cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Policy Involvement of Nutrition Professionals

Abstract This research study reports the nature and level of public policy involvement in a sample of members of the Public Health Division of the Society for Nutrition Education. The survey instrument was a self-report, closed-ended questionnaire that was mailed to all members of that division. One follow-up attempt after the initial mailing resulted in a response rate of 66% (n = 396).When asked to rate current level of involvement in public policy change, 44.3% reported no involvement, 47% were somewhat involved, and 7.3% reported that they were very involved. Those most likely to be involved were registered dietitians, those with government jobs, and those with doctoral degrees. Although most reported some benefits to involvement, the majority indicated that they had not received any formal training and said they lacked the skills for involvement. Lack of time and frustration with the process were the most frequently cited barriers. Professional organizations trying to increase member participation in public policy issues could use this information. For example, results indicate that organizations need to be more visible with their commitment to public policy involvement. They might consider providing members with updates on current issues and feedback about the impact of their efforts. Additionally, continuing education programs should emphasize hands-on skill development.
Molecular scale imaging and observation of electron beam-induced changes of polyvinylidene fluoride molecules in electrospun nanofibers

Abstract Transmission electron micrograph images, made at high magnification, of electrospun nanofibers of polyvinylidene fluoride showed rows of dark dots, separated by about 0.24 nm, along segments of molecules. The thin fibers supported themselves across tiny holes, so there was no support material in the field of view. The dots were seen because the electron density of the CF2 groups is three times that of the intervening CH2 groups. The polymer nanofibers contained crystals with the polymer chains aligned predominately along the axis of the fiber. A significant degree of long-range translational symmetry, associated with the planar zigzag of backbone carbon atoms and the average lateral separation of the molecules, was maintained as the radiation gradually modified the polymer molecules. These high magnification images showed surprising persistence of the chain-like morphology and segmental motion. Primary radiation damage events were dominant. Many more numerous and damaging secondary radiation events that are encountered in thicker samples, or in support films were almost completely avoided, since the only nearby material where secondary radiation could be generated was in the very thin fiber. The nanofibers contained from 50 to a few hundred molecules in a typical cross section. Irradiation severed the molecules at slow rates until only two or three molecules remained in the fiber, and finally the fiber broke. Evidence was noted that irradiation with electrons also caused loss of fluorine atoms, cross-linking, and chain scission. The entire observed segments of the nanofibers were small enough for detailed comparison of images with calculated molecular models.
The Making of an Image: Emily Dickinson's Blue Fly

Emily Dickinson's startling image, “I heard a Fly buzz – when I died,” incorporates aspects of Hawthorne's “common house-fly” in Seven Gables, which echoes elements of Tennyson's image in “Mariana.” Aware of her predecessors' images, Dickinson, through her characteristic synaesthetic interfusion of sensory experiences, “translates” her “blue fly” into something new and strange.
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with choriocarcinomatous metastasis

Abstract Background. Nongestational choriocarcinoma, in very rare instances, has been described as a component of other malignancies with a tendency for a very poor prognosis. Case. A 55 year old woman was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and incompletely treated with only external beam radiation. Adjuvant radical hysterectomy demonstrated no residual tumor, but the patient developed a tumor metastasis mimicking a pulmonary artery thrombus which by histology and immunohistochemistry was pure choriocarcinoma. While chemotherapy was successful in achieving a complete remission, the patient succumbed to complications of her pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion. Choriocarcinomatous dedifferentiation of cervical adenocarcinoma is extremely rare, with only one other case reported in the literature. While the prognosis for patients with such a tumor is generally poor, aggressive combination chemotherapy may be of benefit in some.
The Surgical Correction of Frontal Sinus Pneumoceles

Objectives: Frontal sinus pneumocele is a rare condition characterized by abnormal expansion of the air-containing sinus beyond the normal margins of the frontal bone. The etiology remains unclear but has been associated with developmental, neoplastic, inflammatory, and post-traumatic causes. Few reports in the literature describe the surgical management of frontal sinus pneumocele. We focus on describing the evaluation, work-up and surgical treatment of this condition.
Building Addressable Libraries: Spatially Isolated, Chip-Based Reductive Amination Reactions

A Pd(II) reagent has been generated at preselected sites on an electrochemically addressable chip and used to effect the oxidation of the neighboring alcohols on the polymer coating the chip's surface. The resulting carbonyls were then used to accomplish site-selective reductive amination reactions on the chips. The work demonstrates that the confinement strategy developed for spatially isolated Wacker oxidations to specific sites on the chips is general and can be used for other Pd(II)-based reactions.
Restorative justice: an alternative approach to juvenile crime

