cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Thermodynamic Impacts of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on Their Tropical Tropospheric Environment

AbstractThe present study examines the tropospheric thermodynamic anomalies induced by western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) passage using storm-relative composites. Negative moist static energy (MSE) anomalies containing embedded westward-propagating anomalies generally occur only following larger TCs for two months following TC passage in a region extending from the domain center to ~3000 km to its west. Larger TCs force negative MSE anomalies likely because of feedbacks from stronger, broader TC-induced negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the excitation of TC-induced Rossby waves to the southeast of the TC. The negative MSE anomalies are composed of lower- and midtropospheric negative latent energy anomalies with smaller contributions from boundary layer and upper-tropospheric negative sensible heat anomalies. The lower- and midtropospheric negative MSE anomalies are forced by the TC, whereas the upper-tropospheric negative MSE anomalies are forced by the Madden–Julian oscillatio...
Skin Lighteners, Black Consumers and Jewish Entrepreneurs in South Africa

In 2001, the Apartheid Museum opened in Johannesburg to critical acclaim along with some questioning of the motivations and moral standing of those who financed it. Abraham and Solomon Krok, South African businessmen and twin brothers born to Jewish immigrant parents, bankrolled the project. By the mid 1990s the Kroks ranked among the country’s wealthiest families. Partly inspired by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, they sought to build a museum dedicated to those who lived and died under apartheid as part of a larger entertainment complex that would include a casino and amusement park. Whereas the Holocaust Museum memorializes the persecution and murder of European Jews before and during the Second World War, the Apartheid Museum would do the same for those who suffered under the racist South African state. To design the museum, the Kroks hired distinguished South African architects, artists and academics. This team’s efforts have been largely well received. National and international critics alike have applauded the building’s dignified modern aesthetic and the exhibits within for effectively conveying apartheid’s inhumanity and people’s courageous struggles against it. 1 Yet some have questioned whether it was appropriate to locate the sombre memorial within the Kroks’ light-hearted entertainment complex. Others have drawn attention to the enterprise that made the Kroks wealthy enough to sponsor such a project. They see a profound irony in the fact that a family fortune generated from the sale of skin lighteners to black South Africans has underwritten a museum dedicated to documenting the racism of apartheid. 2 It was the Kroks’ former status as manufacturers of skin lighteners that first drew me to their story. When, a few years ago, I began researching the transnational history of skin lighteners in South Africa, East Africa and the United States, their names often came up. Almost invariably, whenever I explained my topic to South African academics, business people and medical professionals, they asked, ‘Have you ever heard of the Krok brothers?’ For these interlocutors, the Kroks were the most memorable figures associated with the country’s skin-lightener trade. Although the
Radioimmunoassay of the anabolic agent zeranol. IV. The determination of zeranol concentrations in the edible tissues of cattle implanted with zeranol (Ralgro)

Rapid solvent extraction combined with a radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody raised against a derivative of zeranol has been used to measure the residues of the anabolic agent zeranol in the edible tissues (muscle, liver, kidney and fat) of cattle treated with Ralgro. Calibration curves, both with and without, tissue extracts exhibit good parallelism. Regression analysis for the extraction of zeranol from tissues dosed with standard amounts of zeranol have correlation coefficients of 0.979, 0.991, 0.986 and 0.985 for muscle, liver, kidney and fat, respectively. The limits of decision defined as the mean value + 3 SD for the concentrations apparently observed (noise) in tissues from animals not treated with Ralgro were 278, 121, 373 and 110 ng/kg for muscle, fat, liver and kidney, respectively. In the tissues of 4 cows implanted with Ralgro (36 mg), and sampled 70 days after implanting, the highest concentration of zeranol in each tissue was 232 ng/kg (muscle), 391 ng/kg (liver), 287 ng/kg (kidney) and 293 ng/kg (fat), and residues were detected in all samples of fat (4), 3 kidney samples and 1 liver sample.
The Mediating Role of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Thought Control Strategies on Posttraumatic Stress in Women Survivors of Child Sexual and Physical Abuse

This study examined the link between cognitive coping strategies, type of abuse, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. In a sample of 294 undergraduate women, several key findings emerged: (a) reported use of cognitive coping strategies significantly differed based on the type of abuse; (b) some differences in posttraumatic stress symptomatology emerged based on the type of abuse; (c) once the cognitive coping strategies were accounted for, the type of abuse was no longer associated with posttraumatic stress symptomatology. These findings suggest that peritraumatic dissociation, punishment, and social control significantly mediated the relationship between the type of abuse and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. This is important information for interventionists striving to help their clients maximize already-occurring adaptive strategies (e.g., social control).
Urinary leukotriene E4/exhaled nitric oxide ratio and montelukast response in childhood asthma.

