cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE LINK BETWEEN HYDROLOGY AND RESTORATION OF TIDAL MARSHES IN THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY ESTUARY

The objectives of this paper are to summarize existing knowledge on the hydrologic characteristics of tidal marshes in the New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ) Estuary, to document the extensive linkages between hydrology and tidal marsh function, to underline their importance in designing restoration projects, and to identify research needs in this area. Hydrologic processes are responsible for the evolution, inter- and intra- marsh variability, and functional value of tidal marshes. Hydrology also controls the movement of materials and organisms between estuaries, wetlands, uplands, and the atmosphere. The importance of hydrology to tidal marsh function is widely recognized by the scientific community. Hydrologic research in tidal wetlands of the NY/NJ Estuary, however, is lacking. Anthropogenic development activities have resulted in drastic losses of tidal wetland value, and restoration is now finally a priority in many of the region’s natural resource management plans. The success of tidal marsh restoration efforts depends on how appropriately hydrologic factors and their interdependencies are recognized and incorporated into design; yet, little guidance about how best to restore tidal marsh hydrology is available. There is a need to document better the hydrologic characteristics of existing and historical tidal wetlands, to improve hydrologic modeling capabilities, and to accompany other ecological investigations in tidal marshes with hydrologic documentation.
The role of flow limitation as an important diagnostic tool and clinical finding in mild sleep-disordered breathing

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined by quantifying apneas and hypopneas along with symptoms suggesting sleep disruption. Subtler forms of sleep-disordered breathing can be missed when this criteria is used. Newer technologies allow for non-invasive detection of flow limitation, however consensus classification is needed. Subjects with flow limitation demonstrate electroencephalogram changes and clinical symptoms indicating sleep fragmentation. Flow limitation may be increased in special populations and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been shown to improve outcomes. Titrating CPAP to eliminate flow limitation may be associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to treating apneas and hypopneas.
Profesión periodística y Unión Europea: hacia una unificación de la reglamentación dentro de la profesión periodística

La invitacion a la profesionalizacion de la actividad periodi´stica ha de hacerse extensible a todos los paises de la UE. Conviene, para evitar dificultades que enquisten la libre circulacion de trabajadores entre los diferentes estados, partir de un escenario comun, al menos, en sus lineas esenciales. El derecho a ejercer una ocupacion o profesion en otro pais miembro no debe suponer bajo ningun concepto un agravio comparativo ni para el inmigrante ni para los nacionales de ese estado. Este articulo aborda el analisis de esta problematica y el reto que plantea el acercamiento de las distintas concepciones de periodismo y periodista.
Modeling of nonlocal damage-plasticity in beams using isogeometric analysis

A nonlocal damage-plastic Euler-Bernoulli beam model is proposed.Damage-plasticity together with nonlocal implicit gradient approximations are used.Finite element analysis is carried out in an isogeometric framework.Influence of model parameters including length-scale is investigated.Various softening responses associated with localized damage mechanisms are obtained. A nonlocal damage-plastic Euler-Bernoulli beam model is proposed based on resultant damage-plasticity together with implicit approximations of the nonlocal integral operators. Isogeometric concept is used to approximate the higher order gradient terms, and numerical algorithms and consistent tangents are derived. Test cases are presented to show the important features of the proposed nonlocal beam element. Numerical results show that the proposed nonlocal beam is successfully able to preserve the objectivity of the results and a meaningful convergence is achieved with decreasing mesh size. In addition, various softening responses associated with localized damage mechanisms - including snap-back and snap-through responses - are obtained.
The Inter-American Juridical Committee and Private Law in the Americas (or a Road Map for Making the Best the Enemy of the Good)

In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Inter-American Juridical Committee (IAJC) of the OAS, this study analyzes the contribution the IAJC has made, and may make in the future, to the development of private international law in the Americas. The first part reviews the historical antecedents of the current process involving Inter-American Specialized Conferences on Private International Law (the CIDIPs), both before and in the initial phases of the current OAS. The second part focuses on the various CIDIPs and the input provided by the IAJC on specific proposed instruments. In this section exhaustive treatment is neither desirable nor appropriate, because it is largely a story of the IAJC's diminishing role. For, as the technical expertise required for the development of increasingly narrow instruments addressing profoundly important but increasingly specialized and technical bodies of law grew, experts naturally supplanted the role of the public and private international law specialists at the IAJC. The third and final part of this study traces the evolution of the CIDIP process into a form not envisioned by its founders. This part studies the end of an era and speculates as to future directions, not only of the IAJC's role but also of the institutional processes of the Inter-American Legal System as a whole, in the development of the critical topic of eliminating legal impediments to greater interaction, both commercial and non-commercial, among the peoples of the Americas. The paper analyzes the relative utility of varying instruments for regional private law harmonization, arguing that in the short term model laws may be more efficacious than traditional treaties but that, in the longer term and in light of the increasing convergence of the issues traditional addressed by private international law and the cutting edge issues addressed in regional trade regimes, regional economic integration agreements may well prove to be the most effective vehicle for private law harmonization in the Americas.
Scission point configuration of /sup 252/Cf fission