Abstract This paper examines “restorative justice,” a new approach to the problem of juvenile crime, from an economic point of view. Advocates assert that the personal, social, and economic harms inflicted by many juvenile crimes are more adequately repaired through mediated face-to-face conferences between victims and offenders than through the conventional disposition of juvenile cases. Parallels between this conception and key elements of the “economic model of crime” are reviewed, followed by an application of the concept of social capital to this process. We conclude with a brief review of early empirical evidence suggestive of the promise of this new approach.
A study of square-well statistical associating fluid theory approximations

Six square-well (SW) statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) models, fitted to the experimental saturated liquid volume and saturated vapor pressure for pure n-alkanes, are analyzed for predicting the coexisting densities, second virial coefficients, and binary phase equilibria. The models that result in low values of the segment energy and weak molecular weight dependence of the parameters are found to be more accurate for real fluids. The inclusion of the dimer structure in the SW chain term seems to produce no significant benefit for representing real substances.
Glaucoma and survival: The National Health Interview Survey 1986–1994☆

Abstract Objective Associations between glaucoma and survival have not been studied extensively, in part, because of the relatively low prevalence of this condition. This study examines associations between self-reported glaucoma and mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Design Annual cross-sectional multistage area probability survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population living at addressed dwellings. Participants Mortality linkage with >96% of participants from the 1986 to 1994 National Health Interview Survey was performed by the National Center for Health Statistics through 1997. Complete data were available on 116,796 adults ≥18 years old. Methods Adults within randomly selected households were administered a chronic conditions list that included questions about glaucoma and visual impairment. Proxy information on these conditions was obtained when household members were unavailable for interview. Statistical methods included Cox regression models with adjustments for covariates, as well as for the complex sample survey design. Main outcome measure All-cause mortality and cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Results A total of 1559 (1.3%) glaucoma cases were reported. Nearly 19% of participants with reported glaucoma also had reported visual impairment (n = 303). Mortality linkage identified 8949 deaths; the average follow-up was 7.0 years. After controlling for survey design, gender, age, race, marital status, education level, and self-rated health, participants with reported glaucoma but without reported visual impairment were at significantly increased risk of death relative to participants without reported glaucoma, irrespective of visual impairment status (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–1.53); similar associations were found for participants with reported glaucoma and visual impairment vs. participants with no reported glaucoma (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.14–1.71). An increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality was found for participants with reported glaucoma both without (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11–1.55) and with (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.15–2.05) reported visual impairment. Risk of mortality due to cancer was increased only in participants with reported glaucoma but without reported visual impairment (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25–1.98); this association was stronger when the mortality analysis was restricted to cancers amenable to early screening, including breast, cervical, colon, and prostate cancer (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41–2.81). Conclusions Among adults residing in the United States, reported glaucoma is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Associations between glaucoma and cancer were inconsistent and may reflect, in part, a detection bias, in which glaucoma is more likely to be diagnosed in adults receiving health care because of other medical conditions.
Returning to tricyclic antidepressants for depression during childbearing: clinical and dosing challenges

Managing depression and anxiety during pregnancy and the postpartum period is challenging. Both pharmacological treatment and the lack thereof can pose threats to a fetus. SSRIs are the drugs of choice for use during pregnancy, but there is considerable evidence for the safety and efficacy of older antidepressants during pregnancy as well. This study highlights a single case of the use of the tricyclic nortriptyline during pregnancy and postpartum. The subject involved had an unexpectedly high ratio of serum level to drug dose during the postpartum period. We monitored the subject for a significantly greater portion of the postpartum period than has been done in previous studies, and explored medical and lifestyle changes that could account for the level-to-dose ratios we observed. Differences in smoking patterns, coupled with the patient’s status as a genetic poor metabolizer, were the most likely explanations.
Gelling properties of heat-denatured beta-lactoglobulin aggregates in a high-salt buffer.

Thermal denaturation, rheological, and microstructural properties of gels prepared from native β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and preheated or heat-denatured β-LG (HDLG) aggregates were compared. The HDLG ...
Neural correlates of real-world route learning

