cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology as Social Critique

Several recent publishing events have brought the political status of Heidegger’s thought, and through him phenomenology, sharply back into focus within philosophy. Both recent translations of Heidegger’s work and recent applications of Heidegger’s insights challenge the standard understanding of Heidegger’s phenomenology as a descriptive practice offering no normative judgments or political orientations. Motivated by this historical context, this chapter takes up the question of the normative or prescriptive nature of Heidegger’s phenomenology. Through this discussion the nature of phenomenology as a practice of immanent critique through description of social practices is made clear. This understanding of Heidegger’s phenomenology is then applied in two ways. First, I demonstrate the similar immanent critique offered by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno in the Dialectic of Enlightenment and Heidegger in The Question Concerning Technology while bringing into sharp focus how and why Heidegger’s form of immanent critique rejects Hegelian and Marxist dialectic. Second, I demonstrate the manner in which Heidegger’s political activities in the early to late 1930s reflected a failure to apply his own phenomenological method.
Metabolism and Detoxification of TNT by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Several lines of evidence suggest that TNT detoxification by Phanerochaete chrysosporium is through reduction. Rates of TNT reduction were directly correlated with mycelial mass and TNT concentration. Toxicity was inversely related to the amount of fungus. TNT toxicity was identical in both ligninolytic and nonligninolytic cultures. Rapid disappearance of the reduced metabolites coincided with production of the manganese-dependent peroxidases and mineralization of TNT was not observed until the lignin peroxidases were detected.
Shock-Induced Dynamic Yielding in Lithium Fluoride Single Crystals

The study of solids at stresses where material rigidity cannot be ignored is important for an understanding of dynamic failure and thus learning about the complete constitutive relation for a solid. A number of solids in this stress range display stress relaxation which is described by a time dependent constitutive relation. The rate dependence is characterized by a decay of the elastic wave as a function of propagation distance. The early work in the area of stress relaxation involved polycrystals but the recent work has been generally on single crystals.
Does the Prospect of Fulfilling Belonging Affect Social Responses to Rejection? A Conceptual Replication Attempt:

Historically, one of the biggest paradoxes in the rejection literature was that rejected people sometimes behaved antisocially and at other times prosocially. Researchers responded to this paradox ...
The role of normative marketing ethics

Abstract This essay highlights the importance of normative thinking in marketing ethics and proposes avenues for future research. It begins with contrasting positive and normative ethics. Then, a brief discussion of the literature in the field is included. Arguments offered by those who tend to avoid normative analysis are examined. Four types of normative ethical theories are presented: consequentialism, duty-based ethics, contract-based morality, and virtue ethics. The essay concludes with seven future research directions for normative marketing ethics and customer-brand relationships.
Interkingdom Community Interactions in Disease Ecology

A key tenet of community ecology is the interactions of individual organisms contribute to the ecological structure and function of ecosystems. Within these networks of interacting organisms are those taxa important for human and animal health: disease systems defined by combinations of host, pathogen, reservoir, and vector or a subset of these components. While the simplest disease system is that of the host and pathogen, more complex systems include the direct interactions of a pathogen with other hosts and the microbial communities of those hosts, reservoirs, and sometimes vectors. Each of these disease system components is made up of species that directly and indirectly interact with other species in ways that affect their individual fitness, population biology, and role in communities of the ecosystem. This chapter recognizes the direct interactions of those species that make up the primary components of disease systems; however, the focus and examples provided relate to the more indirect interkingdom (or domain) interactions that impact disease system components. The examples provided include how microbial communities mediate invertebrate and vertebrate fitness and behavior, often in systems where the hosts play important roles in pathogen transmission and disease emergence. The potential mechanisms of these interkingdom interactions are also developed in detail, as the mechanisms of such interactions are likely the target of future studies that could directly inform disease management strategies. Based on these examples and mechanisms, the existing literature suggests there are likely undiscovered and complex interactions of species within communities that affect disease systems.
Effects of selection strategies using heifer pelvic area and sire birth weight expected progeny difference on dystocia in first-calf heifers

