cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cytoxan?-Induced Heteropenia on the Response of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens to Infectious Bronchitis

SUMMARY. Epithelial damage in infectious bronchitis occurs early in the disease process. Heterophil infiltration into the tracheal mucosa is greatest at that time. To determine the contribution of heterophils to tracheal epithelial damage of infectious bronchitis, eight 3-wkold specific-pathogen-free chickens were made heteropenic by four daily intramuscular injections of cyclophosphamide at 75 mg/kg body weight. Infection with Massachusetts 41 infectious bronchitis virus was timed to coordinate heteropenia with peak tracheal epithelial damage. Heteropenia was monitored by total leukocyte and differential cell counts of peripheral blood. Tissue damage and heterophil infiltrate were monitored by histopathology of tissues taken at termination of the study. Heteropenic birds had lower peripheral blood and tracheal heterophil numbers than nonheteropenic birds. No difference was found in epithelial damage of heteropenic and nonheteropenic birds. Epithelial damage in infectious bronchitis is most likely due to damage by the virus and not due to the infiltrated heterophils.
VISUAL EVOKED RESPONSE ANOMALIES IN A PATIENT WITH FRIEDREICH's ATAXIA

Steady state visual evoked responses were studied in a patient with the clinical diagnosis of Friedreich’s ataxia. Ophthalmologic examination revealed no anomalies including visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes, full visual field in both eyes, normal screening color vision, absence of optic atrophy and absence of nystagmus. Steady state VER revealed a monocular moderately attenuated signal in the left eye at 12 and 16 Hz and a markedly attenuated signal at 20 and 25 Hz. This contrasted with a normal VER in the right eye. The patient died of cardiac failure secondary to cardiomyopathy associated with Friedreich’s ataxia. Autopsy examination of the brain revealed a number of structural changes. The spinal cord had the usual severe demyelination and axonal changes associated with Friedreich’s ataxia. Histologic examination of the optic nerves showed no abnormality in the right nerve but focal axonal swelling, and some evidence of demyelination in the left optic nerve.
Water Interactions with Nanoporous Silica: Comparison of ReaxFF and ab Initio based Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Detailed understanding of the reactions and processes which govern silicate–water interactions is critical to geological, materials, and environmental sciences. Interactions between water and nanoporous silica were studied using classical molecular dynamics with a Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF), and the results were compared with density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Two versions of ReaxFF Si/O/H parametrizations (Yeon et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 305 and Fogarty et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 174704) were compared with AIMD results to identify differences in local structures, water dissociation mechanisms, energy barriers, and diffusion behaviors. Results identified reaction mechanisms consisting of two different intermediate structures involved in the removal of high energy two-membered ring (2-Ring) defects on complex nanoporous silica surfaces. Intermediate defects lifetimes affect hydroxylation and 2-Ring defect removal. Additionally, the limite...
Separation and pseudo-coloring of high-speed bright-field microscopy images of the beating embryonic heart

High-speed, bright-field (BF) microscopy of the beating embryonic zebrafish heart reveals both static background structures as well as the rapid motion of cardiac tissues and red blood cells (RBCs). However, all structures contribute to BF image contrast in a similar way, making labeling and subsequent analysis of these images difficult. Here, we report on our progress to separate cardiac BF images into three separate channels, based on the periodic, aperiodic, or static motion patterns respective to each of the cardiac structures. Specifically, we improve on a previously developed algorithm that was limited to two-class separation only. We show that the three extracted channels can be recombined into a pseudo-colored sequence in which RBCs as well as heart wall and background structures appear in different colors. We anticipate that these improvements will facilitate quantitative characterization of heart function during normal and abnormal cardiac development.
Emotions and the Society of Mind

What on Earth could emotions be, if they aren’t thoughts and they aren’t things? What enables a mind to thrill to the sound of a trumpet or be jealous of a rival? And what makes such matters so hard to understand? Certain problems are hard to solve because they are genuinely intricate but, sometimes, when a subject seems intractably mysterious, the difficulty stems instead from flaws in our own attitudes. The problem itself might not be so hard, but if the way we’ve framed it is wrong, then we may find clues by studying the character of our own confusion. Emotions seem mysterious for both kinds of reasons. There can be no doubt that emotions come from truly intricate machinery. But we then proceed to make matters worse because our own emotions interfere with how we think about them. For any problem so complex, we must do what science always does: propose a model with simple parts — setting aside, at least at first, all but their most essential details.
Examining the safety impacts of narrow lane widths on urban/suburban arterials: Estimation of a panel data random parameters negative binomial model

