cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex Swift Hohenberg Equation (CSHE) Dissipative Soliton Fiber Laser

We report dissipative solitons of CSHE in a mode-locked fiber laser by employing a unique fiber filter which produces a fourth order spectral response. The laser generates moving, asymmetric pulses with a highly asymmetric spectrum.
Molecular cytology of the respiratory tract and pleura

There is growing evidence that molecular testing is feasible on all types of cytological preparation, which is fortunate as more diagnostic markers and biomarkers for targeted therapies are discovered for use in pulmonary and pleural malignancies. In this article we will discuss the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic (interpretive) considerations for successful implementation of molecular tests for diagnostic and predictive markers in respiratory and pleural cytology. The vast majority of laboratories are familiar with, and have validated their molecular protocols for, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens, which are not directly applicable to cytology specimens. Thus, rigorous validation must be performed for each type of fixative and cytology preparation before it is implemented in the clinical setting.
Investigating Implementation Level of Phase-Based Strategies in Transportation Infrastructure Projects

This research performed a phase-based study of effective project management tasks and strategies of transportation infrastructure projects and examined phase-based outsourcing activities. The resea...
Frameless MLC-Based Radiosurgical Thalamotomies on the Modern Linear Accelerator Platform - Prospective Phase I/II Clinical Trial Results.

Purpose/Objective(s) Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus has been used with success to manage tremor in select patients. Because of the high doses, small target, & required precision, a non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery instrument has been the historical choice platform. Our institution recently developed a technique to replicate functional SRS GK dose distributions on a multi-leaf collimator (MLC)-equipped linear accelerator (LINAC) without cumbersome, inefficient cones. We deployed this technique & tested it in a prospective clinical trial of safety & efficacy of SRS thalamotomy for non-DBS candidate patients with medically refractory essential or Parkinsonian tremor. Materials/Methods We quantified pre-treatment tremor according to FTM/PROMIS scores. We generated MPRAGE, FGATIR, diffusion-weighted tractographic, & resting-state fMRI sequences. We identified the VIM via both thalamic parcellation & classical stereotactic reference location, & targeted it to 130Gy dmax in a fashion dosimetrically equivalent to 4.5mm GK shot. We adjusted each target such that the 25Gy isodose line did not overlap the posterior limb of the capsule. We immobilized patients in a highly rigid thermoplastic mask. We delivered treatment with a LINAC with high-definition HDMLC & intrafraction optical surface monitoring (OSMS) to ensure patient immobility. We surveilled post-treatment imaging and tremor scores. Results We accrued 32 patients over 30 months. One withdrew, & one elected to pursue previously declined DBS. At submission, 24 of the 32 patients had ≥6-month follow-up. 23/24 (96%) exhibited clinically meaningful tremor reduction. Median maximum pre- & post-tremor reduction was 59.8% (range: 11 - 100%). Time to patient-reported tremor improvement ranged from 0.3 to 15 months. One patient experienced Grade 2, and none experienced Grade 3 or higher toxicity. Conclusion Frameless, coneless MLC-based SRS thalamotomy on the LINAC is a safe, effective treatment. Proper implementation requires attentive involvement by an experienced movement disorder radiosurgery team. Data continue to mature, but current results anticipate congruence to historical GK controls. We have expanded the trial to allow 20 additional patients.
Channel structure and strategic choice in distribution channels

Though marketing in general has adopted a strategic orientation, little attention has been given to strategy choices within distribution channels. The importance of marketing channel strategy decisions is highlighted by 1) their inherent long-term consequences and 2) the constraints and opportunities that they represent. The present paper incorporates strategic management theory into marketing channels literatures to examine the impact of different channel structures on the choice of a generic channels strategy. Specifically, the contingent effects of channel power/control and the degree of vertical integration are examined as they affect the choice between the generic strategies of overall costleadership, differentiation, focus, and combination strategies. Propositions are developed to stimulate interest in this area.
A Couple of Uncertain Age

The earth and moon formed not long after our solar system formed 4.57 billion years ago, but the exact timing remains a subject of debate. Attempts to date our planet and its companion are based largely on isotopic measurements of lunar and terrestrial samples. Ratios of certain isotopes can provide information on when the material formed, but only if the physical and chemical changes that the material has gone through are known. Podosek concludes that to improve the dating, we need a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes that affect planetary isotope compositions.
The Home Bathroom Deduction

