cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neodymium and erbium coordination environments in phosphate glasses

The local structures of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions in two series of rare-earth (RE) phosphate glasses with nominal compositions ${\mathrm{xR}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\ensuremath{-}(1\ensuremath{-}x){\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5},$ where $R=\mathrm{Nd}$ and Er and $0.05l~xl~0.28,$ have been characterized by ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$-edge extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The RE coordination number depends on the ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ content, decreasing from 9.0 (10) oxygen nearest neighbors in ultraphosphate compositions $(xl0.15)$ to 6.4 (9) oxygen nearest neighbors for the metaphosphate $(x\ensuremath{\sim}0.25)$ compositions. The average Er-O bond distance decreases from 2.29 (1) to 2.23 (1) \AA{}, and the average Nd-O bond distance decreases from 2.40 (1) to 2.37 (1) \AA{} over the same compositional range. The changes in coordination environments are consistent with the conversion of isolated RE polyhedra to clustered RE polyhedra sharing common oxygens as the number of available terminal oxygens per RE ion decreases with increasing x.
Immunoregulatory disorders associated with hereditary angioedema. I. Clinical manifestations of autoimmune disease.

Occasional reports have appeared linking hereditary angioedema (HAE) with autoimmune diseases. We have systematically evaluated 157 patients for manifestations of autoimmunity. Nineteen of these patients (12%) had clinical immunoregulatory diseases including glomerulonephritis (five patients), Sjogren's syndrome (three), inflammatory bowel disease (three), thyroiditis (two), systemic lupus erythematosus (one), drug-induced lupus (one), rheumatoid arthritis (one), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with IgA deficiency (one), incipient pernicious anemia (one), and sicca syndrome (one). All eight patients with HAE who developed an autoimmune disease with a known human histocompatibility antigen association developed a disease associated with their histocompatibility antigen haplotype (p = 0.014). Although only four patients developed Sjogren's syndrome or sicca syndrome, an additional nine manifested part of the sicca complex. We also found patients with HAE with features suggestive of an immune-based abnormality. These features included idiopathic pancreatitis (three patients), Raynaud's disease (two), partial lipodystrophy (one), chronic chorioretinitis (one), and alopecia universalis (one).
The Immediacy of the Moon Illusion

Exception is taken to the conclusion that the terrestrial-passage theory ignores the immediacy of the experience of the moon illusion and is therefore to be rejected. The meaning of immediacy and the definition of the illusion as a horizon enlargement are examined critically. In demonstrating that immediacy is not ignored, the passage theory is restated, with special attention to potential tests of the theory in explaining individual differences and related phenomena.
A Rule-Account of Metathesis in Gascon

This paper presents a systematic diachronic study of metathesis in Gascon, in dialect of Occitan. A method of weighing syllables is proposed to arrive at a rule-account of metathesis and the analysis is based on the claim that the difference in weight between two contiguous syllables can explain the metathesis process. The syllable weight approach is shown to apply to all instances and absences of metathesis in Gascon and is able to predict its occurrence under a single rule accounting for all possibly relevant environments.
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AT 36 MO FOLLOWING ACUTE PERINATAL ASPHYXIA.▴ 1662

The objective of our study was to describe PET performed in term AGA infants at 36 mo who were diagnosed to have perinatal asphyxia defined as cord ph <7.1, 5 min Apgar ≤4, need for CPR at birth and presence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Surviving infants had serial neurological examinations categorized at 36 mo as normal, neuromotor impairment with no developmental delay, or cerebral palsy (CP with developmental delay). Infants had neonatal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 mo. At 36 mo infants underwent PET to assess glucose metabolism using Siemens EXACT-HR tomograph with IV administration of 0.143 mCi/kg of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG). PET and neurologic exams were performed by independent examiners.
Mathematical model parameters for describing the particle size spectra of knife-milled corn stover

Particle size distributions of Corn stover (Zea mays L.) created by a knife mill were determined using integral classifying screens with sizes from 12.7 to 50.8 mm, operating at speeds from 250 to 500 rpm, and mass input rates ranging from 1 to 9 kg min−1. Particle distributions were classified using American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) standardised sieves for forage analysis that incorporated a horizontal sieving motion. The sieves were made from machined-aluminium with their thickness proportional to the sieve opening dimensions. A wide range of analytical descriptors that could be used to mathematically represent the range of particle sizes in the distributions were examined. The correlation coefficients between geometric mean length and screen size, feed rate, and speed were 0.980, 0.612, and −0.027, respectively. Screen size and feed rate directly influenced particle size, whereas operating speed had a weak indirect relation with particle size. The Rosin–Rammler equation fitted the chopped corn stover size distribution data with coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.978. This indicated that particle size distribution of corn stover was well-fit by the Rosin–Rammler function. This can be attributed to the fact that Rosin–Rammler expression was well suited to the skewed distribution of particle sizes. Skewed distributions occurred when significant quantities of particles, either finer or coarser, existed or were removed from region of the predominant size. The mass relative span was slightly greater than 1, which indicated that it was a ‘borderline narrow to wide’ distribution of particle sizes. The uniformity coefficient was
The Valentinian Claim To Esoteric Exegesis of Romans as Basis for Anthropological Theory

