cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
477 USE OF NATIVE LHRH IN THE TREATMENT OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY

Long-acting LHRH analogues are known to be effective in the suppression of precocious puberty. We used native LHRH administered subcutaneously via a portable infusion pump in an 18-month old male infant with precocious puberty secondary to a hypothalamic tumor. The hormonal data in relation to the therapeutic management is summarized in the table below. The paradoxical rise in testosterone after almost full suppression can be explained on the basis of needle dislodgement because of the increased activity in this patient's age group. From our experience, we conclude and recommend that if LHRH analogues are not available to suppress puberty then native LHRH might be given provided it can be administered continuously.
Current status of fluorescent immunoassays

In 1941 fluorescent compounds were first introduced as immunochemical labels in assay systems. Several forms of quantitative fluorescent immunoassay, which represent a major alternative to radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay, have been developed and are now widely used in many clinical laboratories. This paper discusses these forms and procedures and their advantages over radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay.
Key Neuroanatomical Structures for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment

The neuroanatomical substrate of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has traditionally included the subcortex of the brain, especially sub-frontal white matter circuits, strategic areas of single infarction that may mediate cognitive impairment such as the dominant thalamus or angular gyrus, and the left hemisphere, and bilateral brain infarcts or volume-driven cortical-subcortical infarctions reaching a critical threshold of tissue loss or injury. We provide an update on the neuroanatomical substrates of VCI and emphasize the following structures or areas: (1) new concepts in relation to hippocampal involvement in VCI based on neuropathological and MRI studies of microinfarcts and the role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in possibly mediating or potentiating cognitive impairment; (2) advances in our understanding of cerebral microbleeds; and (3) an update on white matter hyperintensities and small vessel disease.
The effects of certain ecdysteroids and inhibitory amines and amides on the metabolism of 22,25-dideoxyecdysone in cockroach organ cultures

An organ culture assay system using cockroach leg regenerates and fat body has been developed in which compounds that either inhibit molting hormone metabolism or act as molting hormone antagonists can be tested. Representatives of three classes of compounds were tested in the system: ecdysteroids, azasteroids, and nonsteroidal amines and amides. Inhibitory compounds were found in all three of the classes. Certain of these inhibitors represent a new class of insect hormonal compounds with a novel mode of action—the disruption of molting hormone metabolism.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Long-Term-Care Facilities

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Committee on Long-Term Care decided in 1996 that there was need to develop a position document about vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in long-term–care facilities (LTCFs). This document is intended to complement the two previous position statements from our committee that discuss antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in LTCFs. It is designed to supplement Hospital Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee (HICPAC) recommendations and to provide realistic guidelines for the LTCF.
The velocity of verbiage: speed as an element in serving academic library students

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to comment on the enhanced expectation by academic library students who require increased speed of reference and research support, where limited time and increasing distractions are a constant concern. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners. Findings – The speed of access and delivery of information stand as dual support pillars in today’s academic on-ground and digitally driven library setting. The librarian must surely be cognizant of many a customer’s expectation that “instant gratification takes too long”. Originality/value – The value in addressing this issue is to suggest that, while there is an expectation that students will always receive a successful outcome in their reference or research interaction with an academic librarian, students must likewise recognize that quality must not be sacrificed in favor of speed.
Pulmonary hypertension and NO in sickle cell.

To the editor: We are honored that our work merits the attention of Dr Bunn and colleagues[1][1] but disagree with some of their conclusions. Traditional risk factors for vaso-occlusive pain crisis, such as leukocytosis and high hemoglobin levels, incompletely predict vasculopathic events and
Instrumentation for far-ultraviolet rocket spectrophotometry

Abstract The parameters for optimizing the signal strength with grating systems are outlined, and the mechanical, optical, and electronic details of a system which has been flown are described. Spectra of the aurora, of the night sky, and of the dayglow are presented.
FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF HIBERNAL DIAPAUSE IN THE PITCHER‐PLANT MOSQUITO, WYEOMYIA SMITHII

The mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, develops only within the water-filled leaves of the purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, where it overwinters in larval diapause. We reared uniform-aged cohorts in the leaves of intact plants in three environments: near-optimal summer conditions, intentionally stressful summer conditions, and a 23-wk simulated winter. Overwintering W. smithii suffered a 60% loss in fitness (R0), comparable to the 68% loss in fitness imposed by the summer stress. Overwintering cohorts lost fitness through reduced survivorship, fecundity, fertility, adult longevity, and mass-specific fecundity. We argue that very real trade-offs occur between summer performance and winter performance among temperate insects in general. Survivorship and reproduction of the overwintering generation should therefore be an important source of selection shaping not only the seasonal expression of dormancy, but also the evolution of summer life-history syndromes as well.
The analysis of perception via preference: A strategy for studying how the environment is experienced