Classical theories of spatial microgenesis (Siegel and White, 1975) posit that information about landmarks and the paths between them is acquired prior to the establishment of more holistic survey-level representations. To test this idea, we examined the neural and behavioral correlates of landmark and path encoding during a real-world route learning episode. Subjects were taught a novel 3 km route around the University of Pennsylvania campus and then brought to the laboratory where they performed a recognition task that required them to discriminate between on-route and off-route buildings. Each building was preceded by a masked prime, which could either be the building that immediately preceded the target building along the route or immediately succeeded it. Consistent with previous reports using a similar paradigm in a virtual environment (Janzen and Weststeijn, 2007), buildings at navigational decision points (DPs) were more easily recognized than non-DP buildings and recognition was facilitated by in-route vs. against-route primes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected during the recognition task revealed two effects of interest: first, greater response to DP vs. non-DP buildings in a wide network of brain regions previously implicated in spatial processing; second, a significant interaction between building location (DP vs. non-DP) and route direction (in-route vs. against-route) in a retrosplenial/parietal-occipital sulcus region previously labeled the retrosplenial complex (RSC). These results indicate that newly learned real-world routes are coded in terms of paths between decision points and suggest that the RSC may be a critical locus for integrating landmark and path information.
Current on an infinitely-long carbon nanotube antenna excited by a gap generator

The current on an infinitely-long carbon nanotube (CN) antenna fed by a delta-gap source is studied using a Fourier transform technique. The CN is modeled as an infinitely-thin tube characterized by a semi-classical conductance, appropriate for the frequencies of interest considered in this work. The CN's current is compared with the current on solid and tubular copper antennas having similar or somewhat larger radius values. It is found that for radius values on the scale of nanometers, CNs exhibit smaller losses than cylindrical copper antennas having the same dimensions, assuming the bulk value of copper conductivity. When one assumes a more realistic, reduced copper conductivity that accounts for the nanoscopic radius of the wire, the advantage of the CN over a metallic wire is increased.
Investigation of Short-Range Radiowave Propagation at HF/VHF Frequencies in a Forested Environment

Short-range radiowave propagation measurements are conducted in a loblolly pine forest and an open field at frequencies from 20 to 100 MHz. The measurement results are processed and the propagation constant of the dominant propagation mechanism is extracted. Comparison of the forest and the open field results shows a distinct resonance behavior for forest propagation in the frequency band from 33 to 42 MHz. The observed phenomena are corroborated by full-wave simulation results.
Surface Modification of Clays and Related Materials

Abstract This review analyzes various ways by which the surfaces of clay particles and related minerals can be non‐covalently modified, as well as some of the analytical approaches with which these surface modifications can be measured and quantified. Among the principal methods of modification of the surface properties of clays and other metal oxide surfaces is treatment with cationic surfactants comprising long‐chain alkyl groups. Using the Cassie equation, the percentage coverage by alkyl groups can be ascertained, from advancing contact angle data. Also, by measuring both advancing and retreating contact angles (e.g., with drops of water) on various surfaces, the percentage liquid coverage of such surface (or, if one wishes, the percentage contamination by the contact angle liquid) can be ascertained, using the Cassie equation. It was found that talc, treated with octadecyl amine (OA) became 100% covered with octadecyl groups when mildly heated with 1 wt.% OA. Treatment with higher concentrations did ...
ATS-6 Significance

The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-6), the most powerful, most sophisticated, most versatile communications satellite flown to date, is the last of NASA's experimental satellites intended to demonstrate major advances in communications and spacecraft technology. It is a multipurpose, multidisciplinary spacecraft whose principal objectives were to demonstrate a large, unfurlable antenna structure and precise pointing and attitude control in the synchronous orbit The spacecraft carries 27 different experiments, 3 of which demonstrate users' applications of satellite communications. Significant advances in antenna technology, precise attitude control, materials technology, spacecraft structures, and thermal control have been successfully demonstrated. The most significant accomplishments of the ATS-6 mission are the demonstration of the practicality of satellite broadcasting to small, simple, inexpensive ground stations and the uses of this potential service in the solution of social problems involving education and health care. The success of these initial demonstrations has led ATS-6 experimenters and potential users to incorporate a Public Service Satellite Consortium dedicated to the provision of satellite broadcasting services for educational and health-care applications.
Modeling Pilot Situation Awareness

Introduction The Man–machine Integration Design and Analysis (MIDAS) human performance model was augmented to improve predictions of multi-operator situation awareness (SA). In MIDAS, the environment is defined by situation elements (SE) that are processed by the modeled operator via a series of sub-models including visual attention, perception, and memory. Collectively, these sub-models represent the situation assessment process and determine which SEs are attended to, and comprehended by, the modeled operator. SA is computed as a ratio of the Actual SA (the number of SEs that are detected or comprehended) to the Optimal SA (the number of SEs that are required or desired to complete the task).
Applications of interval computations to earthquake-resistant engineering: How to compute derivatives of interval functions fast

One of the main sources of destruction during earthquake is resonance. Therefore, the following idea has been proposed. We design special control linkages between floors that are normally unattached to the building but can be attached if necessary. They are so designed that adding them changes the building's characteristic frequency. We continuously monitor displacements within the structure, and when they exceed specified limits, the linkages are engaged in a way to control structural motion. This idea can also be applied to avoid vibrational destruction of large aerospace structures.
Therapist predictors of treatment delivery fidelity in a community-based trial of 12-step facilitation

