cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinate Regulation of Estrogen-Mediated Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation by the G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR30

Estrogen promotes changes in cytoskeletal architecture not easily attributed to the biological action of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. The Gs protein-coupled transmembrane receptor, GPR30, is linked to specific estrogen binding and rapid estrogen-mediated release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor. Using marker rescue and dominant interfering mutant strategies, we show that estrogen action via GPR30 promotes fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly by human breast cancer cells. Stimulation with 17β-estradiol or the ER antagonist, ICI 182, 780, results in the recruitment of FN-engaged integrin α5β1 conformers to fibrillar adhesions and the synthesis of FN fibrils. Concurrent with this cellular response, GPR30 promotes the formation of Src-dependent, Shc-integrin α5β1 complexes. Function-blocking antibodies directed against integrin α5β1 or soluble Arg-Gly-Asp peptide fragments derived from FN specifically inhibited GPR30-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Estrogen-mediated FN matrix assembly and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation were similarly disrupted in integrin β1-deficient GE11 cells, whereas reintroduction of integrin β1 into GE11 cells restored these responses. Mutant Shc (317Y/F) blocked GPR30-induced FN matrix assembly and tyrosyl phosphorylation of erbB1. Interestingly, relative to recombinant wild-type Shc, 317Y/F Shc was more readily retained in GPR30-induced integrin α5β1 complexes, yet this mutant did not prevent endogenous Shc-integrin α5β1 complex formation. Our results suggest that GPR30 coordinates estrogen-mediated FN matrix assembly and growth factor release in human breast cancer cells via a Shc-dependent signaling mechanism that activates integrin α5β1.
Age-related changes in thermoregulation in male albino rats

Male Sprague Dawley rats were followed longitudinally from 3 to 24 months of age. Resting oxygen consumption (VO2), measured in the thermal neutral zone (29 ± 1.0°C) decreased 47% between 3 and 24 months of age with a stable period from 6 to 9 months. Changes in rectal temperature in general followed changes in VO2. On the average the decline in rectal temperature from 3 to 24 months was 0.8°C. Thermal conductance dropped initially from 3 to 6 months and remained stable during further age periods. Thermal circulation index rose slightly from 3 to 13 months, and dropped thereafter from 13 to 24 months. When animals were exposed to a mild cold challenge (18–19°C for 90 min.), the increase in VO2 was the same from 3 to 13 months of age. At 24 months this increase was significantly higher. The capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) measured after norepinephrine stimulation declined from 3 to 6 months, remained stable from 6 to 9 months and declined to 13 months. The capacity for NST after a mild cold challenge was significantly decreased at 24 months of age. These results suggest that shivering thermogenesis (ST) may be the main source of heat production in the old organism when faced with a mild cold challenge. Since ST is more consuming than NST it may explain the accidental hypothermia which occurs often in the elderly.
The hydrolysis of polyimides.

Thermal polymerization of aspartic acid produces a polysuccinimide (I), a chain of aspartoyl residues. An investigation was made of the alkaline hydrolysis of the imide rings of (I) which converts the polyimide to a polypeptide. The alkaline hydrolysis of polyimides can be expected to be kinetically complex due to increasing negative charge generated by carboxylate groups. For this reason, a diimide, phthaloyl-DL-aspartoyl-beta-alanine (IIA) was synthesized for a progressive study of the hydrolysis of polyimides. In addition, this diimide (IIA) can be related to thalidomide and might be expected to exhibit similar reactivity during hydrolysis of the phthalimide ring.
Arylamidase Activity as an Index of Nitrogen Mineralization in Soils

Abstract The enzyme arylamidase [EC 3.4.11.2] catalyzes the hydrolysis of N‐terminal amino acids from arylamides. Because it has been proposed that this enzyme may play a major role in nitrogen (N) mineralization in soils, studies were carried out using short‐term laboratory incubations under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and chemical hydrolysis of soil organic N to assess the N mineralization in a range of 51 soils from six agroecological zones of the North Central region of the United States. The enzyme activity was assayed at its optimal pH value. With the exception of the values obtained for field‐moist soils incubated under anaerobic conditions, the amounts of N mineralized by all the biological and chemical methods studied were significantly correlated with arylamidase activity, with r values of 0.54*** for the amounts of inorganic N produced under aerobic incubation, of 0.44** for anaerobic incubation of air‐dried soils, of 0.53*** and 0.55*** for the amounts of ammonium (NH4 +)‐N released by st...
Quantum theory of an exciton condensate subject to radiative decay

Semiconductor excitons obey Bose-Einstein statistics in the low-density limit. In this paper, a two-level quantum model for an exciton condensate subject to radiative decay is presented. The condensate state has a well-defined exciton number and a slow phase diffusion rate analogous to a coherent state created by a (photon) laser. Since excitons recombine radiatively, the statistics of the device can be observed by photodetection. Our analytical and numerical results at steady state reveal that the change in population statistics of the ground state is gradual across the threshold region, above which a condensate forms. When radiative losses are present, the condensate mode is ``quasicoherent;'' in the limit of no losses a coherent state is approached. Far below threshold the ground state is well described by a thermal distribution. The higher level, that is the ``pump,'' remains thermally distributed at all times.
Continuous models for communication density constraints on multiprocessor performance

