cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of estuarine flooding and dewatering with application to Great Bay, New Hampshire

Abstract A finite element model for simulating tidal flooding and dewatering of shallow estuaries is described and applications to hypothetical embayments and to the Great Bay, New Hampshire estuary system, are presented. The model incorporates two-dimensional kinematic wave physics, with a porous medium beneath the open channel to incorporate the realistic drainage of dry elements on a fixed, high resolution mesh. The Galerkin method is used on simple linear finite elements and solved implicitly with iteration in time. Simulations of idealized channels conserve mass, display physically correct behaviour, and agree with applicable one-dimensional results. Solutions for Great Bay further illustrate the physics of tidal flat hydrodynamics, characteristic distributions of bottom shear stress and the influence of topography on the overall circulation in the region. Sediment transport implications are discussed.
Beyond Profit? Sectoral Differences in High-Performance Work Practices

Drawing on a recent survey of establishments in the United States, the authors examine how nonprofit, public, and for-profit establishments vary in the use of high-performance work organization (HPWO) practices that offer opportunities for participation in decision making (via self-directed teams and offline committees), enhance the capacity for participation (via multiskilling practices such as job rotation), and provide incentives for participation (via compensation practices). Nonprofit and public organizations are less likely to use performance incentives (gain sharing and bonuses) and some multiskilling practices than are for-profit organizations but more likely to use both self-directed work teams and offline committees. Sectoral differences in the prevalence of incentive compensation and self-directed teams persist after correlates of sector that predict HPWO prevalence—including establishment size, industry, computational requirements, and unionization—are controlled.
Requirement for integration of signals from two distinct phosphorylation pathways for activation of MAP kinase

MAP kinase (relative molecular mass, 42,000), a low abundance serine--threonine protein kinase, is transiently activated in many cell types by a variety of mitogens, including insulin, epidermal growth factor, and phorbol esters. In vitro, MAP kinase will phosphorylate and reactivate S6 kinase II previously inactivated by phosphatase treatment. Because many of the stimuli that activate MAP kinase are also stimulators of cell proliferation, and regulation of the cell cycle seems to involve a network of protein kinases, MAP kinase could be important in the transmission of stimuli eventually leading to the progression from G0 to G1 in the cell cycle. Activated MAP kinase contains both phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine. We report here that MAP kinase can be deactivated completely by treatment with either phosphatase 2A, a protein phosphatase specific for phosphoserine and phosphothreonine, or CD45, a phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase. We demonstrate that MAP kinase is only active when both tyrosyl and threonyl residues are phosphorylated and suggest therefore that the enzyme functions in vivo to integrate signals from two distinct transduction pathways.
Non-Semantic Auditory Discrimination: Foundation for Second Language Learning.

TO ACHIEVE GOOD oral production of a second language the student must hear it accurately. Independent use of the language laboratory has allowed each student to work toward this goal by giving him control of the loudness, repetition, and intervals of exposure to the new language. However, there is no dial that selectively enhances the quality of sounds, especially those which have no counterpart in the native language. Many students fail to develop a genuine "accent" in the second language. Therefore, we feel it is necessary to do some preliminary tuning of the ears by requiring students to discriminate speech sounds. Further, to assure that the task remains purely auditory, the speech sounds are divorced from a meaningful context. Hearing has two facets: sensitivity to quantity (wave amplitude) and sensitivity to quality (frequency and phase). Individuals can have varying sensitivity in each dimension. Youngsters who have speech defects in their native language are often found to have difficulty in discriminating speech signals although their responses to pure tones of the same loudness are normal. Consequently, exercises in speech sound discrimination play an important part in speech therapy.1 However, the fact that a person speaks his native language clearly is not sufficient reason to expect him to speak a second language clearly. The obstacles are not just timing and motor habits, but also listening habits. Patterns of auditory recognition are set down early in life and tend to filter out new sounds or push them into established niches.2 Moulton speaks of ordinary speech as a "slurred continuum" from which the listener perceives sounds according to the permitted phonological code of his language.3 In life, furthermore, we listen for messages. When the phoneme sequence is incomplete or ambiguous, the listener consults the semantic code and interprets according to the larger context of cues. Rather than asking for a repetition of the vowels when someone asks for a /pin/or/pen/, the listener acts according to the situation.
Fractographic Analysis of Very Small Theta Specimens

The theta test specimen is a versatile tool for evaluating the strength of extremely small structures. Round and hexagonal rings are compressed vertically on their ends creating a uniform tension stress in the middle gauge section. The simple compression loading scheme eliminates the need for special grips. A conventional nanoindentation hardness machine with a flat indenter applied load, monitored displacement, and recorded fracture loads. Prototype miniature specimens with web sections as thin as 7.5 m were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of single crystal silicon wafers. The strength limiting flaws were 200 nm to 500 nm deep surface etch pits.
Making usable, useful, productivity-enhancing computer applications