Background and aims: Therapist characteristics may be associated with variation in consistency, quality and effectiveness of treatment delivery. We examined associations between treatment fidelity ...
Development of optimal protocol for visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic evaluation of meat quality

The present experiments were conducted to develop an optimal protocol for visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic evaluation of meat quality. It was determined that spectra were more repeatable using a 35 mm-diameter high-intensity reflectance probe rather than a 3 mm-diameter reflectance probe. Using the high-intensity reflectance probe, spectra were generally very repeatable (e.g., repeatability at 1080 nm ranged from 0.94 to 0.99) regardless of the number (50, 40, 30, 20, or 10) of spectra averaged per observation. At each wavelength (350–2500 nm), the highest repeatability was obtained when 20 spectra were averaged. It was determined that spectra were greatly different when the length of time that the muscle was exposed to air (bloomed) before spectroscopy was increased from 2 to 60 min. However, regardless of bloom time, the repeatability of reflectance values was >0.90 at each wavelength between 462 and 1371 nm. The protocol developed in this experiment should facilitate future experiments to determine if visible and near-infrared spectroscopy can be used to accurately predict meat quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVMENT IN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES: AN ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

The general nature of the productivity ethic is discussed, with i t s limitations i n the public sector being stressed. The economic institutional model upon which the private sector business productivity construct is built is compared with the political institutional model operating in governmental agencies. Value paradoxes and dilemmas of government policymakers and administrators supporting agency productivity improvement efforts are analyzed. The study concludes that a better understanding of the limited nature of the productivity vision as well as i t s unique ethical characteristics would do much to improve governmental performance and the morale of public employees.
Toward a better understanding of the "advanced maternal age" factor.

Women over the age of 30–35 are presumed to encounter more adverse pregnancy outcomes because of their reduced reproductive efficiency. In the vast majority of studies of advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcome, however, researchers have failed to control for important contextual differences surrounding the pregnancy and childbirth experiences of younger and older women. These contextual differences can account for a considerable portion of the differential results mistakenly ascribed to reproductive age. In this article are reviewed research findings that identify three such hidden factors: older women's increasing likelihood of chronic diseases that adversely affect pregnancy outcome; the altered medical management of middle‐aged women's pregnancies and labors, with resultant iatrogenically caused complications; and demographic characteristics suggesting that midlife pregnancy in the past has been associated with poverty or subfertility and today is associated with healthy middle‐class postponers.
Simulation of bipolar VLSI circuits using overlapped relaxation technique

A fast and robust overlapped waveform relaxation (OWR) algorithm is presented for transient simulation of bipolar VLSI circuits. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that by using the OWR algorithm, the speedup can be two orders of magnitude compared to direct SPICE-like methods for very large circuits. Four representative examples, including combinational and sequential digital circuits as well as an analog bipolar circuit, are included. It is shown that the OWR algorithm is twice as fast as the waveform relaxation algorithm. >
Cultural Ecology of Nuclear Mesoamerica

SCRMSHAW, N. S. 1953 Excerpt from address published in Proceedings Food and Nutrition Board, 12:24 (May), 1952, Journal American Dietetic Association 29: (2): 133 (Feb.). SCRIMSHAW, N. W., M. B~HAR, F. VITERI, G. ARROYAVE, and C. TEJADA 1957 Epidemiology and prevention of severe protein malnutrition (kwashiokor) in Central America. American Journal of Public Health 47: (1): 53-62. SCRIMSHAW, N. S., C. E. TAYLOR, and J. E. GORDON 1959 Interactions of nutrition and infection. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 237: (3) :367-403. SCOTT, E. M., R. C. WEIGHT, and B. T. HANAN 1955 Anemia in Alaskan Eskimo. Journal of Nutrition 55: (1): 137-49. SMsITH, C. A. 1954 Effects of maternal undernutrition upon the newborn infant in Holland (1944-45). Journal of Pediatrics 30:229-43. SNODGRASSE, R. M., S. DREIZEN, C. CURRIE, G. S. PARKER, and T. D. SPIES 1955 The association between anomalous ossification centers in the hand and wrist, nutritional status and rate of skeletal maturation in children five to fourteen years of age. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine 74:103748. SPENGLER, J. L. 1960 Population and world economic development. Science 131, 3412, 20 May, pp. 14971502. STEFANSSON, V. 1956 The fat of the land. New York, The Macmillan Co. THOMPSON-MCFADDEN PELLAGRA COMMISSION 1913 First progress report. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 191.
Image Segmentation Using Local Variation and Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations

The classic centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) model and its generalizations work quite well at extracting uniformly colored objects, but often fail to handle images with distinct color distribution or strong inhomogeneous intensity. To resolve this problem within the CVT methodology, in this paper we incorporate the information of local variation of colors/intensities and the length of boundaries into the energy functional and develop a new model called the Local Variation and Edge-Weighted Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (LVEWCVT) for image segmentation. Its mathematical formulation and practical implementations are also discussed and given. We test the LVEWCVT method on various type of segments and also compare it with several state-of-art algorithms using extensive segmentation examples, the results demonstrate excellent performance and competence of the proposed method.
How Anthropology Can Help Psychology

This chapter attempts to bring anthropological perspectives and knowledge into psychology—with regard to broadening the definition of research and acceptable methodologies, especially with regard to culture; to understanding and attempting to compensate for ethnocentrism; and looking at the discipline of psychology itself from a social science point of view.
Experimental Music with Young Novices: Politics and Pedagogy

ABSTRACT The author describes an experimental music-based pedagogy developed for workshops with untrained musical novices. He discusses the political impetus and implications for teaching music outside the traditional framework of instrumental skill-development and reproduction of extant works. Instead, he suggests an anti-hierarchical and empowering pedagogy through which anyone can exercise authorship and agency with music composition. Finally, he shows how the open-ended sonic inquiry—“the outcome of which is not foreseen”—that is characteristic of Cagean music resonates with trends toward STEM education.
Extracting Polar Anisotropy Parameters From Seismic Data and Well Logs

A new method is presented for extracting seismic polar anisotropy parameters, with the vertical resolution of the seismic wavelet, from prestack surface seismic data and vertical well logs. The method uses sonic VP0, VS0 and ρ to construct an isotropic synthetic reflectivity gather, convolved with the (zero-phase) seismic wavelet, with no other propagation effects included. It uses a co-located surface CDP gather, in conjunction with this synthetic gather, to estimate the propagation effects. Then the arithmetric difference between the corrected seismic amplitudes and the isotropic synthetic amplitudes gives the jump in anisotropy parameters δ and e at each major reflector in the logged interval. Integration of these differences, starting at a sandstone layer (with anisotropy assumed zero), yields a profile of the anisotropy itself. In a test case, this workflow yielded anisotropy parameters correlated with the gamma ray log. The anisotropic corrections were substantial.
In vitro and in vivo antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin G preparations against herpes simplex virus.

Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Steve Kohl, Program of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, Texas 77225. immunodeficient patients against both varicellazoster and cytomegalovirus infection [1-4]. The data regarding herpes simplex virus (HSV) are somewhat more controversial [5]. There are abundant data affirming that large doses of high-titer antibody can protect animals, including neonates, against lowinoculum challenge with HSV [5]. Data for humans are conflicting. In the national collaborative study, no protective effect of transplacental antibody could be demonstrated in neonates with HSV infection [6].
Multilevel Metal Flow-Fill Analysis of Centrifugal Casting for Indirect Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures

The centrifugal casting is a classical manufacturing method and it has been widely studied. However, when it comes to manufacture thin walled lattice materials with complex three-dimensional meso-structures, a multiscale flow-fill analysis may be needed for macro-filling at the sprue system and micro-filling at lattice structures. On the micro-filing analysis for a thin walled lattice structure, the surface tension of molten metal appears to be an important factor. On the other hand, flow inertia may affect the flow-filling process more than the surface tension of molten metal does. Our hypothesis is that there exist a range of ratios of cell wall thickness to length that are primarily affected by surface tension or density. From comparison with two different molten metals — aluminum and copper alloys, we can estimate the characteristic of flow, which will be of benefit when designing lattice structures and selecting materials for the manufacturing process. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis by constructing an analytical model on flow filling of molten metals (aluminum alloy and copper alloy) associated with manufacturing lattice structures. The Naiver-Stokes equation with surface tension is considered for modeling of the flow of molten metal along the micro-channel of lattice structures and is numerically implemented with MATLAB. Temperature dependent properties of the liquid metals; e.g., density, viscosity, and conductivity, are considered for building the analytical model. Numerical simulations with a commercial code, ANSYS are conducted using a user defined function. Experimental validation is followed to manufacture a cubic truss lattice structure with a varying wall thickness; 0.5–1mm. Two molten metals — aluminum alloy and copper alloy are used for filling the mold at the centrifugal casting system. The mold is prepared by removing sacrificial lattice patterns made by a polyjet 3D printer. The preliminary result shows that the final lattice structures with an aluminum alloy through the 3D printing of sacrificial pattern followed by centrifugal casting have relatively good flow filling property at thin wall thickness (∼0.5mm) due to low surface tension of aluminum alloy. On the other hand, the high surface tension of a copper alloy prevents flow-fill to micro-channel mold cavity, resulting in early solidification. The indirect additive manufacturing based casting shows an excellent surface quality, which can be used for manufacturing cellular structures. A coupled flow and heat transfer of molten metal successfully simulate flow-fill and solidification and is compared with the experiment. Faster filling-time and faster solidification for the temperature-dependent material properties were shown.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Cockroach density seasonal fluctuation in Tai'an city

