cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How often is prep close to the true replication probability

Largely due to dissatisfaction with the standard null hypothesis significance testing procedure, researchers have begun to consider alternatives. For example, Killeen (2005a) has argued that researchers should calculate p rep that is purported to indicate the probability that, if the experiment in question were replicated, the obtained finding would be in the same direction as the original finding. However, Killeen also seems to indicate that rather than being the probability of replication, p rep is actually the probability of obtaining a finding whereby the experimental group mean exceeds the control group mean. Our goal was to determine the relative frequency with which obtained p rep statistics are close to true replication probabilities. Regardless of which way p rep is defined, our simulations show that it is unlikely to be close to the true value unless both the population effect magnitude and the sample size are uncommonly large. The definitional problem in combination with the inaccuracy under either interpretation, constitutes an important challenge for those who espouse the routine computation of p rep statistics.
Probing Cyclodextrin-Guest Associations Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Mass spectrometric investigation of noncovalent interactions has been made possible with the advent of electrospray ionization technique. Early electrospray studies of these interactions have typically examined biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids. Noncovalent interactions also exist between host cyclodextrins and various guest molecules. In this work, we use electrospray mass spectrometry to examine noncovalent host—guest associations between cyclodextrins and several organic molecules with the goal of identifying the types of interactions that predominate in the inclusion complexes formed. The importance of “mild” electrospray conditions and sample preparation procedures are discussed in reference to these studies. Ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenol are used as guest molecules with α, β and γ cyclodextrin hosts to study the effects of host size, guest substituent position, and host:-guest concentration ratio on complex formation. Relative binding affinities are determined for meta-an...
Development of a blocking orifice thermal diode heat pipe

A new geometry is described for low temperature diode heat pipes employing excess liquid to block the vapor space of the evaporator and part of the transport section during reverse mode conditions. An orifice plate is placed in the pipe at the blocking meniscus location, with the opening arranged to permit proper liquid distribution in both ground tests and zero 'g' operation. Parametric analytical results are presented for several fluids (carbon tetrafluoride, methane, and ethane). Experimental data is presented for a room temperature diode verifying feasibility, and a 1/4 in. O.D. cryogenic diode with methane working fluid.
Oxygen consumption, shuttle walking test and the evaluation of lung resection.

Background: Assessment of peak oxygen uptake (VO2) is recommended in the evaluation of patients with borderline pulmonary function as VO2 is the strongest inde
Prolactin homogeneously induces the tRNA population of mouse mammary explants.

Abstract Explants of mouse mammary glands were cultured with and without prolactin in the presence of inorganic [32P] to estimate the effect of prolactin on tRNA synthesis. Labeled tRNA was extracted and characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. tRNA synthesis was 2–3 fold greater in the presence of prolactin; and the synthesis rate of each resolvable tRNA species was increased proportionally. tRNA populations from mouse mammary tissues at three stages of development were also examined. Alterations were noted between early pregnant and fully lactating tissues. The results of this study provide evidence that the tRNA population, which is known to be “specialized” for casein synthesis in the mammary gland, is determined as the gland develops and prepares for lactation.
II.—Quaternary Changes of Levels

The article by Prof. J. W. Spencer in the last May number of this Magazine brings together many evidences of high continental elevation of North America preceding the Pleistocene or Glacial period. Though Professor Spencer has not proceeded to interpret these observations as revealing in continental elevation the probable cause of the severely cold climate and accumulation of ice-sheets during the Glacial period, I believe that this is a legitimate conclusion, and that it strongly re-enforces the arguments long ago advanced by Lyell and Dana, and recently emphasized anew by Wallace.
Maternal and child health in India: what is the role of policy?

This article discusses efforts to improve maternal and child health, focusing mainly on India. Providing an analysis of fertility rates in India, the article examines the country’s fertility decline that has been less rapid compared to other BRIC countries. Efforts to improve maternal and child heath have expanded however, including the National Rural Health Mission, Accredited Social Health Activists, and Safe Motherhood Scheme (Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) program), a cash incentive effort. A study by the author and her colleague about the JSY program examined its impact on utilization of health-care services as well as impact on poor, less educated, and rural women. In summary, a virtuous cycle is needed for health care: fewer children, healthier mothers, healthier children, and greater investments in child quality in nutrition as well as education. These factors contribute to poverty alleviation and economic growth.
High-spin molecules: A mixed-valence Mn6 octahedron with an S = 11 ground state

Abstract The employment of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane ligand in higher oxidation state Mn cluster chemistry has yielded a new hexanuclear, mixed-valence (II,III,IV) compound with a rare [Mn6(μ6-O)]18+ octahedral core. The Mn6 molecule is completely ferromagnetically coupled and possesses an S = 11 ground state, the maximum for a MnII, 2MnIII, 3MnIV species.
Using ESEM and SEM to compare the performance of dentin conditioners

A comparison of four dentinal conditioners was performed utilizing a traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a new technology, the ElectroScan environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Both ESEM and SEM analysis verified current theorized mechanisms of adhesion to dentin surfaces. ESEM images appeared to more closely approximate what one would expect cut and treated dentin surfaces look like. Increases in information from the "surfaces" of uncoated specimens and the reduction in specimen preparation time were associated with ESEM analysis.
Shedding light on sheddases: role in growth and development.

