cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A consumer-focused QC/sensory program in the food industry

Abstract For several years General Mills has successfully maintained a sensory evaluation program throughout their manufacturing facilities, with guidance from a centralized Operations Sensory (QC Sensory) department at their research center. Consumer responses determine the attributes and their limits that are key to product acceptance prior to the launch of new products. Sensory panels both at the manufacturing location and at the research center are trained on these select attributes using samples representing target and ranges in intensity for each attribute. Daily grading of product at each manufacturing location is based on deviation-from-a-reference scaling vs. a “gold standard”, with periodic calibration of each panel relative to blind-coded duplicates and other panels' ratings. The success of this program has been well illustrated by a reduction in consumer complaints, consistency of product both within and across manufacturing locations, and cost savings with decreases in rejected product. There has been a general shift in company culture from a management-driven to an employee-driven quality program, which stems from genuine pride and individual desire for excellence in product quality.
Design and Evaluation of a Smart Disk Cluster for DSS Commercial Workloads

The requirements for storage space and computational power of large-scale applications are increasing rapidly. Clusters seem to be the most attractive architecture for such applications, due to their low costs and high scalability. On the other hand, smart disk systems, with their large storage capacities and growing computational power are becoming increasingly popular. In this work, we compare the performance of these architectures with a single host-based system using representative queries from the Decision Support System (DSS) databases. We show how to implement individual database operations in the smart disk system and also show how to optimize the execution of the whole query by bundling frequently occurring operations together and executing the bundle in a single invocation. Besides decreasing the overall execution time, operation bundling also offers an easy-to-program and easy-to-use interface to access the data on smart disks. We also present a protocol for minimizing the communication time in the smart-disk-based system. To measure the response times, we have developed the DBsim, an accurate simulator which can simulate the database operations for the single host-based, cluster-based, and smart-disk-based systems. Using this simulator, we illustrate that the smart disk architecture offers substantial benefits in terms of overall query execution times of the TPC-D benchmark suite. In particular, the average response time of the smart disk architecture for the representative queries from the TPC-D benchmark in our base configuration is 71% smaller than the response time on the single host-based system and 4.2% smaller than the response time on the fastest cluster architecture. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the operation bundling and compare the scalabilities of the cluster-based and smart-disk-based systems.
An auto-reconfigurable dual-output SC DC-DC regulator with sub-harmonic fixed on-time control for energy-harvesting applications

This paper presents an auto-reconfigurable switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC regulator that is able to simultaneously produce two different regulated output voltages for energy harvesting applications. With capacitor and power switch sharing, the proposed power stage can realize separate 2x and 3x outputs, while saving 1 flying capacitor and 3 power switches compared with using two independent single-output doubler and tripler. The proposed power stage can also self-configure its own conversion ratio according to different input voltages in order to maintain high power efficiency of the regulator. A sub-harmonic fixed on-time control scheme is developed not only to regulate both outputs, but also to improve the light-load regulator power efficiency, minimize the cross-regulation between two outputs, and provide predictable noise spectrum of both regulated outputs. Implemented in a standard 0.35μm CMOS process, the proposed regulator can provide two regulated outputs of ~2V and ~3V under different input voltages from 1.1V to 1.8V, and deliver up to 15mA in each output. The proposed regulator also achieves a maximum power efficiency of 88% and its efficiency is improved by as much as 13% by auto-configuring its power stage from 2x, 3x to 2x, 2x when the input voltage changes from 1.1V to 1.6V.
Relationship of progesterone to early pregnancy loss in mares

Summary Exogenous progestins are often given to pregnant mares but many questions remain unanswered as to the relationship between concentrations of progesterone and embryo survival. Thus, embryos were collected 7 days after ovulation and transferred into either ovarian-intact recipients (I,n=15) or ovariectomized recipients which were given 100 mg progesterone (L,n=15) or 1,500 mg progesterone (H,n=15) daily. Concentrations of progesterone were determined in all mares from days 0 to 13. Recipients were examined for pregnancy with ultrasonography during days 11 through 25. Between days 28 and 100, twelve ovarian-intact, pregnant recipients were monitored for follicular and luteal changes and bled for determination of progesterone concentrations for 4 days at 2-week intervals. Twelve ovariectomized pregnant recipients were taken off injectable progesterone days 25-30 and pregnancy maintained to day 100 with an oral progestin, altrenogest. Concentrations of progesterone in these mares were determined every 3 days. Progesterone treatment had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy to day 100 or size of embryonic vesicle (P>0.05). Levels of progesterone during days 1 to 13 were 1.3 to 3.0 ng/ml, >25 ng/ml and 7 to 9 ng/ml for groups L, H and I, respectively. Concentrations of endogenous progesterone in ovariectomized pregnant mares became >1 ng/ml by day 91 of gestation indicating placental progesterone secretion. Increased concentrations of progesterone from days 60 to 100, seen in ovarian-intact, pregnant mares, were primarily due to secretions from corpora lutea. There was, in fact, a correlation between the number of 2°CL and progesterone level (r2=0.74). Initial formation of secondary CL's (2°CL) occurred from 28 to 51 days, with peak formation of 2°CL on days 55 to 70 of gestation.
An isomer of aldosterone