Kaplan, R., 1985. The analysis of perception via preference: a strategy for studying how the environment is experienced. Landscape Plann., 12: 161--176. Systematic approaches to the management of the visual resource tend to be based on categorizations, and on assumptions of what is valued or preferred. Underlying these distinctions is an implicit view of the perception of the environment. The expert's perceptions, however, may be quite different from the perceptions of those who lack specialized training. While direct questioning regarding environmental perception is unlikely to be fruitful, it has been shown that the use of preference reactions to photographic material is a highly effective procedure for deriving salient perceptual categories. A series of studies focusing on diverse land uses and land covers has generated considerable insight into the way the environment is experienced by the general public. It is safe to say that these empirical results neither match the categories that are the provinces of professional groups assigned with the management of the visual resource, nor do they correspond directly to the attributes assumed to be important in preference. Rather, environmental perception is finely tuned in certain kinds of environments and much less differentiated in others. Equally preferred scenes may fit distinctly different categories. The neglect of the public's categorizations and valuation may lead to approaches that are apparently rational and systematic, but inconsistent with such prevailing perceptions.
Was Tristrams saga the Structural Model for Egils saga

On the basis of certain compositional features introduced into the Tristan story by Thomas of Brittany, it has been established that the many Tristan reminiscences in Old Norse literature stem from Tristrams saga (Schach 1965). In this paper it will be argued that Tristrams saga provided the structural model for Egils saga.
The Minds of the West: Ethnocultural Evolution in the Rural Middle West, 1830-1917

In the century preceding World War I, the American Middle West drew thousands of migrants both from Europe and from the northeastern United States. In the American mind, the region represented a place where social differences could be muted and a distinctly American culture created. Many of the European groups, however, viewed the Midwest as an area of opportunity because it allowed them to retain cultural and religious traditions from their homelands. Jon Gjerde examines the cultural patterns, or ""minds,"" that those settling the Middle West carried with them. He argues that such cultural transplantation could occur because patterns of migration tended to reunite people of similar pasts and because the rural Midwest was a vast region where cultural groups could sequester themselves in tight-knit settlements built around familial and community institutions. Gjerde compares patterns of development and acculturation across immigrant groups, exploring the frictions and fissures experienced within and between communities. Finally, he examines the means by which individual ethnic groups built themselves a representative voice, joining the political and social debate on both a regional and national level. |A social history of the Middle West, as it evolved from a patchwork of isolated immigrant cultures into a region of coalesced ethnic groups within a pluralist American society. (Please see cloth edition, published 3/97.)
Experience Using Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery to Treat Large CNS Metastases

a longer median actuarial OS (9 mos) vs other histologies (5 mos). Chisquare analysis showed that metastectomy prior to SRS was a statistically significant predictor for better LC (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed Dmax and PTV to be significant predictors for better LC with cut-offs of 26 Gy for Dmax (p Z 0.096) and 2 cc for PTV (p Z 0.024). LC was not significantly correlated with prescribed dose (p Z 0.307), race (p Z 0.228), gender (p Z 0.515), age, WBRT, tumor histology or number of lesions. There was no significant predictor for OS. Conclusions: Our data show an improvement in brain metastases LC with the combination of surgery and SRS. Furthermore, 26 Gy to the isocenter provided better LC to PTV 2 cc without any RT toxicity. Author Disclosure: W.F. Mourad: None. L.X. Hong: None. R.A. Shourbaji: None. T. Santiago: None. A. Patel: None. D.M. Blakaj: None. J.L. Fox: None. P.A. LaSala: None. S. Kalnicki: None. M.K. Garg: None.
Protein:creatinine ratio in uncomplicated twin pregnancy.

Objective Women with twin pregnancies may have higher rates of isolated proteinuria than do those with singletons. We compared protein-to-creatinine (P:C) ratios longitudinally through gestation in uncomplicated twin and singleton pregnancies. Study Design P:C ratios were compared at 3 times points in 102 (51 twins, 51 singletons) healthy gravid patients who did not have preeclampsia develop, using linear and logistic regression techniques. Results P:C ratio increased significantly over gestation in all patients. This increase was significantly greater in twins than in singletons. The odds of P:C ratio >0.19 was 3.5 times higher in twins between 34 and 38 weeks. Conclusion Women with uncomplicated twin pregnancies have greater protein excretion as measured by P:C ratios than do those with singletons. In early pregnancy, protein excretion is similar, but it diverges significantly by the latter third trimester. We suggest that normal values for proteinuria in twins may differ from those in singletons, and warrant further evaluation.
Information theory measures of grammatical goodness-of-fit.