The Fossati-Pinelli study of the scission point configuration of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ based on the calculations of trajectories of long-range $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles emitted in fission provides previously unavailable experimental evidence supporting the basic assumption of the statistical theory of nuclear fission. However, their stated conclusion and that of a similar analysis by Krishnarajulu and Mehta need modification. It is found that the broad and fluctuating distributions of initial energies of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle and the fission fragments obtained by these two groups might not be real even though they are mathematically valid. Nevertheless, together with other information available to us, the unreal part may be eliminated and both works then yield results that are wholly consistent with the statistical theory of fission. The validity of the dynamical theories will be discussed.
ARTHROPLASTY OF THE ELBOW

The advantages of the method herewith proposed may be summarized as follows: 1. The approach gives the freest exposure possible without jeopardizing important structures. This point cannot be too highly emphasized because the very success of the operation depends upon the most meticulous care in the removal of all peripheral bone (especially in front of the joint) as well as the suture of the interposed fascia-fat graft. 2. It enables the surgeon to remove sufficient bone to insure complete freedom of motion without jeopardizing stability. Stability is brought about by the antagonistic pull of the flexors and extensors upon a lever whose fulcrum comes at the newly formed joint, the posterior arm of which (the olecranon) is long enough to allow sufficient antagonistic action of the triceps to bring this about. 3. Early immobilization without danger of separation or non-union of the ulnar parts is made possible by this use of the long, sliding, inlay olecranon-ulna graft, to which the insertion of the triceps is undisturbed, and the accurate mortise fit of this graft into its proper gutter.
Relationships between Measures of Learning Style and Reading Comprehension

This study examined the discriminant validity of the Inventory of Learning Processes by determining the relationships between the scale scores and the Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Reading Rate sc...
Llama anesthetic programs

Llamas are anesthetized conveniently with guaifenesin thiamylal mixes, or, for short periods of time, with xylazine/ketamine. Small individuals must be accurately weighed. Estimating weight without experience is dangerous in this species. The greatest levels of safety and control, especially for critical patients, is afforded by inhalation anesthesia techniques using small animal equipment. All neonates and juveniles can be masked readily but in adults intravenous induction is most satisfactory. Intubation is aided by a long blade laryngoscope. Blood pressure monitoring is best accomplished with an arterial line in the ear artery. However, doppler equipment on the tail or distal leg usually works well.
Bonding at the CaF2-on-Si(111) Interface

The bonding at the interface between CaF2 and Si(111) has been investigated using core-level photoemission spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of various structural models of the interface. The stable interface has a depletion of fluorine from the interface resulting in strong Si - Ca bonding.
Design and Simulation of 100 kHz and 200 kHz Tri-Phasic PZT Piezoelectric Transducers

This work reports the simulation and measurements results of Tri-Phase piezoelectric transducers unprecedented geometries composed of PZT-5H rods surrounded by hexagonal polymer walls in a vacuum a...
Internalized stigma of mental illness: Changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

Internalized stigma of mental illness is associated with poor mental health and represents a prominent barrier to accessing treatment. Few studies have investigated the effects of cognitive–behavioral treatment approaches on internalized stigma, particularly without a targeted stigma intervention. T
Cause-related marketing in sports: the power of altruism

ABSTRACTResearch question: Based on attribution theory, meaning transfer theory, and social identity/team identification theory, the present study aims to investigate how the effectiveness of perceived altruism on consumer responses varies depending on the team identification conditions in a cause-related marketing (CRM) campaign.Research methods: A total of 124 subjects participated in an experiment created by 2 levels of CRM: altruism and team identification.Results and findings: The study results indicate that perceived CRM altruism has a greater impact on consumers’ change in attitude toward the team among low identifiers than high identifiers. Further analyses show this moderating effect is mediated by consumers’ attitudes toward the campaign.Implications: The research findings imply that CRM campaign strategies should be carefully established depending on sports consumers’ team identification. These convey important theoretical and managerial implications and further add depth to our knowledge in ge...
The climate and health effects of a USA switch from coal to gas electricity generation