Abstract In the presence of dilute alkali aldosterone undergoes rearrangement to form an isomeric substance which is shown to be 11β, 18:18,21-diepoxy-20,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. The rearrangement is considered to include a tautomeric change of the side chain to produce a 20-hydroxy-21-aldehyde group which reacts with the C-18 hydroxyl group to form an oxide bridge between C-18 and C-21 and generate a hydroxyl group at C-21.
Saturn launch vehicle's navigation guidance, and control system

The navigation, guidance and control system of Saturn launch vehicles is reviewed with respect to systems engineering; operational requirements and design aspects determine the synthesis and the implementation of the system, which must fulfill extreme reliability demands. The iterative path adaptive guidance mode, featuring flight path optimization, is presented in its computational form. The launch vehicle dynamics for attitude control cover the rigid-body behavior and the body-bending characteristics of the vehicle as well as the sloshing behavior of the propellants, from which the vehicle control functions are derived. Signal flow diagrams, computational arrangements and specific components such as the inertial measurement unit demonstrate the implementation of the navigation, guidance and control system. Flight simulation has been applied for the design, analysis and verification of the navigation, guidance and control system. The evaluation of the flight results exhibits the excellent overall performance of the system even under unusual flight perturbations.
Proteomics of Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents

Despite the clinical success of microtubule-interacting agents (MIA), a significant challenge for oncologists is the inability to predict the response of individual patients with cancer to these drugs. In the present study, six cell lines were compared by 2D DIGE proteomics to investigate cellular resistance to the class of MIAs known as microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSA). The human lung cancer cell line A549 was compared with two drug-resistant daughter cell lines, a taxol-resistant cell line (AT12) and an epothilone B (EpoB)-resistant cell line (EpoB40). The ovarian cancer cell line Hey was compared with two drug-resistant daughter cell lines, an EpoB-resistant cell line (EpoB8) and an ixabepilone-resistant cell line (Ixab80). All 2D DIGE results were validated by Western blot analyses. A variety of cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins were differentially expressed in drug-resistant cells. Differential abundance of 14-3-3σ, galectin-1 and phosphorylation of stathmin are worthy of further studies as candidate predictive biomarkers for MSAs. This is especially true for galectin-1, a β-galactose-binding lectin that mediates tumor invasion and metastasis. Galectin-1 was greatly increased in EpoB- and ixabepilone-resistant cells and its suppression caused an increase in drug sensitivity in both drug-sensitive and -resistant Hey cells. Furthermore, the growth medium from resistant Hey cells contained higher levels of galectin-1, suggesting that galectin-1 could play a role in resistance to MSAs.
Some Unusual Small-Subunit Ribosomal RNA Sequences of Metazoans

The SSU rRNA gene is one of the most widely utilized loci for phylogenetic inference among eukaryotic organisms. Although they have an average length of 1800 to 1900 bp, several unusually large 18S rDNA sequences have been reported. After examining GenBank sequences and 180 new 18S rRNA sequences from several metazoan groups, we report many other extraordinary sequences ranging between ca. 1350 bp (in symphylan myriapods) to ca. 3300 bp (in some strepsipteran insects). Myriapods are particularly interesting, having independently evolved extraordinary sequences in the four classes (Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda). An insertion event of ca. 300 bp has been detected in all but the most basal family of geophilomorphan centipedes. Other major insertions are also found in other arthropod groups, in onychophorans, molluscs, chaetognaths, echinoderms, and parasitic platyhelminths. The use of information derived from secondary structure predictions combined with a new method to analyze DNA sequence data without multiple sequence alignments is proposed as a solution for analyzing sequence data that possess alternatively conservative and variable regions, such as ribosomal genes.
Diffraction properties of momentum-mismatched gratings in photorefractive media

We consider the diffraction properties of index gratings in photorefractive media, assuming an arbitrary momentum mismatch (Bragg mismatch). The incident and diffracted waves interact inside the photorefractive medium to form a new index grating that is exactly Bragg matched by the two beams. The original grating with the momentum mismatch can be either fixed or photorefractive. Both transient and steady-state responses in the two cases are analyzed. The results are presented and discussed.
Nanoceria – Energetics of Surfaces, Interfaces and Water Adsorption