Investigation of Valentinian exegesis of Romans indicates that certain gnostic theologians claim to have developed their anthropological theory from an esoteric exegesis of Romans. While most Christians read the epistle "literally", as Paul's discussion of the contrast between the revelation to Israel and the revelation in Christ, these exegetes read it allegorically. Accordingly, they claim, what Paul describes as the situation of "the Jews" who stand "in the law" (cf. Rm. 2.12; 3.19), subject to "sin" and "death" (8.2 f.) allegorically describes the situation of psychic Christians. They, as "Jews", worship the "God of the Jews" (3.29), the demiurge, whose law requires them to earn their salvation "from works" (4.2). Conversely, Paul's discussion of the "Gentiles", who, "outside the law", have in their hearts the "law by nature" (2.12-15) describes the situation of the pneumatics. These receive redemption entirely "apart from the law" (3.21), "without works" (3.28). They are the elect foreordained by the Father (8.29f.), redeemed "through faith", "according to grace" (3.21-30). This analysis suggests that the traditional framework for interpreting gnostic anthropology - either in terms of "determinism" (Bultmann, 1941) or of "free will" (L. Schottroff, 1969) - proves inadequate. Such anthropological terms as the "natures" (φστδ) or their designation as "hylic/psychic/pneumatic" instead are intended to present a modified theory of election, allegedly Pauline. They are intended to differentiate between the psychics' salvation, effected by choice "through works", on the one hand, and the pneumatics' redemption through divine election on the other — an election received "through faith", and "by grace".
"The survival of the fittest is our doctrine": history or histrionics?

teenth century reached unusual agreement on one point. Opponents of increased state action, they alleged, were engaged in a highly dubious enterprise of wedding Darwinism to the virtues of classical economics, thus trading illicitly on the prestige of the new science. In Progress and Poverty (1879), Henry George charged that Malthusianism was now "buttressed" by the new science, and bemoaned "a sort of hopeful fatalism, of which current literature is full." "The final plea for any form of brutality in these days," wrote the Nationalist Edward Bellamy, "is that it tends to the survival of the fittest." "The survival of the fittest is our doctrine," echoed the reformer Henry Demarest Lloyd. "The representatives of science" noted the sociologist Lester Ward more soberly, "stand boldly in the track of current events." Ward acknowledged that appeals to "natural law" antedated the Darwinian doctrines of "survival of the fittest" and "natural selection." But, he added, "it cannot be denied that these doctrines ... have greatly strengthened this habit of thought."' This testimony is important for two reasons. Urging programs that ranged from the Single Tax to socialism, these reformers were in common battle against theories of laissez-faire, individualism, and related success mythologies that had bloomed during America's first stage of industrialism. The charge that defenders of laissez-faire had misappropriated Darwinism was an important part of their struggle since it usually prefaced a "correct" reading of evolution, the "reform Darwinism" that informed many socialist and neo-liberal proposals. Moreover, these same charges were widely quoted in historical accounts of "social Darwinism" which appeared during the 1940's and 1950's, the most important of which is Richard Hofstadter's Social Darwinism in American Thought (1944). Darwinism-as embodied in the popular catchwords "struggle for existence," "natural selection," and "survival of the fittest," as well as in a general evolutionism-was, Hofstadter
Effect of external irradiation on the clearance and fate of transuranic oxides deposited in rat lung

Since internal exposures to radionuclides may also involve external radiation exposure, we initiated a series of studies to determine the fate of inhaled transuranic compounds in combination with external irradiation. For the first study, rats were irradiated in the thoracic region with a neutron or gamma source at doses comparable to those used for radiotherapy. Two to five months later, they wre exposed to a suspension of /sup 239/PuO/sub 2/ via inhalation or intratracheal instillation, and the clearance of radionuclide was compared to that in unirradiated rats. In a second study, rats received whole-body gamma exposures immediately before inhaling either /sup 239/Pu or /sup 244/Cm as high-fixed oxides. Exposure to 0.31-0.39 C/kg (1200-1500 R) of gamma or 9.5 Gy neutron irradiation months before inhalation inhibited the lung clearance of Pu, whereas whole-body irradiation immediately before inhalation exposure had little effect on clearance or translocation of Pu and Cm. 9 refs., 3 tabs.
Concerning the presence and formation of ascorbic acid in yeasts