The extracellular domains of several integral membrane proteins are released from the cell surface by a group of enzymes known as "sheddases" through a process called "ectodomain shedding". Because many transmembrane growth and differentiation factors, including members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that play a crucial role in development, require ectodomain shedding for proper action in vivo, proteolysis is now viewed as a regulatory mechanism in the developing embryos. Two recent reports by Zhao et al. provide evidence for the role of cell surface proteolysis by an ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) in the development of murine lung. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE, ADAM17) by the hydroxamic acid-based metalloprotease inhibitor (TAPI), or a targeted mutation in Zn(2+)-binding domain of TACE, disrupts two essential epithelial functions in lung development: branching morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. Evidence for the role of ADAMs as sheddases in development and growth factor signaling is discussed.
Surgical management of infantile cataracts in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa describes a group of mechanobullous skin diseases that result in the formation of blisters with little or no trauma. In dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, the eyelid skin and ocular surface are commonly affected; however, infantile cataracts are a rare occurrence. A 7-month-old boy with dense bilateral cataracts and nystagmus underwent cataract extraction, lens implantation, and limited vitrectomy with the use of specialized techniques to reduce iatrogenic skin and ocular surface complications. No iatrogenic skin or ocular surface complications were observed postoperatively. At 24 months of age, the child demonstrated improved visual function.
Weak compactness and uniform convergence of operators in spaces of Bochner integrable functions

The classical characterization of weak compactness in the space L’(p) over a measure space (X, C, p), states that a bounded set Kc L’(p) is relatively weakly compact iff it is uniformly o-additive (or, equivalently, uniformly inegrable, or uniformly p-absolutely continuous, in case P-l(X) < 00 1. In this paper we give a new characterization of weak compactness in L’(p) which is completely different from the classical one. It is stated in terms of uniform weak convergence of certain “admissible” sequences of operators (Theorem 6). It is interesting to make a comparative analysis of these two characterizations of weak compactness.
Surface plasmon standing waves in large-area subwavelength hole arrays

A flexible and parallel procedure to generate large-area, free-standing films of subwavelength hole arrays has been demonstrated. This method is materials-general, and multilayered films of different materials were constructed. The optical quality of these films was tested using a near-field scanning optical microscope, which revealed the formation of surface plasmon standing wave patterns that were consistent with numerical simulations. Because the properties of the holes and the film materials can be easily tailored, new types of plasmonic and photonic devices can be envisioned and tested.
Negative and neutral marsh plant interactions dominate in early life stages and across physical gradients in an Oregon estuary

Conceptual models and some empirical studies in plant systems show that species interactions can shift from competitive under low stress and high productivity conditions to positive under high stress and low productivity conditions. In this study, we explore the relative strength and direction of marsh plant interactions at early life stages across a stress and productivity gradient in South Slough, Coos Bay, Oregon, USA. Germination and survival of five plant species (Atriplex patula L., Distichlis spicata (L.), Plantago maritima (Lam.) A. Gray, Sarcocornia pacifica (Standl.) A. J. Scott, Triglochin maritimum L.) were examined in the presence and absence of neighboring vegetation at three intertidal levels in each of three marsh sites along an estuarine gradient. We found that many of the interactions measured across these gradients were negative or neutral. The direction of the interactions depended on life stage, with neighboring plants having mostly negative and neutral effects on seed germination, and mostly neutral and rarely positive effects on seedling survival especially at lower intertidal locations. The exception was in the high intertidal at all sites, where competition was common. We found that the intensity of the interactions varied depending on marsh site, intertidal elevation, and plant species identity and that life stage and regional climate may be responsible for the general lack of positive interactions. We suggest that measuring species interactions across complex gradients of physical stress at different life stages can help refine our conceptual models and lead to better predictions of the factors controlling community structure.
Reasons for Readmission After Carotid Endarterectomy