A stochastic computer simulation model was developed to evaluate the effects of selection strategies based on heifer pelvic area and sire birth weight EPD on dystocia in first-calf heifers. Parameters and relationships used were taken from the literature. Unrelated sets of yearling heifers were simulated. Replacement heifer selection was based on breeding the top 40, 60, 80 or 100% (i.e., no selection) of available heifers as determined by yearling pelvic area (YRLGPA). Selected heifers were bred to bulls that were selected based on EPD for birth weight (SEPD). Levels of SEPD were -2.7, -1.8, -.9, 0, .9, and 1.8 kg. Simulated responses included precalving pelvic area, calf birth weight, calving difficulty score (1, 2, 3, 4), and incidence of dystocia (0, 1). Both measures of dystocia were predicted from the ratio of precalving pelvic area to calf birth weight. Simulated data were analyzed using least squares procedures. The effects of SEPD were significant (P < .05) for birth weight, calving difficulty score, and the frequency of dystocia. Differences among levels of heifer selection for YRLGPA were significant for YRLGPA, precalving pelvic area, birth weight, and calving difficulty score but not for the frequency of dystocia. Based on partial regressions calculated from weighted replication means, a 1-kg decrease in SEPD will decrease average calving difficulty score by .12 units and decrease the frequency of dystocia by 4%, whereas each 10% increase in selection pressure on YRLGPA will reduce the average calving difficulty score by only .02 units and have no detectable effect on the frequency of dystocia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The multiscale finite element method for nonlinear continuum localization problems at full fine-scale fidelity, illustrated through phase-field fracture and plasticity

Abstract The residual-driven iterative corrector scheme recently presented by the authors for linear problems has opened a pathway to achieve the best possible fine-mesh accuracy in the multiscale finite element method (MsFEM). In this article, we focus on a series of algorithmic and variational extensions that enable efficient residual-driven correction for nonlinear localization problems. These include a synergistic combination of Newton and corrector iterations to reduce the algorithmic complexity, the use of corrector degrees of freedom in the Galerkin projection to eliminate the repeated recomputation of multiscale basis functions during Newton iterations, and a natural residual-based strategy for fully automatic fine-mesh adaptivity. We illustrate through numerical examples from phase-field fracture and plasticity that the MsFEM with residual-driven adaptive correction achieves full fine-scale fidelity while also being computationally more efficient than the pristine MsFEM. We also show that for localization problems, it significantly increases accuracy and robustness over standard oversampling.
An Introduction of Generalized Linear Model Approach to Accelerated Life Test Planning with Type-I Censoring

Accelerated life tests are often expensive and difficult to conduct. Failure time censoring is anticipated because some test units do not fail over the testing period even under the accelerated stress condition. Therefore, a test plan must be carefully designed to maximize its statistical efficiency. This chapter presents an approach to optimal test planning based on the proportional hazard model of accelerated life test data. It is shown that this approach can accommodate multiple stress factors and is applicable to any failure time distribution.
Microbial insurgency: Theorizing global health in the Anthropocene:

Several recent international health crises have revealed significant vulnerabilities in global pandemic preparedness. The 2014 Ebola fever epidemic expanded into an international threat far more qu...
Risk Score for Mortality Prediction after One-Year on Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Purpose Data on long-term mortality risk assessment of continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients are mostly limited to pre-implant clinical characteristics. The purpose of this study was to combine pre- and post-implant parameters to create a score for improved risk stratification during LVAD support. Methods The study population comprised 202 CF-LVAD recipients at a tertiary medical center who survived to one year following implant. Best subsets regression models were used to develop a score for prediction of subsequent three-year mortality. Results Three-year mortality subsequent to post-implant assessment at one year was 35%. The final prediction model included: (a) pre-implant variables (age ≥62 years, hypertension, nonischemic etiology of cardiomyopathy, inotropic support); (b) post-implant laboratory variables (albumin ≤3.8 mg/dL and glomerular filtration rate ≤55 mL/min/1.73 m2 at one year); and (c) post-implant adverse events (increasing rehospitalizations in the first year after LVAD implant). Model discrimination improved with addition of post-implant to pre-implant parameters (pre-implant model c-index: 0.59, final model c-index: 0.74). Based on the final model we developed a risk score for the prediction of death after one year on LVAD support wherein predicted three-year mortality rates in low, intermediate, and high-risk patients were 14%, 30%, and 63% respectively (p Conclusion Assessment of clinical and laboratory factors following LVAD implantation can significantly improve mortality prediction beyond conventional pre-implant variables. This risk score may provide guidance for decision making during LVAD support.
Hyaluronic acid-doxorubicin nanoparticles for targeted treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer, common in both men and women, occurs when tumors form in the linings of the colon. Common treatments of colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, many colorectal cancer treatments often damage healthy tissues and cells, inducing severe side effects. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (Dox) can be potentially used for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, they suffer from limited targeting and lack of selectivity. Here, we report that doxorubicin complexed to hyaluronic acid (HA) (HA-Dox) exhibits an unusual behavior of high accumulation in the intestines for at least 24 hr when injected intravenously. Intravenous administrations of HA-Dox effectively preserved the mucosal epithelial intestinal integrity in a chemical induced colon cancer model in mice. Moreover, treatment with HA-Dox decreased the expression of intestinal apoptotic and inflammatory markers. The results suggest that HA-Dox could effectively inhibit the development of colorectal cancer in a safe manner, which potentially be used a promising therapeutic option.
National Disaster Planning and Policy

