cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Degradation of benzodiazepines after 120 days of EMS deployment.

AbstractIntroduction. EMS treatment of status epilepticus improves outcomes, but the benzodiazepine best suited for EMS use is unclear, given potential high environmental temperature exposures. Objective. To describe the degradation of diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam as a function of temperature exposure and time over 120 days of storage on active EMS units. Methods. Study boxes containing vials of diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam were distributed to 4 active EMS units in each of 2 EMS systems in the southwestern United States during May–August 2011. The boxes logged temperature every minute and were stored in EMS units per local agency policy. Two vials of each drug were removed from each box at 30-day intervals and underwent high-performance liquid chromatography to determine drug concentration. Concentration was analyzed as mean (and 95%CI) percent of initial labeled concentration as a function of time and mean kinetic temperature (MKT). Results. 192 samples were collected (2 samples of each drug ...
Neural mechanisms of reproduction in females as a predisposing factor for drug addiction

There is an increasing awareness that adolescent females differ from males in their response to drugs of abuse and consequently in their vulnerability to addiction. One possible component of this vulnerability to drug addiction is the neurobiological impact that reproductive physiology and behaviors have on the mesolimbic dopamine system, a key neural pathway mediating drug addiction. In this review, we examine animal models that address the impact of ovarian cyclicity, sexual affiliation, sexual behavior, and maternal care on the long-term plasticity of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The thesis is that this plasticity in synaptic neurotransmission stemming from an individual’s normal life history contributes to the pathological impact of drugs of abuse on the neurobiology of this system. Hormones released during reproductive cycles have only transient effects on these dopamine systems, whereas reproductive behaviors produce a persistent sensitization of dopamine release and postsynaptic neuronal responsiveness. Puberty itself may not represent a neurobiological risk factor for drug abuse, but attendant behavioral experiences may have a negative impact on females engaging in drug use.
Evaluation Criteria for Discrete Confidence Intervals: Beyond Coverage and Length

Confidence intervals for discrete distributions are often evaluated only by coverage and expected length. We discuss two additional criteria, p-confidence and p-bias. The choice of these criteria is motivated by the interpretation of a confidence interval as being the set of parameter values not rejected by a hypothesis test. Using these additional criteria we compare a number of equal-tailed confidence intervals for the binomial distribution. It is shown that methods that produce superior intervals, as measured by coverage and length, need not perform well in terms of p-confidence and p-bias. Cox's measuring device example is discussed to motivate the need for criteria beyond coverage and length.
First homoleptic complexes of isocyanoferrocene.

Interaction of aminoferrocene with a 65/35 mol % mixture of phenyl formate/phenol followed by subsequent dehydration of the resulting ferrocenylformamide with POCl3 produced a high yield of air- and thermally stable, peach-colored isocyanoferrocene (CNFc). Combining 6 equiv of CNFc with bis(naphthalene)chromium(0) afforded orange-red Cr(CNFc)6, the first homoleptic complex of CNFc. Successive one-electron oxidations of the latter with Ag+ quantitatively produced saddle-brown [Cr(CNFc)6]+ and forest-green [Cr(CNFc)6]2+. The compounds [Cr(CNFc)6]0,1+,2+ are air-, light-, and thermally robust and are remarkable due to the incorporation of seven potentially electroactive transition metal ions within a relatively compact ML6 motif. Their properties demonstrate that the π-accepting potential of the ferrocenyl substituent, customarily compared to an alkyl group, may have been underestimated. Indeed, the donor/acceptor ratio of the CNFc ligand appears to be similar to those of aryl isocyanides but quite different...
Measurement of circulating nitrite and S-nitrosothiols by reductive chemiluminescence

Considerable disparities in the reported levels of basal human nitrite and S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) in blood have brought methods of quantifying these nitric oxide (NO) metabolites to the forefront of NO biology. Ozone-based chemiluminescence is commonly used and is a robust method for measuring these species when combined with proper reductive chemistry. The goal of this article is to review existing methodologies for the measurement of nitrite and RSNO by reductive chemiluminescence. Specifically, we discuss in detail the measurement of nitrite and RSNO in biological matrices using tri-iodide and copper(I)/cysteine-based reduction methods coupled to chemiluminescence. The underlying reaction mechanisms, as well as the potential pitfalls of each method are discussed.
An Embryology and Incubation Institute for High School Science Teachers and Students

Abstract THE CHICK embryo and the egg are popular material for high school science projects, and during the school year, the Poultry Science Department receives many requests for information on the egg, the chick embryo, and incubation recommendations. In order to help take care of these requests for information and also to encourage high school science students to consider a career in Poultry Science, the department decided to hold a one day Institute for a selected group of high school science teachers and students. A one day Institute on avian embryology and incubation for high school science teachers and students was given February 2nd, 1961. The success of this first Institute has encouraged the authors to publish the general procedure followed in conducting this one day school so that other institutions interested in holding similar schools may have a guide. PROCEDURE A list of key high school science teachers was secured …
Biodegradation of Cry1Ab protein from Bt transgenic rice in aerobic and flooded paddy soils.