Objective With increasing oversight of postoperative outcomes with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the reduction of readmissions is necessary to avoid financial penalties. This article provides a multi-institutional, multivariate analysis of the pre- and postoperative patient factors associated with readmission after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2011, we considered 8456 patients. The primary outcome variable was 30-day unplanned readmission. Multiple logistic regression was used, and we controlled for preoperative demographic variables, comorbidities and clinical characteristics, and postoperative medical and surgical complications. Results Patients with CEA had a 6.0% unplanned readmission rate. The most common comorbidities in the readmitted patients included hypertension, diabetes, and bleeding disorder. Risk-adjusted multiple regression indicated that preoperative bleeding disorder (odds ratio [OR] 1.62), diabetes (OR 1.46), history of a cerebrovascular accident/stroke (OR 1.46), and increasing age (OR 1.01) were statistically significant predictors for readmission. Postoperatively, surgical-site infection (OR 21.90), myocardial infarction (OR 10.35), sepsis/septic shock (OR 7.79), cerebrovascular accident/stroke (OR 6.58), pneumonia (OR 4.37), and urinary tract infection (OR 3.21) were associated with a greater rate of readmission. Conclusions Readmission after CEA occurs at a comparatively high rate. Preoperative bleeding disorders, diabetes, cerebrovascular accidents, and age and postoperative surgical-site infection, myocardial infarction, sepsis/septic shock, pneumonia, and cerebrovascular accident were associated with readmission. These findings may help guide the surgical management of patients and prevent costly readmissions.
Removal of cell-associated myxoviruses by antibody.

Discussion and SummaryThe fact that the two strains IS and BA in AL showed such a large difference in sensitivity to the same NDV antibody makes it seem likely that the disappearance of cell-associated viral hemagglutinins is due to a reaction at the cell membrane, not inside the cell. Since the HAI titer was approximately the same for IS as for BA, entry of antibody into the cell should cause equal inhibition. In the antibody-sensitive cell-virus systems, virus budding through the membrane probably is removed as fast as it is formed and it follows that maturation is exclusively at a site accessible to antibody. With virus strains where large amounts of cell associated hemagglutinins are formed, even in the presence of extracellular antibody, intracellular HA production seems likely. Evidence for association of influenza virus with internal membranes of the cell has been presented by Holland and Kiehn (8). Also it is of interest that ascites lymphoma cells infected with influenza are more resistant to ant...
Renormalizability of φ3 theory in 6-dimensional curved spacetime

Abstract We show that φ 3 theory in a general 6-dimensional curved spacetime is renormalizable at the two-loop level by demonstrating the cancellation of non-local divergences. We also calculate the full set of local two-loop counterterms. The heat kernel is used to obtain an expansion for the propagator, in the presence of the background field, in configuration space. This expansion isolates singular terms in the short-distance limit which give rise to ultraviolet divergences.
Percutaneous infection of Hylobius pales by Metarrhizium anisopliae

Abstract The manner in which Metarrhizium anisopliae infects larval and adult Hylobius pales was investigated histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. In the presence of fungal and bacterial contaminants on beetles, none or few conidia of M. anisopliae germinated. Antibiosis is suggested, since the inhibition could be eliminated by surface sterilization. On larvae, the contaminants were scarce, and spore germination was greater. With germination, the germ tubes typically grew extensively over the procuticle or sclerites before producing appressoria of various shapes and sizes. These appressoria consistently produced a light-transmissible mucoid substance. Conidia, germ tubes, and appressoria were frequently fused into infection cushions of random arrangement and size. Sclerites of larvae and adults were not penetrated by the fungus, whereas procuticle and metawings were.
STUDIES ON PITUITARY FUNCTIONS

Since 1921 our laboratory has been making an attempt, with a fairly common laboratory animal, to separate any existing and separable hereditary levels of pituitary function into different races or strains. If this attempt proves successful we should be able to examine, to very great advantage, the role of the various pituitary functions in the adult life and in the whole of the ontogenetic development of the individual. It is still too early to venture a report upon this, our main, pituitary problem; but, in this prolonged and difficult task we are trying to utilize the disclosures made in this field by others, and—somewhat incidentally—we have been led to a few observations of our own. Four of these points can be discussed here.
Design of coronary circulation: A minimum energy hypothesis

The coronary circulation consists of a complex system of blood vessels that nourishes the heart muscle. In order to understand the coronary circulation, it is essential to understand the design rules or scaling laws of the system under homeostatic conditions. Our hypothesis is that the cost of operation of fluid conduction and fluid metabolism are minimized, i.e., the minimum energy hypothesis. This hypothesis along with conservation of energy under steady-state flow leads to scaling relationships between vascular length and volume of coronary arterial tree, diameter and length of coronary vessel branches and lumen diameter and blood flow rate in each vessel branch. These relationships are validated based on a complete set of anatomical data of the entire coronary arterial tree down to the capillaries and a steady-state flow analysis. Our results show very good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data. These results provide insight into the design of the coronary arterial tree in health and may be used as a reference state for the study of coronary artery disease.
Prolonged preservation of nerve function in diabetic neuropathy in mice by herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in mice, achieved by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-mediated gene transfer with gene expression under the control of an HSV latency promoter, can provide protection against the progression of diabetic neuropathy over a 6 month period.
Recent advances in the alternating method for elastic and inelastic fracture analyses