The surface and interface enthalpies of CeO2 were studied by high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry combined with water adsorption calorimetry. The surface enthalpies of the hydrated and anhydrous surfaces are 0.86 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.02 J/m2, respectively. The water adsorption enthalpies are similar for nano and bulk ceria; for the nano ceria the integral adsorption enthalpy for chemisorbed water relative to water vapor is −59.82 ± 0.74 kJ/mol with coverage of 8.79 ± 0.39 H2O/nm2 and for the bulk it is −61.69 ± 1.26 kJ/mol with coverage of 8.15 ± 0.66 H2O/nm2. The interfacial enthalpy is 0.81 ± 0.14 J/m2. The obtained energies are in good agreement with reported data from atomistic simulations and less direct experimental determinations.
A genetic algorithm for channel routing in vlsi circuits

A new genetic algorithm for channel routing in the physical design process of VLSI circuits is presented. The algorithm is based on a problem-specific representation scheme and problem-specific genetic operators. The genetic encoding and our genetic operators are described in detail. The performance of the algorithm is tested on different benchmarks, and it is shown that the results obtained using the proposed algorithm are either qualitatively similar to or better than the best published results.
Metagenomic analysis of double-stranded DNA viruses in healthy adults

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was undertaken with the goal of defining microbial communities in and on the bodies of healthy individuals using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing analysis. The viruses present in these microbial communities, the `human virome,’ are an important aspect of the human microbiome that is particularly understudied in the absence of overt disease. We analyzed eukaryotic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, together with dsDNA replicative intermediates of single-stranded DNA viruses, in metagenomic sequence data generated by the HMP. We studied 706 samples from 102 subjects were studied, with each subject sampled at up to five major body habitats: nose, skin, mouth, vagina, and stool. Fifty-one individuals had samples taken at two or three time points 30 to 359 days apart from at least one of the body habitats. We detected an average of 5.5 viral genera in each individual. At least one virus was detected in 92% of the individuals sampled. These viruses included herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, anelloviruses, parvoviruses, and circoviruses. Each individual had a distinct viral profile, demonstrating the high interpersonal diversity of the virome. Some components of the virome were stable over time. This study is the first to use high-throughput DNA sequencing to describe the diversity of eukaryotic dsDNA viruses in a large cohort of normal individuals who were sampled at multiple body sites. Our results show that the human virome is a complex component of the microbial flora. Some viruses establish long-term infections that may be associated with increased risk or possibly with protection from disease. A better understanding of the composition and dynamics of the virome may hold important keys to human health.
Echinocandin Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the literature regarding the use of echinocandins to treat invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. in patients in the neonatal intensive care unit.DATA SOURCES:Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE (Jan 2000-September 2011) using the search terms echinocandin, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, and neonate with limits for age group (ie, birth to 1 month). Reference citations from identified articles were also reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Relevant information on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of echinocandins in neonates was selected. Prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series in English identified from MEDLINE were evaluated.DATA SYNTHESIS:Neonates, especially preterm neonates, have many risk factors that predispose them for invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. To date, the only antifungals recommended for use in neonates for treatment of candidiasis are amphotericin B (deoxycholate or a lipid formul...
Does antiviral medication for treating herpes simplex during pregnancy increase the risk of birth defects in offspring

Commentary on: B Pasternak, A Hviid. Use of acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. JAMA. 2010;304:859–66.
Piezoelectric properties of fine grain PZT materials

The piezoelectric properties of PZT materials were experimentally studied as a function of grain size (0.2 to 2.5 /spl mu/m) at low frequencies (<20 MHz) and vs. frequency (10 to 100 MHz) for a single fine grain size (1.0 /spl mu/m). The piezoelectric properties were shown to decrease with decreasing grain size below 0.7 /spl mu/m. The fine grain size properties vs. frequency were compared to commercially available materials. The new fine grain materials were found to be superior to commercial materials at very high frequencies. Also, it was possible to construct resonators of the new ceramics at much higher frequencies than was possible for the conventional materials.
Performance Enhancement in 45-nm Ni Fully-Silicided Gate/High-k CMIS Using Substrate Ion Implantation

High performance Ni-FUSI/HfSiON CMIS with suitable Vth in a wide Lg range is presented. This is accomplished by ion implantation to substrate and phase control of Ni-FUSI gate. Threshold voltage of NiSi-FUSI NMIS is controlled by nitrogen implantation, and that of Ni2Si-FUSI PMIS is controlled by fluorine implantation. It is demonstrated that N/F incorporation can realize 0.2-V-low |Vth|, high carrier mobility, and high reliability for both NMIS and PMIS. Drain current increases by 16% for NMIS and by 55% for PMIS compared with poly-Si/high-k CMIS. Substrate ion implantation engineering is promising for multi-Vth CMIS platform for 45-nm node and beyond
Cholesterol excretion and liver cholesterol in rats during early stages of orotic acid feeding.

