cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clustering the Space of Maximum Parsimony Reconciliations in the Duplication-Transfer-Loss Model.

Phylogenetic tree reconciliation is widely used in the fields of molecular evolution, cophylogenetics, parasitology, and biogeography for studying the evolutionary histories of pairs of entities. Reconciliation is often performed using maximum parsimony under the DTL (Duplication-Transfer-Loss) event model. Since the number of maximum parsimony reconciliations (MPRs) can be exponential in the sizes of the trees, an important problem is that of finding a small number of representative reconciliations. We give a polynomial time algorithm that can be used to find the cluster representatives of the space of MPRs with respect to a number of different clustering algorithms and specified number of clusters.
Complexity in the spatial utilization of rangelands: Pastoral mobility in the Horn of Africa

Abstract Extensive movement is a key strategy for pastoralists to ensure adequate forage intake for livestock while distributing grazing pressure throughout the landscape. However, the complexity of pastoral mobility was overgeneralized in previous research, which often leads to sedentarization-oriented policy-making. Based on continuous GPS-tracking of cattle movement over seven months and pastoralist knowledge of mobility, we investigated spatial rangeland utilization patterns in five study sites across the Borana Zone of southern Ethiopia. By quantifying the extent of movement, density of utilization, and recursive use of rangelands, we found highly diverse mobility patterns and resource-use strategies even within a single study region. Rather than the central-place model, pastoral mobility patterns in Borana can be characterized using restrictive, semi-extensive, or extensive herding models. The research findings suggest that sedentarization largely results in compromised mobility. Thus, we recommend both intra- and inter-community coordination to reduce recursive use of rangelands and mitigate degradation.
Evolution of Process Systems Engineering and Future Trends in Research

Abstract In this talk, we first give a brief historical account of the evolution of the area of Process Systems Engineering. Starting with the pioneering vision of Professor Roger Sargent and the pioneering book by Professor Dale Rudd in the 1960’s, we briefly summarize the major developments and advances that have taken place over the last 50 years in process simulation, process control, optimization, process synthesis and process operations. We highlight in each of these areas the key concepts and contributions that have emerged. Furthermore, we will show that many of these developments, which have a strong foundation in fundamentals of chemical engineering, numerical analysis, systems and control theory, mathematical programming, computer science and management science, have had significant impact in industry. Next, we outline some of the future research challenges in Process Systems Engineering. These include energy systems, sustainability, process intensification, smart manufacturing, materials design, and systems biology. Aside from leading to challenging research problems that might benefit from new tools like big-data and machine learning, we argue that progress in future research areas will still rely on research advances in the basics and fundamentals of Process Systems Engineering.
Usefulness of Intravenous Sodium Nitrite During Resuscitation for the Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

It is hypothesized that intravenous (IV) sodium nitrite given during resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) will improve survival. We performed a phase 1 open-label study of IV sodium nitrite given during resuscitation of 120 patents with OHCA from ventricular fibrillation or nonventricular fibrillation initial rhythms by Seattle Fire Department paramedics. A total of 59 patients received 25 mg (low) and 61 patients received 60 mg (high) of sodium nitrite during resuscitation from OHCA. Treatment effects were compared between high- and low-dose nitrite groups, and all patients in a concurrent local Emergency Medical Services registry of OHCA. Whole blood nitrite levels were measured in 97 patients. The rate of return of spontaneous circulation (48% vs 49%), rearrest in the field (15% vs 25%), use of norepinephrine (12% vs 12%), first systolic blood pressure (124 ± 32 vs 125 ± 38 mm Hg), survival to discharge (23.7% vs 16.4%), and neurologically favorable survival (18.6% vs 11.5%) were not significantly different in the low and high nitrite groups. There were no significant differences in these outcomes among patients who received IV nitrite compared with concurrent registry controls. We estimate that 60 mg achieves whole blood nitrite levels of 22 to 38 μM 10 minutes after administration, whereas 25 mg achieves a level of 9 to 16 μM 10 minutes after delivery. In conclusion, administration of IV nitrite is feasible and appears to be safe in patients with OHCA, permitting subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of IV nitrite for the treatment of OHCA.
Filtering and planning for resource-constrained mobile robots

Note: This article is a summary of Tauhidul Alam's full dissertation that was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements to obtain Ph.D. degree in Computer Science, and defended in April 2018 at the Florida International University. This work was advised by Professor Leonardo Bobadilla from the same institution.
Pishtacos . Human fat murderers, structural inequalities, and resistances in Peru

Political, economic, and institutional inequalities have enormous impacts on human problems and people’s everyday lives. They create collective experiences of social suffering that may frequently find release through the production of collective imaginaries. Among Peru’s marginalized populations, ongoing exposure to both historical memories of colonization and oppression, as well as contemporary encounters with injustice, impoverishment, and inequalities, constitute the scenario for the emergence of an evil character: the pishtaco, almost always a powerful stranger who steals the body fat of indigenous and impoverished individuals. The pishtaco, an ambiguous, fluid, and complex figure, represents various aspects of power and violence that are familiar to people in the Andean region of Peru and Bolivia. This paper examines the myth of pishtaco in Peru, arising from experiences of colonial rule up to the present media news reports and discussions in on-line Peruvian newspaper sites.Keywords: Pishtaco; Structural Inequalities; Resistance; Peru
Cavernous sinus aneurysms: risk of growth over time and risk factors.