Abstract The selective, sensitive method of analysis of ascorbic acid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) has been used to determine the ascorbic acid content of cell extracts from yeasts grown in glucose-free medium, 0.3 M D-glucose, and 0.112 M L-galactono-1,4-lactone. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain G-25 and its tetraploid) and a commercial baker's yeast contained less than 2 μg ascorbic acid g−1 wet wt. of cells when grown for 22 h in glucose-free medium. In 0.3 M D-glucose, only the commercial baker's yeast gave a slight increase (2–50 μg g−1 wet wt. in 22 h). In 0.112 M L-galactono-1,4-lactone, all three strains produced ascorbic acid (372–587 μg g−1 wet wt. in 22 h). Lypomyces starkeyi, a species previously reported to contain a significant amount of ascorbic acid (Heick et al., Can. J. Biochem., 47 (1972) 752), was essentially devoid of ascorbic acid under all three conditions of incubation although it did contain an HPLC/EC reactive peak (RT = 0.87 relative to ascorbic acid) that was readily oxidized by charcoal in the presence of oxygen. The identity of this new compound remains to be determined.
Simulating herbicide volatilization from bare soil affected by atmospheric conditions and limited solubility in water.

A numerical model that simulates pesticide fate was developed to predict the behavior of triallate after application to a field soil. The model has options that allow water and/or heat transport and can limit simulated aqueous-phase concentrations to triallate solubility in water. Several methods for describing the volatilization boundary condition were tested to assess the accuracy in predicting the volatilization rate, including an approach that requires no atmospheric information and an approach that couples soil and atmospheric processes. Four scenarios were constructed and simulated, to compare with measured volatilization rates. The peak measured volatilization rate (168 g ha-1 h-1) was most accurately predicted with the scenario that included the most complex model (100 g ha-1 h-1). The simplest model overpredicted the peak rate (251 g ha-1 h-1), and the others underpredicted the peak rate (16−67 g ha-1 h-1). The simulations that limited aqueous solubility provided relatively similar values for the...
Suppression of charge movement by calcium antagonists is not related to calcium channel block

The calcium channel-inhibiting drugs nitrendipine and diltiazem represent two important classes of organic calcium antagonists. In the present study, the effect of these drugs on calcium currents and charge displacement currents in bullfrog semitendinosus muscle fibers was examined using a vaseline gap voltage clamp. Nitrendipine (10 μM) reduced the quantity of charge that moved both during the ON phase (QON) and the OFF phase (QOFF) of charge movement. This action appeared to be most selective for QON. However, at this same concentration, nitrendipine had no blocking action on inward calcium currents. In contrast to these findings, diltiazem blocked calcium currents in a concentration-dependent manner, while slightly increasing the quantity of charge moved during QON and QOFF. The enhancement of charge movement by diltiazem resulted from two actions. First, diltiazem shifted the voltage-dependence of charge movement to more negative potentials. Second, diltiazem increased the maximum amount of charge moved. (Supported by NIH NS 03178 and HL 07382.)
Developmental competence of porcine parthenogenetic embryos relative to embryonic chromosomal abnormalities.

Parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos exhibit delayed development, a lower blastocyst rate, and less successful development in vitro compared to in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. To investigate the possible mechanisms for unsuccessful parthenogenetic development, this study analyzed the chromosome abnormalities and developmental potential of porcine PA embryos. Mature oocytes were electrically activated and cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 (PZM3) supplemented with 3 mg/ml BSA for 6, 7, or 8 days. The percentage of PA blastocysts was lower than that of IVF embryos on days 6 and 7 (16.4 ± 7.4 vs. 28.7 ± 3.7; 10.9 ± 2.8 vs. 21.5 ± 4.7, P 40) and into three groups according to the morphological diameter ( 180 µm). Of the haploid blastocysts, 56.1% had less than 20 nuclei, and 71.5% were less than 150 µm in diameter. Of all (114) blastocysts suitable for analysis, 55.5% displayed chromosomal abnormalities. Among chromosomal abnormalities in PA blastocysts, haploid blastocysts were most prevalent (43.6%), while polyploidy (4.4%) and mixoploidy (7.7%) embryos were less prevalent. Chromosomal abnormalities of porcine PA embryos might contribute to a higher rate of abnormal embryonic development. We suggest that a careful consideration should be given when using the blastocysts with smaller size, and establishing the optimum culture condition for PA embryos development in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE

Child maltreatment appears to be the single most preventable cause of mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in the United States. Few published studies examine the developmental and the psychobiological consequences of sexual abuse. There are multiple mechanisms through which sexual abuse can cause post-traumatic stress disorder, activate biological stress response systems, and contribute to adverse brain development. This article will critically review the psychiatric problems associated with maltreatment and the emerging biologic stress system research with a special emphasis on what is known about victimization by sexual abuse.
Joint-position sense and kinesthesia in cerebral palsy.