The early effects of orotic add on the concentration of plasma cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids were examined. Feeding rats 1% orotic acid for a week resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesterol and an increase in liver cholesterol. The fecal excretion of bile adds and neutral sterols was decreased significantly (P < 0.02). This decreased the total sterol excretion (P < 0.01). In the bile there was a decrease in the concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid while an increase was observed in the concentration of β-muricholic acid.
Microstrip 180 degree phase shifter for ultra wideband applications

A microstrip 180deg phase shifter is presented for ultra wideband applications. The phase shifter consists of microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-microstrip transition. We used via holes to transfer the current from the top to the bottom substrate layer and vice versa. The proposed phase shifter is operating in a wide bandwidth between 5.5 and 17.2 GHz, with low insertion loss and reflection coefficients, and it has applications with ultra wideband phased arrays and power combiners.
Clonality: an R package for testing clonal relatedness of two tumors from the same patient based on their genomic profiles.

Summary: If a cancer patient develops multiple tumors, it is sometimes impossible to determine whether these tumors are independent or clonal based solely on pathological characteristics. Investigators have studied how to improve this diagnostic challenge by comparing the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at selected genetic locations of tumor samples, or by comparing genomewide copy number array profiles. We have previously developed statistical methodology to compare such genomic profiles for an evidence of clonality. We assembled the software for these tests in a new R package called ‘Clonality’. For LOH profiles, the package contains significance tests. The analysis of copy number profiles includes a likelihood ratio statistic and reference distribution, as well as an option to produce various plots that summarize the results. Availability: Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Clonality.html) and http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/13287.cfm. Contact: gro.ccksm@invortso
National Identity, Ideological Apparatus, or Panopticon? A Case Study of Chinese National Search Engine Jike

This article addresses a major gap in the Internet and policy literature by exploring the symbolic, social and political implications of Jike, China’s national search engine. Through a case study of Jike, we explore the implications of national search engines and national web studies. We demonstrate that semiotic and political economic perspectives could critically inform our understanding of complex information intermediaries. Semiotic analysis of Jike shows how Jike tried to tap into popular nationalism to strategically brand itself as friendly, high tech, and patriotic. A political economic analysis of Jike reveals the mechanisms through which a changing mode of state digital propaganda production attempts to use the market to subsidize the Party press’s digital infrastructures and “thought work.” The article also raises awareness of Jike’s potential surveillance capabilities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of national search engines for Internet policies.
Design computing and cognition: An introduction

The Third International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition was held at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, USA, on June 23-25, 2008. The main conference was preceded by seven workshops, including the Second Design Creativity Workshop organized by the Design Society’s Special Interest Group on Design Creativity, and a Doctoral Student Symposium sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. The conference proceedings were published by Springer (Gero & Goel 2008). This special issue of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing is based on papers presented at the conference and related workshops and symposia.
Is International Trade More Beneficial to Lower Income Economies? An Empirical Inquiry

Does the effect of international trade on income growth depend on the economy’s level of development? More specifically, is trade more beneficial to lower income economies? Does trade contribute to a smaller international income inequality? The present paper seeks to answer these questions by employing the empirical model of Frankel and Romer (1999), which shows trade increases income growth in a cross section of 150 countries. We find evidence in support of the hypothesis that international trade benefits the lower income economies more than it benefits the higher income economies. This finding is robust in the presence of control variables including distance from the equator and institutional quality.
Entrepreneurs, Profits, and Deserving Market Shares*

The question I wish to take up in this paper is whether competitive markets, as mechanisms that initiate the distribution of scarce goods, allocate those goods in accordance with what participants in those markets deserve. I want to argue that in general people do not in fact deserve what they get from market interactions, when “what they get” is determined by the competitive forces coming to bear on the market (the laws of supply and demand). This more general claim is meant to apply to all participants in the market (workers and their wages as well as capitalists and their profits). However, my strategy here is to focus on the particular case of the role of entrepreneurs, as I will define them, and whether they deserve the profits they reap in a competitive capitalist market. In particular, I will argue that the claim that entrepreneurs deserve their profits, when spelled out precisely, is indeed not plausible. Generalizing from this claim, I want to suggest how moral desert is inappropriate as a justification of market shares whenever competition determines the magnitude of those shares.I should stress, though, the particularity of my central claim: it is that “(strictly speaking) entrepreneurs do not (strictly speaking) deserve their (strictly speaking) profits.” This is not to say that, for other reasons (for example, reasons of entitlement or utility), people should not receive the rewards doled out by a market. My claim is only that desert has nothing directly to do with it.I am deviating significantly here from the usual strategy for denying the relevance of desert claims to principles of distributive justice.
Longitudinal Remote Follow-Up by Intelligent Conversational Agents for Post-Hospitalization Care

