cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Seller and Product Characteristics Impact Promotion on eBay

This study draws on signaling theory to test whether seller and product characteristics impact the use of display-type versus informational-type promotion on eBay. The authors predict that display-type promotion is used by less-experienced sellers who cannot promote on the basis of their own seller ratings. The authors predict that experienced sellers, on the other hand, prefer informational promotion since their high ratings make seller-provided statements more credible. In addition to seller characteristics, the authors predict that product characteristics, such as price and product condition, also impact promotion. It is expected that higher prices drive greater investments in display-type promotions overall, even if such promotion is less effective. Finally, it is hypothesized that the better the condition of the product, the greater the use of informational promotion since this kind of disclosure is especially influential. The hypotheses were tested using a large data set of auction data from eBay an...
Wounds that won't heal: cartographic anxieties and the quest for territorial integrity in Georgia

This paper examines the role of territorial integrity narratives in the Republic of Georgia, which currently features two separatist territories – Abkhazia and South Ossetia – which are de facto independent and have begun to receive limited international recognition. Political rhetoric is further buttressed by various government policies and practices that help transmit the message of territorial integrity to the Georgian public. Cartographic anxieties, or the preoccupation and fear of a country's loss of territory, is a central feature of Georgian nationalist discourse. Referring to the loss of territory as amputation exemplifies the cartographic anxieties displayed in Georgia. Specifically, I will focus on the role of political discourse, maps, patriotic youth camps and billboards and other elements of the landscape, documenting how they help to reproduce the discourse of territorial integrity. It is precisely these discourses and practices that reproduce territorial integrity narratives and construct t...
Protein kinase C-independent activation of c-jun and c-fos transcription by epidermal growth factor.

Abstract Phorbol esters, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum induce the transient expression of the c- jun and c- fos proto-oncogenes in quiescent fibroblasts. While phorbol esters such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) are thought to induce the transcription of these genes by activating protein kinase C (PKC), the signal transduction pathway(s) mediating the effect of EGF and serum are still unclear. We have investigated whether PKC and/or calcium play a role in mediating EGF-stimulated c- jun and c- fos RNA and protein expression in quiescent NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. PMA, EGF or serum stimulated a rapid, transient increase in c- jun and c- fos expression and c-Jun protein synthesis in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. Depletion of whole cell PKC activity by pretreatment with PMA abolished any subsequent response to PMA, but had no effect on the ability of EGF or serum to induce c- jun and c- fos RNA and c-Jun protein expression. Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that EGF-induced gene expression was due to an increase in the rate of transcription of c- jun and c- fos in both naive and PKC-depleted cells. The role of calcium in the EGF-induced expression of c- jun and c- fos was also investigated using an NIH 3T3 cell line (HER-14) overexpressing the wild type human EGF receptor. Removal of extracellular calcium by chelation with excess EGTA or use of the non-specific calcium channel blocker lanthanide, both of which abolish the EGF-induced calcium transient in HER-14 cells, had no effect on the PMA or EGF induced c- jun or c- fos response. These findings suggest that EGF induces c- jun and c- fos transcription and c-Jun protein synthesis in a manner independent of an increase in intracellular calcium or activation of PKC in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells.
Effect of independent and coupled vibrations of dislocations on low-temperature thermal conductivity in alkali halides

Recent experimental evidence has established that the scattering of phonons by dislocations at low temperatures in [110] LiF rods is primarily a dynamic rather than a static process, but calculations of the effects of vibrating dislocations have failed to provide quantitative agreement with experimental observations of the magnitudes and temperature dependence of the effect. We have performed a calculation which includes many factors previously neglected and show that the effects of resonance angle scattering, phonon focusing, and the resolved shear stress factor have an important influence on the effect of vibrating dislocations on thermal conductivity. However, the detailed calculation shows that in the case of [110] LiF rods the inclusion of these previously neglected factors still does not resolve the discrepancies observed and it is concluded that independently vibrating dislocations are not the important phonon scatterers above 0.1 K in LiF. It is shown, however, that the experimental data may be fit by assuming reasonable densities and distributions of "optically" vibrating dislocation dipoles.
Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence

A procedure that processes a corpus of text and produces numeric vectors containing information about its meanings for each word is presented. This procedure is applied to a large corpus of natural language text taken from Usenet, and the resulting vectors are examined to determine what information is contained within them. These vectors provide the coordinates in a high-dimensional space in which word relationships can be analyzed. Analyses of both vector similarity and multidimensional scaling demonstrate that there is significant semantic information carried in the vectors. A comparison of vector similarity with human reaction times in a single-word priming experiment is presented. These vectors provide the basis for a representational model of semantic memory, hyperspace analogue to language (HAL).
Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of the new lanthanum copper oxysulfide La3CuO2S3

Abstract The new quaternary lanthanum copper oxysulfide La 3 CuO 2 S 3 has been synthesized by the reaction of La 2 S 3 and CuO at 1223 K. This compound crystallizes in space group Pnma of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions at 153 K of a =14.0318(7) A, b =3.9342(2) A, and c =12.5212(6) A. The structure of La 3 CuO 2 S 3 consists of a three-dimensional framework of interconnected LaO n S 8− n bicapped trigonal prisms and CuS 4 tetrahedra. Optical absorption measurements on a La 3 CuO 2 S 3 single crystal led to derived band gaps of 2.01 eV in both the [010] and [001] directions.
Differences between multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease on unstructured neuropsychological tasks.

