological and Therapeutic Implications

Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia (WM) is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in which the tumor cell population is markedly heterogeneous, consisting of immunoglobulin-M secreting B-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells. Due to rarity of disease and scarcity of reliable preclinical models, many facets of WM molecular and phenotypic architecture remain incompletely understood. Currently, there are 3 human WM cell lines that are routinely used in experimental studies, namely, BCWM.1, MWCL-1 and RPCI-WM1. During establishment of RPCI-WM1, we observed loss of the CD19 and CD20 antigens, which are typically present on WM cells. Intrigued by this observation and in an effort to better define the immunophenotypic makeup of this cell line, we conducted a more comprehensive analysis for the presence or absence of other cell surface antigens that are present on the RPCI-WM1 model, as well as those on the two other WM cell lines, BCWM.1 and MWCL-1. We examined expression of 65 extracellular and 4 intracellular antigens, comprising B-cell, plasma cell, T-cell, NK-cell, myeloid and hematopoietic stem cell surface markers by flow cytometry analysis. RPCI-WM1 cells demonstrated decreased expression of CD19, CD20, and CD23 with enhanced expression of CD28, CD38 and CD184, antigens that were differentially expressed on BCWM.1 and MWCL-1 cells. Due to increased expression of CD184/CXCR4 and CD38, RPCI-WM1 represents a valuable model in which to study the effects anti-CXCR4 or anti-CD38 targeted therapies that are actively being developed for treatment of hematologic cancers. Overall, differences in surface antigen expression across the 3 cell lines may reflect the tumor clone population predominant in the index patients, from whom the cell lines were developed. Our analysis defines the utility of the most commonly employed WM cell lines as based on their immunophenotype profiles, highlighting unique differences that can be further studied for therapeutic exploit.
POLG-related disorders Defects of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome interaction

ad= : autosomal dominant; ANT1= : adenine nucleotide translocator; ar= : autosomal recessive; ATP= : adenosine triphosphate; COX= : cytochrome c oxidase; MELAS= : mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; MNGIE= : mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy; mtDNA= : mitochondrial DNA; mtSSB= : mitochondrial single stranded binding protein; PEO= : progressive external ophthalmoplegia; POLG= : mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ-catalytic subunit; POLG= : polymerase γ gene-catalytic subunit; POLG2= : polymerase γ gene-accessory subunit; RHADS= : rhythmic high-amplitude delta with superimposed spikes and polyspikes Mitochondria are ubiquitous and play a crucial role in many vital functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in neurologic and non-neurologic disorders manifesting with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. In 1988, Holt and colleagues1 reported the first pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in mitochondrial myopathies. Since then, numerous mtDNA mutations have been identified as the cause of various disorders. Among the most prototypical of these mitochondrial disorders, linked to primary defects in the mitochondrial genome, are mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS); myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers; and neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa. More than a decade after the initial reports, Van Goethem and colleagues2 discovered, in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), mutations in the nuclear gene polymerase γ ( POLG ), which were associated with mtDNA deletions. It is now well-established that primary defects in some nuclear genes are a common cause of mitochondrial diseases and that POLG is one of those nuclear genes.3,4 Mitochondria contain their own DNA that encodes for 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA, and 13 respiratory chain protein subunits of complexes I, III, IV, and V.5 Human mtDNA is continuously replicated by DNA polymerase γ. The mtDNA polymerase γ, in combination with the mitochondrial DNA helicase Twinkle and the mitochondrial single-stranded binding protein, forms the core replication apparatus in the mitochondria (figure 1).6 The mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ is believed to be the sole polymerase responsible for mtDNA replication and repair in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.7 The holoenzyme is a heterotrimer consisting of a catalytic subunit and 2 smaller accessory subunits.6 The catalytic subunit (POLG) is encoded by POLG and has both polymerase and proofreading exonuclease activity resulting in high fidelity. …
The A2-selective adenosine analog, CGS 21680, depresses locomotor activity but does not block amygdala kindled seizures in rats.