This viewpoint criticizes a recent Tax Court decision, Bulas v. Commissioner, denying an accountant deductions associated with a bathroom used almost entirely by clients visiting the accountant’s home office. The author argues the court interpreted the requirement in IRC § 280A(c) that the bathroom be used “exclusively” for business purposes in a way (1) unrealistically narrow; (2) inconsistent with standards imposed on business-related deductions generally; and (3) inconsistent with the standards the judge applied to the taxpayer’s home office across the hall, a former bedroom with respect to which office deductions were available.
Ecological Factors Controlling Stream Zoobenthos with Emphasis on Thermal Modification of Regulated Streams

A myriad of factors, including temperature, flow, substrate, aquatic and riparian vegetation, dissolved substances, food and bio-tic interactions, determine the composition and abundance of stream zoobenthos (Macan, 1961, 1974; Hynes, 1970a, b). The influence of the watershed on many of these factors has only recently been fully appreciated (e.g., Hynes,, 1975; Cummins, this volume).
Oral complications of cancer radiotherapy

Injury to surrounding tissues during radiotherapy for oral cancer can have devastating physical and psychologic consequences for the patient. Oral complications include xerostomia, dental decay, mucositis, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, infection, and trismus. In many instances, these problems can be eradicated or controlled with appropriate treatment.
The accelerating convergence of genomics and microbiology

A report from Microbial Genomes, a joint conference of the American Society for Microbiology and the Institute for Genomic Research, Monterey, California, USA, 28-31 January, 2001.
The skill requirements of CAD/CAM: an exploratory study

This paper summarizes the results of field research on the skill requirements associated with the development and implementation of integrated computer–aided design (CAD) and computer–aided manufacturing (CAM) technology. The research focused on the design and manufacture of electronic printed–circuit boards and hydraulic tubing for aircraft. Trends in the upgrading of skills are described, both in the changing mix of workforce categories and in workforce composition, and some key challenges in human resource management are identified.
The Death and Regeneration of Ethics

The American Bar Association's Commission on Evaluation of Professional Standards has proposed the replacement of the existing Code of Professional Responsibility with its Model Rules of Professional Conduct. The public discussion of the Model Rules has focused largely on specific provisions, such as the proposed requirement that lawyers disclose clients' confidences in some circumstances and the exhortation that all lawyers engage in pro bono activity. Another proposed change, however, would at least on its face seem to be more significant for the future of the bar's professional standards and its self-concept than for the resolution of particular professional dilemmas. That change is the proposed elimination of about half the current Code of Professional Responsibility: those provisions included under the rubric “Ethical Considerations.”
Reactions to Penicillamine: A Case of Cutis Laxa, Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa and “Pseudo” Pseudoxanthoma

This patient was a 61-year-old white female who received several years of penicillamine therapy for the treatment of cystinuria. She subsequently developed penicillamine induced cutis laxa, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum like skin lesions. In addition, she suffered from numerous chronic bilateral lower extremity skin ulcerations. Her past medical history was also significant for end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis and pulmonary fibrosis. She presented to the University of Miami Wound Care Center in 1/04 for treatment of her chronic ulcerations. On physical examination, the patient had multiple large hyperpigmented plaques with central ulcerations on her lower extremities. Some of the ulcers had overlying crust and others were covered with yellow fibrinous tissue. She also had generalized thickened, lax skin with multiple folds. On her neck, thighs, back and arms were violaceous, atrophic, serpiginous plaques with peripheral crusted erosions. A biopsy taken from the patients left thigh revealed dermal elastosis and the features of pseudo-pseudoxanthoma. Two additional biopsies taken from the left thigh demonstrated elastosis perforans serpiginosa. This case highlights multiple skin manifestations of penicillamine therapy.
Syntheses and structural characterizations of endo-eta(1)-, exo-eta(1)-, eta(4)-, eta(5)-, and eta(6)-metallaphosphamonocarbaborane complexes derived from a versatile new polyborane ligand: exo-6-R-arachno-6,7-PCB(8)H(12).