Abstract Although patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) may have greater aspontaneity than those with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), conventional neuropsychological tests often fail to distinguish between these two dementias. We studied 18 patients with MID and compared them to 18 comparably demented patients with DAT and 18 normal elderly controls on conventional structured tests and two unstructured tasks, a 3-minute verbal description of the Cookie Theft Picture and the Lezak Tinker Toy Test. On the structured tests, the only significant difference between the two dementia groups was worse performance by the DAT patients on several memory measures. On the unstructured tasks, the MID group had significantly fewer words/minute and constructional assemblages. These results suggest that unstructured tasks help distinguish patients with MID from those with DAT, and that MID patients have decreased spontaneous behavior and initiation, possibly reflecting frontal-subcortical pathology and compro...
Formal Thought Disorder and Psychopathology in Pediatric Primary Generalized and Complex Partial Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Objective To examine whether formal thought disorder and psychopathology occurred in children with complex partial seizures (CPS) rather than children with primary generalized epilepsy with absences (PGE) or nonepileptic children. Method Formal thought disorder was coded in 30 children with CPS, 24 children with PGE, and 61 nonepileptic children, and structured interview—based psychiatric diagnoses were obtained for the epileptic subjects. Results The CPS subjects had significantly more illogical thinking than the PGE and nonepileptic children. The severity of their illogical thinking was related to global cognitive dysfunction and a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Age of onset and seizure control, however, were significantly associated with the severity of illogical thinking in the PGE group. One or more psychiatric diagnoses were found in 63% of the CPS and 54% of the PGE patients, particularly if they had global cognitive deficits. Conclusions Illogical thinking, associated with cognitive dysfunction or schizophrenia-like symptoms, might be a feature of pediatric CPS. Psychopathology might be related to global cognitive dysfunction in pediatric CPS and PGE.
SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND CONDUCTIVITY OF NEW ONE-DIMENSIONAL TETRACYANOPLATINATES CONTAINING FLUORINE*

The preparation of partially oxidized K/sub 2/(Pt(CN)/sub 4/)(FHF)/sub 0/ /sub 30/ . 3H/sub 2/O and an analogous ruthenium complex are described. Anhydrous forms of similar ruthenium and cesium complexes have also been prepared. Thermal gravimetric analysis has confirmed that these particular complexes are anhydrous. Crystal structures have been determined by x-ray diffraction. Molecular structures and electrical conductivity are discussed. 4 figures, 1 table.
Electrogastrography in Neonates: The Effect of Gestational Age and Type of Enteral Feedings

Electrogastrography in Neonates: The Effect of Gestational Age and Type of Enteral Feedings
Random closed sets viewed as random recursions

It is known that the box dimension of any Martin-Lof random closed set of \({\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}}\) is \({\log_2(\frac{4}{3})}\). Barmpalias et al. [J Logic Comput 17(6):1041–1062, 2007] gave one method of producing such random closed sets and then computed the box dimension, and posed several questions regarding other methods of construction. We outline a method using random recursive constructions for computing the Hausdorff dimension of almost every random closed set of \({\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N}}\), and propose a general method for random closed sets in other spaces. We further find both the appropriate dimensional Hausdorff measure and the exact Hausdorff dimension for such random closed sets.
Bidirectional pigment granule movements of melanophores are regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

Abstract Studies were conducted to investigate the molecular basis for bidirectional pigment granule transport in digitonin-lysed melanophores. Pigment granule dispersion, but not aggregation, required cAMP and resulted in the phosphorylation of a 57 kd polypeptide. cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor prevented this phosphorylation as well as pigment dispersal. In contrast, both pigment aggregation and the concomitant dephosphorylation of the 57 kd polypeptide were blocked by phosphatase inhibitors. These data support a model in which pigment dispersion and aggregation require protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, respectively. Furthermore, studies using the ATP analog, ATPγS, suggest either that protein phosphorylation alone is sufficient for dispersion or that transport is mediated by a unique force-generating ATPase that can use ATPγS for hydrolyzable energy.
Single amino acid changes in the murine leukemia virus capsid protein gene define the target of Fv1 resistance