Fundamental limits on the communication capabilities of massively parallel multiprocessors are investigated. It is shown that in the limit of machines of infinite extent in which the number of processors per unit volume is constant and in which the communication bandwidth from each processor to its neighbors depends only on their separation distance, interprocessor communication must fall off faster than the fourth power of distance. For machines of finite size, communication energy density is used as a metric to compare various machine sizes and packaging densities. For instance, for machines with spherical symmetry and uniform communication requirements, the peak density depends on the number of processors to the 4/3 power and the number of processors per unit volume to the 2/3 power. >
Effective ministerial style as perceived by denominational leadership

Defining criteria for ministerial effectiveness has presented researchers with numerous methodological and definitional problems. Global measures of effectiveness lack the situational specificity necessary to be readily applicable to unique churches or congregations. This study compared the definition of effective ministerial style between denominational supervisors and senior ministers of the California-Pacific Conference of the United Methodist Church in an effort to see whether there were modal expectations for this particular group. Utilizing the Job Perception Inventory (John Thomas Group, 1986), 20 job performance variables were assessed. No significant difference was found between the profiles generated by the two groups. Both groups described the ideal ministerial style as that of a generalist, as opposed to a specialist, with a flexible leadership style, making extensive use of participation and direction. Further research is indicated. Finding a modal profile of performance expectations makes it possible to determine whether the effectiveness of individual pastors is a function of their identification with these criteria.
Onset of pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells is expedited by dexamethasone.

The early onset of proTRH gene expression in anterior pituitary (AP) cells in culture and its regulation by dexamethasone (DEX) were investigated. AP cells derived from 15-day-old rats were cultured for up to 4 days in the presence or absence of 10-7M DEX. TRH peptide levels, which could be detected only after 3 days of culture in control cells, were detectable after 1 day in DEX-treated cells. Levels rose from undetectable (<35 fmol/well/0.2 × 106 cells) to 121 ± 11 fmol/well in control cells and from 59 ± 3 to 2978 ± 88 fmol/well in DEX-treated cells (Day 1 to Day 4; means ± SEM, n = 6). ProTRH mRNA levels as analyzed by in situ hybridization showed an excellent correlation with TRH peptide levels: mRNA was already detectable on Day 1 in DEX-treated cells and on Days 2-3 in control cells. DEX stimulated proTRH mRNA levels as determined by Northern blot analysis within 4 h. The half-life of proTRH mRNA was calculated based on a first-order decay model by measuring mRNA levels after addition of 5 μg/ml actinomycin D with or without DEX. The ti of proTRH mRNA in control cells was 13.1 ± 2.8 h and was not influenced by DEX treatment (12.5 ± 2.8 h). Since DEX stimulated proTRH mRNA levels acutely without any increase in mRNA stability, we propose that DEX expedites proTRH gene expression in our AP cell culture system by acting at the transcriptional level.
Fair resource allocation for OFDMA multi-cell networks

Fair resource allocation in OFDMA networks is studied in this paper. We propose a distributed algorithm requiring minimum inter-cell information that embodies the principle of balancing advantaged and disadvantaged user traffic flows. A simple interference deterministic channel model assuming zero queuing delay is used. We propose a hybrid power and bandwidth allocation algorithm. A two-dimensional simulation conducted on both uniform and random-sized-cells shows the benefits are significant when fair allocations are desired.
snBench: programming and virtualization framework for distributed multitasking sensor networks

We envision future Sensor Networks (SNs) that will be composed of a hybrid collection of a variety of sensing devices embedded into shared environments. In such environments it follows that the embedded SN infrastructure would also be shared by various users, occupants, or administrators of these shared spaces. As such a clear need emerges to virtualize the SN, sharing the resources of the SN across various tasks executing simultaneously. To achieve this goal, we present the snBench (SN Workbench). The snBench abstracts a collection of dissimilar and disjoint resources into a shared virtual SN. The snBench provides an accessible high-level programming language that enables users to write "macro-level" program for their own virtual SN (i.e., programs are written at the scope of the SN rather than its individual components and specific details of the components or deployment need not be specified by the developer). To this end snBench provides execution environments and a run-time support infrastructure to provide each user a Virtual Sensor Network characterized by efficient automated program deployment, resource management, and a truly extensible architecture. In this paper we present an overview of the snBench, detailing its salient functionalities that support the entire life-cycle of a SN application.
Circadian activity associated with spatial learning and memory in aging rhesus monkeys.