Background A subset of children with asthma respond better to leukotriene receptor antagonists than to inhaled corticosteroids. Information is needed to identify children with these preferential responses. Objective We sought to determine whether the ratio of urinary leukotriene E 4 (LTE 4 ) to fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) delineates children with preferential responsiveness to montelukast compared with fluticasone propionate (FP) therapy. Methods Data from 318 children with mild-to-moderate asthma enrolled in 2 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Childhood Asthma Research and Education Network studies (Characterizing the Response to a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and an Inhaled Corticosteroid [CLIC] and the Pediatric Asthma Controller Trial [PACT]) were analyzed. The association between LTE 4 /FE NO ratios at baseline and improved lung function or asthma control days (ACDs) with montelukast and FP therapy was determined, and phenotypic characteristics related to high ratios were assessed. Results LTE 4 /FE NO ratios were associated with a greater response to montelukast than FP therapy for FEV 1 measurements (2.1% increase per doubling of ratio, P = .001) and for ACDs per week (0.3-ACD increase, P = .009) in the CLIC study. In PACT the ratio was associated with greater FEV 1 responsiveness to montelukast than FP therapy (0.6% increase, P = .03). In a combined study analysis, LTE 4 /FE NO ratios were associated with greater response to montelukast than FP therapy for FEV 1 (0.8% increase, P = .0005) and ACDs (0.3-ACD increase, P = .008). Children with LTE 4 /FE NO ratios at or above the 75th percentile were likely ( P Conclusion LTE 4 /FE NO ratios predict a better response to montelukast than FP therapy in children with mild-to-moderate asthma.
Pediatric burn injuries treated in US emergency departments between 1990 and 2006.

Objective: The goal was to examine comprehensively the patterns and trends of burn-related injuries in children, adolescents, and young adults treated in US emergency departments between 1990 and 2006. Methods: Through use of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, cases of nonfatal burn-related injuries were selected by using diagnosis codes for burns (scalds, thermal, chemical, radiation, electrical, and not specified). Sample weights were used to calculate national estimates. US Census Bureau data were used to calculate injury rates per 10000 individuals Language: en
X-ray crystal structure of C.I. Disperse Yellow 86

Abstract In conjunction with studies pertaining to the design of lightfast dyes for PET, the X-ray crystal structure of C.I. Disperse Yellow 86 has been solved to R=0.067 using 1999 independent reflections of MoKα radiation, collected by the ω-scan method at a variable speed. Results showed that C.I. Disperse Yellow 86 is non-planar, with a dihedral angle of 35.3° between the phenyl rings. In addition, the ortho-nitroanilino moiety of this dye is planar, due to a hydrogen bond between the nitro group and the adjacent amino hydrogen atom. ©
Localized functionally modified glass fibers with carbon nanotube networks for crack sensing in composites using time domain reflectometry

Abstract An electric time domain reflectometry (TDR) based sensing approach with an external parallel plate transmission line has been developed to evaluate high-frequency electromagnetic changes in composites due to applied load and internal damage. A model system of cross-ply glass fiber/vinyl ester composites with and without the selective integration of localized carbon nanotube (CNT) networks was studied where microcracking and delamination are introduced during tensile loading. A sizing technique has been used for localized functional modification using CNTs. The TDR sensing approach has been correlated with strain and acoustic emission (AE) measurements as well as micrographs of edge replicas capturing the damage state. Both the nanotube modified and baseline composites have similar mechanical properties and damage progression which is reflected in similar stress–strain plots, AE measurements and edge replica studies. However, the CNT introduced composites have enhanced strain and damage dependent TDR response. Hence, through localized functional modification of the composite electromagnetic properties using CNTs and the electromagnetic–mechanical property coupling of CNTs, it is possible to (1) increase TDR sensitivity to strain and (2) sense development of micro-scale cracks. This approach offers potential for use in existing composite structures or permanently integrated during the manufacturing process and is in situ and non-invasive.
Public Spending on the Arts as Morality Policy: The Structure of Public Attitudes

Successfully reframing a political issue as morality policy should strengthen the hand of those charging immorality. However, reframers face a daunting task in shifting public opinion. In 1989, Christian conservatives attempted to reframe the debate over federal funding for the arts from waste to immorality, by attacking grants for “anti-Christian” and “homoerotic” art. Using General Social Survey data from before, during, and after the attempted reframing, this article assesses the reframers’ success in heightening the salience of religion, commitment to civil liberties, and attitudes toward sexuality in public thinking about government spending on the arts.
Geometrical Optics in Absorbing Media.