ABSTRACTDesign practices in the United States generally allow substantial flexibility in the design of cross-sectional elements of urban and suburban arterial roadways. The operational and safety performance of such facilities is influenced by a variety of design controls, which influence the selection of important cross-sectional components, such as the number of lanes, lane widths, and the presence of shoulders, medians, or on-street parking. This study assesses the effects of lane width on the safety performance of urban and suburban arterial segments in the State of Nebraska. Ten years of traffic crash, volume, and roadway geometry data are analyzed to discern differences in the frequency of sideswipe-same direction and rear-end collisions across four functional classes of urban arterials. Crashes generally decreased as lane width increased, with 10-ft. lanes experiencing 18.1% more rear-end crashes and 27% more same-direction sideswipe collisions. In general, 12-ft. lanes showed fewer crashes than 11...
Exclusive studies of the GDR in excited nuclei

Abstract The GDR in 164 Er at 62 MeV excitation energy has been studied in coincidence with the evaporation residues, selected using the Argonne fragment mass analyzer (FMA). The statistical model fit to the data indicate that 164 Er ∗ has a prolate shape with deformation similar to the ground state.
Numerical simulations of aerosol delivery to the human lung with an idealized laryngeal model, image-based airway model, and automatic meshing algorithm

The authors proposed a new method to automatically mesh computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional human airway geometry for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations of pulmonary gas-flow and aerosol delivery. Traditional methods to construct and mesh realistic geometry were time-consuming, because they were done manually using image-processing and mesh-generating programs. Furthermore, most of CT thoracic image data sets do not include the upper airway structures. To overcome these issues, the proposed method consists of CFD grid-size distribution, an automatic meshing algorithm, and the addition of a laryngeal model along with turbulent velocity inflow boundary condition attached to the proximal end of the trachea. The method is based on our previously developed geometric model with irregular centerlines and cross-sections fitted to CT segmented airway surfaces, dubbed the "fitted-surface model." The new method utilizes anatomical information obtained from the one-dimensional tree, e.g., skeleton connectivity and branch diameters, to efficiently generate optimal CFD mesh, automatically impose boundary conditions, and systematically reduce simulation results. The aerosol deposition predicted by the proposed method agreed well with the prediction by a traditional CT-based model, and the laryngeal model generated a realistic level of turbulence in the trachea. Furthermore, the computational time was reduced by factor of two without losing accuracy by using the proposed grid-size distribution. The new method is well suited for branch-by-branch analyses of gas-flow and aerosol distribution in multiple subjects due to embedded anatomical information.
Prediction of silver hake distribution on the Northeast U.S. shelf based on the Gulf Stream path index

Abstract Over the past ~40 years, the distribution of silver hake on the Northeast U.S. shelf is found to be significantly correlated with changes in the latitude of Gulf Stream path. The correlation coefficient between the fall Gulf Stream position and the center of biomass of spring silver hake reaches 0.75 when the Gulf Stream leads the silver hake for 6 months. Based on this lead-lag relationship and low-frequency variability of Gulf Stream position with a dominant periodicity of ~9–10 years, the Gulf Stream position is used as a predictor for the center of biomass of silver hake in linear autoregressive (AR) models. The goal of this study is then to optimize the AR model for the prediction of silver hake based on the observed changes in Gulf Stream position. Fall Gulf Stream position is first predicted out to 5 years using a 5th order AR model and the observed Gulf Stream position in preceding years. An optimization process is proposed to choose best AR coefficients based on a newly proposed combined skill parameter. Furthermore, the robustness of our Gulf Stream prediction is verified by comparing the observed Gulf Stream path index data from 2009 to 2012, which are not used for optimizing the AR model, and the predicted Gulf Stream path values for the same time period. We then use this predicted Gulf Stream position to further predict the center of biomass of silver hake in the subsequent spring. Three different methods are used and compared for the silver hake prediction. The predicted silver hake time series can explain as much as 69% of the variance of the observation for the 1st year prediction and 41% for the 5th year prediction. Our results indicate that including Gulf Stream as a predictor produces better prediction skills of silver hake center of biomass than the AR model prediction solely based on the observed silver hake time series.
Engagement in Care of High-Risk Hepatitis C Patients with Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies

The extent to which hepatitis C (HCV) treatment uptake is improved following introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine HCV patient engagement and barriers to care for accessing DAA treatments in a real-world setting. Patients with HCV viremia at high risk for fibrosis were identified using the Veterans Affairs (VA) registry within San Diego’s VA in October 2014. Patients not enrolled in HCV clinic were systematically contacted by letter and phone. Logistic regression was used to examine patient factors associated with subsequent engagement in care over 12–20 months. In the local registry of 2089 patients, 481 were identified with high-risk fibrosis scores. Of those, 380 (79%) were eligible for antiviral treatment, and 178/380 (47%) patients were actively followed in clinic. The remaining 202/380 (53%) patients were never seen by a HCV clinic provider or lost to follow-up. Of these, 114/380 (30%) of the treatment-eligible cohort remained non-engaged in care following outreach. Compared with patients engaged in care, non-engaged patients were significantly more likely to have homelessness, COPD comorbidity, or active alcohol or/and drug use. Overall 74.4% of patients engaged in HCV clinic received antiviral treatment. A significant portion of eligible HCV patients could not be engaged in treatment after a programmatic outreach effort. These data indicate that more sustained or innovative outreach efforts are needed in order to maximize treatment access, with specific interventions targeting those with unstable housing and active alcohol/substance use disorders.
Kenneth S. Rogoff's The Curse of Cash