Abstract The actions of the highly selective A2 adenosine agonist, CGS 21680, in modulating kindled seizures and locomotor activity were examined, I.c.v. injections of CGS 21680 into the lateral cerebral ventricle in fully kindled rats were found to prolong the period of postictal EEG depression and reduce postictal spiking in a dose-dependent manner, while not affecting the behavioral seizure stage or afterdischarge duration. CGS 21680 injections also lead to a dose-related inhibition of locomotor activity in rats exposed to an open field apparatus compared to rats receiving control injections of saline. These observations implicate the involvement of the A2 adenosine receptor in postictal phenomena and the locomotor depressant actions of adenosine, but do not indicate a direct anticonvulsant activity following A2 activation.
THE ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF CONSUMERS-AN AGGREGATED SYSTEMS VIEW'

A abstract. In typical temperate ecosystems, herbivores consume only a few percent of available net primary production. The implications of this fact with respect to the ecological role of consumers have been debated in the literature. In this paper, we use the techniques of system analysis to investigate the plausibility of the hypothesis that the consumer complex (including predators and parasites) acts as an ecosystem regulator. Using data obtained from an old-field dominated by Andropogon virginicus, and other published data, an aggregated ecosystem model is constructed. Simulation experiments with this model demonstrate that a subsystem related to a system as the consumers are to the ecosystem can exert a control function. In this case, response time is a more important factor than either compartment size or actual amounts transferred.
Retinal ganglion cell response to axotomy and nerve growth factor in the regenerating visual system of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens): an ultrastructural morphometric analysis.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment, given as a single 200 BU intraocular injection at the time of optic nerve transection, was found to significantly accelerate the retinal ganglion cell response to axotomy in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). In the control series the per cent of neurons in the retinal ganglion layer demonstrating nuclear reactivity (i.e. chromatin changes) reaches a peak by 14 days post axotomy (14 DPA), plateaus through 21 DPA and falls thereafter, returning to control levels by 90 DPA. NGF treatment is shown to significantly accelerate the entrance of responding retinal ganglion cells into the reactive nuclear phase between 1 and 7 DPA, and by 7 DPA nuclear reactivity has reached a peak, in contrast to 14 DPA for control values. Consequently, NGF treatment causes retinal ganglion cells to be in the nuclear reactive state a week longer than controls but reactivity diminishes after 21 DPA as in controls. Electron microscopic morphometric analysis further substantiates these observations by demonstrating that NGF treatment can elicit certain cellular organelle changes a week earlier (i.e. at 7 DPA) than they would normally occur (i.e. at 14 DPA) in response to axotomy. In addition to eliciting cellular hypertrophy at 7 DPA, NGF treatment significantly increases Golgi field densities in the neuronal perikaryal cytoplasm as well as a doubling of the number of nucleoli per nucleus and stimulating a significant increase in nucleolar cross-sectional areas. A dose-response relationship exists between the per cent of retinal ganglion cells demonstrating nuclear reactivity at 7 DPA and various NGF concentrations which compares favorably with the dose response study involving the number of regenerating axons per nerve cross-section at 14 DPA. Studies to determine if the NGF mediated responses were a specific effect elicited by this protein molecule or whether they are also produced by other peptides which share some properties in common with NGF demonstrate that only NGF is capable of eliciting these responses.
The redshift-distance relation.

Abstract Key predictions of the Hubble law are inconsistent with direct observations on equitable complete samples of extragalactic sources in the optical, infrared, and x-ray wave bands-e.g., the predicted dispersion in apparent magnitude is persistently greatly in excess of its observed value, precluding an explanation via hypothetical perturbations or irregularities. In contrast, the predictions of the Lundmark (homogeneous quadratic) law are consistent with the observations. The Lundmark law moreover predicts the deviations between Hubble law predictions and observation with statistical consistency, while the Hubble law provides no explanation for the close fit of the Lundmark law. The flux-redshift law F [symbol, see text] (1 + z)/z appears consistent with observations on equitable complete samples in the entire observed redshift range, when due account is taken of flux limits by an optimal statistical method. Under the theoretical assumption that space is a fixed sphere, as in the Einstein universe, this law implies the redshift-distance relation z = tan2(r/2R), where R is the radius of the spherical space. This relation coincides with the prediction of chronometric cosmology, which estimates R as 160 +/- 40 Mpc (1 parsec = 3.09 x 10(16) m) from the proper motion to redshift relation of superluminal sources. Tangential aspects, including statistical methodology, fundamental physical theory, bright cluster galaxy samples, and proposed luminosity evolution, are briefly considered.
The α-substitution effect, intramolecular or medium induced?