Abstract In rodents, spatial learning and memory tests require navigation, whereas in nonhuman primates these tests generally do not involve a navigational component, thus assessing nonhomologous neural systems. To allow closer parallels between rodent and primate studies, we developed a navigational spatial learning and memory task for nonhuman primates and assessed the performance of elderly (19–25 years) female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The animals were allowed to navigate in a room containing a series of food ports. After they learned to retrieve food from the ports, a single port was repeatedly baited and the animals were tested until they learned the correct location. The location of the baited port was then changed (shift position). We also determined whether test performance was associated with circadian activity measured with accelerometers. Performance measures included trials to criterion, search strategies, and several indices of circadian activity. Animals learned the task as reflected in their search strategies. Correlations were found between the number of initial or shift trials and circadian activity parameters including day activity, dark:light activity ratio, sleep latency, and wake bouts. Thus, disruptions in circadian rhythms in nonhuman primates are associated with poorer performance on this novel test. These data support the usefulness of this spatial navigational test to assess spatial learning and memory in rhesus monkeys and the importance of circadian activity in performance.
Propofol, a general anesthetic, promotes the formation of fluid phase domains in model membranes.

Abstract The molecular site of anesthetic action remains an area of intense research interest. It is not clear whether general anesthetics act through direct binding to proteins or by perturbing the membrane properties of excitable tissues. Several studies indicate that anesthetics affect the properties of either membrane lipids or proteins. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of anesthetic action. Recent developments in membrane biology have led to the concept of small-scale domain structures in lipid and lipid–protein coupled systems. The role of such domain structures in anesthetic action has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we investigated the effect of anesthetics on lipid domain structures in model membranes using the fluorescent spectral properties of Laurdan (6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylamino naphthalene). Propofol, a general anesthetic, promoted the formation of fluid domains in model membranes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) or mixtures of lipids of varying acyl chains (DPPC:DMPC dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline 1:1). The estimated size of these domains is 20–50 A. Based on these studies, we speculate that the mechanism of anesthetic action may involve effects on protein–lipid coupled systems through alterations in small-scale lipid domain structures.
Detailed characterization of defect production in molecular dynamics simulations of cascades in Si

Abstract Numerous molecular dynamics simulation studies of radiation cascades in Si have elucidated many of the general features of the initial defect production. However, the resulting defect structures have been analyzed with techniques that are not sensitive to changes in the local bonding topology. Here the results of analyzing the ring content in Si cascades, in addition to more traditional defect characterization such as Wigner–Seitz cell analysis, will be presented for recoil energies ranging from 25 eV up to 25 keV. The ring content of local amorphous regions in the cascades will be compared to the ring content in simulations of bulk amorphous Si. The number of atoms in the amorphous regions and the number of point defects as a function of recoil energy are determined.
North Pacific midlatitude cyclone characteristics and their effect upon winter precipitation during selected El Niño/Southern Oscillation events

North Pacific cyclone frequency, intensity and proximity to the receiving stations (track) in the two ENSO winters that contribute most strongly to the variability of precipitation are examined along with the regional scale circulation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) prevailing during those winters. During winter 1982/83, the number of cyclones was not significantly different from average, but they were much more intense and moved closer to the receiving stations than average. In 1976/77 there were far fewer cyclones than average. In both winters, the effect of ENSO on precipitation was moderated by the cyclone characteristics and regional atmospheric circulation and SST patterns that prevailed.
Characterization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Chronic Renal Failure Serum

ABSTRACT: IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), usually found as glycosylated 41- and 38-kD forms, is the major serum IGFBP during extrauterine life. In normal serum IGFBP-3 binds one IGF peptide and one acid-labile (α) subunit in a high-molecular-weight (MW) complex of 150 kD. By RIA, an excess of IGFBP-3 is present in chronic renal failure (CRF) serum, where it reportedly accumulates at low MW (25–55 kD) rather than as part of the 150-kD complex. To further evaluate IGFBP-3 forms in CRF, sera were obtained from seven healthy adolescents and seven adolescents with CRF. By RIA, IGFBP-3 levels were higher in CRF than normal sera (15.4 ± 2.2 versus 10.1 ± 2.1 μ g/mL). High-MW (150-kD) fractions of CRF and normal sera, obtained by neutral size-exclusion chromatography, had equal amounts of IGFBP-3 by RIA. However, a second RIA peak of IGFBP-3, present in low-MW (35-kD) fractions of CRF but not normal sera, could account for the higher IGFBP-3 levels of CRF serum. [l25I]IGF ligand blots of whole serum and serum fractions, either with or without prior precipitation by IGFBP-3 antiserum, found levels of 41- and 38-kD IGFBP-3 forms to be similar between CRF and normal whole sera and located these forms in the high-MW (150-kD) fractions of CRF and normal sera. [125I]IGF ligand blots also identified excess IGFBP in low-MW CRF serum fractions; cross-linking these IGFBP with [125I]IGF-I, followed by precipitation with IGFBP-1, -2, and -3 antibodies, identified high levels of unsaturated IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and 19- and 14-kD forms of IGFBP-3 in CRF serum. These studies indicate that 1) normal levels of functional 41- and 38-kD IGFBP-3 forms are present in CRF serum, and these forms can be incorporated into the 150-kD serum complex; and 2) high RIA levels of IGFBP-3 in low-MW fractions of CRF serum are at least in part due to 19- and 14-kD IGFBP-3 forms. These studies suggest that the excess unsaturated IGFBP of CRF serum are small enough to enter interstitial tissue spaces where they may modulate IGF-I-mediated mitogenic, metabolic, and differentiative effects.
Laminin‐α1‐chain sequence Leu‐Gln‐Val‐Gln‐Leu‐Ser‐Ile‐Arg (LQVQLSIR) enhances murine melanoma cell metastases