In his recent book, The Curse of Cash, Ken Rogoff makes the case for getting rid of hand-to-hand currency. The argument is relatively straightforward. Cash, according to Rogoff, is largely used to buy and sell illegal goods and services and evade taxes. It also places a lower bound on interest rates, thereby limiting the extent to which the monetary authority can prevent recessions. As such, he argues, we’d be better off without it. Rogoff’s work is subtle and sophisticated. He anticipates many counterarguments and heads them off to the extent possible. Nonetheless, I find three major shortcomings in the work: the evidence on the extent to which cash is employed by criminals and tax cheats is flimsy, the net benefits of eliminating crime and tax evasion are overstated, and it is not clear that cash prevents the central bank from conducting effective monetary policy.
The effector AvrRxo1 phosphorylates NAD in planta.

Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals employ type III secreted effectors to suppress innate immunity. Most characterized effectors work through modification of host proteins or transcriptional regulators, although a few are known to modify small molecule targets. The Xanthomonas type III secreted avirulence factor AvrRxo1 is a structural homolog of the zeta toxin family of sugar-nucleotide kinases that suppresses bacterial growth. AvrRxo1 was recently reported to phosphorylate the central metabolite and signaling molecule NAD in vitro, suggesting that the effector might enhance bacterial virulence on plants through manipulation of primary metabolic pathways. In this study, we determine that AvrRxo1 phosphorylates NAD in planta, and that its kinase catalytic sites are necessary for its toxic and resistance-triggering phenotypes. A global metabolomics approach was used to independently identify 3’-NADP as the sole detectable product of AvrRxo1 expression in yeast and bacteria, and NAD kinase activity was confirmed in vitro. 3’-NADP accumulated upon transient expression of AvrRxo1 in Nicotiana benthamiana and in rice leaves infected with avrRxo1-expressing strains of X. oryzae. Mutation of the catalytic aspartic acid residue D193 abolished AvrRxo1 kinase activity and several phenotypes of AvrRxo1, including toxicity in yeast, bacteria, and plants, suppression of the flg22-triggered ROS burst, and ability to trigger an R gene-mediated hypersensitive response. A mutation in the Walker A ATP-binding motif abolished the toxicity of AvrRxo1, but did not abolish the 3’-NADP production, virulence enhancement, ROS suppression, or HR-triggering phenotypes of AvrRxo1. These results demonstrate that a type III effector targets the central metabolite and redox carrier NAD in planta, and that this catalytic activity is required for toxicity and suppression of the ROS burst.
Self-pumped phase conjugation in resonant systems

Self-pumped phase conjugation using dye solutions has been reported by Koptev et al.1 and Ivakin et al.2 Their experimental results provide the impetus to develop an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms and to search for new applicable resonant materials. The practical implication of resonantly enhanced self-pumped phase conjugation is the possibility of replacing current degenerate four-wave mixing phase-conjugate mirrors in signal processing applications with technically simpler elements.
Predictors of pressure ulcer incidence following traumatic spinal cord injury: a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal study.

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. The objective of this study was to identify the medical and demographic factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers during acute-care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation following acute spinal cord injury. The study was carried out at acute hospitalization, inpatient rehabilitation and outpatient rehabilitation sites at a university medical center in the United States. Adults with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (n=104) were recruited within 24–72 h of admission to the hospital. Pressure ulcer incidence was recorded. Thirty-nine participants out of 104 (37.5%) developed at least one pressure ulcer during acute-care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation. Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed significant association of pressure ulcer incidence for those with pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (P=0.01) and higher injury severity (ASIA A) (P=0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds of formation of a first pressure ulcer in participants with ASIA A was 4.5 times greater than that for participants with ASIA B, CI (1–20.65), P=0.05, and 4.6 times greater than that for participants with ASIA C, CI (1.3–16.63), P=0.01. Among individuals with acute traumatic SCI, those with high-injury severity were at an increased risk to develop pressure ulcers. Pneumonia was noted to be associated with the formation of pressure ulcers.
15N Solid State NMR Spectroscopic Study of Surface Amine Groups for Carbon Capture: 3-Aminopropylsilyl Grafted to SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica.