Almost a decade has passed since we started advocating a process of usability design. This article is a status report about the value of this process and, mainly, a description of new ideas for enhancing the use of the process
Infinite CacheFlow in software-defined networks

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables fine-grained policies for firewalls, load balancers, routers, traffic monitoring, and other functionality. While Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) enables OpenFlow switches to process packets at high speed based on multiple header fields, today's commodity switches support just thousands to tens of thousands of rules. To realize the potential of SDN on this hardware, we need efficient ways to support the abstraction of a switch with arbitrarily large rule tables. To do so, we define a hardware-software hybrid switch design that relies on rule caching to provide large rule tables at low cost. Unlike traditional caching solutions, we neither cache individual rules (to respect rule dependencies) nor compress rules (to preserve the per-rule traffic counts). Instead we ``splice'' long dependency chains to cache smaller groups of rules while preserving the semantics of the network policy. Our design satisfies four core criteria: (1) elasticity (combining the best of hardware and software switches), (2) transparency (faithfully supporting native OpenFlow semantics, including traffic counters), (3) fine-grained rule caching (placing popular rules in the TCAM, despite dependencies on less-popular rules), and (4) adaptability (to enable incremental changes to the rule caching as the policy changes).
Regional Climate Model Projections for the State of Washington

Global climate models do not have sufficient spatial resolution to represent the atmospheric and land surface processes that determine the unique regional climate of the State of Washington. Regional climate models explicitly simulate the interactions between the large-scale weather patterns simulated by a global model and the local terrain. We have performed two 100-year regional climate simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). One simulation is forced by the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and the second is forced by a simulation of the Max Plank Institute, Hamburg, global model (ECHAM5). The mesoscale simulations produce regional changes in snow cover, cloudiness, and circulation patterns associated with interactions between the large-scale climate change and the regional topography and land-water contrasts. These changes substantially alter the temperature and precipitation trends over the region relative to the global model result or statistical downscaling. To illustrate this effect, we analyze the changes from the current climate (1970–1999) to the mid twenty-first century (2030–2059). Changes in seasonal-mean temperature, precipitation, and snowpack are presented. Several climatological indices of extreme daily weather are also presented: precipitation intensity, fraction of precipitation occurring in extreme daily events, heat wave frequency, growing season length, and frequency of warm nights. Despite somewhat different changes in seasonal precipitation and temperature from the two regional simulations, consistent results for changes in snowpack and extreme precipitation are found in both simulations.
FePt L10 ordering and grain growth using millisecond pulse laser processing

Abstract The structural and magnetic properties of ∼12 nm thick FePt thin films grown on Si substrates annealed using a 1064 nm wavelength laser with a 10 ms pulse have been examined. The A 1 to L 1 0 ordering phase transformation was confirmed by electron and X-ray diffraction. An order parameter near 50% and a maximum coercivity of 12 kOe were obtained with laser energy densities of 25–32 J/cm 2 . Grain growth, quantified by dark field transmission electron microscopy, occurred during chemical ordering at the laser pulse widths studied.
Rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells synthesize insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6.

The PC12 cell line established from a rat pheochromocytoma has been extensively studied as a model of neuronal differentiation. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II are mitogenic for PC12 cells under serum-starved conditions. IGF activity is modulated by a family of six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). It recently was reported that PC12 cells produced an IGFBP that had a marked preferential binding affinity for IGF-II over IGF-I. We now show that the main IGFBP produced by PC12 cells is rat IGFBP-6 and compare its properties with those of human IGFBP-6. The predominant IGFBP in medium conditioned by undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular mass of 22.5-25 kilodaltons and was recognized by polyclonal antiserum to rat IGFBP-6 by immunoblotting. Rat IGFBP-6 mRNA (1.4 kilobases) was detected by Northern hybridization of total RNA extracted from PC12 cells using a rat IGFBP-6 cDNA probe. Rat IGFB...
Effect of concentration on R134a/Al2O3 nanolubricant mixture boiling on a reentrant cavity surface