Abstract Wingert JR, Burton H, Sinclair RJ, Brunstrom JE, Damiano DL. Joint-position sense and kinesthesia in cerebral palsy. Objectives To examine joint-position sense and kinesthesia in all extremities in participants with diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Design Survey of joint-position sense and kinesthesia differences between aged-matched controls and 2 groups with CP. Setting University movement assessment laboratory. Participants Population-based sample of participants with CP, diplegia (n=21), hemiplegia (n=17), and age-matched volunteers (n=21) without neurologic disease. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Joint-position sense and kinesthesia were measured in the transverse plane (forearm pronation/supination and hip internal/external rotation) using a custom-built device. For joint-position sense, participants actively rotated the tested limb to align the distal end with 10 target positions first with the limb and targets visible to assess their ability to perform the task motorically. The task was then repeated with vision of the limb occluded, with targets remaining visible. Joint-position sense error was determined by the magnitude and direction of the rotation errors for each limb in the vision and no vision conditions. Kinesthesia was evaluated by the ability to detect passive limb rotation without vision. Results No group differences were detected in the vision condition. Indicative of joint-position sense deficits, a significant increase in errors was found in the no vision condition in all limbs except the dominant upper limb for both groups with CP. Joint-position sense errors were systematically biased toward the direction of internal rotation. Kinesthesia deficits were evident on the nondominant upper limb in diplegia and hemiplegia, and bilaterally in the lower limbs in hemiplegia. In hemiplegia, joint-position sense and kinesthesia deficits were noted on the dominant limbs, but were significantly worse on the nondominant limbs. Conclusions These results indicate that people with CP have proprioception deficits in all limbs.
An analytical prediction of flange wrinkling in sheet metal forming

Abstract Wrinkling is one of the major defects in sheet metal forming. The ability to accurately predict the occurrence of wrinkling is critical to the design of tooling and processing parameters. An analytical approach for predicting the onset of flange wrinkling is presented. This method is based on the wrinkling criterion proposed by Cao and Boyce for predicting the buckling behavior of sheet metal under normal constraint. Using a combination of energy conservation and plastic bending theory, the analysis provides the critical buckling stress and wavelength as functions of normal pressure. The results are in excellent agreement with those obtained from Cao and Boyce's numerical approach, and also match well with the experimental results of a square cup forming. In addition, the effects of material properties on the wrinkling behavior are also discussed. The analytical method significantly reduces computational time and is suitable for direct engineering application.
Input rate‐dependent stereoselective pharmacokinetics: Enantiomeric oral bioavailability and blood concentration ratios after constant oral input

A pharmacokinetic model and relevant equations were used to simulate the blood concentration ratio (Cratio) and oral bioavailability ratio (Fratio) of the two enantiomers of model racemic drugs after different oral input rates. The simulations were carried out for six metabolically eliminated racemic drugs with regard to differences between the two enantiomers in their metabolic maximum velocity (Vmax) and/or Michaelis-Menten constant (Km). Both Cratio and Fratio values were dependent on the oral input rate of the drugs, with the maximum sensitivity observed for input rates close to the Vmax of the enantiomers. However, at input rates substantially lower or higher than Vmax, the dependence of ratios to input rate was minimal. The profile of dependence of Cratio and Fratio on the input rate differed for the various modeled drugs and, in one case, input rate alteration lead to a reversal in the stereoselectivity of the ratios. Relevance of these findings with regard to alterations in the dose and/or formulation of racemic drugs is discussed.
Lack of interaction of x-ray- and neutron-induced chromosome breaks in barley.

Abstract Although it had been found that in Vicia faba X-ray- and neutron-induced chromosome breaks do not interact to form aberrations, Natarajan and Narayanan recently reported that such interaction does occur in barley. The lack of interaction in Vicia, which had been predicted from the linear neutron kinetics for two-break aberrations, had been used together with the kinetic studies to estimate the distance over which broken ends of chromosomes could rejoin. The observation that interaction did occur in barley suggested that the rejoining distance was larger in barley than in Vicia, and that, as a result, two-hit neutron kinetics would be found. The barley experiments reported here, however, demonstrated one-hit neutron kinetics and possible two-hit X-ray kinetics for two-break aberrations, and no quantitatively determinable interaction between X-ray- and neutron-induced chromosome breaks. The large one-hit component of the X-ray curve suggests that the rejoining distance may be even smaller in barley than in Vicia.
Co-axial core–shell ZnMgO/ZnO NWs

Abstract We report the first co-axial Zn0.9Mg0.1O/ZnO core–shell structures, on p-Si substrates, grown using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). With ZnO buffer serving as a seed layer, vertically aligned ZnMgO NWs with a Mg mole fraction of 10% were grown, serving as the template for the growth of ZnO shell. The core and the shell have c-lattice constants of 5.1868 A and 5.1996 A, respectively, with no measurable strain at the core. The core–shell structure is single crystalline with an abrupt ZnMgO–ZnO interface. Performance of ZnMgO/ZnO core–shell structure as a gas sensor is reported. The room temperature response magnitude (RM) was found to be between 2% and 7% for a methanol concentration in the range of 1–15 ppm. RM as high as 37% is measured at 75 °C for higher methanol concentration. Co-axial ZnMgO/ZnO core–shell structures are demonstrated to be a better alternative than ZnO nanorods as gas sensors.
Endometrial cell calcium and oestrogen action.

