cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child Provocativeness and Gender as Factors Contributing to the Blaming of Victims of Physical Child Abuse.

This study was an investigation of factors contributing to blame attributions directed toward victims of physical child abuse. The total sample consisted of 897 college undergraduates. Subjects read eight vignettes describing physically abusive parent-child interactions, and indicated their attributions of responsibility toward parent and child. We predicted that: (a) aggressively provocative children (compared to nonprovocative) would be ascribed greater blame; (b) male subjects would be more likely to blame the child; (c) in situations in which the abusive parent is male (compared to female), the child would be blamed more; and (d) male children (compared to females) would receive greater blame. The results supported all hypotheses. The data also suggested several interaction effects. Significance tests were supplemented with effect size analyses.
On the effect of crack face contact and friction due to fracture surface roughness in edge cracks subjected to external shear

Abstract An elastic-plastic model predicting the reduction of mode III stress intensity factors by fracture surface roughness is presented. Normal contact forces arise when shear displacements cause the crack faces to be wedged open due to mismatch of the fracture surface asperities. These normal forces, in turn, generate frictional forces which act in opposition to the applied shear stresses and reduce the effective stress intensity factor. The fracture surface asperities are proposed to have a maximum amplitude (crack opening) and an average wavelength. This leads to three regions of behavior: region 1, where the shear displacement at the crack mouth is less than the wavelength of the asperities; region 2, where the crack mouth shear displacement is greater than the asperity wavelength; and region 3, where the crack tip displacement is greater than the wavelength of the asperities thereby wedging the crack open to the maximum amplitude over the entire fracture surface. The magnitude of the normal stresses are proposed to be limited by the yield stress which implies that weak materials will offer less frictional resistance to shear crack growth. The dependence of the frictional stress intensity factor on crack length, applied stress intensity factor, asperity height, wavelength of the fracture surface roughness, and yield strength are discussed. The model will be used to analyse the results of two published experimental studies—monotonie mode III fracture toughness testing of Al 2 O 3 and mode III fatigue crack growth in steel.
Liquid-to-gas phase transitions in two-dimensional quantum systems at zero temperature

Two-dimensional systems of bosons and fermions are studied at zero temperature by means of variational calculations. When viewed as a function of the quantum parameterη = ℏ2/mɛΣ in the variational context, bosons are found to undergo a second-order liquid-to-gas transition, whereas, contrary to expectations, fermions are found to undergo a first-order transition with a region in which liquid and gaseous phases can coexist. Although these results are qualitatively the same as those in three dimensions, it is emphasized that, for two-dimensional fermions, the underlying physics is quite different. These results are examined critically in view of the special properties of two-dimensional systems. It is found that critical values of η are rigorously lower bounds, and it is further argued that the essential features of these results remain valid. Finally, the implications of these results for experiments on submonolayer physisorbed helium and spin-aligned hydrogen systems are discussed.
Virtual tagging for laxative‐free CT colonography: Pilot evaluation

Laxative-free computed tomographic colonography (lfCTC) could significantly improve patient adherence to colorectal screening. However, the interpretation of lfCTC data is complicated by the presence of poorly tagged feces and partial-volume artifacts that imitate colorectal lesions. The authors developed a method for virtual tagging of such artifacts. A probabilistic model of colonic wall was developed, and virtual tagging was performed on artifacts that were identified by the model. The method was evaluated with 46 clinical lfCTC cases that were prepared with dietary fecal tagging only. Visual examples show that the method can label partial-volume artifacts, poorly tagged feces, nonadhering completely untagged feces, and artifacts such as rectal tubes. The effect of virtual tagging was evaluated by comparing the detection accuracy of a fully automated polyp detection scheme without and with the method. With virtual tagging, the per-lesion detection sensitivity was 100% for lesions ⩾ 10 mm ( n = 4 ) with 3.8 false positives per patient (per two CT scan volumes) and 90% for lesions ⩾ 6 mm ( n = 10 ) with 5.4 false positives per patient on average. The improvement in detection performance by virtual tagging was statistically significant ( p = 0.03 ; JAFROC and JAFROC-1).
Logistics Implications of an Integrated US‐Canada Market

Trade restrictions; border crossing difficulties, and company organizational structures have limited historical cross‐border distribution activity. The result, generally, is two or three independent distribution systems to support North American logistics operations. With the completion of the US‐Canada Free Trade Act, many of these limitations are being reduced. It is now time for firms to refine their distribution networks to respond to this new environment. The major changes that firms must consider are distribution centre locations and manufacturing supply points. The factors that influence these changes are country/market integration, duty levels, and cross‐border transportation rates. Reports on the results of food industry simulations that consider multiple levels of integration, duties, and cross‐border rates. The results compare the number of distribution centres and the total cost of each network, and generally indicate that there are no significant changes in distribution system network design ...
Low irradiance photocatalytic degradation of toluene in air by screen-printed titanium dioxide layers