The mouse Fv1 genetic locus controls resistance to subgroups of ecotropic, MCF, and amphotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs). In addition to the four previously defined alleles of Fv1 (Fv1(n), Fv1(b), Fv1(nr), Fv1(0)), we present evidence that the novel restriction pattern characteristic of DBA/2J mice maps to the Fv1 locus and therefore represents a novel allele, here designated Fv1(d). Previous studies had demonstrated that the Fv1-mediated viral tropism is determined within the capsid protein gene, and that N- and B-tropic virus capsids differ only in two adjacent amino acids. We introduced various amino acid substitutions at these two sites in the N-tropic AKV MLV capsid gene, and typed resulting viruses for host range on cells carrying all five Fv1 alleles as well as on cells from additional wild mouse species with Fv1-like differences in virus susceptibility. Results indicate that alteration of the first of the two amino acids does not alter tropism, but alteration of the second alone is sufficient to convert the N-tropic AKV MLV to a B-tropic virus. Substitution of leucine for arginine at this site produced a virus with an unusual tropism not characteristic of any of the naturally occurring or laboratory strains of MuLV.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT ANEURYSM FOLLOWING TETRALOGY OF FALLOT REPAIR

Aneurysms (AN) of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) following tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair were analyzed in 53 pts. Pulmonary-to-aortic root ratio, subpulmonic chamber size and supravalvar anatomy were assessed on pre-op angiograms, and operative reports were reviewed for the extent of RVOT reconstruction. AN size, judged from angiograms obtained 2-57 mos following surgery, was graded 1-4+. Large AN (3-4+), comprising more than 1/3 of total RV area on end-systolic lateral images, were found in 20 pts (38%), 3 of whom also had marked cardiomega-ly (4+). Moderate AN (2+) were found in 14 pts (26%) and small RVOT AN (1+) in 19 pts (36%). We excluded 5 pts with a large residual VSD (Qp:Qs>1.8): 4/20 3-4+ pts and 1/33 pts with 1-2+ AN. Pre-op studies on the 3-4+ pts showed smaller pulmonary-to-aortic root diameters (.48±.05 vs .59±.06, p<.05), more tight supravalvar stenoses (38% vs 9%) and a lower incidence of appreciable subpulmonic chambers (31% vs 58%) than in other pts. Age at repair (0.8-12.8 yrs; mean 4.3±1 yr) was not different for those with large vs small AN (4.4±1.5 vs 3.3±1.2). In pts with 3-4+ AN, 15/16 (93%) required pulmonary valvotomy and RVOT patch, compared to 21/33 (63%) of the 1-2+ group. RV/LV pressure ratios were higher in the 3-4+ pts at post-op cath (.65±.12 vs .42±.05, p<.01). Multiple levels of pre-op severe stenosis leading to incomplete relief of outflow obstruction were the chief factors leading to the development of large RVOT aneurysms after TOF repair.
Extension of the Contingency Naming Test to Adult Assessment: Psychometric Analysis in a College Student Sample

The Contingency Naming Test (CNT; Taylor, Albo, Phebus, Sachs, & Bierl, 1987) was initially designed to assess aspects of executive functioning, such as processing speed and response inhibition, in children. The measure has shown initial utility in identifying differences in executive function among child clinical groups; however, there is an absence of adequate psychometric data for use with adults. The current study expanded psychometric data upward for use with a college student sample and explored the measure's test–retest reliability and factor structure. Performance in the adult sample showed continued improvement above child norms, consistent with theories of executive function development. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the CNT is most closely related to measures of processing speed, as well as elements of response inhibition within the latter trials. Overall, results from the current study provide added support for the utility of the CNT as a measure of executive functioning in young adu...
Induction of somatic fusion and heterokaryosis in two incompatible strains of Physarum polycephalum

These studies describe a method for the induction of somatic fusion and production of heterokaryons between two incompatible strains of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum. It was shown that plasmodia disrupted into small nucleated pieces by homogenization undergo fusion and plasmoidal reorganization when incubated under defined conditions. Homogenization and reorganization of two incompatible strains of P. polycephalum resulted in the formation of some heterokaryotic plasmodia which showed the characteristic nuclei of both original strains. Analysis of the fusion characteristics of the reorganized plasmodia and the original strains indicated that the genes which control somatic compatibility were expressed in both nuclear types within the heterokaryotic plasmodia. These studies support the hypothesis that somatic fusion is controlled at the level of the plasmodial surface.
Association of a Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism with heightened Th1 inflammatory responses and antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis.

Objective Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter immune function, inflammatory responses, and disease susceptibility have been identified in several genes encoding Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The TLR SNPs with the best evidence of an effect on immune function are those in TLR1 (1805GG), TLR2 (2258GA), and TLR5 (1174CT). This study was undertaken to assess the frequency and functional outcomes of these polymorphisms in patients with Lyme disease. Methods SNP frequencies and functional outcomes were assessed in 248 patients with Lyme disease. Cytokine and chemokine levels were determined using multiplex assays in the serum of patients with erythema migrans (EM), joint fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis, and supernatants of Borrelia burgdorferi–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with Lyme arthritis. Results The frequency of the TLR1-1805GG polymorphism was greater in patients with antibiotic-refractory arthritis compared with patients with EM or those with antibiotic-responsive arthritis. Early in the illness, patients with EM carrying 1805GG, primarily those infected with B burgdorferi 16S–23S ribosomal spacer RNA intergenic type 1 (RST1) strains, had higher serum levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ), CXCL9, and CXCL10 and had more severe infection than EM patients carrying the 1805TG/TT polymorphism. These inflammatory responses were amplified in patients with Lyme arthritis, and the highest responses were observed in patients with 1805GG in the antibiotic-refractory group who had been infected with RST1 strains. When PBMCs from patients with Lyme arthritis were stimulated with a B burgdorferi RST1 strain, the 1805GG group had a significantly larger fold increase in the levels of IFNγ, CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10 compared to the 1805TG/TT group. In contrast, the TLR2 and TLR5 polymorphisms did not vary in frequency or function among the groups. Conclusion The TLR1-1805GG polymorphism in B burgdorferi RST1–infected patients was associated with stronger Th1-like inflammatory responses, an environment that may set the stage for antibiotic-refractory arthritis.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF SUDANESE ARABIC GENEALOGICAL TRADITION

