cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of transcriptional activity in the chromosome of Escherichia coli

Background Although genes on the chromosome are organized in a fixed order, the spatial correlations in transcription have not been systematically evaluated. We used a combination of genomic and signal processing techniques to investigate the properties of transcription in the genome of Escherichia coli K12 as a function of the position of genes on the chromosome.
Surgical outcomes and seizure control rates after resection of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors.

Object. In this study the authors review the outcomes in pediatric patients who presented with seizures and underwent resection of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs). The authors focus on the diagnostic evaluation and surgical techniques that facilitate gross‐total tumor resection and subsequent freedom from seizures. Methods. Eighteen patients between the ages of 1 month and 13 years who presented with seizures underwent resection of DNETs between January 1992 and December 2004. Preoperative evaluation included magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in all patients, functional MR imaging in eight patients, video monitoring with ictal scalp EEG in 12 patients, interictal single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scanning in one patient, and ictal SPECT scanning in two patients. Thirteen patients underwent onestage procedures, whereas five underwent two-stage procedures (implantation of monitoring electrodes followed by tumor resection), either for functional language mapping (three patients) or due to inconclusive preoperative data (two patients). Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) was performed in 17 patients and led to resection of the cerebral cortex beyond the tumor margins in 10 of them. According to operative reports, gross‐total tumor resections were achieved in all patients, but one child had minimal residual tumor on postoperative MR images that has remained stable. The only surgical complication was a transient third cranial nerve palsy. Over a median follow-up duration of 1.6 years, all patients are seizure free and without radiographically detected tumor recurrence. Conclusions. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are a highly treatable cause of epilepsy in children. Excellent rates of complete tumor resection and seizure control with minimal morbidity can be attained using intraoperative ECoG and two-stage surgical procedures when appropriate.
Crosstalk rejection in parallel optical coherence tomography using spatially incoherent illumination with partially coherent sources

The continuing improvement of high-speed area-scan cameras has made possible the construction of parallel optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems that are competitive with the fastest demonstrated swept-source OCT systems. Unfortunately, when imaging through turbid media using a partially coherent source, parallel OCT suffers resolution loss from coherent multiple scattering, a phenomenon known as crosstalk. We demonstrate the use of a full-field OCT system employing multimode fiber in the illumination arm to reduce the spatial coherence of a partially coherent source. By reducing the spatial coherence area below the system’s lateral resolution, we create a spatial coherence gate that rejects these multiply scattered photons. We quantify the image quality and resolution improvement of this method by comparing images of a USAF test chart acquired beneath turbid phantoms using both coherent and incoherent illumination and computing the resulting modulation transfer functions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method for imaging biological specimens by imaging a Drosophila melanogaster sample.
Attorneys’ Fees and Expenses in Class Action Settlements: 1993-2008

We report on a comprehensive data base of eighteen years of published opinions (1993-2008, inclusive) on settlements in class action and shareholder derivative cases in both state and federal courts. An earlier study, covering 1993-2002, revealed a remarkable relationship between attorneys’ fees and the size of class recovery: regardless of the methodology for calculating fees ostensibly employed by the courts, the overwhelmingly important determinant of the fee was simply the size of the recovery obtained by the class. The present study, which nearly doubles the number of cases in the data base, powerfully confirms that relationship. Fees display the same relationship to class recoveries in both data sets and neither fees nor recoveries materially increased over time. Although the size of the class recovery dwarfs other influences, significant associations exist between the fee amount and both the fee method used and the riskiness of the case. We found no robust evidence of significant differences between federal and state courts. The strong association between fee and class recovery persists in cases with recoveries of $100 million or more, as do the significant associations between fee level and fee method and risk. Fees were not significantly affected by the existence of a settlement class, the presence of objectors, or opt outs from the class. Courts granted the requested fee in over 70% of the cases, with the Second Circuit granting the requested amount least often. In cases in which the requested fee was not awarded, the mean fee was 68% of the requested amount. Fees and costs exhibit scale effects with the percent of each decreasing as the class recovery amount increased. Costs are strongly associated with hours expended on the case.
Role of Angiotensin and its Inhibition in Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was extensively investigated and characterized throughout the first half of the 20th century. However, its contribution to the maintenance of high blood pressure (BP) in essential hypertension and to the development of hypertensive cardiac complications remained under debate until the advent of the first pharmacologic probes capable of blocking its actions, namely the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) saralasin and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) teprotide in the early 1970???s. Using these probes, we could demonstrate that even in normal-renin and low-rein hypertension, blockade of the RAS produced a fall in BP. And this fall was maximized if the patient had been previously submitted to sodium depletion by diuretics or low salt diet, which might produce only a small BP fall by itself, but rendered the hypertension RAS-dependent and far more responsible to RAS blockade.
On the gap between the semilocal convergence domains of two Newton methods