Abstract Screen-printed titania photocatalytic layers made from Degussa P25 were studied in order to assess the potential of this deposition technology for the production of catalytic surfaces for airborne pollutant degradation. The deposited catalytic TiO2 layers were characterized by a low density (about 25% of the titania bulk crystal) typical of very porous films. The study was carried out using toluene at low concentration (12 ppb) as model pollutant and with a low UV-A irradiance level on the sample surface (200 μW cm− 2). The catalyst layers were deposited on alumina and quartz substrates demonstrating a good catalytic depollution activity. The relationship between the layer thickness and the catalytic activity was studied in the 1 to 6.8 μm range indicating an optimal 3–4 μm film thickness. Thicker layers do not show significant increases in the catalytic activity. The optical transmittance was studied using quartz substrate samples, showing a severely reduced photon flux for layers deeper than 5 μm. The effect of post-printing thermal treatment was studied in the 500–900 °C range, demonstrating good catalytic activity for processing temperatures ≤ 700 °C. These results indicate that the screen-printing process can be a promising technology for the realization of high efficiency photocatalytic materials for air depollution applications at low UV-A irradiance.
Ionic energy levels and hole formation in high temperature superconductors

Madelung potentials of some fluoride and oxide compounds were calculated by direct summation. A new method is devised for constructing energy level diagrams for high temperature superconductors. The method depends on an effective electron affinity for oxygen in the solid, derived from known band gaps in oxide compounds. The levels are related to charge distribution, defects and processing parameters. The diagrams show instabilities in the crystal structures of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 and Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 and demonstrate how holes are formed.
The dissolution of PbS(s) in dilute aqueous solutions

Abstract The dissolution of lead sulfide was studied under four general laboratory conditions, i.e., dark/anaerobic, dark/aerobic, light/anaerobic, and light/aerobic. The results show that the dissolution reaction is pH dependent, enhanced by dissolved oxygen and slightly affected by photoirradiation. The overall dissolution process is controlled by surface reaction. A preliminary reaction scheme was established and the rate were constants calculated.
Fluorescent Single Molecule Orientation Imaging for Exploring 3D Architectural Dynamics of Cytoskeletal Protein Assembly in Living Cells

Fluorescent single molecule imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the distribution and dynamics of individual biological molecules with nanometer precision and millisecond timing in living cells. However, it is difficult to detect small conformational changes within individual proteins or slight angular rearrangements of functional proteins inside living cells. We are proposing a light microscopy to detect changes in intra-molecular structure or inter-molecular organization based on orientation imaging of fluorescent single molecules. We have developed robust instrumentation for polarized fluorescence imaging exhibiting the speed and sensitivity required to monitor 3D angular changes of individual fluorophores that are rigidly connected to proteins of interest.While developing the optical arrangement and required acquisition and processing algorithms, we use the system to monitor the organization of septin molecules in a filamentous fungus, Ashbya gossypii, and in budding yeast. The septins are a highly conserved component of the cytoskeleton that are critical for cytokinesis and intracellular compartmentalization. Important insights have been gained about the steady state organization of septins using polarized fluorescence imaging approaches but never at the single molecule level.In this presentation we describe our single-molecule approaches of polarized fluorescence imaging in vivo which include instrumentation, image acquisition and processing algorithms, and methods for rigidly linking fluorescent markers to protein molecules. We then propose applications of these methods to answer biological questions pertaining to the mechanisms of spatially organized protein assembly in living cells using septins as model systems.
A Note on the Meaning of ‘Constitution’

Professor Sartori's 1962 article on constitutionalism in the American Political Science Review was influential in the acceptance of a narrow view of the constitution. Sartori argued that constitution meant specifically limitation on government and underplayed the role of the state in establishing a political order. This article argues that there are good historical reasons for keeping a balanced view of a constitutionalism that maintains a tension between strong government, to create a secure and stable order, and limitation on government power. It therefore attempts to reaffirm McIlwain's more traditional view of the constitution as a combination of gubernaculum and jurisdictio, power and its control.
Lamotrigine Overdose Presenting as Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome

OBJECTIVE:To describe the laboratory and physical manifestations of lamotrigine toxicity presenting as anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome.CASE SUMMARY:A 49-year-old white man presented to our institution with a two-day history of low-grade fever, erythema, and edema involving the periorbital area. Five days earlier, he had been placed on lamotrigine treatment for bipolar disorder. He inadvertently received four daily doses of lamotrigine 2700 mg each. Physical examination was significant for periorbital edema and discrete and confluent blanching red macules and papules involving the face, trunk, and extremities. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis, hepatitis, and acute renal failure. With normalization of the laboratory results, the eruptions and edema gradually resolved.DISCUSSION:Lamotrigine toxicity can lead to periorbital edema, rash, and multiorgan system abnormalities. This presentation has clinical and laboratory similarities with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, which suggests th...
Relationship Between Creatine Kinase Levels and Clinical Diagnosis of Infertility

