cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Research and Application on Partial Discharge Intensive Care System in GIS Based on Detection Technology Combined Ultrasonic and Electrical

The internal insulation defects in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) can be reflected by partial discharge. To timely understand the insulation state of GIS equipment, on-line monitoring of partial discharge is necessary. The partial discharge Intensive care system in GIS based on detection technology combined ultrasonic and electrical is developed by using the technology of medicine field for reference. Because the system covers the entire frequency band of partial discharge signal and various GIS partial discharge detection methods including acoustic emission (AE) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection technology, the multi-channel and multimethod collaborative monitoring is realized. When the system was used for a partial discharge case of a 220 kV substation, the development trend of discharge defects deterioration of equipment was grasped timely. The fault hidden dangers were found and eliminated through X-ray inspection. The test results and practical application show that the partial discharge intensive care system in GIS can provide effective support for condition-based maintenance, and thus have very good application prospect.
Abstract 17388: Loss of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 (BMP9) Limits Survival and Paradoxically Increases Collagen Abundance, but Limits Collagen Cross-Linking in a Murine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure (HF). HF is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling that is primarily driven by Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb1) mediated fibr...
Relating additively manufactured part tensile properties to thermal metrics

Abstract This study examines the relationship between thermal histories obtained via IR imagery and final local mechanical properties in Inconel 718 walls built via directed energy deposition. Four processing conditions were designed to provide distinct thermal histories in twelve built walls. Mechanical properties were obtained from miniature tensile samples cut from various locations within each wall. The work identified two critical temperature ranges associated with microstructure evolution and demonstrated the capability to predict properties based on time spent in the two ranges, paving the way for future process control.
From classroom to Zoom room: Exploring instructor modifications of visual nonverbal behaviors in synchronous online classrooms

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, for a full academic year, Zoom rooms became classrooms for synchronous online learning at schools and universities across the world. This shift in learning space requi...
Lamellar coarsening in Fe28Ni18Mn33Al21 and its influence on room temperature tensile behavior

Abstract As-cast nanostructured eutectoid Fe28Ni18Mn33Al21, which consists of ∼50 nm wide (Ni, Al)-rich B2 and (Fe, Mn)-rich fcc aligned phases, was annealed at 1173 K for various times up to 250 h in order to produce a wide range of phase widths (up to 2.5 μm) over which to evaluate the mechanical properties. The coarsening kinetics over these two orders of magnitude change could be described by r2 − r o 2 = kt, where r is the phase width after time t at 1173 K, ro is initial phase width, and k is a constant. The yield strength, σy, was found to follow a Hall–Petch-type relationship, i.e. σy = σo + kyλ−1/2, where λ is the fcc phase width, σo is the strength of the single-phase material, and ky is a constant. Interestingly, the work-hardening rate also roughly followed a λ−1/2 relationship, while the elongation to failure increased as λ increased from failure before yielding in the as-cast material to ∼7% for the material with the largest λ values.
Does multitasking with mobile phones affect learning? A review

Mobile phone multitasking is widely considered to be a major source of distraction in academic performance. This paper attempts to review the emerging literature by focusing on three questions concerning the influence of mobile phone multitasking on academic performance: (a) How does mobile phone multitasking impair learning? (b) Why does mobile phone use impair learning? (c) How to prevent from mobile phone distraction? We use multiple strategies to locate the existing research literature and identified 132 studies published during 1999-2014. The mobile phone multitasking and distractibility are reviewed in three major aspects: distraction sources (ring of mobile phone, texting, and social application), distraction targets (reading and attending), and distraction subjects (personality, gender, and culture). We also compare the results of these studies with the findings on mobile phone multitasking and driving, the earliest area of mobile phone multitasking research. Both limitations of existing research and future research directions are discussed. Mobile phone multitasking is prevalent among learners.Multitasking with mobile phone distracts learning via different ways and mechanisms.The effect of multitasking varies on different mobile phone uses, learning tasks, and learners.
The Isophotal Structure of Elliptical Galaxies

We have obtained photographic surface photometry for a large sample of elliptical galaxies. The plates were obtained using the KPNO 0.9 m telescopes with Carnegie image intensifies and IIIaJ plates. The f/13.5 secondaries were used to obtain a large plate scale: 0.33 arcsec per 20 micron pixel. In addition to the galaxy images, flat fields on cloudy skies and geometrical distortion calibration images of astrometric clusters were obtained. All plates were calibrated with the standard KPNO spot sensitometers. The sample of galaxies contains 75 ellipticals of total m B greater than 13 and north of -30° declination. The plates were digitized on the KPNO PDS microdensitometer by Dr. E. Malumuth. At the present time about 50% of the sample is reduced.
Transparent Support for Wait-Free Transactions

