cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PIKE-A is a proto-oncogene promoting cell growth, transformation and invasion

PIKE-A (phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3)-kinase enhancer) is a ubiquitously expressed GTPase, which binds to and enhances protein kinase B (Akt) kinase activity in a guanine nucleotide-dependent manner. PIKE-A is one of the components of the CDK4 amplicon that is amplified in numerous human cancers. However, whether PIKE-A itself can mediate cell transformation, proliferation and migration remains unknown. Here, we show that PIKE-A is overexpressed in various human cancer samples, escalates U87MG glioblastoma invasion and provokes NIH3T3 cell transformation. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) PIKE-A enhances NIH3T3 and U87MG cell growth, which is further increased by cancer cell-derived PIKE-A active mutants. In contrast, both the dominant-negative mutant and the phosphoinositide lipids interaction-defective mutant antagonize cell proliferation. Moreover, PIKE-A and its active and inactive mutants similarly enhance or antagonize U87MG cell survival and invasion, and their ability to do so is coupled with the catalytic effect they have on Akt activation. Furthermore, PIKE-A WT and its active mutants significantly elicit NIH3T3 cell transformation. Thus, our findings support the concept that PIKE-A acts as a proto-oncogene, promoting cell transformation through Akt activation.
Properties of CuSbS2 thin films electrodeposited from ionic liquids as p-type absorber for photovoltaic solar cells

Abstract Electrodeposition of CuSbS2 semiconductor thin films for photovoltaic solar cells is investigated from ionic liquid electrolyte based on choline chloride–urea eutectic. Cyclic voltammetry study shows Cu and Sb deposition potential of − 0.54 V and − 0.48 V vs Pt, respectively. Highly crystalline CuSbS2 films in the chalcostibite orthorhombic structure without binary compound phases are electrodeposited at a potential of − 0.65 V vs Pt with Cu to Sb precursor ratio of 1:1 and Na2S2O3 as sulfur source in ionic liquid medium held at 80 °C. Increase in Cu-precursor ratio (1:0.71) led to Cu3SbS3 ternary and that of Sb-precursor ratio (1:1.4) led to binary Sb2S3 phase inclusion in the phase field of the CuSbS2 films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies show diffusive ionic transport limited growth mechanism. Single phase CuSbS2 films show direct band gap energy of 1.66 ± 0.01 eV and films with inclusive secondary phases have band gap energy of 1.73 ± 0.01 eV. As-deposited CuSbS2 films are p-type and a hetero-junction in the nZnO–pCuSbS2 structure showed rectifying current–voltage behavior and low reverse current consistent with compact pinhole free CuSbS2 film synthesized by ionic liquid electrodeposition.
Advances in Modern Blind Signal Separation Algorithms:Theory and Applications

With human-computer interactions and hands-free communications becoming overwhelmingly important in the new millennium, recent research efforts have been increasingly focusing on state-of-the-art multi-microphone signal processing solutions to improve speech intelligibility in adverse environments. One such prominent statistical signal processing technique is blind signal separation (BSS). BSS was first introduced in the early 1990s and quickly emerged as an area of intense research activity showing huge potential in numerous applications. BSS comprises the task of 'blindly' recovering a set of unknown signals, the so-called sources from their observed mixtures, based on very little to almost no prior knowledge about the source characteristics or the mixing structure. The goal of BSS is to process multi-sensory observations of an inaccessible set of signals in a manner that reveals their individual (and original) form, by exploiting the spatial and temporal diversity, readily accessible through a multi-microphone configuration. Proceeding blindly exhibits a number of advantages, since assumptions about the room configuration and the source-to-sensor geometry can be relaxed without affecting overall efficiency. This booklet investigates one of the most commercially attractive applications of BSS, which is the simultaneous recovery of signals inside a reverberant (naturally echoing) environment, using two (or more) microphones. In this paradigm, each microphone captures not only the direct contributions from each source, but also several reflected copies of the original signals at different propagation delays. These recordings are referred to as the convolutive mixtures of the original sources. The goal of this booklet in the lecture series is to provide insight on recent advances in algorithms, which are ideally suited for blind signal separation of convolutive speech mixtures. More importantly, specific emphasis is given in practical applications of the developed BSS algorithms associated with real-life scenarios. The developed algorithms are put in the context of modern DSP devices, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, where design requirements dictate low power consumption and call for portability and compact size. Along these lines, this booklet focuses on modern BSS algorithms which address (1) the limited amount of processing power and (2) the small number of microphones available to the end-user. Table of Contents: Fundamentals of blind signal separation / Modern blind signal separation algorithms / Application of blind signal processing strategies to noise reduction for the hearing-impaired / Conclusions and future challenges / Bibliography
Employee participation in pollution reduction: Preliminary analysis of the Toxics Release Inventory