Reasons for the declining use of information-theory-based statistics were reviewed, and were found to reflect overly grandiose or overly constrained interpretations of distributional uncertainty measures. The range of definitions of H as a characterization of dispersion was extended to cases in which the scope, mode or specification, and unit of count were not limited to single terminal units. Information statistics may be generally described as reflecting the “fit” between a given grammar and a given language sample.
CEA Is the Major PHA-L-Reactive Glycoprotein in Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines and Tumors: Relationship between K-ras Activation and β1–6 Branching of N-Linked Carbohydrate on CEA

Previously we have shown that a positive correlation existed between the presence of beta1-6 branching of N-linked carbohydrate (detected as PHA-L reactivity) and the level of Ras activation in colon carcinoma cell lines. In these cell lines the major PHA-L-reactive species was found to be 180 kDa. Here we identified this species to be carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by demonstrating that: (a) CEA immunoreactivity and PHA-L reactivity colocalized on blots of crude cellular membranes from these cell lines, and that (b) immunoprecipitation of CEA resulted in quantitative coprecipitation of PHA-L reactivity at 180 kDa. Metabolic labeling of cell line HTB39 with [(3)H]mannose revealed that CEA was the predominantly labeled glycoprotein. This indicated that CEA was the major PHA-L-reactive species due its high level of expression. The amount of PHA-L reactivity present on CEA, expressed as the PHA-L/CEA ratio, was found to vary between cell lines. This ratio was found to correlate closely with the level of Ras activation in these cells. In cellular membrane isolated from primary colon carcinoma, the major PHA-L-reactive species was also 180 kDa. This reactivity colocalized with CEA immunoreactivity, indicating that the major beta1-6-branching glycoprotein in membranes from primary colon carcinoma was CEA. Similar to that seen in cell lines, the amount of PHA-L reactivity on CEA in human tumor samples varied, suggesting that a similar paradigm of Ras-induced expression of beta1-6 branching may occur in human colon carcinoma.
Research, teaching, and service in promotion and tenure decisions of accounting faculty

Abstract This study examines whether the relative values of research, teaching, and service activities in promotion and tenure decisions of accounting faculty vary across American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB)-accredited colleges of business and their departments of accounting in accordance with their educational missions. Educational mission is determined by an institution's classification under the Carnegie Foundation system. Deans and accounting department heads are surveyed to measure relative emphasis placed on research, teaching, and service. The results demonstrate that the manner in which deans and accounting department heads value research, teaching, and service is consistent with their institutions' educational mission. The views of both deans and accounting department heads at doctoral-granting, high research support schools (Research I and II) differ from those of their counterparts at both doctoral-granting, low-research support schools (Doctorate I and II), and nondoctoral-granting schools (Comprehensive). We conclude that in studies examining faculty performance, the traditional classification of institutions based simply on doctoral-granting status may provide misleading or incomplete results. Our results show that the views of both deans and accounting department heads at doctoral-granting institutions are not homogeneous regarding the relative emphasis placed on both research and teaching. Accordingly, we recommend that future research studies in this area utilize the more discriminating Carnegie classification scheme.
Room temperature UV adhesive bonding of CE devices

A simple low temperature adhesive ‘stamp-and-stick’ bonding procedure for lab-on-a-chip glass devices has been tested for capillary electrophoresis applications. This technique involves use of a mask aligner to transfer a UV-curable adhesive selectively onto the top CE substrate which is then aligned with and bonded to the bottom CE wafer. The entire bonding process can be carried out at room temperature in less than 30 minutes, involved only user-friendly laboratory operations, and provided a near 100% success rate. CE microchips made in this manner exhibited similar electroosmotic flow and separation characteristics as ones made via conventional high temperature thermal bonding. Equally important, the devices provided stable long-term performance over weeks of use, encompassing hundreds of individual CE runs without structural failure or any apparent change in operating characteristics. Finally, these devices exhibited excellent chip-to-chip reproducibility. Successful adaptation of the stamp-and-stick approach did require the development and testing of new but easily implemented structural features which were incorporated into the chip design and whose nature is described in detail.
Diverse mid-Miocene silicic volcanism associated with the Yellowstone–Newberry thermal anomaly