Natural and man-made emergencies and disasters that impact communities across the United States often begin locally but frequently require assistance from governmental agencies. A systems framework for preparedness and response across traditional and nontraditional medical and public health stakeholders, including community organizations, schools, and other partners in municipal planning, is essential for ensuring the readiness and resilience of communities. All nurses and health care providers (HCPs) should be aware of the local, state, and national laws and regulations that impact preparedness, response, and recovery. A greater understanding of the laws that direct governmental interaction allows nurses and HCPs to better leverage resources to promote preparedness, response, and recovery.
MEIS-mediated suppression of human prostate cancer growth and metastasis through HOXB13-dependent regulation of proteoglycans

The molecular roles of HOX transcriptional activity in human prostate epithelial cells remain unclear, impeding the implementation of new treatment strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. MEIS proteins are transcription factors that bind and direct HOX protein activity. MEIS proteins are putative tumor suppressors that are frequently silenced in aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Here we show that MEIS1 expression is sufficient to decrease proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo murine xenograft models. HOXB13 deletion demonstrates that the tumor-suppressive activity of MEIS1 is dependent on HOXB13. Integration of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed direct and HOXB13-dependent regulation of proteoglycans including decorin (DCN) as a mechanism of MEIS1-driven tumor suppression. These results define and underscore the importance of MEIS1-HOXB13 transcriptional regulation in suppressing prostate cancer progression and provide a mechanistic framework for the investigation of HOXB13 mutants and oncogenic cofactors when MEIS1/2 are silenced.
Expanding the spalting palette: developing yellow, purple, and green pigments from Scytalidium ganodermophthorum

The use of wood coloured by fungi, or ‘spalted’ wood, stretches back to the Renaissance. Most of this work was restricted to shades of blue-green, brown, white, and black zone lines. Modern spaltin...
Roadmap Learning for Probabilistic Occupancy Maps With Topology-Informed Growing Neural Gas

We address the problem of generating navigation roadmaps for uncertain and cluttered environments represented with probabilistic occupancy maps. A key challenge is to generate roadmaps that provide connectivity through tight passages and paths around uncertain obstacles. We propose the topology-informed growing neural gas algorithm that leverages estimates of probabilistic topological structures computed using persistent homology theory. These topological structure estimates inform the random sampling distribution to focus the roadmap learning on challenging regions of the environment that have not yet been learned correctly. We present experiments for three real-world indoor point-cloud datasets represented as Hilbert maps. Our method outperforms baseline methods in terms of graph connectivity, path solution quality, and search efficiency. Compared to a much denser PRM*, our method achieves similar performance while enabling a 27× faster query time for shortest-path searches.
Empathy and attitudes about substance abuse among social work students, clinical social workers, & nurses

Empathy is a critical component of social work practice, yet research has indicated that health professionals often express negative attitudes toward people who abuse substances. The current study ...
Neuronavigation with Skull Segmentation and Acoustic Modeling for Guiding Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging

Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging (tABI) combines ultrasound (US) with radiofrequency detection to map electrical currents in the brain at the mm and ms scales. To optimize tABI and ensure safe exposure, a feedback system is required to monitor and track the US beam through the skull. This study proposes combining a real-time neuronavigation system with acoustic modeling and MRI-based skull segmentation to optimize transcranial US delivery. We developed a testbed to estimate targeting accuracy and algorithms to optimally steer and focus US through the human skull for tABI and other applications that require US delivery to the brain. The optimized system is modeled to deliver focused US to brain targets through the skull with a FWHM of 3.88mm at the focus with steering at sub-mm accuracy, enabling safe and accurate guidance of tABI. The integrated system allows for a prediction of the US beam trajectory through the human skull with registration to clinical images for guidance and improving accuracy of real-time tABI.
The precursor of the biotin-binding subunit of mammalian propionyl-CoA carboxylase can be translocated into mitochondria as Apo- or Holoprotein