ADMINISTRATION of oestrogen to an ovariectomised or immature rat promotes a rapid increase in the content of water and univalent electrolytes in uterus and vagina1,2. Although alterations in the uptake and retention of calcium and other divalent cations by several hormone-responsive tissues have been reported following long term administration of oestrogen in vivo3,4 and during the oestrous cycle5, no information is available on the cellular exchange, if any, of calcium shortly after administration of oestrogen in sensitive targets. In view of evidence suggesting a critical role for calcium in the initiation and/or regulation of cell growth and metabolism6,7, consideration of the (potential involvement of this cation in the uterine response to oestrogen is important to analysis of steroid hormone action at the cellular level. Using endometrial cell suspensions isolated from the uteri of ovariectomised rats8, we have now shown that physiological levels of oestradial-17β influence rates of cellular calcium exchange as early as 2.5 min after in vitro addition of hormone.
Structure in fluctuations of large-scale soil moisture climate due to external random forcing and internal feedbacks

Large-scale fields of soil moisture are forced by atmospheric precipitation and radiative forcing. When these forcing factors are themselves influenced by surface and soil moisture processes, the result is a nonlinear land-atmosphere system with inherent feedback mechanisms that may strongly modulate variability in climate. Given such feedbacks, simple randomness in the forcing factors may be manifested as a complex statistical signature in the surface hydrology. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of non-Gaussian and colored-noise on the probability distribution of soil moisture resulting from the statistical-dynamical land-atmosphere interaction model of Rodriguez-Iturbe et al. (1991). Persistence of hydroclimatologic anomalies as characterized by the correlation time scale of soil moisture is discussed.
Ion beam analysis of beam processing operations

Abstract In this work we report the use of RBS and SIMS in the evaluation of cw-laser and e-beam annealed Si. The unique measurement capabilities available when using these techniques have allowed detailed investigation of both the annealing behavior of high dose As implants and the diffusion of As in Si at temperatures near the melting point.
Borderline personality disorder: The voice of patients

The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to generate knowledge about the experience of living with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Persons identified as meeting DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) or DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for borderline personality disorder were invited to participate in a private interview focusing on what it means to live with the diagnosis. The data were analyzed using the procedures of interpretive phenomenological data analysis (Benner, 1994; Diekelmann, Allen, & Tanner, 1989). Three themes were identified: (a) living with a label, (b) living with self-destructive behavior perceived as manipulation, and (c) living with limited access to care. The findings suggest that mental health care for persons with borderline personality disorder could be improved by confronting prejudice, understanding self-harm, and safeguarding opportunities for dialogue.
Low level O3 and/or SO2 exposure causes a linear decline in soybean yield

Abstract A field fumigation system was modified from one described earlier (Reich et al., 1982) and used to expose unenclosed field-grown soybean plants Glycine max cv Hark to low levels of O 3 and/or SO 2 . A 3 × 3 factorial design was employed, allowing for analysis of individual effects of and potential interactions between the two pollutants. During the experiment ambient O 3 was significant, but low (mean concentration of 0·04 μl litre −1 ), and ambient SO 2 were not detected. Plants were exposed to ambient air with or without additional pollutants for about 5 h per day on 16 days between 20 August and 12 September, 1980. Exposure to greater than ambient levels of O 3 (mean concentration of 0·06 or 0·08 μl litre −1 ) caused significant linear reductions of 2–5% in mass per seed and number of seeds per pod, 17–25% in number of seeds and pods per plant and 10–25% in seed yield (dry mass) per plant and per hectare. Exposure to greater than ambient levels of SO 2 (mean concentration of 0·06 or 0·11 μl litre −1 ) caused significant linear reductions of 4–7% in mass per seed. High SO 2 treatment (mean concentration of 0·11 μl litre −1 ) also resulted in non-significant declines of 7–12% in yield per plant and per hectare. no significant interactions between the pollutants were observed and O 3 had a severalfold greater impact on soybean than SO 2 on either a concentration or a dose basis.
Minimally invasive tricuspid operation using port access

Abstract Background . Port-access techniques performed through a right mini-thoracotomy have been extensively described for both the mitral and aortic valves. However, reports of tricuspid valve operations using the port-access approach are rare. A technique for minimally invasive tricuspid valve operation using port access is described. Methods . Port-access approach was applied to 33 consecutive patients undergoing tricuspid valve repair or replacement. Results . Twelve percent (4 of 33) underwent tricuspid replacement and 88% underwent repair (28 of 33). Perioperative mortality was 6% (2 of 33) and conversion to median sternotomy was 3% (1 of 33). Conclusions . Port-access tricuspid operations are both feasible and safe with a low conversion rate to conventional median sternotomy.
Directions in molecular-ion spectroscopy