We answer a question posed by Cianciaruso and De Pascale: What is the exact size of the gap between the semilocal convergence domains of the Newton and the modified Newton method? In particular, is it possible to close it? Our answer is yes in some cases. Using some ideas of ours and more precise error estimates we provide a semilocal convergence analysis for both methods with the following advantages over earlier approaches: weaker hypotheses; finer error bounds on the distances involved, and at least as precise information on the location of the solution; and a smaller gap between the two methods.
Microstructure and reactions of SiCw-reinforced alumina with Ag-Cu-In-Ti

Brazing experiments were performed at 750 C for 2 h between Ag-Cu-In-Ti alloy and SiC{sub w}/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The first clearly nonbraze layer consists of an oxide layer of metallic composition 33Ti-31Al-22Cu-14S. Areas adjacent to the SiC whiskers were of different composition. A thin, continuous layer on the alumina portion of the composite appears to be {gamma}-TiO. The SiC whiskers are preferentially consumed and undergo reductions in diameter of approximately 40%. Observed knobby whisker morphologies may be related to SiC stacking faults. {eta}-type phases detected near the Ag-Cu eutectic portion of the joint appear to consist of Ti-Cu-Al-Si-O and Ti{sub 3}Cu{sub 3}O.
Exercise-induced fall in insulin and hepatic carbohydrate metabolism during muscular work

To examine the role of the exercise-induced fall in insulin, dogs were studied during 150 min of treadmill exercise alone (C) or with insulin clamped at basal levels by an intraportal infusion so a...
Another Characterization of the Invariant Subspace Problem

Recently, L. de Branges [6], building upon the work of V. I. Lomonosov [12], presented a characterization of the dual invariant subspace problem in terms of a denseness property of a certain subspace of vector valued functions. In this paper, we present two companion characterizations—one for the invariant subspace problem and one for its dual—also in terms of denseness properties of some appropriately chosen spaces of vector valued functions and linear topologies on them.
Flexorplasty of the elbow; an evaluation of a method.

In reviewing the results in twenty-seven flexorplasties, the authors were impressed with the value of the operation. When at all possible, it is greatly to be preferred to other methods of restoring active flexion to the elbow. A fixed flexion deformity of about 40 degrees should be expected. It is a functional position. There should be no hesitation from the viewpoint of appearance, for this angle does not constitute a cosmetic defect. A tendency toward a pronated position of the forearm should be expected. If the supinators are strong, there will be balance. Insertion of the transplanted flexor mass into a more anterior position on the humerus was found to be an aid in diminishing this tendency. The use of the flexor carpi ulnaris as a supinator is also a method of preventing forearm pronation. Great care must be given to evaluating the power of the flexor-pronator group of muscles prior to operation. The power located in the superficial flexor mass of the forearm is the most important. The power of these muscles is increased by arthrodesis of the wrist. Knowledge of the technique of this operation should be exact. Adequate distal mobilization along the superficial flexor-muscle mass is most important. The adjacent nerves must be protected. The mass should be transplanted proximally and anteriorly on the humeral shaft. Secure fixation to the new site is mandatory. Utilization of cortical defects, such as drill holes, is helpful in achieving this fixation.
The Valorization of Humanity and Diversity

The valorization of humanity and diversity are ongoing global processes that pose new challenges to nationalism and the monocultural narrative once favored in schools and universities. This paper focuses on an exploratory analysis of textbooks, indicating a growth of cosmopolitan and multicultural emphases. Students are increasingly exposed to world issues and international initiatives calling for greater global citizenship consciousness. Students are also further exposed to a depiction of their own societies as ones filled with validated diversity along many dimensions.
Building a Robust Hybrid III-V-on-Silicon Transceiver

We review our recent progress in hybrid silicon microring lasers and photodetectors for a hybrid transceiver. High-temperature continuous-wave lasing and high-speed operation in both lasers and photodetectors are demonstrated.
Electron and phonon transport in Au nanoparticle decorated graphene nanoplatelet nanostructured paper.