Abstract The lifetimes of ethyl- and tert-butyl benzene are measured in the gas phase and compared with one another and with those in solution. There is a large increase in the nonradiative lifetime upon going to the gas phase. Furthermore, the observed lifetime is found to be 80 ns at low pressures, independent of the substituent, contrary to the results in solution (the α-substitution effect). These results suggest that the α-substitution effect is solvent induced.
Dosimetry for laser sulcular debridement

Debridement and disinfection of the diseased periodontal sulcus are objectives in the treatment of periodontitis. In Laser Sulcular Debridement [1], the fiber tip from an Nd:YAG or diode laser is placed in the periodontal pocket and laser energy is used to remove the necrotic debris and the infected soft tissue pocket lining (epithelium). The bactericidal potential of the laser is also exploited to destroy pigmented oral pathogens [2]. The purpose of this letter is to propose a standardized approach to reporting data on laser sulcular debridement using a dosimetry index which is joules per millimeter pocket depth. This will allow for more valid comparison of studies using different laser operating parameters as well as different types of lasers.
Induction and mode of action of the viral stress-inducible murine proteins, P56 and P54.

Abstract Mammalian cells respond to virus infection or other viral stresses, such as double-stranded (ds) RNA and interferons (IFN), by robust and rapid induction of viral stress-inducible proteins. The induction and actions of one such protein, the human P56, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the distantly related mouse proteins, MuP56 and MuP54. Here, we report that, in mouse cells, they could be induced by IFN, dsRNA or Sendai virus infection. MuP56 and MuP54 inhibited protein synthesis in vitro by binding to the “c”, but not the “e”, subunit of the translation initiation factor, eIF-3. The N-terminal region of the MuP54 was sufficient for inhibiting translation, but it and the corresponding region of MuP56 bound to two different regions of eIF3c. Thus, members of the human and murine P56 family have similar but non-identical functions.
Trauma and dissociation in delinquent adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objectives To assess history of trauma and dissociation in a group of juvenile delinquents and to assess how adolescents would respond to a structured interview for dissociative symptoms. Method Sixty-four adolescents in juvenile probation hall participated in 2 investigational sessions in 1996-1997. For session 1 they answered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Response Evaluation Measure for Youth-71 (REMY-71), and the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory. For session 2 they were given the Childhood Trauma Interview (CTI) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D). Results In this sample 28.3% met criteria for a dissociative disorder and 96.8% endorsed a history of traumatic events. There were significant positive correlations between CTI and CTQ trauma scores and SCID-D and REMY-71 dissociative symptoms. All dissociative symptoms were endorsed, but depersonalization was the most common experience. There was a lack of congruence between the different methods of assessing dissociation. Conclusions This study provides support for an early link between history of trauma and dissociation. Adolescents were able to answer questions from a structured interview assessing dissociation.
Visualization of Multi-Digit Manipulation Mechanics

The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D visulaization tool to investigate the contact mechanics at the object-digit interfaces and the force coordination among multiple digits during manipulation tasks. Five miniature 6-component force/torque transducers were used to record force and torque data at the tips of individual digits during 5-digit grasping, rotating, and lifting tasks. A digitizing device was used to obtain 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks of the hand for the construction of a hand geometric model. Three dimensional force vectors and the centers of pressure were obtained using the force and torque data collected during the manipulation tasks and were displayed at the tips of the 5 digits. The visualization methods developed in this study could potentially provide an effective tool for the study of object-digit interaction mechanics and inter-digit force coordination during various manipulation tasks.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Unit delay simulation with the inversion algorithm

The Inversion Algorithm is an event driven algorithm whose performance meets or exceeds that of Levelized Compiled Code simulation, even when the activity rate is unrealistically high. Existing implementations of the Inversion Algorithm are based on the Zero Delay model. This paper extends the algorithm to more realistic timing models. The main problems discussed in this paper are avoiding scheduling conflicts, and minimizing the amount of storage space. These problems are made considerably more difficult by the deletion of NOT gates and the collapsing of various connections. These optimizations transform the simulation into a multi-delay simulation under the transport delay model. A complete solution to the scheduling problem is presented under these conditions.
A RISK PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF CATTLE PROCUREMENT BY BEEF PACKERS

