cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis among South African HIV-positive men with genital ulcer disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives Demographic and risky sexual behaviours may increase the risk for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and, thus, enhance HIV transmission to uninfected partners. We assessed the demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with TV among South African HIV-positive men with genital ulcer disease. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with data from a randomised controlled trial conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The data were obtained from three primary healthcare clinics in South Africa. At baseline (n=387), participants reported on demographics, sexual behaviour, history of sexually transmitted infections and clinical ulcers. The outcome TV was measured using real-time multiplex PCR assays and a Rotor-gene 3000 platform from the first and past urine samples of all participants. Logistic regression model estimated ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for demographics, sexual risk behaviours and ulcer conditions. Results An estimated 11.4% of TV was detected among the men. The odds of TV infection were significantly associated with high blister counts (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 28, p=0.01), ulcer pain (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p=0.003), number of days with ulcers (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8, p=0.006), sought treatment before coming into clinics (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.7, p=0.005) and being unqualified worker (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 6.7 p=0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that increased days with ulcers (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.5, p=0.002) and ulcer pain intensity (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.007 to 1.1, p=0.05) remained significantly associated with decreased odds of TV infection. Men from the Sotho ethnic group were eight times more likely to have TV infection (OR 8.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 55.7, p Conclusion HIV-positive men with severe ulceration should be screened and treated for TV to minimise HIV transmission to uninfected partners.
Still Life with Rhetoric: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics

Most communication designers are familiar with the rhetorical conventions of structuralism and semiotics. They learned it in school and, if they’re academics, continue to teach it in their courses....
Dissemination from a Solid Tumor: Examining the Multiple Parallel Pathways

Metastasis can be generalized as a linear sequence of events whereby halting one or more steps in the cascade may reduce tumor cell dissemination and ultimately improve patient outcomes. However, metastasis is a complex process with multiple parallel mechanisms of dissemination. Clinical strategies focus on removing the primary tumor and/or treating distant metastases through chemo- or immunotherapies. Successful strategies for blocking metastasis will need to address the parallel mechanisms of dissemination and identify common bottlenecks. Here, we review the current understanding of common dissemination pathways for tumors. Understanding the complexities of metastasis will guide the design of new therapies that halt dissemination.
The medicalization of chronic pain

This paper presents an initial analysis of the medicalization of chronic pain, focusing on the definitions and treatment of chronic pain in recent decades. We identify several factors that contributed to this medicalization including the emergence of the gate control theory of pain, medical advocates for pain treatment and speciality training, the development of multidisciplinary pain clinics, the emergence of professional pain associations, extended medical treatments, and governmental decisions and support. The increased attention to chronic pain as a discrete medical category and innovations in chronic pain treatment have contributed to the medicalization of chronic pain in ways that suggest there may be benefits to society and pain sufferers, in contrast to many other cases of medicalization.
Female Sexual Dysfunction: Natural and Complementary Treatments

Sexual dysfunction, which may affect any part of the sexual response cycle (e.g., libido, arousal, and orgasm), is a highly prevalent condition among women and is associated with significant negative consequences for quality of life. Unfortunately, few effective traditional agents are available to treat this condition, especially in the postmenopausal cohort. It is therefore not surprising that many women seek alternative treatments for relief. The authors review popular alternative treatments for sexual dysfunction, emphasizing randomized, placebo-controlled trials when possible.
Duplex Ultrasound Diagnosis of Traumatic Popliteal Pseudoaneurysm with Associated Arteriovenous Fistula after Total Knee Replacement

A traumatic injury to the popliteal vasculature after orthopedic procedures is a known but uncommon entity in the vascular community and is estimated to occur from 0.08 to 0.5% in the literature co...
Development of multifunctional nanocomposites with 3-D printing additive manufacturing and low graphene loading:

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling is an additive manufacturing (AM) process commonly used for geometric modeling and rapid prototyping of parts called three-dimensional ...
Dynamic voltage balancing method for fast-switching SiC MOSFETs with high dv/dt rates

With their intrinsic superiorities such as high breakdown electric field and high thermal conductivity, SiC MOSFETs are replacing Si IGBTs in power electronics applications. However, at higher voltages SiC MOSFETs are at early stage of development and are not commercialized yet. Stacking individual semiconductors is an effective way of reaching higher voltages, however the inherent dynamic voltage sharing problem needs to be solved. The existing voltage balancing methods are mostly developed for Si-based semiconductors with slow switching speeds. This paper proposes a method for dynamic voltage sharing among stacked SiC MOSFETs with high dv/dt rates. The proposed method has the advantage of balancing voltage across stacked switches with minimum losses added. The method is validated via simulations in SABER environment, as well as experiments. The paper will demonstrate voltage balancing on two SiC MOSFETs stacked, however the method can be generalized to more SiC MOSFETs stacked in series.
Nitrogen enrichment shifts functional genes related to nitrogen and carbon acquisition in the fungal community