Purpose: The creatine kinase level indicates sperm maturity and correlates with the spermatozoal fertilizing potential. The relationship between creatine kinase levels in subfertile men and their clinical diagnosis was examined. Methods: Patients with unexplained infertility (n = 34), varicocele (n = 20), postvasectomy reversal fn = 7), or cancer (n = 22) were included in this prospective clinical study. The control group consisted of healthy normal donors fn = 15). Results: The median and interquartile range values of creatine kinase for each group were as follows: normal donors, 0.061 U/10* sperm (0.056 to 0.076 U/10 8sperm); idiopathic malefactor, 0.119 U/108 sperm (0.061 to 0.190 U/10* sperm); varicocele, 0.392 U/10* sperm (0.209 to 1.494 U/108 sperm); postvasectomy reversal, 0.589 U/108 sperm (0.425 to 4.043 U/108 sperm); and cancer, 0.068 U/108 sperm (0.047 to 0.168 U/108 sperm). Sperm creatine kinase levels were significantly higher in patients with varicocele compared to normal donors (P = 0.0001), cancer patients (P = 0.0002), and men with idiopathic infertility (P = 0.0009). Sperm concentration and creatine kinase level were inversely correlated in patients (r = —0.7, P < 0.001) but not in normal donors. Conclusions: Semen quality is poorer in subfertile patients with clinical varicocele and postvasectomy reversal than in cancer patients and patients with idiopathic male infertility. That the creatine kinase levels in cancer patients were similar to those of normal donors suggests that the final phase of spermatogenesis may not be altered in men with cancer; thus semen from these patients should be banked to ensure fertility after cancer treatment.
Information pattern for linear discrete-time models with stochastic coefficients

A linear discrete-time system with constant coefficients has an information pattern that does not grow in complexity with time, an information state. This paper shows that a particular canonical form for such systems, the phase-variable model, retains this property when coefficients vary as Gaussian time series with rational spectra. The distribution of the output conditional on past data is normal, and its parameters, being functions of the information state, can be calculated in real time in a simple way. The property is fundamental for effective optimal control. A priori characteristics for the Gaussian time series must be specified, but a maximum likelihood method is proposed for estimating any unknown characteristics from a long sample of input-output data. Also, a parameter-free statistic is found for testing the validity of the phase-variable model in actual cases.
Leptin and the Placental Response to Maternal Food Restriction During Early Pregnancy in Mice

Several studies have demonstrated that maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy can have negative consequences for the health of children born to these pregnancies, but the physiological mechanisms by which this occurs are not completely understood. During periods of food restriction, concentrations of leptin decline, whereas leptin is elevated in obesity, suggesting that it may play a role in the response to altered nutrition during pregnancy. This study compares placental development and global placental gene expression profiles at Day 11.5 in pregnant control mice, mice that were undernourished, and mice that were undernourished but given leptin. Placentas from mothers exposed to food restriction preserved the placental labyrinth zone at the expense of the junctional zone, an effect abrogated in the restricted plus leptin group, which had a significant decrease in the labyrinth zone area compared with controls. Similarly, there were more significant differences in gene expression between placentas from control and restricted plus leptin mothers (1128 differentially expressed genes) than between placentas of control and restricted mothers (281 differentially expressed genes). We conclude that the presence of high concentrations of circulating leptin during food restriction disrupts the normal adaptive response of the placenta to reduced energy availability.
Photocontrol of protein folding: the interaction of photosensitive surfactants with bovine serum albumin.

The photoresponsive interaction of light-sensitive azobenzene surfactants with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at neutral pH has been investigated as a means to control protein folding with light irradiation. The cationic azobenzene surfactant undergoes a reversible photoisomerization upon exposure to the appropriate wavelength of light, with the visible-light (trans) form of the surfactant being more hydrophobic than the UV-light (cis) form. As a consequence, the trans form exhibits enhanced interaction with the protein compared to the cis form of the surfactant, allowing photoreversible control of the protein folding/unfolding phenomena. Small-angle neutron-scattering (SANS) measurements are used to provide detailed information on the protein conformation in solution. A fitting of the protein shape to a low-resolution triaxial ellipsoid model indicates that three discrete forms of the protein exist in solution depending on the surfactant concentration, with lengths of approximately 90, 150, and 250 A, respec...
On the skew-symmetric property of the Newton-Euler formulation for open-chain robot manipulators