We have investigated the biogenesis of the biotin-binding alpha-subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (alpha PCC) in cultured Buffalo rat liver cells. Cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine, and the newly synthesized alpha PCC was immunoprecipitated with anti-alpha PCC antibodies and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biotinylation of the alpha-subunit was detected by a mobility-shift assay following incubation with avidin. In the presence of biotin and the uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), alpha PCC precursor accumulated in the cytosol and was quantitatively biotinylated. Subsequent removal of the uncoupler in a "chase" protocol allowed the accumulated precursor to be translocated into mitochondria and cleaved to its mature form. When cells were grown in biotin-depleted medium and labeled in the presence of DNP, no biotinylation of the cytosolic precursor was observed. Nonetheless, the accumulated precursor was efficiently imported into mitochondria and cleaved to mature alpha PCC upon removal of the uncoupler. In parallel experiments in the absence of DNP, non-biotinylated mature alpha PCC accumulated in mitochondria; following addition of biotin, the apo-alpha PCC was converted rapidly to its holo-form. We conclude that both the alpha PCC precursor and its mature counterpart are competent for biotinylation and that biotinylated and nonbiotinylated alpha PCC precursor are competent for import by mitochondria.
Group‐Randomized Trials: Overview

The purpose of this article is to put group-randomized trials (GRTs) in context in terms of other kinds of designs and in terms of the terminology used in other fields, to summarize their development in public health, to characterize the range of public health research areas that now employ GRTs, to characterize the state of practice with regard to the design and analysis of GRTs, to consider their future in public health research, and to review the steps required to plan a new GRT. Keywords: clinical trials; randomization; RCT ; group identifier; condition; design; public health
Size-dependent Increase in Prostanoid Levels in Adenomas of Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Recent studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a chemopreventive effect against colorectal neoplasia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenases, principal enzymes that mediate the formation of prostanoids. To determine whether prostanoids are involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal adenomas, we compared the levels of five major stable metabolic products of the cyclooxygenase pathway in the normal-appearing mucosa and in adenomas of patients with familial adenomatosis polyposis. Of 12 patients tested, 6 had elevated levels of at least one prostanoid in the adenomas. More importantly, the relative levels of three prostanoids [prostaglandin (PG)D2, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1alpha] were elevated in adenomas compared to normal-appearing mucosa from the same patients, and the resulting ratios were correlated with the size of the adenoma. These results suggest a role for prostanoids in progression of colorectal polyposis in familial adenomatosis polyposis patients.
The Beginning of the Quantum Story

By the end of the nineteenth century, most physicists felt rather good about the state of their art. In fact, some felt that their successors would spend their time simply taking measurements to the next decimal place. There were reasons for this complacent attitude. Most of the astronomical data about the motion of the planets, as well as the behavior of ordinary mechanical systems, could be explained using Newton’s laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation. The empirical laws concerning electric and magnetic fields had been discovered and fused together by Maxwell, and his prediction of the existence of electromagnetic waves had been experimentally verified by Heinrich Hertz: The nature of light was no longer a mystery. More important, the same laws used to explain the behavior of macroscopic systems were also able to explain the behavior of submicroscopic objects (atoms and molecules). This came about with the development of the techniques of statistical mechanics. By applying Newton’s laws statistically the ideal gas law, PV = nRT could be derived. Similarly, the specific heat of gases could be predicted in agreement with the available experimental data.
Nous avons l'art pour vivre dans la vérité

The paper aims at sketching the outline of a phenomenology of the artwork on the basis of the short analyses devoted to the topic by Hannah Arendt in a few texts. In order to overcome the mostly allusive and even superficial character of these texts, the paper refers to Kant's teaching in theCritique of Judgment and to Arendt's interpretation of it in several essays.
A New Approach to Risk Management for Nanotechnology

Risk management of nanotechnology is challenged by enormous uncertainties about the properties, risks, benefits, and future direction of nanotechnology applications. Because of these uncertainties, traditional risk management principles including acceptable risk, cost-benefit analysis and feasibility are unworkable, as is the more recent precautionary principle. Yet simply waiting for these uncertainties to be resolved before attempting to manage nanotechnology risks would not be prudent, in part because of growing public concerns driven by risk perception heuristics such as affect and availability. A more reflexive, incremental, and cooperative approach is required. Such an approach will not only help manage emerging risks from nanotechnology, but will also serve as a model for managing future technologies.
Photoionization measurements on isolated iron-atom clusters

Abstract Laser vaporization of a metal substrate within a pulsed supersonic nozzle is used to generate beams of iron-atom clusters. Fe x , x = 2–25, which are detected by laser photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By examimning the dependence of the Fc x + signal on ionizing laser intensity and frequency, we have been able to roughly determine the ionization potentials (IPs) of the isolated iron clusters. Oscillations in the curve of IP versus cluster size are observed.
Stability of dual-beam fiber-optical traps for low refractive index contrast particles

We experimentally and numerically characterize stable and unstable μm-particle trapping in a dual-beam fiber-optical trap. We find that reducing the fiber separation leads to increasing restoring forces when the ratio of refractive indices approaches 1.005.
Probabilistic molecular dynamics evaluation of the stress-strain behavior of polyethylene

