cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an internal element in turnip crinkle virus RNA involved in both coat protein binding and replication

Abstract The major coat-protein-binding element of turnip crinkle virus RNA was previously mapped in the region of the UAG termination codon in the viral polymerase gene. This region encompasses two of the high-affinity coat-protein-binding sites (Fa and Ff) that we suggested were physically associated in a stem-loop in a ribonucleoprotein complex involved in assembly initiation (Wei, Heaton, Morris, and Harrison, J. Mol. Biol . 214, 85–95, 1990). We have also demonstrated that this RNA element was capable of specific coat protein binding in vitro (Wei and Morris, J. Mol. Biol . 222, 437–443, 1991). We now provide physical evidence, by in vitro chemical and enzymatic probing of the viral RNA, that support the suggestion that the two coat-protein-binding sites base pair to form a stem structure (A/F stem) surrounding the UAG terminator in wild-type RNA. We have shown here that a mutant with seven conservative nucleotide substitutions in Fa does not accumulate to detectable levels in plants or protoplasts and that the A/F stem structure is drastically altered in this mutant. We suggest that the primary effect of this mutation is on replication rather than on a reduction in RNA stability resulting from a defect in encapsidation of the virion RNA because previous results have shown that encapsidation-deficient mutants have little or no effect on viral RNA replication (Hacker, Petty, Wei, and Morris, Virology 186, 1–8, 1992). The analysis of the A/F stem was extended by construction and characterization of a series of mutants and revertants that displayed variable levels of replication deficiency but minimal concomitant defect in encapsidation efficiency. The extent of the replication defect correlated with the predicted destabilization of the A/F stem structure. We conclude from these results that this RNA element is involved in viral replication, and we tentatively suggest that the A/F stem structure may be functionally involved in the readthrough translation of the viral polymerase.
Anatomy of Lumbar Interspinous Ligaments: Attachment, Thickness, Fibre Orientation and Biomechanical Importance

La literatura relacionada con el estudio del ligamento interespinoso en la region lumbar es escasa. Pocos estudios han permitido comprender la orientacion de las fibras de este ligamento en diferentes niveles lumbares. Fueron disecados cadaveres de 19 hombres 6 y mujeres para exponer los ligamentos interespinosos debajo de las vertebras lumbares. La union de las fibras y su direccion se observo en todos los espacios interespinosos lumbares. El grosor de los ligamentos se midieron en todos los niveles. Las fibras del ligamento interespinoso se encontro orientada de manera diferente en los espacios lumbares interespinosos. En los dos espacios superiores las fibras eran mas horizontales. En los dos espacios centrales (por debajo de L3 y L4) las fibras se curvaban y extendian postero-superiormente. Las fibras eran mas gruesas en los ligamentos de los espacios inferiores en comparacion con los superiores. La media de espesor presentada por region fue: Alta (0,22 mm), Medio (0,37 mm) y L5-S1 (0,72 mm). Los ligamentos en mujeres fueron ligeramente mas delgados. Tambien se observo que las fibras de los ligamentos interespinosas se adhieren a las superficies internas del ligamento supraespinoso. La union de los ligamentos en L5-S1 eran relativamente mas verticales y robustas. En ningun caso se observo ausencia o cavitaciones de los ligamentos, excepto en un caso con ligamento bilaminar a nivel L3-L4. La anatomia de los ligamentos interespinosos senala su probable rol en la restriccion de la flexion aguda en la columna lumbar.
Using Indices in Environmental Planning: Evaluating Policies for Wellfield Protection

An important task in environmental planning is interpretation of data. Indicators, statistics or other measures of conditions or performance often are used to simplify complex data sets and to facilitate plan-making and policy development. With increased need to stretch scarce resources for environmental protection and to target activities that pose the greatest risk, there is significant new interest in the development of indicators and indices. General frameworks are available for describing both the structure of indices and different descriptive or analytic approaches in which they can be used. This paper describes the use of environmental indicators in planning for wellfield protection in Indianapolis, Indiana. Advisory committees used indicators of development activity, indices of chemical risk and an index of the desirability of management alternatives in developing a set of recommendations for groundwater protection that were adopted by the city-county council. While the indices were not incorporat...
Modulation of insulin-like growth factor-I: A specific role for vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine if the impairment in growth and weight gain observed with thiamine deficiency is associated with alterations in plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Male rats were fed a thiamine-deficient (TD) or pair-fed a nutritionally complete (C) purified diet for either 2 or 6 weeks. There was no difference in weight gain between TD and C animals at 2 weeks. Thereafter, weight gain for the two groups diverged and was 35% lower in the TD than in C rats after 6 weeks. The blood total thiamine concentration was reduced by 76% and more than 90% at 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. Although the percent of total thiamine in the pyrophosphate form was not changed in the TD group (35 to 38%), the thiamine monophosphate (TMP) form was not detectable by 6 weeks and the percent in thianine measured as its mononitrate (TMN) form had increased from 25% in control rats to 62% after 6 weeks on the TD diet. Plasma growth hormone levels were similarly reduced after 2 and 6 weeks (70 to 85%) on the TD diet. In TD rats, plasma IGF-I was decreased 28% (2 weeks).and 40% (6 weeks). Tissue IGF-I content of TD rats decreased at 2 and 6 wk in kidney (62% and 60%), liver (30% and 54%), muscle (21% and 52%), brain (41% and 56%), and pituitary (40% and 42%). Plasma levels of IGF binding proteins ( BP - 1 2 , PB-3, and a small molecular weight BP [28 kDa]) of TD rats were decreased approximately 65% at 2 weeks and remained reduced at 6 weeks. The depression of the IGF system in TD at 2 weeks was not associated with changes in either plasma insulin or corticosterone concentrations; at 6 weeks, however, insulin was reduced by 30% and corticosterone increased by 90%. These results suggest a role for thiamine in the modulation of the IGF system, which is independent of changes in caloric intake and changes in the plasma concentration of insulin or corticosterone.
The IBM Blue Gene/Q Interconnection Fabric