Objective Cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms are frequently diagnosed incidentally and the benign natural history of these lesions is well known, but there is limited information assessing the risk of growth in untreated patients. The authors sought to assess and analyze risk factors in patients with cavernous ICA aneurysms and compare them to those of patients with intracranial berry aneurysms in other locations. Methods Data from consecutive patients who were diagnosed with a cavernous ICA aneurysm were retrospectively reviewed. The authors evaluated patients for the incidence of cavernous ICA aneurysm growth and rupture. In addition, the authors analyzed risk factors for cavernous ICA aneurysm growth and compared them to risk factors in a population of patients diagnosed with intracranial berry aneurysms in locations other than the cavernous ICA during the same period. Results In 194 patients with 208 cavernous ICA aneurysms, the authors found a high risk of aneurysm growth (19.2% per patient-year) in patients with large/giant aneurysms. Size was significantly associated with higher risk of growth. Compared to patients with intracranial berry aneurysms in other locations, patients with cavernous ICA aneurysms were significantly more likely to be female and have a lower incidence of hypertension. Conclusions Aneurysms of the cavernous ICA are benign lesions with a negligible risk of rupture but a definite risk of growth. Aneurysm size was found to be associated with aneurysm growth, which can be associated with new onset of symptoms. Serial follow-up imaging of a cavernous ICA aneurysm might be indicated to monitor for asymptomatic growth, especially in patients with larger lesions.
Campus climate comparisons in academic pursuits: How race still matters for African American college students:

Perceptions of social estrangement felt by African American college students can account for group-based inequalities evident in a wide range of educational outcomes. Moreover, racial incidents, oc...
Excitation of higher lying states in a potassium diode-pumped alkali laser

A kinetic model for the performance of a potassium DPAL, including the role of higher lying states, is developed to assess the impact on device efficiency and performance. A rate package for a nine-level kinetic model including recommended rate parameters is solved under steady-state conditions. Energy pooling and far wing absorption populates higher lying states, with single photon and Penning ionization leading to modest potassium dimer ion concentrations. The fraction of the population removed from the basic three levels associated with the standard model is less than 10% for all reasonable laser conditions, including pump intensities up to 100 kW cm $$^{-2}$$ and K densities as high as $$10^{16}$$ cm $$^{-3}$$ . The influence of these effects can largely be mitigated by proper control of the inlet alkali density.
Growth Habits of Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) Layers and Nanowires over Stranski–Krastanov Indium Arsenide Quantum Dots

Bismuth selenide layers and nanowires have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on self-assembled Stranski–Krastanov InAs quantum dots of different sizes and densities on GaAs substrates. The size ...
Non-surgical therapy on skull simple depressed fractures in neonate

Objective The purpose of this study is to offer a rational principle for neonate suffering from skull simple depressed fractures through the investigation of non-surgical therapy and relevant references review.Methods Between August 1997 and February 2012,total 11 neonates underwent non-surgical treatment in our department and better efficacy was found in them.Their clinical data was reviewed and analyzed.All of them were diagnosed as skull depressed fractures in post-born and admitted once definite diagnosis.The depressed depth ranged from 0.3 cm to 1.0 cm in depth and 6 of them were more than 0.5 cm.4 cases were found to be complicated with intracranial hemorrhage,only 1 case presented nervous symptoms.10 cases underwent the conservative therapy and vacuum extraction was performed in 1 case.Results Spontaneous restoration was observed in 10 patients within a period ranging from 1 to 7 months and no neurological deficits was found in them.1 case who underwent vacuum extraction recovered without complications.Conclusions non-surgical therapy can be a reasonable option for neonates with skull simple depressed fractures.Under the situation of safety,vacuum extraction is also an approach in therapy of neonate with deeper depressions,which contributes to relieve anxieties to their family. Key words: Infant, newborn; Skull fractures; Therapy
High Speed Nanoantenna Thermopiles for Long-Wave Infrared Detection

We study thermoelectric signal generation by suspended nanoantenna thermopiles in response to amplitude-modulated long-wave infrared radiation. We experimentally demonstrate response times on the order of a few μs with a signal bandwidth of about 200 kHz. Analytical calculation and simulation results show that the limiting factor of the response time is not the inverse RC time constant of the array but rather the thermal response of the nanostructure.
Recurrent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the parietal scalp