We earlier screened overlapping synthetic peptides from the globular domain of the laminin alpha1 chain to identify active sites for cell attachment. We report here that one of the active cell-adhesion peptides, AG-73 (Arg-Lys-Arg-Leu-Gln-Val-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ile-Arg-Thr; RKRLQVQLSIRT) causes B16F10 murine melanoma cells to metastasize to the liver, a site not normally colonized by these cells. Increases in liver metastases and in lung colonization are observed in immune-deficient beige/nude/xid and in C57Bl/6 mice with this peptide. This metastatic activity was observed with i.v. and with i.p. peptide injections, regardless of tumor cell or of peptide-injection times. In vitro, the AG-73 peptide enhances tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and gelatinase production, and blocks laminin-1-mediated cell migration. AG-73 was found to significantly inhibit cell adhesion to a proteolytic laminin-1 fragment, E3, containing the AG-73 sequence. Cell attachment to AG-73, the E3 fragment, and laminin-1 involved cation-dependent receptors. We report that a laminin peptide has the novel and unexpected activity of causing B16F10 melanoma cells, a lung selected cell line, to metastasize to the liver. The minimal active sequence of AG-73, LQVQLSIR, could be one of the most important biologically active sites of laminin-1, especially in promotion of the malignant phenotype. Activation of the malignant phenotype by this peptide provides a significant new model for understanding metastatic mechanisms.
Polytherm model for methylisobutylketone adsorption onto coconut-based granular activated carbon

Abstract The objective of this research was to describe equilibrium between volatile organic compounds and granular activated carbon (GAC) during adsorption and desorption processes occurring in carbon beds used for air pollution control. A thermogravimetric analyzer measured the adsorption of methylisobutylketone (MIBK) onto a coconut based GAC at concentrations ranging from 55 to 10 300 ppmv and temperatures ranging from 25 to 105°C. The equilibrium adsorption data was first modeled by the two-parameter isotherms of Langmuir, Brunauer–Emmett and Teller, and Freundlich as well as the three-parameter isotherm of Dubinin–Astakhov. Also, a new three-parameter isotherm, created by adding a concentration-dependent term to the Freundlich equation, was introduced as the modified Freundlich isotherm. In both three-parameter isotherms, proper choice of the extra parameter allowed for a more accurate fit of the isotherm than did any of the two-parameter isotherms. Moreover, the authors have constructed a modified Freundlich polytherm and a Dubinin–Astakhov polytherm that properly described adsorption and desorption over the full range of test temperatures and concentrations.
Isolation and identification of 2-hydroxyplectaniaxanthin from Rhodotorula aurantiaca

Abstract A new trihydroxyl carotenoid has been isolated from the yeast Rhodotorula aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder C.B.S. 317 and identified as 2-hydroxyplectaniaxanthin (3′,4′-didehydro,1′,2′-dihydro-β, ψ-caroten-2,1′,2′-triol). Its m.p., partition coefficient, Rf, extinction coefficient, ms and NMR spectra are reported. Since the hydroxyl group at C-2 of the β-ionone ring is unusual, a possible mechanism for the biosynthesis of this carotenoid has been proposed.
Studying the Atmosphere Using Global Navigation Satellites

Observations acquired from space contribute significantly to scientific understanding of the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere alters electromagnetic radiation, propagating through it in such a way that atmospheric properties can be gleaned from the interaction. Observations are broadly characterized into “active” and “passive” types, according to the source of the radiant energy.
Quasiparticle dispersions and lifetimes in the normal state of the BCS-BEC crossover

We compute the spectral density in the normal phase of an interacting homogenous Fermi gas using a $T$-matrix approximation. We fit the quasiparticle peaks of the spectral density to BCS-like dispersion relations and extract estimates of a ``pseudogap'' energy scale and an effective Fermi wave vector as a function of interaction strength. We find that the effective Fermi wave vector of the quasiparticles vanishes when the inverse scattering length exceeds some positive threshold. We also find that, near unitarity, the quasiparticle lifetimes, estimated from the widths of the peaks in the spectral density, approach values on the order of the inverse Fermi energy. These results are consistent with the ``breakdown of Fermi-liquid theory'' observed in recent experiments.
Evaluation of pulsed Doppler echocardiography for measurement of aortic blood flow in the fetal lamb