The problem of propagation of rays in a medium of variable absorption and refraction has acquired some practical importance in radiotelegraphy. The radio waves penetrate into the conducting and absorbing layer of the upper atmosphere(1) and describe there a certain path. The question was brought to my attention by Dr. B. Van der Pol of Eindhoven (Holland) who asked me to give a formula by which the shape of a ray in the conducting layer could be computed. The solution given in this paper is not restricted to electromagnetic rays, but applies, equally well, to waves and rays of other types. With respect to the radio waves, one of our results is that the rays, after going up, do not bend down again and do not ever come back to earth. The rays, observed by the receiving station, as coming from the conducting layers are not primary but secondary waves produced in it by reflection. The writer is preparing a second paper dealing with the problem of space reflection in an inhomogeneous absorbing medium.
Rat galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase coding sequence, transcription start site and genomic organization

Galactosemia is an inborn error of metabolism in humans due to deficient activity of the enzyme galactose-1 -phosphate uridyl-transferase (GALT). Using a 1.3 kb Bam HI restriction fragment of the human GALT cDNA as a probe, three cDNAs, 786 bp, 265 bp and 1.4 kb were isolated from a rat liver cDNA library. The total rat GALT coding sequence obtained from these three clones was 1051 nt. Repeat cDNA library screening failed to isolate cDNA clones with additional 5′-coding sequence. Using the 786 bp cDNA as a probe, three genomic clones, RGG1, RGG2, and RGG3 were isolated from a rat genomic library. RGG2 and RGG3 contained additional 5′-coding sequence, missing from the cDNA clones, which was identified by comparison with the human cDNA sequence. The rat GALT sequence, from transcription start site to the polyadenylation tail, is 1254 nt and is divided into 11 exons which span over 3.5 kb of genomic sequence. Primer extension identified the transcription start site as 17 nt 5′ to the translation start site. ...
Effects of Tic-Related Conversation on Rate of Tics in Two Siblings

Abstract This study examined the effects of tic related conversation on motor and vocal tics in two siblings ages 11 and 12 diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome. Using a multi-element design, the siblings were exposed to tic related conversation that was directed toward each sibling individually and with both siblings. A non-tic-related conversation served as a control condition. For both siblings, the rate of tics was greater during tic-related conversation conditions relative to control sessions. However, there was some variability in responding across siblings and those results are described in detail. Moreover, results are discussed in terms of implications for science and practice as they relate to tic disorders.
Prototypical paradigms and questions in life-span research on development and aging.

Model characteristics of a life-span approach to the study of psychological aging are reviewed. Focusing on a selected set of model attributes related to the tasks of describing, explaining, and modifying intraindividual and interindividual patterns of development and aging (continuity vs. discontinuity of antecedent-consequent relationships, concurrent vs. historical paradigms, time-lag relationships, treatment by history interactions, etc.) a number of questions prototypical of a life-span view of aging are derived. The primary conclusion is that a life-span view of aging redirects conventional thinking about psychological aging as a fixer,- decrement phenomenon toward a systematic analysis of the aging process in terms of dynamic and interactive man-environment systems and a more variable view of the aging process relative to its form and directionality. Furthermore, it facilitates the conceptualization of prevention efforts aimed at optimizing the aging process in a changing society.
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) select Arabic numerals or visual quantities corresponding to a number of sequentially completed maze trials

Four number-trained rhesus monkeys were trained to enumerate their sequential responses. After completing a series of computerized maze trials, the monkeys were given a same/different discrimination involving a numerical stimulus (an Arabic numeral or a visual quantity) and the letterD. The goal was to choose the numerical stimulus if it matched the number of just-completed maze trials, and to choose the letterD if it did not. There were large individual differences in performance, but one animal performed above 70% when receiving randomly intermixed series of 1, 3, 5, and 9 maze trials. This indicates that the monkey was keeping track of the approximate number of maze trials completed in each series and using that numerical cue to respond during the same/different discrimination.
Race and Caregiving

Abstract Over the progressive course of Alzheimer's disease, a continuum of services is needed to assist caregivers in coping with the changing demands of the patient. Yet, studies continue to indicate that caregivers use few programs with use particularly poor among minority groups. This longitudinal study of 300 African-American and white caregivers seeking assistance from the Alzheimer's Association indicates that non-use is pervasive among both groups even though almost all report both needs for and intentions to use I & R services and support groups. The findings indicate that support groups can have a positive impact on well-being, efforts should be made to encourage participation, particularly for the most vulnerable caregivers.
IT-Enabled Corporate Governance: The Characteristics and Determinants of Web-based Corporate Governance Disclosures

Sophisticated information technologies allow companies to provide stakeholders with more transparency. Web-based disclosures have the advantages of low cost, mass reach, frequency and speed, and yet the extent of Internet disclosure varies across companies and industries. Drawing on interdisciplinary work in information technology and corporate governance, in this paper, the authors examine the S&P 100 companies' use of the Web for corporate governance information disclosure and analyze the association between the Web disclosing practice and firm attributes. Their findings support the proposition that Web-based disclosure decisions were associated with various firm specific attributes. This study has implications for the strategic role of the Internet and Web in disclosure and transparency.
1-Hydroxy-1H-benzo[d][1,2,6]oxazaborinin-4(3H)-one.