Abstract To better understand mechanisms of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics under anthropogenic N enrichment, we examined frequencies of C- and N-targeting genes in litter fungi. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that N enrichment selects for C-targeting genes but against N-targeting genes, if fungi preferentially invest resources in acquisition of growth-limiting nutrients. We conducted a fully-factorial litter and microbial transplant in a N fertilization experiment in Southern California grassland. The transplant design enabled us to contrast direct effects of N fertilization in the environment, indirect effects of N-induced shifts in the microbial community, and indirect effects of N-induced changes in plant litter chemistry. For each treatment, we assessed frequencies of select well-annotated fungal functional genes: cellulose-targeting AA9 genes (for C acquisition) versus ammonium transporter genes and amino acid permease genes (for N acquisition). We found that our hypothesis was upheld only with regard to shifts in the microbial community. Specifically, when grown in the same environment and litter, fungi from the N-fertilized plots displayed greater frequencies of cellulose-targeting AA9 genes from basidiomycetes, but smaller frequencies of ammonium transporter genes and amino acid permease genes, when compared to fungi from the control plots. In contrast, N fertilization in the plot environment was associated with higher frequencies of amino acid permease genes and ammonium transporter genes. Likewise, plant litter from the N-fertilized plots selected for higher frequencies of ammonium transporter genes. Altogether, we found fairly inconsistent effects of N enrichment on fungal functional genes related to C and N acquisition. Even if the genetic capacity of the fungal community to acquire C versus N changes owing to shifts in the microbial community, direct effects of N fertilization and indirect effects of litter chemistry may offset the response.
Book Review: An Imperfect Vocabulary of Religious Liberty

A Review of: LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE: IN DEFENSE OF AMERICA’S TRADITION OF RELIGIOUS EQUALITY, Martha C. Nussbaum, ed., pp. 406, Basic Books, 2008
The Association of Out-of-Pocket Spending and Health Status With Consumer-Directed Health Plan Choice.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study examines how health status and experiences with cost sharing affect consumers' choices between managed care and consumer-directed health plan (CDHP) options. Human resources and claims system information were obtained from a single, large multistate employer through a third-party firm that extracted, merged, and deidentified the data for a final sample of 9,616 insured households. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate plan choice between a managed care preferred provider organization and two forms of CDHP. Andersen's Behavioral Model guided the cross-sectional, nonexperimental ex post facto design.Results indicate that cost sharing and health status have minimal effect on CDHP choice when operationalized as a continuous measure. However, a nonlinear association is suggested when examining the lowest and lower cost-sharing and health status groups. Enrollees in the lowest cost-sharing and best health status groups are most likely to choose a CDHP option offering a health savings account, while those in the lower cost-sharing and better health status groups are most likely to opt for a CDHP that includes a health reimbursement arrangement.This study supports the assessment that CDHPs benefit from favorable selection. Results also suggest that previously experienced cost sharing is a greater factor than health status when choosing a CDHP, particularly for those who are less healthy and who have experienced greater out-of-pocket spending. Employers should consider enrollees' experiences with healthcare plans, as these may influence plan choice and suggest features most important to employees, which can also influence healthcare-related behaviors.
Binding During Extrusion of Added Flavorants as Influenced by Starch and Protein Types

SUMMARY A series of C 6 , C 8 and C 10 alcohols, aldehydes and acids were added to either 100% low or high amylose corn starch or 70% low or high amylose corn starch and two 30% isolated soy proteins having different functional properties or two 30% milk protein isolates having different properties. The mixtures were adjusted to 24% moisture and extruded at 125°. Resulting extrudates were enzymatically treated and the individual percent added compound retention determined gas chromatographically. Starch but not protein types did influence retention. Acids were bound more than alcohols with aldehydes being retained the least.
Bioengineering of bacterial pathogens for noninvasive imaging and in vivo evaluation of therapeutics

Critical bacterial pathogens of public health and biodefense concerns were engineered to constitutively express Escherichia coli enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) that allows for noninvasive nuclear imaging via phosphorylation and entrapment of radiolabeled nucleoside analog 1-(2′deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU). Expression of functional TK was established using a nucleoside analog Zidovudine that impeded the growth of tk-engineered bacteria. Significantly, no observable growth differences were detected for FIAU. High resolution mass spectrometry with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its tk variant (PAO1TK) confirmed FIAU phosphorylation and retention only in PAO1TK. In vitro gamma counting with wild-type PAO1, Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia pseudomallei Bp82 and their tk derivatives with [18F]FIAU further confirmed that tk variants selectively incorporated the radiotracer, albeit with varying efficiencies. In vitro [18F]FIAU labeling coupled with in vivo Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging of PAO1 and PAO1TK confirmed that only PAO1TK can be imaged in mice at sensitivities ≥107 bacteria per infection site. This was further verified by administering [18F]FIAU to animals infected with PAO1 and PAO1TK. Utility of tk-engineered P. aeruginosa in noninvasive PET/CT imaging for bacterial therapeutic evaluation in animals was demonstrated employing antibiotic ciprofloxacin, underscoring the immediate use of PAO1TK and potentially other engineered pathogens for evaluating experimental therapeutics.
Everyday functioning in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from the Revised-Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL-R)