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a quantitative, range-gated, two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography method for measurement of blood flow in the fetal lamb descending aorta. Comparison was made between this method and measurements determined by an electromagnetic flowmeter placed directly on the aorta in the chest of the fetus. Stroke volume was manipulated acutely either by the removal of blood, the addition of fluid by injection, or by pharmacologic means. During each procedure, descending aortic blood flow was estimated by the Doppler ultrasonography method and compared to the flowmeter recording. The size of the lumen of the aorta determined by echocardiography was correlated with direct measurement during surgery and at autopsy. A total of 359 flow measurements were obtained in 15 fetuses. Doppler ultrasonographic flow studies and electromagnetic flowmeter measurements were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.93). The study demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of the two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography method for measurement of blood flow in the descending aorta in the fetal lamb.
Climate Change Modeling: Computational Opportunities and Challenges

High-fidelity climate models are the workhorses of modern climate change sciences. In this article, the authors focus on several computational issues associated with climate change modeling, covering simulation methodologies, temporal and spatial modeling restrictions, the role of high-end computing, as well as the importance of data-driven regional climate impact modeling.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging: considerations for the operating room of the future.

Recent technological advances have made possible the introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system into the operating room to guide neurosurgical interventions. We review the possibilities and limitations associated with various open-configuration magnet designs, including systems from the Phillips, Siemens, General Electric, Odin and IMRIS designs. This technology has been shown to be a feasible adjunct to current neurosurgical management of intracranial brain tumors for both biopsy and resection procedures and shows significant potential applications for epilepsy surgery, spine surgery and for minimally invasive interventional techniques. Combined with other surgical planning modalities, intra-operative MRI scanners provide an evolutionary influence on the design of today's operating room.
The Interdisciplinary Design Engineering Department: A Systems View, a Design Focus and Customizable Interdisciplinary Tracks

Graduates of traditional engineering programs are called on to fill a myriad of interdisciplinary design careers that are increasingly different than historical engineering jobs. These careers focus on complex problems and the importance of solving them quickly in order to be successful corporately and nationally, and demand the use of teams of interdisciplinary, people-and-process-intuitive professionals with special technical skills in engineering systems and engineering design. The students who will be needed to fill these jobs are different as well. They have grown up with computers, have seen that emerging technologies occur at the interface or outside the boundaries of traditional disciplines and are diverse in many ways beyond gender and ethnicity. National trends show smaller percentages of high school graduates are now choosing careers in engineering. In this paper we report on a fresh and innovative type of engineering department that will offer programs carefully designed to augment traditional departments and programs while providing the underpinning engineering design and systems skills to attract and create the engineers needed today. This new engineering department, called Interdisciplinary Design Engineering , will produce graduates who are experts in the process of designing engineering systems.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Linear and Non-Linear Methods in Optical Tomography

Reflectance (liposomes, intralipid, microparticles) and fluorescence (polymer- and cosmetic oil-tagged fluorescein and rhodamine) agents enhance contrast in real-time confocal images of skin in vivo. Quantitative analysis (signal versus contrast agent properties) and images are presented.
Observations of the dense gas in the IRAS 16293-2422 outflow system

Les observations radio effectuees au telescope NRAO 12 m et les observations interferometriques effectuees avec le reseau millimetrique Hat Creek de la source IRAS 16293-2422 dans la raie J = 2-1 de CS sont presentees. Les observations radio sont utilisees pour etudier les proprietes du gaz dense et tracer la structure a grande echelle de l'ecoulement moleculaire. Les donnees interferometriques fournissent une resolution suffisante pour imager les lobes de l'ecoulement et rechercher les structures de type enveloppe.
Formation of metastable L12 phases in Al3Zr and Al-12.5%X-25%Zr (X ≡ Li, CR, Fe, Ni, Cu)

The intermetallic Al3Zr crystallizes in the tetragonal DO23 structure but can be produced as a metastable cubic L12 structure by rapid solidification. We have studied the effects of mechanical alloying, a low-temperature isothermal processing method, and ternary additions of lithium, chromium, iron, nickel and copper on the phase stability of the L12 phase. Mechanically alloyed Al3Zr is single-phase L12 which is stable up to 550 °C. The additions of lithium or chromium increase the stability of the L12 phase to 750 and 740 °C, respectively. The addition of iron or nickel leads to the formation of amorphous, rather than L12, phases. Mechanically alloyed Al-12.5%Cu-25%Zr is single-phase L12 and this phase is stable up to at least 1300 °C.
On monotonicity in economies with indivisible goods

