cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status of the nuclear matter equation of state as determined from compression modes

Abstract The nuclear matter (NM) equation of state (EOS) is a very important ingredient in the study of properties of nuclei, heavy-ion collisions, neutron stars and supernova. An accurate determination of the symmetric NM incompressibility coefficient K nm , is needed in order to determine the EOS around the saturation point. We review the current status of K nm , as deduced from a comparison of experimental data on excitation cross sections of isoscalar compression modes with theoretical predictions of relativistic and non-relativistic models. We present our recent theoretical results and discuss the resolutions of the long standing discrepancies in the value of K nm deduced from (i) data on isoscalar monopole and dipole resonances and (ii) relativistic and non-relativistic calculations.
Receptor-operated calcium influx mediated by protein tyrosine kinase pathways.

AbstractCalcium influx from the extracellular space elicited by activation of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled and heptahelical receptors plays a critical role in transmembrane signal transduction in a wide variety of cell systems. In nonexcitable cells, the precise voltage-independent mechanism by which calcium enters the cell remains unknown. Multiple mechanisms appear to be operating in different cell types (1–3): 1. G protein-operated calcium influx, 2. second messenger-operated calcium influx, 3. capacitative calcium influx, and 4. phosphorylation of calcium channels. Receptor-operated calcium channels have a fundamental role in stimulus-secretion coupling in many different cells, but these channels remain to be purified and cloned. This review proposes that receptor-operated calcium influx is mediated by protein tyrosine kinase pathways. The function of protein tyrosine kinase pathways and their interactions with other receptor-operated calcium influx mechanisms are described.
Ion-dependent stages of the cortical reaction in surface complexes isolated from Arbacia punctulata eggs.

Ion requirements for exocytotic release and assembly of secretory products have been examined in surface complexes isolated from Arbacia punctulata eggs. Ca2+ and other components of artificial seawater, contained in simplified media, have been shown to modulate the cortical reaction in vitro. The ultrastructural appearance of the fertilization envelopes and the “mosaic” membrane sheets, formed during exocytosis, were varied as a function of divalent ion concentration. Moreover, both Ca2+ and Na+ were required for envelope assembly. In the presence or absence of ATP, higher levels of Ca2+ were required for exocytotic release than reported for other species. Further, Mg2+ was found to inhibit Ca2+ activation of secretion when K+ was omitted from the incubation mixture containing the surface complex. Together these data indicate that structural modification of the egg surface during the cortical reaction is primarily dependent on the extracellular milieu.
Analysis of glycans derived from glycoconjugates by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry†

The high structural variation of glycan derived from glycoconjugates, which substantially increases with the molecular size of a protein, contributes to the complexity of glycosylation patterns commonly associated with glycoconjugates. In the case of glycoproteins, such variation originates from the multiple glycosylation sites of proteins and the number of glycan structures associated with each site (microheterogeneity). The ability to comprehensively characterize highly complex mixture of glycans has been analytically stimulating and challenging. Although the most powerful mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS techniques are capable of providing a wealth of structural information, they are still not able to readily identify isomeric glycan structures without high order tandem MS (MSn). The analysis of isomeric glycan structures has been attained using several separation methods, including high-pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and gas chromatography (GC). However, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microfluidics capillary electrophoresis (MCE) offer high separation efficiency and resolutions, allowing the separation of closely related glycan structures. Therefore, interfacing CE and MCE to MS is a powerful analytical approach, allowing potentially comprehensive and sensitive analysis of complex glycan samples. This review describes and discusses the utility of different CE and MCE approaches in the structural characterization of glycoproteins and the feasibility of interfacing these approaches to mass spectrometry.
Parental history and early-onset type 2 diabetes in African Americans and Latinos in Chicago.

Abstract Objective: To examine the role of parental diabetes mellitus (DM) in the development of type 2 DM among children and adolescents from high-risk ethnic groups. Study design: A population-based dataset of insulin-treated diabetes among African American and Latino children Results: Of all the patients, 76% had no known diabetic parent; 7% had father only; 15% had mother only; and 2.5% had two diabetic parents. Parental DM was more likely in type 2 than in type 1 children (only paternal, 15.9% vs 5.5%, P P P Conclusion: A positive parental history of DM appears to be more strongly related to childhood type 2 than to type 1 DM. Whether this is a reflection of genetic or behavioral factors is yet unclear. (J Pediatr 2002;141:825-29)
Radicals of fuzzy ideals

Abstract There are several natural ways to fuzzify the concepts of prime ideal, primary ideal, the radical of an ideal, and the primary representation of an ideal in a commutative ring. In this paper, we introduce some new approaches and compare them with known ones. Our main goal is to unify the various possible fuzzy primary representations of a fuzzy ideal to prepare the way for the study of fuzzy nonlinear systems of equations.
Structured correspondence topic models for mining captioned figures in biological literature