Materials composed of high-porosity solid supports, such as SBA-15, containing amine-bearing moieties inside the pores, such as 3-aminopropylsilane (APS), are envisioned for carbon dioxide capture; solid-state 15N NMR can be highly informative for studying chemisorption reactions. Two 15N-enriched samples with different APS loadings were studied to probe the identity of the pendant molecules and structure of the chemisorbed CO2 species. 15N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR provides unique information about the amines, whether they are rigid or dynamic, by measuring contact time curves and rotating frame, T1ρ(15N), relaxation. Both carbamate and carbamic acid are formed; carbamic acid is shown to be less stable than carbamate. After desorption, a steady state for the chemisorbed reaction product is reached, leaving behind carbamate. 15N NMR monitors the evolution of the species over time. During desorption, APS is regenerated, but the ammonium propylsilane intensity does not change, leading us t...
Characterization of Epimorphisms in Archimedean Lattice-Ordered Groups and Vector Lattices

This chapter is the first paper in a sequence of undetermined length, and this introduction is also a brief introduction to the sequence. An initial segment of that sequence is this chapter, followed by the essentially completed items listed in the bibliography as [Ball and Hager, a,b,c,d]. These papers treat various aspects of the theory of epimorphisms in the category Arch of archimedean l-groups with l-homomorphisms, and the category Wu of archimedean l-groups with distinguished weak unit and unit-preserving l-homomorphisms (and in the corresponding categories of vector lattices, which for all papers in the sequence can be disposed of with the comment: all this is true in vector lattices and the proofs require no change). Wu is itself interesting as a natural generalization of rings of continuous functions and as a setting for some functional analysis, and in any event seems to be a necessary bridge to Arch.
Academic Underachievement and School Refusal

That the spectrum of behaviors from subtle academic underachievement to blatant school refusal and drop-out are considered serious health risks in adolescence is no surprise to concerned parents, teachers, professionals, and the American public at the end of the 20th century. This century was proclaimed to be “The Century of the Child” in the first White House Conference on Children in 1909 (Beck, 1974), wherein the national consciousness and governmental policy was to be mobilized to improve the care, education, and welfare of the nation’s children.
Consequences of invasion for pollen transfer and pollination revealed in a tropical island ecosystem

Pollination is known to be sensitive to environmental change but we lack direct estimates of how quantity and quality of pollen transferred between plant species shifts along disturbance gradients. This limits our understanding of how species compositional change impacts pollen receipt per species and structure of pollen transfer networks. We constructed pollen transfer networks along a plant invasion gradient in the Hawaiian dry tropical forest ecosystem. Flowers and stigmas were collected from both native and introduced plants, pollen was identified and enumerated and floral traits were measured. We also characterized pollen loads carried by individuals of the dominant invasive pollinator, Apis mellifera. Species flowering in native-dominated sites were more tightly connected by pollen transfer than those in heavily invaded sites. Compositional turnover in the pollen loads of A. mellifera was correlated (70%) with turnover in the composition of pollen transfer networks. Floral traits predicted species roles within pollen transfer networks, but many of these differed qualitatively depending on whether plants were native or introduced. Our work indicates that pollen transfer networks change with invasion. Floral morphology and foraging behaviour of the introduced super-generalist pollinator are implicated as key in determining the roles introduced species play within native pollen transfer networks.
Increased bioavailability of cyclic guanylate monophosphate prevents retinal ganglion cell degeneration.

Abstract The nitric oxide – guanylyl cyclase-1 – cyclic guanylate monophosphate (NO-GC-1–cGMP) pathway has emerged as a potential pathogenic mechanism for glaucoma, a common intraocular pressure (IOP)-related optic neuropathy characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic nerve. NO activates GC-1 to increase cGMP levels, which are lowered by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. This pathway appears to play a role in both the regulation of IOP, where reduced cGMP levels in mice leads to elevated IOP and subsequent RGC degeneration. Here, we investigated whether potentiation of cGMP signaling could protect RGCs from glaucomatous degeneration. We administered the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil orally (10 mg/kg/day) in murine models of two forms of glaucoma – primary open angle glaucoma (POAG; GC-1−/− mice) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG; Microbead Occlusion Model) - and measured RGC viability at both the soma and axon level. To determine the direct effect of increased cGMP on RGCs in vitro, we treated axotomized whole retina and primary RGC cultures with the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP. Tadalafil treatment increased plasma cGMP levels in both models, but did not alter IOP or mean arterial pressure. Nonetheless, tadalafil treatment prevented degeneration of RGC soma and axons in both disease models. Treatment of whole, axotomized retina and primary RGC cultures with 8-Br-cGMP markedly attenuated both necrotic and apoptotic cell death pathways in RGCs. Our findings suggest that enhancement of the NO-GC-1-cGMP pathway protects the RGC body and axon in murine models of POAG and PACG, and that enhanced signaling through this pathway may serve as a novel glaucoma treatment, acting independently of IOP.
Individual oligodendrocytes show bias for inhibitory axons in the neocortex