Degradation of Cry1Ab protein from Bt transgenic rice was examined under both aerobic and flooded conditions in five paddy soils and in aqueous solutions. The hydrolysis rate of Cry1Ab protein in a...
Effect of early experience and age on initial responsiveness ofTilapia mossambica fry to a maternal model

Fry of the maternal mouth brooding fishTilapia mossambica were tested for the effects of (1) rearing and (2) increasing age on initial responsiveness to a gray disk covered with small black pits that served as a maternal model. In the first experiment, the eggs were removed from their mother’s mouth shortly after spawning, hatched, and the fry raised in groups, singly in complete visual isolation, or by the mother (control) until testing. When free swimming, the fry were tested individually for responsiveness to the model. High levels of responsiveness were exhibited by all fry regardless of rearing experience, indicating that responsiveness to the mother’s mouth is fully developed at birth and needs no previous social experience for its expression. In the second experiment, naive group-reared fry were tested individually for initial responsiveness to the model at 13, 16, 20, or 26 days postspawning. It was found that naive fry were strongly attracted to the model at 13 and 16 days of age but were neutral or actively avoiding it at 26 days of age. This decline is almost identical to the decline in responsiveness of normally reared fry toward their actual mother.
Parallel beam-forming architectures: design and simulation

A model of a medical ultrasound imaging system can be broken into four major subsystems: the transducer, the array, the beamformer, and display system. In this work, each sub- system is modeled separately and combined to simulate the complete system. Transducer elements are modeled as three port systems with two mechanical ports and one electrical port. The array is modeled as a product of a point source array and finite radiating elements. The beamforming system is modeled as a frequency domain beamformer with depth focusing, utilizing a parallel computing architecture. Each of these systems offers flexibility to model a one dimensional linear phased array, a 1.5D array or a two dimensional array, or an array of arbitrary shape.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using Experiments in Knowledge Utilization Research: Strengths, Weaknesses and Potential Applications

Experiments are relatively uncommon in knowledge utilization research compared with nonexperimental methods. This article reviews the perceived weaknesses and strengths of experimental methods and discusses possible uses of experiments in knowledge utilization research.
Aging and self-regulation: An introduction and overview

Changes in population trends and successes at treating infectious and chronic health conditions have resulted in older individuals representing an increasing percentage of the population. Unfortunately, this steady growth in the elderly population has not been met by a parallel increased focus on research. (It is interesting that a similar situation exists at the other end of the age spectrum -- children.) At the 1989 annual conference of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, largely at the instigation of then President Susan Middaugh, several invited presentations were arranged in an effort to highlight certain aspects of aging, point out some of the newer ongoing applied psychophysiological and biofeedback research in this area, and encourage others to become more actively involved in study of aging. Several presentations from this meeting have been expanded and included in the fop lowing brief special series. In the first article, presented as a keynote address at the meeting, T. Franklin Williams, Director, National Institute on Aging, lays the groundwork for the series. Williams identifies and then convincingly debunks the many myths that have characterized views toward aging (such as the erroneous conclusions of inevitable physical, mental, and sexual failings) and which likely have accounted in large measure for the lack of significant research attention previously given this age group. Williams makes an important distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic, or lifestyle, factors, the latter of which are clearly open to prevention and modification and are relatively unexamined. The potential for new investigative approaches and clinical applications is clearly pointed out. In fact, Williams' paper can be viewed as challenging us to become more active in prevention and treatment of the major problems causing mortality and morbidity in the older segments of our population.
A New Noninvasive Technique For Cardiac Pressure Measurement II: Scattering From Encapsulated Bubbles

In a recent paper a new technique for a noninvasive measurement of cardiac pressure utilizing tiny air bubbles was proposed and researched. In the present paper we report on the amplitude and frequency sensitivity to pressure of two types of spheres. Further, we demonstrate the viability of the proposed scheme as applied to remote cardiac pressure measurements.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CHUA'S OSCILLATOR: A ZOO OF ATTRACTORS

Chaos has been widely reported and studied in Chua's circuit family, which is characterized by a 21 parameter family of odd-symmetric piecewise-linear vector fields in R3. In this tutorial paper, we shall prove that, up to a topological equivalence, all the dynamics of this family are subsumed within that of a single circuit: Chua's oscillator; directly derived from Chua's circuit by adding a resistor in series with the inductor. We provide explicit formulas of the parameters of Chua's oscillator leading to a behavior qualitatively identical to that of any system belonging to Chua's circuit family. These formulas are then used to construct, in an almost trivial way, a gallery of (quasiperiodic and strange) attractors belonging to Chua's circuit family. A user-friendly program is available to allow a better understanding of the evolution of the dynamics as a function of the parameters of Chua's oscillator, and to follow the trajectory in the eigenspaces.
A dose-intensive, cyclophosphamide-based regimen for the treatment of recurrent/progressive or advanced solid tumors of childhood : A report from the Australia and New Zealand Children's Cancer Study Group