Abstract Abundant natural gas at low prices has prompted industry and politicians to welcome gas as a ‘bridge fuel’ between today's coal-intensive electric power generation and a future low-carbon grid. We used existing national datasets and publicly available models to investigate the upper limit to the emission benefits of natural gas in the USA power sector. As a limiting case, we analyzed a switch of all USA coal plants to natural gas plants, occurring in 2016. The human health benefits of such a switch are substantial: SO2 emissions are reduced from the baseline (MATS (Mercury and Air Toxics Standard) retrofits by 2016) by more than 90%, and NOX emissions by more than 60%, reducing total national annual health damages by $20 – $50 billion annually. While the effect on global temperatures is small out to 2040, the USA power plant fleet's contribution could be changed by as much as −50% to +5% depending on the rate of fugitive CH4 emissions and efficiency of replacement gas plants.
Pattern of Inflammation on Surveillance Colonoscopy Does Not Predict Development of Colitis-associated Neoplasia.

BACKGROUND Identification of colonoscopic features which increase colitis-associated neoplasia risk in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) may allow patient risk stratification. Our objective was to investigate whether colonoscopic features correlate with the risk of developing colitis-associated neoplasia in patients with UC on surveillance. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, patients with UC who underwent surveillance colonoscopies from 1998 to 2011 were included. Patients with UC with neoplasia were compared with a matched control group of patients with UC without neoplasia in a 1:3 ratio. RESULTS A total of 111 eligible patients with UC with colon neoplasia were compared with 356 patients with UC without colon neoplasia. On univariate analysis, colitis-associated neoplasia was associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71-3.89, P ≤ 0.001) and smoking history (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.1-2.39, P = 0.045) but not with colonoscopic features, including tubular colon/shortened colon, scarring, segment of severe inflammation, inflammatory polyps, colonic stricture, or macroscopically normal appearance colonoscopy. In multivariate analysis, only male gender (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.77-4.08, P ≤ 0.001) was found to be associated with an increased risk, whereas the use of 5-aminosalicylates was associated with a decreased risk for colitis-associated neoplasia (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.84, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS In patients with UC, colonoscopic features especially on standard-definition white-light colonoscopy did not appear to reliably predict the development of colitis-associated neoplasia. This will leave room for image-enhanced endoscopy technology and molecular markers for the early and accurate detection of colitis-associated neoplasia.
Country Resources, Country Image, and Exports: Country Branding and International Marketing Implications

ABSTRACTA country's economic, political, and socio-cultural institutions have always been regarded as important determinants of a company's exports and international marketing strategies. With the recent thinking about countries becoming more like a brand, these factors should impact a country's marketing and branding strategies. There has been a call for more research on how countries can use their institutions and resources to enhance their globalization efforts. This study intends to fill this gap by examining the relationships between country institutions and resources, country image, and exports based on institution theory and resource advantage theory. Both archival and primary data for 24 countries over 12 years (1995–2006) were used to assess a random-effects panel data model. The results reveal the significance of economic development and communication infrastructure on exports. In addition, country image was found to indirectly affect exports. The theoretical and practical implications on countr...
Anger expression and essential hypertension: Behavioral response to confrontation

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the range of anger-expressive behaviors and social competencies among essential hypertensive patients. Methods Behavioral reactions to both neutral and anger-evoking role-play interactions were measured in 26 hypertensive and 15 normotensive patients. Social behaviors were assessed using self-report measures of anger expression, assertiveness, self- and other-ratings of social competence and behavioral measures of anger expression observed during role-play interactions. Results Hypertensive patients showed less eye contact, used fewer positive assertive statements and were rated as being less assertive during confrontational role-play scenarios than normotensive controls. Hypertensive patients also exhibited higher pulse pressure reactions to confrontation than normotensives, particularly hypertensive patients who expressed anger overtly. Conclusion Essential hypertension is associated with specific social skill deficits that are only apparent during the assertive expression of anger.
High-Resolution Melting Analysis for Rapid Detection of Sequence Type 131 Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the sequence type 131 (ST131) clonal complex have been associated with the global distribution of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam resistance. Whole-genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing identify sequence type but are expensive when evaluating large numbers of samples. This study was designed to develop a cost-effective screening tool using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to differentiate ST131 from non-ST131 E. coli in large sample populations in the absence of sequence analysis. The method was optimized using DNA from 12 E. coli isolates. Singleplex PCR was performed using 10 ng of DNA, Type-it HRM buffer, and multilocus sequence typing primers and was followed by multiplex PCR. The amplicon sizes ranged from 630 to 737 bp. Melt temperature peaks were determined by performing HRM analysis at 0.1°C resolution from 50 to 95°C on a Rotor-Gene Q 5-plex HRM system. Derivative melt curves were compared between sequence types and analyzed by principal component analysis. A blinded study of 191 E. coli isolates of ST131 and unknown sequence types validated this methodology. This methodology returned 99.2% specificity (124 true negatives and 1 false positive) and 100% sensitivity (66 true positives and 0 false negatives). This HRM methodology distinguishes ST131 from non-ST131 E. coli without sequence analysis. The analysis can be accomplished in about 3 h in any laboratory with an HRM-capable instrument and principal component analysis software. Therefore, this assay is a fast and cost-effective alternative to sequencing-based ST131 identification.
Choroidal thickness in patients with coronary artery disease.