This paper proposes a form of the Coriolis-centrifugal matrix that, together with the inertia (or mass) matrix, satisfies the skew-symmetric property that is required by a class of regressor-based adaptive control. Such a matrix has been identified in Lagrange-Euler formulation, but not in Newton-Euler formulation. The paper shows how this matrix is separated out from a recursive Newton-Euler formulation for open-chain robot manipulators.
Evaluation of Waxy Grain Sorghum for Ethanol Production

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to investigate the fermentation performance of waxy grain sorghum for ethanol production. Twenty-five waxy grain sorghum varieties were evaluated with a laboratory dry-grind procedure. Total starch and amylose contents were measured following colorimetric procedures. Total starch and amylose contents ranged from 65.4 to 76.3% and from 5.5 to 7.3%, respectively. Fermentation efficiencies were in the range of 86.0–92.2%, corresponding to ethanol yields of 2.61–3.03 gallons/bushel. The advantages of using waxy sorghums for ethanol production include easier gelatinization and low viscosity during liquefaction, higher starch and protein digestibility, higher free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, and shorter fermentation times. The results showed a strong linear relationship between FAN content and fermentation rate. Fermentation rate increased as FAN content increased, especially during the first 30 hr of fermentation (R2 = 0.90). Total starch content in distillers drie...
TBC1D20 Is a Rab1 GTPase-activating Protein That Mediates Hepatitis C Virus Replication *

Like other viruses, productive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection depends on certain critical host factors. We have recently shown that an interaction between HCV nonstructural protein NS5A and a host protein, TBC1D20, is necessary for efficient HCV replication. TBC1D20 contains a TBC (Tre-2, Bub2, and Cdc16) domain present in most known Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The latter are master regulators of vesicular membrane transport, as they control the activity of membrane-associated Rab proteins. To better understand the role of the NS5A-TBC1D20 interaction in the HCV life cycle, we used a biochemical screen to identify the TBC1D20 Rab substrate. TBC1D20 was found to be the first known GAP for Rab1, which is implicated in the regulation of anterograde traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Mutation of amino acids implicated in Rab GTPase activation by other TBC domain-containing GAPs abrogated the ability of TBC1D20 to activate Rab1 GTPase. Overexpression of TBC1D20 blocked the transport of exogenous vesicular stomatitis virus G protein from the endoplasmic reticulum, validating the involvement of TBC1D20 in this pathway. Rab1 depletion significantly decreased HCV RNA levels, suggesting a role for Rab1 in HCV replication. These results highlight a novel mechanism by which viruses can hijack host cell machinery and suggest an attractive model whereby the NS5A-TBC1D20 interaction may promote viral membrane-associated RNA replication.
Indirect phase noise sensing for self-healing voltage controlled oscillators

The push for higher performance analog/RF circuits in scaled CMOS necessitates self-healing via post-manufacturing tuning. A major challenge with self-healing systems is the efficient design of on-chip sensors that capture the performance of interest. This is particularly difficult for metrics such as phase noise that are not easily measured on-chip. We propose an indirect sensing method that exploits the correlations between the performance metrics of interest and those that can be measured using easy-to-integrate sensors. We demonstrate indirect phase noise sensing for a 25GHz self-healing voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) design in 32nm CMOS SOI that approaches the best parametric yield achievable based on simulated results.
The Divergence and Bhattacharyya Distance Measures in Signal Selection

Minimization of the error probability to determine optimum signals is often difficult to carry out. Consequently, several suboptimum performance measures that are easier than the error probability to evaluate and manipulate have been studied. In this partly tutorial paper, we compare the properties of an often used measure, the divergence, with a new measure that we have called the Bhattacharyya distance. This new distance measure is often easier to evaluate than the divergence. In the problems we have worked, it gives results that are at least as good as, and are often better, than those given by the divergence.
Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Adult Asthma in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Women

Rationale: Limited prior data suggest an association between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in adults. No published studies assess the effect of long-term exposures to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on adult incident asthma.Objectives: To estimate the association between ambient air pollution exposures (PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and development of asthma and incident respiratory symptoms.Methods: The Sister Study is a U.S. cohort study of risk factors for breast cancer and other health outcomes (n = 50,884) in sisters of women with breast cancer (enrollment, 2003–2009). Annual average (2006) ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated at participants’ addresses, using a national land-use/kriging model incorporating roadway information. Outcomes at follow-up (2008–2012) included incident self-reported wheeze, chronic cough, and doctor-diagnosed asthma in women without baseline symptoms.Measurements and Main Results: Adjusted analyses included 254 i...
A Follow-up Analogue Study on the Effectiveness of the Cognitive Rationale