Abstract Can the amount of toxic waste released into the environment by manufacturing facilities be reduced by formally involving employees in pollution prevention? Pursuant to the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began requiring that manufacturers report human resource management strategies related to “source reduction” (reduction of waste at the source), as part of the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). These strategies often involve employee participation in some form. Here we report the preliminary findings of an ongoing study of the effect of employee participation on source reduction, based on the 1991–1992 TRI database. We find that manufacturers using a certain combination of three formal employee participation practices had triple the reduction in emissions of manufacturers using none of these practices. Manufacturers that combined these practices with external pollution prevention assistance showed comparable or better results. Finally we discuss competing predictors of source reduction, and future research directions.
Unexceptional sharpness of frequency tuning in the human cochlea

The responses to sound of auditory-nerve fibers are well known in many animals but are topics of conjecture for humans. Some investigators have claimed that the auditory-nerve fibers of humans are more sharply tuned than are those of various experimental animals. Here we invalidate such claims. First, we show that forward-masking psychophysical tuning curves, which were used as the principal support for those claims, greatly overestimate the sharpness of cochlear tuning in experimental animals and, hence, also probably in humans. Second, we calibrate compound action potential tuning curves against the tuning of auditory-nerve fibers in experimental animals and use compound action potential tuning curves recorded in humans to show that the sharpness of tuning in human cochleae is not exceptional and that it is actually similar to tuning in all mammals and birds for which comparisons are possible. Third, we note that the similarity of frequency of tuning across species with widely diverse cochlear lengths and auditory bandwidths implies that for any given stimulus frequency the "cochlear amplifier" is confined to a highly localized region of the cochlea.
Peptide loading onto recycling HLA-DR molecules occurs in early endosomes

Presentation of exogenous antigens to MHC class II-restricted T cells can follow two different processing pathways. The classical pathway requires newly synthesized MHC class II molecules, invariant chain and HLA-DM expression, whereas the alternative pathway is independent of protein synthesis, invariant chain and HLA-DM. In both cases, MHC class II molecules associate with peptides derived from exogenous antigens that have been processed in endocytic compartments. Different endosomal/prelysosomal compartments where peptide/MHC class II complexes and HLA-DM molecules accumulate have been described. We show here that the alternative pathway uses an earlier compartment than the classical pathway. Experiments with chemically cross-liniked antigen suggest that recycling MHC class II molecules present rapidly degraded antigens, leading to a rapid immune response to exogenously added influenza virus proteins.
Economic factors and suicide.

Abstract Using a sample of 18 industrialized nations, the present study found that the suicide rate of those nations was related to both the birth rate and the proportion of females in the labor force. The homicide rate of the nations was related to the gross national product per capita, the birth rate, and the proportion of females in the labor force. These results were examined for their fit with predictions from Durkheim (1951), Gibbs and Martin (1964), and Morselli (1882).
Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFF2) is localized to pain-processing regions in the primate spinal cord and the lower level of the medulla oblongata

Studies have suggested that NPFF-like peptides and their receptors play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we show, using multiple expression modalities, that the type 2 NPFF receptor (hNPFF2) is expressed in regions of the primate spinal cord and brainstem mediating pain sensation. In situ hybridization using an NPFF2 riboprobe, and immunohistochemistry using a novel NPFF2 antibody, demonstrated strong NPFF2 expression in the superficial layer of the dorsal horn, and in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the brainstem of the African green monkey (AGM). In addition, autoradiography using a radiolabeled NPFF analog ([125I]1DMe) revealed dense binding signal in the superficial layer of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord. The distribution pattern of hNPFF2 in the AGM spinal cord and the lower level of the brainstem are consistent with a hypothesized potential role for NPFF peptides in modulation of sensory input, opioid analgesia and morphine tolerance through spinal and supraspinal mechanisms.
Monitoring the marine environment through sedimentation

The argument is advanced that the interception of particles settling within the water column provides a means of monitoring and understanding basic ocean processes. Geochemical and biological measurements on precisely dated bottom sediments and on preliminary recoveries from particle interceptor-traps provide supporting evidence.
Is Big Really Beautiful? Understanding Body Image Perceptions of African American Females:

The purpose of this study was to obtain body image information from African American (AA) college-age women (age 18-25) from a historically Black college and/or university (HBCU) and a predominatel...
Microstructural evolution of Ge/Si(1 0 0) nanoscale islands

Abstract This paper reports our detailed investigation of the microstructural evolution of Ge/Si(1 0 0) nanoscale islands grown by deposition of pure Ge onto Si(1 0 0) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. Substrate temperatures during growth were varied in the range 400⩽T⩽700°C, although we have mostly concentrated our attention here on studying samples grown at T=550°C, 650°C and 700°C. Atomic-force microscopy was first used ex situ to document the shape and size evolution of the Ge/Si(1 0 0) islands as a function of the growth conditions (Ge coverage, substrate temperature). A range of transmission electron microscopy techniques including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy was then used to further investigate the local microstructure and composition of the islands. Substantial Si diffusion into the Ge islands was measured, and trenches extending well into the Si substrate were also observed at the bases of larger clusters grown with T⩾550°C. Plan-view imaging of selected samples using both bright-field and dark-field imaging modes identified the critical size for dislocation formation. Cross-sectional high-resolution imaging enabled the strain-relieving dislocations to be identified, and also confirmed the multi-facetted and often asymmetrical shapes of larger islands.
Trait Importance and Modifiability as Factors Influencing Self-Assessment and Self-Enhancement Motives