Abstract The primary goal of this study was to utilize molecular dynamics to predict the mechanical behavior of polyethylene. In particular, stress–strain relationships, the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio were predicted for low-density polyethylene at several molecular weights and polymer configurations with the number of united CH 2 atoms ranging between 500 and 5000. Probabilistic Monte Carlo methods were also used to identify the extent of uncertainty in mechanical property predictions. In general, asymptotic behavior was observed for stress and the Young’s modulus as the molecular weight of the models increased. At the same time, significant variability, of the order of 1000% of the mean, in the stress–strain relationships and the Young’s modulus predictions was observed, especially for low molecular weight models. The variability in the Young’s modulus predictions ranged from 17.9 to 3.2 GPa for the models ranging from 100 to 5000 CH 2 atom models. However, it was also found that the mean value of the Young’s modulus approached a physically possible value of 194 MPa for the 5000 atom model. Poisson ratio predictions also resulted in significant variability, from 200% to 425% of the mean, and ranged from 0.75 to 1.30. The mean value of the Poisson ratios calculated in this study ranged from 0.32 to 0.44 for the 100 to 5000 atom models, respectively.
Population dynamics of a pathogen: the conundrum of vivax malaria

Building a mathematical model of population dynamics of pathogens within their host involves considerations of factors similar to those in ecology, as pathogens can prey on cells in the host. But within the multicellular host, attacked cell types are integrated with other cellular systems, which in turn intervene in the infection. For example, immune responses attempt to sense and then eliminate or contain pathogens, and homeostatic mechanisms try to compensate for cell loss. This review focuses on modeling applied to malarias, diseases caused by single-cell eukaryote parasites that infect red blood cells, with special concern given to vivax malaria, a disease often thought to be benign (if sometimes incapacitating) because the parasite only attacks a small proportion of red blood cells, the very youngest ones. However, I will use mathematical modeling to argue that depletion of this pool of red blood cells can be disastrous to the host if growth of the parasite is not vigorously check by host immune responses. Also, modeling can elucidate aspects of new field observations that indicate that vivax malaria is more dangerous than previously thought.
The Physical University: Contours of space and place in higher education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an extended book review of “The Physical University”. Design/methodology/approach – This article takes the form of a literature review focusing on one title. Findings – This is an uneven collection of fragments of conventional late twentieth-century thinking about the physical campus. The future of the physical university, the campus is in doubt. Yet, only two of the dozen authors engage in this existential question. Originality/value – The collection of articles ranges from purely philosophical to moderately practical. It is a poor summary of current thought and offers little guidance for dealing with the evolving future of the physical university.
Effects of temperature on the solubility and speciation of selected actinides in near-neutral solution

Abstract The solubility and speciation predictions for actinide waste elements, needed to meet the requirements for licensing a high-level radioactive waste disposal, are made by utilizing thermodynamic solution data. Since elevated temperatures are expected in the repository and little or no information is available on thermodynamic solution data at temperatures above 25 °C, one common method of prediction is to extrapolate thermodynamic functions to elevated temperatures from available data or reasonable estimates for 25 °C. The objective of this study was to determine experimentally the trends in the temperature dependence of the solubilities and speciation of neptunium, plutonium, and americium. In groundwaters hydroxide and carbonate anions are considered to play a most important role in the formation of insoluble precipitates and soluble complexes of actinides. Therefore, solubility measurements were made in 0.01 M noncomplexing NaClO 4 solution at pH 6.0 and 8.5 at both 25 °C and 60 °C. The total carbonate concentration was held constant at 120 ppm, a value close to that found in some groundwaters. This study showed no clear change in solubility as the temperature changed from 25 °C to 60 °C. A summary of the results is given in Table I. Many of the solid phases that formed, although crystalline, remain unidentified because of the lack of reference data in the literature. A comparison of the experimental results with solubility predictions from modeling calculations showed significant differences. These differences are probably caused by the existence in the experiment of unknown solubility-controlling solid phases that were not included in the modeling
Oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis : III. Temperature dependence of quantum yield and its relation to O2/CO 2 solubility ratio.