Deprotonation of the phosphamonocarbaborane, exo-6-R-arachno-6,7-PCB8H12 (R = Ph 1a or Me 1b), yields exo-6-R-arachno-6,7-PCB8H11-, which when reacted with appropriate transition-metal reagents affords new metallaphosphamonocarbaborane complexes in which the metals adopt endo-η1, exo-η1, η4, η5, or η6 coordination geometries bonded to the formal R-arachno-PCB8H11-, R-arachno-PCB8H102-, R-arachno-PCB8H93-, or R-nido-PCB8H9- ligands. The reaction of exo-6-(C6H5)-arachno-6,7-PCB8H11- (1a-) with Mn(CO)5Br generated the η1-sigma product exo-6-[Mn(CO)5]-endo-6-(C6H5)-arachno-6,7-PCB8H11 (2) having the [Mn(CO)5] fragment in the thermodynamically favored exo position at the P6 cage atom. On the other hand, reaction of 1a- with (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2I resulted in the formation of two products, an η1-sigma complex endo-6-[(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]-exo-6-(C6H5)-arachno-6,7-PCB8H11 (3) having the (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2 fragment attached at the endo-P6 position and an η6-closo complex, 1-(η5-C5H5)-2-(C6H5)-closo-1,2,3-FePCB8H9 (4a). Rear...
Contemporary insights into the regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in man.

Recent advances in clinical investigative techniques have now permitted the delineation of a spectrum of distinct pathophysiological disorders of gonadotropin secretion in the human, and have suggeste
Laboratory Procedure to Obtain Well-Mixed Soil Binder Samples of Medium Stiff to Stiff Expansive Clayey Soil for Deep Soil Mixing Simulation

This paper presents a laboratory procedure to prepare well-mixed soil binder samples for simulation of deep soil mixing to stabilize medium stiff to stiff expansive clayey soils. Two natural clays were selected, and stabilized with lime, cement, and combinations of both at various proportions and dosages. Results obtained from tests conducted on identical specimens showed that the current soil-binder mixing and specimen preparation procedures have yielded homogenous and uniform treated clayey specimens. Engineering properties measured on the treated soil specimens were analyzed and ranked to arrive at the optimum binder dosages for field implementation. Concurrent mineralogical studies on selected specimens using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron micrograph studies revealed the presence of pozzalonic compounds and interwoven threads in the treated samples indicative of the mixing and stabilizing phenomenon. The recommended chemical dosages were later implemented in a field deep mixing study to construct two test pads. Several in situ wet grab samples were collected from the treated ground and were subjected to strength and stiffness tests in the laboratory. Comparisons between test results from field cores and laboratory fabricated specimens showed a good match suggesting that the formulated test protocol has provided a reasonable simulation of the DM process.
Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in California Hispanics: Influence of nativity and tumor Epstein–Barr virus

For classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), migrant studies could elucidate contributions of environmental factors (including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)) to the lower rates in non-whites. Given the well-described etiologic complexity of HL, this research requires a large, immigrant population, such as California Hispanics. With 1988–2004 California Cancer Registry data (2,595 Hispanic, 8,637 white HL cases) and tumor cell EBV status on a subset (218 Hispanics, 656 whites), we calculated ethnicity- and nativity-specific HL incidence rates simultaneously by age, sex, and histologic subtype, and tumor cell EBV prevalence. Compared with white rates, Hispanic HL rates were lower overall (70 %) and for nodular sclerosis HL, particularly among young adults (60–65 % for females). However, they were higher among children (200 %) and older adults, and for mixed cellularity HL. Compared with rates in foreign-born Hispanics, rates in US-born Hispanics were higher among young adults (>threefold in females), lower for children and adults over age 70, and consistently intermediate compared with rates in whites. EBV tumor prevalence was 67, 32, and 23 % among foreign-born Hispanics, US-born Hispanics, and whites, respectively, although with variation by age, sex, and histology. Findings strongly implicate environmental influences, such as nativity-related sociodemographic differences, on HL occurrence. In addition, lower young adult rates and higher EBV prevalence in US-born Hispanics than in whites raise questions about the duration/extent of environmental change for affecting HL rates and also point to ethnic differences in genetic susceptibility. Lesser variation in mixed cellularity HL rates and greater variation in rates for females across groups suggest less modifiable factors interacting with environmental influences.
Using Discrete Event Simulation to Model Multi-Robot Multi-Operator Teamwork