Molecular ions, once regarded as little more than curiosities, are now recognized as major (even dominant) chemical agents in extraterrestrial and terrestrial environments in which ionization occurs. Spectroscopic analysis offers the most comprehensive means of understanding their structure and following their behaviour. The field of charged-molecule spectroscopy is quite young but is growing rapidly. Some reasons for the rapid growth, particularly interesting situations involving molecular ions, and possibilities and problems for the future of the field are briefly discussed.
A mapping and memory chip hardware which provides symmetric reading/writing of horizontal and vertical lines

This paper describes a mapping and memory chip hardware for enhancing the performance of an APA display. The approach describes a modification to the primary port of a quasi-two-ported memory. This modification allows several contiguous horizontal or vertical bits to be read or written in one cycle. The number of bits that can be stored is given by the number of memory chips. The hardware modifications can be on or off chip, and if on chip, the chip can still be used as a conventional memory chip. Simple modifications to the hardware will support different screen sizes.
The Hyperfine Structure and Nuclear Moments of the Stable Chlorine Isotopes

The hyperfine structure of the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ ground states of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$ and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$ is investigated by the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. Values of the magnetic dipole interaction constant, $a$, and the electric quadrupole interaction constant $b$ are found to be ${a}_{35}=205.288\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ Mc/sec., ${a}_{37}=170.686\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ Mc/sec., ${b}_{35}=55.347\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ Mc/sec., ${b}_{37}=43.256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ Mc/sec.No octupole interaction is required to account for the experimental results. A simple method is introduced for calculating accurate values of the electric quadrupole moments $Q$ from these data and the corresponding values are ${Q}_{35}=\ensuremath{-}(0.0795\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${Q}_{37}=\ensuremath{-}(0.0621\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.This method can be extended to many other cases for which the interaction constants $a$ and $b$ and the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio are known. Experimental details are given for the production and detection of beams of atomic chlorine.
Computer simulation of charged particle beams

Abstract A computer program has been designed to simulate charged particle beam transport systems. It allows evaluation of the effect of aberrations which exist in beams with small phase space volume. These include higher order chromatic aberrations, effects on non-linearities in magnetic field, and higher order geometric aberrations due to the accumulation of second order effects. The beam at any point in the system may be represented by one- and two-dimensional histograms.
Sodium appetite: some conceptual and methodologic aspects of a model drive system.

The study of many fundamental problems of motivation may be facilitated by the utilization of sodium appetite as a model drive system. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of the behavioral, physiological, and, particularly, neurological mechanisms of sodium appetite and discusses a number of unique methodological and theoretical features which render sodium appetite especially amenable to laboratory investigation. A simple and reliable screening procedure for assessing deficits in sodium appetite after neurological damage is presented, and three techniques for acute elicitation of sodium appetite are compared. Sodium appetite is a drive system which is especially well-suited for experimental analysis, and the interest of physiological psychologists in this system has been steadily increasing. Several reviews of various aspects of sodium appetite have appeared during the past two decades (Denton, 1965, 1966, 1967; Falk, 1961; Nachman and Cole, 1971; Richter, 1956; Stricker and Wolf, 1969; Wolf, 1969), and a comprehensive 300-item bibliography of sodium appetite and related topics is available. 2 The purpose of this paper is to elucidate certain unique features of sodium appetite which render it especially amenable to laboratory investigation and to propose its utilization as a model drive system. The relevent conceptual features are presented in the context of brief reviews of the major findings from behavioral and physiological research and a somewhat more extensive review of the 1Supported by Grants 70-684 and 71o774 from the American Heart Association and Grant MH 21403 from U. S. Public Health Service. The authors are thankful to Gloria Forman and Barbera Spitzer for help in collecting and analyzing data. Drugs were generously supplied by the Hoechst and Squibb Companies. 2Bibliography #75, "Sodium Appetite and Related Topics", may be obtained from: Publications Distribution, Brain Information Service, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA. 90024.
Comment on an algorithm that generates fuzzy prime implicants by Lee and Chang

This correspondence points out the insufficiency of the algorithm to generate the set of all fuzzy prime implicants of a fuzzy formula as presented in Lee and Chang (1971) . Two theorems, which are the basis of a new technique that generates the complete set of fuzzy implicants, and used for the minimization of fuzzy functions, as presented in Kandel (1972) , are discussed.
Softening in silver-nanowire-filled polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites

We report that silver nanowire fillers can result in a three-fold decrease in viscoelastic storage modulus of polydimethylsiloxane composites above a low critical filler fraction of ∼0.5%, contrary to theoretical predictions presaging a modulus increase. Similar fractions of silver nanocube fillers result in no such observable effects. Rheology measurements and calorimetric kinetics analyses reveal that high surface area nanowire filler percolation curtails macromolecular mobility via pre-cure gelation, and hinders crosslinking. Our findings on the effect of metal filler aspect ratio on polymer stiffness at low loading fractions would be important for designing nanocomposites for applications.
Two kinesins transport cargo primarily via the action of one motor: implications for intracellular transport.