Purpose To evaluate choroidal thickness (CTh) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to healthy controls. Design Cross-sectional. Methods Setting: Ambulatory clinic of a large city hospital. Patient population: Thirty-four patients had documented CAD, defined as history of >50% obstruction in at least one coronary artery on cardiac catheterization, positive stress test, ST elevation myocardial infarction, or revascularization procedure. Twenty-eight age-matched controls had no self-reported history of CAD or diabetes. Patients with high myopia, dense cataracts, and retinal disease were excluded. Observation procedures: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and questionnaire regarding medical and ocular history. Main outcome measures: Subfoveal CTh and CTh 2000 μm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal to the fovea in the left eye, measured by 2 readers. Results CTh was significantly lower in patients with CAD compared to controls at the subfoveal location (252 vs. 303 μm, P = 0.002) and at all 4 cardinal macular locations. The mean difference in CTh between the 2 groups ranged from 46 to 75 μm and was greatest in the inferior location. Within the CAD group, CTh was significantly lower temporally (P = 0.007) and nasally (P<0.001) than subfoveally, consistent with the pattern observed in controls. On multivariate analysis, CAD was negatively associated with subfoveal CTh (P = 0.006) after controlling for diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions and relevance Patients with CAD have a thinner macular choroid than controls, with preservation of the normal spatial CTh pattern. Decreased CTh might predispose patients with CAD to high-risk phenotypes of age-related macular degeneration such as reticular pseudodrusen and could serve as a potential biomarker of disease in CAD.
The Full Stomach

The incidence of aspiration of gastric contents during a general anesthetic is 1 per 2000–3000 patients. This incidence is dramatically increased during emergency surgeries, or other situations which involve patients with a “full stomach”. Of those patients who suffer an aspiration event, approximately 8% will experience gas exchange disruptions secondary to chemical pneumonitis, or Mendelson’s syndrome, leading to significant morbidity with an approximate 3% mortality rate. The volume of gastric material aspirated and its associated acidity greatly influence outcomes. The American Society of Anesthesiology NPO guidelines use available data and expert opinion to recommend appropriate periods for fasting prior to the safe provision of anesthesia care. These guidelines are intended to provide the practitioner with a framework, balancing the comfort and stability of the patient, with the establishment of optimal gastric volume and pH parameters. Certain metabolic, anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic conditions contribute to alterations in gastric motility and lower esophageal sphincter tone, thereby increasing the risk of aspiration during an anesthetic. As anesthesia providers, it is integral to our practice to understand, anticipate and intervene when patients present under these circumstances. Prevention of gastric aspiration during the induction of general anesthesia and establishing a protected airway is of paramount importance during the formulation of an effective anesthetic plan. Being knowledgeable and facile with pharmacological and technical interventions to manage patients before, during and after an aspiration event is critical to expert clinical care and provides for best possible outcomes.
Addressing the Cultural Challenges of Firearm Restriction in Suicide Prevention: A Test of Public Health Messaging to Protect Those at Risk

Objectives. Reducing access to firearms as a suicide prevention strategy is limited in the US today because of divergent cultural attitudes and political contentiousness surrounding gun restrictions. This research examined the effects of culturally-specific suicide prevention messages on the likelihood of restricting firearm access during periods of suicide risk.Methods. Focus groups and key informant interviews were conducted with rural gun owners in order to develop a suicide prevention message that highlighted the importance of restricting access to firearms during periods of risk without threatening second amendment concerns. The effectiveness of this gun culture message, relative to standard suicide prevention messaging and a control condition, was then tested with a national sample of gun owners.Results. Relative to all other conditions, respondents who received our culturally-specific message in conjunction with standard suicide prevention content reported the greatest likelihood of taking steps to...
Anatomy and function of the orbital frontal cortex: I. Anatomy, neurocircuitry, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Many neuroimaging studies have implicated the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In recent years there have been significant advances in elucidating the anatomical characteristics of the OFC in nonhuman primates. The authors review literature on the cytoarchitecture and afferent and efferent connections of the OFC, giving particular attention to the OFC's relationship to limbic and paralimbic regions, the mediodorsal thalamus, the basal ganglia, and sensory association cortices. These cytoarchitectural divisions and connections are discussed in terms of how they may influence thinking about the OFC's contribution to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
ICP-MS measurement of silver diffusion coefficient in graphite IG-110 between 1048K and 1284K