Monodispersed Au nanoparticles are synthesized on the surface of exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with microwave assisted heating. A highly structured layered Au/GNP “paper” with good flexibility and mechanical robustness is prepared by vacuum assisted self-assembly. The thermal and electrical conductivity of the hybrid paper with and without the Au nanoparticles are investigated after different experimental processing conditions including thermal annealing and cold compaction. Annealing effectively decomposes and removes the adsorbed PEI molecules and improves thermal contact between Au/GNP particles, whereas cold compaction reduces porosity and induces stronger alignment of the Au/GNP within the hybrid paper. Both approaches lead to improvement in electrical and thermal conductivity. It is also found that adjacent GNP particles are electrically connected by the Au nanoparticles but thermally disconnected. It is believed that phonons are scattered at the ...
Design and Realization of Integrated Display Terminal Simulation System for Armored Combat Vehicle Training Simulator

The use of simulator in the operation training of digitized weapons and equipment is a need for the development of informatization equipment in these years. The integrated display terminal simulation system is an essential component of the armored combat vehicle training simulator. The simulation system is built on the basis of the combination of VAPS platform, which is installed on PCs, and VC++ development environment, a practice that can not only reduce design costs but also shorten design cycles. The structure, design concepts and realization methods of this simulation system were introduced. The system architecture diagram and the development process were given. The research of several key issues was focused on, including the display of simulation interface as well as external drivers, and finally the development of the integrated display terminal simulation system for the training simulator of a certain type of armored combat vehicles was achieved so that met the demands for the informatization training of the integrated display terminal of armored vehicles. Hence, this system has a fairly high military and economic value.
Mechanism of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A Attenuation of CpG-Induced Antibody Production

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) had previously been shown to act as a damage associated molecular pattern with the ability to enhance CpG-A phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)-mediated stimulation of IFNα production from human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Examination of the mechanism by which TFAM might influence CpG ODN mediated innate immune responses revealed that TFAM binds directly, tightly and selectively to the structurally related CpG-A, -B, and -C ODN. TFAM also modulated the ability of the CpG-B or -C to stimulate the production of antibodies from human B cells. TFAM showed a dose-dependent modulation of CpG-B, and -C -induced antibody production from human B cells in vitro, with enhancement of high dose and inhibition of low doses of CpG stimulation. This effect was linked to the ability of TFAM to directly inhibit the binding of CpG ODNs to B cells, in a manner consistent with the relative binding affinities of TFAM for the ODNs. These data suggest that TFAM alters the free concentration of the CpG available to stimulate B cells by sequestering this ODN in a TFAM-CpG complex. Thus, TFAM has the potential to decrease the pathogenic consequences of exposure to natural CpG-like hypomethylated DNA in vivo, as well as such as that found in traumatic injury, infection, autoimmune disease and during pregnancy.
Abstract 3421: Epidemiology and survival in patients with extragastric signet ring carcinoma

Background: Signet ring carcinoma (SRC) is a distinct histological phenotype of adenocarcinoma. There are only a few published studies specifying the epidemiology of SRC with extragastric presentation. The purpose of our study was to define the most common primary sites of extragastric SRC, determine the incidence, and to compare survival by primary site and disease stage. Methods: The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database was examined from 2000 to 2012 in order to identify SRC histology (8490) and determine its most common primary sites, incidence, and survival by site and stage. The five most common primary extragastric sites were identified by utilizing ICD-0-3/WHO 2008 classification. Age-adjusted incidence rates for extragastric SRC were calculated and compared to gastric SRC. Relative survival (RS) and overall survival (OS) at 1 and 3 years were analyzed by primary site and stage using Kaplan-Meier method. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Results: A total of 24,522 histologically confirmed cases of SRC were identified, and SRC comprised 0.5% of all malignant neoplasms. Among cases with known histological grade, 89.7% had poorly differentiated tumors. Overall, digestive system origin was recorded for 90% of SRC cases. Approximately half (44.2%) of primary SRC tumors were detected outside of the stomach. The most common primary sites for extragastric SRC were colon (40.5%), esophagus (11.9%), rectum (9.8%), lung/bronchus (7.3%), and pancreas (4.7%). The incidence rates for common extragastric SRC were much lower than for gastric SRC, and were higher for males than females (p Conclusion: Our study indicated that extragastric SRC most commonly occurs in the colorectum, esophagus and lung/bronchus. We confirmed that the primary site substantially impacts survival. Thus, development of unique molecular or histologic markers may help to identify the organ of origin and thereby determine prognosis in these phenotypically similar neoplasms. Citation Format: Chul Kim, Susanna Ulahannan, Julius Strauss, Jaydira Del Rivero, Austin Duffy, Tim F. Greten, Oxana V. Makarova-Rusher. Epidemiology and survival in patients with extragastric signet ring carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3421.
Assessment of photosynthesis regulation in mixotrophically cultured microalga Chlorella sorokiniana