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a rare and aggressive subtype of sarcomas defined by their neural origin. Head and neck manifestations are particularly uncommon. Challenges exist in diagnosis, management, and recurrence. Achieving local control, particularly in the head and neck region, is difficult. We present a patient with a rapidly enlarging MPNST on the right parietal calvarium shortly after resection of a right vagus nerve MPNST. Recommendation was made for excision and reconstruction with a local advancement flap followed by radiation therapy. Local control with good aesthetic outcome was achieved by applying recommended surgical and oncologic principles.
Benzodiazepines and hypnotics

Abstract Insomnia can result in impaired daytime functioning and reduced quality of life. Effective treatment is important to reduce suffering. Drug treatment with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs is effective for the management of short-term insomnia but the duration of treatment should be kept to a minimum because of their associated adverse effects. Treatment should be withdrawn gradually to reduce risks of rebound anxiety, other distressing symptoms, confusion and convulsions. Melatonin is an alternative hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia in individuals aged >55 years.
Through space and time: Predicting numbers of an eruptive pine tree pest and its predator under changing climate conditions

Abstract Forest biotic populations and communities are undergoing irreversible changes due to climatic perturbations, and these effects may be exacerbated by insect pests. In the southeastern United States (U.S.), Dendroctonus frontalis is one of the most important forest pests that can cause substantial tree mortality over large geographic areas. As life-history of D. frontalis is dependent on environmental conditions, our objective was to determine the effects of climatic variables on the species occurrence of D. frontalis and their main predator, Thanasimus dubius. U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service beetle trapping data (proxy for true abundance) for 2014–2018 were assessed with nine climatic variables including: (1) average monthly minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures; (2) mean winter temperature; (3) minimum, maximum and mean annual temperature; and (4) cumulative winter and annual precipitation. Variable selection was performed using least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO), and selected variables were fit to varying coefficient generalized additive models (GAMs). Minimum temperatures for February and March and maximum temperatures for January and prior year August were found to have a significant effect on D. frontalis numbers, and model accuracy was ~89%. Beetle suitability was assessed for 1981–2100 under three different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP). The model indicated that the suitability of D. frontalis has increased from 1981 to 2019 in certain regions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia, while Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee, East Texas, and Virginia had low suitability. Future projections indicated comparable D. frontalis numbers to current numbers under the lowest SSP of 2.1 °C by year 2100, but D. frontalis may decrease under higher warming projections. The same climatic predictors influenced T. dubius, except average September maximum temperature replaced August maximum temperatures in the model. Understanding how these abiotic factors influence forest pest populations may better guide prevention and management practices aimed at identifying high risk areas and reducing pest outbreaks.
Maternal Food and Beverage Consumption Behaviors and Discrepant Phthalate Exposure by Race.

Background: Differential exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including phthalate diesters, may contribute to persistent racial/ethnic disparities in women’s reproductive health outcomes. We sought to characterize sources of gestational exposure to these agents that may differ according to maternal race. Methods: We enrolled pregnant Black (n = 198), including African American, and White (n = 197) women during the second trimester, and measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites in urine. We assessed confounder-adjusted associations between multiple food and beverage consumption habits, summarized using a principal component analysis, as predictors of maternal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, stratified by race. Results: Whites reported significantly greater unprocessed food consumption (42.5% vs. 32.0%; p < 0.001) and storage of food in clear unbreakable plastic containers (66.5% vs. 49.3%; p < 0.001) than Blacks, while Blacks consumed more canned fruits and vegetables (23.5% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.001) than Whites. Using plastics for food storage, microwaving in plastic containers, and using hard plastic water bottles was associated with urinary phthalate concentrations, especially DEHP metabolites (e.g., mean difference = 5.13%; 95% CI: 3.05, 7.25). These associations were driven primarily by Black pregnant women. Conclusions: Targeted interventions to reduce maternal exposure to phthalates need to be designed with specific attention to differences in food and beverage consumption behaviors among Black and White women.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Clinical Review

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with significant morbidity. The causes of EDS are varied, and include inadequate sleep, sleep disordered breathing, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and central disorders of hypersomnolence (narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin syndrome). Additionally, EDS could represent a symptom of an underlying medical or psychiatric disorder. Assessment of EDS includes a thorough sleep, medical, and psychiatric history, targeted clinical examination, and appropriate use of actigraphy to measure sleep duration and sleep-wake patterns, polysomnography to assess for associated conditions such as sleep-related breathing disorders or other factors that might disrupt nighttime sleep, multiple sleep latency testing to ascertain objective sleepiness and diagnose central disorders of hypersomnolence, and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 concentration. Treatment of EDS secondary to central disorders of hypersomnolence is primarily pharmacologic with wakefulness-promoting agents such as modafinil, stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, and newer agents specifically designed to improve wakefulness; behavioral interventions can provide a useful adjunct to pharmacologic treatment. When excessive sleepiness is secondary to other conditions, the treatment should focus on targeting the primary disorder. This review discusses current epidemiology, provides guidance on clinical assessments and testing, and discusses the latest treatment options. For this review, we collated the latest evidence using the search terms excessive sleepiness, hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, treatment from PubMed and MEDLINE and the latest practice parameters from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Teaching comprehension of double-meaning jokes to young children.