Abstract Introduction Performance tasks are presumed to have greater validity than rating scales in assessing day-to-day behaviors in Parkinson's disease (PD). One such task is the revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL-R), which has been used extensively in healthy older adults, and but not yet empirically examined in PD. Thus, the aims of the current study were to examine and determine the impact of cognitive, motor, and mood symptoms on OTDL-R performance in PD. Method Nineteen non-demented PD patients and 18 healthy older adults (HC) were administered measures of mood and cognitive functioning, and the OTDL-R (subtests include medication and telephone use, and medication management). Clinical severity of PD was assessed using the H&Y stage, UPDRS, and Schwab and England functional disability scores. Results Mann Whitney U tests indicated the PD patients were significantly slower to complete the OTDL-R and performed worse on only the telephone use subtest, relative to the HC group. In the PD group, hierarchical regression analyses revealed memory, attention, and initiative/perseveration were uniquely associated with the financial management subtest, after controlling for motor severity (ps Conclusions PD patients were slower to complete the OTDL-R, but only less accurate on the telephone use subtest. Poor performance on the telephone use subtest may be related to motor severity, while poor performance on the financial management subtest was related to attention and working memory. Overall, the findings warrant future investigation to determine the validity and reliability of the OTDL-R in PD.
Histone acetyltransferase CBP is critical for conventional effector and memory T-cell differentiation in mice

Compared with naive T cells, memory CD8+ T cells have a transcriptional landscape and proteome that are optimized to generate a more rapid and robust response to secondary infection. Additionally, rewired kinase signal transduction pathways likely contribute to the superior recall response of memory CD8+ T cells, but this idea has not been experimentally confirmed. Herein, we utilized an MS approach to identify proteins that are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to Listeria-induced T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in both naive and memory CD8+ T cells from mice and separated by fluorescence- and flow cytometry–based cell sorting. This analysis identified substantial differences in tyrosine kinase signaling networks between naive and memory CD8+ T cells. We also observed that an important axis in memory CD8+ T cells couples Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) hyperactivation to the phosphorylation of CREB-binding protein (CBP). Functionally, JAK2-catalyzed phosphorylation enabled CBP to bind with higher affinity to acetylated histone peptides, indicating a potential epigenetic mechanism that could contribute to rapid initiation of transcriptional programs in memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that CBP itself is essential for conventional effector and memory CD8+ T-cell formation. These results indicate how signaling pathways are altered to promote CD8+ memory cell formation and rapid responses to and protection from repeat infections.
Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial to Address Balance Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of an in-home 12-week physical therapy (PT) intervention that utilized a virtual reality (VR) gaming system to improve balance in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting Home-based exercise program (HEP). Participants Individuals (N=63; traditional HEP n=32; VR n=31) at least 1 year post-TBI, ambulating independently within the home, not currently receiving PT services. Main Outcome Measures Primary: Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CBM Secondary: Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O). Results No significant between-group differences were observed in the CBM ABC (P=.4343) and PART-O (P=.8822). However, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in CB&M and BESTest from baseline to 6, 12, and at 12 weeks follow-up (all P’s Conclusion This study did not find that VR training was more beneficial than a traditional HEP for improving balance. However, individuals with chronic TBI in both treatment groups demonstrated improvements in balance in response to these interventions which were completed independently in the home environment.
GC B cells 'AKT' to blunt BCR signaling.

A novel feedback loop coordinated by germinal center–specific signaling via the kinase AKT activates negative regulators of upstream BCR signaling to attenuate responses to antigen stimulation.
Elbow Joint Pain

The elbow joint is a complex structure. This chapter reviews anatomy of the elbow joint as well as evaluation and treatment of elbow joint pain.
Polariton Electroluminescence in Monolayer WS 2

We demonstrate a room temperature polariton LED using monolayer WS2 embedded in a microcavity in the strong coupling regime. Electrical injection is accomplished via graphene contacts and hBN tunnel barriers integrated with the microcavity. © 2019 The Author(s)
Rotational dynamics of a particle in a turbulent stream