People's search for information about the self is governed by motives of self-enhancement (seeking feedback to the extent that it will be favorable) and self-assessment (seeking accurate feed-back regardless of its favorability). Which motive predominates as an ability under consideration becomes more important? An experiment suggested that both motives are evoked, depending on whether people believe the ability reflects a stable or malleable aspect of personality. When an ability was described as stable, subjects displayed a self-enhancing pattern, showing greater enthusiasm for feedback after success than after failure on an initial test for the trait, but only when the ability was deemed important. In contrast, when the ability was described as malleable, subjects followed a self-assessment pattern, being more solicitous of feedback when the trait was described as important as opposed to inconsequential, regardless of initial success or failure.
Complete Medial Dislocation of the Tarsal Navicular without Fracture: Report of a Rare Injury

Complete dislocation of the tarsal navicular, without fracture of the navicular, is an uncommon injury. A review of the published data revealed only 15 previous reported cases. The rarity of this injury can be attributed to the rigid bony and ligamentous support surrounding the navicular, which usually undergoes fracture and dislocation rather than pure dislocation of the navicular. The mechanism and appropriate treatment of this injury remains unclear. In the present report, we describe the case of a 29-year-old male who sustained complete dislocation of the tarsal navicular, without fracture of the navicular, along with fractures of the cuboid and calcaneus, when he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. The proposed mechanism of injury in this case was that of a pronation-abduction force applied to the midfoot, resulting in a transient midtarsal dislocation and disruption of the ligamentous support of the navicular, with medial dislocation of the navicular when the midtarsal dislocation was reduced. The anterolateral calcaneus and cuboid fractures were likely from an avulsion injury through the bifurcate ligament. The patient was treated successfully with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation of the navicular combined with application of a spanning external fixator. The pins and external fixator were removed at 7 weeks postoperatively, and the navicular was stable at that time. The patient was lost to follow-up shortly thereafter.
Reflex effects of isocapnic changes in ventilation on tracheal tone in awake dogs

We studied the effects of passive, isocapnic changes in ventilation on tracheal smooth muscle tone in 3 awake and 6 anesthetized dogs. Ventilation was altered using mechanical ventilation under hyperoxic conditions, and tracheal tone was measured using the pressure within a water-filled balloon in an isolated segment of trachea. Hypocapnia was prevented at increased VA by increasing FICO2. When f and VT were changed reciprocally, keeping VA constant, tracheal tone did not change. However, when either f or VT was changed independently, tracheal tone decreased with an increase in VA. This effect was abolished following thoracic vagotomy. We conclude that tracheal tone is reflexly decreased during an increase in VA.
Tissue Dosimetry for Reactive Metabolites

In recent pharmacokinetically based risk assessments for methylene chloride, Andersen et al.(1) argued that total reactive metabolite (TRM) divided by liver weight was the proper measure of dose to target tissue, while the EPA argued that TRM divided by body weight to the two-thirds power was more appropriate.(2) We demonstrate that the proper tissue metric for a reactive metabolite is dependent upon the mode of deactivation: metabolic or spontaneous. It is argued that the most appropriate measure of tissue dosimetry is: (1) TRM divided by the three-fourths power of body weight if the reactive metabolite is metabolically deactivated; or (2) TRM divided by body weight if the reactive metabolite is spontaneously deactivated.
The Notion of Transcendence and the Problem of Discourse about God

N this paper, I will attempt to analyze the notion of transcendence or the state of being transcendent and its relation to the problem of discourse about God. The heuristic tools that I will employ are those found in what Richard M. Martin calls "philosophic logic," namely, the tools of first-order logic and first-order semiotics, supplemented by the calculus of individuals and event logic.' In the first part of the paper, I will analyze the standard usage of the term or predicate "transcendent" in the ordinary or natural language of English. Then, with the instruments of "philosophic logic," I will attempt to explicate the notion of something being transcendent in order to remove some of the vagueness and ambiguity of ordinary usage. In the second part of the paper, I will apply my analysis to the problem of discourse about God. There, I will attempt to interpret the statement "God is transcendent" in relation to the traditional claim that God is the Creator and to certain theories of Charles Hartshorne. In my analysis I hope to show how the transcendence of God can best be articulated in terms of identifying and describing an unsurpassable concrete or enduring individual in the context of a metaphysical theory. This will involve a discussion of things, events, and abstract individuals, and metaphysical categories or universal predicates. The conclusion that I hope to draw is that the notion of the transcendence of God is indeed an intelligible one and is not veiled in a shroud of mystery.
Molar volumes of CH3OH, CH3OD, and CD3OD, and apparent or excess molar volumes for (methanol-OH + water), (methanol-OD + deuterium oxide), and (methanol-OH + methanol-OD), at 288.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K