Abstract This paper quantifies the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a Turbo-BII-HP boiling surface. Nanolubricants with 10 nm diameter Al2O3 nanoparticles of various volume fractions (1.6%, 2.3%, and 5.1%) in the base polyolester lubricant were mixed with R134a at two different mass fractions (0.5% and 1%). The study showed that nanolubricants can improve R134a boiling on a reentrant cavity surface as long as the nanoparticles remain well dispersed in the lubricant and are at sufficiently large concentration. For example, three of the refrigerant/nanolubricant mixtures with the smallest nanoparticle mass fraction exhibited average enhancements over the entire heat flux range of approximately 10%. However, when the nanoparticle mass fraction was increased to a point that likely encouraged agglomeration, an average heat transfer degradation of approximately 14% resulted. An existing model was used to predict the boiling heat transfer.
1065 Three-directional myocardial motion in patients with univentricular hearts using velocity-encoded phase contrast MRI

Introduction Patients with univentricular hearts rely on a single functioning ventricle to provide blood flow to both the systemic and pulmonary circuits following completion of the Fontan circulation. Tracking the function of the remaining ventricle in these patients is of interest as their long-term survival continues to improve and the ability of this single ventricle to sustain an increased load or serve an atypical role, as in the case of systemic right ventricles, is continually tested. Velocity-encoded phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) may provide an efficient technique with high spatial resolution to attain threecomponent myocardial tissue velocities in addition to flow information throughout the cardiac cycle which could be useful in the monitoring of these patients.
Neuronal sensitivity to tetanus toxin requires gangliosides.

Abstract Tetanus toxin produces spastic paralysis in situ by blocking inhibitory neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord. Although di- and trisialogangliosides bind tetanus toxin, their role as productive toxin receptors remains unclear. We examined toxin binding and action in spinal cord cell cultures grown in the presence of fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of ganglioside synthesis. Mouse spinal cord neurons grown for 3 weeks in culture in 20 μm fumonisin B1 develop dendrites, axons, and synaptic terminals similar to untreated neurons, even though thin layer chromatography shows a greater than 90% inhibition of ganglioside synthesis. Absence of tetanus and cholera toxin binding by toxin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates or immunofluorescence further indicates loss of mono- and polysialogangliosides. In contrast to control cultures, tetanus toxin added to fumonisin B1-treated cultures does not block potassium-stimulated glycine release, inhibit activity-dependent uptake of FM1-43, or abolish immunoreactivity for vesicle-associated membrane protein, the toxin substrate. Supplementing fumonisin B1-treated cultures with mixed brain gangliosides completely restores the ability of tetanus toxin to bind to the neuronal surface and to block neurotransmitter release. These data demonstrate that fumonisin B1 protects against toxin-induced synaptic blockade and that gangliosides are a necessary component of the receptor mechanism for tetanus toxin.
Divertor heat flux mitigation in high-performance H-mode discharges in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

Experiments conducted in high-performance 1.0 and 1.2 MA 6 MW NBI-heated H-mode discharges with a high magnetic flux expansion radiative divertor in NSTX demonstrate that significant divertor peak heat flux reduction and access to detachment may be facilitated naturally in a highly shaped spherical torus (ST) configuration. Improved plasma performance with high βt = 15–25%, a high bootstrap current fraction fBS = 45–50%, longer plasma pulses and an H-mode regime with smaller ELMs has been achieved in the strongly shaped lower single null configuration with elongation κ = 2.2–2.4 and triangularity δ = 0.7–0.8. Divertor peak heat fluxes were reduced from 6–12 to 0.5–2 MW m−2 in ELMy H-mode discharges using the inherently high magnetic flux expansion fm = 15–25 and the partial detachment of the outer strike point at several D2 injection rates. A good core confinement and pedestal characteristics were maintained, while the core carbon concentration and the associated Zeff were reduced. The partially detached divertor regime was characterized by an increase in divertor radiated power, a reduction in ion flux to the plate and a large neutral compression ratio. Spectroscopic measurements indicated the formation of a high-density, low-temperature region adjacent to the outer strike point, where substantial increases in the volume recombination rate and C II, C III emission rates were measured.
Relationship between hemoglobin and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults.

Abstract To understand mechanisms of association between hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relationships between hemoglobin and CVD risk factors were examined in 5115 black and white men and women who participated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Hemoglobin was higher in men than women, whites than blacks, and smokers than non-smokers ( p r 5 0.22, p r ⩽ 0.11, p r ⩽ 0.13, p r ⩽ 0.27, 0.07 ⩽ r ⩽ 0.18, respectively). These findings suggest that an association of hemoglobin with CVD risk factors may explain the association of hemoglobin with CVD.
Four-wave mixing with short pulses and optimized atomic coherence