Objective To grasp the cockroach density and its seasonal fluctuation in Tai'an city,and provide scientific evidence for cockroaches control. Methods Cockroaches were captured with sticky cockroach paper. Results A total of 12 504 cockroaches were captured from 2010 to 2012 in Tai'an city,the average cockroach density was 1. 67 insects per sheet,the dominant species was Blattella germanica( 83. 52%). The highest cockroach density appeared in farmers' markets followed by catering services,the hospital,the hotel and residence community. The fluctuations of the cockroach density followed a single-peaked curve,and the peak appeared in July. Conclusion The characteristics of the cockroach population density in Tai'an city and the seasonal fluctuation therein are basically revealed. The integrated measures should be taken to reduce the density of cockroach and strengthen the surveillance of cockroach.
Neuroimmune interactions: role for cholinergic neurons in intestinal anaphylaxis.

The role of cholinergic neurons in mediating chloride secretion in anaphylaxis was assessed in muscle-stripped segments of distal colon from guinea pigs immunized to bovine milk. beta-Lactoglobulin...
Impact of different initialisation methods on the quality of sea forecasts for the Sicily Channel

An operational ocean forecasting system provided numerical predictions on the main hydrodynamics in the seas around Sicily. The system is evaluated using an independent dataset of sea surface tempe...
Recent developments in sexually transmitted diseases: chancroid-epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment

The most important recent developments concerning chancroid have been in its epidemiology (a tremendous increase in the incidence of the disease in the United States over the past several years), diagnosis (better culture media), and treatment (several newer and older drugs that have been shown to be effective against chancroid in recent studies).
Introduction: globalization, imagination, and the novel

One of the greatest paradoxes of contemporary culture is that at a time when the image reigns supreme the very notion of a creative human imagination seems under mounting threat. We no longer appear to know who exactly produces or controls the images which condition our consciousness. We are at an impasse where the very rapport between imagination and reality seems not only inverted but subverted altogether. We cannot be sure which is which. And this very undecidability lends weight to the deepening suspicion that we may well be assisting at a wake of imagination. Richard Kearney, The Wake of Imagination The image, the imagined, the imaginary – these are all terms that direct us to something critical and new in global cultural processes: the imagination as a social practice . No longer mere fantasy (opium for the masses whose real work is elsewhere), no longer simple escape (from a world defined principally by more concrete purposes and structures), no longer elite pastime (thus not relevant to the lives of ordinary people), and no longer mere contemplation (irrelevant for new forms of desire and subjectivity), the imagination has become an organized field of social practices, a form of work (in the sense of both labor and culturally organized practice), and a form of negotiation between sites of agency (individuals) and globally defined fields of possibility. This unleashing of the imagination links the play of pastiche (in some settings) to the terror and coercion of states and their competitors. The imagination is now central to all forms of agency, is itself a social fact, and is the key component of the new global order.[…]
Parting Thoughts: A Systemic Paradigm of Empathy in Patient Care and Future Directions

Empathy in health professions education and patient care is viewed from a broader and more comprehensive perspective of systems theory. In a systemic paradigm of empathy in patient care, the contributions of major subsets of the system (e.g., clinician-related, nonclinician-related, social learning, and education) and their related elements to clinical encounters that lead to functional or dysfunctional system outcomes are discussed. An agenda for future research is outlined which includes: (1) exploration of additional components of empathy in the context of health professions education and patient care; (2) the investigation of additional variables that are beneficial or detrimental to empathy in patient care; (3) consideration of empathy as a criterion for admissions, selection, and employment; (4) the study of empathy as a predictor of career choice, academic and professional success; (5) the development and evaluation of approaches to enhance and sustain empathy in health professions education and patient care; (6) development of approaches to maximize empathy and regulate sympathy; (7) the development of national norm tables and cutoff scores to identify JSE high and low scorers; (8) consideration of patients’ and peers’ perspectives in outcomes of empathy research; and (9) further explorations of neurological underpinnings of empathy. It is suggested that implementation of remedies for enhancing and sustaining empathy is a mandate that must be acted upon, not only by academic medical centers but by all other educational institutions.
Museum/space/discourse: analyzing discourse in three dimensions in Denver’s History Colorado Center