Abstract Mixotrophic growth of microalgae offers great potential as an efficient strategy for biofuel production. In this study, photosynthetic regulation of mixotrophically cultured Chlorella sorokiniana cells was systematically evaluated. Mixotrophic cells in the exponential growth phase showed the highest photosynthetic activity, where maximum photosynthetic O 2 evolution was approximately 3- and 4-fold higher than cells in the same phase grown photoautotrophically in 1% CO 2 (in air) and air, respectively. Additionally, characteristic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters demonstrated that no limitation in electron transport downstream of PSII was detected in mixotrophic cells. Up-regulation of photosynthetic activity was associated with high total ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylase activity and expression level of phosphoribulokinase (PRK). After 3 days, photosynthetic O 2 evolution of mixotrophic cells that went to the stationary phase, was strongly reduced, with reduced photochemical efficiency and reorganization of the PSII complex. Simultaneously, enzymatic activity for Rubisco carboxylase and mRNA levels of Rubisco and PRK diminished. Importantly, there was almost no non-photochemical quenching for mixotrophic cells, whether grown in log or stationary phase. A decline in the quantum efficiency of PSII and an oxidized plastoquinone pool (PQ pool) was observed under N-depleted conditions during mixotrophic growth. These results demonstrate that photosynthesis is regulated differently in mixotrophically cultured C. sorokiniana cells than in cells grown under photoautotrophic conditions, with a particularly strong impact by nitrogen levels in the cells.
Content-Based fMRI Brain Maps Retrieval

The statistical analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to extract functional data of cerebral activation during a given experimental task. It allows for assessing changes in cerebral function related to cerebral activities. This methodology has been widely used and a few initiatives aim to develop shared data resources. Searching these data resources for a specific research goal remains a challenging problem. In particular, work is needed to create a global content–based (CB) fMRI retrieval capability.
The Physiology of Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): An Overview of the Limitations and Adaptations

For all human beings, exercise is vital to living well. Exercise promotes physical and psychological health across the lifespan, reducing risk for mortality and decreasing prevalence of health complications which contribute to chronic disease. Exercise requires integrated physiologic responses across the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, autonomic, pulmonary, thermoregulatory, and immunologic systems. However, persons living with spinal cord injury (SCI) have difficulty achieving the minimal exercise requirements for health benefits since paralyzed skeletal muscles cannot contribute to overall oxygen consumption. Moreover, SCI can be considered as an accelerated systemic form of aging due to the severely restricted physical inactivity imposed, usually at an early age. Indeed, persons with SCI experience profound declines in function across many physiological systems and are considered, as a group, to be sedentary and among the least fit individuals. And, there are numerous considerations for exercise in those with an SCI. Alterations in function across almost all the physiological systems engaged by exercise may be compromised or altered. Nonetheless, exercise can still confer significant benefits and may be among the most important components of a healthy lifestyle for this population.
Creepers, Druggers, and Predator Ambiguity: The Interactional Construction of Campus Victimization and the University Sex Predator

In response to the pervasive problem of sexual victimization on campus, many colleges in the United States have adopted bystander intervention programs which seek to educate students and provide them with the tools necessary to intervene in potentially risky situations. Research shows that how potential bystanders construct potential victims and perpetrators of campus victimization significantly impacts their progression to intervention. As an extension of Pugh, Ningard, Vander Ven and Butler’s (Deviant Behavior, 2016) work on victim ambiguity, the present study drew from intensive interviews of 30 undergraduates from a large university in the American Midwest to examine how students construct perpetrators in situations that hold the potential for sexual assault. Findings suggest that common stereotypes about alcohol, sexual assault, and risk guided bystander constructions of potential perpetrators of sexual assault in the drinking scene, which influenced their self-reported intervention likelihood. Respondents referred to strangers, the transient type (i.e., those who suspiciously leave a party scene with a woman), “druggers,” “creepers,” and other social indicators when discussing typical predators and the informal strategies for recognizing them in the drinking scene. Program implications are discussed.
Characterization of cancer family history among patients with PCa cancer.

272Background: Family history (FH) is a well-documented risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa). Certain cancers (Ca) are also shown to co-segregate in families. This study evaluated Ca FH in PCa patients (pts) and the impact of FH on clinical covariates. Methods: FHs were collected from 535 PCa pts at Tulane Hospital between 2015 and 2016. Incidence rates of familial Cas were analyzed. Age at diagnosis (dx), Gleason score, and the presence of metastases at any time were documented. Chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify correlations between clinical parameters and FH. Results: 435 pts (81.3%) had a Ca FH. 281 pts (52.5%) had ≥2 relatives with Ca. Rates of breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic Ca, and leukemia FH did not vary between pts diagnosed at ≤55 and those diagnosed over 55. Pts with PCa FH were more likely than pts with no PCa FH to have an age of dx ≤55 (p= 0.0169). Median age at dx was 59 for pts with PCa FH and 64 for pts with no PCa FH. PCa FH did not affect Gleason s...
Disturbance rejection of real power flow by grid-tied inverter