The structure of the title compound, C7H6BNO3, a new boron heterocycle, prepared by the condensation of (2-eth­oxy­carbonyl­phen­yl)boronic acid and hydroxyl­amine, reveals the specific mode of intra­molecular condensation between a phenyl­boronic acid and an ortho hydroxamic acid substituent. The crystal structure shows that dehydration occurs to form a planar oxaza­borinine ring possessing both phenol-like B—O—H and lactam functional groups. In the extended structure, inter­molecular hydrogen bonding generates a 14-membered ring. To our knowledge, this is the first crystal structure determination involving a six-membered ring that exhibits consecutive B—OH, O, NH, and C=O functional groups.
Applying a model-based observer to estimate pilot expectation

This paper applies a model-based observer (MBO) to estimate the best possible pilot expectation of the aircraft state based on knowledge of the aircraft dynamics, vestibular system sensing, and a given visual scan. This paper presents a few case studies where the MBO is applied in various flight regimes reflecting common maneuvers observed in spatial disorientation related accidents. The results demonstrate how key pilot scanning behaviors during the maneuvers can foster or hinder pilot's expectation of the aircraft state, and the paper concludes with a discussion of potential implications for pilot training and design of flightdeck displays and alerting systems.
Generation of Alternative Feature Representations and Feature Precedence Relations for Feature-Based Process Planning

This work deals with the analysis and transfer of design information, expressed in terms of features, from feature-based CAD models to CAPP systems in order to perform process planning. In this paper, we present an integrated system that retrieves design information from a feature-based CAD model, performs feature mapping, identifies interactions between features, generates alternative feature representations and feature precedence relations. The alternative feature representations provides the process planner with more flexibility in terms of process selection and are shown in the form of an AND-OR graph. The feature precedence relations, represented as a directed feature precedence network, assist the process planner in its process sequencing tasks. Feature mapping involves the mapping of design features into equivalent valid machining features. Feature interactions are identified by analyzing part geometry for face adjacency and hence feature adjacency. The interacting features are then analyzed to identify possible alternative feature representations and feature precedence relationships. Procedures for the identification of feature interactions and determination of alternative feature representations and feature precedence relationships are provided. The generated AND-OR graph and the feature precedence network seeks to aid CAPP systems in process sequence generation and serve as a vital step for the integration of design and planning systems.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Excluded from the record: Women, refugees and relief, 1914–1929

Excluded from the record: Women, refugees and relief, 1914–1929, by Katherine Storr, Oxford, Peter Lang, 2010, xii + 318 pp., US$70.95, £41.00, ISBN 978-3-03911-855-7 In Excluded from the Record: W...
The Wide Range Achievement Test-4 Reading subtest "holds" in HIV-infected individuals.

Background: In order to detect HIV-associated neurocognitive decline, it is important to accurately estimate individuals’ premorbid levels of cognitive functioning. Although previous studies have operated under the assumption that word reading tests are valid and stable indicators of premorbid abilities in HIV infection, studies of other populations have found that this is not always the case. Therefore, it is important to empirically examine the validity of word reading tests as estimates of premorbid functioning specifically within the HIV population. Method: The Wide Range Achievement Test–4 Reading subtest (WRAT–4 Reading) was administered along with comprehensive neurocognitive assessments to 150 HIV seropositive (HIV+) and 76 HIV seronegative (HIV–) age-, education-, and sex-matched participants; a subset of 48 HIV+ individuals completed a second study visit (M = 14.4 months), in which the alternate version of the WRAT–4 was administered. Results: Although HIV+ individuals evidenced worse current ne...
Loran-C and the land-mobile environment

In the last few years interest in automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems has been increasing. Several systems have been proposed employing a wide variety of location sensors, including the use of the LORAN-C radionavigation system. The LORAN-C system is described in detail and the operation of a LORAN-C receiver is explained. Receiver design is discussed, including the sources of error which must be taken into account. Special consideration is given to the differences between the land-mobile environment and the marine environment for which the LORAN system was originally designed.
Specific adhesion of carcinoembryonic antigen-bearing colorectal cancer cells to immobilized carcinoembryonic antigen.

Abstract Recent characterization of the genomic structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is consistent with that of a cellular adhesion molecule. To examine this function in colorectal cancer, the adherence of cell lines to microtiter wells coated with CEA and well-described adhesive molecules was determined. The CEA-positive cell line LoVo and the CEA-devoid cell line H-Meso-1 did not differ in adherence to the extracellular matrix proteins laminin, collagen and fibronectin, whereas LoVo cells adhered to CEA (10 μg/well) in a specific manner (43% bound cells vs. 1.5% bound cells with BSA or α-acidglycoprotein controls, P
Cytotoxicity of poly(phenolic)sulfonates and their sodium salts in l1210 lymphoid leukemia cells.