This article describes the IBM Blue Gene/Q interconnection network and message unit. Blue Gene/Q is the third generation in the IBM Blue Gene line of massively parallel supercomputers and can be scaled to 20 petaflops and beyond. For better application scalability and performance, Blue Gene/Q has new routing algorithms and techniques to parallelize the injection and reception of packets in the network interface.
Cognitive neurobiology: a computational hypothesis for laminar cortex

This paper outlines the functional capacities of a novel scheme for cognitive representation and computation, and it explores the possible implementation of this scheme in the massively parallel organization of the empirical brain. The suggestion is that the brain represents reality by means of positions in suitably constitutes phase spaces; and the brain performs computations on these representations by means of coordinate transformations from one phase space to another. This scheme may be implemented in the brain in two distinct forms: (1) as a “phase-space sandwich”, which may explain certain laminar structures, such as cerebral cortex and the superior colliculus; and (2) as a “neural matrix”, which may explain other structures, such as the beautifully orthogonal architecture of the cerebellum.
Genomic organization of the human FXYD2 gene encoding the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase.

Although the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase has only 66 or 68 amino acids, its human gene (FXYD2) was found to span 9.2 kb and have seven exons, including two alternatively spliced exons encoding different N-termini. Two candidate promoters with consensus sites for transcription factors Sp1, AP-1, and AP-2 are present, consistent with independent transcription of the splice variants. Multiple ESTs support the transcriptional competence of the identified gene elements. In the FXYD2 gene, there are two closely spaced polyadenylation signals, and both are used. A proposed third splice variant encoding a 31-residue N-terminal extension was not found in the gene, nor was the predicted larger protein found in human kidney Na,K-ATPase. Instead, evidence was found for the origin of the larger cDNA clone in homologous recombination with unrelated DNA from chromosome 2. FXYD2 is on chromosome 11q23 close to a site of tumorigenic chromosomal translocations, and has a number of repeat elements.
Treatment of Bone Metastases and Bone Pain with Bisphosphonates

Many solid tumors metastasize to bone, leading to debilitating skeletal complications such as intractable bone pain and pathologic fractures. Patients who experience a skeletal-related event (SRE) are at higher risk for subsequent events. After an SRE such as a pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, or the requirement for orthopedic surgery or palliative radiation therapy, a patient's quality of life and functional independence could decline substantially. Prevention or delay of skeletal complications provides clinical benefit to patients with bone metastases secondary to solid tumors. Treatment for the prevention of the first SRE might substantially improve patients' quality of life, functional independence, and pain throughout the course of their disease. Bisphosphonates have shown a palliative benefit in this setting. In particular, zoledronic acid is the only bisphosphonate that has provided benefits for patients with bone metastases secondary to a broad range of solid tumors. Among patients with metastatic breast or prostate cancer, zoledronic acid has demonstrated significant reductions in pain and skeletal morbidity compared with placebo. Zoledronic acid has also shown significant reductions in skeletal morbidity in patients with lung cancer or other solid tumors compared with placebo. Pamidronate, oral clodronate, and ibandronate compared with placebo have each shown significant benefits in reductions of pain and skeletal complications for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Further improvements in the management of skeletal health in patients with malignant bone disease could be achieved through ongoing bisphosphonate investigations to optimize dose, timing, and duration of treatment.
EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSIFICATION AND THE ORIGIN OF THE DIVERSITY–ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP

Global patterns in species richness have resisted explanation since they first caught the attention of ecologists in the 1960s. The failure of ecology to fully integrate the diversity issue into its core of accepted wisdom derives from an inappropriate concept of community and the rejection of history and region as formative contexts for ecological systems. Traditionally, ecologists have held that the pervasive relationship between species richness and conditions of the physical environment reflects the influence of environment on the ability of populations to coexist locally. However, many ecologists now recognize that this relationship can also develop historically from the evolutionary diversification of lineages within and between ecological zones. To assess the relative roles of local ecological constraint vs. regional and historical unfolding of diversity-environment relationships, we must abandon localized concepts of the community and adopt historical (particularly phylogenetic) and geographic methods to evaluate the evolution of diversity within large regions and its influence on diversity at local scales. This integrated perspective opens new research directions for ecologists to explore the formation of species, adaptive diversification, and the adjustment of ecological distributions of species on regional scales.
Controls on carbon isotope fractionation by diatoms in the Peru upwelling region