The effect of leaf temperature, O2 and calculated O2/CO2 solubility ratio in the leaf on the quantum yield of photosynthesis was studied for the C4 species, Zea mays L., and the C3 species, Triticum aestivum L. Over a range of leaf temperatures of 16 to 35° C, the quantum yield of Z. mays was relatively constant and was similar under 1.5 and 21% O2, being ca. 0.059 mol CO2 mol(-1) quanta absorbed. Under 1.5% O2 and atmospheric levels of CO2, the quantum yield of T. aestivum was relatively constant (0.083 mol CO2 mol(-1) quanta absorbed) at leaf temperatures from 15 to 35° C. Atmospheric levels of O2 (21%) reduced the quantum yield of photosynthesis in T. aestivum and as leaf temperature increased, the quantum yield decreased from 0.062 at 15°C to 0.046 mol CO2 mol(-1) quanta absorbed at 35°C. Increasing temperature decreases the solubility of CO2 relatively more than the solubility of O2, resulting in an increased solubility ratio of O2/CO2. Experimentally manipulating the atmospheric levels of O2 or CO2 to maintain a near-constant solubility ratio of O2/CO2 at varying leaf temperatures largely prevented the temperature-dependent decrease in quantum yield in t. aestivum. Thus, the decrease in quantum yield with increasing leaf temperature in C3 species may be largely caused by a temperaturedependent change in the solubility ratio of O2/CO2.
How does the brain process upright and inverted faces

The face inversion effect (FIE) is defined as the larger decrease in recognition performance for faces than for other mono-oriented objects when they are presented upside down. Behavioral studies suggest the FIE takes place at the perceptual encoding stage and is mainly due to the decrease in ability to extract relational information when discriminating individual faces. Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging and scalp event-related potentials studies found that turning faces upside down slightly but significantly decreases the response of face-selective brain regions, including the so-called fusiform face area (FFA), and increases activity of other areas selective for nonface objects. Face inversion leads to a significantly delayed (sometimes larger) N170 component, an occipito-temporal scalp potential associated with the perceptual encoding of faces and objects. These modulations are in agreement with the perceptual locus of the FIE and reinforce the view that the FFA and N170 are sensitive to individual face discrimination.
MBA Internships: More Important Than Ever

Twenty years ago, in response to an existing vacuum in the literature, a national study of MBA internships at programs accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB) was published (P. H. McCaskey, 1988). The descriptive article was written to aid educators and administrators in their decision making with regard to MBA internship programs at their respective institutions. Despite relentless change in the marketplace for business schools, a review of the literature published in the interim shows little subsequent consideration of the topic. The authors not only compare the 1988 study with contemporary information but also expand on it to include data from MBA programs not presently accredited by the AACSB.
Corrensite and mixed-layer chlorite/corrensite in metabasalt from northern Taiwan: TEM/AEM, EMPA, XRD, and optical studies

Many chloritic minerals in low-grade metamorphic or hydrothermally altered mafic rocks exhibit abnormal optical properties, expand slightly upon glycolation (“expandable chlorite”) and/or have excess AlVI relative to AlIV, as well as significant Ca, K and Na contents. Chloritic minerals with these properties fill vesicles and interstitial void space in low-grade metabasalt from northern Taiwan and have been studied with a combination of TEM/AEM, EMPA, XRD, and optical microscopy. The chloritic minerals include corrensite, which is an ordered 1:1 mixed-layer chlorite/smectite, and “expandable chlorite”, which is shown to be a mixed-layer chlorite/corrensite. Corrensite and some mixed-layer chlorite/corrensite occur as rims of vesicles and other cavities, while later-formed mixed-layer chlorite/corrensite occupies the vesicle cores. The TEM observations show that the mixed-layer chlorite/corrensite has ca. 20%, and the corrensite has ca. 50% expandable smectite-like layers, consistent with XRD observations and with their abnormal optical properties. The AEM analyses show that high Si and Ca contents, high AlVI/AlIV and low FeVI/(Fe+Mg)VI ratios of “chlorites” are correlated with interstratification of corrensite (or smectite-like) layers in chlorite. The AEM analyses obtained from 200–500 A thick packets of nearly pure corrensite or chlorite layers always show that corrensite has low AlIV/SiIV and low FeVI/(Fe+Mg)VI, while chlorite has high AlIV/SiIV and high FeVI/(Fe+Mg)VI. This implies that the trioctahedral smectite-like component of corrensite has significantly lower AlIV/SiIV and FeVI/(Fe+Mg)VI. The ratios of FeVI/(Fe+Mg)VI and AlIV/SiIV thus decrease in the order chlorite, corrensite, smectite. The proportions of corrensite (or smectite-like) layers relative to chlorite layers in low-grade rocks are inferred to be controlled principally by Fe/Mg ratio in the fluid or the bulk rock and by temperature. Compositional variations of “chlorites” in low-grade rocks, which appear to correlate with temperature or metamorphic grade, more likely reflect variable proportions of mixed-layered components. The assemblages of trioctahedral phyllosilicates tend to occur as intergrown discrete phases, such as chlorite-corrensite, corrensite-smectite, or chlorite-corrensite-smectite. A model for the corrensite crystal structure suggests that corrensite should be treated as a unique phase rather than as a 1:1 ordered mixed-layer chlorite/smectite.
New horizons in sphere-packing theory, part II: lattice-based derivative-free optimization via global surrogates