After a hospitalization, approximately 1 out of 5 patients will suffer from an adverse event, and one-third of these complications are preventable. Having a pharmacist follow-up with patients a few days after leaving the hospital has been shown to significantly reduce re-hospitalizations and adverse drug events. In this work, we describe our design for an Embodied Conversational Agent system for longitudinal, post-hospitalization follow-up. We discuss how best-practice follow-up interactions between patients and clinical pharmacists inform the design of our system, focusing on the strategies used by the pharmacist to detect and resolve issues that have occurred post-hospitalization.
Abstract 105: Downregulation Of Cardiac Na+ Channel In Myocardial Infarction Is Prevented By A Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidant

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ischemia on cardiac Na+ channel (Nav1.5) and possible treatments in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: MI was induced in 12-week old C57BL/6 mice by coronary artery occlusion. Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Two weeks following surgery, MI mice were either given a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoTEMPO (0.7 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally), or left untreated for two weeks. Cardiomyocytes isolated from the scar border of MI mice or from the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall of sham-operated mice were utilized for whole-cell patch clamp recording of Na+ currents (INa) and for measurements of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) using flow cytometry. Nav1.5 protein expression levels were determined in the LV from MI and sham-operated mice. Echocardiography was performed 2- and 4-weeks following MI. Results: The peak INa densities of the isolated LV cardiomyocytes were significantly lower (P<0.05) i...
Robust Signal Recovery From Distorted Nonlinear Sensor Data

In an attempt to facilitate the design and implementation of memory-less nonlinear sensors, the signal reconstruction schemes are analyzed and necessary modifications are proposed to improve the accuracy and minimize errors in sensor measurements. The problem of recovering chirp signal from the distorted nonlinear output is considered and an efficient reconstruction approach is developed. Model uncertainty is a serious issue with any model-based algorithms and a novel technique, which uses a norminal model instead of an accurate model and produces the results that are robust to model uncertainty, is proposed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Agricultural Intensification and Pest Outbreaks: A Reappraisal of Events in the Sudan Gezira

Pest control crises in agricultural systems often have been attributed to either direct or indirect effects of pesticide use and less frequently to the underlying cropping structure and environment. As an example of intensive, high-input agriculture, the Gezira Irrigation Scheme in Sudan and the pest crises that occurred there in the late 1970s are drawn upon to examine 2 principal arguments that have frequently been invoked to explain causes of pest outbreaks in crops. Both arguments considered pesticides to have been the principle inducers of the pest crises in the Sudan Gezira, but differed in their evaluation of the responsible mechanisms. One argument considered that pesticides indirectly led to the depletion of natural enemies and the concomitant rise in pest status of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), whereas the other argued that pesticides directly affected B. tabaci populations through fertility stimulation and resistance to insecticides. A 3rd argument is submitted herein to suggest that rising pest problems occurred in conjunction with a program of agricultural intensification and diversification that took place in the Gezira from the late 1950s through the late 1970s. This process began with crop intensification, was followed by favorable changes in agronomic practices from the standpoint of a crop pest, and together led to increasing densities of pests responding to significant improvements in the environment. Finally, management reacted to the pest surge by increasing the number of spray applications and types of insecticides used. Dramatic changes in the crop environment are viewed as having given rise to pest populations that were intrinsically capable of exploiting an expanded, improved resource base and that ultimately exceeded the inherent limitations of pesticides to effectively manage their populations.
Fast, Ad Hoc Query Evaluations over Multidimensional Geospatial Datasets

Networked observational devices and remote sensing equipment continue to proliferate and contribute to the accumulation of extreme-scale datasets. Both the rate and resolution of the readings produced by these devices have grown over time, exacerbating the issues surrounding their storage and management. In many cases, the sheer scale of the information being maintained makes timely analysis infeasible due to the computational workloads required to process the data. While distributed solutions provide a scalable way to cope with data volumes, the communication and latency involved when inspecting large portions of an overall dataset limit applications that require frequent or rapid responses to incoming queries. This study investigates the challenges associated with providing approximate or exploratory answers to distributed queries. In many situations, this requires striking a balance between response times and error rates to produce meaningful results. To enable these use cases, we outline several expressive query constructs and describe their implementation; rather than relying on summary tables or pre-computed samples, our solution involves a coarse-grained global index that maintains statistics and models the relationships across dimensions in the dataset. To illustrate the benefits of these techniques, we include performance benchmarks on a real-world dataset in a production environment.
Effectiveness of different seed baits and baiting methods for wireworms (Coleoptera : Elateridae) in sweetpotato