A major source of information (often the most crucial and informative part) in scholarly articles from scientific journals, proceedings and books are the figures that directly provide images and other graphical illustrations of key experimental results and other scientific contents. In biological articles, a typical figure often comprises multiple panels, accompanied by either scoped or global captioned text. Moreover, the text in the caption contains important semantic entities such as protein names, gene ontology, tissues labels, etc., relevant to the images in the figure. Due to the avalanche of biological literature in recent years, and increasing popularity of various bio-imaging techniques, automatic retrieval and summarization of biological information from literature figures has emerged as a major unsolved challenge in computational knowledge extraction and management in the life science. We present a new structured probabilistic topic model built on a realistic figure generation scheme to model the structurally annotated biological figures, and we derive an efficient inference algorithm based on collapsed Gibbs sampling for information retrieval and visualization. The resulting program constitutes one of the key IR engines in our SLIF system that has recently entered the final round (4 out 70 competing systems) of the Elsevier Grand Challenge on Knowledge Enhancement in the Life Science. Here we present various evaluations on a number of data mining tasks to illustrate our method.
Thai Buddhism in America: an historical and contemporary overview

This article describes the history and practice of Thai Buddhism in America from the early 1970s, when the tradition first arrived, to the present. It is the first systematic historical overview of the tradition in the United States and is based largely on unique information gathered over an eighteen-month period in interviews with the Abbots of eighty-seven Thai Buddhist temples in America. After providing a brief history of Thai immigration, the paper presents and analyzes the history and current locations, leadership, attendership, and activities of Thai Buddhist temples in the United States. At the center of the paper is evidence of the multidimensional ways Thai Buddhism is adapting in the American context.
Selective Herbivory in Tassel-Eared Squirrels: Role of Monoterpenes in Ponderosa Pines Chosen as Feeding Trees

Ponderosa pine twigs collected from trees used by tassel-eared squirrels as sources of cortical tissue for food contained smaller amounts of monoterpenes than twigs from similar trees not used by the squirrels as food sources. Of the 18 monoterpenes isolated from the twig samples, alpha-pinene was the best single predictor of food source trees. In experiments with captive tassel-eared squirrels, consumption of a preferred food was inversely correlated with the concentration of alpha-pinene added to the food.
Photonics: metamaterials to beat the static.

The development of superconducting metamaterials opens the way to a new level of control over electromagnetic fields.
From Personality and Assessment (1968) to Personality Science, 2009

Abstract This article reviews the context in which Personality and Assessment (1968) was written, why I wrote it, what it said and did not say, and the key challenges and issues it raised for the field in the 40 years since its publication. I focus on the theoretical re-conceptualization that became the Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) model of personality, the empirical discoveries about the structure and organization of the individual’s social behavior that enabled it, and the resolutions they allow for the problems identified in the 1968 book. These developments also suggest a very different agenda, indeed a new paradigm, for the future of personality science, which is outlined here.
Binding constants of isolated NGF-receptors from different species

It is known that NGF-responsive cells bind NGF at cell surface receptors in a specific and saturable fashion and there are two separate kinds of receptor-ligand binding interactions as judged by Rosenthal analyses. Following isolation of nerve growth factor receptors from embryonic chicken sensory ganglia, rat pheochromocytoma cells and human neuroblastoma cells, equilibrium binding studies were carried out and two different equilibrium binding constants similar to that described for whole cells were determined. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that there are two different receptors for NGF which have been conserved.
A holistic approach to control process safety risks: Possible ways forward

Abstract Pursuing process safety in a world of continuously increasing requirements is not a simple matter. Keeping balance between producing quality and volume under budget constraints while maintaining an adequate safety level proves time and time again a difficult task given that evidently major accidents cannot be avoided. Lack of resilience from an organizational point of view to absorb unwanted and unforeseen disturbances has in recent years been put forward as a major cause, while organizational erosive drift is shown to be responsible for complacency and degradation of safety attitude. A systems approach to safety provides a new paradigm with the promise of new comprehensive tools. At the same time, one realizes that risk assessment will fall short of identifying and quantifying all possible scenarios. First, human error is in most assessments not included. It is even argued that determining human failure probability by decomposing it to basic elements of error is not possible. Second, the crux of the systemic approach is that safety is an emergent property, which means the same holds for the technological aspect: risk is not fully predictable from failure of components. By surveying and applying recent literature, besides analysing, this paper proposes a way forward by considering resilience of a socio-technical system both from an organizational and a technical side. The latter will for a large part be determined by the plant design. Sufficient redundancy and reserve shall be kept to preserve sufficient resilience, but the question that rises is how. Available methods are risk assessment and process simulation. It is helpful that the relation between risk and resilience analysis has been recently defined. Also, in a preliminary study the elements of resilience of a process have become listed. In the latter, receiving and interpreting weak signals to boost situational awareness plays an important role. To maintain alertness on the functioning of a safety management system, the process industry is monitoring safety performance indicators. The critical intensity level upon which management must be alarmed is less simple. Risk assessment may be improved, made dynamic, and be a tool of process control by taking account of short-term risk fluctuations based on sensor signals and the influence of human factors with its long-term changes via indicators. Bayesian network can provide the infrastructure. The paper will describe various complexities when applying a holistic control of safety to a process plant in general, and it will more specifically focus on safeguarding measures such as barriers and other controls with some examples.
Democracy, bureaucracy and difference in US community development politics since 1968