The fractionation of carbon isotopes during photosynthesis by phytoplankton is quantified for samples of suspended material collected along two transects across the Peru continental margin in 1992. The magnitude of fractionation is estimated using the δ13C of 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (diatoms) and compared to that of C37.2 alkenone (haptophytes). Isotopic fractionation by diatoms exhibits a wide range and large scatter when plotted against the reciprocal of the concentration Of CO2(aq), while a strong correlation is observed for fractionation by alkenone-bearing haptophytes. Diatom growth rates, calculated from silicate concentrations and assuming Monod growth kinetics, normalized to [CO2(aq)] are well correlated to diatom fractionation factors. These results support the concept that growth rates, in addition to CO2 concentrations, impose a control on the fractionation of carbon isotopes by both taxonomic groups of algae. In addition, the very small fractionation factors for diatoms indicate that species in the Peru upwelling region employed mechanisms which actively transport inorganic carbon into cells. A size dependence is observed for the δ13C of the diatom sterol: 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol is enriched in 13C in samples of suspended material > 20 μm relative to the <20-μm fraction. This suggests that surface-area-to-volume ratios also impose a control on the fractionation of carbon isotopes by diatoms, a proposition that is supported by detailed cell geometry and isotopic data for two larger size fractions from one sample.
Multi-Period Asset Allocation Under Hidden Markovianly Driven Noises

Techniques of filtering and parameter reestimation of a general hidden Markov model are developed and applied to a discrete time multi-period asset allocation problem, where a commonly used mean-variance utility is considered and recursive calculation of an explicit optimal portfolio is provided. Our result is a generalization of that by Robert J. Elliott and John van der Hoek.
Nanoparticle-Membrane Interactions Studied with Lipid Bilayer Arrays

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored for use in biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, and recent studies have indicated that they are also cytotoxic and have significant interaction with lipid bilayer membranes. An understanding of the interactions between NPs and the cell membrane systems will help aid the design of NPs for beneficial applications and evaluate the cytotoxicity of environmental NPs. To study these interactions, we measured amine- and carboxyl-modified polystyrene NPs in arrays of 24-32 artificial lipid bilayers. The throughput possible with simultaneous electrical measurement of the bilayer arrays enabled study of NP/bilayer interactions while varying lipid composition, ionic strength, pH, voltage, and particle type. Our studies showed that amine-modified NPs interacted with bilayers whereas carboxyl-modified NPs did not. The interaction of the amine-modified NPs could be altered by changing the charge density on the bilayers, the ionic strength and pH.
Crystal field analysis of electron spin resonance of Er3+ in single crystal Pd

Abstract The full crystal field Hamiltonian for a rare earth ion in a cubic environment is applied to provide a detailed analysis or EPR of the Γ8(3) ground state quarter of Er3+ in Pd single crystal. The experimentally observed splitting of two of the resonances allows determination of the crystal field strength W = − .158K (±0.030). Previous analysis of this same data using an effective spin Hamiltonian for the Γ8(3) quarter could not account for the splitting.
XXX. Some experiments on artificial mirages and tornadoes

(1899). XXX. Some experiments on artificial mirages and tornadoes. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 47, No. 287, pp. 349-353.
Evaluation of a combined modelling-remote sensing method for estimating net radiation in a wetland: a case study in the Nebraska Sand Hills, U.S.A.

Close-range measurement combined with modelling of incoming radiation is used to evaluate the prospect of remotely-measuring net radiation of a wetland environment located in the Sand Hills of Nebraska. Results indicate that net radiation can be measured with an accuracy comparable to that of conventional instruments. Sources of error are identified and discussed. Possible application of the methodology to satellite remote sensing is considered.
Coping With AIDS

First reported in 1981, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has moved with remarkable rapidity from a previously unrecognized disorder to the subject of headline news.1 The number of case...
Optimal treatment allocation in comparative biomedical studies.