Poly(phenolic)-sulfonates demonstrated very good cytotoxicity against the growth of tumor cell lines (L1210, Tmolt-3, HeLa-S3) and are comparable in potency with typical clinically used anticancer drugs. Four of the most active compounds, i.e. GL-2021, GL-2029, GL-2041 and GL-2063, were selected for a mode of action study in L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells at concentration of 25μM to 100μM for 60 min. The agents did not alkylate bases of ct-DNA, cause intercalation between base pairs, produce cross linking of ct-DNA strands or generate free radicals although L1210 DNA fragmentation was observed after 24 hr incubation. L1210 DNA synthesis was preferentially inhibited which was achieved by (1) suppressing DNA polymerase α activity which reduced the synthesis of new strands of DNA, (2) reducing of de novo purine synthesis at the regulatory enzyme PRPP amido transferase which reduced d(GMP) levels, and (3) inhibiting of nucleoside kinase activities which further reduced DNA synthesis. DNA template activity was altered by the poly(phenolic)sulfonates since they reduced DNA polymerase α and m-RNA and t-RNA polymerase activities. The kinetic studies at 50 μM over 2 hr demonstrated that the agents’ effect on PRPP-amido transferase activity is probably a major target of the compounds.
Multivariate volume visualization through dynamic projections

We propose a multivariate volume visualization framework that tightly couples dynamic projections with a high-dimensional transfer function design for interactive volume visualization. We assume that the complex, high-dimensional data in the attribute space can be well-represented through a collection of low-dimensional linear subspaces, and embed the data points in a variety of 2D views created as projections onto these subspaces. Through dynamic projections, we present animated transitions between different views to help the user navigate and explore the attribute space for effective transfer function design. Our framework not only provides a more intuitive understanding of the attribute space but also allows the design of the transfer function under multiple dynamic views, which is more flexible than being restricted to a single static view of the data. For large volumetric datasets, we maintain interactivity during the transfer function design via intelligent sampling and scalable clustering. Using examples in combustion and climate simulations, we demonstrate how our framework can be used to visualize interesting structures in the volumetric space.
Private giving versus state funding: Perspectives on funding of Maryland 4-year public institutions

This study examined the relationship between and among the changes in the level of institutional fundraising and changes in state funding at Maryland public 4-year institutions. As institutions have become more engaged in fundraising, the impact of private giving success on changes in state funding becomes more apparent in the context of increased fiscal constraint, and as a mechanism to help ensure institutional competitiveness. Anecdotal theory and attitudinal surveys indicated that public funding reductions were considered when private giving increased. Using 13 cases based on 10 years of data from 13 institutions, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression testing results were analyzed using data from several state and national databases. Private giving, state funding, wealth indicators (including the endowment expenditure ratio (EER) and the state pseudo endowment) and ranking indicators, comprised the types of variables tested. Several statistically significant correlations were found, including a moderate, positive correlation between Total Private Giving and State Funding per full-time equivalent (FTE) Student. Simple regression testing indicated a portion of State Funding per FTE Student could be explained by Total Private Giving. This research interpolated that virtually no change was predicted in State Funding per FTE Student per dollar Change in Total Private Giving. Other correlations included statistical significance between private giving variables and several ranking indicators. Many of these indicators were also correlated with state funding. The findings revealed no statistically significant evidence that private giving was used to supplant state funds. Hidden reductions in state funding increases may have occurred, although this research was unable to extract such findings from the analysis. There was an indication that state funding did not keep pace with inflation. On the basis of the findings, an operational model was developed to assist institutional advancement and government relations efforts to maximize funding. The model introduced the pseudo endowment, a fiscal resource variable enabling comparisons between public and private institutions and their assets supporting operations. Discussion of supplanting theory was also raised as an outcome of this model and the underlying research.
Theory of optical second-harmonic generation from a sphere of centrosymmetric material: Small-particle limit

The electromagnetic theory of optical second-harmonic generation from small spherical particles comprised of centrosymmetric material is presented. The interfacial region where the inversion symmetry is broken provides a source of the nonlinearity. This response is described by a general surface nonlinear susceptibility tensor for an isotropic interface. In addition, the appropriate weak bulk terms for an isotropic centrosymmetric medium are introduced. The linear optical response of the sphere and the surrounding region is assumed to be isotropic, but otherwise arbitrary. The analysis is carried out to leading order in the ratio of (a/λ), the particle radius to the wavelength of the incident light, and can be considered as the Rayleigh limit for second-harmonic generation from a sphere. Emission from the sphere arises from both induced electric dipole and electric quadrupole moments at the second-harmonic frequency. The former requires a nonlocal excitation mechanism in which the phase variation of the pump beam across the sphere is considered, while the latter is present for a local-excitation mechanism. The locally excited electric dipole term, analogous to the source for linear Rayleigh scattering, is absent for the nonlinear case because of the overall inversion symmetry of the problem. The second-harmonic field is found to scale as (a/λ)3 and to be completely determined by two effective nonlinear susceptibility coefficients formed as a prescribed combination of the surface and bulk nonlinearities. Characteristic angular and polarization selection rules resulting from the mechanism of the radiation process are presented. Various experimental aspects of the problem are examined, including the expected signal strengths and methods of determining the nonlinear susceptibilities. The spectral characteristics associated with the geometry of a small sphere are also discussed, and distinctive localized plasmon resonances are identified.
Localization performance of coherent MIMO radar systems subject to phase synchronization errors