Museums have recently gained attention from cultural geographers as important sites of cultural production and reproduction. Within this growing field of ‘museum geographies’, we focus on how disco...
A Review on Security Techniques for Protecting Data in Cloud Computing

A great deal has changed in the cloud industry since 2000 when Peak 10 opened its first data center. The cloud is no longer just an interesting way to reduce IT costs. Today, it is about transforming businesses, gaining extreme competitive advantage, interacting directly with customers in real time, and dozens of other game-changing possibilities. With the increasing number of companies resorting to use resources in the Cloud, there is a necessity for protecting the data of various users using centralized resources. Some major challenges that are being faced by Cloud Computing are to secure, protect and process the data which is the property of the user. This paper explain some traditional approach and advanced approach to secure Keywords: Cloud, Cloud Computing, Security, Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a Service
Maximizing reimbursement, maintaining quality, decreasing exposure and more with myocardial perfusion imaging: A literature review

2821 Objectives /b> Recent advancements in other modalities challenge the necessity of nuclear stress tests for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. With myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) representing the majority of studies in nuclear medicine, recent and upcoming changes to healthcare reimbursement policies, and increasing concern about medical radiation exposure, there is a need to reassess how myocardial perfusion imaging is performed. The purpose of this study is to determine the best MPI protocol in regards to cost effectiveness while simultaneously maintaining quality, decreasing radiation exposure, and improving patient satisfaction. Peer-reviewed journal articles and information from public access websites was analyzed to conduct this study. Most articles that were used were published between 2009-2016 and come from either the Journal of Nuclear Medicine, the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, Circulation, or the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology. Some websites that were used include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, General Electric (GE), and Cardinal Health websites. Data suggests that a stress/rest protocol utilizing computed tomography attenuation correction (CTAC), a solid-state detector camera system, and new iterative reconstruction software will reduce overall costs, time, and exposure while increasing diagnostic quality and patient satisfaction. Updating the protocols and equipment used in nuclear cardiology departments may allow for the continued success of MPI as the first-line evaluation of coronary artery disease Methods - Results - Conclusions -
Promoting Campus Cycling for Outdoor Recreation and Transportation: Investigating Factors Influencing Student Bicycle Usage on a Large, Southeastern University from an Ecological Perspective

Biking is a popular recreational activity, and understanding how to promote participation is important to college health and recreation professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine factors contributing to cycling behaviors on one large college campus from an ecological perspective. Students were surveyed at a southeastern university in 2014 (n = 3 56). The survey instrument included intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional predictors of cycling practices. The predictors of cycling engagement included gender, ethnicity, and race and also intrapersonal and interpersonal variables that predispose participation. This inquiry was intended to offer insights to guide the planning and implementation of targeted, multilevel cycling promotion programming for the campus community to increase commuting options and create opportunities for outdoor recreation involving bicycling. This study identified factors that facilitate or hinder university campus cycling as well as demographic predictors of cycling behavior.
Coarse muscovite veins and alteration deep in the Yerington batholith, Nevada: insights into fluid exsolution in the roots of porphyry copper systems

Veins and pervasive wall-rock alteration composed of coarse muscovite±quartz±pyrite are documented for the first time in a porphyritic granite at Luhr Hill in the Yerington District, Nevada. Coarse muscovite at Luhr Hill occurs at paleodepths of ~6–7 km in the roots of a porphyry copper system and crops out on the scale of tens to hundreds of meters, surrounded by rock that is unaltered or variably altered to sodic-calcic assemblages. Coarse muscovite veins exhibit a consistent orientation, subvertical and N-S striking, which structurally restores to subhorizontal at the time of formation. Along strike, coarse muscovite veins swell from distal, millimeter-thick muscovite-only veinlets to proximal, centimeter-thick quartz-sulfide-bearing muscovite veins. Crosscutting relationships between coarse muscovite veins, pegmatite dikes, and sodic-calcic veins indicate that muscovite veins are late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal features predating final solidification of the Luhr Hill porphyritic granite. Fluid inclusions in the muscovite-quartz veins are high-density aqueous inclusions of ~3–9 wt% NaCl eq. and <1 mol% CO2 that homogenize between ~150 and 200 °C, similar to fluid inclusions from greisen veins in Sn-W-Mo vein systems. Our results indicate that muscovite-forming fluids at Luhr Hill were mildly acidic, of low to moderate salinity and sulfur content and low CO2 content, and that muscovite in deep veins and alteration differs in texture, composition, and process of formation from sericite at shallower levels of the hydrothermal system. Although the definition of greisen is controversial, we suggest that coarse muscovite alteration is more similar to alteration in greisen-type Sn-W-Mo districts worldwide than to sericitic alteration at higher levels of porphyry copper systems. The fluids that form coarse muscovite veins and alteration in the roots of porphyry copper systems are distinct from fluids that formed copper ore or widespread, shallower, acidic alteration. We propose that this style of veins and alteration at Luhr Hill represents degassing of moderate volumes of overpressured hydrothermal fluid during late crystallization of deep levels of the Yerington batholith.
Cultural multilevel selection suggests neither large or small cooperative agreements are likely to solve climate change without changing the game