Derivative-free algorithms are frequently required for the optimization of nonsmooth scalar functions in n dimensions resulting, for example, from physical experiments or from the statistical averaging of numerical simulations of chaotic systems such as turbulent flows. The core idea of all efficient algorithms for problems of this type is to keep function evaluations far apart until convergence is approached. Generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms, a modern class of methods particularly well suited to such problems, accomplish this by coordinating the search with an underlying grid which is refined, and coarsened, as appropriate. One of the most efficient subclasses of GPS algorithms, known as the surrogate management framework (SMF; see Booker et al. in Struct Multidiscip Optim 17:1---13, 1999), alternates between an exploratory search over an interpolating function which summarizes the trends exhibited by existing function evaluations, and an exhaustive poll which checks the function on neighboring points to confirm or confute the local optimality of any given candidate minimum point (CMP) on the underlying grid. The original SMF algorithm implemented a GPS step on an underlying Cartesian grid, augmented with a Kriging-based surrogate search. Rather than using the n-dimensional Cartesian grid (the typical choice), the present work introduces for this purpose the use of lattices derived from n-dimensional sphere packings. As reviewed and analyzed extensively in Part I of this series (see Belitz, PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 2011, Chap. 2), such lattices are significantly more uniform and have many more nearest neighbors than their Cartesian counterparts. Both of these facts make them far better suited for coordinating GPS algorithms, as demonstrated here in a variety of numerical tests.
Improving Turret Control on Military Vehicles

Recent additions of armor have made light tactical vehicle turrets heavy enough that mechanical assistance is required for them to rotate. The Army’s solution is the Battery Powered Motorized Traversing Unit (BPMTU) which uses a joystick to traverse the turret. Use of the joystick distracts the gunner and prevents the gunner from continuously engaging the target while rotating the turret. This paper presents a modification to the weapon mount that allows the turret to be controlled by the position of the weapon itself and emphasizes the design process used to develop the inovation. With this design, the gunner can now maintain contact with a target, while rotating the turret, without fiddling with the joystick. The Weapon Activated and Controlled Turret (WACT) consists of two primary components; the bottom component is stationary relative to the turret and contains a Hall effect sensor and the top component rotates with the weapon and holds a linear magnet. As the position of the sensor relative to the magnet changes, the corresponding strength of the magnetic field also varies. This change in magnetic force induces a similar response in the output voltage of the Hall effect sensor, effectively translating rotational motion into an electric signal able to control the turret motor.
Alcohol Use and Depression Symptoms among Female Nursing Students

A sample of 286 female nursing students responded to questions concerning drinking practices and symptoms of depression. After controlling for the possibly confounding effects of nursing student experiences (aspects of burnout such as depersonalization and social isolation) and the sociodemographic characteristics of the students, increased quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion was found to be associated with increased symptoms of depression in the sober state.
Flexible wavelength division multiplexing (FWDM) networks

Flexible wavelength division multiplexing improves resource utilization in optical networks. In this paper, we review the recent progresses in FWDM research on both the physical layer and the control plane aspects. (2 pages)
Correlations between the electroencephalogram and cortical histochemical changes in experimental brain lesions

Abstract The relationship of EEG findings, histochemical data on glycogen, and oxidative enzymes (DPN-diaphorase) were studied in experimental cortical lesions in the guinea pig. There was a correlation between more than 50 per cent decrease of oxidative enzyme reaction in cortical tissues, the deposition of glycogen in the tissue, and the appearance of slow-wave activity in the EEG. Slow-wave activity was related to the presence of tissue showing almost normal cell population but markedly decreased enzyme reaction; decrease of enzyme activity in necrotic cortical tissue was without significance for the appearance of slow waves. The significance of these data for the interpretation of a delta focus in the human EEG was discussed, based on histochemical and EEG data from forty-four neurosurgical human biopsies.
Parathyroidectomy in the elderly population: does age really matter?

Objectives/Hypothesis: Compare parathyroidectomy patients based on age, including demo-graphics, outcomes, and complications. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Prospective parathyroidectomy database covering 1998 to 2007 was reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 687 patients underwent parathyroidectomy, including 247 (36%) >65 years old. Discharge was more often on day of surgery in younger patients (42.5% vs. 29.2%, P =.007) and >23 hours for older patients (24.7% vs. 12.3%, P 220) in older patients (16.6% vs. 9.55%, P = .009). Overall complication rates were low (6%-8%), with >93% in either group having no major complications. There was no difference in timing or types of complications, except elderly patients were more likely to have cardiac complications (2.83% vs. 0.45%, P = .022). Conclusions: Nearly 700 parathyroidectomies were performed at our institution over 10 years. Elderly patients comprised one third of this population. They were likely to have longer hospital and recovery room stays, and postoperative normocalcemia with elevated PTH, which may actually be a normal finding for these patients, but it warrants further study. The rate, timing, and types of complications were similar between age groups, although elderly patients had more cardiac complications. When properly indicated, parathyroidectomy remains a safe and effective option for management of hyperparathyroidism in elderly patients.
Information compressibility, entropy variation and approach to steady state in open systems