Producers and processors of many agricul- for the Snyder and Candler study, however, tural commodities can choose from among sev- agricultural processors' choices among alternaeral coordination arrangements including spot- tive arrangements for procurement of raw promarket exchange, contractual arrangements, ducts have received relatively little attention. and vertical integration. Firm decisions about Information about processor choices among coordination arrangements are important be- spot-market purchases, contract purchases, cause they affect the success or even the sur- and vertical integration is essential to an unvival of the firm and also cause broader derstanding of trends underway in the use of impacts. The choice of marketing arrange- alternative arrangements and factors that are ments will influence a firm's profitability likely to affect these trends. through prices received or paid, quality prem- This study is an examination of processor iums or discounts, marketing costs incurred, choices among raw-product procurement alterexposure to production or price risk, and per- natives. The objectives are to specify a decihaps capital requirements. These firm deci- sion model incorporating procurement alternasions may have repercussions throughout the tives for processors and to use the model to industry. For example, decisions by processing analyze beef-packer choices among selected firms to shift from spot purchases to contract fed-cattle procurement arrangements. The appurchases may effectively foreclose the oppor- proach used should be applicable to analyses of tunity for producers to make spot sales. Deci- processor procurement of several agricultural sions by processors to vertically integrate into commodities. Beef-packer procurement of fed production may force specialized producers out cattle was selected for study for several reaof business by limiting their marketing alter- sons. Cattle feeding and beef packing are both natives. Firm decision models focusing on large and important industries. Several differchoices among coordination arrangements ent types of marketing arrangements between should be helpful for prescribing and predict- feeders and packers are now in use, and are ing firm behavior, predicting trends in relative generating concern among cattle feeders and importance of alternative arrangements, and others about trends in the relative importance evaluating policies (e.g., laws prohibiting of alternative arrangements. For example, in processor ownership of production facilities) Iowa a law now prohibits packing firms from that are designed to influence these trends. owning and operating feedlots. The results of
Pheochromocytoma of the broad ligament. Localization by computerized tomography and ultrasonography.

• Computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography demonstrated a pheochromocytoma of the broad ligament of the uterus in a patient in whom arteriographic findings had been negative. We suggest that either or both of these techniques be used initially because, although they are not histologically specific, they are noninvasive and sensitive. An additional advantage of CT is its ability to evaluate sites of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas above the diaphragm. ( Arch Intern Med 140:550-552, 1980)
Partial rank modulation for flash memories

Rank modulation was recently proposed as an information representation for multilevel flash memories, using permutations or ranks of n flash cells. The current decoding process finds the cell with the i-th highest charge level at iteration i, for i = 1, 2, …, n−1. Motivated by the need to reduce the number of such iterations, we consider k-partial permutations, where only the highest k cell levels are considered for information representation. We propose a generalization of Gray codes for k-partial permutations such that information is updated efficiently.
A Tiger and a President: Imperceptible Celebrity Facial Cues Influence Trust and Preference

Neuroscientific research suggests that the brain has evolved specific capabilities enabling automatic social judgments of others to be made based on facial properties alone. However, little research in marketing has considered the consequences of how facial imagery is automatically processed. We explore automatic perceptions of familiarity by using morphing software to digitally combine unfamiliar faces with those of Tiger Woods and George Bush. Despite a complete lack of conscious recognition, trustworthiness ratings of the composite faces are clearly influenced by the celebrities in question. This appears to be due to implicit recognition being sufficient for individuals to automatically access their own summary valence judgments of either Woods or Bush. Alternative explanations based on a perceptual-fluency account, or implicit recognition sufficient to perceive specific trait ratings, are ruled out. These findings suggest that the marketing practice of digitally manipulating the attractiveness of facial imagery risks overlooking the important influence of familiarity.
Acetylene: Isomerization and Dissociation

The Stimulated Emission Pumping (SEP) spectrum at 15600 cm−1 above the HCCH X1σ+g zero point level contains features diagnostic of isomerization to vinylidene. It also illustrates a powerful new way, spectral cross-correlation, for extracting dynamical information from high resolution spectra. SEP spectra of the same X-state energy region, from two different intermediate levels (33 vs. 2142), are cross-correlated. The correlation index is expected and found to be insignificant, except for isolated energy regions where a vinylidene basis state promotes acetylene mode mixing. The energy width of the correlated region is a direct measure of the distribution of vinylidene character into predominantly acetylene eigenstates. SEP spectra of HCCD provide additional information about the acetylene-vinylidene isomerization process. The HCC-H dissociation energy is poorly known but crucial to kinetic models for hydrocarbon combustion. The presence of a low lying excited state in HCC and HCC+ complicates the interpretation of dissociation and ionization threshold experiments. Zeeman Anticrossing Spectroscopy provides an opportunity to detect the onset of predissociation in a single rovibronic level of the HCCH A state by inducing anticrossings with levels of the T1 and T2 surfaces (all three isomers of each, cis-HCCH, trans-HCCH, and vinylidene) and, indirectly, with high vibrational levels of the X state. We have detected one predissociative anticrossing in HCCH A υ3 = 4, J = Ka = 1.
Adaptive Mobile Interfaces through Grammar Induction