This paper concerns software support for non-blocking transactions in shared-memory multiprocessors. We present mechanisms that convert sequential transactions into lock-free or wait-free ones. In contrast to some previous mechanisms, ours support transactions for which the set of memory locations accessed cannot be determined in advance. Our implementations automatically detect and resolve conflicts between concurrent transactions, and allow transactions that do not conflict to execute in parallel. The key to the efficiency of our wait-free implementation lies in using a lock-free (but not wait-free) multi-word compare-and-swap (MWCAS) operation. By introducing communication between a high-level helping mechanism and the lock-free MWCAS, we show that an expensive wait-free MWCAS is not necessary to ensure wait-freedom.
Neonatologists’ perspectives of palliative and end-of-life care in neonatal intensive care units

Neonatologists’ perspectives of palliative and end-of-life care in neonatal intensive care units
Realizing Distributed Engine Control Subsystems through Application of High Temperature Intelligent Engine Sensors and Control Electronics

This paper illustrates a new and cost effective approach to the design and manufacture of intelligent sensors and control electronics that reliably operate up to 300 Degrees Centigrade. A description of this Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology for creating both the sensors and integrated circuits is provided. Measured results that demonstrate the inherent reliability of this technology at high temperatures are presented. Representative distributed control architectures and applications such as engine control units; valve position sensors and exhaust gas re-circulation sensor electronics are illustrated.
La mise en scène de la parole et ses implications pour la mémoire familiale dans la Généalogie de Messieurs du Laurens (1631)

La question de la memoire familiale dans la Genealogie de Messieurs du Laurens (1631) est abordee par le biais d’une analyse du « recit de paroles », qui parait etre l’element le plus frappant de ce livre de raison. En examinant la place accordee au recit de paroles et aux fonctions qu’il y remplit, cet article s’attache a montrer la maniere dont Jeanne du Laurens organise la memoire familiale et la transmet a ses descendants. Cette etude apporte un eclairage particulier sur le role et les usages de la memoire familiale dans la construction des identites confessionnelles.
Effects of Grain Size on Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Ferrites at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Constitutive material properties of microsize and nanosize hexagonal ferrites have been studied. A quasi-optical guided-wave spectrometer together with three backward-wave oscillators as the sources of radiation were used to characterize the samples in the broad frequency range from 30 to 120 GHz. The constitutive material properties have been found to be dependent on the internal morphology of the particles in the samples. X-ray diffraction studies have been carried out to study the structure of the particles. A model to estimate the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the samples with different particle structures has been proposed. The ferromagnetic resonance for nanosize powders can only be observed if the particle size is about the size of a single domain. The resonance intensity is much weaker for the nanosize powder compared with the microsize powder. For the nanosize powders, the resonance frequency peaks shift to lower frequencies.
CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM FOR GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

Mickelson, M. N. (National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, Iowa). Chemically defined medium for growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Bacteriol. 88:158–164. 1964.—Three strains of group A hemolytic streptococci representing three serological types were serially subcultured for an extended period (100 or more transfers) in a peptide-free and protein-free culture medium. An amino acid assay medium, modified by addition of small amounts of glutamine, ammonium acetate, and 0.1 m phosphate (pH 7), was used. In this medium, high concentrations of glutamic acid or glutamine were required, and biotin was stimulatory to growth. Biotin could be partially replaced with NaHCO3. Maximal growth was obtained with NaHCO3 when biotin was present, and aspartic acid and asparagine were omitted from the medium. In 24 to 48 hr of incubation at 37 C, luxuriant growth was obtained with complete removal and quantitative fermentation of 1% glucose to lactic acid. Optical densities of cultures were equivalent to those obtained with the best infusion media.
Brain activation in response to visceral stimulation in rats with amygdala implants of corticosterone: an FMRI study.

Background: Although visceral pain of gastrointestinal (GI) origin is the major complaint in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) it remains poorly understood. Brain imaging studies suggest a defect in brain-gut communication in IBS with a greater activation of central arousal circuits including the amygdala. Previously, we found that stereotaxic implantation of corticosterone (CORT) onto the amygdala in rats induced anxiety and colonic hypersensitivity. In the present study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify specific brain sites activated in a rat model characterized by anxiety and colonic hypersensitivity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Anesthetized male rats received micropellets (30 µg each) of either CORT or cholesterol (CHOL), to serve as a control, implanted stereotaxically on the dorsal margin of each amygdala. Seven days later, rats were anesthetized and placed in the fMRI magnet (7T). A series of isobaric colorectal balloon distensions (CRD - 90s ‘off’, 30s ‘on’, 8 replicates) at two pressures (40 and 60 mmHg) were performed in a standard block-design. Cross correlation statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences between distended and non-distended states in CORT and CHOL-treated animals. Analysis of the imaging data demonstrated greater overall brain activation in response to CRD in rats with CORT implants compared to CHOL controls. Additionally, CORT implants produced significant positive bilateral increases in MRI signal in response to CRD in specific nuclei known as integration sites important in anxiety and pain perception. Conclusions and Significance: These data indicate that chronic exposure of the amygdala to elevated levels of CORT enhances overall brain activation in response to CRD, and identified other specific brain regions activated in response to mechanical distension of the colon. These results demonstrate the feasibility of performing fMRI imaging in a rodent model that supports clinical observations in IBS patients with enhanced amygdala activation and symptomatology of abdominal pain and anxiety.
The point-arboricity of a graph