In clinical trials involving several treatment protocols, there are usually several objectives of different importance. A general method for finding an optimal design which reflects this practical need is discussed. In particular, we show that the graphical method of Cook and Wong can be applied when there are two objectives. Several illustrative examples are discussed, including multiple-objective designs for comparing several treatment groups with a placebo group.
Solutions for hypersonic viscous flow over delta wings

A conical Navier-Stokes solver is developed to study hypersonic flow over delta wings. The differencing scheme used is van Leer flux vector splitting with MUSCL differencing. A flux limiter which involves a second difference in pressure was found to provide sharp, nonoscillatory shocks in windward and leeward flow regions. The governing equations are cast in finite-volume form and are solved using an explicit multistage method. A von Neumann stability analysis of a one-dimensional flux split model is used to predict the stability characteristics of the conical solver. The stability behavior of the scheme is found to strongly depend on the stage coefficients of the multistage scheme and on the order of accuracy of the upwind discretization.
Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants: XI. Effect on NAA diffusion through the isolated tomato fruit cuticular membrane

The effect of a homologous series of octylphenoxy surfactants [2-{α-[4-(1, 1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxy]poly(2-ethoxy)}ethanol;«Triton-X» series], with five (TX-45), 9-10 (TX-100), 16 (TX-165) and 40 (TX-405) units of ethylene oxide (EO) on penetration of NAA [2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid] through enzymatically isolated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit cuticles was investigated. Surfactant effects on NAA flux were related to EO chain length and to surfactant concentration, compared on a basis relative to the critical micelle concentration (CMC, 2.5×CMC and CMC/2.5). At concentrations above the CMC, TX-45 and TX-100 increased NAA flux 2.5 and 1.5-fold, respectively, while TX-165 was without effect and TX-405 decreased NAA flux 0.7-fold
Transition from residency training to academia.

Anxious and depressive reactions during transitions from psychiatry residency to career settings have been reported. The authors describe difficulties encountered in their transition from psychiatry residency to academic psychiatry within the same program. Four stages of transition are described: Termination—a time of separation and grief over losses; Adjustment—a time of ambivalence and uncertainty; Identity Formation—a time of increased productivity and comfort; Consolidation—a time of accomplishment and compatibility of life goals. Women may additionally encounter gender-specific problems in entering a predominantly male profession. The development of supportive relationships within and outside work settings are viewed as the best methods of coping with transitional stress.
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Self-Injurious Behavior in Autism

Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) are common in individuals who have autism and related developmental disabilities. When an individual engages in SIB, these behaviors frequently become the primary treatment target because of the potential for injury. A thorough behavioral assessment aimed at determining the function of the behaviors is the first step to developing a treatment plan. This article presents a brief background of SIB and a discussion of the behavioral assessment and treatment of these behaviors to familiarize readers with the behavioral perspective on SIB in individuals who have autism and other developmental disabilities.
Transactivation of Latent Marek's Disease Herpesvirus Genes in QT35, a Quail Fibroblast Cell Line, by Herpesvirus of Turkeys

The QT35 cell line was established from a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (C. Moscovici, M. G. Moscovici, H. Jimenez, M. M. Lai, M. J. Hayman, and P. K. Vogt, Cell 11:95-103, 1977). Two independently maintained sublines of QT35 were found to be positive for Marek's disease virus (MDV)-like genes by Southern blotting and PCR assays. Sequence analysis of fragments of the ICP4, ICP22, ICP27, VP16, meq, pp14, pp38, open reading frame (ORF) L1, and glycoprotein B (gB) genes showed a strong homology with the corresponding fragments of MDV genes. Subsequently, a serotype 1 MDV-like herpesvirus, tentatively name QMDV, was rescued from QT35 cells in chicken kidney cell (CKC) cultures established from 6- to 9-day-old chicks inoculated at 8 days of embryonation with QT35 cells. Transmission electron microscopy failed to show herpesvirus particles in QT35 cells, but typical intranuclear herpesvirus particles were detected in CKCs. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the following QMDV transcripts were present in QT35 cells: sense and antisense meq, ORF L1, ICP4, and latency-associated transcripts, which are antisense to ICP4. A transcript of approximately 4.5 kb was detected by Northern blotting using total RNA from QT35 cells. Inoculation of QT35 cells with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) but not with uninfected CEF resulted in the activation of ICP22, ICP27, VP16, pp38, and gB. In addition, the level of ICP4 mRNA was increased compared to that in QT35 cells. The activation by HVT resulted in the production of pp38 protein. It was not possible to detect if the other activated genes were translated due to the lack of serotype 1-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Forecasting hurricane tracks using the Kalman filter

A case study applies state space models and the Kalman filter to forecasting the path of hurricanes. The track of a hurricane is forecast by using its previous motion together with the historical record of storms which follow a similar path. Criteria are described for selecting the predictor storms, which are then incorporated into the measurement equation of the state space model. Linear and quadratic trend structural time series models are used in the transition equation of the state space model and forecasts are produced using the Kalman filter. Forecasts are obtained for hurricanes Andrew (1992), Bob (1991), Hugo (1989) and Gilbert (1988). The Kalman filter approach compares very favourably with the HURRAN and CLIPER benchmark models used by the National Hurricane Center.
Noise reduction in holographic images

Abstract Coherent noise, including the speckle pattern, is supressed in images that are formed by holograms and reimaged by lenses. The excess bandwidth of the holograms and a moving grating are used to form a semicoherent image with reduced noise level.
Effect of uncooled inlet length and nozzle convergence angle on the turbulent boundary layer and heat transfer in conical nozzles operating with air.