The number of microtubule motors attached to vesicles, organelles, and other subcellular commodities is widely believed to influence their motile properties. There is also evidence that cells regulate intracellular transport by tuning the number and/or ratio of motor types on cargos. Yet, the number of motors responsible for cargo motion is not easily characterized, and the extent to which motor copy number affects intracellular transport remains controversial. Here, we examined the load-dependent properties of structurally defined motor assemblies composed of two kinesin-1 molecules. We found that a group of kinesins can produce forces and move with velocities beyond the abilities of single kinesin molecules. However, such capabilities are not typically harnessed by the system. Instead, two-kinesin assemblies adopt a range of microtubule-bound configurations while transporting cargos against an applied load. The binding arrangement of motors on their filament dictates how loads are distributed within the two-motor system, which in turn influences motor-microtubule affinities. Most configurations promote microtubule detachment and prevent both kinesins from contributing to force production. These results imply that cargos will tend to be carried by only a fraction of the total number of kinesins that are available for transport at any given time, and provide an alternative explanation for observations that intracellular transport depends weakly on kinesin number in vivo.
Effect of Locally Delivered Doxycycline Hyclate on Human Fibroblast Attachment to Subgingival Calculus

Background: Clinical studies using locally applied doxycycline hyclate (DHV) have demonstrated significant probing depth reduction and gain in clinical attachment as a monotherapy without scaling and root planing. The mechanism for this attachment level gain to the non-root planed tooth is not understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of locally applied doxycycline hyclate on human gingival fibroblast attachment to subgingival calculus on contaminated root surfaces. Methods: Two separate experiments were performed, both on subgingival calculus. In experiment 1, teeth with subgingival calculus were treated with either doxcycycline hyclate in bioabsorbable vehicle (DHV) or with vehicle control (VC) in vivo. In experiment 2, teeth with subgingival calculus were treated with DHV, VC, scaling and root planing (SRP), or no treatment in vitro. The amount of cell attachment to calculus-covered root surfaces was quantitatively compared using a fluorescent dye assay and epifluorescence mic...
Trocar-site hernia complicated by necrotizing fasciitis—case report and review of the literature

Only a few reports have been published describing necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) following laparoscopic surgery; none identify trocar-site hernia as an etiologic factor. We present a case report and review of the literature. A 43-year-old previously healthy man underwent uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An unrecognized strangulated lateral trocar-site hernia resulted in fatal NSTI. A Medline database search (1966-2002) identifies ten detailed reports of NSTIs following laparoscopic surgery. Multiple risk factors were identified in almost all patients. The mortality rate was 20%. Patient survival from NSTI requires early recognition, aggressive surgical intervention, and intensive medical care. NSTI can occur following minimally invasive surgery, and physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion when patients begin to develop postoperative symptoms. Trocar-site hernia arises as another etiologic factor for NSTI in the domain of minimally invasive surgery.
Mathematical Analysis of Resin Flow through Fibrous Porous Media

Resin flow through fiber preforms was analyzed mathematically. Closed form solutions for fiber volume fraction distribution and pressure field during resin infusion into fiber preforms were suggested, and a new effective permeability was defined. The effect of preform compressibility on the fiber volume fraction and pressure distributions in resin-saturated region was investigated analytically. The findings show that the compaction behavior of preforms has significant impact on the resin infusion process. The solutions derived analytically in this study can provide insight into a liquid composites molding (LCM) process.
Serum concentrations of melatonin during scotophase and photophase in 3, 4, 5 and 6 month old gilts and barrows

Abstract One-hundred-twenty prepubertal crossbred gilts (Hampshire×Duroc)×(Yorkshire×Landrace) were removed from the nursery at 68.7±0.4 days of age and 23.6±0.9 kg body weight and relocated to a conventional grower–finisher unit. In addition, 60 barrows of similar genetics were relocated from the nursery at 71.0±0.5 days of age and 27.4±0.5 kg body weight to the same building. Twelve mature anestrous ewes that weighed 77.0±2.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of four pens of equal dimensions among the pens containing pigs. Ewes were included in this study to serve as positive controls since their secretory profiles of melatonin are well characterized. All pigs were bled by jugular venipuncture at approximately 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age. At each age in the pigs and the mature ewes, a single sample was obtained during photophase and scotophase. Illumination intensity during the period of incandescent lighting averaged 220 lx. Blood collection was initiated approximately 4 h after sunrise and 3.5–4 h after sunset. The proportion of animals that exhibited a nocturnal rise in melatonin (MEL) was similar (P>0.05) between gilts and barrows, but was higher (P
The end of the heroic illusion: how three generations of women writers have changed the literature of Antarctica

The author posits three key phases in the development of women’s non-fiction writing about Antarctica: the pre-feminist, feminist and post-masculinist. Representative literature from each phase is examined. The author concludes that women’s relatively recent physical presence in Antarctica has allowed for the creation of a transformative literature which has significantly challenged the dominant masculine narratives that emerged from Antarctica’s heroic age, and firmly established women as literary and political citizens of this once all-male landscape.
Effects of D″ anisotropy on seismic velocity models of the outermost core