IModern nationalisms first arose during the later eighteenth century around the wide periphery of the ancient heartland of western culture and gnawed their way inward during the course of the nineteenth century to the core, culminating in World War I.' Each new nationalism generated an original "imagined community" of human beings, part of whose ideological cohesion derived from a sense of shared historical experience. Since the actual historical record would not necessarily satisfy this hunger, it was often found expedient to amend the past through acts of imagination aptly termed the "invention of tradition. "One of the many new "imagined communities" of the long nineteenth century took shape in the northern Nile-valley Sudan between the final disintegration of the old kingdom of Sinnar (irredeemable after the death of the strongman Muhammad Abu Likaylik in 1775) and the publication of Harold MacMichael's A History of the Arabs in the Sudan in 1922.- The new national community born of the col
Sources of Optimism among Prospective Group Members

Prospective members are often overly optimistic about their future experiences in a group. Three possible sources for this optimism were investigated: recruitment efforts by the group, feelings of cognitive dissonance about the group, and a general need for self-enhancement. College freshmen who were interested in joining a particular campus group were asked to evaluate the rewards and costs of membership in that group both for themselves and for the average student. They also described the group's efforts to recruit them and any reasons they had for feeling dissonant about the group. As in previous research, the students were very optimistic about membership in their chosen groups. Neither the recruitment efforts of these groups nor any potential feelings of dissonance about them were strongly related to that optimism. Instead, the students' optimism seemed to arise from a general need for self-enhancement. Students were much more optimistic about their own future experiences in a group than about the ex...
Thermochemiluminescence of Chlorophyll-Carotene Mixtures

ARNOLD1 has measured the emission of light from chloroplasts on illumination and subsequent heating in air. Litvin et al.2 established that oxidation of photo-reduced chlorophyll is accompanied by chemiluminescence. Goedheer and Vegt3 have oxidized chlorophyll in methanol solution with ferric ion and observed chemiluminescence on reducing with ferrous ion.
Multi‐dimensional shock fronts for second order wave equations

On etudie l'existence au temps court et la stabilite structurelle des fronts de choc multidimensionnels pour des equations d'onde quasi lineaires scalaires d'ordre 2
Bovine intramammary Escherichia coli challenge infections in late gestation demonstrate a dominant antiinflammatory immunological response.

Abstract Coliform mastitis that presents itself at parturition or in the early weeks of bovine lactation is often characterized by severe inflammation and impaired milk production and can lead to death of the animal. Chronic intramammary infections caused by persistent strains of Escherichia coli may result in high production losses. The aim of this study was to determine the inflammatory response to a teat-canal challenge of bovine mammary glands with a persistent strain of E. coli during late gestation (dry period) and into early lactation. Two weeks before parturition, animals were challenged in 2 quarters with 30 cfu of a persistent strain of E. coli ; control quarters were vehicle-infused and not infused, respectively. Samples of dry cow secretions were taken from all quarters before challenge and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120h following challenge. Colostrum samples and milk samples were taken from all quarters at parturition and 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120h postpartum. Bacterial culture, combined with random amplified polymorphic DNA genetic strain-typing analysis, indicated recovery of the bacterial challenge strain until 48 to 96h postchallenge, and again at parturition and up to 6 and 12h postpartum. One animal exhibited clinical mastitis and the bacterial challenge strain was evident to at least 12 d postpartum. During twice-daily milkings, production levels were lower in bacteria-challenged quarters compared with controls. Somatic cell counts decreased to normal levels at a slower rate in challenged quarters compared with control quarters. Cytokine analysis indicated a minimal proinflammatory cytokine response, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in challenged-quarter dry cow samples up to 120h postchallenge. Interleukin-10 levels were significantly increased by 12h postchallenge in secretions from challenged and control quarters. These preliminary results in 2 cows indicate that proinflammatory signaling after intramammary bacterial infection may be actively suppressed during late gestation. We hypothesize that this immune-inhibitory response allows intramammary infections to become persistent in the dry period and cause clinical signs immediately after parturition.
Depletion of tryptophan hydroxylase by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine in rat brain. Time course and regional differences.