High penetration of distributed and renewable power generation systems challenges the conventional paradigm of stabilizing power systems with the standard rotational inertia used in power generation. To improve the stability of a power system, advanced disturbance rejection control techniques can be used to provide damping and power disturbance mitigation. An approach for three-phase (real) power disturbance mitigation using real-time feedback control is outlined in this paper. The control algorithm for power disturbance rejection is formulated via the internal model principle, computed via minimum variance control and designed to operate with a commercial grid-tied inverter. The end result is a real-time controlled inverter that is able to reduce power disturbances created by unanticipated load changes in an electrical grid. An experimental setup is used to validate the proposed control algorithm through on/off switching of a dynamic load and the results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed controller for real-time mitigation of power flow oscillations.
Political thinking, political theory, and civil society

There are some texts that can be read multiple times by one person within their lifetime, or multiple times across generations, and those texts would be subject to variations in interpretation. Tex...
Impaired cohesion and homologous recombination during replicative aging in budding yeast

The causal relationship between genomic instability and replicative aging is unclear. We reveal here that genomic instability at the budding yeast ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus increases during aging, potentially due to the reduced cohesion that we uncovered during aging caused by the reduced abundance of multiple cohesin subunits, promoting increased global chromosomal instability. In agreement, cohesion is lost during aging at other chromosomal locations in addition to the rDNA, including centromeres. The genomic instability in old cells is exacerbated by a defect in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair that we uncovered in old yeast. This was due to limiting levels of key homologous recombination proteins because overexpression of Rad51 or Mre11 reduced the accumulation of DSBs and largely restored DSB repair in old cells. We propose that increased rDNA instability and the reduced DSB repair capacity of old cells contribute to the progressive accumulation of global chromosomal DNA breaks, where exceeding a threshold of genomic DNA damage ends the replicative life span.
Neuropsychological Battery Patterns

A pattern is a specific fixed set of relationships between two or more scores in a battery or procedure. Patterns require an integrated standardized battery, because the procedure must remain consistent over administrations. Patterns may be described in many forms such as indexes, neural maps, scattergrams, and profiles. Because the Wechsler tests are standardized co-normed batteries, they provide the basis for many patterns such as lateralization and fluidity. Patterns may demonstrate diagnostic conditions. Alzheimer’s disease can be distinguished from cerebral vascular dementia by relatively unimpaired pure motor tests whereas memory, cognitive tests, and especially Trails B are impaired, often severely. Some patterns, which are described, for many pathological brain conditions are unformalized but known in the clinical lore. Often they have not been widely known except for Reitan’s students.
Acute ankle sprain in dancers

Ankle sprain is a common injury in dancers. Because of the relative frequency of this injury and its wide acceptance as a likely part of an active lifestyle, in many individuals it may not receive the careful attention it deserves. An extreme ankle range of motion and excellent ankle stability are fundamental to success in dance. Hence, following a proper treatment protocol is crucial for allowing a dancer who suffers an ankle sprain to return to dance as soon as possible without impaired function. This article reviews the basic principles of the etiology and management of ankle sprain in dancers. Key concepts are on-site examination and treatment, early restoration, dance-specific rehabilitation, and a carefully administered safe return to dance. Additionally, injuries that may occur in conjunction with ankle sprain are highlighted, and practical, clinically relevant summary concepts for dance healthcare professionals, dance scientists, dance teachers, and dancers are provided.
Background: Recent Advances in Mental Health Interventions

The purpose of this sourcebook is to provide a widely encompassing set of written self-help practice exercises that cover a variety of individual and relational conditions. They can be used as alternative or additional resources in the promotion of mental health as well as in the prevention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation of mental illness.
Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV: The Science Program

Jefferson Lab's upgrade of its Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) has recently been completed. The project involved an upgrade of the accelerator to achieve a maximum beam energy...
Designing a robust proppant detection and classification workflow using machine learning for subsurface fractured rock samples post hydraulic fracturing operations