BACKGROUND Children with solid tumors that progress or recur after conventional multimodality therapies have a very poor prognosis. In a pilot study, vincristine, etoposide, and dose-escalated cyclophosphamide (VETOPEC) was shown to be a promising salvage regimen. Continued accrual of patients and increased duration of follow-up has resulted in substantial experience with VETOPEC. METHODS Between May 1991 and March 1994, 56 pediatric patients from 6 centers were enrolled in this study; 44 had recurrent or progressive tumors (Group A) and 12 had newly diagnosed, advanced tumors with a very poor prognosis (Group B). The VETOPEC regimen was comprised of vincristine, 0.05 mg/kg, on Days 1 and 14; etoposide, 2.5 mg/kg, on Days 1, 2, and 3; and fractionated, dose-escalated cyclophosphamide on Days 1, 2, and 3. The initial cyclophosphamide dose was 90 mg/kg (2.7 g/m2)/cycle with an escalation of 15 mg/kg/cycle in each subsequent cycle, to a maximum (over 6 cycles) of 165 mg/kg (5.0 g/m2)/cycle. Tumor response was evaluated every two to three cycles and included central review of imaging. RESULTS The combined and partial response rates for Groups A and B were 66% (25 of 38 patients) and 91% (10 of 11 patients), respectively. In Group A, best evaluable responses and event free (EF) survivors were observed with: brain tumors (7 of 9 patients; 2 EF at 39 and 45 months [mos], respectively), Wilms' tumor (6 of 7 patients; 3 EF at 37-49 mos), and lymphoma (4 of 4 patients; 2 EF at 52 and 59 mos, respectively); in Group B best evaluable responses and EF were observed with: neuroblastoma (5 of 6 patients; 1 disease free at 57 mos) and rhabdomyosarcoma (4 of 4 patients; no survivors). Hematologic toxicity was limiting despite support with myeloid growth factors in 33 patients. Four deaths in Group A and one in Group B were directly associated with this toxicity. Specifically, no cases of drug-related myocardial toxicity or pneumonitis were observed. CONCLUSIONS This chemotherapy regimen with its intense scheduling produced a high response rate and appreciable survival in patients with a variety of recurrent, progressive, or advanced solid tumors of childhood. Cancer 1997; 80:489-96. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Automatic Temperature Control for Aircraft

AUTOMATIC temperature control for aircraft long has been neglected, and it is only during the war that adequate attention has been given to this important subject. The increased duties imposed upon flight personnel by the requirements of modern military aircraft, together with the necessity for reducing air drag to the minimum consistent with required cooling, have prompted aircraft designers to give consideration to automatic operation of cowl flaps, oil and coolant flaps, and intercooler doors. Automatic flap operation can be appreciated fully when it is considered that engine cowl flaps fully opened might represent an air drag as high as 40 miles per hour on a 400-mile-per-hour airplane.
Optical non-reciprocity in magnetic structures related to high-T_c superconductors

Rotation of the plane of polarization of reflected light (Kerr effect) is a direct manifestation of broken time reversal symmetry and is generally associated with the appearance of a ferromagnetic moment. Here I identify magnetic structures that may arise within the unit cell of cuprate superconductors that generate polarization rotation despite the absence of a net moment. For these magnetic symmetries the Kerr effect is mediated by magnetoelectric coupling, which can arise when antiferromagnetic order breaks inversion symmetry. The structures identifed are candidates for a time-reversal breaking phase in the pseudogap regime of the cuprates.
DIVISION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE GYRODINIUM COHNII (SCHILLER) A New Type of Nuclear Reproduction

Dinoflagellates are of interest because their chromosomes resemble the nucleoplasm of prokaryotes both chemically and ultrastructurally. We have studied nuclear division in the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium cohnii (Schiller), using cells obtained from cultures undergoing phasic growth. Electron micrographs of serial sections were used to prepare three-dimensional reconstructions of nuclei and chromosomes at various stages of nuclear division. During division, a complex process of invagination of the intact nuclear envelope takes place at one side of the nucleus and results in the formation of parallel cylindrical cytoplasmic channels through the nucleus. These invaginations contain bundles of microtubules, and each of the bundles comes to lie in the cytoplasm of a cylindrical channel. Nuclear constriction occurs perpendicular to these channels without displacement of the microtubules. There are no associations between chromosomes and the cytoplasmic microtubules. In dividing cells most chromosomes become V-shaped, and the apices of the V's make contact with the membrane surrounding cytoplasmic channels. It is proposed that the membrane surrounding cytoplasmic channels in the dividing nucleus may be involved in the separation of daughter chromosomes. Thus, dinoflagellates may resemble prokaryotes in the manner of genophore separation as well as in genophore chemistry and ultrastructure.
Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata

Abstract Spirodela punctata 7776, the best duckweed strain in total protein production selected from in vitro screening experiments with synthetic swine lagoon water medium was examined for N and P recovery. It has shown a capability to grow in and to remove N and P from synthetic swine lagoon water with high N (240 mg NH4–N/l) and P (31.0 mg PO4–P/l) levels. A lag period of approximately 96 h was observed before the duckweed started to grow. During the lag period, utilization of N and P by the duckweed was very slow. The rates of N and P uptake, and duckweed growth increased with the increase of the initial N and P concentrations in the medium. The highest rates of N and P uptakes, and duckweed growth observed in this study were 0.955, 0.129 mg/l-h, and 1.33 g/m 2 -h (or 31.92 g / m 2 -day ), respectively. The N:P ratio in swine lagoon water is adequate for growing the duckweed.
Common Hematologic Problems of the Immediate Newborn Period

Hematologic problems in the early periods of postnatal life are common. Many complications of the common hematologic problems in the newborn, including death, might be prevented with astute nursing care. Frequently encountered blood disorders of the immediate newborn period, clinical manifestations, common treatments, and nursing management are presented.
Generous Paupers and Stingy Princes: Power Drives Consumer Spending on Self versus Others

This research examines how consumers' spending on themselves versus others can be affected by temporary shifts in their states of power. Five experiments found that individuals experiencing a state of power spent more money on themselves than on others, whereas those experiencing a state of powerlessness spent more money on others than on themselves. This effect was observed using a variety of power manipulations (hierarchical roles, print advertisements, episodic recall, and mental role-playing), across spending intentions and actual dollars spent, and among college and national samples. We propose that this effect occurs because power and powerlessness affect the psychological utility of self versus others, and this in turn affects the monetary worth allocated to spending on self versus others. The research makes novel contributions to appreciating how the spending on the self versus others varies as a function of psychological states and increases our understanding of the role of power in consumer behavior.
On three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of concrete structures

Abstract Solution capabilities for three-dimensional geometric and material nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures are presented. The concrete material is modeled including triaxial nonlinear stress-strain behavior, tensile cracking, compression crushing and strain-softening. The objective in this work was the development of a practical nonlinear concrete analysis capability. The material model can also be employed to represent some rock materials. The results of various sample analyses are given, in which the stability and accuracy of the finite element representations have been studied.
Reflections on Excellence in Research and Education in Signal Processing [Reflections]

IEEE SPM: Your contributions have had a significant impact across multiple IEEE Societies and other associations, such as the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. How do you manage to maintain these outstanding multidisciplinary achievements in both depth and breadth?
Protein in the picture

Hemoglobin: Structure, Function, Evolution, and Pathology. By Richard E. Dickerson and Irving Geis. Benjamin/Cummings: 1983. Pp.176. $34.95, £22.45.
Evaluating the Efficiency of a One-Square-Meter Quadrat Sampler for Riffle-Dwelling Fish

Abstract We evaluated the efficacy of a 1-m2 quadrat sampler for collecting riffle-dwelling fishes in an Ozark stream. We used a dual-gear approach to evaluate sampler efficiency in relation to species, fish size, and habitat variables. Quasi-likelihood regression showed sampling efficiency to differ significantly (P 0.05). Sampling efficiency was significantly influenced by physical habitat characteristics. Mean current velocity negatively influenced sampling efficiencies for Cyprinidae (P = 0.009), Cottidae (P = 0.006), and Percidae (P < 0.001), and the amount of cobble substrate negatively influenced sampling efficiencies for Cyprinidae (P = 0.025), Ictaluridae (P < 0.001), and Percidae (P < 0.001). Water temperature negatively influenced sampling efficiency for Cyprinidae (P = 0.009) and Ictaluridae (P = 0.006). Species-richness efficiency was positively i...
Surgical procedures and outcomes among children with sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND:Although children with sickle cell disease often undergo surgery, there are limited current epidemiological data for this pediatric population. We performed a database analysis to estimate population characteristics, surgical procedures, and perioperative outcomes in this population.METHO
Wegener’s Granulomatosis: Electron Microscopic and Immunofluorescent Studies