We present a time-dependent calculation for four-wave mixing using a combination of long, short, and time delayed laser pulses in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency. Two transform limited nanosecond lasers are used to create a highly coherent mixture of the ground state and an excited state via a two-photon process. Once the induced transparency is established, a laser with short pulse length is injected after a suitable delay to generate four-wave mixing. We show that the wave mixing process is phase matched for all detunings, and with appropriately selected atomic coherence and populations, near 100% photon flux conversion efficiency can be obtained, independent of the intensity of the short pulse laser. In addition, we show that for small detunings for the short pulse laser, the four-wave mixing field travels with the speed of light in vacuum and suffers no pulse distortion even though the medium is highly dispersive at the frequency of the generated wave. These advantages open a door for future applications of the scheme for highly efficient, very stable UV generation.
A virtualized infrastructure for molecular imaging research using a data grid model

The animal-to-researcher workflow in many of today's small animal imaging center is burdened with proprietary data limitations, inaccessible back-up methods, and imaging results that are not easily viewable across campus. Such challenges decrease the amount of scans performed per day at the center and requires researchers to wait longer for their images and quantified results. Furthermore, data mining at the small animal imaging center is often limited to researcher names and date-labelled archiving hard-drives. To gain efficiency and reliable access to small animal imaging data, such a center needs to move towards an integrated workflow with file format normalization services, metadata databases, expandable archiving infrastructure, and comprehensive user interfaces for query / retrieval tools - achieving all in a cost-effective manner. This poster presentation demonstrates how grid technology can support such a molecular imaging and small animal imaging research community to bridge the needs between imaging modalities and clinical researchers. Existing projects have utilized the Data Grid in PACS tier 2 backup solutions, where fault-tolerance is a high priority, as well as imagingbased clinical trials where data security and auditing are primary concerns. Issues to be addressed include, but are not limited to, novel database designs, file format standards, virtual archiving and distribution workflows, and potential grid computing for 3-D reconstructions, co-registration, and post-processing analysis.
Calculations for quasi-elastic scattering 12C, 16O and 40Ca at 460 MeV

Abstract Differential (p, 2p) reaction cross sections are calculated for various shells of 12 C, 16 O and 40 Ca at 460 MeV and are compared with experiment. The DWIA calculations are carried out in the momentum representation which requires the use of a distorted-wave function which is different from the one in wide use at high energies. The difference between the two approximations is appreciable but not large, and both agree fairly well with experiment. Comparison of the coplanar symmetric with the non-coplanar symmetric cross sections for the 2 s 1 2 shell of 40 Ca show an interesting effect. This is that the nodal structure of the radial wave function is strongly suppressed in the former type but not in the latter type.
You are what you ate: The Biosetpoint Hypothesis

The current epidemic of obesity has developed at a rate that cannot be attributed to genetic drift. Attempts to treat obesity using diet and activity have been largely disappointing. Genes are fixed at conception, but genetic expression is known to be influenced by nutriture during the stages of growth and development, these occurring in humans from conception through arrival at adulthood. Based on an extrapolation from existing data and cultural models, it is hypothesized that there is a mechanism by which diet and lifestyle habits present during the individual stages of growth and development help to define and program genetic expression in a way that resists change. It is through this mechanism that current nutritional and lifestyle practices have impacted genetic expression and contributed to the rapid development of resistant obesity. The details of the interaction between nutrition, lifestyle and genetic expression during growth must be examined, and intervention strategies devised for early stages of growth to prevent the seeds of obesity from taking root.
On the collision dynamics of a water droplet containing an additive on a heated solid surface

An experimental study is presented for water–droplet impingement containing an additive upon a heated stainless–steel surface. A solution of 30% (mass fraction) sodium acetate trihydrate, CH 3 COONa3H 2 O, was used for the experiments. The impaction process was recorded using a high–speed digital camera at 1000 frames per second. The initial droplet diameter was fixed at 2.7 ± 0.1 mm and all experiments were performed in atmospheric air. Three different impact Weber numbers were considered, namely 15, 80 and 181. The droplet–evaporation lifetime was measured as a function of temperature for 30% (mass fraction) sodium acetate trihydrate. Collision dynamics were investigated for each impact Weber number, with the temperature of the stainless–steel surface varied from film evaporation to film boiling. The temporal variation of the liquid–film diameter was measured as a function of temperature for each impact Weber number. Experiments were also performed using water for direct comparison of the collision dynamics with the additive–containing droplets. The collision dynamics were observed to be different for water droplets containing an additive at low impact Weber number, but became increasingly similar as the impact Weber number was increased.
Adaptive Pulse Doppler Ambiguity Resolution

This paper demonstrates and tests a new algorithm for extracting velocity information from a pulse Doppler radar signal. The system is adaptive and performs weil in the presence of target scintillation. This paper also shows a special steady-state version of the adaptive algorithm. lt is computationally attractive and produces near optimal velocity estimates.
Structure and insights into the function of a Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channel