—Wistar rats were injected intraventricularly with 75 μg 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Tryptophan hydroxylase was assayed in seven regions of the brain as well as spinal cord at intervals following injection. Spinal cord was depleted to 1 per cent of control by 12 days. Tectum was depleted to 32 per cent of control by 9 days. The time course of depletion in most regions was biphasic, with an early reduction of activity 1 h after injection with continued reduction of activity 1-2 days following injection, and a recovery of activity at 4-6 days. The activity again drops at 9-12 days, and this reduction of activity persists to varying degrees to 60 days, with slight recovery at this time in certain regions.
Firm size and economic growth

Abstract In a sample of more than 700 US cities, the average size of manufacturing and retail firms is negatively and robustly associated with subsequent growth rates of median household income. Wholesale and service firms display less consistent associations.
Useful gauges for studying dynamical fermion mass generation in arbitrary space-time dimension.

We extend to general space-time dimensions ({ital d}{ge}2) a method of finding gauges where the chiral-symmetry-conserving piece of the fermion self-energy, {ital Z}({ital p}), equals one to single-loop order. These gauges can aid analysis of the gap equation for the fermion self-energy in several ways. As examples, we discuss non-Abelian gauge theories and also three-dimensional QED in the 1/{ital N} expansion.
Nomenclature of Metallic Elements

SINCE the discovery of the transuranic elements, a consistent method of naming the newly discovered metallic elements has been adopted. All these new elements have been given names ending in “-ium”. It seems pertinent now that systematic changes are evident both in scientific nomenclature and in measuring units to discuss some aspects of the naming of metallic elements.
Human adenovirus removal by hollow fiber membranes: Effect of membrane fouling by suspended and dissolved matter

Abstract In this study, we evaluated removal of human adenovirus 40 by hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF, d p o r e =0.04 μm) and microfiltration (MF1, d p o r e =0.22 μm; MF2, d p o r e =0.45 μm) membranes in the presence of suspended and dissolved foulants: SiO2 microspheres and Aldrich humic acid (HA). Average removal of adenovirus from DI water by UF, MF1 and MF2 membranes was 2.3 log, 0.7 log and 0.7 log, respectively. The observed decrease in adenovirus removal due to SiO2 fouling (δLRV of −1.2 and −0.2 for UF and MF1 respectively) was attributed to the cake-enhanced accumulation of viruses at the membrane surface. In contrast, fouling by HA led to higher virus removals (δLRV of 0.8 and 1.2 for UF and MF1, respectively), which was attributed to pore blockage by HA. In experiments with MF2 membrane, neither HA nor SiO2 had significant effects on adenovirus removal. The results indicate that the extent of fouling is not a reliable predictor of adenovirus removal. Instead, feed water composition and membrane pore size together govern virus removal with fouling mechanisms playing a mediating role: pore blockage improves removal while cake formation can either increase or decrease removal depending on cake properties.
Cray Y-MP C90: system features and early benchmark results

Abstract On November 19, 1991 at Albuquerque's Supercomputing '91 Cray Research introduced its new top of the line — the Cray Y-MP C90 supercomputer. With 16 CPUs, 2Gbytes (256 Mwords) of central memory, and a new dual-vector pipeline architecture, the system offers peak performance of 16 Gflops, and unequalled sustained ‘real world’ performance. the first completed system was on-line at the Supercomputing '91, and delivered to the customer in February 1992. In this paper, results of various benchmarks and a description of new architectural features are presented.
The methionyl transfer RNAs of Rous sarcoma virus.

Abstract Virions of Rous sarcoma virus contain the two major classes of methionyl tRNA present in uninfected chick embryo fibroblasts. The formylated species, N -formyl methionyl tRNA, appears to be selectively associated with the viral 70 S RNA genome.
Thyroid indices in arterial and venous cord blood: significantly greater levels of reverse triidothyronine in venous blood than in arterial blood.

Abstract Paired arterial and venous cord blood samples were obtained from 42 normal newborns (24 males and 18 females). T 4 was determined in all paired samples. In addition, other indices were determined: T 3 in 40, RT 3 in 29, TBG in 29, thyroglobulin (Tg) in 14, and TSH in 11. Gender difference in any of the thyroid indices was not found. Arterial and venous cord serum thyroid indices correlated positively (T 4 , r = 0.743; T 3 , r = .907, rT 3 , r = .920; TBG, r = .752; Tg, r = .934, and TSH, r = .989; P P 3 (191 ± 43.2 v 224 ± 55.8 ng/dL). Arterial (T 4 v T 3 , r = .453, P 4 v RT 3 , r = .660, P 4 v T 3 , r = .620, P 4 v rT 3 , r = .612, P 3 and rT 3 levels correlated positively with T 4 levels. In contrast, T 3 and rT 3 levels for arterial ( r = .216, P > 0.1) and venous ( r = .216, P > 0.1) samples did not show a significant correlation. These data are in keeping with earlier reports for animal placental models studied in vitro, suggesting that placental inner ring deiodination of maternal thyroxine is a source of fetal RT 3 .
Power, performance and security optimized hardware design for H.264