Manuel Castells' (1983) groundbreaking investigation of urban social movements traced `the decisive input of purposive social action' through case studies over five centuries, culminating in the 1960s social revolts in US cities. This paper continues the narrative forward by examining the changing dynamics of community development politics in US cities since 1968. Structural transformations under neoliberalism marked the end of the democratic/redistributive phase of community development, radically altered the material, strategic and institutional terrain of community development politics, and opened a space for new forms of purposive social action aimed at enduring goals of social justice.
Physical, Chemical, and Sensory Evaluation of Ogi from Sorghum of Differing Kernel Characteristics

Seven sorghums were processed into ogi, a Nigerian fermented porridge. The color, taste, texture, aroma, and consistency of the ogis were evaluated to determine which sorghums had the best properties for ogi preparation. In general, nonwaxy, white sorghums gave ogi the highest ratings for these properties. Waxy sorghums produced ogi with poor, undesirable consistency. The brown high tannin sorghums produced ogi with undesirable brownish-red color, poor consistency and texture, and low in vitro starch and protein digestibility. Ogi prepared with TAM680 and Funk G776W most closely resembles Nigerian ogi.
Évaluation du facteur de prolifération Ki67 dans le diagnositc différentiel néoplasie intra-épithéliale de haut grade de malignité vs adénocarcinome intracanalaire de prostate

Les lesions cribriformes et/ou papillaires de la prostate observees sur des prelevements de petite taille (biopsies ou resection prostatiques) peuvent poser des problemes de diagnostic differentiel, en particulier entre neoplasie intra-epitheliale de haut grade (PIN) et adenocarcinome intracanalaire. But du travail Evaluer le facteur de proliferation Ki67 dans ces 2 lesions. Methodes 17 cas de PIN et 17 cas d’adenocarcinome intracanalaire ont ete inclus a partir de pieces de prostatectomie radicale. Le facteur de proliferation Ki67 a ete evalue en immunohistochimie a l’aide de l’anticorps MIB1. Resultats 82 % des adenocarcinomes intracanalaires presentaient une architecture mixte papillaire et cribriforme. Les lesions de PIN etaient d’architecture papillaire, cribriforme ou mixte. L’index de proliferation Ki67 etait statistiquement plus eleve dans les adenocarcinomes intracanalaires : 6+/-3 % dans les PIN vs 33+/-11 % dans les adenocarcinomes intracanalaires (p Conclusion L’evaluation de la proliferation cellulaire associee aux criteres histologiques peut etre une aide dans le diagnostic differentiel entre PIN et adenocarcinome intracanalaire de la prostate lorsque les prelevements sont exigus.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of Two Fixation Methods for Transverse Osteotomies of the Medial Proximal Forelimb Sesamoid Bones in Horses

Objective This study compared the mechanical properties of the normal intact suspensory apparatus and two methods of fixation for repair of transverse, midbody fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones of adult horses: transfixation wiring (TW) and screws placed in lag fashion (LS). Study Design An in vitro, paired study using equine cadaver limbs mounted in a loading apparatus was used to test the mechanical properties of TW and LS. Animal or Sample Population Seventeen paired (13 repaired, 4 normal) equine cadaver limbs consisting of the suspensory apparatus third metacarpal bone, and first and second phalanges. Methods The two methods of repair and normal intact specimens were evaluated in single cycle-to-failure loading. Yield failure was defined to occur at the first notable discontinuity (>50 N) in the load-displacement curve, the first visible failure as evident on the videotape, or a change in the slope of the moment-fetlock angle curve. Ultimate failure was defined to occur at the highest load resisted by the specimen. Corresponding resultant force and force per kg of body weight on the suspensory apparatus, fetlock joint moment, and angle of fetlock dorsiflexion were calculated by use of specimen dimensions and applied load. These were compared along with specimen stiffness, and ram displacement. Results Load on the suspensory apparatus, load on the suspensory apparatus per kg of body weight, moment, applied load, and angle of fetlock dorsiflexion at yield failure were significantly greater for the TW-repaired than for the LS-repaired specimens. A 3 to 5 mm gap was observed before yield failure in most TW-repaired osteotomies. Conclusions Transfixation wiring provided greater strength to yield failure than screws placed in lag fashion in single cycle load-to-failure mechanical testing of repaired transverse osteotomized specimens of the medial proximal forelimb sesamoid bone. Clinical Relevance Our study indicates the initial strength of repair is greater following transfixation wiring than for lag screw fixation. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of these methods of fixation should aid the surgeon contemplating repair of mid-body fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones.
No Farewell To Arms?: Military Disengagement From Politics In Africa And Latin America