The Santa Rosa-Calico volcanic field (SC) of northern Nevada is a complex, multi-vent mid-Miocene eruptive complex that formed in response to regional lithospheric extension and flood basalt volcanism. Santa Rosa-Calico volcanism initiated at ∼16.7 Ma, concurrent with regional Steens-Columbia River flood basalt activity and is characterized by a complete compositional spectrum of basalt through high-silica rhyolite. To better understand the relationships between upwelling mafic magmatism, coeval extension, and magmatic system development on the Oregon Plateau we have conducted the first compre- hensive study of Santa Rosa-Calico silicic volcanism. Detailed stratigraphic-based field sampling and mapping illustrate that silicic activity in this volcanic field was primarily focused along its eastern and western margins. At least five texturally distinct silicic units are found in the western Santa Rosa-Calico volcanic field, including abun- dant lava flows, near vent deposits, and shallow intrusive bodies. Similar physical features are found in the eastern portion of the volcanic field where four physically distinct units are present. The western and eastern Santa Rosa- Calico units are characterized by abundant macro- and microscopic disequilibrium textures, reflecting a complex petrogenetic history. Additionally, unlike other mid-Mio- cene Oregon Plateau volcanic fields (e.g. McDermitt), the Santa Rosa-Calico volcanic field is characterized by a paucity of caldera-forming volcanism. Only the Cold Springs tuff, which crops out across the central portion of the volcanic field, was caldera-derived. Major and trace element geochemical variations are present within and between eastern and western Santa Rosa-Calico silicic units and these chemical differences, coupled with the observed disequilibrium textures, illustrate the action of open-system petrogenetic processes and melt derivation from heterogeneous source materials. The processes and styles of Santa Rosa-Calico silicic magmatism are linked to three primary factors, local focusing of and thermal and material contributions from the regional flood basalt event, lithospheric extension within the northern portion of the Northern Nevada rift, and interaction of mid-Miocene silicic magmas with pre-Santa Rosa-Calico lithosphere. Similar processes and styles of mid-Miocene silicic volcanism likely occurred across the Oregon Plateau in regions characterized by both focused lithospheric exten- sion and localized mafic magmatism.
The variation of cycle times with repetition for manual tasks.

The variation of cycle time with repetition has engaged the interest of ergonomists, psychologists, statisticians and engineers. The approach most directly useful to industrial management is that which enables time standards to be set more accurately, and which provides a basis for planning and estimating. The original relationships in aircraft manufacture have been found to be very useful for planning and estimating purposes, but are not sufficiently accurate for setting time standards for incentive schemes. It is in this field of time standards that a knowledge of accurate relationships could have a tremendous impact on direct labour costs. Furthermore, it could change fundamentally the existing practices for human work measurement Laboratory experiments to investigate a possible fundamental relationship applicable to all manual operations with varying degrees of skill and cycle time were conducted, Skilled and unskilled subjects performed operations requiring varying degrees of skill and cycle time. In...
The Evolving Role of Regional Radiation Oncology Societies in Resident Education

The goal of this study is to develop insight into how a regional radiation oncology organization like the New York Roentgen Society (NYRS) can best assist in the education and development of residents. From April to June 2012, an electronic survey was sent to all 41 post-graduate year 2-4 radiation oncology resi- dents in the New York metropolitan area. Questions were formatted using Likert scales (ranging from 1 to 5), and the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the mean ratings of each answer option. Surveys were completed by 34 residents (re- sponse rate 83 %). The three highest rated features that residents hope to get out of their membership in the NYRS included "networking" (mean 4.21), "career mentoring" (mean 4.18), and "education" (mean 4.15), all of which were rated significantly higher (p<0.002) than the lowest rated "physics boards review" (mean 3.36) and "radiation biology boards review" (mean 3.15). The three highest rated types of subject matter for meetings included "boards review" (mean 4.03), "debate on a controversial clinical topic" (mean 3.97), and a "career mentoring workshop" (mean 3.93), all of which were rated significantly higher (p<0.001) than the lowest rated "lecture on a research topic" (mean 2.40) and "lecture on a radiation biology/physics topic" (mean 2.07). Residents favor networking, career mentoring, and clinical educational content (particularly as it relates to boards review) from their regional radi- ation oncology society. These findings may be applica- ble to similar organizations in other cities, as a guide for future programming.
A metapopulation model with population jumps of varying sizes

A model is developed for a single species composed of a metapopulation consisting of many patches. It incorporates the processes of local growth and stochastic disasters or sudden jumps of varying sizes within a patch, combined with the colonization of empty patches. It is shown that this model includes many other metapopulation models as special cases. This reduction to simpler cases allows for the demonstration of a variety of behaviors in the full model. In the case when there is no immigration into existing patches, an iterative method is developed for finding the unique equilibrium distribution of numbers of individuals within patches using techniques for analyzing linear Fredholm integral equations.
The magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn

The magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn and the characteristics of their magnetospheres, formed by interaction with the solar wind, are discussed. The origins of both magnetic fields are associated with a dynamo process deep in the planetary interior. The Jovian magnetosphere is analogous to that of a pulsar magnetosphere: a massive central body with a rapid rotation and an associated intense magnetic field. Its most distinctive feature is its magnetodisk of concentrated plasma and particle flux, and reduced magnetic field intensity. The magnetopause near the subsolar point has been observed at radial distances ranging over 50 to 100 Jovian radii, implying a relatively compressible obstacle to solar wind flow. The composition of an embedded current sheet within the magnetic tail is believed to be influenced by volcanic eruptions and emissions from Io. Spectral troughs of the Jovian radiation belts have been interpreted as possible ring particles. The Saturnian magnetosphere appears to be more like the earth in its topology. It is mainly characterized by a dipole axis parallel to the rotational axis of the planet and a magnetic field intensity much less than expected.
Response of ischemic heart disease to chondroitin sulfate-A.