Bestrophin calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) regulate the flow of chloride and other monovalent anions across cellular membranes in response to intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) levels. Mutations in bestrophin 1 (BEST1) cause certain eye diseases. Here we present X-ray structures of chicken BEST1-Fab complexes, at 2.85 A resolution, with permeant anions and Ca(2+). Representing, to our knowledge, the first structure of a CaCC, the eukaryotic BEST1 channel, which recapitulates CaCC function in liposomes, is formed from a pentameric assembly of subunits. Ca(2+) binds to the channel's large cytosolic region. A single ion pore, approximately 95 A in length, is located along the central axis and contains at least 15 binding sites for anions. A hydrophobic neck within the pore probably forms the gate. Phenylalanine residues within it may coordinate permeating anions via anion-π interactions. Conformational changes observed near the 'Ca(2+) clasp' hint at the mechanism of Ca(2+)-dependent gating. Disease-causing mutations are prevalent within the gating apparatus.
Affordable Care Act Overview and Implications for Advancing Nursing

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) confronts nursing with opportunities as well as challenges. The authors provide an overview of the ACA and highlights opportunities for nursing practice, research, and doctoral education. The importance of disciplinary foundations is also addressed as relevant to envisioning the future of practice and education in the context of healthcare reform.
Composite Models of Objects and Scenes for Category Recognition

This paper presents a method of learning and recognizing generic object categories using part-based spatial models. The models are multiscale, with a scene component that specifies relationships between the object and surrounding scene context, and an object component that specifies relationships between parts of the object. The underlying graphical model forms a tree structure, with a star topology for both the contextual and object components. A partially supervised paradigm is used for learning the models, where each training image is labeled with bounding boxes indicating the overall location of object instances, but parts or regions of the objects and scene are not specified. The parts, regions and spatial relationships are learned automatically. We demonstrate the method on the detection task on the PASCAL 2006 Visual Object Classes Challenge dataset, where objects must be correctly localized. Our results demonstrate better overall performance than those of previously reported techniques, in terms of the average precision measure used in the PASCAL detection evaluation. Our results also show that incorporating scene context into the models improves performance in comparison with not using such contextual information.
Gigabit density recording using dual-element MR/inductive heads on thin-film disks

Inductive-write and magnetoresistive (MR)-read dual-element heads of very narrow trackwidths and narrow gaps have been designed, fabricated, and recording-tested on thin-film media of high coercivity and squareness. Results show excellent writability at modest write currents of 50 mA, large readback amplitudes with good signal-to-noise performance, very high linear-density resolution up to 5000 fc/mm (-6-dB density), and trackwidths close to the design dimensions. These results show that such head-disk systems are capable of recording operations at a target areal density of 1 Gb/in/sup 2/. Another result is that novel techniques for measuring nonlinear transition shifts as well as offtrack and squeeze performance have been developed. >
Optimal Acquisition and Sorting Policies for Remanufacturing

The condition of the used items acquired by remanufacturers is often highly variable, and sorting is an important aspect of remanufacturing operations. Sorting policies—the rules specifying which used products should be remanufactured and which should be scrapped—have received limited attention in the literature. In this paper, we examine the case of a remanufacturer who acquires unsorted used products as needed from third party brokers. As more used items are acquired for a given demand, the remanufacturer can be more selective when sorting. Thus, two related decisions are made: how many used items to acquire, and how selective to be during the sorting process. We derive optimal acquisition and sorting policies in the presence of used product condition variability for a remanufacturer facing both deterministic and uncertain demand. We show the existence of a single optimal acquisition and sorting policy with a simple structure and show that this policy is independent of production amount when acquisition costs are linear.
Investigation into Shadow Removal from Traffic Images

Traffic surveillance cameras are becoming a viable replacement for inductive loop detectors. The effectiveness of these cameras, however, depends on video image processing algorithms that can alleviate common problems such as shadows, vehicle occlusion, reflection, and camera shake. Shadows have proved to be a major source of error in the detection and classification of vehicles. Three algorithms of increasing complexity are proposed to address the shadow problem. The algorithms each address the need to remove cast shadows from vehicles while preserving self-shadows, or those areas of a vehicle that are hidden from illumination. They are also geared toward real-time analysis, which requires that they can be implemented efficiently and cannot have complex training or learning requirements. The dual-pass Otsu method of shadow removal was the simplest in application but had the poorest performance. The proposed region growing technique, though showing considerable promise, failed when the pixel intensity var...
Is there no alternative? Conscientious objection by medical students