In many contemporary nations, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the armed forces play a major role in governing. Historical, economic, and sociological factors have contributed to the political prominence of the military in developing countries. Nevertheless, in the 1980s several states in Latin America restored civilian rule followi
Fragmentation clusters formed in supercritical expansions of 4He.

We have measured the mass distribution of cluster ions formed from a supercritical expansion of helium gas. We find two distinct cluster groups which we identify as condensation and fragmentation clusters. The latter first appear when the expansion conditions approach the critical isentrope. The measurements also suggest that the neutral fragmentation cluster mass distribution is a universal function of the source entropy.
The Invisible majoron

Abstract We give a survey of couplings and possible bounds on singlet majorons, associated with spontaneously broken lepton number. We find that these bounds can depend strongly on short-distance physics, but that, in any case, majorons remain elusive.
EINE NEUARTIGE ALDOLKONDENSATION MIT 2-METHYL-4-PENTENAL UND IHR EINSATZ IN EINER VERBESSERTEN TOTALSYNTHESE VON EPOTHILON B

Die Stabilisierung des Ubergangszustands durch eine gunstige Wechselwirkung zwischen der Doppelbindung von 1 und der Carbonylgruppe von 2 scheint der Grund fur die hohe diastereofaciale Selektivitat der Aldolreaktion zu sein. Auf diesen Schlusselschritt der neuen, effizienten Totalsynthese von Epothilon B folgt eine Suzuki-Kupplung zur Einfuhrung der Thiazoleinheit, eine Noyori-Reduktion unter Kontrolle der Konfiguration an C3 sowie eine abschliesende Makrolactonisierung (siehe Schema). X=Schutzgruppe.
The 100 plus corporate environmental report study: A survey of an evolving environmental management tool

An emerging environmental management tool is the corporate environmental report, a free-standing document, analogous to the corporate annual report, but which covers environmental and often health and safety issues. This study examines the nature of the corporate environmental reports of large, public, US companies to determine which companies produce reports, what type of information is reported, how this information is presented, and who might be the audiences for this information. This study also seeks to identify state of the art practice in corporate environmental reports, drawing on the US reports and leading environmental reports from Europe and Canada. Over 100 US companies now publish corporate environmental reports. These companies are primarily from the manufacturing sector, although they are increasingly part of the service sector. Report issuers identified employees and shareholders as their primary audiences. Both overall report organization and composition as well as report distribution, including the use of the Internet for environmental reporting, were examined. Topics which reflect leading edge environmental practice are identified and examples from reports are given. These topics include integrating business and environmental performance, environmental policy, goals and measurement, management and organizational structure, environmental and resource data presentation, third-party verification, disclosure of negative information, and sustainability. The paper discusses trends in reporting and makes recommendations to improve reports.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Pattern of Si(100): Spontaneous etching with Br 2

Atomic resolution scanning tunneling microscopy of Si(100)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) shows that terrace patterning is possible during etching under tuned conditions of Br fluence and temperature. This patterning reflects the coordinated breaking of dimer bonds with redimerization that produces rows of Si doubly bonded to Br adjacent to Si dimers singly bonded to Br. The concerted desorption of the ${\mathrm{SiBr}}_{2}$ units yields a missing row pattern.
Relative roles of the equatorial upper ocean zonal current and thermocline in determining the timescale of the tropical climate system

In this study, it is demonstrated that the amplitude of the equatorial upper-ocean zonal current anomaly induced by the fast-varying wind forcing (shorter than a year) is much greater than that induced by the slowly varying wind forcing (longer than 2 year), and the center of maximum zonal current anomaly shifts from the central Pacific to the western Pacific with an increase in the timescale of wind forcing. As a result, the zonal advective feedback (the zonal advection of mean sea surface temperature by anomalous current) in a slowly varying climate system becomes weaker and barely induces a low-frequency mode such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation. On the other hand, both amplitude and zonal location of the maximum thermocline anomaly are little changed by the change in the timescale of wind forcing – confined at the strong equatorial upwelling region of the eastern Pacific. Accordingly, the thermocline feedback (the vertical advection of anomalous subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling) is more favorable to generate a low-frequency mode.
Development and Experimental Research on a Formula of Water Inrush Coefficient