Various forms of humor are an important aspect of social interactions, even at an early age. Humor comprehension is a repertoire that is said to emerge between the ages of 7 and 11 years, and this is primarily attributed to a child's level of cognitive development. The behavioral literature has suggested that various forms of complex verbal behavior, including the use and comprehension of humor, are learned operants that can be taught using systematic teaching procedures. The current study used multiple exemplar training and a three-step error correction procedure to teach comprehension of double-meaning jokes to 4 children (2 females and 2 males) aged between 5 and 6.5 years old. All participants demonstrated humor comprehension and appreciation, across multiple exemplars, following training, and maintained this at follow-up. Implications for use with clinical populations are discussed.
The nature of bubble entrapment in a Lamb–Oseen vortex

Bubble trajectories in the presence of a decaying Lamb–Oseen vortex are calculated using a modified Maxey–Riley equation. Some bubbles are shown to get trapped within the vortex in quasi-equilibrium states. All the trapped bubbles exit the vortex at a time that is only a function of the Galilei number and the vortex Reynolds number. The set of initial bubble locations that lead to entrapment is numerically determined to show the capturing potential of a single vortex. The results provide insight into the likelihood of bubble entrapment within vortical structures in turbulent flows.
Bone, Biomarker, Body Composition, and Performance Responses to 8 Weeks of ROTC Training.

Context Military personnel engage in vigorous exercise, often resulting in higher bone mineral density; however, lower leg bone injuries are common in this population. Predictors of change in tibial bone quality and strength need to be characterized in this high-risk population. Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of an eight-week military training intervention on total body and site-specific bone density and tibial bone quality, serum biomarkers (parathyroid hormone and sclerostin), body composition, and physical performance. Additionally, we sought to investigate what outcome variables (biomarkers, body composition, physical performance) would be predictive of estimated tibial bone strength in college-aged Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) members. Design Prospective Cohort Study. Setting XXX University. Patients of Other Participants: ROTC (n=14 male; n=4 female) were matched for sex, age, and body mass to physically active Controls (n=14 male; n=4 female). ROTC engaged in an eight-week training intervention, while physically active Controls made no changes to their exercise routines. Main outcome measures Pre general health questionnaires and pre, mid, and post intervention bone scans (DXA, pQCT), serum blood draws (parathyroid hormone and sclerostin), and physical performance measures (muscle strength and aerobic capacity) were tested. Results ROTC participants exhibited significantly increased hip bone density and content (all p≤0.03) after the eight-week intervention. Sclerostin, not PTH, was a significant positive correlate and predictor in all ROTC models for estimated bone strength at the fracture prone 38% tibial site. Both groups decreased total body and regional fat mass and ROTC increased aerobic capacity (all p≤0.05). Conclusions All bone, body composition, and performance measures either improved or were maintained in response to ROTC training and sclerostin should be further investigated as a potential early indicator of changes in estimated tibial bone strength in military cohorts.
Universals

In this paper, I argue that there are universals. I begin (Sect. 1) by proposing a sufficient condition for a thing’s being a universal. I then argue (Sect. 2) that some truths exist necessarily. Finally, I argue (Sects. 3 and 4) that these truths are structured entities having constituents that meet the proposed sufficient condition for being universals.
Countering PUF Modeling Attacks through Adversarial Machine Learning

A Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) is an effective option for device authentication, especially for IoT frame-works with resource-constrained devices. However, PUFs are vulnerable to modeling attacks which build a PUF model using a small subset of its Challenge-Response Pairs (CRPs). We propose an effective countermeasure against such an attack by employing adversarial machine learning techniques that introduce errors (poison) to the adversary’s model. The approach intermittently provides wrong response for the fed challenges. Coordination among the communicating parties is pursued to prevent the poisoned CRPs from causing the device authentication to fail. The experimental results extracted for a PUF implemented on FPGA demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in thwarting modeling attacks. We also discuss the resiliency of the proposed scheme against impersonation and Sybil attacks.
Strategic Ethnic Ambiguity