The point-arboricity ρ(G) of a graphG is defined as the minimum number of subsets in a partition of the point set ofG so that each subset induces an acyclic subgraph. Dually, the tuleity τ(G) is the maximum number of disjoint, point-induced, non-acyclic subgraphs contained inG. Several results concerning these numbers are presented, among which are formulas for the point arboricity and tulgeity of the class of completen-partite graphs.
Angular behavior of the Berreman effect investigated in uniform Al2O3 layers formed by atomic layer deposition

Experimental transmission absorbance infrared spectra of γ-Al(2)O(3) showing evidence of the angular dependence of the peaks of surface modes appearing next to the longitudinal optical phonon frequency ω(LO) (the Berreman effect) are collected from heat-treated thin oxide films deposited with thickness uniformity on Si(100) using atomic layer deposition. The peak area of the most intense surface longitudinal optical mode is plotted versus the infrared beam incidence angle θ(0). The experimental points closely follow the sin(4)(θ(0)) function in a broad thickness range. The best match occurs at a critical thickness, where a linear relationship exists between the surface longitudinal optical mode intensity and film thickness. Simulations suggest that below the critical thickness the sin(4)(θ(0)) behavior can be explained by refraction phenomena at the air/thin film and thin film/substrate interfaces. Above the critical thickness, the experimentally obtained result is derived from field boundary conditions at the air/thin film interface. The sin(4)(θ(0)) functional trend breaks down far above the critical thickness. This picture indicates that infrared radiation has a limited penetration depth into the oxide film, similarly to electromagnetic waves in conductors. Consequently, surface longitudinal optical modes are viewed as bulk phonons excited down to the penetration depth of the infrared beam. Comparison with simulated data suggests that the infrared radiation absorptance of surface longitudinal optical modes tends to approach the sin(2)(θ(0)) trend. Reflection phenomena are considered to be the origin of the deviation from the sin(4)(θ(0)) trend related to refraction.
Further localization of ETS1 indicates that the chromosomal rearrangement in Ewing sarcoma does not occur at fra(11)(q23)

A genomic probe homologous to 5.4 kb of the c-ets-1 gene was hybridized in situ to chromosomes expressing fra(11)(q23). This probe hybridized distal to the fragile site, which is just distal to the midpoint of band 11q23.3. This result localizes ETS1 from the FRA11B locus to 11q24. The result also distinguishes the FRA11B locus from the site of translocation at 11q23-q24 in the Ewing sarcoma- and peripheral neuroepithelioma-specific t(11;22), indicating that the chromosomes of a previously reported patient heterozygous for fra(11)(q23) did not rearrange at this fragile site to give rise to Ewing sarcoma. This adds to the mounting evidence against individuals with fragile sites being predisposed to developing cancer.
Effect of verapamil on the gastric mucosal level of PGE2 during stress.

Prostaglandin E2 is one of the factors in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has been shown to reduce gastric mucosal ulcerations during stress. To investigate whether this protective effect of verapamil is mediated via PGE2, four groups of 20 Holtzman rats were given either 1 ml of normal saline (NS) intraperitoneally (ip): 1 mg/kg of indomethacin (I) ip; 2 mg/kg of verapamil (V) ip or I followed by V. Then 10 animals from each group were submitted to stress by the cold-restraint method. After sacrifice, gastric mucosal ulcerations were counted and specimens of nonulcerated mucosa were assayed for PGE2 by HPLC. Stress-induced mucosal ulcerations were associated with a significant decrease in the gastric mucosal levels of PGE2 (from 64.2 to 32.7 pg; P < 0.05). This effect was magnified by the administration of indomethacin (down to 21.0 pg). Verapamil significantly increased PGE2 levels both in the stressed (48.0 pg) and unstressed (99.9 pg) animals and significantly reduced ulcerogenesis when compared to either NS- or I-treated groups. This effect of verapamil was completely blocked by the administration of indomethacin. In conclusion, verapamil stimulates PGE2 synthesis and its protective effect against stress-induced mucosal damage seems to be mediated by PGE2.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of acute retinal necrosis syndrome in young patients