Abstract The molar volumes of CH 3 OH and its deutero isomers CH 3 OD and CD 3 OD have been determined at 288.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K by vibrating densitometry. Apparent molar volumes of { x H 2 O + (1− x )CH 3 OH} and { x D 2 O + (1− x )CH 3 OD} for 0 x x CH 3 OH + (1− x )CH 3 OD} for x = 0.24, 0.50, and 0.74 have been measured by the same technique at the same temperatures. The isotope effects are small. At 298.15 K, for example, ln { V m ∗ (CH 3 OH) V m ∗ (CH 3 OD) } = −0.0016 , ln { V m ∗ (CH 3 OH) V m ∗ (CD 3 OD) } = 0.0025 , { V φ ∞ (H 2 O in CH 3 OH) − V φ ∞ (D 2 O in CH 3 OD)} = (0.0±0.3) × 10 −6 m 3 ·mol −1 , and V m E V m −5 for { x CH 3 OH + (1− x )CH 3 OD}. The results are discussed in the context of the theory of isotope effects in condensed phases.
Experimental Study of Solid-Rotor and Composite-Rotor Induction Motors

Experimental results obtained from the tests made on a three-phase induction motor with different solidiron as well as composite rotors are presented in this paper. These are compared with the theoretical predicted characteristics based on existing analytical as well as numerical analyses. The limitations in applying different theories for prediction of performance are discussed.
Interest Originating from Invested Rent: Social or Prwate Property?

Herny George contends that rent, even whten derived from land purchased with the fruits of honest toil, cannot justly be privately appropriated, because land (not being a labor product) can have no clear moral title, and because its value is nto produced by the owner but by society Although he does nto explicity address the ethical propriety of interest earned by capital originating from invested rent, his writings yield the following implieit analysis Even as rent should be returned to the community, abstractjustice also demands that interest on capital that stems from rent should be returned to the community But there is no feasible way in which to implement this demand, since it is scarcely ever possible to separate interest derived indiretly from private rent from interest not so derived however, this poses no real problem if We seek justice for the present and the future instead of reparations for injustice in the past For the socialization of rent would render accumulations of private capital, regardless of how obtained, impssible to sustam (absent special privileges confeired by government) unless directed toward the satisfaction of public de mand as reflected in the marketplace
Utility of histologic parameters in screening for antibody-mediated rejection of the cardiac allograft: a study of 3,170 biopsies.

Background Diagnostic criteria for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of the cardiac allograft have recently been proposed as part of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) biopsy grading scheme. Histologic features of vascular adherence of macrophages (VASC) and endothelial activation or swelling in capillaries (ENDO) are proposed as criteria to prompt the immunohistochemical investigation of biopsies for AMR. The aim of this study was to determine whether VASC and ENDO are adequate to act as screening parameters to trigger further AMR investigation. Methods We examined our database of biopsy findings where histologic vascular parameters as well as immunofluorescence (IF) to detect AMR were collected ( n = 3,170). Histologic parameters were graded semi-quantitatively on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1=absence and 5=obvious and generalized presence of the finding. Results Seven hundred sixty-eight of 3,170 biopsies had IF findings diagnostic of AMR in the absence of cellular rejection (ISHLT = 0). ENDO had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 80%. VASC had a sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 99%. Combining the interpretation of the 2 tests did not result in a significant improvement of test sensitivity. Conclusions Neither ENDO, VASC nor the combination of the tests indicated sufficiently high sensitivity to serve as a screening tool before further diagnostic investigation for AMR. Immunohistochemical testing remains necessary in the majority of cases to identify AMR.
DESIGN OF A STEADY-STATE, PARALLEL-PLATE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY APPARATUS FOR NANOFLUIDS AND COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS WITH TRANSIENT HWTC APPARATUS

A steady-state, parallel-plate thermal conductivity (PPTC) apparatus has been developed and used for comparative measurements of complex POLY-nanofluids, in order to compare results with the corresponding measurements using the transient, hotwire thermal conductivity (HWTC) apparatus. The related measurements in the literature, mostly with HWTC method, have been inconsistent and with measured thermal conductivities far beyond prediction using the well-known mixture theory. The objective was to check out if existing and well-established HWTC method might have some unknown issues while measuring TC of complex nano-mixture suspensions, like electro-magnetic phenomena, undetectable hot-wire vibrations, and others. These initial and limited measurements have shown considerable difference between the two methods, where the TC enhancements measured with PPTC apparatus were about three times smaller than with HWTC apparatus, the former data being much closer to the mixture theory prediction. However, the influence of measurement method is not conclusive since it has been observed that the complex nano-mixture suspensions were very unstable during the lengthy steady-state measurements as compared to rather quick transient HWTC method. The nanofluid suspension instability might be the main reason for very inconsistent results in the literature. It is necessary to expend investigation with more stable nano-mixture suspensions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Theoretical investigation of noise characteristics of double-barrier resonant-tunneling systems.