Localization advantages of coherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar systems are reliant on full phase synchronization among all participating radars. Phase synchronization errors are practically inevitable, reflecting on the system localization performance. In this paper quantitative tools to asses this effect are provided. The lower bound on the mean-square error (MSE) is set by the hybrid Cramer-Rao bound (HCRB) for the joint estimation of the target location and the phase synchronization offsets at the radars. The latter are modeled as random unknown. The HCRB of the unknown target location is shown to be equal to the CRB derived by discarding the random phase synchronization errors through marginalization, i.e., treating them as nuisance parameters. Therefore, the HCRB closed-form expression provides an asymptotically tight bound on target location estimation MSE at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The bound is shown to follow the CRB in the absence of phase errors up to a threshold point, determined by the synchronization error variance, the SNR, and the number of mismatched transmitting and receiving sensors. Beyond this point, the HCRB asymptotically reaches a lower limit, proportional to the synchronization errors variance and independent of the SNR. The value of the threshold point and lower limit are determined for symmetrical radar deployments.
The Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyether Based Soluble Polyurethanes

It was undertaken to develop a rmovable material which would have properties similar to crosslinked, insoluble encapsulants but allow rework capability. Applications require minimal creep at 80/sup 0/C, tensile yield strength of approx. 14 Mpa (2000 psi), glass-transition temperature of approx. -70/sup 0/C, percent elongation of approx. 400%, volume resistivity > 10/sup 10/ ohm-cm, and a shear modulus of 14-27 Mpa (2000-4000 psi) which does not decrease significantly in the temperature range 20-120/sup 0/C. A series of polyether-based soluble polyurethanes has been synthesized and a number of mechanical and electrical properties have been measured. The polyurethanes were forumulated using bitolylene diisocyanate (TODI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (several molecular weights were tried) and two different diols. A number of forumulations were tried and efforts concentrated on the two most promising materials. Since it was determined that the cure was not complete after the standard length of time (16 hours, verified by an isocyanate absorption in the infrared scan at 2280 cm/sup -1/), a post cure of sixteen hours was carried out. Average test results on the two best formulations were: (1) shear modulus 30-35 Mpa, (2) glass transition temperature -70/sup 0/C, (3) 400 percent elongation, (4) tensile strength 14 Mpa, (5) volumemore » resistivity 10/sup 13/ ohm-cm, and (6) solubility in tetrahydrofuran. The post cure did not significantly improve any of the properties of the material.« less
Mechanical properties and XRD studies of silicon carbide inert matrix fuel fabricated by a low temperature polymer precursor route

Abstract The mechanical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) inert matrix fuel (IMF) pellets fabricated by a low temperature (1050 °C) polymer precursor route were evaluated at room temperature. The Vickers hardness was mainly related to the chemical bonding strength between the amorphous SiC phase and the β-SiC particles. The biaxial fracture strength with pre-notch and fracture toughness were found to be mostly controlled by the pellet density. The maximum Vickers hardness, biaxial fracture strength with pre-notch and fracture toughness achieved were 5.6 GPa, 201 MPa and 2.9 MPa m 1/2 respectively. These values appear to be superior to the reference MOX or UO 2 fuels. Excellent thermal shock resistance for the fabricated SiC IMF was proven and the values were compared to conventional UO 2 pellets. XRD studies showed that ceria (PuO 2 surrogate) chemically reacted with the polymer precursor during sintering, forming cerium oxysilicate. Whether PuO 2 will chemically react in a similar manner remains unclear.
Intraoperative stroke volume optimization using stroke volume, arterial pressure, and heart rate: closed-loop (learning intravenous resuscitator) versus anesthesiologists.

Objective The authors compared the performance of a group of anesthesia providers to closed-loop (Learning Intravenous Resuscitator [LIR]) management in a simulated hemorrhage scenario using cardiac output monitoring. Design A prospective cohort study. Setting In silico simulation. Participants University hospital anesthesiologists and the LIR closed-loop fluid administration system. Interventions Using a patient simulator, a 90-minute simulated hemorrhage protocol was run, which included a 1,200-mL blood loss over 30 minutes. Twenty practicing anesthesiology providers were asked to manage this scenario by providing fluids and vasopressor medication at their discretion. The simulation program was also run 20 times with the LIR closed-loop algorithm managing fluids and an additional 20 times with no intervention. Measurements and Main Results Simulated patient weight, height, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output (CO) were similar at baseline. The mean stroke volume, the mean arterial pressure, CO, and the final CO were higher in the closed-loop group than in the practitioners group, and the coefficient of variance was lower. The closed-loop group received slightly more fluid (2.1 v 1.9 L, p Conclusions Despite the roughly similar volumes of fluid given, the closed-loop maintained more stable hemodynamics than the practitioners primarily because the fluid was given earlier in the protocol and CO optimized before the hemorrhage began, whereas practitioners tended to resuscitate well but only after significant hemodynamic change indicated the need. Overall, these data support the potential usefulness of this closed-loop algorithm in clinical settings in which dynamic predictors are not available or applicable.
Love and Marriage in Modern America: A Functional Analysis*