We report a case of classic Wegener's granulomatosis. Direct immunofluorescent study showed finely granular deposits of IgG and IgM in some of the alveolar walls, and of IgM in the maxillary sinus arteries. Electron-microscopic study of the lung and maxillary sinus showed intravascular fibrin, but failed to demonstrate electron-dense deposits in the blood vessel walls. Our patient also had circulating cryoglobulins, consisting of IgG, IgM, Clq, and C3, and evidence of circulating immune complexes as demonstrated by the Clq-binding test. These findings suggest that circulating immune complexes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the respiratory lesions of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Mapping quantitative trait loci using both extremely discordant and concordant sib pairs: a unified approach for meta-analysis

Extremely discordant (ED) and concordant (EC) sib pairs are recommended by Risch and Zhang ( 1995, 1996 ) and Zhang and Risch ( 1996 ) for the detection of linkage on the basis of power analysis. They did not, however, include both discordant and concordant sib pairs simultaneously in the test statistic. We construct a new test statistic including both types of sib pairs. The size of the sample needed to identify the sib pairs and parents, who will be genotyped, is reduced substantially by including a hybrid of discordant and concordant sib pairs in the analysis. This mixed design also provides a common parameter that simplifies meta-analysis of sib pair linkage studies.
Bevacizumab in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from preexisting vessels, is a fundamental step in tumor growth and progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key angiogenic factor implicated in tumor blood vessel formation and permeability. Overexpression of VEGF has been observed in a variety of cancers and has been associated with a worse relapse-free and overall survival. The antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF, has shown clinical benefit in multiple cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on the favorable results of a prior randomized, phase II trial, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group conducted a trial (E4599) to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with recurrent or advanced stage IIIB or IV nonsquamous cell NSCLC. Exclusion criteria included squamous cell histology, brain metastases, significant hemoptysis, or inadequate organ function or performance status >1. The primary study end point was overall survival. The median duration of survival in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group was 12.3 months compared with 10.3 months in the chemotherapy alone group (P = 0.003). Significant bleeding was more frequent in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group, 4.4% compared with 0.9% (P = 0.001). There were 15 treatment-related deaths in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group, including 5 due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Future and current directions include evaluation of bevacizumab in earlier stages of NSCLC, in SCLC, and in combination with other targeted agents, such as erlotinib.
GROUPS WITH PRESCRIBED AUTOMORPHISM GROUP: A CLARIFICATION

In Theorems 1 and 2 of [] necessary and sufficient conditions were given for a group G to have a finite automorphism group Aut G and a semisimple subgroup of central automorphisms Aut c G . Recently it occurred to us, as a result of conversations with Ursula Webb, that these conditions could be stated in a much simpler and clearer form. Our purpose here is to record this reformulation. For an explanation ofterminology and notation we refer the reader to [1].
Intention Understanding and Partner-Sensitive Behaviors in Young Children’s Peer Interactions

Recent research on peer interaction shows that complex, coordinated play emerges around 24 months. Increased understanding of others’ intentions has been proposed as a reason for its emergence at this juncture. In this study, we assessed understanding of the intentional structure of human action in children aged 19 to 39 months by eliciting verbal explanations of observed action. We hypothesized that more elaborated understanding of intention would be related to more partner-sensitive behaviors during interactions with familiar, same-age peers at home. We found that level of intention understanding predicted types of overtures made, types of objects offered, monitoring partner responses, partner compliance, and types of speech acts addressed to partners. Results are discussed in terms of the contribution of intention understanding to interactive competence, the role of linguistic competence in conceptual development, the effects of context on the production of speech acts and developing theory of mind.
Indications for Seeking a Medical Consultation

Abstract Recognizing barriers to academic success and full student development, some of which are medical in nature, is a primary task of school psychologists. Expanding biomedical information compels school-based psychologists to collaborate with medical professionals when their input can clarify diagnostic issues and expand treatment choices. This article specifies five indications, or red flags, that typically warrant a medical consultation: (a) paroxysmal changes in consciousness, (b) acute changes in functioning, (c) progressive loss of previously mastered developmental milestones or skills, (d) behavioral or attention problems with possible organic bases, and (e) the presence of physical stigmata or dysmorphic features. The article reviews the rationale for seeking medical consultations and suggests with whom school psychologists might consult. In addition, several questions are posed whose answers could inform practice.
Deep space optical communications link availability and data volume

Optical links from a spacecraft at planetary distance to a ground-based receiver presume a cloud free line of site (CFLOS). Future ground-based optical reeiving networks, should they be implemented, will rely on site diversity of could cover to increase link availability.
Mediated action and the study of communication: The lessons of L. S. Vygotsky and M. M. Bakhtin

This article reviews the problem of disciplinary isolation in the human sciences, especially as it relates to psychology, and outlines how this problem can be addressed with the help of ideas of two figures—L. S. Vygotsky and M. M. Bakhtin. Vygotsky's claims about the social origins of individual mental functioning and his analyses of how cultural tools mediate social and individual functioning provide a means for relating individual mental functioning to cultural, historical, and institutional settings. Bakhtin's ideas about dialogicality, multivoicedness, and related phenomena complement and extend Vygotsky's claims and provide further theoretical means for integrating various disciplines’ contributions to the human sciences through the study of communication. After reviewing the contributions of Vygotsky and Bakhtin, an illustration concerned with multivoicedness in historical representation is provided.
Differential accuracy of elastomeric recording materials and associated weight change.