Abstract Purpose To determine the causative virus in acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome in a series of patients by calculation of modified Witmer coefficients. Design Noncomparative case series. Participants Ten patients with ARN syndrome from four medical centers. Methods Aqueous samples, vitreous samples, or both were collected prospectively during surgery from patients with a clinical diagnosis of ARN syndrome. Serologic measures of intraocular and serum antibodies to potentially causative viruses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main outcome measures Modified Witmer coefficients (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A) for herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV), as well as adenovirus type 2, were calculated from aqueous or vitreous samples, or both. Results Intraocular antibody measurements were strongly suggestive of a single diagnosis in 9 of 10 patients tested. Modified Witmer coefficients demonstrated intraocular antibody production to HSV in five patients and antibodies to VZV in four patients, and the measurement was inconclusive in one patient. No patients were positive for adenovirus or CMV. Strain-specific antibody titers demonstrated that all HSV-positive patients were reactive only to HSV-2. Herpes simplex virus type 2 was found predominantly in younger patients with ARN syndrome (mean age, 21.2 ± 10 years; range, 17–39 years), whereas VZV was more commonly seen in older patients (mean age, 40.8 ± 12.2 years; range, 29–58 years; P = 0.033). Immunoglobulin A testing confirmed immunoglobulin G testing in all patients examined. Conclusions Although VZV is thought to be the most common cause of ARN syndrome, HSV-2 is an important cause of ARN syndrome, particularly in younger patients. Because infection with HSV-2 has important medical ramifications, these results suggest that determination of a causal agent should be considered in some cases of ARN syndrome.
Mechanism of action of base release by Escherichia coli Fpg protein: role of lysine 155 in catalysis.

Fpg protein (formamidopyrimidine/8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase) is a DNA repair enzyme that catalyzes the removal of oxidized purines, most notably the mutagenic 7-hydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoGua) lesion, by an N-glycosylase action. Additionally, Fpg protein catalyzes β and δ elimination reactions subsequent to removal of the base lesions, as well as the analogous chemistry at abasic sites (AP sites). In this report, we show that of the two lysines that are conserved among the various putative prokaryotic Fpg proteins, a site specific alteration in one of them (lysine 155 changed to alanine) displays meaningful changes in substrate activities. However, lysine 155 is not required for the postulated covalent enzyme−substrate imine intermediate as demonstrated by trapping of the mutant protein−oligonucleotide complexes with cyanide or cyanoborohydride. The K155A mutant shows a decrease in activity with the 8oxoGua-substrate of ∼50-fold under both kcat/Km and kcat conditions. This mutant also displays a similar ...
Knowledge Discovery from Big Data for Intrusion Detection Using LDA

This paper explores a hybrid approach of intrusion detection through knowledge discovery from big data using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We identify the "hidden" patterns of operations conducted by both normal users and malicious users from a large volume of network/systems logs, by mapping this problem to the topic modeling problem and leveraging the well established LDA models and learning algorithms. This new approach potentially completes the strength of signature-based and anomaly-based methods.
A Pilot Study of Ovarian Cancer Chemoprevention Using Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in an Avian Model of Spontaneous Ovarian Carcinogenesis

Abstract Objective. Our previous studies have documented the feasibility of using the laying hen, Gallus domesticus, as a model of spontaneous ovarian carcinogenesis. This study was performed to determine the ability of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) to reduce the frequency of spontaneously developing reproductive tract adenocarcinoma in the avian model. Method. Four hundred 3-year-old hens were in a two-arm trial designed to determine the frequency of epithelial reproductive tract adenocarcinomas. Animals were designated to receive three injections of 100 mg Depo-Provera versus no injection over a 16-month period. Both groups were subjected to two induced molts 12 months apart. Egg counts were obtained and decreased egg production was documented in the treated hens due to Depo-Provera. At the end of 16 months surviving animals were sacrificed and the frequency of reproductive tract adenocarcinoma was determined histologicically. Results. Histologic information was obtained from the 293 hens that completed the full prescribed course of study. At the time of necropsy, multiple hens had evidence of carcinomatosis and massive ascites consistent with metastatic reproductive tract adenocarcinomas. Of the tissues examined from the informative cases gathered at the time of sacrifice, there was evidence of a reduction of reproductive tract adenocarcinoma observed in the Depo-Provera group (45/127—35%) when compared to the control group (69/166—42%). A risk reduction of 15% is observed in the treatment group (risk ratio 0.85: 95% confidence interval 0.63–1.15). Conclusion. The high rate of reproductive tract adenocarcinoma observed in this study supports the avian hen as a valid model of spontaneous ovarian carcinogenesis in which to test chemoprevention strategies and provides a unique opportunity for investigating the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma. The current histologic findings are consistent with the theory that a reduction of ovulatory events may prevent the development of ovarian adenocarcinoma.
A vitamin A analogue inhibits radiation-induced oncogenic transformation

The ability of vitamin A and its analogues (retinoids) to prevent chemically-induced tumours has been studied in various experimental systems1. We have investigated here the possibility that retinoids might also inhibit radiation-induced oncogenic transformation using a cell line of C3H mouse embryo fibroblasts grown in culture. We report a marked reduction in the transformation frequency by using one such compound, Ro-11-1430, the synthesis and structure of which has been described by Bollag2.
Structured light imaging of epicardial mechanics