Abstract The numerical-analytical alternating method (wherein finite elements or boundary elements are used for numerical analysis of an uncracked structure) is a very efficient and accurate method for fracture analysis. It saves both time in the computational analysis and human effort in preparing analysis models. In this paper we summarize the recent developments in this method, including: (1) the alternating method and its convergence for mixed boundary value problems, with the presence of both traction and displacement boundary conditions; (2) a non-iterative method to construct solutions for multiple arbitrarily located embedded cracks using the solution for a single embedded crack in an infinite body; (3) the analysis of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics problems; (4) the analysis of crack-growth in plane fracture situations; and (5) an efficient and accurate algorithm for the evaluation of elastoplastic stress state in a cracked structure, based on the generalized mid-point radial return for 3D constitutive laws and the stress subspace method for the plane stress analysis, and a study of link-up of multiple cracks in a wide-spread fatigue damage situation in an aircraft panel. Some numerical examples are also given.
Computational analysis of hypersonic airbreathing aircraft flow fields

The general problem of calculating the flow fields associated with hypersonic airbreathing aircraft is presented. Unique aspects of hypersonic aircraft aerodynamics are introduced and their demands on computational fluid dynamics are outlined. Example calculations associated with inlet/forebody integration and hypersonic nozzle design are presented to illustrate the nature of the problems considered.
The effects of age on perceptual field dependence

The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in problem solving situations that are affected by field dependence. The portable rod-and-frame test and two series of ambiguous figures were employed as measures of field dependence. These tests were administered to 12 females in each of the following age groups: 40s, 50s, and 60s. All subjects were moderately to well educated, healthy, and relatively active members of the community. All had at least 20/33 corrected or uncorrected vision. Neither age nor menopausal status nor hormonal level was found to be significant factors affecting performance.
Transforming Our Understanding of Theories, Paradigms, & Mental Disorders: The Legacy of Donald Capps in the Field of Pastoral Care and Counseling

The life and work of Donald Capps has transformed my thinking and practice as a teacher, minister, and counselor. Incorporating his research into my clinical practice has led me to greater compassion and grace toward those clients who present with personality disorders and characterological disturbances.
FACTORS AFFECTING EQUITY FINANCING OF LARGE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS, 1946–56*

EQUITY ISSUES HAVE made up only a small proportion of total longterm external financing by corporations in the United States since the end of World War II. This caused much discussion, especially in the early part of the period, concerning the factors affecting corporate financing. Since the extent of external equity financing varied considerably from 1946 through 1956, a study of corporate financing during that period may disclose the important determinants of such financing. The ratio of external equity financing to total long-term external financing by large industrial corporations displayed greater variation than did the ratio for all corporations. The purposes of this thesis are (1) to determine the most important factors causing the fluctuations in the amount of equity issues and in the ratio of equity issues to total long-term issues by large industrial corporations in the period 1946-56 and (2) to determine the way in which each of these factors affected equity issues in the period. The data for the study came primarily from a random sample of one hundred firms taken from the list in Fortune Magazine of the five hundred largest industrial corporations in the United States in 1955. Since all the preferred stock issues by the corporations were found to include predominantly creditorship covenants, equity issues as defined in the thesis include only common-stock issues. Although debt issues accounted for a large proportion of total issues, the ratio of aggregate equity capital to the total assets of all the corporations was sustained throughout the period by the high level of retained earnings in most of the years. An adequate equity buffer, low financial charges, and good earnings during most of the period meant that debt financing could be used predominantly to obtain any outside capital that was needed without incurring an excessive amount of financial risk. Four factors seem to explain most of the variation in equity issues
Fast and Slow Quenching Defects in Germanium

Fast quenching defects are observed in germanium samples from crystals grown in hydrogen atmospheres, but not if the hydrogen has been removed by out-diffusion or in material crystallized in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effective diffusion coefficient for hydrogen in Ge at 430°C was found to be 1.8 × 10-8cm2/sec. Energy levels and concentrations of slow quenching defects have been studied by Hall effect vs. T measurements as a function of annealing time at 430°C. In addition to the 0.08 eV acceptor commonly seen in dislocation-free samples, several other defects appear with energy levels closer to the valence band. The concentrations of all these defects increase initially and then disappear again with further annealing.
Are Measurements of LDL Particles Ready for Prime Time