Six interocclusal recording materials: COE Bite Creme, Blu-Mousse, Correct Bite, Blue Velvet, Memosil C.D. and Ramitec brands, were studied for evaluation of their dimensional stability and associated weight change. The materials were divided into six groups of 10 samples and tested between metal dental casts on the hydroptic test and measurement system. Dimensional changes among the materials were not significantly different. Weight changes among materials were significantly different but did not exceed 0.1%. All 6 brands were highly accurate and dimensionally stable.
Understanding and Quantifying Arc Flash Hazards in the Mining Industry

Arc flash generally refers to the dangerous exposure to thermal energy released by an arcing fault on an electrical power system, and in recent years, arc flash hazards have become a prominent safety issue in many industries. This problem, however, has not been effectively addressed in the mining industry. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) data for the period 1990 through 2001 attribute 836 injuries to “noncontact electric arc burns,” making them the most common cause of electrical injury in mining. This paper presents results from several elements of a recent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study of arc flash hazards in mining and provides information and recommendations that can help reduce these injuries. The characteristics of past arc flash injuries in mining are first outlined, such as the electrical components and work activities involved (based on MSHA data). This is followed by a review of important concepts and terminology needed to understand this hazard. Next, methods for identifying, measuring, and managing arc flash hazards on a power system are covered, with emphasis on recommendations found in NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Finally, results are presented from a detailed arc flash hazard analysis performed on a sample mine electrical power system using IEEE 1584-2004a, focusing on components and locations presenting severe hazards, as well as engineering solutions for reducing the risk to personnel.
Glucose-dependent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, but not cytoplasmic calcium, correlates with insulin secretion in single islet cells

We examined the effects of different physiological concentrations of glucose on cytoplasmic Ca2+ handling and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and insulin secretion in single mouse islet cell...
Power controlled multirate multimedia transmission in self-encoded spread spectrum over dynamic fading channels

In this paper, we propose to apply power control to self-encoded spread spectrum (SESS) in multirate and multimedia applications. The transmitter employs power control to to combat dynamic channel fading and the receiver employs decorrelation to reduce interference from multiple applications. We show that iterative detection can significantly improve the system performance. The proposed approach also improves the power efficiency which is essential in battery-driven communications such as mobile cellular systems.
Whither the Arctic? Conflict or cooperation in the circumpolar north

Biophysical changes underway in the Arctic have stirred a remarkable surge of interest and concern in many quarters, including non-Arctic states and non-state actors. This article explores the implications of these developments for the pursuit of governance in the region. Many reactions to this situation are more alarmist than alarming. But recent developments do provide an excellent opportunity to reassess the effectiveness of existing arrangements and to enquire about the need for new forms of governance. The article does not support the claims of those who argue that a comprehensive, legally binding Arctic treaty (or even an Arctic Charter) is required at this time. Rather, it argues the case for a somewhat messier but more effective tripartite governance complex featuring an agreement to set aside without extinguishing claims to extended continental shelf jurisdiction on the part of the littoral states, an effort to adjust the character of the Arctic Council to meet emerging needs in the Arctic, and a push to devise issue-specific regulative regimes to address concerns involving shipping, fishing, and off-shore oil and gas development.
Enhancing methodological clarity: principle‐based concept analysis

Aims. The aim of this paper is to operationalize the principle-based method of concept analysis. Background. While nursing has embraced the use of concept analysis as a valid and significant entree into an area of research, methodological development has created strategies of inquiry that vary in purpose and in the nature of their findings. Discussion. We propose that, as the primary utility of concept analysis is to determine the existing state of the science so that further work may be strategically and appropriately planned, the method described as principle-based concept analysis is superior in providing evidence to support subsequent inquiry into the concept of interest. Three problematic issues are discussed in an effort to clarify and procedurally explicate the strategies employed in this approach: selecting disciplinary literatures for inclusion in the analysis; conceptually-driven sampling issues; and within- and across-discipline analytic techniques. Conclusion. In this form of concept analysis, each principle contributes to an understanding of the strengths and limitations of the present state of the concept in the scientific literature. We believe that this perspective will enable nursing to begin to harness the power of concept analysis for advancing science rather than simply imagining what a concept could be or constructing what we believe it should be.
Family-Based Empirically Supported Interventions

In this article, the authors evaluate family-based counseling interventions from the perspective of the Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions (PESI). At the broadest level of evidence, both the qualitative and meta-analytic reviews provide substantial support for the general efficacy of family-based interventions. At more specific levels of evidence, family-based intervention programs that target at-risk adolescents demonstrate clinical success with a variety of clients and problems, in many locales, when delivered by a range of interventionists. Finally, the authors provide some thoughts on the current state of family-based intervention research and the value of the PESI criteria for identifying and developing effective treatments, as well as guiding future family-based research.
Gender differences in power and self-disclosure in dating and married couples.