We consider the problem of fair allocation in economies with indivisible objects that may or may not be desirable (for instance, activities that may or may not be pleasurable but have to be carried out unless there are not enough agents for that). We search for efficient solutions satisfying two additional properties. First, each agent should find his bundle at least as desirable as the bundle that would be assigned to him in the hypothetical economy in which all agents have preferences identical to his, under equal treatment of equals and efficiency. In a preliminary step, we show that there is no logical relation between this requirement and no-envy, and between it and egalitarian-equivalence. We also establish the existence of efficient allocations satisfying it. The second property, object monotonicity, says that the availability of additional objects either has a negative impact on everyone's welfare, or it has a positive impact on everyone's welfare. We show that there is no object-monotonic selection from the correspondence that associates with each economy its set of efficient allocations meeting an even weaker version of the bound.
Regulation of borealin by phosphorylation at serine 219

The chromosomal passenger complex consisting of Borealin, INCENP, Survivin, and Aurora B follows a dynamic pattern of localization to perform its role as a regulator of chromosome alignment, aspects of the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Post-translational modifications of chromosomal passenger proteins play an important role in regulating the localization and function of the complex. Borealin displays a slower electrophoretic mobility during mitosis as a result of phosphorylation. Here we show that phosphorylation at S219 is responsible for this mobility shift. An S219A mutant of Borealin that cannot be phosphorylated at this site displays a defect in centromere localization that is evident in cells arrested in mitosis with nocodazole. Further, the S219A form of Borealin is unable to efficiently rescue mitotic defects that occur upon knock-down of the endogenous protein. These defects are correlated with a reduction in the intensity of Mad2 staining at kinetochores in cells expressing the S219A form of Borealin. These results highlight an important role for phosphorylation of Borealin at S219 in the proper progression through mitosis.
ON THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CHANGEOVER DELAY

The function of changeover delays in producing matching was examined with pigeons responding on concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules. In Experiment 1, no changeover delay was compared to two different types of changeover delay. One type, designated generically as response-response but in the present example as peck-peck, was timed from the first response on the switched-to key; the other, designated generically as pause-response but in the present example as pause-peck, was timed from the last response on the switched-from key. High changeover rates occurred with no changeover delay. Peck-peck and pause-peck changeover delays produced low and intermediate changeover rates, respectively. In Experiment 2, pause-peck and peck-peck changeover delays were compared across a range of relative reinforcement rates. Similar matching relations developed despite differences in the changeover rates and local response patterns as a function of the type of changeover delay. In Experiment 3, both types of changeover delay yielded similar changeover rates when their obtained durations were equal via yoking. The results suggest that changeover delays function to separate responses on one key from reinforcers on the other or to delay reinforcement for changing over. In addition, the distribution of responding during and after the changeover delay may vary considerably without affecting matching.
Genetic differences in reproductive fitness and offspring viability in mice exposed to alcohol during gestation

The effect of prenatal exposure to alcohol was studied in two lines of mice selectively bred for different sensitivities to alcohol: the long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) lines. LS females took longer than SS females to be come pregnant. Fewer LS offspring survived, even when not treated with alcohol. Although LS females tended to consume smaller doses of alcohol, offspring of LS dams consuming alcohol during the second half of gestation survived considerably less than 50% of the time. No such effect was seen in the SS line. These results are in agreement with others, indicating a line difference in several aspects of alcohol sensitivity.
Successful recanalization of bile duct occlusion with a radiofrequency puncture wire technique.

A radiofrequency (RF) wire puncture technique was used in the recanalization of biliary anastomotic occlusions in five patients. The technical success of recanalization, which was defined as successful puncture and crossing of the obstruction followed by balloon cholangioplasty and internal-external biliary drainage without evidence of complications, was 100%. The average follow-up was 13 months (range, 11–16 months). For biliary occlusion recanalization, the RF wire may allow the use of percutaneous therapy in the treatment of a subset of individuals who would otherwise have to undergo open surgical intervention.
Modesty versus Self-Enhancement as Alternative Forms of Ingratiation.

Abstract Within the general framework of a competitive job-seeking task, subjects described themselves to a potential supervisor on a series of traits. For subjects in two (dependence) conditions, these ratings were to serve the supervisor as the most important basis for determining who would be his high-paid assistant and who would be a low-paid clerical helper. Subjects in the third (no dependence) condition believed that job assignments were determined by coin flip and the ratings were simply a means of getting acquainted with the supervisor. In one dependence condition (supervisor-aware), the subjects believed that the supervisor was cognizant of his role in the assignment of subordinates. In the other dependence condition (supervisor-unaware), the subjects were told that the supervisor actually determined job assignments by a simple statement of preference but thought job assignments were determined by coin flip. As predicted, subjects in the supervisor-aware condition were more inclined than supervisor-unaware subjects to be modest in their claims of personal attributes that reflect the judgments of others (e.g., “popular”). Subjects in both dependence conditions were less modest in claiming traits reflecting task competence than were control subjects. Further evidence indicates that dependent subjects with an aware supervisor went to greater lengths to establish the credibility of their ratings than other subjects did. Conclusion: While self-enhancement is the normal reaction to a condition of social dependence, the tendency to claim positive attributes is complicated and inhibited by the knowledge that the target person is aware of his relative power.
Effect of internal temperature fluctuations on noise production and transmission of pressure fluctuations to the far field