Abstract Silver-110m has been shown to permeate intact silicon carbide and pyrolytic carbon coating layers of the TRISO fuel particles during normal High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) operational conditions. The diffusion coefficients for silver in graphite IG-110 measured using a release method designed to simulate HTGR conditions of high temperature and flowing helium in the temperature range 1048–1253 K are reported. The measurements were made using spheres milled from IG-110 graphite that were infused with silver using a pressure vessel technique. The Ag diffusion was measured using a time release technique with an ICP-MS instrument for detection. The results of this work are: D Ag , IG − 110 = ( 6.6 × 10 − 4 m 2 s ) exp ( − 1.74 × 10 5 J mol R T ) The measured activation energy of 174 kJ/mol compares well with the range of values [154–193 kJ/mol] reported in the literature for LTI pyrocarbon. The measured pre-exponential D0 value of 6.60 × 10−4 m2/s is similar to the value of 5.3 × 10−4 m2/s reported for Russian LTI pyrocarbon.
Taking a SHARP look at mask 3D effects

Mask 3D effects are an area of active research in EUV mask technology. Mask-side numerical aperture, illumination, feature size and absorber thickness are key factors modulating mask 3D effects and affecting printability and process window. Variable mask-side NA and flexible illumination make the SHARP actinic EUV microscope a powerful instrument for the study of mask 3D effects. We show an application example, comparing mask 3D effects for a standard Tantalum Nitride absorber and a thinner, 40-nm Nickel absorber. Data is presented for 0.33 4xNA and anamorphic 0.55 4x/8xNA. The influence of different illumination settings on mask 3D effects is discussed.
Role of TLR4 in the Modulation of Central Amygdala GABA Transmission by CRF Following Restraint Stress.

Aims Stress induces neuroimmune responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Here, we investigated the role of TLR4 in the effects of the stress peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on GABAergic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) following restraint stress. Methods Tlr4 knock out (KO) and wild-type rats were exposed to no stress (naive), a single restraint stress (1 h) or repeated restraint stress (1 h per day for 3 consecutive days). After 1 h recovery from the final stress session, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to investigate the effects of CRF (200 nM) on CeA GABAA-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Results TLR4 does not regulate baseline GABAergic transmission in the CeA of naive and stress-treated animals. However, CRF significantly increased the mean sIPSC frequencies (indicating enhanced GABA release) across all genotypes and stress treatments, except for the Tlr4 KO rats that experienced repeated restraint stress. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest a limited role for TLR4 in CRF's modulation of CeA GABAergic synapses in naive and single stress rats, though TLR4-deficient rats that experienced repeated psychological stress exhibit a blunted CRF cellular response. Short summary TLR4 has a limited role in CRF's activation of the CeA under basal conditions, but interacts with the CRF system to regulate GABAergic synapse function in animals that experience repeated psychological stress.
A Study on Pharmacokinetics of Bosentan with Systems Modeling, Part 2: Prospectively Predicting Systemic and Liver Exposure in Healthy Subjects.

Predicting human pharmacokinetics of novel compounds is a critical step in drug discovery and clinical study design but continues to be a challenging task for hepatic transporter substrates, particularly in predicting their liver exposures. In this study, using bosentan as an example, we prospectively predicted systemic exposure and the (pseudo) steady-state unbound liver-to-unbound plasma ratio ( K p uu ) in healthy subjects using 1) a mechanistic approach solely based on in vitro hepatocyte assays and 2) an approach based on hepatic process rates from monkey in vivo data but Michaelis–Menten constants from in vitro data. Both methods reasonably match the observed human systemic time course data, but the second method leads to better prediction accuracy. In addition, the second method can predict a human K p uu value that is close to the value deduced using clinical data. We also generated rat and monkey liver K p uu values in terminal studies. However, these directly measured animal values are different from the deduced human value.
Early Kidney Allograft Dysfunction (Threatened Allograft): Comparative Effectiveness of Continuing Versus Discontinuation of Tacrolimus and Use of Sirolimus to Prevent Graft Failure: A Retrospective Patient-Centered Outcome Study.