Theorie des caracteristiques du bruit d'un systeme a effet tunnel resonnant a double barriere. La densite de puissance du courant du bruit possede une forme Lorentzienne avec une frequence caracteristique donnee par l'elargissement du niveau de resonance. Les caracteristiques a basse frequence qui sont dependantes des parametres structuraux et de la tension de polarisation peuvent etre directement comparees aux mesures experimentales
Macrophage-Specific p53 Expression Plays a Crucial Role in Atherosclerosis Development and Plaque Remodeling

Objective— We first showed that absence of p53 accelerates atherosclerosis development in apoE-deficient mice. In this study, we investigated how macrophage-specific loss of p53 function might modu...
Influence of Fluid Cell Design on the Frequency Response of AFM Microcantilevers in Liquid Media

A study of the frequency response of AFM microcantilevers in liquid media contained in a commercial fluid cell is presented. Such systems exhibit complicated dynamics which are often not well described by available theories. Their dynamic behavior has a direct effect on the use of the AFM in dynamic mode while imaging in liquid or while extracting the rheological properties of the fluid. We explore the issues related to the design of the cantilever holder/fluid cell and propose an approach for evaluating, minimizing and recognizing the ultimate limitations of commercial cantilever holders. A technique for estimating the frequency response spectrum of the fluid cell itself from experimental data is presented. This spectrum can then be used to evaluate whether or not the fluid cell is suited for the desired purpose.
Cytochrome P450-dependent toxicity of dapsone in human erythrocytes

The most prominent adverse effects seen during treatment with dapsone, an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent, are hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. An in vitro microsomal/cytochrome P450 (CYP)-linked assay, which allows reactive metabolites generated in situ to react with the co-incubated human erythrocytes, was employed to profile CYP isoforms responsible for hemotoxicity of dapsone. Dapsone caused a robust generation of methemoglobin in human erythrocytes in the presence of human/mouse liver microsomes, which indicates contribution of CYP-mediated metabolism for hemotoxicity. The highest methemoglobin formation with dapsone was observed with CYP2C19, with minor contributions from CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Cimetidine and chloramphenicol completely abrogated methemoglobin generation by dapsone, thus confirming a predominant contribution of CYP2C19. The results provide useful insights into CYP-dependent hemotoxicity of dapsone in human erythrocytes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP)

Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction falls into the class of speech coders known as Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) (also called Vector Excited or Stochastically Excited) [1,4,5]. The VSELP speech coder was designed to achieve the highest possible speech quality with reasonable computational complexity while providing robustness to channel errors. These goals are essential for wide acceptance of low data rate (4.8-8 kbps) speech coding for telecommunications applications.
USE OF THE SPINDLE STAGE FOR ORIENTATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR MICROXAS: ISOTROPY AND ANISOTROPY IN FE-XANES SPECTRA

A new method has been developed to orient 50–100 μm size single crystals to obtain XANES or EXAFS spectra along any crystallographic orientation relative to a polarized synchrotron X-ray beam. The method uses a modified spindle stage and an X-ray goniometer head to hold a crystal and the glass fiber on which it is mounted. The orientation of the crystallographic axes within the crystal can be determined by X-ray diffraction in all cases or with the use of the polarizing light microscope if the minerals are biaxial. Once an optical orientation direction has been located, it can be oriented parallel to the polarization direction of the synchrotron source for spectral acquisition. Mineral samples representing the three optical classes (i.e., isotropic, uniaxial, and biaxial) were oriented along their a , b , and c crystallographic axes, and Fe-XANES spectra were obtained. In all cases the interactions of polarized X-rays with the crystal structures are analogous to the interactions of visible light (e.g., as represented by refractive index). For the isotropic almandine sample the XANES spectra were similar at all orientations. For the uniaxial buergerite and scapolite samples the spectra were similar along the a and b axes and different along c . A detailed set of spectra acquired at multiple (known) optical orientations in the scapolite crystal demonstrates that spectral features vary in intensity as a function of orientation, with maxima and minima when the X-rays are polarized along optical orientations. For the biaxial fayalite sample, the XANES spectra differed along all three crystallographic axes, as expected by analogy to optical properties.
Diurnal Patterns of Bovine Body Temperature

Summary Patterns of diurnal body temperature variation were studied in dairy cattle. Classification of 102 continuously recorded daily temperature curves revealed the following features: Sixty-seven per cent showed two distinct daily elevations in temperature, 23% showed only one, 7% were polyphasic, showing three or more sustained rises, and 3% were aphasic. The incidence of these characteristic patterns was similar in normal, ovariectomized, and pregnant cows, and in young heifer calves. In general, temperatures were elevated in the mid-morning and afternoon and were low during the evening and early morning hours. Of the several categories of cattle studied, calves had the highest temperatures, with pregnant cows, normal cows, and ovariectomized cows showing decreasingly lower temperatures in the order listed.
Reversible pathologic jealousy (Othello syndrome) associated with amantadine.