Summary Reciprocal communication between neurons and oligodendrocytes is essential for the generation and localization of myelin, a critical feature of the CNS. In the neocortex, individual oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons; however, the neuronal origin of the myelinated axons has remained undefined and, while largely assumed to be from excitatory pyramidal neurons, it also includes inhibitory interneurons. This raises the question of whether individual oligodendrocytes display bias for the class of neurons that they myelinate. Here, we find that different classes of cortical interneurons show distinct patterns of myelin distribution starting from the onset of myelination, suggesting that oligodendrocytes can recognize the class identity of individual types of interneurons that they target. Notably, we show that some oligodendrocytes disproportionately myelinate the axons of inhibitory interneurons, whereas others primarily target excitatory axons or show no bias. These results point toward very specific interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons and raise the interesting question of why myelination is differentially directed toward different neuron types.
A General Theory of Injection Locking and Pulling in Electrical Oscillators—Part II: Amplitude Modulation in $LC$ Oscillators, Transient Behavior, and Frequency Division

A number of specialized topics within the theory of injection locking and pulling are addressed. The material builds on our impulse sensitivity function (ISF)-based, time-synchronous model of electrical oscillators under the influence of a periodic injection. First, we show how the accuracy of this model for $LC$ oscillators under large injection is greatly enhanced by accounting for the injection’s effect on the oscillation amplitude. In doing so, we capture the asymmetry of the lock range as well as the distinct behaviors exhibited by different $LC$ oscillator topologies. Existing $LC$ oscillator injection locking and pulling theories in the literature are subsumed as special cases. Next, a transient analysis of the dynamics of injection pulling is carried out, both within and outside of the lock range. Finally, we show how our existing framework naturally accommodates locking onto superharmonic and subharmonic injections, leading to several design considerations for injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) and the implementation of a low-power dual-modulus prescaler from an injection-locked ring oscillator. Our theoretical conclusions are supported by simulations and experimental data from a variety of $LC$ , ring, and relaxation oscillators.
Participatory description: decolonizing descriptive methodologies in archives

By looking at current examples of participatory archives, this paper hopes to introduce and encourage a discussion of participatory description. How does an originating community describe their records? How can the nuances of another language be allowed for in archival description? Archival description helps to create access points for users, but archivists must ask the question, access for whom? This paper seeks to examine the existing state of archival description and to make recommendations for areas in which decolonizing methodologies might be employed to better address the nuances of multicultural, community, and participatory archives. A literature review is provided in order to examine the current state of archival description. As a second step, decolonizing methodologies are discussed and examined in order to establish a method by which description might become more participatory. Finally, some examples of archives in which participatory endeavors have been undertaken are presented, in order to establish models from which other archives can draw inspiration.
Driving Guided Surface Plasmon Modes on Gold Nanowires with Perpendicularly Oriented Dielectric-Metallic Waveguide Pair

We demonstrate through simulation the excitation of guided modes on a gold waveguide by a perpendicularly oriented Si 3 N 4 waveguide. We can achieve 55% coupling efficiency for a 70 nm Au nanowire, and the ability for mode selection on larger Au nanowires supporting multiple modes.
Onset insomnia and insufficient sleep duration are associated with suicide ideation in university students and athletes

Abstract Background Previous work has shown that poor sleep is a prospective risk factor for suicide in clinical populations and might contribute to risk in the general population. The present study evaluated whether sleep distress, onset insomnia, and insufficient sleep are associated with suicide ideation in university students and athletes participating in the 2011-2014 National College Health Assessment (NCHA; n = 113,185). Methods In the NCHA survey, students self-reported the presence or absence of suicide ideation within the past 12 months. SLEEP DISTRESS was assessed with an item indicating that “sleep difficulties” were “particularly traumatic or difficult to handle.” ONSET INSOMNIA was assessed as at least 3 nights per week where survey participants reported an “extremely hard time falling asleep.” INSUFFICIENT SLEEP was operationalized as the number of days per week where the participants felt they did not get “enough sleep to feel rested.” All variables were yes/no except INSUFFICIENT SLEEP, which was categorized as 0-1 (reference), 2-3, 4-5, or 6-7 nights. Binary logistic regression analyses examined suicide ideation as the outcome and sleep variable as a predictor, adjusted for age, sex, year in school, recent depressed mood, and survey year. Associations within student-athletes were likewise assessed. Results 7.4% of students reported suicide ideation within the past 12 months. In adjusted models, this was significantly associated with SLEEP DISTRESS (OR = 3.01, 95% CI [2.86, 3.16], p Conclusion Sleep distress, onset insomnia, and insufficient sleep were all strongly related to suicide ideation among university students. These relationships were the same among collegiate athletes, even though this group reported less overall suicide ideation. Our findings suggest that university students may benefit from educational materials linking sleep disruption to maladaptive thinking and suicide ideation.
GaaS-X: graph analytics accelerator supporting sparse data representation using crossbar architectures