There is a need for accurate measurements of mechanical strain and motion of the heart both in vitro and in vivo. We have developed a new structured-light imaging system capable of epicardial shape measurement at 333 fps at a resolution of 768 × 768 pixels. Here we present proof-of-concept data from our system applied to a beating rabbit heart in vitro to measure epicardial mechanics. This method will allow high resolution mapping of epicardial strain and virtual immobilization of the heart for removal of motion artifacts from epicardial recordings with fluorescence dyes. This will allow mapping of transmembrane potential and calcium transients in a beating heart, including in vivo.
Inter-rater reliability of the Pennsylvania independent monitoring for quality program's essential data elements scale.

Abstract The purpose of the independent monitoring for quality (IM4Q) program is to bridge communication between individuals with mental retardation and the service providers on whom they rely. The IM4Q program uses an interview (essential data elements survey) to gather information about the lives of individuals with mental retardation. Collaboration between individuals with mental retardation, family members, and community members provides diverse interviewing teams. This study evaluates inter-rater reliability of the essential data elements (EDE) survey. Findings show that 73 of the 74 questions had monitor agreement scores of 85% or higher.Inter-rater reliability of the Pennsylvania independent monitoring for quality program's essential data elements scale
Comparative Biomembrane Permeation of Tacrine Using Yucatan Minipigs and Domestic Pigs as the Animal Model

Tacrine (THA), a centrally acting acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, is presently administered perorally for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its low bioavailablity (i.e., 17%) and short half-life (2-4 h) demand the search for alternative routes of administration. The primary objective of this study was to assess the potential of absorptive mucosae and skin as routes for improving the systemic delivery of THA. The Yucatan minipig, which has been used increasingly in biomedical research as a useful model for humans, and the domestic pig, which is available at low cost, were evaluated for their suitability as animal model. Permeation kinetics of THA across various absorptive mucosae (nasal, buccal, sublingual, and rectal) of both species of swine were studied in the hydrodynamically well-calibrated Valia-Chien permeation cells. For comparison, permeation through various intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) was also measured. Results indicated that both species display similar permeation characteristics. However, the data obtained for the domestic pigs shows lower intra- and inter-animal variabilities than that of the Yucatan minipigs. The nasal mucosa was found to have the highest permeability, while the buccal mucosa had the lowest among the absorptive mucosae. The intrinsic permeabilities and diffusivity of THA across the four absorptive mucosae were not significantly different between species but lower than that for the intestinal segments for both species. Using dorsal skin as the model, the skin permeation of THA was also investigated and the results indicated that the domestic swine has a significantly higher skin permeability than the Yucatan minipig, with more than a 2-fold difference in intrinsic permeabilities. The intrinsic permeability, partition coefficient, and diffusivity for domestic pig skin are very similar to that for human cadaver skin. Considering the potential of bypassing the hepatic "first-pass" elimination, the absorptive mucosae may be useful routes for systemic delivery of THA to achieve improved bioavailability. With additional advantages of lower variability, ease of membrane excision, good accessibility, and lower cost, it is concluded that the domestic swine is a better animal model than the Yucatan minipig for preclinical studies on the systemic delivery of tacrine.
Histologic abnormalities are common in protocol liver allograft biopsies from patients with normal liver function tests.

The utility of protocol liver allograft biopsies remains controversial, particularly in patients with normal liver function tests (LFTs). However, histologic evaluation of these biopsies provides an opportunity to examine the types and severity of liver diseases that can occur in livers with normal
Sports-Related Cervical Spine Injuries

Cervical spine injuries are uncommon in children yet can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They are primarily seen after blunt trauma. Injuries can occur to bones, ligaments, muscles, spinal cord, nerves, blood vessels, or in some combination of multiple injuries. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to limit morbidity and mortality. As a result of developing anatomy, children suffer different types and locations of cervical spine injury as compared with adults. Many traumatic cervical spine injuries as well as cervical spinal cord injuries are not apparent on initial radiographs; this presents diagnostic challenges for the clinician. The purpose of this article is to describe the evaluation of the potential cervical spine injured athlete.
Practical thermal dosimetry

A relatively simple means of thermal dose documentation is presented. It has the advantage of greatly condensing the vast amount of data collected during a course of hyperthermia treatments. The formulation incorporates both temporal and spatial temperature transients and is applicable when comparing hyperthermia devices and in quality control for prospective hyperthermia treatment protocols.
Regulation of Osteoblast Gene Expression in Intratypic Osteosarcoma Hybrid Cells