Cognitive Therapy (CT) for depression presents a rationale for symptom reduction early in treatment. The rationale is described in lay terms as an ABC sequence, such that A represents a recent event, B represents automatic thoughts about the event, and C represents the resulting affective response. A previous study (Kanter, J. W., Kohlenberg, R. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2004). Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 229) that compared the CT rationale to an alternative (by flipping the terms of ABC into an ACB theory in which affect is assumed to proceed and cause cognition) suggested that the CT rationale may operate through demand characteristics because the alternative was equally influential. However, that study did not allow for the possibility that demand characteristics were differentially operative (perhaps one rationale produced real changes in identification of automatic thoughts while the other produced demand responding). The current study extended the previous study by manipulating demand characteristics directly and by adding a 1-week follow-up condition. Results indicate that the influence of the cognitive rationale is robust and, in contrast to the previous study, may not be dependent on demand characteristics.
Quantifying biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to acetone mixing ratios in a rural environment

Abstract Acetone was one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observed in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA). Mixing ratios were measured hourly above a ponderosa pine plantation using an automated in situ dual-channel GC-FID system throughout July 1997, from July through October 1998, and fluxes were measured with a relaxed eddy accumulator from July through September 1999. Acetone mixing ratios ranged from 1.4 to 7.8 ppb in July 1997, 1.1 to 7.8 ppb in July 1998, and 1.0 to 8.0 ppb in July 1999, and were correlated with compounds of biogenic and anthropogenic origin. During sunny periods in 1997 (PAR>1300 μmol cm −2 s −1 ) acetone was correlated with methylbutenol (biogenic emission from ponderosa pine, r 2 =0.48). Under the same conditions, acetone was also correlated with acetylene (anthropogenic emission, r 2 =0.52), yet acetylene and methylbutenol were not correlated with each other ( r 2 =0.06). A linear combination of 1.34×methylbutenol+9.64×acetylene was highly correlated with acetone mixing ratios ( r 2 =0.80), suggesting that the quantity of biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to the observed acetone could be determined using this correlation. Based on this method, 45% of the observed acetone could be attributed to biogenic sources, 14% to anthropogenic sources, and 41% to the regional background level. Comparison with direct emission ratios from tailpipe exhaust showed that the anthropogenic contribution to acetone mixing ratios could be attributed almost completely to secondary photochemical production (99%), with only a minor contribution from direct fuel combustion emissions (1%). Based on direct measurements of ecosystem scale fluxes, the biogenic contribution to acetone mixing ratios could be attributed to direct emissions (35%), methylbutenol oxidation (63%), and monoterpene oxidation (2%).
A Rapid Method for Determination of the Aureomycin Concentration of the Blood

SummaryA rapid method for the determination of the aureomycin concentration of the blood is described. Sterile specimens and sterile technic are not required. The procedure is based upon the inhibition of the test organism, Proteus vulgaris OX-19 by the antibiotic, thereby preventing the reaction and color change produced in the urea-phenol red medium when urea is split to ammonia by the test strain. The minimum assayable level is 0.8 μg per ml of serum. A high degree of correlation was found between the actual value and the results of assays with 36 prepared specimens.
Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City.

Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City. Anne-Marie Cantwell and Diana diZerega Wall. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. 374 pp.
FALL WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR SEASONAL DIKED WETLANDS AT LOWER KLAMATH NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

This study presents measurements and modeled estimates of fall water requirements for the seasonal wetlands under moist soil management at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge in northern California, USA. For three representative seasonal wetlands on the refuge, we measured the total volume of water required to fill the units and partitioned this volume into three components: surface water volume, ET losses, and soil-saturation requirements. Flood-up of seasonal wetlands required an average inflow rate of 0.87 ha-m/ha, with a range from 0.55 to 1.08 ha-m/ha. Over half of this water goes to saturate the underlying soils. We present a model for determining the approximate fall water requirement of any seasonal wetland on the refuge, given information on the effective porosity, depth to groundwater, average precipitation and ET, and the volumetric capacity of the wetland. Using a combination of measurements and modeled or assumed rates, we estimated the total fall water requirements for the refuge for 1999, 2000, and 2001. The estimates compared favorably with measured fall water deliveries to the refuge for the three years. Lastly, we compared annual water requirements for seasonally flooded and permanently flooded wetlands at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. Water requirements for the two wetland habitat types are approximately equal, although there are differences in the timing of demand and the consumptive use. Permanently flooded wetlands require water throughout the season to satisfy evapotranspiration needs, and none of this water is returned to the system. Seasonally flooded wetlands require water only in the fall during flood-up, and much of this water is returned to the system in the spring.
Whitman’s Atlantic Noise