BACKGROUND Due to lack of treatment options for early acute allograft dysfunction in the presence of tubular-interstitial injury without histological features of rejection, kidney transplant recipients are often treated with sirolimus-based therapy to prevent cumulative calcineurin inhibitor exposure and to prevent premature graft failure. METHODS We analyzed transplant recipients treated with sirolimus-based (n = 220) compared with continued tacrolimus-based (n = 276) immunosuppression in recipients of early-onset graft dysfunction (threatened allograft) with the use of propensity score-based inverse probability treatment weighted models to balance for potential confounding by indication between 2 nonrandomized groups. RESULTS Weighted odds for death-censored graft failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.66-2.19, P = 0.555) was similar in the 2 groups, but a trend for increased risk of greater than 50% loss in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline in sirolimus group (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 0.96-3.76; P = 0.067) compared with tacrolimus group. Sirloimus group compared with tacrolimus group had increased risk for death with functioning graft (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.29-3.14; P = 0.002) as well as increased risk of late death (death after graft failure while on dialysis) (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.59-3.59; P < 0.001). Analysis of subgroups based on the absence or presence of T cell-mediated rejection or tubulointerstitial inflammation in the index biopsy, or the use of different types of induction agents, and all subgroups had increased risk of death with functioning graft and late death if exposed to sirolimus-based therapy. CONCLUSIONS Use of sirolimus compared with tacrolimus in recipients with early allograft dysfunction during the first year of transplant may not prevent worsening of allograft function and could potentially lead to poor survival along with increased risk of late death.
Parent emotion regulation socializes children's adaptive physiological regulation.

Parenting practices play a major role in socializing children's developing regulatory abilities, but less is known about how parents' regulatory abilities relate to children's healthy functioning. This study examined whether parents' physiological and emotion regulation abilities corresponded to children's physiological and emotional responding to a structured laboratory-based disappointment task. Ninety-seven 3- to 7-year-olds (56 girls; M = 5.79 years) and one parent participated in a multi-method assessment of parents' and children's regulatory functioning. Direct (coaching children to use reappraisal) and indirect (resting physiology, dispositional use of reappraisal) aspects of parents' regulatory abilities were assessed. As expected, an adaptive pattern of parent regulatory abilities composed of higher resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia, use of reappraisal, and coaching reappraisal was associated with children's physiological reactivity after a disappointment indicative of more effective physiological calming in a recovery context (increased parasympathetic activation). In contrast, parents' regulatory abilities did not relate to changes in children's expressions of emotional distress.
Integer Linear Systems: Projection and Inverse Projection

In this chapter we address the problem of finding an x ∈ ℜn which is a solution to the system Ax = b or Ax ≥ b with some or all of the x j required to be integer. This problem has a very long history. Integer equalities were studied by the Greek mathematician Diophantos during the third century A.D. In fact, when all the variables are required to be integer the equations in the system Ax = b are called linear Diophantine equations. We use the terms Diophantine and integer interchangeably. The study of linear and nonlinear Diophantine equations is an important part of number theory. Although linear Diophantine equations were studied in the third century A.D. it was not until the 20th century A.D. (1976 to be precise) that a polynomial algorithm was given for finding an integer solution the system Ax = b.
Reproductive Processes in Plants

Plant growth originates within the buds in regions known as meristems. In the meristems, cell division and elongation occur, and these processes produce tissues that soon develop into specific plant parts. Vegetative meristems give rise to parts such as stems, leaves, and roots, while reproductive meristems give rise to floral organs that ultimately produce fruits and seeds.
Diffusivity of bile salt/phospholipid aggregates in mucin.

Purpose. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the mucous layer on the transport of the drug-solubilizing bile salt/phosphatidylcholine (BS/PC) aggregates.
Correction to: Important juvenile manta ray habitat at Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

In a recent paper (Stewart et al. 2018), we reported on the presence of juvenile manta rays in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) and suggested that the region serves as a nursery habitat for the species. Unfortunately we failed to consider the Masters thesis by Jeffrey N Childs (2001) entitled: ‘The occurrence, habitat use, and behavior of sharks and rays associating with topographic highs in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico’. Childs (2001) was the first to document the presence of juvenile manta rays at the Flower Garden Banks and he suggested that the Flower Garden Banks serve as a nursery habitat for juvenile manta rays. We regret this oversight and apologize for failing to acknowledge and cite this relevant work.
Spatial analysis of disparities in asthma treatment among adult asthmatics.