Several baits and baiting techniques were compared in fields of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., for sampling wireworms of different species: Conoderus scissus Schaeffer, C. rudis (Brown), C. amplicollis (Gyllenhal), and C. falli Lane. The baits were seeds of com, wheat, a corn–wheat mixture, rape, cowpea, sorghum, and triticale. These baits were compared with nonbaited soil samples. The relative performance of different baits varied with condition of the baits and length of exposure. The com-wheat mixture attracted more wireworms than the other baits. In the baits, significantly more wireworms were found in the 0–10-cm profile than in the 10–20 and 20–30-cm profiles. No definite relationship was observed between kind of seed bait and wireworm species. Baits removed 1wk after emergence contained significantly more wireworms than similar baits removed 2 and 3 wk after emergence in fields dominated by C. scissus and C. amplicollis. In a field dominated by C. rudis, more wireworms were found following increased exposure of the bait. Bait plants were equally effective following placement in the field at either 1 or 2 wk after germination. Two-week-old bait plants were less effective except the corn–wheat mixture, which was equally effective 3 wk after germination.
An Alternate Technique for Removal of Stone Lodged at the Ureterovesical Junction

AbstractAn alternate technique for removal of a stone lodged at the ureterovesical junction is presented.
Fractional modeling of viscoelasticity in 3D cerebral arteries and aneurysms

We develop efficient numerical methods for fractional order PDEs, and employ them to investigate viscoelastic constitutive laws for arterial wall mechanics. Recent simulations using one-dimensional models 1 have indicated that fractional order models may offer a more powerful alternative for modeling the arterial wall response, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to parametric uncertainties compared with the integer-calculus-based models. Here, we study three-dimensional (3D) fractional PDEs that naturally model the continuous relaxation properties of soft tissue, and for the first time employ them to simulate flow structure interactions for patient-specific brain aneurysms. To deal with the high memory requirements and in order to accelerate the numerical evaluation of hereditary integrals, we employ a fast convolution method 2 that reduces the memory cost to O ( log ź ( N ) ) and the computational complexity to O ( N log ź ( N ) ) . Furthermore, we combine the fast convolution with high-order backward differentiation to achieve third-order time integration accuracy. We confirm that in 3D viscoelastic simulations, the integer order models strongly depends on the relaxation parameters, while the fractional order models are less sensitive. As an application to long-time simulations in complex geometries, we also apply the method to modeling fluid-structure interaction of a 3D patient-specific compliant cerebral artery with an aneurysm. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that fractional calculus can be employed effectively in modeling complex behavior of materials in realistic 3D time-dependent problems if properly designed efficient algorithms are employed to overcome the extra memory requirements and computational complexity associated with the non-local character of fractional derivatives.
Dynamic Simulation of Fixed‐Bed Chemical‐Looping Combustion Reactors Integrated in Combined Cycle Power Plants

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a promising and efficient method for power generation with in situ CO2 capture. In this work, we focus on high-pressure fixed-bed CLC reactors integrated with combined cycle (CC) power plants. Specifically, the dynamic nature of fixed-bed chemical-looping reactors and the many kinetically controlled reactions necessitate the use of dynamic modeling to evaluate power plant performance, efficiency, stability, and feasibility under transient operation. We present a dynamic model for an integrated CLC–CC power plant and transient analyses of the integrated plant performance. A network of dynamically operated fixed-bed reactors fed with natural gas comprises the CLC plant component. A dynamic model is developed and tuned to match the performance of a commercial combined cycle power plant. The transient variations of the integrated plant in terms of power, temperature, and pressure profiles are presented. The simulation results show that despite the inherent batch-type operation of the CLC reactor, the operation of the combined cycle is relatively unaffected, and there are small oscillations of approximately 2 % around the desired steady-state conditions.
Primary Care Appointment Availability for Medicaid Patients: Comparing Traditional and Premium Assistance Plans

BACKGROUND Arkansas and Iowa received waivers from the federal government in 2014 to use federal Medicaid expansion funding to enroll beneficiaries in commercial insurance plans on the Marketplaces. One key hypothesis of these "private option" or "premium assistance" programs was that Medicaid beneficiaries would experience increased access to care. In this study, we compare new patient primary care appointment availability and wait-times for beneficiaries of traditional Medicaid and premium assistance Medicaid. METHODS Trained field staff posing as patients, randomized to traditional Medicaid or Marketplace plans, called primary care practices seeking new patient appointments in Arkansas and Iowa in May to July 2014. All calls were made to offices that previously indicated being in-network for the plan. Offices were drawn randomly, within insurance type, based on the county proportion of the population with each insurance type. We calculated appointment rates and wait-times for new patients for traditional Medicaid and Marketplace plans. RESULTS In Arkansas, Marketplace appointment rates were 27.2 percentage points higher than traditional Medicaid appointment rates (83.2% compared with 55.5%, P<0.001), while in Iowa, Marketplace appointment rates were 12.0 percentage points higher (86.3% compared with 74.3%, P<0.001). Conditional on receiving an appointment, median wait-times were roughly 1 week in each state without significant differences by insurance type. CONCLUSIONS The experiences of Arkansas and Iowa suggest that enrolling Medicaid beneficiaries into Marketplace plans may lead to higher primary care appointment availability for new patients at participating providers. Further research is needed on whether premium assistance programs affect quality and continuity of care, and at what cost.
TakeCARE, a Video Bystander Program to Help Prevent Sexual Violence on College Campuses: Results of Two Randomized, Controlled Trials.