Based on analysis of water inrush coefficients developed and applied in deep coal mining with high water pressure, the author proposes that there are some defects of water inrush coefficients in calculation and application. By simulation experiments on the water resistance properties of the aquiclude in a coal seam floor, the author arrived at the distribution and digital characteristics of residual pressure in the course of high-pressure water rising in the water-resisting floor. The formula for a water inrush coefficient has been further revised.
Time decay for solutions to the linearized Vlasov equation

Abstract Time decay for solutions to the initial-value problem for the linearized Vlasov equation is studied. Here Ex = ρ = ∫ gdv and f(v2 ) ≥ 0 is to be sufficiently smooth and strictly decreasing. The initial value for g is to be suitably smooth and small at infinity. When f1 (v2 ) → 0 as |v| → ∞ at an algebraic rate, it is shown that ρ → 0 at an algebraic rate as t → ∞ in both the L2 and maximum norms. When f is a Gaussian, the decay rate is logarithmic. The field E is also shown to decay in the maximum norm for both generic classes of f's. Similar results are obtained in three dimensions for spherically symmetric data. When f has compact support, no decay of the density in L 2(R1) is possible for data of compact support.
Lead Isotopes in Gasoline and Aerosols of Los Angeles Basin, California

The isotopic composition of lead isolated from antiknock gasolines and the aerosols of the Los Angeles basin was determined. The lead isotopic composition of the aerosols was similar to that of rural snow. The high concentration of lead in water of precipitation and that of the surface of the sea can be attributed to automobile exhausts.
Viscosity–molecular weight relationship for fractionated poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was separated into 12 fractions of equal size by a stepwise increase in the amount of solvent in the two-phase liquid fractionation system of phenol-tetrachloroethane (PTCE) (1:1) and n-heptane. Various molecular weight parameters of the fractions were measured by osmotic pressure and gel-permeation chromatography. Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight plots were made for three different solvents at 25°C. Mark-Houwink constants for viscosity-average molecular weight were measured and gave values of K of 2.50, 2.37, and 2.25 × 10−4 dl/g and values of a of 0.73 for 1:1 PTCE, 3:2 PTCE, and o-chlorophenol, respectively. A comparison with the literature values for this polyester was made, and application of the Mark-Houwink equation to the determination of number-average (Mn) and weight-average (Mw) molecular weight of whole polymers is considered.
Termination of Cryptic Unstable Transcripts Is Directed by Yeast RNA-Binding Proteins Nrd1 and Nab3

Summary Studies of yeast transcription have revealed the widespread distribution of intergenic RNA polymerase II transcripts. These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. Yeast RNA binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 direct termination of sn/snoRNAs and recently have also been implicated in premature transcription termination of the NRD1 gene. In this paper, we show that Nrd1 and Nab3 are required for transcription termination of CUTs. In nrd1 and nab3 mutants, we observe 3′-extended transcripts originating from CUT promoters but failing to terminate through the Nrd1- and Nab3-directed pathway. Nrd1 and Nab3 colocalize to regions of the genome expressing antisense CUTs, and these transcripts require yeast nuclear exosome and TRAMP components for degradation. Dissection of a CUT terminator reveals a minimal element sufficient for Nrd1- and Nab3-directed termination. These results suggest that transcription termination of CUTs directed by Nrd1 and Nab3 is a prerequisite for rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.
Issues in the instantiation of template classes

Teaching students to incorporate template classes into their C++ projects is an important concept in object-oriented programming. The most efficient implementation method for template classes is dependent on several factors. Two significant factors are different integrated development environments with differing requirements, and incongruous philosophies among instructors. Herein, several template class instantiation methods under Gnu compilers will be discussed, along with their pros and cons.
Ballistic electron transport in Au films

Femtosecond transient reflectivity measurements on gold films revealed damped oscillations, which are attributed to anisotropic ballistic electron motion and reflection at the film boundaries. A theoretical model based on a modified Fermi-liquid theory can explain the observed oscillation periods as a result of ballistic transport in directions determined by the actual shape of the Fermi surface of Au.
Methoxyphenylthiotrimethylsilylmethyllithium a convenient reagent for the homologation of carbonyl compounds

Abstract A facile homologation procedure for the conversion of carbonyl compounds into ketene-O,S-acetals is described. These intermediates are readily converted into ketene-O-silyl,S-acetals, thioesters, and carboxamides.
An Experimental Investigation of the Action Research Approach