With the increasing need for teams of operators in controlling multiple robots, it is important to understand how to construct the team and support team processes. While running experiments can be time consuming and expensive, the use of simulation models is an alternative method. In this study, we built a discrete event simulation model that represents multi-robot multi-operator teamwork. Preliminary results show that the model can generate performance measures consistent with experimental results.
Introduction to the viewpoint set on creep cavitation

This paper examines the various mechanisms involved in creep cavitation caused by the nucleation, growth and coalescence of intergranular cavities. These cavities form microcracks which propagate through the material to cause failure. A brief review is given of the physical processes involved in creep cavitation. The presented viewpoints have been brought together to report on progress in this field and to stimulate further thought and research on these topics.
Hydrolysis of oligoribonucleotides: influence of sequence and length

The chemical stability of phosphodiester bonds of some oligoribonucleotides in the presence of a cofactor like polyvinylpyrolidine (PVP) is sequence dependent. It was found that pyrimidine-A (YA) and pyrimidine-C (YC) are especially susceptible to hydrolysis. The hydrolyzability of this same phosphodiester bond is dependent on its position in the oligomer. The presence of 3' and 5'-adjacent nucleotides enhances hydrolysis of the UA phosphodiester bond. The acceleration of the hydrolysis of UA by a 5'-adjacent nucleotide is not base dependent. However, a 3'-adjacent purine increases hydrolysis of a UA phosphodiester bond more than a 3'-pyrimidine. The presence of the exoamino group on the 3'-side base (on 6 and 4 position for adenosine and cytidine, respectively) of YA or YZ phosphodiester bond is required for hydrolysis.
Bond-Lengths in Solid Helium

RECENTLY, Vignos and Fairbank1 reported the existence of a new solid phase of helium-4 which exists in a narrow range of pressure between 1.45° K. and 1.78° K. They have designated the new solid as the γ-phase. Its density is less than that of the α-phase (hexagonal closest packing) of helium with which it is contiguous. It is known2,3 that in helium-3 at a temperature almost as low, there is a phase transition in the solid from hexagonal closest packing to a less-dense phase which is body-centred cubic. Reasoning by analogy, the authors believe the new phase will be found to have the body-centred cubic, A2, structure.
Endothelial seeding of filters, grafts, and tubes

Endothelial cells in culture can be seeded onto a variety of surfaces so as to yield a confluent monolayer. In some instances the surface required for experimental or clinical applications may be hard to endothelialize. Special techniques for seeding endothelial cells onto filters, grafts, and tubes are described. Adaptations of these techniques may allow endothelial cells to be introduced onto a variety of artificial biomaterials and prostheses.
Designing Case-Based Hypermedia for Developing Understanding of Children's Mathematical Reasoning

Despite the growing popularity of case-based hypermedia approaches for teachers' professional development, there seems to be little agreement about such fundamental issues as the nature of a case. I examine 2 visions of what constitutes an effective hypermedia case for teachers' professional development. In 1 view, cases are episodes of classroom teaching and learning that are used to exemplify the big ideas of a domain. In the second view, cases are narratives that structure the episodes to tell stories of classroom teaching and learning. This latter view highlights the history and development of learning and the causal relations between episodes. To examine the different learning afforded by these 2 views of case I developed 2 hypermedia tools to help preservice teachers understand measurement pedagogy in elementary school classrooms. One of the hypermedia tools afforded access to episodes only. The other included the same episodes but enhanced instruction with additional narrative cases. Twelve preserv...
Applying serials & acquisitions skills on the “other side”

Abstract In June 1995, several librarians at the Fletcher Library of Arizona State University West resigned. The Library viewed this as an opportunity to examine the structure of the library and decided that the current contingent of librarians would assume the program responsibilities of the departing librarians on an interim basis. In addition to the author's regular responsibilities for serials acquisitions and serials management, she was given interim responsibility for management of the Journals/Microforms service programs and document delivery, as well as the supervision of the classified staff in that unit. She expected to draw upon her familiarity with serials and acquisitions, as well as previous supervisory experience, to maintain what is an important service point for the Library at ASU West. This paper will document the impact that decisions in serials acquisitions and control have on public service points and describe what impact this interim assignment in the public service sector will have on both the front-line and back-room operations at ASU West Library.
Low-Temperature Multistep Topotactic Routes to New Mixed-Valence Perovskites