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a method of reservoir stimulation that enhances the effective permeability of tight unconventional reservoirs such as shale oil and gas. In typical hydraulic fracturing treatments, millions of gallons of water are pumped under pressure into rock formations deep below the earth's surface. Proppant particles such as sand are injected as part of the fracturing slurry to hold the hydraulic fractures open, or propped, after high-pressure water injection has ceased. Propped hydraulic fractures provide a conduit for long-term hydrocarbon production, thus being essential to commercial oil and gas production from shale reservoirs. The distribution of the proppant particles can be useful in understanding effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing treatments. It can also help identify both, unstimulated and under-stimulated zones within the reservoirs of interest. These proppant particles can be found in drilling fluid return or in cores, which can be sampled from subsurface. In this study, we highlight the design and development of artificial neural network based workflow that helps identify where proppant particles are located and classifies proppant and various particles of interest. In this study, these particles are limited to naturally occurring calcite or other minerals from subsurface rocks. Various features of interest that help with the classification process have been conceptualized and defined. This method has been verified using controlled test cases and validated using actual samples from subsurface. The designed ANN classifier has also been benchmarked with other classification methods including k-nearest neighbor, naive-Bayes classifiers and Support vector machines. A workflow to process samples from subsurface and quantify proppant distribution for future test programs including potential real time applications has been proposed. Based on this workflow, we share proppant distribution from a Permian Basin case study. We have also compared proppant distribution using our proposed method with results from an independent workflow on a similar dataset, which does not utilize machine learning.
Early Nonfood Parent-Infant Interactions and Development of Obesity in a High-Risk, Diverse Sample.

Objective This study aimed to understand the protective role of positive mother-infant interactions in the context of food and nonfood behaviors against obesity risk later in life among a cohort of low-income children at high prenatal risk due to maternal substance use during pregnancy. Methods The sample consisted of 216 mother-infant dyads (49% boys) participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. Mother-infant interactions during a feeding episode and a free-play task were measured at child age 1 and 7 months, respectively. Children's length/height and weight were measured at 1, 7, 13, 24, 36, and 48 months of age; at kindergarten age (approximately 60 months); and in second grade (approximately 84 months). BMI growth trajectories were modeled. Results No significant associations were found between mother-child feeding interactions and child BMI trajectories. Maternal warmth (95% CI: -0.020 to -0.0005; P = 0.04) and child positive affect (95% CI: -0.020 to -0.002; P = 0.014) during free play were associated with a more normative child BMI trajectory. Conclusions Results from this study indicated that high maternal warmth and child positive affect during play, but not feeding interactions, are associated with reduced obesity risk from infancy to middle childhood in the context of high pre- and postnatal risks.
Experimental evidence of resilience to size-selective harvesting in a protogynous hermaphroditic reef fish, Rhinogobiops nicholsii

Abstract Most fishing methods are inherently size-selective, and many fisheries have minimum size limits, resulting in removal of the largest, most fecund size-classes of harvested species. Some modeling and correlative studies suggest protogynous (female-to-male sex changing) fishes may be particularly strongly impacted by removal of large individuals, but controlled experiments are necessary to test this expectation. By manipulating the density and size structure of populations of the blackeye goby (Rhinogobiops nicholsii) in the field via size-selective removals, this experiment aimed to identify the effects of size-selective harvesting on the (1) growth, (2) maturation, (3) sex change, and (4) reproductive output of a protogynous hermaphroditic reef fish that uses exogenous cues for sex change. Removals of ~ 25% of fish established in populations on standardized artificial reefs simulated a pulse of fishing mortality with minimum size limits, slot size limits, and maximum size limits, which are used in some fisheries. Size-selective removals had no statistically significant effects on the growth, maturation, sex change, or reproduction in blackeye gobies, indicating that this protogynous species is resilient to moderately intense size-selective removals. Some trends consistent with predicted effects of size-selective removals were present, but we had low power to detect some effects. Specifically, the rate of maturation was highest in the slot size limit treatment, and the rate of sex change was highest where large fish had been removed. Regardless of simulated fishing type, populations in all treatments exhibited similar size- and sex-structure by the end of the experiment, nearly two months after population structure had been manipulated. These results suggest that sequentially hermaphroditic fishes with exogenous cues for sex change may be able to quickly replace individuals with high reproductive value after experiencing moderately intense size-selective harvesting. However, experiments incorporating additional sex-changing species, particularly with different modes of reproduction and cues for sex change, as well as higher fishing intensities or longer durations of fishing are still necessary to reconcile differences in results reported herein and those from modeling and correlative studies.
Coordination of mRNA and tRNA methylations by TRMT10A

The posttranscriptional modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) provides an additional layer of regulatory complexity during gene expression. Here, we show that a tRNA methyltransferase, TRMT10A, interacts with an mRNA demethylase FTO (ALKBH9), both in vitro and inside cells. TRMT10A installs N1-methylguanosine (m1G) in tRNA, and FTO performs demethylation on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) in mRNA. We show that TRMT10A ablation not only leads to decreased m1G in tRNA but also significantly increases m6A levels in mRNA. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation, followed by high-throughput sequencing results show that TRMT10A shares a significant overlap of associated mRNAs with FTO, and these mRNAs have accelerated decay rates potentially through the regulation by a specific m6A reader, YTHDF2. Furthermore, transcripts with increased m6A upon TRMT10A ablation contain an overrepresentation of m1G9-containing tRNAs codons read by tRNAGln(TTG), tRNAArg(CCG), and tRNAThr(CGT). These findings collectively reveal the presence of coordinated mRNA and tRNA methylations and demonstrate a mechanism for regulating gene expression through the interactions between mRNA and tRNA modifying enzymes.
Matrix isolation investigation of the wavelength-dependent photochemical reaction of ozone with vinyl chloride