The transmission of pressure fluctuations was studied experimentally, along with the transmission of temperature fluctuations from a plenum through the exit of a nozzle into the ambient atmosphere. The experiments were conducted for discrete frequency inputs of both temperature and pressure fluctuations from 100 to 5000 Hz and for an exit Mach number of 0.56. The experiments revealed a direct proportionality between the generated pressure fluctuations and those sensed in the far field. The data obtained are used as a basis to develop a model for the transmission internal temperature and pressure fluctuations through a jet.
Hypoxia and Hypoxia Mimetics Decrease Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) Expression through Both Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Proteasome-Mediated Pathways

The alveolar epithelium plays a central role in gas exchange and fluid transport, and is therefore critical for normal lung function. Since the bulk of water flux across this epithelium depends on the membrane water channel Aquaporin 5 (AQP5), we asked whether hypoxia had any effect on AQP5 expression. We show that hypoxia causes a significant (70%) decrease in AQP5 expression in the lungs of mice exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt, also caused similar decreases in AQP5 mRNA and protein expression in the mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE-12. The action of hypoxia and cobalt on AQP5 transcription was demonstrated by directly quantifying heternonuclear RNA by real-time PCR. Dominant negative mutants of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α siRNA blocked the action of cobalt, showing that HIF-1α is a key component in this mechanism. The proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin or proteasome inhibitor-III completely abolished the effect of hypoxia and cobalt both at the protein and mRNA level indicating that the proteasome pathway is probably involved not only for the stability of HIF-1α protein, but for the stability of unidentified transcription factors that regulate AQP5 transcription. These studies reveal a potentially important physiological mechanism linking hypoxic stress and membrane water channels.
Toward a better estimate of the prevalence of partner abuse: Adjusting rates based on the sensitivity of the Conflict Tactics Scale.

Studies of spousal aggression, such as the national studies typically cited for prevalence rates (M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles, 1986; M. A. Straus, R. J. Gelles, & S. K. Steinmetz, 1980), frequently use reports from only one spouse to calculate yearly prevalence. To date, no correction factor exists to help one estimate what the rates would have been had reports from both spouses been available. In this study, the authors calculate the epidemiological sensitivity of the Conflict Tactics Scale (M. A. Straus, 1979) in clinical and newly married samples and use the sensitivity figures to provide a correction equation. Correction factors are also provided for three previously published studies of interspousal agreement. The equations provided can be used to make rough estimates of the rate of male-to-female aggression when data from only one spouse are available.
A quantitative model suggests immune memory involves the colocalization of B and Th cells

A prominent and essential feature of the humoral immune response of vertebrates is immunologic memory: the ability to recall previous exposure to antigen. We present a mathematical model of the growth and interactions of the major cell populations involved in the humoral immune response. Our analysis of this model predicts that the formation of a dynamic association between small numbers of antigen-specific B and Th cells, "colocalization", is sufficient to account for memory and the kinetics of the secondary response--neither specifically differentiated Th or B memory cells nor networks of antigen and anti-idiotypes are required. The colocalization hypothesis explains a number of existing experimental observations and can be tested by straightforward experiments which we describe.
Rapid Method for Determination of Milk Casein Content by Infrared Analysis

Preliminary work was to develop a method for determination of milk casein content using commercially available infrared milk testing equipment. Fresh whole milk samples were split into two portions. One portion was tested for total protein with an infrared milk analyzer. The other portion was adjusted to pH 4.6 with a specific volume and concentration of phosphoric acid. Milk casein precipitated at pH 4.6 and was removed by filtration. Next, the noncasein protein filtrate was tested for protein content using an infrared milk analyzer. The difference between the percent protein of the original milk sample and the percent protein of the noncasein protein filtrate equals the percent milk casein. The infrared casein determination for 36 different individual herd milk samples was not significantly different from results obtained by the official International Dairy Federation casein testing method. The infrared method is faster than the chemical method and could be done with infrared milk testing equipment that is commonly available in many cheese manufacturing plants. Repeatability of the infrared method was comparable to the repeatability of the chemical method.
Photoelectrochemistry of pHgCr2Se4 and pCdCr2Se4

Abstract The title semiconductors were examined particularly in Fe(III)TEA-complex and [Cr(III)EDTA]1− redox solutions. For pHgCr2Se4, a maximum carrier collection efficiency of ∼ 70% was obtained at short circuit and the maximum monochromatic power efficiency was 2.5% (∼ 1% polychromatic). The pCdCr2Se4 was inferior in perfomance to pHgCr2Se4 in both redox solutions. Band gaps and flat band potentials were determined and location of the band edges is discussed.
Assessment of Intermediate Severity Coronary Lesions in the Catheterization Laboratory