Multistep topotactic routes are exploited to introduce mixed-valency into mixed-metal oxides at low temperatures (≤ 350°C). A new set of single- and triple-layered perovskites, Na1-x-yCax/2LaTiO4 and Na2-x+yCax/2La2Ti3O10, respectively, has been prepared by a combination of ion exchange and reductive intercalation. The single-layer series are metastable compounds. The magnetic and electronic behavior of the triple-layer titanate is consistent with Anderson localization effects, while those of the single-layer materials are more complex; samples demonstrate “Hurd-like” conductivity and an unusual magnetic response. The details of the synthesis and characterization of these materials are presented and their magnetic and electronic behavior discussed.
Capturing the Return on Investment of All-In Building Information Modeling: Structured Approach

AbstractMany construction firms now use building information modeling (BIM), and champions at those firms know that BIM delivers significant benefits. Whether the benefits are significant enough to merit deeper BIM adoption is unclear at this point in the architecture/engineering/construction (A/E/C) industry. To investigate this problem, the lead author conducted more than 51 workshops worldwide with practitioners who presently use BIM and elicited cost and benefit data from them using actual project case study data. The workshops provided a structured approach to capturing the true benefits of BIM in the A/E/C community. Through the workshop case study approach, 19 of the most impactful benefits that accompany an integrated, all-in approach to BIM were identified. This paper describes these benefits in detail, as well as the current limitations, and sheds light on attributes of BIM in the near future. The findings have the potential to help the A/E/C industry make informed decisions to maximize returns ...
Physics-Based Seated Posture Prediction for Pregnant Women and Validation Considering Ground and Seat Pan Contacts

An understanding of human seated posture is important across many fields of scientific research. Certain demographics, such as pregnant women, have special postural limitations that need to be considered. Physics-based posture prediction is a tool in which seated postures can be quickly and thoroughly analyzed, as long the predicted postures are realistic. This paper proposes and validates an optimization formulation to predict seated posture for pregnant women considering ground and seat pan contacts. For the optimization formulation, the design variables are joint angles (posture); the cost function is dependent on joint torques. Constraints include joint limits, joint torque limits, the distances from the end-effectors to target points, and self-collision avoidance constraints. Three different joint torque cost functions have been investigated to account for the special postural characteristics of pregnant women and consider the support reaction forces (SRFs) associated with seated posture. Postures are predicted for three different reaching tasks in common reaching directions using each of the objective function formulations. The predicted postures are validated against experimental postures obtained using motion capture. A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the predicted postures and was the criteria for comparison between the different objective functions. A 56 degree of freedom model was used for the posture prediction. Use of the objective function minimizing the maximum normalized joint torque provided an R2 value of 0.828, proving superior to either of two alternative functions.
How spectral shapes of magnetic energy and magnetic helicity influence their respective decay timescales

It is shown that in magnetohydrodynamics, the shapes of the magnetic energy and magnetic helicity spectra can influence whether the magnetic helicity resistive dissipation timescale is longer, equal to, or shorter than that of magnetic energy. The calculations highlight that magnetic helicity need not always dissipate significantly more slowly than magnetic energy. While this may be implicitly understood in detailed studies of magnetic helicity in plasma devices, it is not sufficiently emphasized in elementary discussions comparing magnetic helicity vs magnetic energy evolution. Measuring magnetic energy and helicity decay times may provide a posteriori insight into the initial spectra.
Correlation of Kinetic Energy Losses in High-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation with Observed Peptide Product Ions

In collision-induced dissociation, some of an incident parent ion's kinetic energy is converted into internal energy upon collision with a neutral target. The kinetic energy lost is related to the amount of internal energy deposited into any individual ion. To see dissociations of different critical energies on the same time scale, different amounts of internal energy need to be deposited. This should be reflected in the kinetic energy lost by the parent ion in the formation of different product ions. Variable amounts of energy loss in the formation of different peptide product ions are reported here. It is seen that different product ion types (b, y, a) show ordered patterns of energy losses. A greater energy loss is observed for the formation of b-type product ions than for y-type, and even greater energy losses are observed for the formation of a-type product ions. A very good correlation between ion type energy loss and ion mass is observed. Thus, measuring the energy losses in the formation of produc...
Two Children With Both Arm Ischemia and Arterial Ischemic Stroke During the Perinatal Period