We introduce the concept of information compressibility, KI, which measures the relative change of number of available microstates of an open system in response to an energy variation. We then prove that at the time in which the system reaches a steady state, the second and third time derivatives of the information entropy are proportional to the corresponding time derivatives of the energy, the proportionality constant being KI. We argue that if two steady states with different but same-sign KI are dynamically connected in a non-adiabatic way it takes a longer time to reach the state with compressibility closer to zero than the reverse. We also show analytically that for a two-level system in contact with external baths, the information compressibility is inversely proportional to the temperature measured at any given time by a probe that is coupled to the system, and whose temperature is adjusted so that the system dynamics is minimally perturbed. This concept, that applies to both classical and quantum open systems, thus provides insight into the properties of non-equilibrium steady states.
Reactive derivatives of gramicidin enable light- and ion-modulated ion channels

Detection of chemical processes on a single molecule scale is the ultimate goal of sensitive analytical assays. We have explored methods to detect chemical analytes in solution using synthetic derivatives of gramicidin A (gA). We exploited the functional properties of an ion channel-forming peptideggAto report changes in the local environment near the opening of these semi-synthetic nanopores upon exposure to specific external stimuli. These peptide-based nanosensors detect reaction-induced changes in the chemical or physical properties of functional groups presented at the opening of the pore. This paper discusses the development of gA-based sensors for detecting external factors such as metal ions in solution or for detecting specific wavelengths of light. We propose that gA-based ion channel sensors offer tremendous potential for ultra sensitive functional detection since a single chemical modification of each individual sensing element can lead to readily detectable changes in channel conductance.
Diabetes complications and depression as predictors of health service costs

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relative contributions of diabetes complications, depression and comorbid medical disorders to health service costs in adults with diabetes. Methods A total of 4398 adult health plan members with diabetes completed a mailed survey. Depression was assessed using the nine-item PHQ. Health service costs, diabetes complications, glycohemoglobin levels and comorbid medical conditions were assessed using computerized health plan records. Results Total health service costs were approximately 70% higher for individuals with major depression than for those without any depressive disorder (US$5361 over 6 months vs. US$3120, P Conclusions Among people with diabetes, depression is associated with 50-75% increases in health service costs. This proportional difference is similar to that in general population samples, but the absolute dollar difference is much greater. The effect of depression on health service use is undoubtedly complex and not limited to unexplained physical symptoms among the worried well.
Numerical study of terrain-induced mesoscale motions and hydrostatic form drag in a heated, growing mixed layer

Han et al. (1982) have found in a previous numerical study of terrain-induced mesoscale motions that the orography caused a steady-state flow pattern to occur. The study was concerned with a simplified case in which no surface heating occurred. The present investigation considers an extension of this study to the more realistic case of a heated, growing daytime mixed layer containing horizontal variations of potential temperature as well as velocity. The model is also extended to include three layers above the mixed layer. It is found for a heated, growing mixed layer, that the mesoscale form drag is a thermal-anomaly or buoyancy effect associated with horizontal variations of potential temperature within the layer.
Effect of crystalloid infusion on hematocrit in nonbleeding patients, with applications to clinical traumatology.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the change in hematocrit produced by infusion of crystalloid solution. Twenty healthy, nonbleeding subjects were randomized into two groups. Each group had an initial, baseline hematocrit. Group A then received an infusion of 20 mL/kg normal saline over 45 minutes and had a second hematocrit drawn, after which an additional 15 mL/kg was infused over one hour and a third hematocrit was drawn. Group B also had an initial 20 mL/kg infusion over 45 minutes followed by a second hematocrit determination, but this was followed by an additional 15 mL/kg over three hours, again followed by a final hematocrit. Multiple methodologic factors were included to simulate, as closely as possible, an actual trauma treatment protocol. In each group, a significant decrease in hematocrit was produced by the first infusion, specifically, 4.8 points in group A and 4.1 points in group B, with more than 50% of the subjects demonstrating a drop of 5 points or more. The second infusion produced no further significant change in either group. There was no difference in the magnitude of the change between the two groups. The study demonstrates that a significant drop in hematocrit may be expected in nonbleeding patients who receive crystalloid infusions during trauma evaluation protocols.