Turbulent boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients for air in conical nozzles, noting uncooled inlet length and convergence angle effects
Seizures Accelerate Functional Integration of Adult-Generated Granule Cells

In humans and experimental animals, structural and functional changes in neural circuits can accompany the development of epilepsy. In the dentate gyrus, seizures enhance adult neurogenesis, but it is unclear to what extent newborn granule cells participate in seizure-induced synaptic reorganization. During the first weeks of their existence, mouse newborn granule cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein have only short dendrites that lack excitatory input. We report that pilocarpine-induced seizures accelerated the morphological development of labeled granule cells, causing their dendrites to extend through the molecular layer. In whole-cell recordings 5-16 d after seizure induction, perforant-path stimulation now evoked glutamatergic input to newborn granule cells. These synaptic responses were mediated by monosynaptic as well as recurrent polysynaptic input. Thus, seizures facilitated functional integration of adult-generated granule cells. One month later, subsequent generations of newborn cells also showed alterations in dendrite morphology, suggesting persistent effects of seizures on granule cell maturation. The sensitivity of newborn granule cells to seizures could contribute to hyperexcitability during the latent period.
The Subtropical Convergence and late Quaternary circulation in the southern Indian Ocean

Abstract The dominance of subpolar and subtropical planktonic foraminifera can be used to reliably identify the meridional position of the Subtropical Convergence (STC) in deep-sea sediments of the southern Indian Ocean. Application of these new faunal criteria show that the STC has moved less than 5° of latitude northward from its present location (38°–40°S) during glacial maxima of the last 500,000 years. The STC shifted slightly south of its present position during interglacial isotopic stages 7, 9, 11, and 13 but not during the last interglacial (stage 5). Accurate mapping of the STC position in past oceans enables a better understanding of circulation patterns and of the response of the subtropical gyre and subantarctic water mass to glacial-interglacial cycles during the late Quaternary.
Antisense to LOX-1 inhibits oxidized LDL-mediated upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and monocyte adhesion to human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Background—We have recently demonstrated a lectin-like receptor for oxidized (ox)-LDL (LOX-1) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). This receptor is upregulated by ox-LDL. The presen...
Suckle facilitation of feeding in selected adult dysphagic patients

The use of a valved feeding line and nipple is reported as an aid in reinstituting oral feeding in adults rendered dysphagic by composite resections or oral and submandibular structures. Suckle feeding procedures that have proven useful in these situations have also been applied with varying success to selected adults rendered dysphagic by neurological impairments. The success of preliminary investigations warrants further investigation of suckle feeding as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitative therapies. The armamentarium and training exercises employed in suckle feeding are described. The necessity for confirmatory cineradiographic or videofluoroscopic records of swallowing function is emphasized.
Parachlorophenylalanine--its three phase sequence of interactions with the two forms of brain tryptophan hydroxylase.

Abstract Tryptophan hydroxylase was studied in two discrete regions of rat brain: midbrain and septal areas. The selection of these regions was based upon the histochemical evidence (1) demonstrating a high concentration of serotonin cell bodies in the midbrain and serotonin nerve endings in the septal area, as well as our choice of these two regions as representative of the two forms of the enzyme (Fig. 1). This enzyme, rate-limiting in the biosynthesis of serotonin, appeared to be influence by PCPA in a linked series of temporarily related events following its acute administration: (1) Competition with substrate for entry into the nerve ending; (2)Reversible competitive inhibition of the enzyme for substrate; (3) Irreversible inhibition by incorporation into the enzyme during new protein synthesis in the cell body. The defective enzyme formed in the latter event was later seen in the nerve endings of the septal area due to a slow axonal transport of 1–2 mm/day. Since all three processes may decrease brain serotonin, it becomes important to establish the manner of action by which PCPA is operating at the time of studies of neurochemical mechanisms. Studies of this enzyme with drugs (2) or with steroid (3) which have been so characterized by conflictual reports (4), have not taken this sequence of mechanisms into consideration. It is possible that specific brain regions, subcellular fractions and/or time after drug manipulation become critical determinance of effects on the serotonin biosynthetic system in the brain.
Joint battlespace infosphere applications using collaborative enterprise environment technology

ABSTRACT The AFRL research programs for the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) and the Collaborative Enterprise Environment CEE) are the next steps in the evolution of information management from system-centric through network-centric to collaborative information-centric operations. JBI extends the concept of the network-centric system and provides capabilities for intelligent data transformation, information exchange, knowledge sharing, and processing. CEE is an open systems, agent-based, application indepe ndent framework that supports product and process modeling and resource workflow to facilitate advanced collaboration among geographically dispersed entities. This paper describes ongoing research efforts in applying distributed collaboration to JBI. The research addresses how CEE events can interact with JBIs publish and subscribe functionality and how a JBI subscription can trigger a CEE distributed resource workflow. The workflow processes the in formation, configures the data for collaboration between humans and other resources, and publishes the results of the collaboration back to JBI. A fully integrated CEE JBI environment allows near real-time data to be used in adva nced resource collaborations to bring the right information to the right user at the right time. Keywords: Collaborative Enterprise Environment, CEE, Joint Battlespace Infosphere, JBI, Java, Web Services, RMI
On a splitting problem

Abstract We show that any short exact sequence 0→K→Ω× C n →Ω× C m →0 of holomorphic vector bundles splits over a pseudoconvex open subset Ω of a Banach space which has a countable unconditional basis.
Localization of the Drosophila male accessory gland protein Acp36DE in the mated female suggests a role in sperm storage.