The management of intermediate coronary lesions, defined by a diameter stenosis of 40% to 70%, continues to be a therapeutic dilemma for cardiologists. The 2-dimensional representation of the arterial lesion provided by angiography is limited in distinguishing intermediate lesions that require stenting from those that simply need appropriate medical therapy. In the era of drug-eluting stents, some might propose that stenting all intermediate coronary lesions is an appropriate solution. However, the possibility of procedural complications such as coronary dissection, no reflow phenomenon, in-stent restenosis, and stent thrombosis requires accurate stratification of patients with intermediate coronary lesions to appropriate therapy. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve index (FFR) provide anatomic and functional information that can be used in the catheterization laboratory to designate patients to the most appropriate therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the critical information obtained from IVUS and FFR in guiding treatment of patients with intermediate coronary lesions. In addition, the importance of IVUS and FFR in the management of patients with serial stenosis, bifurcation lesions, left main disease, saphenous vein graft disease, and acute coronary syndrome will be discussed.
Phenylalanine detection using matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation of molecularly imprinted amphiphilic block copolymer films

Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation was used to deposit molecularly imprinted polymer films of an amphiphilic block copolymer imprinted with an amino acid. This method avoids the need for a common solvent for host and template, and permits fabrication of layers with controlled thicknesses in the nanometer range. Polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide copolymer and phenylalanine template were co-deposited onto surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors from a water/toluene emulsion. FTIR confirmed removal and reintroduction of phenylalanine, and SPR measurements were used for quantitative analysis. A binding ratio of more than 10 was obtained for phenylalanine on imprinted sensors vs. the non-imprinted control surfaces of the same polymer, and a detection limit of 0.5 mM phenylalanine was established. Exposure of sensors to alanine, glutamine, tryptophan, and tyrosine demonstrated that the sensors were highly specific.
A rapid phantom technique for checking blocked vertex fields

A simple phantom technique for quality assurance in beam arrangements involving a vertex field is described. Clinical personnel can quickly check that blocks for the vertex field have been cut to the proper magnification and that the vertex field is in proper registration with accompanying isocentric transverse fields. Errors can be identified rapidly and corrections made with no inconvenience to the patient.
Imagery, Style, and Content in Thirty-Seven Shakespeare Plays

Using the Regressive Imagery Dictionary (RID), Derks [1] assessed the thirty-seven plays of Shakespeare on three content analytical variables: primordial content, conceptual content, and incongruou...
T-Communities: Pedestrian Street Networks and Residential Segregation in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

In this article, I build on Grannis' (1998) analysis and examine the entire metropolitan regions of the three most populous U.S. Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs). I find that t‐commun...
Development of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Canine Coronary Collateral Arteries

Background—Little information exists regarding development of vasomotor control mechanisms during coronary collateral artery maturation. Therefore, we studied endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine collateral arteries isolated 2, 4, and 9 months after placement of an ameroid occluder around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. Results—Collateral arteries isolated after 2 months exhibited markedly reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh; 10−10 to 10−4 mol/L) and bradykinin (BK; 10−11 to 10−6 mol/L) compared with relaxation of noncollateral coronary arteries (P<0.01). In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxation of collateral arteries to nitroprusside was only slightly reduced compared with relaxation of noncollateral arteries (P<0.05). Endothelium-dependent relaxation of collateral arteries isolated after 4 and 9 months was increased significantly, to the extent that relaxation to ACh and BK was not significantly different between collateral and noncollate...
KNOTTING OF REGULAR POLYGONS IN 3-SPACE

The probability that a linear embedding of a regular polygon in R3 is knotted should increase as a function of the number of sides. This assertion is investigated by means of an exploration of the compact variety of based oriented linear maps of regular polygons into R3. Asymptotically, an estimation of the probability of knotting is made by means of the HOMFLY polynomial.
ATOMIZATION ENERGIES OF SO AND SO2 : BASIS SET EXTRAPOLATION REVISITED

The addition of tight functions to sulphur and extrapolation to the complete basis set limit are required to obtain accurate atomization energies. Six different extrapolation procedures are tried. The best atomization energies come from the series of basis sets that yield the most consistent results for all extrapolation techniques. In the variable alpha approach, alpha values larger than 4.5 or smaller than 3, appear to suggest that the extrapolation may not be reliable. It does not appear possible to determine a reliable basis set series using only the triple and quadruple zeta based sets. The scalar relativistic effects reduce the atomization of SO and SO2 by 0.34 and 0.81 kcal/mol, respectively, and clearly must be accounted for if a highly accurate atomization energy is to be computed. The magnitude of the core-valence (CV) contribution to the atomization is affected by missing diffuse valence functions. The CV contribution is much more stable if basis set superposition errors are accounted for. A similar study of SF, SF(+), and SF6 shows that the best family of basis sets varies with the nature of the S bonding.