In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Ensign et al.(1) report on the differences in 4 methods commonly used to assess LDL subfractions or particles. The results are both interesting and deeply disturbing. In a careful, well-planned study, Ensign and colleagues prospectively and simultaneously collected blood samples as required for each method. Sample analyses by 3 of the methods in question, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), density gradient ultracentrifugation (VAP), and gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), were performed by the laboratories that developed and commercially offer these technologies. The fourth technique, tube gel electrophoresis (TGE), is sold as a commercial reagent set and was performed in the investigators’ own laboratory according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The primary result investigated was LDL pattern, as interpreted by the reporting laboratories. Other results reported by some of the laboratories included particle number/concentration and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), the current focus of national and international treatment guidelines and therapeutic goals(2)(3). Comparison of the LDL pattern results, as interpreted by the reporting laboratories, revealed substantial disparity between the methods, with only 8% (3 of 40) of samples showing complete agreement among the 4 methods for the most basic and qualitative of the interpretations, that of whether the samples analyzed had what is known as pattern A or pattern B. The 2 assays that agreed most often, NMR and GGE, did so for 28 of 37 samples for which results were available for both methods. This comparability was no better than that obtained with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III cut-point of 1.70 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) for optimal triglycerides(2), above which pattern B and below which pattern A can be predicted. In the study by Ensign et al, there was observed agreement of NMR with triglyceride results in 28 …
Activation or Tolerance of Natural Killer Cells Is Modulated by Ligand Quality in a Nonmonotonic Manner

Natural killer (NK) cells extend important immune resistance in vertebrates by lysing infected and tumor cells. A fine balance between opposing signals generated by a diverse set of stimulatory and inhibitory NK-cell receptors determines the fate of target cells interacting with the NK cells. We have developed a mathematical model involving membrane proximal initial signaling events that provides novel mechanistic insights into how activation of NK cells is modulated by the half-life of receptor-ligand interaction and ligand concentrations. We show that strong stimulatory ligands produce digital activation, whereas weaker stimulatory ligands can mediate inhibition by strengthening the signals generated by inhibitory ligands, as indicated in experiments in knockout mice. We find under certain conditions, counterintuitively, inhibitory receptors can help mediate activation instead of inhibition. Mechanistic insights gained from NK-cell signaling can facilitate understanding of complex signaling responses that occur due to cross talk between dueling signaling pathways in other cell types.
Beyondism: Raymond B. Cattell and the new eugenics

A significant confusion has arisen out of the mass of work done on the history of eugenics in the last two decades. Early scholars of the subject treated eugenics as a marginalized or obsolete movement of the radical right. Subsequent research has shown that eugenic ideas were adopted in diverse national settings by very different groups, including--among others--liberals, communists and Catholics, as well as radical rightists. This complexity is sometimes taken to mean that eugenic has no special ideological associations, that it is historically and potentially a beast of a thousand heads. It is not. Although people of varied ideological commitments have been attracted to eugenics, ideologues of the radical right, and above all interwar fascists, have been uniquely and centrally involved in its development. Fascism and the radical right are also complex entities, but for all the heterogeneity of both eugenics and fascism, the special historical relationship between the two cannot be ignored. This relationship is exemplified in the work of the influential psychologist, Raymond B. Cattell. Cattell was an early supporter of German national socialism and his work should be understood in the context of interwar fascism. The new religious movement that he founded, 'Beyondism', is a neo-fascist contrivance. Cattell now promulgates ideas that he formulated within a demimonde of radical eugenists and neo-fascists that includes such as associates as Revilo Oliver, Roger Pearson, Wilmot Robertson and Robert K. Graham. These ideas and Cattell's role in the history of eugenics deserve deeper analysis than they have hitherto received. Far from being of merely antiquarian interest, his work currently encourages the propagation of radical eugenist ideology. It is unconscionable for scholars to permit these ideas to go unchallenged, and indeed honored and emulated by a new generation of ideologues and academicians whose work helps to dignify the most destructive political ideas of the twentieth century.
Advances in T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging in the abdomen and pelvis

Utilization of abdominopelvic MR imaging continues to increase in volume and gain widespread clinical acceptance. Many factors such as diaphragmatic respiratory motion, bulk patient motion, and the need for large volumetric coverage while maintaining clinically feasible scan times have proven challenging for body applications of MRI. However, many advances in MR acquisition, including non-Cartesian T1-weighted and T2-weighted acquisitions, advanced Dixon sequences, and 3-dimensional volumetric T2-weighted imaging have helped to mitigate some of the issues which have hampered abdominopelvic MR. This article will summarize these advances in T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging, with an emphasis on clinical applications and implementation.
Heparan sulfate: functional role at the cellular level.