Existing research illustrates how electoral incentives shape candidates' decisions to reduce ambiguity by cultivating ethnic identities. Extending this literature, I argue that electoral incentives may instead cause candidates to cultivate ambiguity around their ethnic identity. Drawing on existing theories of policy platform ambiguity, I argue that by cultivating an ambiguous ethnic identity, candidates increase their ability to attract voters across ethnic groups by reducing the aversion they would otherwise face from out-ethnic voters. Accordingly, I argue that candidates will cultivate ambiguous ethnic identities when electoral victory requires attracting voters across ethnic groups. I test these predictions in the context of Brazilian municipal elections where office-seeking Evangelical clergy face the decision to cultivate ambiguous or Evangelical identities via ballot names. I show that these candidates cultivate ambiguous identities when electoral victory requires attracting both Evangelical and non-Evangelical voters and Evangelical identities when victory can be achieved by narrowly targeting Evangelical voters.
Effects of natural organic matter on calcium and phosphorus co-precipitation

Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and natural organic matter (NOM) naturally occur in all aquatic ecosystems. However, excessive P loads can cause eutrophic or hyper-eutrophic conditions in these waters. As a result, P regulation is important for these impaired aquatic systems, and Ca-P co-precipitation is a vital mechanism of natural P removal in many alkaline systems, such as the Florida Everglades. The interaction of P, Ca, and NOM is also an important factor in lime softening and corrosion control, both critical processes of drinking water treatment. Determining the role of NOM in Ca-P co-precipitation is important for identifying mechanisms that may limit P removal in both natural and engineered systems. The main goal of this research is to assess the role of NOM in inhibiting Ca and P co-precipitation by: (1) measuring how Ca, NOM, and P concentrations affect NOM's potential inhibition of co-precipitation; (2) determining the effect of pH; and (3) evaluating the precipitated solids. Results showed that Ca-P co-precipitation occurs at pH 9.5 in the presence of high natural organic matter (NOM) (≈30 mg L(-1)). The supersaturation of calcite overcomes the inhibitory effect of NOM seen at lower pH values. Higher initial P concentrations lead to both higher P precipitation rates and densities of P on the calcite surface. The maximum surface density of co-precipitated P on the precipitated calcite surface increases with increasing NOM levels, suggesting that NOM does prevent the co-precipitation of Ca and P.
Simulation of belt–restrained occupant response in 30 mph barrier impact

A general purpose lumped–mass simulation program CAL30 was used to simulate the belted occupant response in a 30 mph (48 kph) barrier impact environment. The occupant is represented by 14 segments connected by joints, springs and dampers based on the standard Hybrid III test dummy structure. Algorithms were developed in the CAL3D code to model the 3–point belt restraint characteristics including anchor deformation and belt slip along the beltline direction. The compliance of each belt component was obtained by conducting an MVSS 210 test with additional instrumentation. The simulation results correlated well with the barrier test data. This model can be used to evaluate various belt design concepts in the early design stage.
Preserving entanglement under perturbation and sandwiching all separable states

Every entangled slate can he perturbed and stay entangled. For a large class of pure entangled states, which includes all bipartite and all maximally entangled ones, we show how large the perturbation can be. Maximally entangled states can be perturbed the most. For each entangled state in our class, we construct hyperplanes which sandwich the set of all separable states. As the number of particles, or the dimensions of the Hilbert spaces for two of the particles increases, the distance between two of these hyperplanes goes to zero.
Economic burden of cardiovascular disease associated with excess body weight in U.S. adults.

Background: Excess body weight (EBW), which continues to become more prevalent, is a clear contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death and disability among U.S. adults. Information on the economic impact of CVD associated with EBW is lacking, however. Objective: To estimate the direct medical costs of CVD associated with EBW. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of direct medical costs by linking the 1995 National Health Interview Survey and the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The study subjects are adults (aged ≥25 years, excluding pregnant women) in the non-institutionalized, civilian population in 1996. Results: The prevalence of CVD among people in the normal weight (body mass index [BMI] ≥18.5 to <25), overweight (BMI ≥25 to <30), and obese (BMI ≥30) groups was 20%, 28%, and 39%, respectively. There were 12.95 million CVD cases among overweight people, more than 25% of which was associated with overweight. There were 9.3 million CVD cases among obese people, of which more than 45% was associated with obesity. This extra disease burden led to $22.17 billion in direct medical costs in 1996 ($31 billion in 2001 dollars, 17% of the total direct medical cost of treating CVD). Conclusions: The strong positive association between EBW and CVD, and the significant economic impact of EBW-associated CVD demonstrate the need to prevent EBW among U.S. adults.
A novel high precision temperature sensor

Presented in this paper is a novel temperature sensor architecture in which we have been able to demonstrate a good temperature measurement accuracy and consistent part to part linearity. This architecture addresses the need for increasingly precise temperature sensors whether stand-alone or embedded within a standard mixed signal process. Also presented is the architectural principle implemented on a standard 0.18μm CMOS process demonstrating better than ±1.5°C accuracy over a −40 to 125°C temperature range without the need of any accurate oil bath calibration.
Desiderata for a Viable Secular Humanism