Recent survey data gathered from British medical students reveal widespread acceptance of conscientious objection in medicine, despite the existence of strict policies in the UK that discourage conscientious refusals by students to aspects of their medical training. This disconnect demonstrates a pressing need to thoughtfully examine policies that allow conscience objections by medical students; as it so happens, the USA is one country that has examples of such policies. After presenting some background on promulgated US conscience protections and reflecting on their significance for conscience objections by medical students, this paper observes that the dominant approach (following the American Medical Association's conscience clause) is to allow exempted students to instead be evaluated on the basis of alternative curricular activities to learn the associated underlying content. This paper then introduces and discusses an example in which male Muslim students who believe it is wrong to touch members of the opposite sex object to performing physical examinations on female subjects in their medical training. This sort of case, it is argued, causes difficulty for a conscience clause that resolves the dilemma by granting reasonable exemptions in the form of participation in alternative curricular activities: there are cases where one must perform the 'objectionable' activity itself in order to learn the necessary content and underlying principles.
Use of Electron Microscopy and Other Special Techniques in the Investigation of Suspected Specimen Contamination

Contamination of a biopsy or surgical specimen with spurious tissue is an uncommon but potentially disastrous event. In this regard, the case of a 5-year-old boy referred for treatment of an abdominal tumor is presented. Sections made from paraffin blocks brought by the family showed both neuroblastoma and a spindle cell sarcoma, initially suggesting the possibility of divergent or mixed differentiation. However, the resemblance of the spindle cell component to well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma rather than rhabdomyosarcoma raised the suspicion that a specimen contamination had occurred. Electron microscopy was instrumental in confirming the smooth muscle nature of the sarcomatous component, leading to a fluorescence in situ hybridization study, which established that this component was incompatible with the patient's gender. This case illustrates that even when the light microscopic differential has been compromised by specimen mishandling, electron microscopy can at times provide useful information rega...
The dramaturgic perspective: Implications for the study of person perception

The major theoretical contributions to the study of attribution, those of Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1965) have worked from the assumption that person perception is analogous to object perception and scientific investigation. Goffman's dramaturgic analysis of the social self provides an alternative framework for addressing the problem of how we perceive and understand the behaviour of others. In this paper, I explore the implications of the dramaturgic perspective for the study of person perception and discuss the ways in which it diverges from the traditional approach to attribution. In addition, I present an alternative account of the Fundamental Attributional Error that arises in light of Goffman's dramaturgic analysis.
Why rodent pseudogenes refuse to retire

A new study in this issue of Genome Biology sheds light on why some pseudogenes persist in rodent, and other mammalian, genomes.
Analysis of Run-to-Run Variation of Bar-Coded Pyrosequencing for Evaluating Bacterial Community Shifts and Individual Taxa Dynamics

Bar-coded pyrosequencing has been increasingly used due to its fine taxonomic resolution and high throughput. Yet, concerns arise regarding the reproducibility of bar-coded pyrosequencing. We evaluated the run-to-run variation of bar-coded pyrosequencing in detecting bacterial community shifts and taxa dynamics. Our results demonstrate that pyrosequencing is reproducible in evaluating community shifts within a run, but not between runs. Also, the reproducibility of pyrosequencing in detecting individual taxa increased as a function of taxa abundance. Based on our findings: (1) for studies with modest sequencing depth, it is doubtful that data from different pyrosequencing runs can be considered comparable; (2) if multiple pyrosequencing runs are needed to increase the sequencing depth, additional sequencing efforts should be applied to all samples, rather than to selected samples; (3) if pyrosequencing is used for estimating bacterial population dynamics, only the abundant taxa should be considered; (4) for less-abundant taxa, the sequencing depth should be increased to ensure an accurate evaluation of taxon variation trends across samples.
North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variations from GRACE ocean bottom pressure anomalies

Concerns about North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (NAMOC) changes imply the need for a continuous, large-scale observation capability to detect changes on interannual to decadal time scales. Here we present the first measurements of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW) transport changes using only time-variable gravity observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites from 2003 until now. Improved monthly gravity field retrievals allow the detection of North Atlantic interannual bottom pressure anomalies and LNADW transport estimates that are in good agreement with those from the Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID/MOCHA). Concurrent with the observed AMOC transport anomalies from late 2009 through early 2010, GRACE measured ocean bottom pressures changes in the 3000–5000 m deep western North Atlantic on the order of 20 mm-H2O (200 Pa), implying a southward volume transport anomaly in that layer of approximately −5.5 sverdrup. Our results highlight the efficacy of space gravimetry for observing AMOC variations to evaluate latitudinal coherency and long-term variability.
Impact of Educational Video on Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening

Objective: To assess the status of pulse oximetry screening and barriers to implementing screening programs. Methods: This was a prospective pre-post intervention survey of nurse managers and medical directors of hospital-based birthing centers in Oregon, Idaho, and Southern Washington. The intervention was a 7-minute video demonstrating and discussing pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. Results: Analysis of matched pairs showed a significant increase in the use of pulse oximetry screening during the study period from 52% to 73% (P < .0001). Following implementation of the video, the perception of all queried potential barriers decreased significantly among individuals from hospitals self-identified as nonscreening at baseline. Viewing the educational video was associated with an increase in the percentage of individuals from nonscreening hospitals that rated screening as “very beneficial” (45% vs 90%, P = .0001). Conclusions: An educational video was associated with improved o...
Signal processing algorithms for adaptive interference suppression

Future wireless communication systems will involve significant adaptive signal processing capabilities to enhance the performance of high-rate transmission through limited bandwidth, dynamic multiple-access channels. Structured interference is a dominant, performance-limiting characteristic of such channels, and this paper provides a brief overview of basic adaptive signal processing algorithms that are useful for combatting this problem. This overview focuses primarily on adaptive linear methods for the suppression of multiple-access interference, although the mitigation of such impairments as dispersion and impulsive noise, and the exploitation of receiver diversity arising either from natural multipath or from the use of multiple antennas, are also discussed briefly. The discussion considers algorithms based on traditional techniques such as recursive-least-squares, as well as those based on more recently developed methods involving subspace tracking.
Formation and Characterization of Ohmic Contacts on Diamond

Low resistance ohmic contacts have been fabricated on a naturally occurring lib diamond crystal and on polycrystalline diamond films by B ion-implantation and subsequent Ti/Au bilayer metallization. A high B concentration was obtained at the surface by ion implantation, a postimplant anneal and a subsequent chemical removal of the graphite layer. A bilayer metallization of Ti followed by Au, annealed at 850°C, yielded specific contact resistance values (as measured using a standard transmission line model (TLM) pattern) of the order of 10 -5 Ω cm 2 for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown polycrystalline films and the natural lib crystal. Specific contact resistance values have also been determined from circular TLM measurements on CVD films and the values compared to those from standard TLM measurements. These contacts were stable to a measurement temperature of ∼400°C and no degradation due to temperature cycling was observed.
Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of a cluster randomized controlled trial of pay for performance for hypertension treatment: study protocol

Despite compelling evidence of the benefits of treatment and well-accepted guidelines for treatment, hypertension is controlled in less than one-half of United States citizens. This randomized controlled trial tests whether explicit financial incentives promote the translation of guideline-recommended care for hypertension into clinical practice and improve blood pressure (BP) control in the primary care setting. Using constrained randomization, we assigned 12 Veterans Affairs hospital outpatient clinics to four study arms: physician-level incentive; group-level incentive; combination of physician and group incentives; and no incentives (control). All participants at the hospital (cluster) were assigned to the same study arm. We enrolled 83 full-time primary care physicians and 42 non-physician personnel. The intervention consisted of an educational session about guideline-recommended care for hypertension, five audit and feedback reports, and five disbursements of incentive payments. Incentive payments rewarded participants for chart-documented use of guideline-recommended antihypertensive medications, BP control, and appropriate responses to uncontrolled BP during a prior four-month performance period over the 20-month intervention. To identify potential unintended consequences of the incentives, the study team interviewed study participants, as well as non-participant primary care personnel and leadership at study sites. Chart reviews included data collection on quality measures not related to hypertension. To evaluate the persistence of the effect of the incentives, the study design includes a washout period. We briefly describe the rationale for the interventions being studied, as well as the major design choices. Rigorous research designs such as the one described here are necessary to determine whether performance-based payment arrangements such as financial incentives result in meaningful quality improvements. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00302718
Chronic nasal dysfunction in children: Allergic rhinitis? Infectious? What to do if neither?

Purpose of reviewTo review challenges in the diagnosis, work-up, and management of healthy children who present to the otolaryngologist with nasal dysfunction. Common symptoms include chronic nasal congestion, with or without rhinorrhea, with or without previous empirically treated ‘allergic rhiniti
DECOMPOSITION OF PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS LITTER IN SEASONALLY FLOODED AND EXPOSED AREAS OF A MANAGED REEDBED