Abstract A study of the photolytically-induced reaction of ozone with vinyl chloride, H2C CHCl, in argon matrixes is described, after either red LED (625 nm) or Hg pen lamp (254 nm) irradiation. Products were observed using infrared spectroscopy and identification was aided by 18O and deuterium labeling experiments. The experimental work was supported by extensive DFT calculations. Three products were formed upon red LED irradiation: chloroacetaldehyde, chlorooxirane and chlorovinyl alcohol (this last assignment being tentative). These results suggest the intermediacy of a triplet biradical H2CO∙-CHCl∙ formed through the initial step of the reaction of O 3P with VC. With 254 nm irradiation, additional products were also observed, specifically chloroketene and the ketene-HCl complex, reflecting the higher energy and O 1D spin state of the initial O atom formed with 254 nm irradiation.
[Surveillance results of national monitoring sites for soil-transmitted nematode infections in Xinchang County from 2009 to 2017].

OBJECTIVE To understand the infection status of soil-transmitted nematodes in Xinchang County, so as to offer the evidence for the formulation of control measures. METHODS The infection of soiltransmitted nematodes in residents was investigated by using the Kato-Katz method and cellophane anal swab. RESULTS A total of 3 069 people were examined in 2009, 2012 and 2017, of which 1 520 people were male and 61 people were infected, with the infection rate of 4.01%; 1 549 were women and 54 people were infected, with the infection rate of 3.48%. The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes in 2009, 2012 and 2017 were 4.60%, 4.29% and 2.35%, respectively, and the total infection rates were decreased (χ2 = 7.151, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rate of soil-transmitted nematode infection in Xinchang County is declining, and it is at a low epidemic level.
The magnetic effects of brecciation and shock in meteorites: III. The achondrites

We present results of a magnetic survey of achondritic meteorites, representing the aubrites (A), diogenites (D), Irowardites (H), and eucrites (E) groups and relate their magnetic behavior to respective class characteristics and models of origin. Magnetic susceptibility (x) values cluster well within each group and decrease systematically between groups (from ∼2 to 0.1×10−3GOe−1 cm−3), with the average metal contents, (from ∼1 to <0.1 wt%) in the above order. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) values range broadly within each group, but group averages decrease roughly as above. However, the considerable within-sample and intra-group variability in NRM level and its demagnetization characteristics attest to inhomogeneous and localized brecciation effects. Although petrological-chemical studies resolve a primary component of magmatic differentiation on the planetoid of origin, no clear magnetic record of such event has been preserved. The magnetization of achondrites is mainly the product of their complex, multi-stage impact brecciation and metamorphism history, in accord with other lines of evidence. The magnetic behavior of achondrites is remarkably similar to that characteristic of lunar breccias and impact-melt rocks and reinforces their analogous mode of genesis, as brought out by chemical and petrographic analyses.
Outcomes of Short Versus Long Leg Casts for Childhood Accidental Spiral Tibial CAST Fractures

OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to analyze the outcomes of short versus long leg casts in the treatment of childhood accidental spiral tibial (CAST) fractures. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of medical records at a single tertiary children's hospital from 2009 to 2014 of children with distal, spiral tibial fractures (CAST fractures). The following points were documented for each patient: sex, laterality of fracture, age at presentation, type of cast, length of time in cast, use of a controlled ankle motion boot after cast removal, suspicion for abuse, and complications including skin irritation, skin breakdown, infection, compartment syndrome, fracture displacement, and gait disturbances. RESULTS A total of 21 patients with an age range of 12 to 62 months were found to have CAST fractures as confirmed by x-ray. Fourteen were treated with short leg casts, whereas 7 were treated with long leg casts. Both groups healed with equal outcomes, and there was no documented suspicion for abuse in any case. CONCLUSIONS A short leg walking cast seems to be an effective and safe method of treatment for CAST fractures and could be considered as potentially preferable to long leg casts because of the added benefits of increased mobility and function. Follow-up to this preliminary study is warranted to better elucidate any differences in benefit between these treatment options, and clinical judgment should be used when considering immobilization options.
Antibiotic susceptibility signatures identify potential antimicrobial targets in the Acinetobacter baumannii cell envelope