In many insect species, sperm transferred in a single mating are stored by the female in specialized organs and are gradually used to fertilize eggs. Thus, insects must have mechanisms to ensure that substantial numbers of sperm reach and become stored in the storage organs. We report here that a glycoprotein, Acp36DE, made by the accessory glands of Drosophila melanogaster males, shows localization in the mated female suggesting a role in sperm storage. In the mated female, Acp36DE associates with the wall of the oviduct, just anterior to the openings of the sperm storage organs. Acp36DE also associates with the leading edge of the sperm mass. It does not enter the hemolymph. Complete localization of Acp36DE in the mated female requires sperm and the presence of eggs in the ovaries. We hypothesize that Acp36DE, or a complex containing it, forms a barrier that “corrals” sperm near the openings to the sperm storage organs. Concentration of sperm here could facilitate their efficient storage. Acp36DE remains in the genital tract for several hours after mating, concurrent with the time that sperm are being stored. Facilitation of sperm storage by Acp36DE may also explain the previously observed effect of this protein on sperm competition.
Biopsy of men with PSA level of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL associated with favorable pathologic features and PSA progression rate: a preliminary analysis.

Abstract Objectives To compare the pathologic outcomes and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression rates of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy because of prostate cancers and whose cancer was detected at a PSA level of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL versus those with cancer detected after the PSA level rose to greater than 4.0 ng/mL. Some studies have suggested that clinically significant prostate cancer is detected more frequently in an organ-confined stage with a PSA level between 2.6 and 4.0 ng/mL than with a PSA level greater than 4 ng/mL. However, it is uncertain whether this will affect clinical outcomes. Methods From 1991 to 2001, 20,788 men enrolled in a prostate cancer screening study had an initial PSA level of less than 2.6 ng/mL. Of these patients, 523 had a PSA level that rose to greater than 2.5 ng/mL and had prostate cancer detected. Of the 297 patients who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy, 223 had a preoperative PSA level of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and 74 had a preoperative PSA level greater than 4.0 ng/mL. The median follow-up was 4 years. The pathologic stage, mean tumor volume, Gleason score, possibly insignificant cancer rate, possibly rapidly progressive cancer rate, and PSA progression rate were compared between the two groups. Results The patients with a preoperative PSA level between 2.6 and 4.0 ng/mL had more favorable pathologic outcomes in terms of cancer volume, pathologic stage, and possibly rapidly progressive cancer rate. The possibly insignificant cancer rates were not different between the groups. A trend was noted for patients with a preoperative PSA level between 2.6 and 4.0 ng/mL to have a lower PSA progression rate. Conclusions Biopsy in men with PSA levels between 2.6 and 4.0 ng/mL may detect clinically significant prostate cancer more frequently at an organ-confined stage, with a lower PSA progression rate. Additional study in a larger population with longer follow-up is needed to confirm this trend.
Size-fractionation of natural phytoplankton communities in nutrient bioassay studies

Application a l'etude des besoins nutritifs d'associations phytoplanctoniques provenant de 2 systemes ultraoligotrophiques, Californie et Oregon
The effects of sickling on ion transport. I. Effect of sickling on potassium transport.

The conversion of red cells of patients with sickle cell anemia (S-S) from biconcave disk to sickle shape by removal of oxygen was found to increase the fraction of medium trapped in cells packed by centrifugation from 0.036 (S.E. 0.003) to 0.106 (S.E. 0.004). The fraction of water in the cells (corrected for trapped medium) was not affected by this shape transformation. Cation transport, however, was changed profoundly. S-S cells incubated in N2 rather than O2 showed net K loss with acceleration of both influx and outflux. That this change in K transport was due to the process of sickling was indicated by (1) the persistence of the effect in the absence of plasma, (2) the absence of the effect in hypoxic S-S cells in which sickling was inhibited by alkali or carbon monoxide, (3) the reversal of the effect when sickling was reversed by exposure to O2, and (4) the independence of the effect from such potentially important factors as age of the cell population. The acceleration of K transport by sickling is probably mediated by modification of the cell surface rather than the cell interior since concentrated sickle hemoglobin solutions in O2 or N2 did not show selective affinity for K. In molecular terms, the effect of sickling on K transport can be explained by presuming that the shape change (1) opens pathways for the free diffusion of K, and (2) accelerates K transport by a non-diffusion carrier process. The evidence for the former mechanism included (a) dependence of K influx into sickled cells on the concentration of K in the medium, and (b) increase in the total cation content of sickled cells with increasing pH. Observations suggestive of a carrier process included (a) the failure of sickled cell K concentration to become equal to external K concentration even after 48 hours, (b) the deviation of the flux ratio from that characteristic of diffusion, and (c) the dependence of K influx on glycolysis.
Dynamic fault grouping for PROOFS: a win for large sequential circuits