Four memorial/funeral cooperative societies were studied to evaluate their dissemination and use of membership survey results. For two societies, an action research approach was used whereby the societies participated in survey planning and received both prescriptive results and technical assistance from the researchers, the other two did not participate in planning and received only descriptive results. Two additional societies also conducted surveys, one as part of the pilot study, the other on its own, with the former receiving assistance. Follow-up interviews with the societies' officers provided evidence that those societies highly involved in the survey planning that received technical assistance disseminated and used the results more often, and had more favorable attitudes toward the researchers, than did those societies characterized by low involvement or no assistance. The author finds these results support the efficacy of an action research approach combining self-survey with technical assistance.
Work in progress — Assessing engineering service students' characteristics

Engineering service opportunities are becoming more the norm than exceptions as today's engineering curricula evolve. Research is needed to explain why so many engineering students desire service opportunities as part of their engineering education. The goal of the following work in progress is to characterize the students who are currently participating in some form of engineering learning-through-service in order to identify underlying reasons for being drawn to service. Using an array of surveying instruments, a multi-institutional assessment of student perceptions of service as a learning source, engineering epistemological beliefs, personality traits, and self-concepts — self-efficacy, motivation, outcome expectancy, and anxiety — toward engineering design is currently underway. To date what has been learned is that most service students 1) perceive service as heavily impacting their learning of professional and technical skills, 2) have slightly sophisticated engineering epistemological beliefs, 3) are typically outgoing, agreeable, and open-minded, 4) have high self-efficacy, motivation, and expectancy for success toward engineering design, and 5) have relatively low anxiety toward engineering design.
Cocaine reduces macrophage killing by inhibiting reactive nitrogen intermediates.

The present study describes the inhibition of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity (MMC) by cocaine and suggests a possible mechanism. Mice (C57BL/6) were injected i.p. with cocaine. At various intervals after exposure to cocaine, peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were removed, cultured in the presence of interferon gamma and LPS, then incubated with 51Cr labeled target cells. A single injection of > or = 10 mg/kg cocaine was sufficient to inhibit cytotoxicity to P815 cells. This inhibition was evident 3 h after exposure to cocaine and could still be demonstrated 24 h later. Since reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) have been reported to be one of the major mechanisms by which M phi kill, the amounts of NO2- produced by M phi from cocaine-injected animals were compared with that produced by equivalent controls. Cocaine reduced the level of NO2- in a dose-dependent manner which correlated with MMC. There was a significant reduction in NO2- produced by activated M phi, 3 h after i.p. injection of cocaine but not at 24 h, using > or = 5 mg/kg. At 12 h there were differences between M phi from control animals and animals receiving > or = 10 mg/kg cocaine. By 24 h there were no differences between control and cocaine-injected animals even at the highest dose employed (25 mg/kg). These results suggest that cocaine reduces the killing ability of murine M phi through a temporary reduction of RNI.
Numerical Investigation of Strong Crossing Shock-Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions

Numerical results are reported for very strong fully separated three-dimensional crossing shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions at Mach 5. The flowfield is generated by two sharp fins mounted at angle of attack on a flat plate in a manner closely resembling a portion of a scramjet inlet. Two symmetric configurations with fin angles of attack of 18 and 23 deg are considered. The flowfield is determined through solution of the full three-dimensional mean compressible Navier-Stokes equations using a sophisticated κ-e closure model
Differences in developmental changes in academic and social premorbid adjustment between males and females with schizophrenia

The assessment of premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia has received considerable attention because of models suggesting that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in functioning prior to onset of the disorder. Some studies suggest that premorbid adjustment is best viewed as a multidimensional construct where different areas of functioning might be differentially impacted by the illness and sex. The current study examined these matters using of Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) in a sample of 421 individuals with schizophrenia. Confirmatory factory analyses conducted for three developmental periods (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence) and for males and females separately, indicated that the PAS consists of academic and social factors that are invariant across developmental period and sex. However, differences in severity of academic and social premorbid impairment were present between males and females across developmental periods. Findings suggest important differences between males and females in the course of premorbid deterioration prior to onset of schizophrenia.
Relative Effectiveness of Document Titles and Abstracts for Determining Relevance of Documents

Individuals who received documents through a selective dissemination of information system were asked to determine the relevance of documents to their work interests on the basis of titles and of abstracts. The results indicate that there was no significant difference between the usefulness of titles and of abstracts for this purpose.
On Sequencing Retrievals In An Automated Storage/Retrieval System

Abstract This paper addresses throughput improvement by retrieval sequencing in conventional unit load automated storage/retrieval systems when several retrieval requests are available and dual command cycles are performed. Taking first-come-first-served as the reference sequencing rule, the potential for improvement is identified. A “nearest-neighbor” sequencing rule is proposed as an alternative, an analytic model for its expected performance is developed, and Monte Carlo simulation is used for evaluation. In addition, a lower bound on dual command cycle times is developed, and the dynamic behavior of two heuristic sequencing rules is discussed.
Hierarchical multi-level fault simulation of large systems