Philip Kitcher has recently worried that the New Atheists, by mounting an attack against religion tout court, risk alienating a large swath of ‘religious’ people whose way of life is, to Kitcher's mind, innocuous. Encouraging a more moderate response, Kitcher thinks certain non-threatening modes of religious existence should be protected. In this article, I argue that while Kitcher's attempt to provide balance to the secularism debate is a great service, he ultimately fails to distinguish innocuous modes of religious belief from more threatening modes, a failing that allows the debate to return to its previous extremes. In drawing attention to the shortcomings of Kitcher's approach, I make the humanist's argumentative burden explicit: the defender of a ‘moderate’ secular humanism must show that people who arrange their lives around belief in a transcendent being are more likely to do ethical harm than those that don't.
Memoria y nostalgia en "Medianoche en París" de Woody Allen

Abstract: Woody Allen´s recent "Midnight in Paris" describes a Paris that has as many identities as there are observers to ascribe them. Indeed, there is no one, true Paris that everyone objectively shares; Paris, in Allen´s film, exists only in the phenomenology of the observers perception, a perception often marred and made unreliable by an escapist need to withdraw from the present in order to take shelter in a glorified, utopian past. Allen thus criticizes the nostalgic impulse, the "Golden-Age thinking" (as it is called in the film) that forces various characters simultaneously to inhabit two worlds, that of a prelapsarian past and that of the fallen present. His protagonist´s journey back and forth between the present and the idealized Roaring Twenties is everyman´s journey, the sometimes surreal voyage between reality and imagination, between the world actually inhabited and the world artificially constructed for oneself. Yet it is when Allen´s protagonist finally discovers nostalgia within his nostalgia, a longing within his longing, that he recognizes the flawed thinking behind his almost mythologized perception of the past, reflecting everyman´s realization that the past is ultimately the expression of our present needs.
Blood Lipids in Young and Old Individuals

We find, then, an increase in cholesterol serum level with age up to about 50 in the males and 60 in the females and decrease with further increase in age to values close to that of young individuals; there is a somewhat similar change in the total fatty acids and a less marked change in the poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of either the cholesterol or poly-unsaturated acids does not show this change but is relatively constant for the cholesterol and shows a steady decrease with age for the unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicate that ratios are more dependent upon the absolute lipid values than on age per se.
Skin Wound Healing and Scarring: Fetal Wounds and Regenerative Restitution

The adverse physiological and psychological effects of scars formation after healing of wounds are broad and a major medical problem for patients. In utero, fetal wounds heal in a regenerative manner, though the mechanisms are unknown. Differences in fetal scarless regeneration and adult repair can provide key insight into reduction of scarring therapy. Understanding the cellular and extracellular matrix alterations in excessive adult scarring in comparison to fetal scarless healing may have important implications. Herein, we propose that matrix can be controlled via cellular therapy to resemble a fetal-like matrix that will result in reduced scarring.
The effect of nigral implantation on sensitization to dopamine agonists in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats

The implantation of fetal nigral tissue into the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease is a promising approach to treatment which may produce clinical benefit partly by influencing drug responsiveness. The purpose of the present study was to determine the pharmacological mechanisms which drug response changes by measuring to what extent sensitization produced by repeated apomorphine treatment was attenuated by tissue implantation in rats with nigrostriatal lesions. Prior to implantation of nigral cell suspensions, the daily administration of apomorphine to rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions produced a progressive increase in the magnitude and duration of rotational behaviour. After implantation, apomorphine-induced rotational effects were reduced to levels observed upon the initial exposure to drug and did not increase following repeated treatment. Attenuated responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists were also observed after implantation. In vehicle-implanted rats, the initial response to apomorphine was attenuated but then increased following repeated apomorphine administration. No attenuation in responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists was observed in this group. Cell suspensions prepared from fresh and cyropreserved tissue produced similar behavioural effects, even though the volume of transplanted striatum exhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase activity was greater with fresh tissue. The duration of rotational behaviour induced by apomorphine was not affected by cell implantation. These findings suggest that the expression of sensitization in an animal model of parkinsonism may disappear after a period without drug treatment. Implantation of nigral tissue may produce beneficial results in parkinsonism by limiting the development of dopamine agonist-induced sensitization.
Finite amplitude convection in a conditionally unstable stagnant air mass

The steady-state non-linear equations of motion and heat transport for a conditionally unstable stagnant air mass between two plane horizontal boundaries are solved as a power series of a parameter of instability for the region of vertically upward motion of a disturbance symmetric about a vertical axis. For such a disturbance, which is known from previous studies to have the dimension of a typical cumulus cloud, it is shown that the magnitudes of the different velocity components in the state of maximum development will depend on the assumed values of the kinematic coefficient of eddy viscosity and the Prandtl number. Examples are given with some assumed values of these parameters in which the first term of the power series is calculated. The calculated values of the maximum vertical velocity seem to be of the same order of magnitude as in a typical cumulus cloud of moderate intensity. It is also seen that the disturbance will develop a component of the tangential velocity independent of height, which will be of the second order. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00156.x
NONSYSTEMIC VASCULITIC NEUROPATHY