Abstract Background Spatial analytic techniques can uncover important differences in asthma treatment and identify geographic areas with poor asthma management. Objective To review geographical differences in asthma treatment in an adult asthmatic population. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional chart review study (n = 519) using Geographic Information System approaches to determine the impact of spatial access to pharmacies and other factors on inappropriate rescue and inadequate controller medication use. Statistical analyses included chi-square test for categorical variables and Kruskall-Wallis test for continuous variables. Logistic regression was used to determine unadjusted and adjusted odds of inappropriate and inadequate pharmaceutical management of asthma based upon distance to pharmacy and other factors. Choropleth maps were constructed to display zip code level variation of asthma management. Results Inappropriate medication users lived further from their preferred pharmacy compared to appropriate users (median distances of 3.02 and 1.96 miles respectively; p = 0.01). Inappropriate and inadequate management of asthma varied by zip code, ranging from 5.5 to 17.3% and 25.0–59.6%, respectively. A statistically significant difference in appropriate use by age was found, with nearly 17% of adults age 65 and older overusing their rescue inhaler. Conversely, patients age 18–34 years, 35–49 years, and 50–64 years, used their controller medications inadequately (64.2%, 57.3%, and 48.2%, respectively) compared to 42.5% of patients aged 65 and older. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses showed that former smokers had higher odds of inadequate management of asthma. Conclusion The unadjusted findings suggest that distance to pharmacies may play a role in the pharmaceutical management of asthma, though these findings are explained by confounding factors. Future research should continue to explore the effect of spatial access to pharmacies on chronic disease management and the role that maps can play in guiding medication management interventions in a larger sample to allow for more rigorous analysis.
Nanoparticle based simple electrochemical biosensor platform for profiling of protein-nucleic acid interactions

The analysis of protein-nucleic acid interactions is essential for biophysics related research. However, simple, rapid, and accurate methods for quantitative analysis of biomolecular interactions are lacking. We herein establish an electrochemical biosensor approach for protein-nucleic acid binding analysis. Nanoparticle based sensors are fabricated by highly-controlled inkjet printing followed by plasma conversion. A novel bioconjugation method is demonstrated as a simple and rapid approach for protein-based biosensor fabrication. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the binding interaction between unwinding protein 1 (UP1) and SL3ESS3 RNA, confirming the accuracy of this nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensor approach with traditional biophysical methods. We further accurately profiled and differentiated a unique binding interaction pattern of multiple G-tract nucleic acid sequences with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1. Our study provides insights into a potentially universal platform for in vitro biomolecule interaction analysis using a nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensor approach.
Electrical Impedance Characterization of CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells with Hydrogen Iodide Back Surface Etching

Thin film CdTe solar cells were prepared using close-space sublimation followed by a standard cadmium chloride activation annealing treatment. After the activation process, some of the samples were subjected to a brief etching process using a 10% hydrogen iodide solution in methanol while the others were only rinsed with methanol. Completed solar cells from both sample types were prepared and characterized using current and capacitance-voltage scanning methods. The results show that the etching process increases the open circuit voltage by 10-20mV and the fill factor by 1-5% compared to the devices without the etching, thus increasing the efficiency from $\sim$ 13% to $\sim$ 15%. Capacitance-voltage measurements indicate that the bulk carrier (hole) density of the CdTe films increase by approximately a factor of three, which could partially explain the increase in device performance. The cause of the change in carrier density is still under investigation.
Simulating Performance for One-Dedicated-Lane Light Rail System – A Case Study

This paper develops a study of the concept of a one-dedicated-lane light rail system with real world data from the Valley Transit Authority (VTA) two-dedicated-lane rail system using a simulation model. The model analyzed 14 train stations in the San Jose area that included the downtown plaza. The results showed that a one-dedicated-lane is feasible even at the different service time periods that the VTA light rail encounters throughout a weekday. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed on the two different track configurations, different headways, and service-time periods to determine the effect they have on train speed. From the analysis, the results showed that headway has a significant effect on train speed. Our results demonstrated a promising potential of the concept of a one-dedicated-lane Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or light-rail system for efficient operation, as an end-state or as an intermediate state of a two-dedicated-lane, space-efficient system, i.e. 150–250 words.
Do companies redact material information from confidential SEC filings

U.S. public companies can redact information from required material contracts disclosures when management asserts that the information is immaterial and would cause competitive harm if publicly disclosed (i.e., it is proprietary). This study examines whether managers use this channel to withhold material information from investors. We find that firms’ stock price discovery process is significantly slower and insider trading is significantly greater after companies file redacted contracts compared with non-redacted contracts. Using data obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, we find that redacted material contracts withhold both quantitative and qualitative information and redacted information is predictably associated with insider trading. These findings suggest that at least some information redacted in material contracts is material to investors.
Pitch peak location and the perception of Serbo-Croatian word tone