We describe a case of pathologic jealousy (Othello syndrome) in a patient with Parkinson disease, which abated after discontinuing amantadine. We indicate that early recognition and treatment of the syndrome in this disease may avert physical violence. We also believe that our report further suggests a link between this specific behavioral disorder and dopaminergic activity. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991;4:157-159).
Head Ejection during Barrier Impacts

During oblique vehicular impacts with longitudinal barriers, an occupant’s head is often ejected out of a side window. When this occurs, the occupant’s head can contact the barrier or an object attached thereto. This impact event, often termed head slap, normally produces a serious injury or fatality. Roadside barriers and any attached hardware should be designed with sufficient offset at the top to preclude head slap for most impact conditions. The goal of this study was to identify the extent of head ejection that can be expected during high-speed crashes with longitudinal barriers. High-speed videos of full-scale vehicle crash tests were analyzed to determine the occupant head trajectories. Videos of 11 full-scale crash tests with both small cars and pickup trucks were analyzed to produce a head ejection envelope to encompass all head trajectories observed in the tests. Adjustments were made to the envelope to account for varying vehicle heights, seated passenger heights, and vehicle movements during impact. Two head ejection envelopes were created; one to encompass ejections from occupants at or below the 50th percentile male seated height and the other to encompass ejections from occupants at or below the 95th percentile male seated height. The final head ejection envelopes were constructed as a template for designing future barrier systems and for determining the safe placement of fixed objects on top of or behind rigid parapets.
comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness versus leisure time physical activity as predictors of coronary events in men aged ≤65 years and >65 years

Both high peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and high levels of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We examined the contributions of LTPA and peak VO 2 to the risk of coronary events (CEs) in healthy younger ( 65 years, n 167) men from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. LTPA derived from self reports of time spent in 97 activities were converted into METsminutes/24 hours and grouped into high (>6 METs), moderate- (4 to 5.9 METs), and low-intensity LTPA (<4 METs). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by measuring peak VO 2 during a maximal treadmill exercise test. Over a mean follow-up of 13.4 6.3 years, CEs occurred in 63 men. After accounting for coronary risk factors, proportional-hazards analyses showed a relative CE risk of 0.53 (p <0.0001) for a SD increase in peak VO 2 in younger men and 0.61 (p 0.024) in older men, whereas total LTPA was unrelated to coronary risk in either age group. When the 3 LTPA intensity levels were substituted for total LTPA in the model, peak VO2 remained the only predictor of events in younger men, whereas high-intensity LTPA (RR 0.39 for tertile 3 vs tertiles 1 and 2, p 0.016) and peak VO2 (RR 0.61/SD increase, p 0.024) were of similar importance in older men. Thus, in healthy younger men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness but not LTPA predicts a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, independent of conventional risk factors. For older men, high-intensity LTPA and fitness appear to be of similar importance in reducing coronary risk. 2002 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. (Am J Cardiol 2002;89:1187‐1192)
Multiple Conformations of E. coli Hsp90 in Solution: Insights into the Conformational Dynamics of Hsp90

Hsp90, an essential eukaryotic chaperone, depends upon its intrinsic ATPase activity for function. Crystal structures of the bacterial Hsp90 homolog, HtpG, and the yeast Hsp90 reveal large domain rearrangements between the nucleotide-free and the nucleotide-bound forms. We used small-angle X-ray scattering and recently developed molecular modeling methods to characterize the solution structure of HtpG and demonstrate how it differs from known Hsp90 conformations. In addition to this HtpG conformation, we demonstrate that under physiologically relevant conditions, multiple conformations coexist in equilibrium. In solution, nucleotide-free HtpG adopts a more extended conformation than observed in the crystal, and upon the addition of AMPPNP, HtpG is in equilibrium between this open state and a closed state that is in good agreement with the yeast AMPPNP crystal structure. These studies provide a unique view of Hsp90 conformational dynamics and provide a model for the role of nucleotide in effecting conformational change.
From outrage to orthodoxy? Sociobiology and political science at 35

Few intellectual battles compare in depth of passion or theatrics to the outrage that greeted the publication of Edward O. Wilson's 1975 path-breaking volume, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Within days of publication, opponents organized symposia; wrote critical editorials; picketed in Harvard Square; and, at one meeting, assaulted Wilson with a bucket of cold water before he could deliver his address. Fueling this reaction was Wilson's temerity in asserting that the principles of the new synthetic theory applied no less to humans than to other species—and then to use the penultimate chapter to apply his theory to explaining human mating, aggression, and the development of moral and religious systems. Even some who were sympathetic with sociobiology were taken aback by some of the imperialistic sounding statements made by Wilson and his disciples, like Robert Trivers, who prophesized: “Sooner or later, political science, law, economics, psychology, psychiatry, and anthropology will all be branches of sociobiology.”
Understanding Special Educators’ Learning Opportunities in Collaborative Groups: The Role of Discourse