This paper discusses the important role of fault grouping in a parallel 32-bit fault simulator such as PROOFS. Three algorithms are presented which dynamically order the fault list during fault simulation to determine how the faults get grouped together. The dynamic fault grouping algorithms were incorporated into PROOFS and tested on benchmark circuits. The algorithms showed a marked reduction in the number of faulty circuit gate evaluations (compared to a static fault grouping) for almost all of the circuits with more than 20 flip-flops. For the largest benchmark circuit, s35932, all of the algorithms showed at least a 39% reduction in the number of faulty circuit gate evaluations and at least a 55% speedup in simulation time.
Dimmable Solid State Ballast With Integral Capacitive Occupancy Sensor

This paper describes and demonstrates an LED lighting system with an integral capacitive sensor that can detect occupancy both lighted and in the dark, and a driver (“ballast”) that is dimmable over a wide range. Sensing in the dark is accomplished by taking advantage of the logarithmic relationship between LED voltage and current. The ballast uses an inductor pre-charge technique to maintain efficiency during dimming, while maintaining relevant parameters for quality of lighting (e.g., chromaticity/color cast).
Effect of Radiation Damage on Bwr Core-Shroud Cracking

A model is presented that estimates the effect of radiation damage on stress corrosion cracking (SCC), resulting from microstructural evolution induced by irradiation. The model is based on the Ford-Andresen film-rupture and slip-dissolution model and on the observation that the crack propagation rate increases as the material hardens. The model relates the neutron and gamma exposure to the irradiation hardening and consequent increase in the crack tip strain rate. A chemical rate theory model was employed to describe the evolution of microstructure in stainless steel leading to radiation hardening. The increase in yield stress can be correlated to an increase in the crack tip strain rate, and thus to SCC behavior. This approach was used to evaluate the effects of irradiation hardening on core shroud cracking. The results show that hardening can have a substantial effect on core shroud cracking.
Computer-Based Operant Behavioral System for Microwave Bioeffects Research

For the investigation of the interaction of microwave radiation (MWR) with physiologic processes, a means of exposing a large number of animals to uniform and quantifiable MWR dose rates is desired. The design and characteristics of such a system for operant behavioral studies using rats is described. Individual irradiation chambers composed of probe terminated waveguide sections operating at 1.3 GHz are used. All of the 16 active chambers are driven in parallel from a single source via a modulation insensitive hybrid power divider. An additional group of 16 nonenergized chambers provide for parallel controls. Each of the chambers includes provision for presentation of visual discriminative stimulus, detection of operant response, and delivery of food reward. These behavioral components are managed by an 8 bit microprocessor that provides the necessary speed, reliability, and flexibility at low per unit cost. The input/output interface is described briefly and a typical program flow diagram for schedule controiled conditioning sessions is given. The irradiation/behavioral system represents a novel approach to the study of microwave induced alterations in operant behavior and demonstrates the practicability of adapting inexpensive microprocessor components to the management of large operant behavioral systems.
Modesty, yes; Humility, no.

his case are areas in whichour stances ofpresentation are indeedimportant. The stance appropriate toeach may differ, however, dependinguponwhetheraprimaryconcern is thatofgaining access to a designated audi-ence, ofeffectively addressing an audi-enceafter havinggained that access, orofinteracting with non-behavioral col-leagues ona day-to-day basis. The ap-propriatestancealsomaydifferdepend-ing upon whether one's audience isuninformed, misinformed, or counter-informed regarding whatweare about.It follows that weneeda moreanalyticapproachtotheproblemsofgainingac-cess to various audiences and of ad-dressing those audienceseffectively.
Fondness makes the distance grow shorter: Desired locations seem closer because they seem more vivid

Do appealing locations seem nearer than unappealing locations merely because they are more desirable? We examine the possibility that people represent desirable locations as nearer than equidistant undesirable locations. In three studies, participants represented a variety of locations on a university campus (Study 1) and in the greater New York City area (Studies 2 and 3) as nearer the more positive they felt about those locations. The relationship between positivity and closeness was mediated by the tendency for participants to generate particularly vivid representations of the locations when they evaluated them more positively (Studies 2 and 3). We discuss the theoretical implications of these results for mental construal, motivated perception, and metacognition.
Introducing SIMULINK into a systems engineering curriculum