The paper presents results for the resolved numerical simulation of a turbulent flow past a homogeneous sphere and a spherical shell of equal mass and radius (and, therefore, with a larger moment of inertia) free to rotate around a fixed center. This situation approximates the behavior of a particle whose relative motion with respect to the fluid is driven by external forces, such as a density difference in a gravitational field. Holding the center fixed makes it possible to have precise information on the turbulent flow incident on the particle by repeating the same simulations without the particle. Two particle Reynolds numbers based on the mean velocity, Rep=80 and 150, are investigated; the incident turbulence has Reλ=36 and 31, respectively. The particle diameter is an order of magnitude larger than the Kolmogorov length scale and close to the integral length scale. The turbulent eddies that interact most strongly with the particle are characterized. Their size is found to increase with Rep due to the interplay of the convection timescale, the particle timescale, and the eddy timescale, but it remains of the order of the particle diameter. The sign of the hydrodynamic torque is likely to persist much less than the convection time, although longer durations are also found, revealing the effect of occasional interactions with larger eddies. The autocorrelation of the torque changes sign at shorter and shorter fractions of the convection time as the Reynolds number increases. Significant cross-stream forces are found. An analysis of their magnitude shows that they are mostly due to induced vortex shedding combined with a weaker Magnus-like mechanism.
Examining the Impact of Legal Arizona Worker Act on Native Female Labor Supply in the United States

Low-skilled immigration has been argued to lower the price of services that are close substitutes for household production, reducing barriers for women to enter the labor market. Therefore, policies that reduce the number of low-skilled immigrants who work predominantly in low-skilled service occupations may have an unintended consequence of lowering women’s participation in the labor market. This article examines the labor supply impact of the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), which led to a large decline in the low-skilled immigrant workforce of the state. The analysis shows no evidence that LAWA statistically significantly affected US-born women’s labor supply in Arizona. This finding is partly explained by an increase in native workers in household service occupations due to LAWA, which offset the decline in immigrants in these occupations and caused the cost of household services to be relatively uninfluenced by the passage of LAWA.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Ribosome-Sec61p Translocation Complexes From Mammals

Co-translational translocation at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a critical role in the targeting of both soluble and membrane proteins to their correct intra- and intercellular compartments. We are studying the 3D architecture of the ribosome-Sec61p complex (translocon), with the aim of understanding the physical mechanisms of gating and transport. To this end, we are using single particle electron cryo-microscopy and 3D reconstruction of frozen hydrated channel complexes, to obtain interpretable and biologically relevant maps.Previously, we have shown that both co- and post-translational translocation utilize a common central channel comprised of a ring-like Sec61p oligomer. Moreover, this channel morphology is shared with the related Sec YE complex from B. subtilus. Mass analysis, volume calculations and ribosome binding experiments suggest a stoichiometry of 3-4 Sec61p heterotrimers per ring. We currently favor 4 copies of the Sec61p complex per channel, as projection maps demonstrate 4 nearly equi-spaced peaks around the central pore.
Saft Imaging in Anisotropic Media

In many practical applications, the ability to focus acoustic waves is of critical importance. A variety of techniques have been developed for this purpose. Typically, a physical lens is used for this purpose. However, with the advancement in digital signal processing techniques, electronic focusing methods are being utilized with increasing frequency. Prior research has demonstrated the utility of synthetic aperture techniques for increasing signal to noise ratios. This activity has been principally confined to isotropic applications. When anisotropic media have been considered, isotropic algorithms have been utilized despite the errors introduced by this simplifying assumption. Wave propagation in anisotropic media is significantly more complex than the isotropic case due to the directional dependence of material properties and beam skew phenomena. In this work, a SAFT algorithm, which properly accounts for anisotropy is developed.
Novel Decision Support Interventions for Low-risk Thyroid Cancer.

This quality improvement study examines a patient-oriented intervention to support decision-making about low-risk thyroid cancer treatment.
What Happens When the Replicants Become Extimate? On the Uncanny Cut of the Capitalocene in Blade Runner 2049

Engaging Lacanian theory with recent work in New Materialism and Object Oriented Ontology, this essay explores Blade Runner 2049’s anxiety over technological birth as an expression of the anxiety-point of the capitalocene. That is, as New Materialism’s “flat ontology” demonstrates, objects have taken on a more ambiguous and uncanny status in our modern era, when humans and their environment are more “intertwined.” The essay interprets New Materialism as a symptom of the capitalocene and uses the psychoanalytic concept of the uncanny to interpret Blade Runner 2049 as an expression of capitalist power struggle and the antagonisms that define it in an age environmental collapse.
How well do measures of judicial ability predict judicial performance?: A case study using securities class actions