Among 65 patients with necrotizing vasculitis, 45 had systemic and 20 had nonsystemic vascuhtic neuropathy. In nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy, clinically only nerves are affected; there are no, or few, constitutional symptoms or serological abnormalities. The clinical and pathological features are those of an ischaemic neuropathy caused by a necrotizing vasculitis of small arterioles. These 20 patients had neuropathic symptoms for a median time of 11.5 yrs (range 1–35 yrs). The clinical pattern of neuropathy was that of multiple mononeuropathy in 13, asymmetric neuropathy in 4, distal polyneuropathy in 3, and sensory polyneuropathy in 1. As compared with their initial evaluation, 8 are now worse, 5 are better, 4 are approximately the same, and 3 are dead from unrelated causes. Prednisone was thought to prevent the development of new lesions in some cases. By contrast, of the 41 patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis whose outcome is known, 12 are dead (median time, 1.5 yrs, range 3 months-8yrs) and 29 are alive (median time, 6 yrs, range 6 months-22 yrs).
Isolation and characterization of a homogeneous acid phosphatase from catfish liver

Abstract 1. 1. A homogeneous, tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase (AcPase) was obtained from the liver of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) by the use of Affi Gel-10-coupled aminohexyltartramic acid affinity chromatography. 2. 2. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 82,500 and is a dimer consisting of two apparently equivalent subunits with subunit weights of 35,000 ± 3000. Amino acid composition data are presented and compared with those of mammalian acid phosphatases. 3. 3. Data suggest that the enzyme is a metalloacid phosphatase. 4. 4. Catfish liver AcPase exhibits two molecular forms with pI 5.66 and 5.37 which were separated by chromatofocusing. 5. 5. A spontaneous conversion of the less acidic form to a more acidic form was observed and this conversion was accompanied by a decreased sensitivity towards tartrate inhibition.
A new spin on acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device support

33. Tsai HM, Sussman II, Ginsburg D, Lankhof H, Sixma JJ, Nagel RL. Proteolytic cleavage of recombinant type 2A von Willebrand factor mutants R834W and R834Q: inhibition by doxycycline and by monoclonal antibody VP-1. Blood. 1997;89:1954-62. 34. Kircik LH. Doxycycline and minocycline for the management of acne: a review of efficacy and safety with emphasis on clinical implications. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9:1407-11.
STUDIES OF PALEOZOIC MARATTIALEANS: THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF EOANGIOPTERIS GOODII SP. N.

Eoangiopteris goodii sp. n. is described from Upper Pennsylvanian coal balls from Ohio (Shade locality) containing isolated pecopterid pinnules approx. 7 x 9 mm that bear up to 20 linear synangia on the lower surface. The synangia extend at right angles from the midrib to the downturned pinnule margins and measure 2.0-3.5 mm in length. Individual synangia are compact and are composed of 10-19 sporangia that have their bases embedded in an elongate parenchymatous pad. In longitudinal section sporangia measure 0.4 x 2.0 mm and have acute elongate, curved apices. Spores average 70 ,um in diam and are most similar to the dispersed spore genus Verrucosisporites. Eoangiopteris goodii differs from the generitype E. andrewsii Mamay in its greater size, pinnule histology, and spore type. Sporangium wall complexity and spore type of the two presently known species of Eoangiopteris are considered to be at about the same evolutionary level as the more primitive species of Scolecopteris. Construction of the synangia in Eoangiopteris is different from that of Scolecopteris and indicates that at least two evolutionary lines are recognizable within the Pennsylvanian Marattiales.
There's No Place like Home: Nonmigration and Civic Engagement:

Demographic stability in local areas is achieved by maintaining a population core that does not move. However, relatively little is known about contextual factors related to nonmigration. What rese...
Association of Body Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents

Background—Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adults and less favorable cardiovascular risk factor status in children and adolescents. In adults, fat distribution has been shown to be related to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, blood pressure levels, and left ventricular mass. These relationships have not been extensively studied in young subjects. Methods and Results—This was a cross-sectional study of 127 children and adolescents 9 to 17 years of age. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total and regional fat mass. The dependent variables were fasting lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and left ventricular mass. There were significant (P<0.05) univariate correlations between fat distribution and log triglycerides (r=0.27), log HDL cholesterol (r=−0.23), systolic blood pressure (r=0.26), and left ventricular mass (r=0.37). Multiple regression analysis showed that the significant independent correlates for...
Hand hygiene rates unaffected by installation of dispensers of a rapidly acting hand antiseptic.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to improve health care workers' compliance with hand hygiene after patient contact by use of an alcohol-based hand antiseptic. Design and Methods: Six commercially available alcohol-based hand antiseptics were evaluated. The one most pleasing to the evaluators' hands was selected for the study. Baseline handwashing rates were assessed on 2 medical wards. Alcohol dispensers were mounted by every door on the 2 wards. An educational campaign was conducted with 4 weekly visits to these floors to remind and reinstruct staff about the use of the alcohol dispensers and to address questions. After 2 months handwashing rates were reassessed. Setting: The study was set in a university hospital. Results: The baseline handwashing rate was 60% (76/126). Physicians were most compliant (83%), followed by nurses (60%), technologists (56%), and housekeepers (36%). Two months later overall hand hygiene rates had decreased to 52% ( P = .26). Nurses were most compliant (67%), followed by technologists (57%), physicians (29%), and housekeepers (25%). Physician compliance was associated with compliance by attending physicians whose example was usually followed by all other physicians on rounds. Conclusions: A brief educational campaign and installation of dispensers containing a rapidly acting hand hygiene product near hospital rooms did not affect hand hygiene compliance. The behavior of attending physicians was predictive of handwashing rates for all others in the attending's retinue. Compliance with handwashing after half of all patient contacts was a result of perfect compliance by some and total noncompliance by others being observed. (AJIC Am J Infect Control 2000;28:273-6)
High-performance linear algebra algorithms using new generalized data structures for matrices

We present a novel way to produce dense linear algebra factorization algorithms. The current state-of-the-art (SOA) dense linear algebra algorithms have a performance inefficiency, and thus they give suboptimal performance for most LAPACK factorizations. We show that using standard Fortran and C two-dimensional arrays is the main source of this inefficiency. For the other standard format (packed one-dimensional arrays for symmetric and/or triangular matrices), the situation is much worse. We show how to correct these performance inefficiencies by using new data structures (NDS) along with so-called kernel routines. The NDS generalize the current storage layouts for both standard formats. We use the concept of Equivalence and Elementary Matrices along with coordinate (linear) transformations to prove that our method works for an entire class of dense linear algebra algorithms. Also, we use the Algorithms and Architecture approach to explain why our new method gives higher efficiency. The simplest forms of the new factorization algorithms are a direct generalization of the commonly used LINPACK algorithms. On IBM platforms they can be generated from simple, textbook-type codes by the XLF Fortran compiler. On the IBM POWER3 processor, our implementation of Cholesky factorization achieves 92% of peak performance, whereas conventional SOA full-format LAPACK DPOTRF achieves 77% of peak performance. All programming for our NDS can be accomplished in standard Fortran through the use of three- and four-dimensional arrays. Thus, no new compiler support is necessary. Finally, we describe block hybrid formats (BHF). BHF allow one to use no additional storage over conventional (full and packed) matrix storage. This means that new algorithms based on BHF can be used as a backward-compatible replacement for LAPACK or LINPACK algorithms.
Unusual thermal emission from a three-dimensional metallic photonic crystal

We report the observation of unusual thermal radiation at elevated temperatures (T=400-900K) from a three-dimensional metallic photonic-crystal composite that includes a micro-cavity. Upon thermal excitation by a heating element of a large heat-mass and a constant temperature (heat bath), its emissive power at resonant wavelengths exceeds a blackbody’s at nominally the same surface temperature. The possible explanations include, but are not limited to, angular concentration of light emission, slightly lower lattice-temperature for a reference blackbody and also a significant pumping of hot electrons at resonance such that our sample’s electron-temperature is higher than its latticetemperature.
Endocrine regulation of prolactin cell function and modulation of osmoreception in the Mozambique tilapia

Prolactin (PRL) cells of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, are osmoreceptors by virtue of their intrinsic osmosensitivity coupled with their ability to directly regulate hydromineral homeostasis through the actions of PRL. Layered upon this fundamental osmotic reflex is an array of endocrine control of PRL synthesis and secretion. Consistent with its role in fresh water (FW) osmoregulation, PRL release in tilapia increases as extracellular osmolality decreases. The hyposmotically-induced release of PRL can be enhanced or attenuated by a variety of hormones. Prolactin release has been shown to be stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 17-β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain-natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP), PRL-releasing peptide (PrRP), angiotensin II (ANG II), leptin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), ghrelin, and inhibited by somatostatin (SS), urotensin-II (U-II), dopamine, cortisol, ouabain and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This review is aimed at providing an overview of the hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic hormones that regulate PRL release in euryhaline Mozambique tilapia, particularly in the context on how they may modulate osmoreception, and mediate the multifunctional actions of PRL. Also considered are the signal transduction pathways through which these secretagogues regulate PRL cell function.