Metabolic and structural characteristics of cellular heparan sulfate are used to formulate guidelines for the possible functional roles of the N-sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A review of complications and completion rates

Abstract Objective. Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has a clear survival advantage in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, but the high rate of complications has discouraged widespread acceptance. The purpose of this study was to review the completion rate of patients receiving IP chemotherapy as first line treatment at a single institution and determine what factors prohibit completion of therapy. Methods. Patients receiving IP chemotherapy from 1993 to 2006 were identified by hospital registries for a retrospective review. Charts were abstracted for patient demographics, clinical and pathologic findings, surgical intervention, treatment modalities, and toxicity. Results. Eighty-three patients were identified who received front line treatment with IP chemotherapy. All patients received a platinum and taxane agent. Port placement (single lumen, venous access device) was completed at time of cytoreductive surgery (33%, n =27) or by mini-laparotomy (67%, n =56). Fifty patients (60%) completed a minimum of 6 cycles of treatment with a mean of 5 cycles. Eleven patients (13%) discontinued treatment due to catheter-related complications including infection ( n =4), access difficulties ( n =3), grade 4 abdominal pain ( n =1), port leaking ( n =1), and development of a peritoneal-vaginal fistula ( n =1). Sixteen patients (19%) did not complete IP treatment because of chemotherapy-related toxicity. The remaining six patients did not complete chemotherapy due to disease progression or other reasons unrelated to modality of treatment. Conclusions. Few catheter-related complications were encountered in a review of front-line IP chemotherapy administration at a single institution using a single lumen venous access device. The majority of failures were due to persistent grade 3–4 chemotherapy toxicity. IP chemotherapy can be safely administered by a dedicated health-care team committed to IP chemotherapy as a front-line treatment.
AURA—A radio frequency extension to IceCube

Abstract The excellent radio frequency (RF) transparency of cold polar ice, combined with the coherent Cherenkov emission produced by neutrino-induced showers when viewed at wavelengths longer than a few centimeters, has spurred considerable interest in a large-scale radio-wave neutrino detector array. The AURA (Askaryan Under-ice Radio Array) experimental effort, within the IceCube collaboration, seeks to take advantage of the opportunity presented by IceCube [A. Karle, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2009), this issue, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.03.180 . [1] ; A. Achtenberg et al., The IceCube Collaboration, Astropart. Phys. 26 (2006) 155 [2] ] drilling through 2010 to establish the RF technology needed to achieve 100– 1000 km 3 effective volumes. In the 2006–2007 Austral summer, three deep in-ice RF clusters were deployed at depths of ∼ 1300 and ∼ 300 m on top of the IceCube strings. Additional three clusters will be deployed in the Austral summer of 2008–2009. Verification and calibration results from the current deployed clusters are presented, and the detector design and performances are discussed. Augmentation of IceCube with large-scale ( 1000 km 3 sr ) radio and acoustic arrays would extend the physics reach of IceCube into the EeV–ZeV regime and offer substantial technological redundancy.
The structure of U3(O)(OCMe3)10, and unusual trinuclear U(IV) oxo-alkoxide

Abstract In an attempt to prepared tetrakis(tert-butoxy)uranium(IV) a trinuclear oxo-alkoxide of uranium(IV) was obtained instead. The compound has the formula U3O[(CH3)3CO]10 and it crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63mc with a = b = 18.256(4) A, c = 10.013(2) A, Z = 2. The trinuclear unit is strikingly reminiscent of that in Mo3O(OCH2CMe3)10. In contrast to the molybdenum compound where there is metal-metal bonding, the U⋯U distance of 3.574(1) A indicates a non-bonded interaction.
Phosphorylation of the RGS protein Sst2 by the MAP kinase Fus3 and use of Sst2 as a model to analyze determinants of substrate sequence specificity

Previously, we used mass spectrometry to demonstrate pheromone-stimulated phosphorylation of Ser-539 in Sst2, a regulator of G protein signaling in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Garrison, T. R., et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 36387-36391]. Here, we show that Sst2 phosphorylation is mediated by the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Fus3. Phosphorylation occurs within a canonical MAP kinase phosphorylation site (Pro-X-Ser/Thr-Pro, where "X" at the - 1 position can be any amino acid), a consensus sequence deduced earlier from analysis of synthetic peptide substrates. In a direct test of the model, we compared Sst2 phosphorylation following systematic substitution of the -1 residue His-538. Each of the substitution mutants was suitable as a MAP kinase substrate, as shown by phosphorylation-dependent mobility shifts in vivo and/or by direct phosphorylation in vitro followed by peptide mapping and mass spectrometry sequencing. This analysis documents phosphorylation of Sst2 by Fus3 and demonstrates that the prevailing model for MAP kinase recognition is valid for a native substrate protein in vivo as well as for small synthetic peptides tested in vitro.
Response to Jorge González's “Dark side of the fractal moon. . .”;

(1999). Response to Jorge Gonzalez's “Dark side of the fractal moon. . .”; Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 232-237.
The distribution of beta-1- and beta-2-adrenergic receptors of normal and reeler mouse brain: an in vitro autoradiographic study.