Graph analytics applications are ubiquitous in this era of a connected world. These applications have very low compute to byte-transferred ratios and exhibit poor locality, which limits their computational efficiency on general purpose computing systems. Conventional hardware accelerators employ custom dataflow and memory hierarchy organization to overcome these challenges. Processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerators leverage massively parallel compute capable memory arrays to perform the in-situ operations on graph data or employ custom compute elements near the memory to leverage larger internal bandwidths. In this work, we present GaaS-X, a graph analytics accelerator that inherently supports the sparse graph data representations using an in-situ compute-enabled crossbar memory architectures. We alleviate the overheads of redundant writes, sparse to dense conversions, and redundant computations on the invalid edges that are present in the state of the art crossbar-based PIM accelerators. GaaS-X achieves $7.7 \times$ and $2.4 \times$ performance and $22 \times$ and $5.7 \times$, energy savings, respectively, over two state-of-the-art crossbar accelerators and offers orders of magnitude improvements over GPU and CPU solutions.
Drought-mediated changes in black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the Northern Great Plains

Populations of many mammal species living in grassland ecosystems across North America have been reduced greatly over the past 200 years due to conversion of native prairie to human-related uses. Foremost among these species is the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), populations of which have declined an estimated 98% during that time. In addition to anthropogenic factors including plague, black-tailed prairie dog populations can vary in size in response to grazing by native ungulates, fire, and precipitation. Colonies in the Northern Great Plains have expanded and contracted during dry and wet periods, respectively. Drought reduces vegetation height; tall vegetation is known to limit colony expansion, possibly due to increased predation risk. We used mixed-effects models to analyze data sets of colony areas of black-tailed prairie dogs spanning 16–22 years and 983 total colony counts, from 142 unique colonies at Badlands National Park and Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, United States, and Scotts Bluff National Monument, Nebraska, United States, to relate areal dynamics of colonies over time to total annual precipitation, drought stress, and plague. We also analyzed the relationship between active-burrow densities and precipitation and drought stress using 7 years of data from 271 colony counts at Badlands National Park. Black-tailed prairie dog colonies expanded in response to drought conditions in all three national parks, with colonies in Wind Cave National Park exhibiting a time-delayed response. In addition, colony area was negatively related to total accumulated precipitation for the preceding 12 months for Scotts Bluff National Monument. Active-burrow density at Badlands National Park decreased in response to drought stress with a time lag of 24–36 months. Plague first was reported at Badlands National Park in 2008 and colony areas decreased dramatically and rapidly during plague epizootic events. Our results support observations that black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the Northern Great Plains expand and contract in response to drought stress and wet weather. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the role of climate on a keystone species of conservation importance and demonstrate the value of collecting long-term ecological data.
Preliminary Impact of an Adapted Emotion Regulation Intervention for Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity Attempting to Lose Weight.

Objective This study examines the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary impact of a program (HealthTRAC) combining 2 efficacious interventions (one targeting emotion regulation [TRAC] and the other a standardized behavioral weight management intervention [SBWC]) to improve weight management outcomes among a sample of adolescents with overweight and obesity. Method Adolescents with overweight or obesity (N = 38), ages 13 to 17 years, were enrolled and randomized into either the SBWC or HealthTRAC. Data were collected at baseline (before intervention), at the end of the 16-week intervention (postintervention), and 4 months after completing the intervention (4 months). Assessments included adolescent self-reports of intervention acceptability and reported emotion regulation (ER) abilities and caregiver report of adolescent ER skills. Body mass index (BMI) was used to examine the impact on adolescent weight outcomes. Analyses of covariance controlling for baseline values were used to evaluate study outcomes. Results Eighty-four percent (n = 32) of participants completed the immediate postintervention and 4-month follow-up assessments. Adolescents in both conditions reported high treatment satisfaction. Adolescents randomized to HealthTRAC demonstrated greater reductions in BMI relative to SBWC and reported greater use of emotion regulation skills. Finally, caregivers of adolescents randomized to HealthTRAC also reported greater improvements in emotion regulation abilities among their adolescents at the 4-month follow-up. Conclusion Findings suggest that the HealthTRAC intervention was acceptable, feasible to deliver, and demonstrated a positive impact on BMI and emotion regulation abilities. These data suggest that ER is related to health decision-making and is relevant to most overweight/obese adolescents seeking to lose weight.
Psychiatrist and Psychologist Experiences with Telehealth and Remote Collaborative Care in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study