(1965). Love and Marriage in Modern America: A Functional Analysis. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 361-377.
Effect of particle inertia on the instability of a particle-laden flow

Abstract The instability of a particle-laden flow subjected to velocity shear and differential particle loading was studied using the perturbation method. The momentum equations for particles and fluid are coupled at the order of the perturbation variable. The fluid-induced particle fluctuation is included explicitly. Therefore, it is not necessary to assume that particles are immobile at the perturbation time-scale (i.e. large Stokes number). A modified Rayleigh equation was derived. For a piece-wise linear velocity distribution and a step-function particle concentration distribution, the dispersion equation is an eighth-order polynomial equation, which was solved using the numerical and symbolic computation software MATHEMATICA. It was found that particle inertia not only modifies the shear instability but also gives rise to a second instability that depends critically on differential particle loading. The effects of particle mass loading, the Stokes number (the ratio of the particle response time and the flow time-scale), and the wave number of an infinitesimal disturbance, were examined.
Superfluidity of 3He and heavy fermions

Abstract In this talk I examine the similaraties and differences between superfluidity in liquid 3 He and superconductivity in heavy-fermion systems, and ask what lessons, if any, can be drawn from the former for the latter. Among other things I discuss the effects of translation invariance or the lack of it, possible symmetries and the role of “Fermi-liquid” effects in the two systems.
The nature of O2 reactivity leading to topa quinone in the copper amine oxidase from Hansenula polymorpha and its relationship to catalytic turnover.

The copper amine oxidases (CAOs) catalyze the O2-dependent, two-electron oxidation of amines to aldehydes at an active site that contains Cu(II) and topaquinone (TPQ) cofactor. TPQ arises from the autocatalytic, post-translational oxidation of a tyrosine side chain in the active site. Monooxygenation within the ring of tyrosine at a single Cu(II) site is unique in biology and occurs as an early step in the formation of TPQ. The mechanism of this reaction has been further examined in the CAO from Hansenula polymorpha (HPAO). When a Clark electrode fitted to a custom-made, gastight apparatus over a range of initial concentrations of O2 was used, rates of O2 consumption at levels greater than air are seen to be reduced relative to earlier results, yielding KD(apparent) = 216 μM for O2. This is consistent with a mechanism in which O2 binds reversibly to the active site, triggering a conformational change that promotes ligation of tyrosinate to Cu(II). The activated Cu(II)-tyrosinate species has been proposed ...
The influence of plant growth regulators and light on microtuber induction and formation in Dioscorea alata L. cultures

The effects of plant growth regulators, light intensity, and end-of-day (EOD) light quality treatments on node and microtuber induction (% of cultures with microtubers) and development (fresh weight of microtubers) in yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Oriental) cultures were investigated. Nodal segments were excised from plantlets cultured on tuberization medium containing growth regulators and exposed to various light treatments. Absciscic acid (1 μM) stimulated and cytokinins (2.5 μM) inhibited microtuber development from yam nodal segments cultured on Mantell's and Hugo's full-strength tuberization medium under 8-h photoperiods. EOD far-red (FR) light inhibited microtuber induction and development and enhanced node formation. EOD FR light effects were nullified by immediately following the FR treatment with red light. This suggested the involvement of phytochrome in these processes. The lowest light intensity evaluated (12 μmol m−2 s−1) inhibited microtuber, root and shoot production as compared to light intensities of 42, 72 and 102 μmol m−2 s−1. Kinetin (2.5 μm) in half-strength tuberization medium inhibited microtuber induction and development but did not affect node production in the light intensity evaluation.
Locality and globality in phonological variation

This paper explores the consequences of Harmonic Serialism (HS), a derivational variant of OT, for local and global phonological variation. Variation is local when each locus within a single form may vary independently, as in French schwa deletion. Variation is global when all loci within a single form must covary, as in labial (de)voicing in Warao. Within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT) with parallel evaluation, only global variation is predicted to exist. In this paper, I show how implementing a multiple-rankings theory of phonological variation within HS accounts for both local and global variation.
Thermodynamics of the lanthanum-hydrogen system at 917°K