A unique, protective cell envelope contributes to the broad drug resistance of the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we use transposon insertion sequencing to identify A. baumannii mutants displaying altered susceptibility to a panel of diverse antibiotics. By examining mutants with antibiotic susceptibility profiles that parallel mutations in characterized genes, we infer the function of multiple uncharacterized envelope proteins, some of which have roles in cell division or cell elongation. Remarkably, mutations affecting a predicted cell wall hydrolase lead to alterations in lipooligosaccharide synthesis. In addition, the analysis of altered susceptibility signatures and antibiotic-induced morphology patterns allows us to predict drug synergies; for example, certain beta-lactams appear to work cooperatively due to their preferential targeting of specific cell wall assembly machineries. Our results indicate that the pathogen may be effectively inhibited by the combined targeting of multiple pathways critical for envelope growth.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and SARS-CoV-2 Serology

* Abbreviations: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease 2019 MIS-C — : multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children RBD — : receptor-binding domain S — : severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein SARS-Co-V-2 — : severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably the most socially and economically disruptive pandemic since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Although pediatric COVID-19 shares features with the adult disease, there are several differences. Children produce virus in amounts at least equal to adults, if not higher,1 and can transmit the virus, just as adults can.2 School-aged children are generally less-severely affected than infants or adults, but some children without significant underlying disease become ill or die in a disease process analogous to the one most commonly seen in adults: severe pulmonary disease and respiratory failure.3–6 Children and adults appear to have different humoral immune responses to COVID-19.7 A small fraction of children with COVID-19 experience a hyperinflammatory process,8–13 termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the United States, with features distinct from Kawasaki disease.14 This case definition includes ≥2 of these symptoms: rash, conjunctivitis, or mucocutaneous inflammation; hypotension; cardiac disease; coagulopathy; or acute gastrointestinal problems.15 MIS-C, which is not correlated with viral load levels, typically appears some time after initial infection.13 MIS-C’s incidence is difficult to determine, given the high rate of asymptomatic infection.12 Adults with COVID-19 also can experience inflammatory disorders: coagulopathies, vasculitis, cardiomyositis, and neuroinflammatory processes.16–18 That the most effective therapy to reduce mortality in adults with severe COVID-19 yet established is an immune suppressant, dexamethasone,19 reveals the importance of inflammatory and immune-mediated pathologies. In this issue of … Address correspondence to Steven Zeichner, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Box 801349, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: zeichner{at}virginia.edu
Feasibility of Same Day Discharge Post-Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as a successful treatment for achalasia and other spastic disorders of the esophagus. With clinical experience, a same day discharge protocol has been developed. Readmission rates and postprocedural complications related to POEM procedures at a single institution were compared in patients discharged same day versus overnight observation. A total of 66 patients were discharged within hours after the procedure while 88 were admitted for monitoring overnight; no differences in readmissions or complications were identified. Same day discharge after POEM is relatively safe and has no difference in readmission or complication rates compared with overnight observations.
Electrical and optical characterizations of spin-orbit torque

To further reduce the energy consumption in spin–orbit torque devices, it is crucial to precisely quantify the spin–orbit torque (SOT) in different materials and structures. In this work, heavy metal/ferromagnet and heavy metal/ferrimagnet heterostructures are employed as the model systems to compare the electrical and optical methods for the SOT characterization, which are based on the anomalous Hall effect and the magneto-optical Kerr effect, respectively. It is found that both methods yield the consistent SOT strength for the current-driven magnetization switching measurements and the harmonic measurements. Our results suggest that the optical method is a feasible and reliable tool to investigate SOT, which is a powerful way to develop insulator-based magnetic systems in the future.
The dream trainers

The Dream Trainers takes place in a fictional near-future U.S.-run compound in Tanzania. Nnedi Okorafor and Octavia Butler inspired the “world made of change.”1 Alexis Pauline Gumbs and Wanuri Kahi...
SGX-FPGA: Trusted Execution Environment for CPU-FPGA Heterogeneous Architecture

Trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX, have become a popular security primitive with minimum trusted computing base (TCB) and attack surface. However, the existing CPU-based TEEs do not support FPGAs, even though FPGA-based cloud computing services have been rapidly deployed with security vulnerabilities that are expected to be eliminated by TEEs. To fill the gap, we present SGX-FPGA, a trusted hardware isolation path enabling the first FPGA TEE by bridging SGX enclaves and FPGAs in the heterogeneous CPU-FPGA architecture. Our experiments on real CPU-FPGA hardware justify the high security and low performance overhead achieved by SGX-FPGA.
Exculpating Injustice: Coroner Constructions of White Innocence in the Postbellum South:

Research notes the broad complicity of white public officials in historical racial violence and repression. These discussions emphasize the role of criminal justice actors in perpetrating and enabl...