One hundred and twenty patients with demonstrable ischemic heart disease (IHD) or coronary heart disease (CHD)—suggested designation, ischemic coronary disease (ICD)—were divided into two groups of 60 patients each and observed for a study period of two and a half years. Treatment was randomly assigned, and comparisons were made on the basis of clinical evaluation and mortality and morbidity rates. Sixty patients were treated with the acid mucopolysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate-A (CSA), in addition to regular medicinal and dietary regimens. Sixty comparable patients serving as controls were not given CSA, but otherwise were treated under similar dietary and medicinal regimens. CSA was given orally in tablet form; the initial dosage of 10 gm daily was reduced to 1.5 gm daily, and was well tolerated by all patients. No abnormal laboratory or clinical findings and no toxicity or side effects from CSA were noted. At the end of the 2.5-year observation period, 21 of the 60 ICD patients in the control group had experienced acute cardiac episodes or myocardial ischemia; of these, 4 were fatal. The 17 survivors were hospitalized—7 with myocardial infarction, 7 with acute myocardial ischemia or coronary insufficiency, and 3 with non-critical or transient myocardial ischemia. In the matched CSA-treated group of 60 ICD patients, there were 5 deaths. Autopsies were conducted in all cases. One patient with myocardial ischemia died from a myocardial infarction. A second patient who died from myocardial infarction had persistent hypertension which often was difficult to control. A third patient, who had chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter, died from coronary insufficiency and cardiac congestive failure following a massive cerebrovascular hemorrhage. Two other patients died from non-cardiac causes—one from a malignant cerebral astrocytoma, and the other from a skull injury which induced ventricular fibrillation. The surviving 55 patients of this group have not required treatment or hospital admission for acute cardiac symptoms or recurrent cardiac illness. The ratio of 21:3 for coronary episodes in the CSA group versus the non-CSA group warrants further studies with caid mucopolysaccharides such as CSA and CSC. This would involve statistically designed and controlled studies on large groups of patients and possibly on sections of the normal adult population. These data could be invaluable in determining the feasibility of the therapeutic use of acid mucopolysaccharides for the prevention and treatment of ischemic coronary disease.
Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Heroin-associated Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy

Heroin-associated spongiform leukoencephalopathy (HASL) is a rare complication of heroin abuse. We report a case that highlights the increased sensitivity of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) compared with T2-weighted imaging in the acute setting of HASL. Single case report. A 36-year-old male with a history of heroin abuse (snorting) presented with a 3-day history of lethargy. MRI brain revealed restricted diffusion involving the globus pallidum and cerebral cortex bilaterally that was not seen on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. The patient was diagnosed with acute HASL. Repeated MRI FLAIR at 3 months confirmed the development of atrophy and T2 hyperintensity in the subcortical white matter, consistent with leukoencephalopathy. Neurological exam at 3-month follow-up was nonfocal. Restricted diffusion, which likely corresponds to electron microscopic findings of fluid entrapment between the myelin lamellae, may be detectable earlier than changes on FLAIR. Clinicians should be aware of the neuroimaging findings of HASL and the increased sensitivity of MRI DWI over T2-weighted images in detecting HASL acutely.
Edge dislocation climb over non-deformable circular inclusions

Edge dislocation climb over non-deformable circular inclusions is studied as a possible rate limiting mechanism for creep of dispersion strengthened metals. The inclusion and matrix are assumed to exhibit no misfit and to be elastically isotropic, with the inclusion, more rigid than the matrix. The climb motion of the dislocation is assumed to be diffusion controlled and very much slower than glide. We calculate the path taken by the dislocation as it climbs past the inclusion. Special attention is given to the equilibrium separation distance between the dislocation and inclusion, the total climb distance required to pass the inclusion and the total lag time imposed on the dislocation motion by the presence of the inclusion. We discuss the results of these calculations and their implications in connection with the problem of creep of dispersion strengthened metals.
Modeling laser instabilities and chaos

We summarize some previous work on the analysis of laser instabilities and chaos and present new results on routes to chaos and field-correlation functions.
Templated construction of a zn-selective protein dimerization motif.

Here, we report that the approach of metal-templated ligand synthesis can be applied to construct a dimeric protein assembly (BMOERIDC12), which is stabilized by noncovalent interactions and flexible covalent cross-linkers around the Zn templates. Despite its flexibility, BMOERIDC12 selectively binds ZnII over other divalent metals and undergoes dimerization upon metal binding. Such simultaneous fulfillment of plasticity and selectivity is a hallmark of cellular signaling events that involve ligand/metal-induced protein dimerization.
Determination of base ratios on sub-microgram quantities of RNA.