The relationship between power and self-disclosure was studied for 20 dating and 20 married couples. Power and self-disclosure scales (of feelings and of accomplishments) were constructed and administered individually. We hypothesized that: (1) Women disclose more about feelings than men. (2) Men disclose more about accomplishments than women. (3) Power is positively correlated with disclosure of accomplishments. (4) Power is negatively correlated with disclosure of feelings and weaknesses. (5) Dating men are more powerful than dating women, but there are no gender differences in power in marriage. Hypotheses 1,3, and 5 were supported. Hypotheses 2 and 4 were rejected. Our findings revealed that there were no differences in power or disclosure of accomplishments between men and women for the total group. However, a significant interaction was found between gender and marital status for power. Dating men had more power than dating women, but married women had more power than married men. Last, women disclosed more feelings than men across both groups.
A segmentation-based fine-grained peer sharing technique for delivering large media files in content distribution networks

Delivering large media files over the Internet is a challenging task because it has some unique features that are different from delivering conventional Web documents. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained peer sharing technique for dealing with the problem in the context of content distribution networks. The key difference of the technique from conventional peer-to-peer systems is that the unit of peer sharing is not a complete media file, but at a finer granularity. By doing so, we improve the flexibility of replica servers for handling client requests. We analyze the storage requirement at replica servers and design a scheduling algorithm to coordinate the delivery process from multiple replica servers to a client. Our simulations show that the fine-grained peer sharing approach can reduce the initial latency of clients and the rejection rate of the system significantly over a simple peer sharing method
Valuing employee stock options under SFAS 123R using the Black–Scholes–Merton and lattice model approaches

Abstract In 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment s (SFAS 123R), requiring all entities to recognize as expense the fair value of stock options issued to employees for services provided. Because employee stock options cannot be traded publicly, their fair value must be estimated using a model, with the Black–Scholes–Merton (BSM) and lattice models being the most appropriate alternatives. This teaching note provides an overview of employee stock options, followed by a discussion of the BSM and lattice valuation models, including their application and limitations. A project which has been used in financial accounting courses is also presented. The conceptual discussion coupled with illustrated examples will help students enhance their understanding of fair value estimation of and accounting for employee stock options under the recently adopted SFAS 123R.
Modeling and control of a six-axis precision motion control stage

This work presents a newly developed six-axis magnetic suspension stage for precision motion control. The designed travel volume is 4/spl times/4/spl times/2 mm in translation and 1/spl deg//spl times/1/spl deg//spl times/2/spl deg/ in rotation. A dynamic model of the feedback linearized and uncoupled stage is developed for the purpose of motion control. Model parameter variations are demonstrated through closed-loop system identification. In motion control, a parameter variation model is proposed in conjunction with a reduced order observer to compensate the joined effect of disturbance, modeling error, and cross coupling. Experimental results in terms of positioning stability, motion resolution, rotational motion control, model regulation, large travel multiaxis contouring, and disturbance rejection are shown. Uniform positioning stability and invariant dynamic response within the designed travel volume are illustrated.
Soybean vegetative lipoxygenases are not vacuolar storage proteins

The paraveinal mesophyll (PVM) of soybean is a distinctive uniseriate layer of branched cells situated between the spongy and palisade chlorenchyma of leaves that contains an abundance of putative vegetative storage proteins, Vspα and Vspβ, in its vacuoles. Soybean vegetative lipoxygenases (five isozymes designated as Vlx(A–E)) have been reported to co-localise with Vsp in PVM vacuoles; however, conflicting results regarding the tissue-level and subcellular localisations of specific Vlx isozymes have been reported. We employed immuno-cytochemistry with affinity-purified, isozyme-specific antibodies to reinvestigate the subcellular locations of soybean Vlx isozymes during a sink limitation experiment. VlxB and VlxC were localised to the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of PVM cells, whereas VlxD was present in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of mesophyll chlorenchyma (MC) cells. Label was not associated with storage vacuoles or any evident protein bodies, so our results cast doubt on the hypothesis that Vlx isozymes function as vegetative storage proteins.
Some remarks on multilinear maps and interpolation