Abstract: In earlier research this author found that the location of the peak of the fundamental frequency within Serbo-Croatian stressed vowels regularly occurred earlier for falling word tones, later for rising word tones. This paper presents the results of a perceptual experiment involving synthetic stimuli designed to test the ability of native speakers of Serbo-Croatian to hear differences in the location of peak fundamental frequency within the stressed vowel. The results indicate that listeners can attend to differences in peak fundamental frequency in the determination of rising or falling word tones. A peak fundamental frequency located in the final 24% of the stressed vowel tends to be judged “rising”. Peaks located earlier are judged “falling”. The data of the present study demonstrate the relevance of peak fundamental frequency location for the determination of Serbo-Croatian word tone and correlate well with the model of Serbo-Croatian word tone earlier proposed by this author.
Solar Energy: Solar Production and Radiation

173 000 000 GJ of energy from the Sun enters Earth's atmosphere in the form of electromagnetic radiation every second. This is more than 10 000 times the rate at which the human race uses energy. Almost all the energy we use originally arrived on Earth in the form of solar radiation – the exceptions being nuclear, geothermal, and tidal energy. The energy released when we burn fossil fuels was stored away long ago by plants that used photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy. The energy in the food we eat has a more obvious solar origin in photosynthesis by the plants that we consume, or that were consumed by animals. Solar energy evaporates water, and heats ocean and land masses, generating wind currents from which power can be harvested.Winds, fueled by solar energy,move evaporated water above mountains and plains where it falls and gathers into rivers and reservoirs from which hydropower is derived. While most energy we use is solar energy in one form or another, direct use of solar energy still represents a very small piece of all human energy use. Solar energy is used in many places for some fraction of water and space heating, but in the critical areas of electrical and transport energy, use of solar energy is still marginal. For example, in 2015 the world derived about 1.3% of its total electrical energy from direct solar sources (over 97% photovoltaic and the remainder solar thermal electric conversion) [129, 130]. Although this is a small percentage, it has increased rapidly from a mere 0.065% in 2008. One of the greatest challenges of large-scale solar energy use is the diffuse nature of the resource. Unlike fossil fuels or nuclear power, which have very high energy densities, solar energy is broadly distributed across the entire planet. Even in arid deserts near the equator, a substantial land area is needed to gather industrial-scale quantities of energy. Most of the solar-derived energy used by humankind up to the present has been gathered and concentrated by natural systems into other more readily usable forms such as wood, coal, and petroleum. It may be, however, that in the long term direct use of solar energy will be the simplest and most efficient way to sustainably power our extensive and still-growing energy needs.
Flexor Tendon Surgery—Retrospective

Dr. J. William Littler’s landmark article on tendon grafting from The American Journal of Surgery in 1947 is reprinted and then used as a departure point for the discussion of its current validity and the important advances since then.
A case report on a severely ill COVID-19 patient with rapid clearing of chest infiltrates 43 hours after treatment with multiple modalities

A 44-year-old COVID-19 positive patient was transferred to our hospital with worsening acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was admitted to ICU and was started on high flow oxygen. Her CXR showed worsening bilateral infiltrates. In order to prevent her progression from severe to critical disease, we adopted a multiple modality treatment approach, utilizing clinical judgment and most recent publications. She was treated with antibiotics, convalescent plasma, steroids, hydroxychloroquine and self-proning. After 43 hours, her CXR showed rapid clearing of infiltrates and we could discharge her on day three of hospitalization. Previously reported case series on convalescent plasma showed the number of days taken for significant improvement in chest x-ray varied from 4 to 7 days. The rapidity of improvement in this patient is remarkable and could be due to the multiple modality treatment approach.
Society´s awareness for protection of soils, its biodiversity and function in 2030 – We need a more intrinsic approach

Decades of efforts to achieve comprehensive and sustainable soil (biodiversity) protection resulted in a moderate to limited success. The ecological arguments - the extrinsic approach - are largely formulated and known. However, it is not possible to make them sufficiently heard as they stand against the interests of lobby groups. Therefore, in order to protect the soil, its functions and biocoenoses efficiently, I plead for an extended, intrinsic, centripetal approach, which includes physical-haptic, but also digital experience, transdisciplinary networks and the establishment of sympathizers for soil biodiversity. To this end, I name best practice examples from the past and present. For the development and establishment of this ‘strategy for a comprehensive sensitivity for soil (biodiversity) protection’ I expect a period of 10 years.