Abstract Diverse measures are used as proxies for judicial ability, ranging from the college and law school a judge attended to the rate at which her decisions are cited by other judges. Yet there has been little examination of which of these ability measures is better or worse at predicting the quality of judicial performance – including the management and disposition of cases. In this article, we attempt to evaluate these measures of ability by examining a rich group of performance indicators. Our innovation is to derive performance measures from judicial decisions other than case outcomes (which are inherently difficult to evaluate): the decisions to preside over a securities class action, to reject a motion for lead plaintiff, to dismiss the complaint with prejudice, and to reject a request for fees. In each case, an affirmative decision requires more work from the judge, and thus may be an indicator that the judge works hard and, all else equal, performs well. Using a database of securities class action cases, we find that judges who publish frequently and are highly cited are more likely to dismiss with prejudice but no more likely to make the hard choice in the other cases. Other proxies for judicial ability (attended top law school, judicial experience, earlier position as judge, prior private practice, heavy business caseload, and senior status) are more mixed in terms of their predictive power.
Daytime-to-Nighttime Sleep Ratios and Cognitive Impairment in Older Intensive Care Unit Survivors.

BACKGROUND Sleep duration and proportion of daytime versus nighttime sleep may affect cognitive function in older patients in the transition out of the intensive care unit. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratio and cognitive impairment in older intensive care unit survivors. METHODS The study enrolled 30 older adults within 24 to 48 hours after intensive care unit discharge. All participants were functionally independent before admission and underwent mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Actigraphy was used to estimate daytime (6 AM to 9:59 PM) and nighttime (10 PM to 5:59 AM) total sleep duration. Daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratios were calculated by dividing the proportion of daytime sleep by the proportion of nighttime sleep. The National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCST) was used to assess cognition. Associations between sleep and cognition were explored using multivariate regression after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The mean (SD) daytime sleep duration was 7.55 (4.30) hours (range, 0.16-14.21 hours), and the mean (SD) nighttime sleep duration was 4.99 (1.95) hours (range, 0.36-7.21 hours). The mean (SD) daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratio was 0.71 (0.30) (range, 0.03-1.10). Greater daytime sleep duration (β = -0.351, P = .008) and higher daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratios (β = -0.373, P = .008) were negatively associated with DCCST scores. CONCLUSIONS The daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratio was abnormally high in the study population, revealing an altered sleep/wake cycle. Higher daytime-to-nighttime sleep ratios were associated with worse cognition, suggesting that proportionally greater daytime sleep may predict cognitive impairment.
Hispanic Perspectives on Parkinson's Disease Care and Research Participation.

Author(s): Damron, Lisa; Litvan, Irene; Bayram, Ece; Berk, Sarah; Siddiqi, Bernadette; Shill, Holly | Abstract: Background: Hispanics are under-represented in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research despite the importance of diversity for results to apply to a wide range of patients. Objective: To investigate the perspective of Hispanic persons with Parkinson disease (PWP) regarding awareness, interest, and barriers to participation in research. Methods: We developed and administered a survey and qualitative interview in English and Spanish. For the survey, 62 Hispanic and 38 non-Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center were recruited in Arizona. For interviews, 20 Hispanic PWP, 20 caregivers, and six physicians providing service to Hispanic PWP in the community were recruited in California. Survey responses of Hispanic and non-Hispanic PWP were compared. Major survey themes were identified by applying grounded theory and open coding. Results: The survey found roughly half (Q1 54%, Q2 55%) of Hispanic PWP linked to a tertiary center knew about research; there was unawareness among community Hispanic PWP. Most preferred having physician recommendations for research participation and were willing to participate. Hispanics preferred teams who speak their native language and include family. Research engagement, PD knowledge, role of family, living with PD, PD care, pre-diagnosis/diagnosis emerged as themes from the interview. Conclusion: Barriers exist for participation of Hispanic PWP in research, primarily lack of awareness of PD research opportunities. Educating physicians of the need to encourage research participation of Hispanic PWP can address this. Physicians need to be aware of ongoing research and should not assume PWP disinterest. Including family members and providing research opportunities in their native language can increase research recruitment.
Navigating in Deep Waters: How Tissue Damage and Inflammation Shape Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cell Responses.

Memory CD8+ T cells promote protective immunity against viruses or cancer. Our field has done a terrific job identifying how CD8+ T cell memory forms in response to Ag. However, many studies focused on systems in which inflammation recedes over time. These situations, while relevant, do not cover all situations in which CD8+ T cell memory is relevant. It is increasingly clear that CD8+ T cells with a memory phenotype form in response to infections with extensive or prolonged tissue inflammation, for example, influenza, herpes, and more recently, COVID-19. In these circumstances, inflammatory mediators expectedly affect forming memory CD8+ T cells, especially in tissues in which pathogens establish. Notwithstanding recent important discoveries, many outstanding questions on how inflammation shapes CD8+ T cell memory remain unanswered. We will discuss, in this review, what is already known and the next steps to understand how inflammation influences CD8+ T cell memory.
Readmission and reoperation after laryngeal dilation in children: NSQIP-P analysis.