1. Introduction The determination of base compositions of ribo- nucleic acids is an important step in sequence analysis. As RNAs are often not available in milligram quan- tities for the determination of base compositions using spectrophotometric procedures [l-6] , more sensitive radioactive labelling methods have been developed. The procedures of Sanger et al. [7] can be used directly for base composition analysis of RNA uniformly labelled with 32P to a high specific activity. But not all RNAs can be so labelled in vivo, and 32P also has an inconveniently short half-life. The Ran- deraths [8,9] .developed a method using sodium boro- [3H]hydride to reduce periodate-oxidised nucleosides to stable tritiated nucleoside tri-alcohols. Tritium has a low energy of radiation so it is difficult to detect by autoradiography, especially when picomole quantities of tritiated nucleoside tri-alcohols are analysed. We previously described a simple, sensitive proce- dure for chemically labelling RNA and its derivatives which uses p-hydrazinobenzene-[35S]sulphonic acid (35S-p-HBSA) as the radioactive labelling reagent [lo] We now wish to describe routine labelling procedure for determining base compositions of RNA and ribo- oligonucleotides. The procedure is simple and very sensitive requiring only 0.5 pg of the polymer for at least a triplicate determination. 2. Materials and methods 2.1.
The relationship between obesity, physical activity, and physical function in older adults.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between overweight and obesity, age, and gender with physical activity and physical function in community-dwelling older men and women. Method: Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze differences between normal weight, overweight, and obese adults (n = 821) above the age of 60 years. Results: Obesity but not overweight was associated with lower levels of physical activity and physical function. Within BMI groups, individuals who were physically active were less likely to have abnormal physical function scores compared to those who were sedentary. Compared to men, obese women had lower physical function scores, placing them at higher risk for future disability. Aging was associated with lower levels of physical activity and physical function. Discussion: The study illustrates the importance of avoiding obesity and participating in regular physical activity to prevent or slow down the loss of functioning in older age.
Alloy Nanowires Bar Codes Based on Nondestructive X-ray Fluorescence Readout

We demonstrate here the ability to generate ternary Co-Ni-Cu alloy nanowires with distinct X-ray fluorescence (XRF) barcode patterns using a one-step template-guided electrodeposition. Such coupling of one-step templated synthesis with a nondestructive XRF readout of the composition patterns greatly simplifies practical applications of barcoded nanomaterials. The new protocol leads to alloy nanowires with broad composition range and hence to an extremely large number of distinguishable XRF signatures. The resulting fluorescence barcodes correlate well with the composition of the metal mixture plating solution, indicating a reproducible plating processes. Factors affecting the coding capacity and identification accuracy are examined, and potential tracking and authenticity applications involving embedding the nanowires within plastics or inks are demonstrated and discussed.
Development of an image segmentation and registration algorithm on a SIMD parallel processor

Currently, more sophisticated image processing operations are not used on clinical workstations or CR (computed radiography) systems. One reason for this is the excessive time required to perform the image processing. One parallelism approach for improving image processing speed is to utilize a single instruction stream - multiple data stream (SIMD) computer. This paper presents the preliminary results for two classes of image processing algorithms which are useful in radiological applications: segmentation and registration.
Cerebrospinal fluid cortisol concentrations in healthy elderly are affected by both APOE and TOMM40 variants.

Summary Abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may include increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol concentrations. Moreover, presence of the APOE ɛ4 allele, which is an established risk factor for the development of AD, has been shown to associate with higher CSF cortisol levels, especially in AD sufferers. In this study, we examined whether TOMM40 variants, which have been reported to influence age of onset of AD, also had an effect on CSF cortisol levels, in healthy, cognitively intact individuals with or without APOE ɛ4. In our results, the increase in CSF cortisol associated with the presence of the APOE ɛ4 allele was only detected when a short TOMM40 poly-T variant, shown to associate with later age of onset of AD in ɛ4 carriers, was not present. These results are consistent with previous reports (e.g., Roses et al., 2009 ) suggesting that TOMM40 poly-T variants influence the effects of APOE alleles.
Drug Interactions Associated with Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes

Many symptom control medications including analgesics, antianxiety agents, sedative-hypnotics, and antidepressants are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Over the last ten years, knowledge of the cytochrome P-450 system has greatly expanded, including the identification of isoenzymes. Many common drug interactions can be classified according to the isoenzyme system involved in the interactions. Knowledge of isoenzymes involved in drug metabolism can also markedly improve clinicians' ability to predict interactions and prevent adverse drug reactions. This article summarizes many clinically relevant drug interactions caused by interactions in the cytochrome P-450 system.
Depositional setting of a miocene mammal assemblage, Sioux county, Nebraska (U.S.A.)