Most studies on the decomposition of Phragmites australis have concentrated on permanently submerged or standing litter. The present study examines the dynamics of leaf and stem litter breakdown in seasonally flooded and permanently exposed areas in a managed reedbed. Seasonal flooding and summer drawdown are employed as part of the management to prevent litter accumulation. Fine mesh (0.25 mm) and modified design, coarse mesh (5-mm) bags were used. In the permanently exposed area, leaf and stem material lost 42% of their dry weight after 18 months and 47% after 30 months. In the seasonally flooded area, depending on mesh size, leaf material lost 74–79% and stem material 60–79% of its dry weight over the same time periods. Examination of individual breakdown rates demonstrated that fastest weight losses occurred following summer drawdown, with well-oxygenated, warm, damp litter. Drying of the litter and re-flooding of the reedbed led to slowing or complete cessation of breakdown. Maintenance of damp conditions throughout the summer exposure period would maximize breakdown rates.
ANSYS Simulation of Impact Reduction With Fluid-Filled Interconnected Bubble Arrays

Soldiers, fire fighters, athletes in contact sports and construction workers are often exposed to severe impact conditions like blast waves and blunt force trauma. They often end up suffering injuries that have life-long consequences resulting in huge health care costs. Even the state of the art in impact reduction technology is inadequate when it comes to absorbing impact. University of Texas Arlington’s research institute (UTARI) has developed a concept for reducing impact using arrays of interconnected bubbles filled with a fluid. The array is fabricated out of a soft elastic polymer that can be used as a helmet liner. When the helmet experiences an impact, the load is effectively distributed by the movement of the fluid among the array of interconnected bubble cells. A preliminary numerical modeling to demonstrate the ability of this design concept to reduce impact loads as the proof-of-concept has been carried out. Effect of various design parameters such as secondary bubble thickness, type of fluid, connecting channel size and impact velocity has been studied in this finite element simulation using ANSYS. This paper presents the results from this preliminary study.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Spatializing Marxist Educational Theory: School, the Built Environment, Fixed Capital and (Relational) Space:

Over the last two decades, educational theory has begun to incorporate analyses of space where formerly temporal considerations dominated. In this article, Marxist educational theory is spatialized by considering the school as (1) a form of fixed capital, (2) a crucial aspect of the built environment and (3) a relational space. The author begins by sketching Marxist educational theory, relying heavily on the work of Glenn Rikowski. Critically taking up Rikowski's call to center the social reproduction of the labor power in educational analysis, he moves to an exploration of the role that space plays in this process, concentrating primarily on work by Marx and David Harvey. This spatialization helps to ground the current struggles over educational standardization and privatization within a broader critique of the capitalist mode of production.
Heterogeneity of phenotypic expression in normal and neoplastic B-cell proliferations detected by monoclonal antibodies LN-1 and DLC-48

Recently developed monoclonal antibodies DLC-48 and LN-1 have been shown to be effective reagents for complement-mediated cell lysis of human B-cells. The authors have initially found that these reagents are useful in elimination of malignant lymphomas cells from human bone marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation. In the current study, the authors have further characterized the reactivity of these antibodies in B-cell neoplasia and have analyzed the heterogeneity of antigenic expression among benign and neoplastic lymphoid cells for B-cell monoclonal antibodies. With the use of quantitative flow cytometric techniques to assess heterogeneity of antigen expression, the findings indicate that phenotypic heterogeneity within neoplasms from individual patients exists for a number of B-cell-related monoclonal antibodies, including B1, common acute lymphocyte leukemia antigen (CALLA), Ia, Ba-1, DLC-48, and LN-1. Within a given histologic class of lymphoid neoplasia, phenotypic heterogeneity was found to be a property of some individual cases and not others for all B-cell monoclonal antibodies examined. This heterogeneity was not consistently expressed in patients with similar tumors, nor was it a consistent property of a given antigen. Using cell lines derived from large cell lymphomas, the authors were able to find phenotypic heterogeneity within neoplastic cell lines that can be used to develop models for dealing with phenotypic heterogeneity in the context of complement-mediated cell lysis. They also established that for DLC-48 and LN-1, the heterogeneity was not related to the phase of the cell cycle of the proliferating cells. The results suggest that single monoclonal antibody treatment for bone marrow depletion of neoplastic cell may be insufficient to overcome phenotypic heterogeneity of B-cell neoplasms.
Experimental and mcnp5 based evaluation of neutron and gamma flux in the irradiation ports of the university of Utah research reactor

Neutron and gamma flux environment of various irradiation ports in the University of Utah training, research, isotope production, general atomics reactor were experimentally assessed and fully modeled using the MCNP5 code. The experimental measurements were based on the cadmium ratio in the irradiation ports of the reactor, flux profiling using nickel wire, and gamma dose measurements using thermo luminescence dosimeter. Full 3-D MCNP5 reactor model was developed to obtain the neutron flux distributions of the entire reactor core and to compare it with the measured flux focusing at the irradiation ports. Integration of all these analysis provided the updated comprehensive neutron-gamma flux maps of the existing irradiation facilities of the University of Utah TRIGA reactor.