Abstract The densities of beta-1 and beta-2-adrenergic receptors in normal and reeler mice brains were compared using in vitro autoradiography. For the most part, the regional distribution of the beta-receptor subtypes in mouse brain was similar to that of rat [Rainbow et al. (1984) Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1585–1589]. The most striking differences in beta-adrenergic receptor localization between the mouse and rat brain were in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis. The superficial layer of the mouse superior colliculus had high densities of beta-1 receptors and much lower densities of beta-2 receptors, while the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus had moderately high densities of beta-2 and lower densities of beta-1 receptors. The mouse bed nucleus of stria terminalis had greater densities of beta-1 receptors than beta-2 receptors. This structure in the rat possessed roughly equivalent densities of beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. In general, the distributional pattern of beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in the reeler mouse brain matched that of the normal mouse brain. In regions which neuronal malpositioning had been reported, such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, beta-1 and beta-2 receptors were still present in proportions similar to normal mice; however, the pattern of beta-receptors within each of these regions was altered. The beta-receptor subtypes in these structures showed an abnormal radial distribution similar to the abnormal radial positioning of neurons in these structures.
A New Taxoid, 19-Acetoxytaxagifine, from Taxus chinensis

A new taxane diterpene, 19-acetoxytaxagifine (1), was isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Taxus chinensis. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectral evidence.
Harmonal regulation of adult sympathetic neurons: the effects of castration on tyrosine hydroxylase activity

Abstract The effects of the hormone testosterone on neurotransmitter synthesis in peripheral sympathetic ganglia were examined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tyrosine hydroxylase (T-OH), the rate limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis was examined in the hypogastric (HG), coeliac (CG), and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) subsequent to castration. Initial studies indicated that 2 weeks after surgery, HG T-OH activity fell to approximately 30% of control. In order to more clearly define the pattern of testosterone effects, HG was examined 1, 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. T-OH activity was 67%, 50% and 11% of control at these 3 respective time points, and the observed alteration in T-OH activity appeared to parallel changes in the size of pelvic target organs. Similar hormonal effects did not occur in other peripheral sympathetic ganglia; T-OH activity was unchanged in SCG and CG when examined 1 month after castration. Enzyme activity was restored following replacement therapy with testosterone, whereas the neural metabolite 17-β estradiol was without effect. The recovery in T-OH activity was associated with partial recovery of target organ size. These studies suggest that hormonal factors regulate neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes in adult sympathetic neurons and may do so via consequences of alterations in target organs. These observations parallel similar events in the developing nervous system.
Influence of crystal structure on the tableting properties of n‐alkyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate esters (parabens)

ABSTRACT Certain crystallographic features, such as the existence of slip planes, can greatly facilitate the ability of crystals to deform plastically. An investigation of the relationship between the slip planes and the tableting performance of the crystals of methyl, ethyl, n ‐propyl, and n ‐butyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate (parabens) was conducted. The absence of slip planes in methyl paraben crystal structure results in significantly poorer tableting performance than the other three parabens. While slip planes are present in the crystal structures of ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens, they exhibited different plasticity as confirmed by crystal free volume analysis, crystal nano‐indentation hardness, and Heckel analysis. Sieved fraction, 150–250 µm, of each paraben powder was compressed into tablets under different conditions. Tablet tensile strength, porosity, and Indices of tableting performance (ITP) were obtained. Under the same compaction pressure, tablet tensile strength was higher for crystals with higher plasticity. Tableting performance, assessed using the ITP, also improved with increasing crystal plasticity. The results confirm that high levels of plasticity, which can result from the presence of slip planes in crystal lattice, plays a critical role in the formation of strong and intact tablets by means of powder compaction. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 96: 3324–3333, 2007
Angiogenesis: The Major Abnormality of the Keratin-14 IL-4 Transgenic Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Objective: Angiogenesis plays an important role in psoriasis, but its role in atopic dermatitis is unknown. The authors examined the dermal microvasculature of an IL-4 transgenic mouse model of ato...
Vegetative anatomy of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae)