Christopher Hanlon, “Whitman’s Atlantic Noise” (pp. 194–220) This essay considers Walt Whitman’s “A Word Out of the Sea,” from the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass , for its aural qualities—acoustically twittering birds, the hissing “undertone” of the ocean, for example—linking the poem to a wider antebellum interest in the electronic noise of telegraphy. I argue that this poem’s auditory effects bring Whitman into discussion with many others during the 1850s and 1860s who were interested in the sonic qualities of telegraphic noise quite apart from the words those noises encoded. Calling upon an array of cultural documents including songsheets, poems, fiction, and technical commentary, I suggest that “A Word Out of the Sea” condenses a singular moment in American intellectual life wherein the widespread deployment of telegraphic technology honed much interest in the interplay of sound and meaning. In this way, “A Word Out of the Sea” helps further current discussions over the resonance of nineteenth-century information technology among U.S. commentators (including poets), first-generation users who were less constantly focused than we might suppose upon the epistemological ramifications of the telegraph as a harbinger of unthinkably efficient, global communication. In many other ways, these observers of the telegraph were just as struck by the telegraph’s ontological properties, and especially the kinds of sounds it generated.
The crypto-aided physical layer integrity check in cooperative relaying communication

In the cooperative relaying communication, the system has to defend itself against the eavesdropper which may undermines the message integrity by sending the modified messages. We propose a physical layer integrity check scheme for cooperative relaying communication, where a source broadcast the signals to both destination target and an untrustworthy relay node. The approach exploits physical layer signals in detecting the modified messages conducted by the relay. We develop a scheme that utilizes a few cryptography information in the initial message packets to estimate the optimal detecting threshold. By applying the optimal detecting method, the proposed approach achieves almost same performance provided by perfect cryptography strategy that can detect all the modified messages but with high computational cost caused by applying cryptographic encryption to all the transmitted messages. Keywords—physical layer, integrity check; modified messages; cryptography; optimal detecting threshold.
Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial CoSi2 on Si(001)

The structural and electrical properties of epitaxial CoSi2, grown on Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy, have been investigated. Most growth conditions successful on Si(111) have been found to result in misoriented grains when applied to Si(001). However, single-orientation (001) CoSi2 films, with low resistivities (16 μΩ-cm) and low ion channeling minimum yields (gCmin=5%), have been obtained by direct codeposition of Co and Si at ∼500°C at Co-rich stoichiometries. Single orientation (001) CoSi2 films have also been obtained by using a template method on epitaxially grown Si buffer layers, but the resistivities of these films have not been as good. A Schottky barrier height of 0.71 eV has been measured for single-orientation CoSi2(001)/Si(001). This is significantly higher than the barrier height of 0.64 eV for CoSi2(111)/Si(111).
State Religious Freedom Restoration Acts and the Workplace

What will a state Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) add to the existing law concerning protection of religious liberty in the workplace?In this essay, I suggest that state RFRAs would give state and local employees significant more bargaining power as compared to Title VII or other state antidiscrimination laws. I will also identify and address potential conflicts state RFRAs might have with existing laws.
Case Study on Evacuation Rates within the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001

While movement of people in crowds and fire drills has been studied by numerous investigators, little data exist for real fire evacuations. This is largely due to the difficulty in establishing an accurate position-time history for the evacuees. The evacuation of the World Trade Center North and South Towers on September 11, 2001 was unique in that major, catastrophic events occurred at distinct times during the evacuation. In this paper, 14 evacuation case studies are presented in which the evacuee reported their position at these known points in time to the media. From this position-time history, the descent rate of these evacuees could be determined. These descent rates are not necessarily representative of the evacuation population in general, but they do provide some distinct data points which are of value to the fire protection and building evacuation community in assessing evacuation from high-rise buildings.
Familial aspects of gastric adenocarcinoma. Report of 13 patients.

Evidence is presented suggesting that gastric carcinoma has a familial concentration, as previously reported, despite the acknowledged limitations of pedigree studies.
Turbulence diffusion effects at material interfaces, with application to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

A new set-up is proposed to numerically investigate turbulent multi-material mixing in the presence and in the absence of a gravitational field. The set-up consists of an initial unperturbed interface that separates two fluids in an existing isotropic velocity field. The initial unperturbed interface evolves into a turbulent multi-material mixing region due to the fluctuating velocity field. For simulations without gravity, the initial velocity field decays, while the simulations with gravity are Rayleigh-Taylor unstable, such that the misalignment of the pressure and the density gradients generates baroclinic vorticity feeding the instability. The flow parameters are chosen such that the density fields are different, but that the kinetic energy decays at the same rate in both fluids. Direct numerical simulations are performed using a high-order accurate minimally dissipative kinetic-energy preserving and interface-capturing scheme. Results with and without gravity are compared to investigate flow isotropy and intermittency. The current results suggest that the initial anisotropy in the composition is not sufficient to make the initial isotropic field anisotropic in the absence of gravity.
Recent Advances in Palm Horticulture: Introduction to the Workshop