The purpose of this study was to investigate the discourse patterns characterizing individual special education teachers as they participated in a collaborative professional development (PD) group, and how these individual discourse patterns influenced other group members’ opportunities to learn about reading instruction for upper elementary students with disabilities. Videotaped cohort meetings and associated artifact data were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed using Gee’s (2005) methods of discourse analysis. Findings indicate that teachers’ individual discourse varied along the two dimensions: knowledge (integrated, implementation, and low) and inquiry (high and low). Teachers whose discourse conveyed both integrated knowledge and a proclivity for inquiry provided other group members with the most sophisticated learning opportunities related to PD content. Additional implications for future research and practice regarding collaborative learning groups as a method of PD are provided.
Selecting Leaders: Making the Most of Previous Experience:

We have been doing leadership research together for 17 years. Fred Fiedler has been thinking about leadership for a lot longer than that. Earl Potter was a Coast Guard officer for over 24 years and spent much of that time putting leadership theory into practice. One of the most persistent troubles confronting both our theory and our practice has been the repeated observation that bright leaders with a record of previous successes sometimes fail in a new assignment when all the evidence suggested that they were the right ones for the job. This article will briefly summarize the research which seeks to explain why this happens and then do what we don't often get the chance to do in writing--give some pointed advice on how to avoid wasting the potential that it takes so much time to develop.
Compact, rapid cell deformability measurements using diode laser bar optical trapping in microfluidics

We present a simple, compact, microfluidic system that easily facilitates diode laser bar optical trapping for cell stretching measurements and particle sorting within flowing microfluidic systems for the first time.
The Biochemistry of Sirtuins

AbstractSirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases widely distributed in all phyla of life. Accumulating evidence indicates that sirtuins are important regulators of organism life span. In yeast, these unique enzymes regulate gene silencing by histone deacetylation and via formation of the novel compound 2′-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. In multicellular organisms, sirtuins deacetylate histones and transcription factors that regulate stress, metabolism, and survival pathways. The chemical mechanism of sirtuins provides novel opportunities for signaling and metabolic regulation of protein deacetylation. The biological, chemical, and structural characteristics of these unusual enzymes are discussed in this review.
Legal Fictions and the Limits of Legal Language

Since Lon Fuller published his 1930 trilogy of essays on the topic, students of the legal fiction have focused on identifying additional examples of fictions or challenging Fuller’s classic taxonomy. But Fuller did more in these essays than propose a definition and a classification system; he also argued that legal fictions are examples of a more general phenomenon found in many systems of specialized language usage. Drawing on work done in the intervening decades on related issues outside the law, this chapter develops this insight in new directions, seeking to understand in more detail one of Fuller’s principal concerns: the points at which legal language stops communicating, points that may shift over time but will never completely disappear. The analysis indicates that the currently prevailing understanding of legal fictions as, in essence, consciously counterfactual propositions is historically contingent and incomplete; that legal writers have generally used the “legal fiction” label to signal those writers’ sense of the futility of further justification to a non-legal audience (even when they are using the term in a justification likely to be read only by a legal audience); and, contrary to the assumptions of many post-Fuller theorists, that the boundaries of the legal vocabularies recognized as self-justifying may have become less distinct over the past century.
Purchasing Power Disparity Faced by African Americans: Emphasis on Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area of Southwest Georgia

The study highlights the critical purchasing power disparity (gap) and its applicable solutions in the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (Albany MSA). This disparity explains a high level of poverty among African Americans in the MSA. With an improved education, the article encourages minority businesses partnerships and entrepreneurship, and microfinancing to enhance minority capital formation. These have been proven to have a spread effect in reducing poverty and purchasing power disparity.
Synthetic, structural, and spectroscopic studies of mixed sandwich Ru(II) complexes involving η6-p-cymene with monodentate fluorine-containing phosphines or phosphites

AbstractSyntheses, structures, spectroscopy, and calculated structures for several Ru(II) complexes involving p-cymene and either fluorine-containing phosphines or phosphites are reported. The complexes are readily prepared by ligand substitution reactions from [{Ru(p-cymene)Cl2}2] to produce [Ru(p-cymene)(L)Cl2] {L = P(C6H4-p-F)3 (1), P(C6H4-p-CF3)3 (2), P(C6H3(m-CF3)2)3 (3), PPh3 (4), P(OCH2CF3)3 (5), P(OCH(CF3)2)3 (6), and POMe3 (7)}. The structures for all seven complexes are supported by UV–vis and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. Five complexes are characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography (1, 3, 5–7) and exhibit a distorted octahedral structure involving three donors from one phosphine or phosphite ligand, two chlorides, and the facially coordinating η6-p-cymene ligand. Electronic structure theory computations have been performed on 1–7 along with the theoretical [Ru(p-cymene){P(C6F5)3}Cl2] (8). For all complexes, the HOMO is primarily Ru (dxy or ) in character. The LUMO shifts from prim...
Internal Legitimacy and Europe's Piecemeal Constitution: Reflections on Van Gend at 50