This paper presents a grammar-induction based approach to partitioning a Web page into several small pages while each small page fits not only spatially but also logically for mobile browsing. Our approach proceeds in three steps: (1) using the grammar induction technique to generate a graph grammar, which formalizes design policies for presenting information in a clear and logic structure; (2) based on the graph grammar, a graph parser parses a Web page to recover the hierarchical logic structure underlying that Web page; (3) the extracted logic structure models the content organization in the Web page, and is used to partition the Web page into several small pages for mobile displays.
Wireless network simulation in aircraft cabins

An electromagnetic propagation prediction tool was used to predict electromagnetic field strength inside airplane cabins. A commercial software package, Wireless Insite/sup /spl reg//, was used to predict power levels inside aircraft cabins and the data was compared with previously collected experimental data. It was concluded that the software could qualitatively predict electromagnetic propagation inside the aircraft cabin environment.
Induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat by reserpine and chlorpromazine.

Treatment of female rats with reserpine or chlorpromazine interrupts normal estrous cycles. To establish whether this effect is related to the discharge of lutcotropin from the adenohypophysis or to the previously demonstrated inhibition of the ovulatory release of pituitary gonadotropin (LH), the pseudopregnancy response in the normal 5-day cyclic rat was tested. When single subcutaneous injections of reserpine (1 mg./kg.) or chlorpromazine (50 mg./kg.) were given to animals during the proestrous or estrous phase of the cycle, 50–60% of the animals became pseudopregnant as indicated by deciduoma formation following uterine traumatization. In contrast, 100% of the rats treated on the first day of dicstrus became pseudopregnant and gave maximal decidual responses. Prolongation of the diestrus phase also occurred in cyclic animals treated on day 2 or 3 of diestrus, but decidual formation, in response to uterine traumatization, was minimal or absent. Nembutal (35 mg./kg.) administered under similar condition...
Field desorption mass spectrometry of cyanogenic glycosides

The field desorption mass spectra of several underivatized cyanogenic glycosides exhibit molecular ions or ions derived from the parent compound by protonation and alkali metal cationization. Abundant fragment ions are present and can be readily related to structure. Significant deviations from established fragmentation pathways are observed due to the nature of the aglycone. The ability to successfully determine the presence of cyanogenic glycosides by field desorption is demonstrated in crude extracts isolated from Vicia sativa, a food-contaminating plant material.
Towards a Molecular Understanding of Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are two distinct neurological disorders that map to human chromosome 15q11-q13 and involve perturbations of imprinted gene expression. PWS is caused by a deficiency of paternal gene expression and AS is caused by a deficiency of maternal gene expression. Experiments in the last year have focused on molecular analysis of the human chromosomal region as well as the homologous region on central mouse chromosome 7. New transcripts and exons have been identified and the epigenetic status of the PWS/AS region in mice and humans has been examined. The imprinting center that is hypothesized to control the switch between the maternal and paternal epigenotypes has also been characterized in greater detail and a mouse model that deletes the homologous element demonstrates a conservation in imprinting center function between mice and humans. In addition, analysis of non-deletion AS patients has revealed that UBE3A intragenic mutations are found in a significant number of cases. However, both human patients and mouse model systems indicate that other genes may also contribute to the AS phenotype. Thus, although much has been learned in the last year, considerable information is still required before these complex syndromes are fully understood.
Drug-Alcohol Interactions

The use of alcohol can be traced back in time over thousands of years and remains prevalent in modern society. Alcohol consumption has shown to both improve health and cause health problems. One such health problem is the potential interaction that can occur when alcohol is consumed while taking certain medications. The drug–alcohol interaction can be due to alternations in the drugs absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or elimination. It can also occur as a result of the additive effect that alcohol can have on an already existing effect of the medication (eg, enhanced sedation). Covered in this article are some of the common drug–alcohol interactions and a brief description about the interaction. The medication classes reviewed include pain relievers, antidepressants, antidiabetic medications, first-generation antihistamines, antipsychotics, sedatives and hypnotics, antibiotics, and warfarin.