Abstract Intratypic osteosarcoma hybrids were constructed by fusing the human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma SaOS-2 with the rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma UMR-106. Both of these osteosarcomas express liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), but only the UMR-106 cell line expresses osteopontin (OPN), a gene expressed during later stages of osteoblast differentiation. Analysis of osteoblast gene expression in these hybrids demonstrated that ALPL continued to be expressed; however, OPN steady-state mRNA levels were dramatically reduced in four hybrids. Quantitative measurements indicated theft OPN steady-state mRNA levels were extinguished by a factor of 20- to 1000-fold. Since SaOS-2 chromosomes are preferentially lost from these hybrids, subclones of extinguished hybrids were isolated that reexpressed OPN mRNA at levels similar to the UMR-106 parental line. These data indicate that trans-acting negative regulatory factors, expressed from the SaOS-2 genome, are responsible for OPN extinction. This report provides the first demonstration of the negative regulation of OPN gene expression and also provides additional evidence that extinction plays a role in the regulation of osteoblast gene expression.
Locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: New treatment strategies

Approximately 40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patientspresent with locally advanced, unresectable lesions. Treatmentwith thoracic radiotherapy yields survivals averaging just 9 to 10months, and long-term survival at 5 years is poor. Recent studiesindicate that chemotherapy followed by thoracic radiotherapy improves5-year survival by three- to fourfold. Nevertheless, most patients doultimately die of the underlying disease. New strategies designed toenhance local tumor control—use of radiation-sensitizing drugs, three-dimensional treatment planning techniques, or altered radiationfractionation schedules—may further improve survival outcome. Inaddition, newer cisplatin-based regimens containing either paclitaxelor vinorelbine improve survival over that achieved with older vincaalkaloid or podophyllotoxin combination regimens. Accordingly, thenewer drug regimens combined with radiotherapy can be expected tofurther improve survival in this subset of NSCLC patients. Prospectivestudies are underway to test this conjecture.
Afferent regulation of neurotransmitter metabolism in perikarya and terminals of developing sympathetic neurons

Steady-state levels and turnover of the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE), were measured in sympathetic perikarya and in two sympathetic target organs in the rat at various times during postnatal development. NE content in sympathetic perikarya in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) increases 15-fold from birth to reach adult levels by 60 days. This increase in NE content parallels the increase in total protein in the ganglion. The rate of turnover of NE in the sympathetic perikarya increases slightly from birth to adulthood. Since the perikarya in the SCG project to a variety of different targets in the head and neck, NE metabolism was also examined in two terminal sympathetic plexuses, in the iris and in the submandibular gland (SMG). The terminal noradrenergic plexuses within these target organs do not mature with the same time course. In the iris, levels of NE increase 24-fold from birth until 90 days postnatally. Turnover of NE in sympathetic terminals in the iris at the time of birth is equivalent to that in the adult. In contrast, both the content and turnover of NE in sympathetic terminals in the SMG are very low at birth, and increase dramatically in the first month postnatally. Deafferentation of the SCG at birth impairs the development of normal levels of NE in sympathetic perikarya by approximately 40%, and total ganglionic protein is similarly affected. NE turnover in sympathetic perikarya deafferented at birth is only slight reduced from normal. The response to neonatal deafferentation differs in the two terminal sympathetic plexuses. In neurons that project to the iris, no detectable NE turnover could be measured, although the content of transmitter attains 64% of control values after deafferentation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimentally induced whirling disease. II: Determination of longevity of the infective triactinomyxon stage of Myxobolus cerebralis by vital staining

Abstract Effects of temperature and aging on viability and infectivity of laboratory-produced actinosporean triactinomyxon spores (infective stage of the organism causing whirling disease) were studied. In vitro staining of triactinomyxon spores with vital fluorescein diacetate correlated with the ability of the spores to infect fry of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The experimentally produced actinosporean stage of Myxobolus cerebralis was short-lived, persisting for only 3–4 d at 12.5°C and for less time at warmer temperatures. The vital staining method has potential for screening therapeutants intended to control myxosporean infection of fish.
Diametral and compressive strength of dental core materials

Abstract Statement of problem. Strength greatly influences the selection of core materials. Many disparate material types are now recommended for use as cores. Cores must withstand forces due to mastication and parafunction for many years. Purpose. This study compared the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of 8 core materials of various material classes and formulations (light-cured hybrid composite, autocured titanium containing composite, amalgam, glass ionomer, glass ionomer cermet, resin-modified glass ionomer, and polyurethane). Material and methods. Materials were manipulated according to manufacturers' instructions for use as cores. Mean compressive and diametral strengths with associated standard errors were calculated for each material (n = 10). Analyses of variance were computed ( P Results. Compressive strengths varied widely from 61.1 MPa for a polyurethane to 250 MPa for a resin composite. Diametral tensile strengths ranged widely from 18.3 MPa for a glass ionomer cermet to 55.1 MPa for a resin composite. Some resin composites had compressive and tensile strengths equal to those of amalgam. Conclusion. Light-cured hybrid resin composites were stronger than autocured titanium containing composites. The strengths of glass ionomer–based materials and of a polyurethane material were considerably lower than for resin composites or amalgam. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:272-6.)
Small-molecule-based strategies for controlling gene expression