Abstract An assemblage of Miocene mammal bones (Harper Quarry) discovered in July 1974 near the town of Harrison, Nebraska, in the base of the Upper Harrison beds (Marsland Formation) is the only concentrated accumulation of fossil mammals found to date in proximity to the type sections of three formations (Upper Harrison beds, Harrison and Monroe Creek formations) of the Arikaree Group of the Great Plains. The Harper Quarry mammals provide an improved understanding of the biostratigraphic relationship of these rock units to other important vertebrate fossil localities in the region, in particular the Agate Spring Quarries. Combined data derived from taphonomy of mammal bones, invertebrates and algae, petrography and geologic setting of the deposit suggest that the fossil bed represents the fill of a Miocene channel scour segregated from the main stream. The environment of deposition was probably a restricted body of shallow water, initially of moderate pH and low turbidity, later possibly increasingly alkaline, and early in its history influenced by low-energy currents. A sample of 200 bones and bone fragments was collected from the lower part of the fossil bed, a 1.2 m (4 ft.) thick calcareous ashy sandstone, over 25.6 m2 (275 sq. ft.) of the quarry floor. The 120 identifiable bones indicate a minimum number of 13–14 individuals belonging to about 10 genera (11 species) assigned to 8 families (Rhinocerotidae, Chalicotheriidae, Entelodontidae, Equidae, Camelidae, Amphicyonidae, Canidae, Mustelidae). The fossil bed itself is largely made up of volcanic glass shards, quartz and feldspar sand grains, and micrite mud. Angularity of glass shards and many sand grains suggests a pyroclastic origin for the bulk of the deposit, with a small percentage of rounded grains indicative of epiclastic origin. Geopetal structure seen within ostracods demonstrates that the micrite is probably of primary origin, derived either biogenically and/or as a chemical precipitate from standing water.
Using PRECEDE to develop a weight management program for disadvantaged young adults.

Abstract Objective To conduct a needs assessment using the PRECEDE model for the development of a weight management program for low-income young adults. Design Four phases were implemented using qualitative (focus groups and interviews) and quantitative (survey) methodologies, with steering committee guidance. Setting Northeastern residential vocational center. Participants Convenience sample of low-income young adults, 18–24 years old (total n = 203), who were attending a job training vocational center. Phenomenon of Interest General themes of life satisfaction determinants and issues related to weight, self-reported weight and related behavior, existing environmental supports, and desired changes of behavioral and environmental influences of weight. Analysis Content analysis of qualitative data; descriptive analysis and Student t test. Results Self-image and discrimination were themes for weight issues. More than half of participants were overweight or obese (57%) and had low levels of physical activity (58%). Self-reported fruit and vegetable intake was inadequate ( Conclusions and Implications The PRECEDE model was useful to identify concerns, priorities, and modifiable factors among a young adult community that can increase the relevancy of a weight management program.
Observation of collision-energy, product-state, and angular-scattering specificity in the charge-transfer reaction of Ar+(2P32) with N2(X 1Σg, υ = 0)

Abstract The reaction Ar + ( 2 P 3 2 ) + N 2 (X 1 Σ g , υ = 0) → Ar + N 2 + (X 2 Σ g , υ″) was studied at 1.1 eV collision energy using a crossed-beam method. In contrast with results at higher and lower collision energies, the scattering diagram obtained at this energy exhibits clearly resolved structure which suggests that product ions are produced in vibrational levels υ = 1, 2, 3, and possibly 4. Further, the population of each of these vibrational levels is correlated with scattering at specific center-of-mass angles.
Knowing When to Let Go: Endosomal Release of LDL from the LDL-Receptor

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Blacklow and colleagues (Beglova et al., 2004) use NMR structural analyses and the combination of deletion mapping, site-directed mutagenesis and LDL release assays to examine the molecular basis for low pH-induced release of LDL from the LDL receptor.
Searching for Excellence.

Visits to six school districts which were identified by the National Science Teachers Association's Search for Excellence program were made during 1983 by teams of 17 researchers. The reports were analyzed in search for common characteristics that can explain the requirements necessary for excellent science programs. The results indicate that creative ideas, administrative and community involvement, local ownership and pride, and well-developed in-service programs and implementation strategies are vital. Exceptional teachers with boundless energies also seem to exist where exemplary science programs are found.
The impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the United States

Abstract The existing immigration literature presents inconsistencies and contradictions. Some studies suggest that immigration has no effect on the earnings and employment levels of native‐born minorities, while others offer contrary evidence. In an effort to make more progress, a study was done to examine the impact of immigration on unemployment and earnings among racial minorities in the US. Employing United States census data covering 1940 to 1980, and using states and a sample of metropolitan statistical areas as units of analysis, this study found that increases in immigration in some periods of US history had significant negative effects on employment levels among racial minorities in the United States. Specifically, results of the regression analysis showed that, in 1970, a standard deviation change in immigration increased unemployment among minorities by nearly 14 per cent, while in 1980 unemployment increased by nearly 10 per cent, given a standard deviation increase in immigration. With regar...
Multivariable stability margin optimization: a spectral tangential interpolation approach

In this paper we show that many problems of multivariable stability margin optimization can be reduced to a spectral tangential interpolation problem of Nevanlinna-Pick type, where the interpolating transfer matrices are bounded not in infinity norm but in spectral radius. This equivalence is established via conformal mappings. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the spectral interpolation problem are given in terms of the positivity of an associated Nevanlinna-Pick matrix. We conclude by applying this approach to solve a multivariable gain margin problem.
Lithium differentially antagonises self-stimulation facilitated by morphine and (+)-amphetamine.