Purpose Availability of mental health services is limited in the rural United States. Two promising models to reach patients with limited access to care are telehealth referral and collaborative care. The objective of this study was to assess telepsychiatrist- and telepsychologist-level facilitators and barriers to satisfaction with and implementation of these 2 telehealth models in rural settings. Methods Focus groups were held in 2019 using a semistructured interview guide. Participants were off-site telepsychiatrists (N = 10) and telepsychologists (N = 4) for primary care clinics across 3 states (Washington, Michigan, and Arkansas) involved in a recent pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial. Qualitative analysis occurred inductively by 2 independent coders. Findings Participants were satisfied with the models partly owing to good patient rapport and expanding access to care. Teamwork was highlighted as a facilitator in collaborative care and was often related to work with care managers. However, participants described communication with primary care providers as a challenge, especially in the telehealth referral arm. Barriers centered on variability of logistical processes (eg, symptom monitoring, scheduling, electronic medical record processes, and credentialing) among sites. Staff turnover, variable clinic investment, and inadequacy of training were possible explanations for these barriers. Conclusions Participants described high motivation to provide team-based, remote care for patients, though they experienced operational challenges. Centralized credentialing, scheduling, and record keeping are possible solutions. These findings are important because consulting psychiatrists and psychologists may play a leadership role in the dissemination of these models.
Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection

Abstract COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic with unprecedented health, societal and economic impact The disease often manifests with flu-like symptoms and is dominated by pulmonary complications, but widely diverse clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems can result We posit that viral tropism and the aberrant host immune response mediate the protean findings and severity in this disease In general, extrapulmonary manifestations are a harbinger of or contemporaneously associate with disease progression, but in the case of some extrapulmonary findings (GI and dermatologic), may track with milder disease The precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, and additional immune phenotyping studies are warranted to reveal early correlates of disease outcomes and novel therapeutic targets This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved
7-Transmembrane Helical (7TMH) Proteins: Pseudo-Symmetry and Conformational Plasticity

Abstract Membrane proteins sharing 7 transmembrane helices (7-TMH) dominate the polytopic TMH proteome. They cannot be grouped under a monolithic fold or superfold, however, a parallel structural analysis of folds around that magic number of 7-TMH in distinct 6/7/8-TMH protein superfamilies (SWEET, PnuC, TRIC, FocA, Aquaporin, GPCRs, AND MFS), reveals a common homology, not in their structural fold, but in their systematic pseudo-symmetric construction. Our analysis leads to guiding principles of intragenic duplication and pseudo-symmetric assembly of ancestral 3 or 4 Transmembrane Helix (3/4-TMH) protodomains/protofolds. A parallel deconstruction and reconstruction of these domains provides a structural and mechanistic framework for the evolution path of current pseudo-symmetrical transmembrane helical (TMH) proteins. It highlights the conformational plasticity inherent to fold formation itself. The sequence/structure analysis of different 6/7/8-TMH superfamilies provides a unifying theme of their evolutionary process involving the intragenic duplication of protodomains with varying degrees of sequence and fold divergence under conformational and functional constraints.
Evaluation of Arai et al.: What Can Differences across Daughter Cells Tell Us about Stem Cell Renewal?

One snapshot of the peer review process for "Machine learning of hematopoietic stem cell divisions from paired daughter cell expression profiles reveals effects of aging on self-renewal" (Arai et al., 2020).
Studying abroad in Mexico with Mexican ancestry: Desiring to be ‘one of ours’

This study counters the popular assumption that Spanish Heritage Language Learners (SHLLs) on study abroad (SA) in a place of cultural origin can easily adapt and find acceptance due to the linguis...
Charles F. Lummis: Editor of the Southwest by Edwin R. Bingham Huntington Library, Second Printing 2006. Reprint of 1955 Edition. 218 pp

(2006). Charles F. Lummis: Editor of the Southwest by Edwin R. Bingham Huntington Library, Second Printing 2006. Reprint of 1955 Edition. 218 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 118-119.
Model-Instance Object Mapping

Robot localization and mapping algorithms commonly represent the world as a static map. In reality, human environments consist of many movable objects like doors, chairs and tables. Recognizing that such environment often have a large number of instances of a small number of types of objects, we propose an alternative approach, Model-Instance Object Mapping that reasons about the models of objects distinctly from their different instances. Observations classified as short-term features by Episodic non-Markov Localization are clustered to detect object instances. For each object instance, an occupancy grid is constructed, and compared to every other object instance to build a directed similarity graph. Common object models are discovered as strongly connected components of the graph, and their models as well as distribution of instances saved as the final Model-Instance Object Map. By keeping track of the poses of observed instances of object models, Model-Instance Object Maps learn the most probable locations for commonly observed object models. We present results of Model-Instance Object Mapping over the course of a month in our indoor office environment, and highlight the common object models thus learnt in an unsupervised manner.
Water Resource Organizations