The binary system lanthanum-hydrogen has been studied at pressures up to 1 atm at 917/sup 0/K by a calorimetric-equilibrium method. From the calorimetric measurements we found the enthalpy of formation of LaH/sub 2/ at 917/sup 0/K to be -45.7 kcal mole/sup -1/ with an estimated uncertainty at +- 0.3 kcal mole/sup -1/. This result is about 4 kcal mole/sup -1/ less negative than the values derived indirectly from plateau pressure equilibrium measurements by Mulford and Halley and by Korst and Warf. A comparison between the calorimetric and equilibrium measurements at 917/sup 0/K provides information on the partial entropy of hydrogen in lanthanum and in the dihydride LaH/sub 2 +- delta/. The excess entropy of hydrogen in lanthanum is about 6 cal K/sup -1/ mole/sup -1/ at 917/sup 0/K; this value is essentially fully accounted for by the estimated vibrational entropy contribution of the hydrogen atoms. In LaH/sub 2 +- delta/ the partial entropy of hydrogen changes from small negative values at X approx. = 1.95 to positive values for X > 2. This entropy change is explained by an assumed intrinsic disorder of hydrogen in LaH/sub 2/ of about 0.02.
Self-generated learning in people with multiple sclerosis: An extension of Chiaravalloti and DeLuca (2002)

Although memory impairment is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), few interventions have been tested to remediate forgetfulness in MS. Chiaravalloti and DeLuca (2002) examined the memory benefit of self-generated encoding over didactic presentation in people with MS and a control group. They found that self-generated encoding enhanced memory of MS patients and a control group alike. The present study extended this finding by examining self-generated encoding in memory-impaired MS patients as well. A control group and MS patients with and without memory impairment learned word-pairs that were either self-generated or didactically presented. All groups remembered more self-generated words than those that were read aloud, and severity of memory impairment failed to moderate this memory benefit. Implications of these findings for cognitive rehabilitation and the nature of memory impairment in MS are discussed.
Partial pressures and Gibbs free energy of formation for congruently subliming CdTe(c)

The partial pressures of Cd(g) and Te2(g) over congruently subliming CdTe(c) between 780° and 939°C were determined by measuring the optical density of the coexisting vapor at 2287, 3650, 4357 and 5000 A. It is found that pCd = 2pTc2 and log pTc2(atm) = −(1.00 × 104)T + 6.346. The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of Cd1−xTex(c) from Cd(g) and Te2(g) is ΔG°[CdTe(c)] = −68.64 + 44.94(10−3)T kcalmole, independent of composition. This expression agrees quite well with those which represent the data obtained in electro-chemical and effusion experiments at lower temperatures, although the equilibrium state studied in the present investigation is different from the steady state attained in effusion experiments.
An Euler contribution to stable theory from Süssmilch's göttliche Ordnung.

Abstract In a paper published in 1760, the great Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler developed relationships between age structure and vital rates that would hold for stable populations, but without attention to the process by which stabilization comes about. He had not overlooked the latter problem. We introduce in this paper an earlier brief communication of his to Johann Peter Sussmilch in which he postulates that stability must ultimately result if fertility and mortality regimes are fixed. The mathematical treatment of this concept had not been thought to predate Alfred Lotka's work in the early part of the present century.
Origin of composite dikes in the Gouldsboro granite, coastal Maine

Abstract Composite dikes, consisting of aphyric basaltic margins and phenocryst-rich rhyolitic interiors, cut the Gouldsboro granite of coastal Maine at many localities. Limited hybridization (exchange of crystals, commingling, and mixing) occurs in most of the dikes and indicates that the two magmas were contemporaneous with emplacement of rhyolitic magma following closely in time the initial emplacement of the basaltic dike. Petrographic characteristics and geochemistry indicate that the source of the rhyolite was resident magma in the Gouldsboro granite magma chamber. The composite dikes formed when basaltic dikes ruptured the Gouldsboro magma chamber, permitting partly crystallized magma from the margin of the chamber to flow outward into the center of the basaltic dikes. Field relations of similar composite dikes in other areas (e.g., Iceland, Scotland) are consistent with this model. A second type of composite dike (silicic margins with chilled basaltic pillows) commonly cuts mafic intrusions along the Maine coast and probably formed when a granitic dike ruptured an established chamber of mafic magma, permitting resident mafic magma to collapse downward into the still Liquid granitic dike. Most composite dikes have probably formed when a magma chamber was disrupted by a dike of contrasting magma rather than by tapping a stratified magma chamber.
Trace element distributions in the water column near the Deepwater Horizon well blowout.

To understand the impact of the Deepwater Horizon well blowout on dissolved trace element concentrations, samples were collected from areas around the oil rig explosion site during four cruises in early and late May 2010, October 2010, and October 2011. In surface waters, Ba, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Co were relatively well correlated with salinity during all cruises, suggesting mixing with river water was the main influence on metal distributions in these waters. However, in deep oil/gas plumes (1000–1400 m depth), modestly elevated concentrations of Co and Ba were observed in late May, compared with postblowout conditions. Analysis of the oil itself along with leaching experiments confirm the oil as the source of the Co, whereas increased Ba was likely due to drilling mud used in the top kill attempt. Deep plume dissolved Mn largely reflected natural benthic input, though some samples showed slight elevation probably associated with the top kill. Dissolved Fe concentrations were low and also appeared largely...