Abstract Leaves in Orchidinae are essentially glabrous; anticlinal walls of foliar epidermal cells are basically straight-sided to curvilinear, and cells are fundamentally polygonal on both surfaces; adaxial cells are larger than abaxial cells. Stomata are anomocytic and usually only abaxial and superficial; substomatal chambers are small to moderate; outer and inner guard cell ledges are mostly small. There is no hypodermis nor are there fibre bundles. Mesophyll is homogeneous, chlorenchyma cells are thin-walled, and intercellular spaces numerous. Crystalliferous idioblasts abound. Vascular bundles are collateral, organized in a single series, and lack associated sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells are thin-walled and chlorophyllous. Stems are glabrous; stomata are frequent in one species, lacking in others. Cortical cells are oval to circular, thick-walled, and interspersed with triangular intercellular spaces. Ground-tissue cells are circular, and triangular intercellular spaces are present. Vascular bundles are collateral and scattered throughout the ground-tissue or are absent from the central ground-tissue. Epidermis in absorbing roots is one-layered and non-velamentous. Exodermal cells are thin-walled and dead cell walls bear tenuous scalariform bars; some species lack an exodermis. Outer cortical cells are polygonal and lack intercellular spaces; middle layer cortical cells are rounded with triangular intercellular spaces; inner layer cells are polygonal and lack intercellular spaces. Endodermis and pericycle are thin-walled and one-layered. Vascular cylinder is mostly 7–9-arch with xylem and phloem components alternating regularly; vascular tissue is embedded in parenchyma; pith cells are parenchymatous, polygonal, thin-walled and lack intercellular spaces. Root tubers generally bear a velamen of variable thickness; bulbous-based unicellular hairs frequently form a dense mat; exodermal cells are thin-walled; dead cells have scalariform bars, passage cells are sparse. Ground-tissue consists of rounded water-storage and assimilatory cells interspersed with triangular or quadrangular intercellular spaces; peripheral cells are polygonal lacking intercellular spaces. Vascular tissue consists of monarch to pentarch meristeles distributed thoughout the ground-tissue each surrounded by a uniseriate endodermis of thin-walled cells. Thin roots of Platanthera exhibit a typical central cylinder surrounded by a homogeneous cortex uninterrupted by meristeles; thicker roots show a central vascular cylinder and cortex in which meristeles are also present; in globoid root tubers there is no central cylinder, and the ground-tissue is replete with scattered meristeles. Because the central vascular cylinder in Platanthera gives rise to branches (meristeles), these represent components of a single vascular system and are not separate stelar entities as implied by the use of the term «polystele».
CT and appendicitis: evaluation of correlation between CT diagnosis and pathological diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between appendiceal size measured by contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis and the size of surgically removed appendixes on gross pathological examination. Materials and methods: The initial database consisted of the cases of 301 children, collected over 2 years, of which 56 met inclusion criteria. Both the radiology and surgical pathology reports of these patients were reviewed. Results: The mean size of appendixes meeting the CT size criteria of appendicitis was 10.3 mm, and that of the surgical pathology specimens was 10.4 mm. The pathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed in 54 of 56 cases, yielding a positive predictive value of 96.4%. The Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.5443 (95% CI 0.329 to 0.706). The slope of the linear correlation was 0.5788. The mean absolute difference in CT size versus pathological size was 2.2 mm. Conclusion: The data reveal a strong correlation in ability of CT to predict the presence of acute appendicitis, with moderate correlation in the size estimate of acutely inflamed appendixes, as imaged on CT, and the pathological specimen status after appendectomy.
Soft X-ray microscopy with a cryo scanning transmission X-ray microscope: II. Tomography

Using a cryo scanning transmission X-ray microscope (Maser, et al. (2000) Soft X-ray microscopy with a cryo scanning transmission X-ray microscope: I. Instrumentation, imaging and spectroscopy. J. Microsc. 197, 68-79), we have obtained tomographic data-sets of frozen hydrated mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. The ice thickess was several micrometres throughout the reconstruction volume, precluding cryo electron tomography. Projections were acquired within the depth of focus of the focusing optics, and the three-dimensional reconstruction was obtained using an algebraic reconstruction technique. In this first demonstration, 100 nm lateral and 250 nm longitudinal resolution was obtained in images of unlabelled cells, with potential for substantial further gains in resolution. Future efforts towards tomography of spectroscopically highlighted subcellular components in whole cells are discussed.
A 10.9GS/s, 64 Taps Distributed Waveform Generator with DAC-Assisted Current-Steering Pulse Generators in 0.18μm Digital CMOS

A distributed waveform generator (DWG) with DAC-assisted pulse generators is presented for the ultrafast waveform generation. It time-interleaves multiple pulse generators, and uses an on-chip transmission line for wideband pulse combining. Each unit pulse generator adopts a new current-steering topology which incorporates the edge combiner into the conventional current-steering structure for high-speed pulse generation. The transversal structure of the DWG enables a fully reconfigurable waveform generation. A 64-tap, 10.9 GS/S prototype was implemented in 0.18 mum standard digital CMOS technology. The average rise time of basis pulses generated from all 64 taps is 70 ps. The average tap delay is 91.8 ps. Characterization results and some example waveforms are shown in detail.