Water management organizations evolved at local, regional, state, and federal levels. They were created, in large part, during the twentieth century, exhibit different degrees of formality and authority, and exist for different purposes, serving different groups consisting of individual qualified members and/or of the public at large. The organizations fill specific missions, roles, and meet demands of members and official segments of society. Knowing their missions and responsibilities makes it easier to seek information or how to influence their responsibilities. Keywords: federal; state and local agencies; nongovernment organizations; professional organizations; partnerships
Density functional studies of Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ binding to chitosan

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the biopolymer chitosan interacting with transition metals Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ are presented. The DFT calculations explored divalent transition metal coordination structures by optimizing disaccharide–transition metal complexes. Results indicate that transition metal coordination to the chitosan biopolymer takes place in the vicinity of the glycosidic oxygen and includes interactions with nitrogen and hydroxyl oxygen atoms.
H-K-ATPase in the RCCT-28A rabbit cortical collecting duct cell line

In the present study, we demonstrate that the rabbit cortical collecting duct cell line RCCT-28A possesses three distinct H-K-ATPase catalytic subunits (HKα). Intracellular measurements of RCCT-28A cells using the pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) indicated that the mechanism accounting for recovery from an acid load exhibited both K+ dependence and sensitivity to Sch-28080 characteristic of H-K-ATPases. Recovery rates were 0.022 ± 0.005 pH units/min in the presence of K+, 0.004 ± 0.002 in the absence of K+, and 0.002 ± 0.002 in the presence of Sch-28080. The mRNAs encoding the HKα1 subunit and the H-K-ATPase β-subunit (HKβ) were detected by RT-PCR. In addition, two HKα2 species were found by RT-PCR and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′-RACE) in the rabbit renal cortex. One was homologous to HKα2 cDNAs generated from other species, and the second was novel. The latter, referred to as HKα2c, encoded an apparent 61-residue amino-terminal extension that bore no ...
Vulnerability Assessment of the U.S. Transportation Infrastructure that Relies on the Global Positioning System

During the course of its development for military use and more recent extension to many civilian uses, vulnerabilities of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) – in the United States the Global Positioning System (GPS) – have become apparent. The vulnerabilities arise from natural, intentional, and unintentional sources. Increasing civilian and military reliance on GNSS brings with it a vital need to identify the critical vulnerabilities to civilian users, and to develop a plan to mitigate these vulnerabilities. This paper summarizes the findings of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) vulnerability study that addresses these issues. The key findings are that satellite navigation users are vulnerable to several classes of disruption that affect all transportation modes and related infrastructure; but also that the vulnerabilities can be mitigated by awareness, planning, and using independent backup systems and/or alternate procedures in safety-critical applications. To gain the full benefits of GNSS, it will be necessary to analyse safety-of-life vulnerabilities in detail, and to determine the means and costs of reducing these risks to acceptable levels. The complete assessment report, of which this paper is a synopsis, was released to the public on September 10, 2001. Although the basic findings apply to all GNSS, the assessment focused on the GPS, in response to the enabling Presidential Decision Directive.
Classification of Thyroid Malignancies

We follow the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological Classification of Thyroid Tumors (1) and that of the AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology (2). See Table 1.
A new seismogeodetic approach applied to GPS and accelerometer observations of the 2012 Brawley seismic swarm: Implications for earthquake early warning

[1] The 26 August 2012 Brawley seismic swarm of hundreds of events ranging from M1.4 to M5.5 in the Salton Trough, California provides a unique data set to investigate a new seismogeodetic approach that combines Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometer observations to estimate displacement and velocity waveforms. First in simulated real-time mode, we analyzed 1–5 Hz GPS data collected by 17 stations fully encircling the swarm zone at near-source distances up to about 40 km using precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR). We used a reference network of North American GPS stations well outside the region of deformation to estimate fractional-cycle biases and satellite clock parameters, which were then combined with ultrarapid orbits from the International GNSS Service to estimate positions during the Brawley seismic swarm. Next, we estimated seismogeodetic displacements and velocities from GPS phase and pseudorange observations and 100–200 Hz accelerations collected at three pairs of GPS and seismic stations in close proximity using a new tightly coupled Kalman filter approach as an extension of the PPP-AR process. We can clearly discern body waves in the velocity waveforms, including P-wave arrivals not detectable with the GPS-only approach for earthquake magnitudes as low as Mw 4.6 and significant static offsets for magnitudes as low as Mw 5.4. Our study shows that GPS networks upgraded with strong motion accelerometers can provide new information for improved understanding of the earthquake rupture process and be of critical value in creating a robust early warning system for any earthquake of societal significance.