SIMULINK was recently introduced in the Systems Engineering major at the United States Naval Academy. SIMULINK is an environment for simulating linear/nonlinear dynamic systems. As an addition to MATLAB, SIMULINK extends MATLAB to include many features specific to the modeling and simulation of dynamic systems. SIMULINK has the same system requirements as MATLAB. SIMULINK also requires Microsoft Windows version 3.0 and supports only 386 enhanced mode. Microsoft Windows provides the graphics for SIMULINK and the 386 mode gives it the speed and memory required. >
Foraging success of parasitoid wasps on flowers: interplay of insect morphology, floral architecture and searching behavior

Intercropping with flowering herbaceous plants increases parasitoid survivorship, fecundity and retention and pest suppression in agroecosystems. Few studies, however, have examined the compatibility of parasitoid morphology and foraging ability with floral architecture. This study shows that floral architecture influences the selection of floral host resources used to provide nutrients to parasitoids in cropping systems. Parasitoid foraging performance was evaluated using real and artificial flowers which varied in degree of nectar accessibility for two eulophid parasitoids, Edovum puttleri Grissell and Pediobius foveolatus Crawford. Comparisons were made of searching performance on artificial flowers with nectars that were either scented (made from 1:1 honey-water solution) or scentless (made from 1 m sucrose solution) and differences in head widths were compared with corolla apertures. Our results showed a disparity in the ability of E. puttleri and P. foveolatus to gain access to nectar from particular types of floral architectures. E. puttleri fed efficiently only from flowers with exposed nectaries while P. foveolatus foraged efficiently from flowers having either exposed nectaries or nectaries partially obstructed by petals and stamens. Neither wasp species could forage on flowers with cup- or tube-shaped corollas because their heads are wider than the floral apertures. E. puttleri's foraging performance decreased as nectar inaccessibility increased in the artificial flowers, while P. foveolatus' foraging performance was uniform among the different artificial flowers. This indicates that E. puttleri has less propensity to search small openings for nectar than does P. foveolatus. The foraging success of both E. puttleri and P. foveolatus on artificial flowers was lower when 1 M sucrose solution was used as an artificial nectar rather than honey-water solution, indicating that the wasps were stimulated and attracted by the nectar odor. Our systematic evaluation of floral architecture with respect to parasitoid foraging ability has enabled us to predict which types of flowers would serve as suitable floral host plants for parasitoids in the field. That is, only flowers with nectaries that are completely exposed would function as suitable floral host plants for E. puttleri, while P. foveolatus could forage on flowers with either exposed or partially exposed nectaries. Examples of potentially suitable floral hosts suggested from our study include dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) for both E. puttleri and P. foveolatus and coriander (Coriandrum sativa L.) for P. foveolatus.
Reversal by transferrin of growth-inhibitory effect of suramin on hormone- refractory human prostate cancer cells

Background : The second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men is metastatic hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Transferrin is abundant in bone stroma and has been found to stimulate models of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Suramin, a compound that has been used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, has been demonstrated to antagonize the binding of transferrin to the transferrin receptor and to suppress uptake of iron by hematopoietic cells. Purpose : The purpose of our study was to determine whether transferrin may reverse the inhibitory action of suramin on metastatic prostate-derived cell lines. Methods : Five human prostate cell lines (PC-3, PC-3M, DU-145, TSU-Pr1, and LNCaP) derived from metastatic deposits were examined for response to growth stimulation by apotransferrin, for the presence of transferrin receptors by binding of 125 I-labeled transferrin, and for relative transferrin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) content by ribonuclease protection assays. We measured the amount of growth inhibition by suramin in low serum assays to demonstrate maximal inhibition over the critical ranges achieved in serum, and measured the ability of the addition of apotransferrin to reverse the inhibition of suramin in these tumors. Results : The results clearly demonstrate that the androgen-insensitive metastatic cell lines (PC-3, PC-3M, DU-145, and TSU-Prl) demonstrate increased cell numbers when exposed to holotransferrin or apotransferrin, while the androgen-sensitive cell line (LNCaP) did not show any increase. All cell lines demonstrated a similar number of transferrin receptors and transferrin receptor mRNA. We used these maximally inhibitory, but clinically relevant, concentrations of suramin to determine whether transferrin could reverse the inhibition, and it did, but only in the androgen-insensitive metastatic lines. Indeed, in the PC-3 cells, inhibition turned to stimulation with the addition of transferrin, and even at the highest concentration of suramin tested, 400 μM, a concentration that would be toxic to patients, the amount of inhibition by suramin was still reduced by more than 50% by transferrin in TSU-Pr1 cells. In the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, however, transferrin had limited ability to block the inhibitory activity of suramin. Conclusions : Concentrations of tumor-stimulating factors, such as transferrin, in the metastatic microenvironment need to be taken into consideration in the use of suramin and suramin-like derivatives. Novel strategies need to be identified that will negate the action of transferrin on androgen-insensitive cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87 :41-46,
Cattle Weights on USDA Forest Service Lands by State With Cow and Calf Forage Consumption

Cattle Weights on USDA Forest Service Lands by State With Cow and Calf Forage Consumption DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v32i4_uresk