Palms (Arecaceae) are perhaps the most distinctive group of ornamental landscape plants, comprising a natural group that even lay people can readily identify. Palms are increasingly common in outdoor landscapes in tropical and subtropical regions and have long been favorites for interiorscapes everywhere. In the United States, landscape palms are common in Florida, California, and Hawaii, and their use is increasing in Arizona, Nevada, Texas, and many of the Gulf and south Atlantic coastal states. Palms are even being used outdoors in more temperate regions. However, palms differ significantly from other woody landscape plants in their biology, and these differences are reflected in their cultural needs and unconventional management practices. Fortunately, the last 25 years have seen a rapid increase in palm horticulture research. These articles discuss and summarize the most recent research-based information and developments in palm biology, seed propagation, planting and transplanting, nutrition and fertilizers, irrigation and water requirements, leaf removal and pruning, disease management, and the use of palms in temperate climates. This information is applicable to horticulturists, growers, extension agents, educators, and other professionals in the landscape and nursery industries.
Acute flaccid paralysis cases monitoring results analysis of Dehong area during 1995-2013

Objective Analysis the monitoring results of Acute Flaccid Paralysis( AFP),provides a scientific basis maintaining of keeping polio-free status. Methods Monitoring the acute flaccid paralysis by using China AFP Monitoring Program. Results 246 cases of acute flaccid paralysis were find from 1995 to 2013,an annual incidence were 4. 41 /100000. 6 strains of poliovirus were detective from 302 stool specimens( 2 were wild polio virus type I and 2 were type Ⅲ,1 was polio vaccine type II and 1 was type Ⅲ),the positive rate were2. 19%. 20 strains of Non-polio enterovirus, the positive rate were 8. 13%,4 cases were from abroad. Conclusions There is a high-risk input polio area in Dehong state,polio input risk is higher,immune barrier need to strengthen further.
Effects of Different Fertilizers on Growth and Development of Oil-tea Camellia

Using Oil-Tea Camellia grown in Ouyang village,Xinhua town,Jinping county as material,the effect of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth and development of Oil-tea Camellia were investigated by field plot experiment.The results showed that the content of N,P,K in Oil-tea Camellia leaf enhanced with the increase of fertilizer application.However,excessive P application inhibited Zinc absorption.Mixing application of N,P and K fertilizer was prone to elevated chlorophyll content,new shoot number and fruitsetting percentage.Particularly,combination of 0.32~0.48kg urea,0.64kg Calcium superphosphate and 0.15~0.45kg potassium chloride per plant gave the best yield,and aplication of 0.16kg urea,0.96kg calcium superphosphate and 0.45kg potassium chloride in each plant was proven to be best for fat accumulation.
Acute gouty arthritis is seasonal.

Objective Information regarding effect of weather conditions on gout is sparse. We conducted a study in the USA to examine whether gout is seasonal. Methods We reviewed synovial fluid (SF) analyses from our laboratory during 1990-1995 and identified 359 patients who had acute gouty attacks. All fluids of patients with acute gout had intracellular monosodium urate crystals and SF leukocyte counts > 2000/mm3 or more than 10 leukocytes per high power field (HPF). Retrospective chart review of all patients was performed to confirm a clinical picture of acute gout. A control group included 76 patients with acute pseudogout whose SF were analyzed during the same period and who had intracellular calcium pyrophosphate crystals and inflammatory leukocyte counts as in patients with gout. Results Acute gout was most common during the spring; n = 115 (32%). Ninety (25%) patients had acute gout attacks in the fall; 81 (23%) had acute attacks during the summer; 73 (20%) had acute attacks in the winter. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the overall frequency of acute gout during the months and seasons. Using ANOVA, there was no overall statistically significant difference in the incidence of gout per season (p = 0.07), although it approached statistical significance. Acute gouty attacks were more common in the spring compared with winter (p = 0.002) and summer (p = 0.015). There was a trend but no statistically significant difference compared with fall. Winter was the season in which the fewest acute gouty cases were seen, although it was not statistically significant. No seasonal difference was seen in the pseudogout group. There was no correlation between either mean monthly temperature or humidity and the incidence of acute gouty attacks. Conclusion Acute gout attacks are significantly more common in the spring. No seasonal variation was seen in patients with acute pseudogout attacks.
Gallstones, Obesity, and Jejunoileostomy

The main cause of gallstones in obese patients seems to be increased cholesterol mobility and excretion in the bile. The increased cholelithiasis seen after jejunoileal bypass surgery may be due to a possible limitation in bile salt synthesis, bacterial alteration of bile acids, and the effects of rapid weight loss, among other factors. When the causative factors are more thoroughly identified and understood, prophylactic treatment can be developed.
Post-Renal Transplant Calciphylaxis: Successful Treatment with Parathyroidectomy

AbstractCalciphylaxis occurs in renal transplant patients more frequently than in chronic hemodialysis patients. It can occur in a patient with normal renal function who is also normocalcemic. Early parathyroidectomy can lead to healing of the skin lesions and prevent death of sepsis.
Automatic indexing of abstracts via natural-language processing using a simple thesaurus.