Objective The present research reports on two randomized controlled trials evaluating TakeCARE, a video bystander program designed to help prevent sexual violence on college campuses. Method In Study 1, students were recruited from psychology courses at two universities. In Study 2, first-year students were recruited from a required course at one university. In both studies, students were randomly assigned to view one of two videos: TakeCARE or a control video on study skills. Just before viewing the videos, students completed measures of bystander behavior toward friends and ratings of self-efficacy for performing such behaviors. The efficacy measure was administered again after the video, and both the bystander behavior measure and the efficacy measure were administered at either one (Study 1) or two (Study 2) months later. Results In both studies, students who viewed TakeCARE, compared to students who viewed the control video, reported engaging in more bystander behavior toward friends and greater feelings of efficacy for performing such behavior. In Study 1, feelings of efficacy mediated effects of TakeCARE on bystander behavior; this result did not emerge in Study 2. Conclusions This research demonstrates that TakeCARE, a video bystander program, can positively influence bystander behavior toward friends. Given its potential to be easily distributed to an entire campus community, TakeCARE might be an effective addition to campus efforts to prevent sexual violence.
Jamming and advanced modular-based blind rendezvous algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks

Modular-based channel hopping (CH) rendezvous algorithms can provide guaranteed rendezvous for Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) without time synchronization or Common Control Channels (i.e., blind rendezvous). Recently, the Enhanced Jump-Stay (EJS) scheme [13] has been proposed that decreases the Maximum Time To Rendezvous (MTTR) and the Expected Time To Rendezvous (ETTR) for users with a different number of channels (asymmetric). We develop a Symmetric Channel Detecting Jamming (SCDJ) attack and a novel probabilistic Asymmetric Channel Detecting Jamming (ACDJ) attack that dramatically decrease the rendezvous success rates of EJS. Our simulation results show that ACDJ significantly reduces the rendezvous probability of the asymmetric EJS scheme. We analyze the Random rendezvous scheme for the asymmetric model and show it vastly outperforms asymmetric EJS under ACDJ. We also developed the Random Enhanced Jump Stay (REJS) rendezvous that guarantees MTTR, significantly decreases the Expected Time To Rendezvous (ETTR) of EJS, and, due to the random part, appears to be resistant to channel detecting jamming attacks. REJS appears to be uniformly better than EJS with major performance improvements and significantly smaller theoretical ETTR upper-bounds and similar positive simulation results.
A Method for Dynamic Configuration of a Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radios offer a broad range of opportunities for improving the use and utilization of radio frequency spectrum, and they also offer a host of exciting prospects in networking research. This includes the creation of radio networks that can reconfigure their operation based on application requirements, policy updates and environmental conditions. Such reconfiguration requires an understanding of cross-layer interactions within the network protocol stack. It also requires the development of algorithms to determine when such reconfigures should be made, and additionally, the potential impacts of these changes on the radio network. In this article, we describe how cognitive radios can be used to create dynamic wireless networks. Such networks can quickly adapt to the needs of users as well as to changes in the environment. We describe how parameters at the application, physical, data link and network layers interact and how desirable configurations of these parameters can be determined. We then describe a technique that uses these configurations in the creation of an adaptive model for a cognitive radio. "The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government."
Reinvestigation of the Unimolecular Reactions of CHF2CHF2: Identification of the 1,1-HF Elimination Component from Addition of :CFCHF2 to trans-2-Butene.

The recombination of ·CHF2 radicals in a room-temperature bath gas was used to generate CHF2CHF2* (where * indicates vibrational excitation) molecules with 96 kcal mol–1 of vibrational energy. The CHF2CHF2* molecules decompose by four-centered 1,2-HF elimination and by three-centered 1,1-HF elimination reactions to give HF and either CHF═CF2 or :CFCHF2, respectively. The 1,1-HF component was identified by trapping the :CFCHF2 carbene with trans-2-butene that forms 1-fluoro-1-difluoromethyl-2,3-dimethylcyclopropane. The total rate constant for the decomposition of CHF2CHF2* was 6.0 × 105 s–1, and the rate constant for the 1,1-HF pathway forming the carbene, as measured by the 1-fluoro-1-difluoromethyl-2,3-dimethylcyclopropane yield, was 1.4 × 105 s–1. On the basis of matching the experimental rate constants to calculated statistical rate constants, the threshold energies for the four-centered and three-centered reactions are 78 and ≤85 kcal mol–1, respectively.
Synthetic inertia and small signal instability