This article discusses an approach for hierarchical multilevel fault simulation for large systems described at the transistor, gate, and higher levels. The approach reduces the memory requirement of the simulation drastically, thus allowing the simulation of circuits that are too large to simulate at one flat level on typical engineering workstations. This is achieved by exploiting the regularity and modularity found in a hierarchical circuit description that contains many repeated substructures. The hierarchical setup also allows flexible multilevel simulation: behavioral models can replace subcircuits at any level of the hierarchy for accelerated simulation. The simulation algorithms are at the switch level so that general MOS digital designs with bidirectional signal flow can be handled, and both stuck-at and transistor faults are treated accurately. The approach has been implemented in the hierarchical logic and fault simulation system, CHAMP, that runs under UNIX on SUN-3 and SUN-4 workstations. It has been used successfully for simulating and fault grading a large commercial microprocessor.
Gastric bypass for severe obesity: approaches and outcomes.

p p o t p T Bariatric surgery has experienced unprecedented growth n the United States during the last 10 years [1]. Compared ith the late 1980s and early 1990s, when approximately 5,000 bariatric operations were performed each year, in 003 more than 100,000 bariatric operations were perormed in the United States. This growth in bariatric surery, the fastest-growing major operation in the United tates, can be explained by 3 factors: (1) the 4-decades-old pidemic of obesity, (2) steadily improving outcomes for everal bariatric operations, and (3) the introduction of lapaoscopic bariatric surgery with improved perioperative outomes. Since the introduction of bariatric surgery in the United tates in the early 1950s, numerous bariatric operations ave evolved and become extinct. Worldwide today, the ost commonly performed procedures include gastric byass (65%), adjustable gastric banding (24%), vertical anded gastroplasty (5%), and biliopancreatic diversion/ uodenal switch (4%) [2]. The United States accounted for 03,000 of the estimated 146,301 bariatric operations perormed worldwide in 2003. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the ost frequently performed obesity operation in the United tates (85% of operations), followed by laparoscopic adustable gastric banding (9%), duodenal switch (2.5%), and ertical banded gastroplasty (2%). The laparoscopic aproach is now most common; overall, 55% of gastric byass, 100% of adjustable gastric banding, 30% of duodenal witch, and 30% of vertical banded gastroplasty operations re performed laparoscopically.
Petal-like CuO nanostructures prepared by a simple wet chemical method, and their application to non-enzymatic amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide

Uniform and petal-like CuO nanostructures have been deposited on a copper foil substrate by a simple wet chemical method at room temperature through oxidation of elemental copper in strongly alkaline solution. The concentration of NaOH in the precursor solution is critical for the product morphology. The morphology of the CuO nanostructures was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their crystal structure was studied by X-ray diffraction. Their electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The CuO films are shown to represent active electrode materials for non-enzymatic amperometric determination of H2O2. Response to H2O2 in solutions of pH 7.4 at a working potential of −200 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) is linear in the 10 to 960 μM concentration range, with the detection limit 2.1 μM and the sensitivity 5030 μA∙mM−1. Its excellent electrocatalytic activity, large specific surface area, efficient mass transport and electron transfer properties make this electrode a highly sensitive and reliable tool for electrochemical determination of H2O2.
The statistics of words on rings

We analyze sequences of letters on a ring. Our objective is to determine the statistics of the occurrences of a set of r-letter words when the sequence is chosen as a periodic Markov chain of order ≤ r − 1. We first obtain a generating function for the associated probability distribution and then display its Poisson limit. For an i.i.d. letter sequence, correction terms to the Poisson limit are given. Finally, we indicate how a hidden Markov chain fits into this scheme. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimulation of the Superficial Zone Protein and Lubrication in the Articular Cartilage by Human Platelet-Rich Plasma

Background:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of autologous growth factors that originate from platelets. Intra-articular injections of PRP have the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee. Superficial zone protein (SZP) is a boundary lubricant in articular cartilage and plays an important role in reducing friction and wear and therefore is critical in cartilage homeostasis.Purpose:To determine if PRP influences the production of SZP from human joint-derived cells and to evaluate the lubricating properties of PRP on normal bovine articular cartilage.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Cells were isolated from articular cartilage, synovium, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from 12 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. The concentrations of SZP in PRP and culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular proliferation was quantified by determination of cell numbers. The lubrication properties of PRP from healthy ...
Motion compensation for detecting glucose through dual wavelength polarimetric system