Abstract Objective To identify specific comorbidities and their relationship to complications in children who underwent laryngeal dilation, specifically comparing children with tracheostomy versus no tracheostomy as well as differences in outcomes between age groups. Methods Retrospective study analyzing data collected in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Improvement – Pediatric Database (2015–2018). Patients were selected using Current Procedural Terminology code 31528. Variables analyzed include demographics, comorbidities, readmission, reoperation, reintubation and total length of stay. Results 982 cases were identified. Comorbidities significantly higher (p 1 but ≤ 3 years, N = 151) and 3 (Age > 3 years, N = 270) include premature birth, ventilator dependent, oxygen support, cardiac risk factors, steroid use, nutritional support, and hematologic disorders. Comorbidities significantly higher (p Conclusion Younger children and those without a tracheostomy are more likely to have adverse outcomes after laryngeal dilation. Awareness of these associations and outcomes is helpful in establishing benchmarks for outcomes in this group.
Investigating the dynamic interdependency between poverty and marital separation

This paper investigates the links between poverty and marital separation. In order to account for both unobserved heterogeneity and complex dynamics, the paper builds and estimates a dynamic nonlinear panel model with correlated random effects. The main finding is that a substantial portion of the link between poverty and separation appears to derive spuriously from unobserved factors that affect both outcomes. However, even after accounting for dynamics and unobserved heterogeneity, there remains a strong association between the arrival of poverty and marital separation. The results appear to suggest that poverty and separation often arrive concurrently, though that finding might stem from the relatively course periodicity of large micro household panel surveys. To that end, this paper presents a case for household surveys to adopt more frequent recordings of information.
Case 13: What Can the Problem Be?

You are working as an anesthesiologist in a university hospital in Durban, South Africa. The head of the department has sent you to investigate a sudden increased incidence of difficult endotracheal intubations at a small mission hospital in northern Natal.
Experimental demonstration of continuous bubble nucleation in rhyolite

Abstract Bubble nucleation is the first step in magma degassing. The kinetics of bubble nucleation during eruptive magma ascent determines the rate of magma degassing, which in turn, has a significant control on the explosivity of eruptions. Here, we examine if bubble nucleation in rhyolite can be continuous over the inferred timescale of magma travel time from reservoir to the surface in explosive silicic eruptions. We performed homogeneous bubble nucleation experiments using cylinders cored from natural rhyolite. Samples were hydrated at an initial pressure and temperature, then decompressed to a final pressure, and held at that pressure for various amounts of time before being quenched. Within a given suite samples had the same temperature as well as initial and final pressures, but were held for different annealing times. The resulting bubble number density of samples within each suite increases by up to 2 orders of magnitude as annealing time increases, indicating that nucleation continued during annealing. We estimate the nucleation rate and duration from measured bubble number densities and show that nucleation in the majority of samples was still ongoing at the time of quenching. Our findings confirm theoretical predictions that bubble nucleation can be a continuous process during eruptive magma ascent in explosive eruptions.
IMPROVED PRESSURE PAIN THRESHOLDS AND FUNCTION FOLLOWING NOXIOUS ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON A RUNNER WITH CHRONIC ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY: A CASE REPORT.

Background and Purpose Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury sustained by athletes including runners. The use of noxious electrical stimulation for the treatment of chronic tendinopathies is a novel treatment intervention, which may alter pain perception and serve as adjunct technique in the recovery of painfree function. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the use of noxious electrical stimulation for the treatment of chronic, bilateral Achilles tendinopathy that was resistant to conservative treatment using plantarflexor eccentric exercise.
Authentic caring occasions for patients in hairy cell leukemia clinical trials.

BACKGROUND Rare diseases present challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and researchers. Rare disease communities exist for collaboration, dissemination of information, and to promote support for all community members. Patients with a rare disease desire to be supported through a rare disease community. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare adult B-cell lymphocytic cancer that currently has no cure. OBJECTIVES Patients with relapsed or refractory HCL may need to consider participation in a clinical trial. The research nurse can initiate a planned caring occasion based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring. The purpose of the planned caring occasion for patients with HCL in clinical trials is to establish authentic intentional caring encounters between the research nurse and patients and meaningful caring encounters between patients. OBSERVATIONS Relapsed or refractory patients enrolled in an HCL clinical trial identify the trial as a microcommunity and the research nurse as an advocate and liaison. Patients seek support, empowerment, and the opportunity to connect with other patients with HCL. The planned caring occasion has the potential to provide a healing environment and facilitate shared experiences of living with HCL. The potential outcome for patients is strengthened holistic wellness.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in a patient with cardiomyopathy and hemophilia A