Europe is often said to lack a proper constitution of the radical American kind. That may be so, but there is a different, more promising sense in which Europe might be following the very best of the constitutional tradition. (Remarks delivered at the Court of Justice of the European Union on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of Van Gend en Loos (1963).)
Wave front shape caused by a point source in unbounded media

The major problem treated in this monograph is that of constructing the free space Green’s function for a transversely isotropic solid. In this chapter the theory of characteristics of hyperbolic partial differential equations will be used to analyze the wave front shape. In Chapter 3 the more difficult problem of constructing the solution behind the wave front will be studied. Major references for this chapter are volume II of Courant and Hilbert [18], Kline and Kay [19] and Musgrave [20] who did much of the early work on wave fronts in anisotropic elastic media.
The Use of Solid Media for Detection of Enzyme Production by Fungi

Solid media are described on which the production of the extracellular enzymes amylase, lipase, DNA- and RNAase, pectinase, protease, urease, and chitinase were detected. The media were tested with...
Evaluation of a Pharmacy-Managed Pharmacokinetic Dosing Program

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmacy-managed pharmacokinetic dosing program on appropriate dosing of famotidine, enoxaparin, and ketorolac. METHODS A large community teaching hospital implemented a pharmacy-managed pharmacokinetic dosing program for famotidine, enoxaparin, and ketorolac. Subjects were included if they received famotidine and had a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 65 years or weight <50 kg. RESULTS One hundred and forty-six patients were included in the preimplementation group (famotidine [n = 50], enoxaparin [n = 46], and ketorolac [n = 50]) and 143 patients were included in the postimplementation group (famotidine [n = 50], enoxaparin [n = 43], and ketorolac [n = 50]). In all, 66% of patients were dosed appropriately in the preimplementation group (famotidine 28%, enoxaparin 85%, and ketorolac 86%) compared to 94% in the postimplementation group (famotidine 92%, enoxaparin 95%, and ketorolac 94%), P < .001. CONCLUSION Implementation of a pharmacy-managed pharmacokinetic dosing program significantly improved appropriate dosing of famotidine, enoxaparin, and ketorolac. These findings could justify expansion of pharmacist autonomy through institution-approved, pharmacy-managed programs for other medications to improve appropriate dosing. Analyses specifically evaluating patient-oriented or financial outcomes may provide additional support for expansion.
Can Sociology Find True Happiness with Subjective Status Inconsistency

For years the concept of status inconsistency (SI) has held the imagination of numerous American sociologists. As an explicitly nonvertical aspect of social stratification, it appeared to add a new and potentially valuable dimension to sociological analysis. However, the existing research literature has come under increasingly heavy fire for its methodological and theoretical shortcomings. Most damaging have been charges of inappropriate statistical design wherein "vertical" stratification variables have not been properly controlled. It has also been alleged that the causal or cognitive links between states of SI and various social
Intersystem Crossing in Halogenated Bodipy Chromophores Used for Solar Hydrogen Production

A series of halogenated boron-dipyrromethene (Bodipy) chromophores with potential applications in solar energy conversion were synthesized and characterized by steady state and ultrafast laser spectroscopy. The ultrafast dynamics of the chromophores were compared between a series containing H, Br, or I at the 2,6 positions of the Bodipy dye. The parent Bodipy has a fluorescent lifetime (τfl) of 3−5 ns, a fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) of 0.56, and negligible triplet state yield. Bromination enhances the intersystem crossing (ISC) such that τfl and Φfl decrease to ∼1.2 ns and 0.11, respectively, while iodination further accelerates ISC so that τfl is only ∼130 ps and Φfl is 0.011. Transient absorption experiments lead to the observation of excited state absorption bands from the singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states at ∼345 and 447 nm, respectively, and characterization of ISC via the dynamics of these bands and the decay of S1 stimulated emission.
The ACE Is Not Always High

This case discusses a pharmacodynamic interaction between ketorolac and lisinopril that resulted in acute renal failure.
The patient with critical neurological disease

The known metabolic abnormalities and nutritional requirements of the brain injury, spinal cord injury, and acute stroke patient have been presented. Further investigations are required in all these conditions to identify specific nutritional requirements and metabolic abnormalities. The specific role of nutritional support on outcome, immune function, and body structure requires further study.
Gene Therapy of CNS Disorders Using Recombinant AAV Vectors

Corrective intervention for CNS disorders typically requires replenishment of depleted biomolecules (e.g., catabolic enzymes), protection of neurons and glia from premature death, or utilization of CNS cells as bio-factories for production of neurotransmitters or their biological precursors/cofactors. Gene therapy offers the ability to treat disorders in various organs by delivering therapeutic transgenes for regaining lost functionality. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have emerged as the vector of choice for CNS gene therapy. This chapter summarizes key observations made during preclinical and clinical evaluations of AAV vectors toward gene therapy of two broad categories of CNS disorders, namely metabolic storage disorders and movement disorders.