Abstract A central goal in chemical biology is to gain control over biological pathways using small molecules, and the mRNA-synthesizing machinery is a particularly important target. New advances in our understanding of transcriptional regulation suggests strategies to manipulate these pathways using small molecules.
Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases : structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) oxygenates drugs and xenobiotics containing a “soft-nucleophile”, usually nitrogen or sulfur. FMO, like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase, utilizing the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce 1 atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. FMO and CYP also exhibit similar tissue and cellular location, molecular weight, substrate specificity, and exist as multiple enzymes under developmental control. The human FMO functional gene family is much smaller (5 families each with a single member) than CYP. FMO does not require a reductase to transfer electrons from NADPH and the catalytic cycle of the 2 monooxygenases is strikingly different. Another distinction is the lack of induction of FMOs by xenobiotics. In general, CYP is the major contributor to oxidative xenobiotic metabolism. However, FMO activity may be of significance in a number of cases and should not be overlooked. FMO and CYP have overlapping substrate specificities, but often yield distinct metabolites with potentially significant toxicological/pharmacological consequences. The physiological function(s) of FMO are poorly understood. Three of the 5 expressed human FMO genes, FMO1, FMO2 and FMO3, exhibit genetic polymorphisms. The most studied of these is FMO3 (adult human liver) in which mutant alleles contribute to the disease known as trimethylaminuria. The consequences of these FMO genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism and human health are areas of research requiring further exploration.
Calculation of infrared band intensities and determination of energy differences of rotational isomers of 1,2-dichloro-, 1,2-dibromo- and 1-chloro-2-bromoethane

Abstract Infrared absorption intensities of fundamental bands of 1,2-dichloro-, 1,2-dibromo- and 1-chloro-2-bromoethane have been measured in the vapor phase and in the pure liquid phase. Using the least squares method, intensity data have been interpreted in terms of the least number of common intensity parameters including the population ratios between the rotational isomers of these molecules. By the determined values of the population ratios, energy differences between the rotational isomers have been evaluated, and the values have been compared with those obtained using the temperature variation method.
Alcohol Misuse Among Older Adult Public Housing Residents

Low-income older adults living in public housing are at heightened risk for substance misuse. This study identified the prevalence of alcohol misuse among older public housing residents (n = 187) and explored predictors of problem drinking. Including weekly drinking levels and binge drinking, 23% of the sample engaged in problem drinking behaviors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that race, gender, employment status, years smoking, and illegal drug use were significant predictors of problem drinking. No residents were receiving substance abuse treatment. As the number of older adults increase, training social workers to assess and treat alcohol misuse in older adults is critical.
Phonon dispersion in Sr2RuO4 studied by a first-principles cumulative force-constant approach

The phonon frequencies along several high symmetry lines for ${\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{RuO}}_{4}$ were calculated using the real-space cumulative force-constant approach. Except for the highest ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ $(\ensuremath{\xi}00)$ and ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{3}$ $(\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\xi}0)$ dispersions, all other 54 branches were quantitatively described very well, including the anomalous softening of the ${\text{RuO}}_{6}$ octahedra rotational mode which was the lowest ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{3}$ dispersion along the $(\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\xi}0)$ direction. We did not see any imaginary phonon modes for ${\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{RuO}}_{4}$ and demonstrated that the softening of the rotational mode of the ${\text{RuO}}_{6}$ octahedra was not due to the anharmonic effects.
Differential Gene Expression in Primary Human Skin Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in Response to Ionizing Radiation

Although skin is usually exposed during human exposures to ionizing radiation, there have been no thorough examinations of the transcriptional response of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes to radiation. The transcriptional response of quiescent primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes exposed to from 10 cGy to 5 Gy and collected 4 h after treatment was examined. RNA was isolated and examined by microarray analysis for changes in the levels of gene expression. Exposure to ionizing radiation altered the expression of 279 genes across both cell types. Changes in RNA expression could be arranged into three main categories: (1) changes in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts, (2) changes in fibroblasts but not in keratinocytes, and (3) changes in both. All of these changes were primarily of p53 target genes. Similar radiation-induced changes were induced in immortalized fibroblasts or keratinocytes. In separate experiments, protein was collected and analyzed by Western blotting for expression of proteins observed in microarray experiments to be overexpressed at the mRNA level. Both Q-PCR and Western blot analysis experiments validated these transcription changes. Our results are consistent with changes in the expression of p53 target genes as indicating the magnitude of cell responses to ionizing radiation.
An analysis of the relationship between travel preferences and intentions to use registered traveler biometric systems in air travel