We explore effects of shear wave anisotropy in D″ on seismic waves utilized in constructing models of the outermost core. Reflectivity synthetic seismograms approximating transverse isotropy (TI) in D″ yield absolute and differential time perturbations of S, SKS, and SKKS of up to several seconds, especially if laterally varying anisotropy is considered. Several studies have used anomalies of this magnitude to infer a 0.5–2.5% P velocity reduction in the outermost 50–150 km of the core, suggesting a stably stratified layer just beneath the core-mantle boundary. Our data samples the mantle and core beneath Alaska and northern Pacific, a region with strong lateral variations in D″ anisotropy. TI models that predict the magnitude of shear wave splitting seen in the data can account for much (but not all) of the anomalies that isotropic models attribute to outermost core velocity reductions. Future outermost core seismic studies should address such D″ anisotropy effects.
Information and Service Needs Among Active and Former Family Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

This study interprets results of a needs assessment completed by active and former caregivers of relatives with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Self-administered questionnaires yielded data about information and service needs at the time of diagnosis and at the time of the survey. Implications point to the need for high-quality educational material throughout the caregiving career, improved training for health professionals about AD, and an important role for former caregivers as resources to disseminate knowledge about AD to still-active caregivers and others in their own communities.
Reconstructing Man's Pliocene Pongid Ancestor

ALTHOUGH the time span during which the ape to man transition took place is not known today with any precision, several lines of evidence seem to indicate the place as somewhere in Africa. One of the strongest lines of evidence is the fact that, since the time of Huxley, it has been generally recognized that man is closest anatomically to the great apes of Africa, the gorilla and the chimpanzee. More recently it has been shown that he is also serologically closest to these two apes. If these similarities indicate a close common ancestry, then the problem arises as to how such a generalized ape could have adapted to the bipedal, carnivorous ecological niche which the early hominids appear to have occupied and which distinguishes them sharply from all known apes. This paper will attempt to reconstruct this transition from ape to man by a consideration of certain ecological, behavioral, and anatomical evidence. This evidence seems to imply that an ape with a way of life similar to that of the mountain gorilla would have been the most plausible ancestor. One of the basic assumptions of this paper is that an open grassland or woodland environment was a necessary prerequisite for the development of bipedalism. A second assumption, which has considerable evidence in its favor (Mayr 1959), is that geographic isolation was another necessary prerequisite for the speciation and ecological divergence of this ape population from its neighbors. The gradual decrease in the area covered by tropical forest was also one of the necessary factors, but the development of bipedalism would probably not have occurred on the fringe of the forest since this area would not be separated from the forest. Hence, a tract of forest and a group of forestliving apes must have been cut off from their relatives by some natural phenomenon. Two such natural phenomena during the Pliocene in Africa which may have been implicated are the spread of the Kalahari Desert and the tectonic activity in the Rift Valley region. The question of which ape was so cut off, or really which modern ape is closest to that one which was cut off, can be best answered by a consideration of the ecology of these modern apes. For a statement of the ecological principles which I think bear on this question, I can do no better than to quote extensively from Audy (1957:191):
Inhomogeneity in Distribution and Conformation of Bovine Serum Albumin in Sol–Gel: A Closer Look with a Near-Infrared Multispectral Imaging Technique

Concentration distributions and conformations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapped in sol–gels were successfully determined for the first time by use of the recently developed NIR multispectral imaging instrument. It was found that BSA molecules were inhomogeneously distributed within the sol–gel matrix, independent of its concentration. At relatively high concentration (366 mg/mL) the encapsulation process does not seem to produce any observable changes in the conformation of BSA. However, when the concentration of BSA was decreased to 220 mg/mL, pronounced changes in the spectra of the protein were observed as a function of (sol–gel reaction) time. The observed inhomogenity might be traced to both a non-uniform concentration distribution of BSA and changes in protein native conformation resulting from interactions between the charged protein and the silicate anions. Results obtained seem to suggest that the protein molecules might adapt themselves to accommodate evolving geometry and sites of the silica network.
Optimized heralding schemes for single photons

A major obstacle to a practical, heralded source of single photons is the fundamental trade-off between high purity and high production rate. To overcome this difficulty, we propose applying sequential spectral and temporal filtering on the signal photons before they are detected for heralding. Based on a multimode theory that takes into account the effect of simultaneous multiple photon-pair emission, we find that these filters can be optimized to yield both high purity and a high production rate. While the optimization conditions vary depending on the underlying photon-pair spectral correlations, all correlation profiles can lead to similarly high performance levels when optimized filters are employed. This suggests that a better strategy for improving the performance of heralded single-photon sources is to adopt an appropriate measurement scheme for the signal photons, rather than tailoring the properties of the photon-pair generation medium.