To report the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in a patient with hemophilia A and dilated cardiomyopathy. Case report. During ECMO factor VIII concentrate was administered to maintain a factor VIII level close to 50% of normal control both to decrease the risk of bleeding and to allow standard anticoagulation with heparin. The patient developed an inhibitor to exogenous factor VIII during hospitalization, which was successfully managed with a high-dose continuous infusion of factor VIII during ECMO, the transplant operation, and the postoperative period. We report the successful use of ECMO as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in a patient with hemophilia A and low-level factor VIII inhibitors.
Combined Visual and Inertial Navigation for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

We describe an UAV navigation system which combines stereo visual odometry with inertial measurements from an IMU. Our approach fuses the motion estimates from both sensors in an extended Kalman filter to determine vehicle position and attitude. We present results using data from a robotic helicopter, in which the visual and inertial system produced a final position estimate within 1% of the measured GPS position, over a flight distance of more than 400 meters. Our results show that the combination of visual and inertial sensing reduced overall positioning error by nearly an order of magnitude compared to visual odometry alone.
Abstract 4259: The radiogenomic landscape of cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for many solid malignancies. Despite this, there have not been extensive systematic analyses of the correlation between therapeutic sensitivity and genomic parameters. To accelerate discovery of patient-matched radiotherapy, or precision radiotherapeutics, systematic approaches are needed to identify specific genetic features that confer radiotherapeutic resistance and target these features with small-molecule drugs. We have quantitatively measured the sensitivity of 533 genomically characterized cancer cell lines to radiation, uncovering novel and established genetic, lineage, chromosomal copy number, and gene-expression-based dependencies. We show that small molecules that target genetic alterations driving therapeutic resistance effect genotype selective radiosensitization, establishing a preclinical basis for personalized therapeutic regimens. This dataset is an important resource that can be used to develop novel therapeutic hypotheses and to accelerate discovery of drugs given concurrently with radiation matched to patients by their cancer genotype, thereby enhancing efficacy and limiting toxicity in the context of a new approach of precision radiotherapy. Citation Format: Mohamed Abazeed, Drew Adams, Pablo Tamayo, Matthew Meyerson, Peter Hammerman, Stuart Schreiber. The radiogenomic landscape of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4259
Bone-grafting for severe patellar bone loss during revision knee arthroplasty

Background: Severe patellar bone loss may preclude adequate fixation of another patellar prosthesis as a part of revision knee replacement. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical technique and early clinical results of an alternative to the conventional treatment options of either patellectomy or retention of the remaining patellar osseous shell. The goals of this procedure are to restore patellar bone stock and potentially to improve the functional outcome. Methods: Severe patellar bone loss had left a "patellar shell" that precluded insertion of another patellar implant in nine of 100 consecutive knees undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty. Rather than performing a patellectomy or simply retaining the patellar osseous shell in these nine knees (eight patients), I performed a surgical procedure in which a tissue flap was secured to the patellar rim to contain cancellous bone graft inserted into the patellar bone defect. Final follow-up was at a mean of 36.7 months (range, twenty-four to fifty-five months) after the patellar bone-grafting procedure. Results: The mean preoperative Knee Society scores for function and pain were 39 points (range, 18 to 82 points) and 40 points (range, 20 to 80 points), respectively. At the time of final follow-up, the Knee Society function and pain scores had improved significantly, to a mean function score of 91 points (range, 80 to 98 points) and a mean pain score of 84 points (range, 65 to 100 points) (p < 0.05). The point of greatest patellar thickness measured intraoperatively ranged from 7 to 9 mm. Patellar thickness on immediate postoperative Merchant radiographs averaged 22 mm (range, 20 to 25 mm) whereas, at the time of final follow-up, patellar thickness averaged 19.7 mm (range, 17 to 22.5 mm). Conclusions: In contrast with other treatment alternatives, this surgical procedure imparts the potential for restoring patellar bone stock and may improve functional outcome by facilitating patellar tracking and improving quadriceps leverage. On the basis of satisfactory short-term to mid-term clinical results, this technique of patellar bone-grafting appears to be an important addition to the armamentarium of surgeons performing revision knee arthroplasties.
Developing Cellular Therapies for Stroke