Global climate change, one of the most formidable sustainability problems facing humanity, is a particularly challenging collective action problem, because it is global, requiring the cooperation of all or most countries. Efforts to foster global cooperation on mitigating climate change have centered on large international agreements, with limited success. As a consequence, some have suggested that the problem could be better solved through a “building blocks” approach, where smaller numbers of states form multiple cooperative agreements, called “climate clubs”. Recently, sustainability scientists have applied a Cultural Multilevel Selection (CMLS) Framework to a variety of sustainability problems. The CMLS Framework suggests that sustainability problems requiring collective action can often be solved through competition at a higher level of organization. For example, collective action problems arising within a fishing village could be solved through competition between villages. Here, I apply the CMLS Framework to global climate change. I show that, while higher level selection may solve smaller scale sustainability problems, it cannot solve truly global problems like climate change. I also show that multilevel selection based on climate clubs is unlikely to foster cooperation in the way that some existing models suggest. I also suggest that a potential solution to climate change may be eliminating the collective action problem altogether through investment in technological innovation that might make fossil fuels costlier than their alternatives.
A Role for Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) in the Formation of Social Memories and the Stabilization of Mood.

The most recently discovered 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family is the Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) family, which is encoded by a single gene PDE11A. PDE11A is a dual-specific PDE, breaking down both cAMP and cGMP. There are four PDE11A splice variants (PDE11A1-4) with distinct tissue expression profiles and unique N-terminal regulatory regions, suggesting that each isoform could be individually targeted with a small molecule or biologic. PDE11A4 is the PDE11A isoform expressed in brain and is found in the hippocampal formation of humans and rodents. Studies in rodents show that PDE11A4 mRNA expression in brain is, in fact, restricted to the hippocampal formation (CA1, possibly CA2, subiculum, and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal area). Within the hippocampal formation of rodents, PDE11A4 protein is expressed in neurons but not astrocytes, with a distribution across nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane compartments. This subcellular localization of PDE11A4 is altered in response to social experience in mouse, and in vitro studies show the compartmentalization of PDE11A4 is controlled, at least in part, by homodimerization and N-terminal phosphorylation. PDE11A4 expression dramatically increases in the hippocampus with age in the rodent hippocampus, from early postnatal life to late aging, suggesting PDE11A4 function may evolve across the lifespan. Interestingly, PDE11A4 protein shows a three to tenfold enrichment in the rodent ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP; a.k.a. anterior in primates) versus dorsal hippocampal formation (DHIPP). Consistent with this enrichment in VHIPP, studies in knockout mice show that PDE11A regulates the formation of social memories and the stabilization of mood and is a critical mechanism by which social experience feeds back to modify the brain and subsequent social behaviors. PDE11A4 likely controls behavior by regulating hippocampal glutamatergic, oxytocin, and cytokine signaling, as well as protein translation. Given its unique tissue distribution and relatively selective effects on behavior, PDE11A may represent a novel therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, or age-related disorders. Therapeutically targeting PDE11A4 may be a way to selectively restore aberrant cyclic nucleotide signaling in the hippocampal formation while leaving the rest of the brain and periphery untouched, thus, relieving deficits while avoiding unwanted side effects.
Young People and Public Space in Africa: Past and Present

Today, in African contexts, young people are triply positioned: in environments of crisis (of multiple causes, forms, and consequences) they have come to constitute significant actors and resources, as well as the central concern, within the continent that has been shaken by eruptions of violence, social and political movements, and cultural and democratic projects. In these, young men and women have been both the principal perpetrators and the principal victims.
Quantitative Assessment of Emergent Spartina Alterniflora Biomass in Tidal Wetlands Using Remote Sensing

Modeling and other techniques applied to quantitative assessment of wetland energy and nutrient flux depend, in part, upon accurate data on vegetative species composition and primary production. Remote-sensing techniques have been applied to mapping of emergent wetland vegetation but not to quantitative measurement of emergent plant biomass.