Designing a hardware H.264 codec that meets the competing needs of the trusted battlefield communications is extremely challenging as it requires the evaluation of many potential architectural options to select an optimal solution. We discuss a solution to design a parameterized reconfigurable fabric that allows the architecture to be adjusted to meet the power, performance and security requirements.
Multispectral imaging in the extended near-infrared window based on endogenous chromophores

To minimize the problem with scattering in deep tissues while increasing the penetration depth, we explored the feasibility of imaging in the relatively unexplored extended near infrared (exNIR) spectral region at 900 to 1400 nm with endogenous chromophores. This region, also known as the second NIR window, is weakly dominated by absorption from water and lipids and is free from other endogenous chromophores with virtually no autofluorescence. To demonstrate the applicability of the exNIR for bioimaging, we analyzed the optical properties of individual components and biological tissues using an InGaAs spectrophotometer and a multispectral InGaAs scanning imager featuring transmission geometry. Based on the differences in spectral properties of tissues, we utilized ratiometric approaches to extract spectral characteristics from the acquired three-dimensional “datacube”. The obtained images of an exNIR transmission through a mouse head revealed sufficient details consistent with anatomical structures.
Plating treatment for tibial plateau fractures: a biomechanical comparison of buttress and tension band positions

Introduction The load tolerance of conventional plate treatment for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with the buttress and the tension band positions was compared from biomechanical viewpoints.
Muscarinic receptor binding and behavioral effects of atropine following chronic catecholamine depletion or acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats

Abstract Rats were subjected to one of two experimental treatments: (1) intraventricular infusion of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), known to permanently reduce brain dopamine and norepinephrine levels, or (2) chronic administration of the irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Both treatments are believed to produce relative overactivity of cholinergic systems and to suppress forward locomotion. The anticholinergic agent atropine sulfate yielded excessive forward walking in otherwise chronically akinetic 6-OHDA-treated rats, whereas atropine slightly decreased locomotion in controls. The hypothesis that such supersensitivity to atropine may be related to a reduction in the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors was not supported: First, 3 H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding to membrane preparations was not decreased in the 6-OHDA-treated rats; secondly, atropine did not induce excessive forward locomotion in the DFP-treated rats in which 3 H-QNB binding was decreased. There were other changes in the DFP-treated rats consistent with muscarinic receptor alteration, including tolerance to the locomotor suppressive effects of DFP, cross tolerance to the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine, and exaggerated atropine-induced increases in core temperature and stereotypy. It is concluded that 6-OHDA and DFP produce different long-term changes in cholinergic brain systems and atropine-sensitive behaviors.
Permian Rocks of Parts of Nevada, Utah, and Idaho

Detailed study and measurement of 30 stratigraphic sections, and reconnaissance of numerous other sections of Permian marine rocks of the eastern half of Nevada, western half of Utah, and central to south-central Idaho indicate that certain revisions in nomenclature are justified. This area in the eastern Great Basin contains excellent sections of Late Paleozoic marine rocks, most of which contain diagnostic fusulinid faunas. Within the Permian system representatives of the Wolfcampian, Leonardian, and Guadalupean time-equivalents are areally extensive. In most of eastern Nevada and part of western Utah a widespread regional disconformity separates Permian from Pennsylvanian rocks, and commonly this is represented by absence or truncation of strata of medial to late Pennsylvanian age. This disconformity is slight or missing in the Oquirrh Formation of Utah and southern Idaho, the Wood River Formation of central Idaho, and certain limestones and related sedimentary rocks of east-central Idaho. The Ferguson Mountain Formation, mostly Wolfcampian in age but locally of late Virgilian age at the base and early Leonardian age at the top, is of wide areal extent and at its type locality in eastern Elko County, Nevada, contains one of the most prolific Wolfcampian fusulinid faunas in the eastern Great Basin. It is conformably overlain by the Pequop Formation, Leonardian in age, also rich in fusulinids. The Pequop is unconformably overlain by the Loray Formation, a dolomitic and gypsiferous sequence laid down in retreating epeiric seas. The Park City Group includes, in ascending order, Kaibab Limestone, Plympton Formation, and Gerster Formation. These are of late Leonardian to Capitanian age. The Indian Canyon Formation comprises sandy, cherty, and dolomitic rocks beneath the Gerster and above the Plympton, but was not originally included in the Park City Group. In southern Nevada, basin facies include the Bird Spring Formation (Pennsylvanian), conformably overlain by the Spring Mountain Formation (Wolfcampian and Leonardian age). Shelf facies to the east consist, in ascending order, of: Callville Limestone (Pennsylvanian), and Pakoon Limestone (Wolfcampian), Queantoweap Sandstone, Hermit Formation, Coconino Sandstone, Toroweap Formation, and Kaibab Formation (the last two are of Leonardian to early Wordian age). Kaibab Formation also is in the basin. Permian rocks in this area, and to the north, are disconformably overlain by early Triassic sedimentary rocks (Moenkopi or Thaynes Formations). Carbonates predominate in the stratigraphic sections and are bioclastic, matrix, micritic, detrital, and combined types. Sediments accumulated in different repositories of the miogeosyncline; with varying degrees of tectonism in the Antler-Sonoma orogenic belt on the west, intra-geosynclinal highlands, and shelves to the east, numerous lithologic associations formed, including evaporites.
A multimedia comprehensive informatics system with decision support tools for a multi-site collaboration research of stroke rehabilitation

Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. The Interdisciplinary Comprehensive Arm Rehabilitation Evaluation (I-CARE) clinical trial aims to evaluate a therapy for arm rehabilitation after stroke. A primary outcome measure is correlative analysis between stroke lesion characteristics and standard measures of rehabilitation progress, from data collected at seven research facilities across the country. Sharing and communication of brain imaging and behavioral data is thus a challenge for collaboration. A solution is proposed as a web-based system with tools supporting imaging and informatics related data. In this system, users may upload anonymized brain images through a secure internet connection and the system will sort the imaging data for storage in a centralized database. Users may utilize an annotation tool to mark up images. In addition to imaging informatics, electronic data forms, for example, clinical data forms, are also integrated. Clinical information is processed and stored in the database to enable future data mining related development. Tele-consultation is facilitated through the development of a thin-client image viewing application. For convenience, the system supports access through desktop PC, laptops, and iPAD. Thus, clinicians may enter data directly into the system via iPAD while working with participants in the study. Overall, this comprehensive imaging informatics system enables users to collect, organize and analyze stroke cases efficiently.
Intraspinal latency, cutaneous fiber composition, and afferent control of the dorsal root reflex in cat.

Abstract The intraspinal delay, fiber composition, and excitability of the cutaneous dorsal root reflex (DRR) was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A maximal cutaneous DRR is elicited by a volley of cutaneous fibers with conduction velocities above the A-delta range. The addition of A-delta and C fibers does not increase DRR amplitude or duration; nor does an isolated A-delta or C fiber volley, delivered during anodal polarization block of the larger fibers, elicit a DRR. Collision experiments reveal that the initial phase of the cutaneous DRR recorded from nerves is composed of activity in large myelinated fibers; the later phase is due to active A-delta fibers. Thus, the observations reveal that A-delta fibers carry, but do not elicit, the DRR. A collision technique shows that the minimum delay for the inter-fiber interaction producing the DRR may be as short as 1.5 msec, a value compatible with DRR mediation by one interneuron. Prolonged DRR depression follows mechanical stimulation of the skin and single shock or repetitive electrical stimulation of the A-alpha cutaneous afferents capable of DRR excitation; neither large (A-alpha) fiber volleys below DRR thresh-old nor isolated A-delta volleys depress the DRR. In the case of cutaneous nerves, this depression affects unconditioned nerves, but the effects of dorsal rootlet tetany are restricted to DRRs elicited by or recorded from the conditioned rootlet. The results are summarized in a model in which A-alpha cutaneous afferent fibers activate interneuronal systems mediating DRR excitation and depression.
Knowledge-based hand tool selection in concurrent design of mechanical systems

Selection of hand tools for cost-effective assembly and maintenance of a mechanical system has a significant impact on its life-cycle cost. A knowledge-based automated procedure for the selection of hand tools needed to efficiently carry out fastening operations in a mechanical assembly is presented. The objective is to select a tool that is applicable to a particular fastening operation, minimizes time and cost of the fastening operation, and satisfies accessibility requirements, and to provide design assistance to the design engineer. The role of the tool selection procedure in the concurrent design of mechanical systems is described.
Single-point blowup for nonlocal parabolic problems

Abstract The formation of shear bands in materials has important implications to a variety of physical processes. These bands are observed in very thin zones and are generally regarded as a precursor to material failure. Shear band formation is caused by the heat generated in regions with highest strain rate. With insufficient time for diffusion of this heat, a localized thermal softening of the material occurs which enhances plastic flow in a thin zone. This adiabatic strain localization can be modelled as nonlinear thermally-activated reaction–diffusion equations. This leads to a class of nonlocal parabolic problems and their associated time-independent steady-state counterparts. A discussion of the models and an analysis of the problems will be presented.
Free fatty acids and myocardial function in perfused rat hearts.