Cell therapies refer to the use of cells or cellular material that exert a treatment effect in animal models of disease. During the past 15 years, a range of different types of cell therapies has emerged as potential new treatments that are under development for stroke and other neurological disorders. The past quarter century has witnessed the success of thrombolytic therapy and the failure of neuroprotective agents for acute ischemic stroke. These therapeutic strategies often target a single pathway (tissue-type plasminogen to dissolve clots in the former case and specific biochemical pathways of injury in the latter). Cell therapies represent an entirely different biopharmaceutical approach. In stroke, there are 2 broad goals for the therapeutic application of cell-based therapies. The first is to transplant cells, usually by direct injection to the brain, to graft and create new tissue that may restore neuronal connections damaged or lost in a stroke. In the 1990s, several groups of investigators initially pursued this goal to transplant grafted cells in patients with chronic stroke.1,2 However, cell transplantation with the intention of engraftment is likely going to require extensive preclinical work to address several biological challenges that many investigators are actively pursuing. Those challenges to use cells and recreate lost circuitry after a stroke are well described by Dihne et al.3 The second goal, which is the focus of this review, has more immediate clinical applications in which exogenous cells administered to the body cause a range of paracrine and immunomodulatory effects, the end result of which leads to a reduction in secondary injury processes and stimulation of brain repair after stroke (Figure). Figure. Various temporal windows can be envisioned that provide different mechanistic targets for cell therapies in stroke. The types of cell therapies under development range from embryonic/fetal sources (embryonic …
Iron Deficiency Alters the Progression of Mitogen-Treated Murine Splenic Lymphocytes through the Cell Cycle

The influence of iron deficiency on the progression of mitogen-treated splenic lymphocytes through the cell cycle was studied in 16 control, 16 pair-fed, 15 iron-deficient (ID) and 16 ID mice that were repleted for up to 3 d (R3). The test and control diets differed only in iron concentrations (0.09 vs. 0.9 mmol/kg). When mice were killed (68 d of feeding), the hemoglobin concentration and liver iron stores of ID and R3 mice were <50% those of control mice (P < 0.05). Iron deficiency did not reduce the percentage of CD3(+) cells, but decreased CD3(+) cells/mg spleen (P < 0.05). In concanavalin A-treated and nonactivated cultures, there were no significant differences among groups in the percentages of cells in resting phase of the cell cycle (G0) to cell cycle initiation phase (G1), DNA synthesis phase (S) and exit from the S phase (G2) to mitosis phase (M) phases. In anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/anti-CD28-treated cultures, higher percentages of lymphocytes from ID and R3 mice than those from control and pair-fed mice were in the G0--G1 phase (P < 0.05). Conversely, lower percentages of activated cells from ID and R mice than those from control and pair-fed mice were in S and G2--M phases (P < 0.05). Incubation of lymphocytes with mitogens decreased the percentages of cells in G0--G1 phase from 90% to 80% in control and pair-fed but not in ID and R3 mice (P < 0.05). In activated cells, indices of iron status negatively correlated with the percentages of cells in G0--G1 (r = -0.306 to -0.597) but positively with those in S (r = 0.166--0.511) and G2--M phases (r = 0.265-0.59; P < 0.05). Data suggest that altered cell cycle progression likely contributes to impaired lymphocyte proliferation usually associated with iron deficiency.
Influence of age and gender on cardiac output-VO2 relationships during submaximal cycle ergometry.

Proctor, David N., Kenneth C. Beck, Peter H. Shen, Tamara J. Eickhoff, John R. Halliwill, and Michael J. Joyner. Influence of age and gender on cardiac output-V˙o 2 relationships during submaximal ...
Ultrastructural localization of the kainate selective glutamate receptor in noradrenergic perikarya and dendrites of the nucleus locus coeruleus in the rat brain

To determine the regional and cellular distribution of the kainate receptor subtype in the LC, we combined immunoperoxidase labeling of an antibody which recognized the three identified members of the kainate receptor subunit class, with immunogold-silver localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Light microscopy showed that kainate receptor-like (KAr-li) immunoreactivity was dense throughout the LC. Electron microscopy revealed that KAr-li immunoreactivity was mainly located at synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of the plasmalemma in dendrites and somata, many of which also contained gold-silver labeling for TH. Unlabeled axon terminals often formed asymmetric (excitatory-type) synaptic contacts with postsynaptic dendrites containing KAr-li immunolabeling. In perikarya, KAr-li immunoreactivity was often associated with subcellular organelles including the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Axon terminals were infrequently immunolabeled for KAr-li in the LC. These results provide the first direct ultrastructural evidence that the excitatory amino acid, glutamate, may locally modulate noradrenergic neurons in the LC through kainate-type receptors located at postsynaptic and extrasynaptic cellular sites.
Performance of coupled building energy and CFD simulations

Abstract The integration of building energy simulation (ES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs can provide more accurate prediction of building energy use and indoor environment due to the complementary information provided by the two programs. This paper outlines briefly a coupled energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics program with different coupling methods and validates the coupled program by using four sets of experimental data from literature. The comparison of the simulated results with the experimental/empirical data reveals the advantages of the integrated building simulation over the separated energy simulation and computational-fluid-dynamics applications. The program was then used to calculate the cooling load of a large-scale indoor auto-racing complex.