A multilinear version of the Boyd interpolation theorem is proved in the context of quasi-normed rearrangement-invariant spaces. A multilinear Marcinkiewicz interpolation theorem is obtained as a corollary. Several applications are given, including estimates for bilinear fractional integrals.
Asymmetric mandibular prognathism: A 30-year retrospective case report

A healthy white man with marked facial and dental asymmetry, a consequence of unilateral mandibular condylar hyperplasia, was treated with conventional fixed edgewise appliance therapy combined with orthognathic surgery (bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus). Pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term follow up records for the patient at ages 26 years 11 months, 28 years 6 months, and 58 years 7 months are presented. Thirty years after treatment, the results remain stable. The pretreatment and posttreatment records were presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in 1976 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for board certification.
Entrepreneurial human resource leadership: A conversation with Dwight Carlson

In his blunt and engaging manner, visionary entrepreneur Dwight Carlson has insightful and provocative things to say about leadership, communication and team development, and motivation. We argue that Carlson is an “entrepreneurial leader” who has learned how to create an environment that fosters innovation, hard work, a sense of fun, and “team spirit” and which results in highly motivated and productive staff. At the same time, we recognize that not all entrepreneurs necessarily share Carlson's “bravado.” Nevertheless, his example as founder and CEO of several high-tech start-up companies sheds light on the unique contours of entrepreneurial human resource leadership. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
San Andreas Fault Rupture Scenarios from Multiple Paleoseismic Records: Stringing Pearls

We present a new method to objectively combine paleoseismic event data from multiple sites into rupture scenarios and apply it to the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) of California. First, a pool is constructed of all ruptures between sites allowed by fault geometry and available event age probability distribution functions (PDFs). Scenarios constructed by drawing from this pool are evaluated by the average quality of agreement event dating evidence, by the degree of misfit of cumulative displacement over all ruptures compared to a prediction from the fault slip rate and elapsed time, and by the number of events in the scenario. Three slip-rate models from the 2008 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) were considered. Scenarios with full fault length ruptures tend to be inconsistent with low slip rates through the San Bernardino and San Gorgonio sections of the SSAF. Favorable scenarios tend to include 1857-like ruptures for three of the most recent five prehistoric ruptures in the northern half of the SSAF from Carrizo to approximately Wrightwood. They also include one to two ruptures that involve the southern half of the SSAF, but most earthquakes there appear shorter and exhibit less consistency from event to event. By combining paleoseismic data into ensembles of scenarios and selecting viable scenarios using external constraints, our method provides rupture histories useful for seismic hazard assessment without having to first settle which event at a site correlates with those at adjoining sites. This opens a way for paleoseismic data to be used with greater power to understand the seismic hazard posed by faults like the southern San Andreas.
Intravascular Modalities for Detection of Vulnerable Plaque Current Status

Progress in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is dependent on a greater understanding of the mechanisms of coronary plaque progression. Autopsy studies have characterized a subgroup of high-risk, or vulnerable, plaques that result in acute coronary syndromes or sudden cardiac death. These angiographically modest plaques share certain pathologic characteristics: a thin, fibrous cap, lipid-rich core, and macrophage activity. Diagnostic techniques for vulnerable-plaque detection, including serologic markers and noninvasive and invasive techniques, are needed. Recent advances in intravascular imaging have significantly improved the ability to detect high-risk, or vulnerable, plaque in vivo by using various features of plaque vulnerability as methods of identification. The characteristic anatomy of a thin, fibrous cap overlying a lipid pool has promoted high-resolution imaging, such as intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and intracoronary magnetic resonance. The lipid-rich core is identifiable by angioscopically detected color changes on the plaque surface or by its unique absorption of energy, or "Raman shift," of its cholesterol core, driving coronary spectroscopy. Finally, temperature heterogeneity arising at foci of plaque inflammation has prompted the development of intracoronary thermography. In this review, we will discuss these techniques, their relative advantages and limitations, and their potential clinical application.
Microwave mixers employing multiple-barrier semiconductor heterostructure devices

Experimental data on mixer performance of unipolar semiconductor heterostructure diodes containing bulk alloy-ramp barriers are presented. Prototype Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs heterostructures containing one, two, and four barriers are fabricated by MBE and tested in a single-ended mixer circuit at 10 GHz. The devices with two and four barriers, which exhibit improved performance over the single-barrier device, achieve conversion losses between 4 and 6 dB and noise temperature ratios between 1.5 and 2 at 300 K. Several significant advantages over contending Schottky diodes are also discussed. The results indicate that multiple-barrier devices are good candidates for use in microwave and millimeter-wave mixer circuits. >
Evolving FDTD into a nanophotonics design optimization tool

The initial evolution of FDTD into a tool for optimizing (not just verifying) nanophotonics device designs is described. Parallelization to multiple computers and FDTD features allowing reasonable accuracy even with coarse gridding are described.