The authors describe CLARIT processing as an approach to automatic indexing. They also explore two elements of the indexing process, identifying concepts in text and selecting concepts to reflect t...
3D Bioprinting and 3D Imaging for Stem Cell Engineering

Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing, a technology to create 3D tissue through layer-by-layer approach, offers great capacity to engineer tissue with desired cells, growth factors and biomaterial scaffolds in spatial patterns to mimic the native tissue architecture. With its flexibility and power, the 3D bio-printing technology can also be used to control stem cell fate and creating 3D stem cell niches. Meanwhile, 3D bio-printed tissues often incorporate thick opaque scaffold, dense population of cells, and are often large in size (1–100 mm). Thus, there are significant difficulties in visualizing the biological events within thick tissue constructs using current microscopic techniques. To elucidate the interaction of stem cells with the microenvironment in tissue engineering applications, it is necessary to develop novel molecular imaging techniques to non-invasively observe stem cell fate, cell-cell interactions, and structural features of an engineered tissue in real time. In this chapter, we review the usage of bio-printing technologies in stem cell and tissue engineering application, and the most recent development in the optical molecular imaging techniques for thick tissue imaging.
Attracting Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of Financial and Fiscal Incentives

For decades, countries in Asia and elsewhere have competed with each other to attract FDI by offering a variety of incentives and other concessionary measures. For example, many East Asian economies have been particularly aggressive in using preferential tax treatments and other implicit and explicit subsidies to attract FDI, for example through “bidding wars” or “fiscal wars”.1
What If Larger Public Firms are Sliced into Smaller Ones

Large firms are increasingly facing existential crisis. While knowledge and information era organizations are replacing industrial age giants in the honor rolls of technocratic leadership, quality, excellence, and profitability, the large industrial era firms (whether banking, utilities, automobile, metals) are struggling to retain their financial attractiveness and are increasingly becoming unsustainable.
Social network visualization for interest in music

In this paper, we addressed in social network visualization for people's interest in music. This visualization system designed for interest in music on social networks provides several capabilities: (A) visualization for friends who share the same interest in music, (B) to group people who share the same interest in music into categories, and (C) to recommend songs function for an increase in the common interest in music. These capabilities provide some essential capabilities for social networking analysis. Take the following for example: general users chat with others through instant messaging on social networks. Or perhaps, they would rather start up a discussion with other users. However, discussions of this kind that share similar interests can allow users to get to know others and improve interpersonal relationships. Afterwards, they can know their friends more about what they like and what dislike. In this dissertation, the research fellows need to handle the text information gathered from Plurk (the world-famous social network) to carry out regularization. We make use of the data mining method to analyze the information on the subject of music interest. We classify various types of songs. They also substitute these keywords called different degree of preference into the iSpreadRank algorithm to give different degree of preference. In our experience, this visualization system plays an essential rule in the analysis on social network.
Understanding Reasons for Workaholism: An Attachment Perspective

A full understanding of the antecedents of workaholism is important and essential to scholars who try to prevent and counter the workaholism problems in the organizations. The purpose of this artic...
Characterization of Hit Compounds Identified from High-throughput Screening for their Effect on Blood-brain Barrier Integrity and Amyloid-β Clearance: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Abstract In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is compromised, thus therapeutic targeting of the BBB to enhance its integrity and function could be a unique approach to treat, slow or hold the progression of AD. Recently, we have developed an in vitro high-throughput screening assay to screen for compounds that increase the integrity of a cell-based BBB model. Results from primary screen identified multiple hit compounds that enhanced the monolayer integrity. Herein, further characterization of selected hit compounds, namely 8-bromoguanosine cyclic monophosphate, JW74, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, SB216763 and α-tocopherol was performed. Compounds were subjected to concentration-dependent studies to determine their EC50 and potency to enhance the cell-based model integrity by the Lucifer Yellow permeability and amyloid-beta (Aβ) transport across the monolayer. The compounds demonstrated different EC50s to enhance the monolayer integrity ranging from 0.4 to 12.8 µM, and different effect on enhancing Aβ transport with highest transport observed for α-tocopherol (2.2-fold increase). Such effects were associated with increased levels of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5 and/or ZO-1, and Aβ major transport proteins LRP1 and P-glycoprotein. In vivo studies for α-tocopherol were performed in AD mouse model; consistent with the in vitro results α-tocopherol significantly increased BBB integrity measured by IgG extravasation, and reduced brain Aβ levels. In conclusion, findings support our developed cell-based BBB model as a functional predictive in vivo tool to select hit compounds, and suggest that enhancing BBB tightness and function has the potential to reduce Aβ pathology associated with AD.