Methods to modify power system dynamics through the addition of synthetic inertia have gained increasing research attention over the past several years. Many researchers justify this focus by implicitly assuming that adding inertia increases a system's stability, and only focusing on the frequency nadir as a measure of performance. In this paper, we draw attention to the fact that adding synthetic inertia to a power system may not always increase the system stability when considering overall small signal behavior. We apply two different sets of dynamic parameters to the generators in the IEEE 14-bus test system and show an example in which increasing synthetic inertia exercised through loads may lead to problematic instabilities.
Taxometric analyses of higher-order personality domains☆

Abstract The “big five” taxonomy, also called the five factor model, is a framework for personality that is ubiquitous in the literature of psychology. This organization is composed of five personality domains, Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Conscientiousness (C), Openness to Experience (O), and Agreeableness (A). The accepted, but largely unexamined, assumption is that these personality domains are traits with dimensional latent structures. We carried out taxometric analyses on the five core domain because there have been no comprehensive latent structural analyses of all five and because the practice of discretizing continuous “big five” data is not uncommon. Data were from three large (Ns = 857, 1280, and 9935) undergraduate and community samples that competed one of three different measures of the “big five” (BFI, NEO PI-R, or Big Five Factor Inventory). Generally, results supported dimensional latent structures for each of the five domains and were largely convergent across measures and samples. We discuss the importance of empirically validating the underlying structure of these personality traits and the implications and importance that our findings have for personality and psychopathology.
Coffee Shops and Street Stops: Policing Practices in Gentrifying Neighborhoods:

This article presents an empirical analysis of the postindustrial policing hypothesis, which argues that as cities pursue growth strategies designed to appeal to members of the so-called “creative ...
A Review of "Homeownership and America's financial underclass: flawed premises, broken promises and new prescriptions", Edited by Mechele Dickerson

In 1905, philosopher George Santayana wrote the now famous words: ‘those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it’ (Santayana, 1905). In the aftermath of the collapse of the American...
Habitual Desire: On Kant’s Concept of Inclination

Tamar Schapiro has offered an important new ‘Kantian’ account of inclination and motivation, one that expands and refines Christine Korsgaard’s view. In this article I argue that Kant’s own view differs significantly from Schapiro’s. Above all, Kant thinks of inclinations as dispositions, not occurrent desires; and he does not believe that they stem directly from a non-rational source, as she argues. Schapiro’s ‘Kantian’ view rests on a much sharper distinction between the rational and non-rational parts of the soul. In the process of explaining these (and other) differences, I argue that Kant’s own view is in some respects philosophically superior to Schapiro’s.
Sentiment Analysis of an Online Breast Cancer Support Group: Communicating about Tamoxifen.

ABSTRACTA better understanding of the breast cancer online narrative is important for a clearer conceptualizing of the role of online platforms in mediating health-related support. Sentiment analysis was conducted on a breast cancer online support group regarding Tamoxifen to understand users’ emotions and opinions. This analysis was then contextualized within online social support literature. Out of the 498 users, the most active users were 80% more positive than least active users, while least active users were 48% more negative than most active ones; both differences were statistically significant. The higher the stage of cancer a user had, the less likelihood that she would have posted, and if she were to post, the post would have focused on her side effects and the anxiety/sadness that tailgates those side effects. The lower the stage of cancer a user had, the more likelihood that she would have posted, additionally remained active on the forum, and encouraged more (online) social support. This findi...
Preparation and Physical Properties of Asymmetric Model Membrane Vesicles

Model biomembrane vesicles composed of lipids have been widely used to investigate the principles of membrane assembly and organization. A limitation of these vesicles has been that they do not mimic the transbilayer lipid asymmetry seen in many natural membranes, most notably the asymmetry in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Recently, a number of approaches have been developed to prepare asymmetric membranes and study their properties. This review describes methods to prepare asymmetric model membranes, and the physical properties of asymmetric lipid vesicles. Emphasis is placed on the vesicles prepared by cyclodextrin-catalyzed exchange, which has proven to be a versatile and powerful tool, including for studies manipulating lipid asymmetry in living cells.
A memory-efficient sparse direct solver with applications in CEM

A memory-efficient exact arithmetic direct solution method for sparse linear systems arising from the Finite Element Method (FEM) is outlined. The proposed method is based on a novel symmetric domain decomposition method (DDM) with one set of Lagrange multipliers that is applicable to a large class of methods arising from the Galerkin partial differential equations (PDEs). Comparisons with state-of-the-art exact direct solvers on several electrically large problems suggest up to 8 times memory improvement, while remining competitive in runtime, and achieving the same accuracy (more than 12 correct digits).