The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the United States has led many to pursue methods for non-invasive glucose detection using various optical approaches such as NIR absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and polarization. Polarization approaches using the aqueous humor as the sensing site have been previously shown to achieve 5 mg/dl accuracy in vitro , however accuracy in vivo has yet to be obtained due to motion induced birefringence changes in the cornea. A dual-wavelength close-looped system was developed to compensate for motion artifact. This method has shown 15 mg/dl accuracy in the presence of birefringence changes in the optical path in vitro similar to those that occur in the cornea -- something previous systems were not capable of doing.
Spin Torque Random Access Memory Down to 22 nm Technology

Spin torque random access memory (ST-MRAM) design spaces down to CMOS 22 nm technology node are explored using a dynamic magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ)-CMOS model. The coupled dynamics of MTJ and CMOS is modeled by a combination of MTJ micromagnetic simulation and CMOS SPICE circuit simulation. The paper analyzes trade-offs between MTJ current threshold, MTJ thermal stability and CMOS driving strength. The analysis provides information on physics requirements and technology bottlenecks for MTJ to achieve maximum capacity supported by CMOS 22 nm technology node. Magnetic solutions for MTJ to fully achieve CMOS 22 nm potential capacities are reviewed.
The extended case method

In this article I elaborate and codify the extended case method, which deploys participant observation to locate everyday life in its extralocal and historical context. The extended case method emulates a reflexive model of science that takes as its premise the intersubjectivity of scientist and subject of study. Reflexive science valorizes intervention, process, structuration, and theory reconstruction. It is the Siamese twin of positive science that proscribes reactivity, but upholds reliability, replicability, and representativeness. Positive science, exemplified by survey research, works on the principle of the separation between scientists and the subjects they examine. Positive science is limited by “context effects” (interview, respondent, field, and situational effects) while reflexive science is limited by “power effects” (domination, silencing, objectification, and normalization). The article concludes by considering the implications of having two models of science rather than one, both of which are necessarily flawed. Throughout I use a study of postcolonialism to illustrate both the virtues and the shortcomings of the extended case method. Methodology can only bring us reflective understanding of the means which have demonstrated their value in practice by raising them to the level of explicit consciousness; it is no more the precondition of fruitful intellectual work than the knowledge of anatomy is the precondition of “correct” walking.
What do statistics really tell us about the quality of the data from self-monitoring of blood glucose?

Recently a number of studies have examined the quality of the data obtained from various systems used in the self-monitoring of blood glucose. Many of these studies have used parametric statistical techniques such as the Pearson product-moment correlation (r) and linear regression to evaluate the errors associated with self-monitoring results. These statistical methods, while well known and easily computed on modern computers, are often inappropriate for evaluating either the amount of error associated with self-monitoring or the clinical significance of these errors. For example: 1. a correlation of 1.00 does not necessarily mean that the measurements from a self-monitoring system agree with the true values and are without error; 2. a correlation close to 0.00 does not necessarily mean that the measurements from self-monitoring differ widely from the true values and possess large amounts of error; 3. a slope of 1.0 and a y-intercept of 0.0 in a linear regression equation do not necessarily mean that the self-monitoring measurements agree with the true values; 4. a slope and y-intercept that deviate significantly from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively, do not necessarily mean that such measurements differ widely from the true values. The present paper illustrates some of the limitations and common misconceptions concerning these statistics, and shows that a reliance on these techniques alone can, in certain circumstances, lead to misleading estimates of the amount of error associated with self-monitoring systems and inappropriate descriptions of the clinical significance of these errors. We would wish to discourage the use of these statistics for evaluating the clinical significance of the errors in self-monitoring results, and encourage the use of more appropriate analyses such as error grid analysis.
Thin channel a-Si:H thin film transistors

Summary form only given. One serious problem for active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) is the throughput of the equipment used to deposit the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) active material. One approach to improving throughput would be to decrease the active layer thickness. However, thicknesses below /spl sim/50-70 nm have been avoided due to observed degradation of device saturation current. We have investigated the performance of ultra-thin TFTs by modeling devices of varying thickness and have fabricated ultra-thin a-Si:H TFTs suitable for use in AMLCDs. The ultra-thin active layer TFT structure described can provide improved throughput, simplified processing, higher channel conductance, and current saturation characteristics equal to or better than current devices. In addition, fabrication of thin channel layer devices with doped contact regions is also possible and is directly compatible with commonly used a-Si:H TFT AMLCD processing.
Asymptomatic Liver Abscesses Mimicking Metastases in Patients after Whipple Surgery: Infectious Complications following Percutaneous Biopsy—A Report of Two Cases

We present two cases of hepatic abscesses that mimicked metastases in patients having undergone Whipple surgery. Both patients had similar imaging features on computed tomographic (CT) scan and ultrasound, and at the time of referral for biopsy neither patient was clinically suspected to have liver abscess. Both patients underwent biopsy of liver lesions and developed postprocedural infectious complications.