Mechanical performance and oxygen consumption of isovolumically beating rat hearts perfused with dextrose and with free fatty acids (FFA) have been studied under constant conditions at 37°C. High concentrations of FFA depressed contractility, increased diastolic pressure, and decreased oxygen consumption, but increased the utilization of oxygen for a given tension development. Thus FFA appeared to depress myocardial contractility or oxidative respiration. Conversely, dextrose increased contractility and the addition of insulin increased contractility further. The possibility that the hearts used were oxygen-limited is discussed.
Interview with Irving W Wainer

Irving W Wainer, Senior Investigator in the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute on Aging/NIH received his PhD degree in chemistry from Cornell University and did postdoctoral doctoral studies in molecular biology (University of Oregon) and clinical pharmacology (Thomas Jefferson Medical School). He worked for the US FDA and held positions at St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, at McGill University as Professor in the Department of Oncology, and as a Professor of Pharmacology at Georgetown University. Wainer has published over 350 scientific papers, 10 books, 25 book chapters and holds 11 patents. His awards include: 'A.J.P. Martin Medal' presented by the Chromatographic Society; Doctor HonorisCausa awarded by the Medical University of Gdansk (Gdansk, Poland, 2006), Doctor HonorisCausa awarded by the Department of Medicine, University of Liege (Liege, Belgium, 2012), and the 2013 Eastern Analytical Symposium Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Fields of Analytical Chemistry. Wainer's research includes the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of congestive heart failure, cancer, pain and depression, many of which are in the later stages of drug development. His laboratory has also continued the development of cellular membrane affinity chromatography technology, and recent work includes the development of columns containing immobilized forms of the breast cancer resistance protein found in cellular and nuclear membranes and mitochondrial membrane columns. Wainer's laboratory has also continued its study of the effect of disease progression and aging on drug metabolism in critically ill and terminal patients. Interview was conducted by Lisa Parks, Assistant Commissioning Editor of Bioanalysis.
What should chris say? The ability of children with specific language impairment to recognize the need to dissemble emotions in social situations.

Purpose In this study, the authors examined the ability of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typical peers to judge when an experienced emotion should be dissembled (hidden...
Thermal alteration of clastic organic particles as an indicator of contact and burial metamorphism in sedimentary rocks

Abstract Most sedimentary rocks contain dispersed solid organic grains of fine sand or silt size. These generally amount to a fraction of 1% of the rock mass, but may be concentrated after macerating the rock with acids. Study by transmitted or reflected light microscopy shows that these grains are largely plant fragments deposited like other grains of the rock; therefore they are termed phytoclasts. Phytoclasts are altered chemically and physically when exposed to increased temperature. This alteration is similar for phytoclasts from rocks near volcanic dikes, from laboratory bombs, from deep wells, and from strata formerly deeply buried. The degree of alteration is quantified best by measuring reflectance of selected phytoclasts—which increases with temperature increase and time of exposure. Reflectance‐temperature standards from laboratory bombs apply to dike metamorphosed phytoclasts, and temperature plots based on phytoclast reflectance in contact rocks sampled are like those expected from a simple m...
Comparison of Growth, Processing Yield, and Body Composition of USDA103 and Mississippi “Normal” Strains of Channel Catfish Fed Diets Containing Three Concentrations of Protein

.— This study evaluated the effects of dietary protein concentration (26, 28, and 32%) on growth. feed efficiency, processing yield, and body composition of USDA103 and Mississippi “normal” (MN) strains of channel catfish raised in ponds. Fin-gerling channel catfish (average weight = 32.5 and 47.3 g/fish for USDA103 and MN strains, respectively) were stocked into 24 0.04-ha ponds (12 ponds/ strain) at a density of 18,530 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation from May to October 1999. There were no interactions between fish strain and dietary protein concentration for any parameters measured. Regardless of dietary protein concentrations, the USDA103 strain consumed more feed and gained more weight than the MN strain. There were no differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR) or survival between the two strains. Feed consumption, weight gain, FCR, and survival were not affected by dietary protein concentration. The USDA103 strain exhibited a lower level of visceral fat, a higher carcass yield, a lower level of fillet moisture, and a higher level of fillet fat than the MN strain. Regardless of fish strains, fish fed the 32% protein diet had a lower level of visceral fat and a higher fillet yield than fish fed the 26% protein diet. Fish fed the 32% protein diet were also higher in carcass yield as compared to those fed the 28% protein diet. Fillet moisture, protein, and fat concentrations were not affected by dietary protein concentration. Results from this study indicate that the USDA103 strain of channel catfish appears to possess superior traits in growth characteristics compared with the MN strain that is currently cultured commercially. Both strains appear to have the same dietary protein requirement.
Growth Arrest of a Murine Mesangial Cell Line by Transforming Growth Factor β1 Is Associated with Inhibition of Mitogen-Induced Ca2+ Mobilization

Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a multifunctional cytokine showing growth effects on many cell types. In the present study effects of TGFβ1 on mitogen-induced Ca 2+ responses were investigated in an immortalized murine mesangial cell line where TGFβ1 effects on growth are inhibitory. TGFβ1 was found to inhibit intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). This effect was completely reversed by previous addition of the non-specific serine/threonine kinase inhibitor H-7, but was unaffected by GF 109203X, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). These findings suggest that inhibition of mitogen-induced Ca 2+ mobilization by TGFβ1 appears not to involve prior activation of PKC, but may participate in the mechanisms whereby mesangial cell growth is inhibited by TGFβ1.
Microwave Processing of Polymers

Novel morphologies were produced in phase segmented, toughened epoxies via microwave processing. Novel and exciting chemistries have been demonstrated through the specificity of delivery of electromagnetic radiation in tuned cavities.