Purpose – Today's increasingly interconnected world presents substantial challenges for the security of air travel, which can be attenuated by using registered traveler biometric systems (RTBS). While several systems have been deployed (i.e. Global Entry), it is not clear how a mass adoption of registered traveler biometric systems can be predicted. Using data from air travelers, the aim of this study is to examine the link between air travelers' perceptions of several air travel attributes and their intentions to use RTBS.Design/methodology/approach – This study used an exploratory factor analysis to reduce the dimensionality of 17 perceptions of air travel experience attributes. Further, a discriminant function analysis was used to determine if any of the air travel attribute groups are useful in distinguishing between travelers favorable v. unfavorable toward RTBS.Findings – This study found that travelers' perceptions of several air travel attributes are linked to their intentions to use RTBS. Specifi...
A retinoic acid-enhanced, multicellular human blood-brain barrier model derived from stem cell sources

A retinoic acid-enhanced, multicellular human blood-brain barrier model derived from stem cell sources
High pressure melts receive attention at workshop

The physical behavior of natural silicate liquids influences a variety of geodynamic processes including subduction, the generation and chemical evolution of mantle plumes, and the physics of volcanic eruptions. Since most of these processes occur at high pressures, they remain relatively inaccessible to direct observation. Researchers met at a workshop recently to discuss current and future directions of research in natural silicate liquids. At the meeting, sponsored by the Center for High Pressure Research, attendees raised the questions that are necessary to link melt structure research to the physical and thermodynamic properties of silicate liquids that dictate natural igneous processes.
Nanostructured In-Plane Solar Concentrator

We present a solar concentrator utilizing two-dimensional (2D) periodic nanostructure on a glass window to redirect a portion of the incoming light to the edge pane to be harnessed by a small efficient photovoltaic cell.
Distinguished Lecture in Archeology: In Defense of the Seventies—The Adolescence of New Archeology

The core of this article was first presented as the Distinguished Lecture in Archeology at the 88th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 17, 1989, in Washington, D.C.
The history of telenet and the commercialization of packet switching in the U.S.

This article, the fifth in a series on the history of packet switching, provides an account of the early days of commercial packet switching services in the United States. It is remarkable and refreshing - and possibly controversial - in stressing the business of technology more than the technology itself. The previous articles covered the early history of packet switching in the UK (by Peter Kirstein, February 2009) and in Canada (by Tony Rybczynski, December 2009), the early history of the Internet (by Len Kleinrock, August, 2010), and the development of X.25 virtual circuit networking in France (by Remi Depres, November 2010). Commercial packet switching networks were launched in most countries by the Postal Telephone & Telegraph administrations (PTTs), but the situation in the U.S. was different. AT&T was the dominant communications service provider, but initially showed little interest in packet communications. Entrepreneurial companies, particularly Telenet and Tymnet, became leaders in commercializing packet switching services. The earlier articles in this series described the technical history of packet switching and the development of the international X.25 standards. This article focuses on commercial, competitive and regulatory developments in the U.S. and is written by key figures in these developments. Larry Roberts is generally considered one of the pioneering architects of packet technology and, in particular, the ARPANET, and was co-founder and President of Telenet, the first regulated commercial packet carrier in the world. Stu Mathison was VP of Planning at Telenet from its creation until it became a part of Sprint in the 1980's. Phil Walker, an attorney, was also a co-founder and managed Telenet's regulatory and legal affairs.
The effect of aging on hydrogen trapping in ß-titanium alloys

Abstract The ingress of hydrogen in three s-titanium alloys (Beta-C, Ti10V2Fe3Al, and Ti13V11Cr3Al) and an α-s titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) was investigated with a view to characterizing their interaction with hydrogen. A technique referred to as hydrogen ingress analysis by potentiostatic pulsing (HIAPP) was used to obtain anodic current transients for the unaged and aged s-Ti alloys and as-received Ti-6-4 in an acetate buffer (1 mol L−1 HAc/l mol L−1 NaAc, where Ac = acetate). The transients were analyzed using a diffusion/trapping model under interface control conditions to evaluate the trapping constants and hydrogen entry flux in each case. A marked increase in irreversible trapping was observed for the s-titanium alloys with aging and was attributed to precipitation of secondary α phase. Aging also induced changes in the passive film and hence the hydrogen entry flux. Ti-13-11-3 and Ti-10-2-3 are predicted to become less resistant to hydrogen embrittlement with aging as a result of increases in both the trapping constant (at least for Ti-13-11-3) and the flux. In contrast, the change in resistance of Beta-C Ti with aging is subject to the opposing effects of a reduced flux and an enhanced trapping capability, though the latter appears to have the primary effect, rendering aged Beta-C Ti less resistant to hydrogen embrittlement than the unaged alloy.
Circuits, networks, and power systems

Many problems can be modeled by networks. However, due to the imprecise nature of much of the information decision makers have available it is sometimes difficult to determine a ''best'' approach to the problem. To help alleviate this exigency, a network model that combines both precise and nonprecise information is presented.