IN spite of widespread use of lithium (Li) in psychiatry, the mechanism underlying its antimanic action is poorly understood. Studies of the effects of Li on spontaneous and drug-induced behavioural activity have yielded conflicting results1–8. Electrical self-stimulation of the brain (SS) may be a promising alternative approach to such studies. This behaviour is believed to be mediated by catecholamines (reviewed in ref. 9), which have also been implicated in the action of Li10–14. Investigations of the effects of Li on SS have been restricted to a small range of doses and to SS in lateral hypothalamus, and the results have not been consistent15,16. We have now used a wider range of doses to investigate the effects of acute and chronic Li on SS in the substantia nigra of rats.
Software architecture model driven reverse engineering approach to open source software development

Popular Open Source Software (OSS) development platforms like GitHub, Google Code, and Bitbucket take advantage of some best practices of traditional software development like version control and issue tracking. Current major open source software environments, including IDE tools and online code repositories, do not provide support for visual architecture modeling. Research has shown that visual modeling of complex software projects has benefits throughout the software lifecycle. Then why is it that software architecture modeling is so conspicuously missing from popular online open source code repositories? How can including visual documentation improve the overall quality of open source software projects? Our goal is to answer both of these questions and bridge the gap between traditional software engineering best practices and open source development by applying a software architecture documentation methodology using Unified Modeling Language, called 5W1H Re-Doc, on a real open source project for managing identity and access, MITREid Connect. We analyze the effect of a model-driven software engineering approach on collaboration of open source contributors, quality of specification conformance, and state-of-the-art of architecture modeling. Our informal experiment revealed that in some cases, having the visual documentation can significantly increase comprehension of an online OSS project over having only the textual information that currently exists for that project.
Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being

Indoor air pollution (IAP) caused by solid fuel use and/or traditional cooking stoves is a global health threat, particularly for women and young children. The WHO World Health Report 2002 estimates that IAP is responsible for 2.7% of the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide and 3.7% in high mortality developing countries. Despite the magnitude of this problem, social scientists have only recently begun to pay closer attention to this issue and to test strategies for reducing IAP. In this paper, we provide a survey of the current literature on the relationship between indoor air pollution, respiratory health and economic well-being. We then discuss the available evidence on the effectiveness of popular policy prescriptions to reduce IAP within the household.
Combined Modality Therapy for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Chemotherapy Combinations

Over the last decade, we have witnessed improved outcome amongpatients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), principally throughthe use of new and novel treatment programs. A meta-analysis ofrandomized clinical trials comparing combined chemotherapy andradiation to radiation therapy alone clearly has shown a survivalbenefit with platinum-based combination chemotherapy administeredsequentially or concurrently with thoracic radiation therapy overradiation therapy alone. In addition, combining thoracic radiationtherapy with novel drugs or new drug combinations has yieldedimprovements in median survival duration and long-term survival ratesin locally advanced unresectable NSCLC. Paclitaxel and carboplatin aretwo novel agents that have undergone extensive clinical evaluation atvarious doses and schedules in combination with thoracic radiationtherapy in patients with locally advanced disease. There remains aneed, however, for further improvement in metastatic control andprevention of locoregional recurrences. This will likely be achievedthrough the optimization of chemotherapy regimens to be used incombined modality therapy with thoracic radiation therapy.
Finals Finish: Creating a Recreational Sport Special Event for Final Exam Week:

Most recreational sports programs tend to discontinue programming during the last weeks of a semester to avoid distractions with academic exams. The last few weeks of s semester are viewed as a tim...
Cabling Method for High Current Conductors Made of HTS Tapes

A small-scale test of a twisted stacked-tape conductor made of coated YBCO tapes was performed using four-tape cable. The critical current degradation and current distribution of this four-tape conductor was evaluated by taking account the twist-strain, the self-field and the termination resistance. The critical current degradation for the tested YBCO tape may be explained by the perpendicular self-field effect solo. The critical currents of the twisted stacked-tape conductor with four-tape cable have been confirmed not to degrade up to 120 mm twist pitch length. This type of conductor design is proposed to make it possible to fabricate highly compact, high current cables from multiple flat HTS tapes.