It is rare for both limb ischemia and arterial ischemic stroke to occur in the same child during the perinatal period. Two children who appear to have had perinatal emboli to both an arm and a middle cerebral artery territory are presented here. One child required amputation of the ischemic limb below the shoulder, and the other required skin grafts to the distal ischemic fingers. Each of these children later received cerebral magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of developmental delay and was found to have what appeared to be old perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Both children were homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene variant. Eight other children with perinatal limb ischemia and stroke were found on literature review; several also had delayed diagnosis of perinatal stroke. This report examines the approach to diagnosis and treatment in each of these and makes suggestions for the similar cases in the future.
Flow instabilities in capillary flow of concentrated suspensions

The development of flow instabilities during the capillary flow of two concentrated suspensions filled with 76.5 and 65.6% by volume solids was investigated. The flow instabilities manifested themselves by the development of concentration gradients as a result of the filtering of the binder, superimposed on the bulk motion of the suspension. The effects of apparent shear rate, capillary diameter and the surface roughness of the particles were investigated. The use of the comparison of the filtration rate with the bulk velocity of the suspension during flow is shown to be promising for the prediction of the apparent shear rate at which filtration-based flow instabilities occur.
Two first-line therapies in the treatment of mild asthma: use of peak flow variability as a predictor of effectiveness

Background New drug evaluations in patients with mild asthma are sometimes complicated by enrollment of patients whose disease is too mild to show improvement with therapy. A peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability criterion may help to more clearly define a mild asthmatic population. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of zafirlukast (20 mg twice daily) and cromolyn sodium (1600 μg four times daily) compared with placebo as first-line therapy for mild asthma using a retrospective analysis, which stratified patients by PEF variability ( Study Design Symptomatic patients (daytime asthma symptoms score ≥8) were randomized to 13 weeks of treatment in a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial. Patients and Methods Patients (n = 287) were nonsmokers (age ≥12 years) with reversible airway disease, a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) of ≥55% of predicted, and previous treatment with β 2 -agonist or theophylline only. Assessments included changes from baseline to endpoint in daytime and nocturnal asthma symptoms, β 2 -agonist use, PEF, and FEV 1 . Response to treatment was assessed by predetermined diary card and FEV 1 criteria. Safety was determined from adverse events and laboratory test results. Results No significant treatment effects were seen across efficacy measures for patients with PEF variability P 2 -agonist use, and increased morning PEF and FEV 1 compared with placebo. Response to diary card criteria was 70% and 75% for zafirlukast and cromolyn, respectively; response to FEV 1 criteria was 47% for both treatments. All treatments were tolerated well by patients. Conclusions Zafirlukast and cromolyn are effective first-line therapies for mild asthma, with both therapies producing greater benefits in patients whose PEF variability was ≥10%. In prospective trials to evaluate therapies in patients with mild asthma, it may be worthwhile to include PEF variability with a 10% cutoff either as an inclusion criteria or as a tool for subset analysis.
Completely Reducible Lie Algebras of Linear Transformations

W. W. Morozov [10] and [1i]1 has announced and indicated proofs of the following theorems. If 2 is a semi-simple Lie algebra over the field of complex numbers, then any element d of 2 such that Ad d is nilpotent can be imbedded in a three-dimensional simple subalgebra. If 9 is a semi-simple subalgebra of a semi-simple algebra 3 over the field of complex numbers, then the centralizer 9 of V in ? is a direct sum of a semi-simple algebra and its center. Moreover, the elements of the center have adjoint mappings that have simple elementary divisors. The proof of the first result appears to have a gap2 and the proof of the second result is sketched only for the case 9) a three-dimensional simple algebra. In the present note we shall give simple and complete proofs of these results for arbitrary base fields of characteristic 0. Moreover, we shall give these results what appears to be their natural setting, namely, the theory of completely reducible Lie algebras of linear transformations. We shall also extend Morozov's first result to Lie triple systems (Lemma 4) and we shall use this extension to obtain an analogue of this result for Jordan algebras (Theorem 8).
Isolation of a genomic clone encoding the rat histone variant, H1d

Abstract Mammals contain a family of five closely related H1 histone variants (H1a-e) as well as two less closely related forms, H1° and H1t. We have sequenced a rat genomic clone that encodes one of the standard H1 variants. An RNA transcript of the gene was made with bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase and translated in a cell-free system. The protein synthesized in vitro was identified as variant H1d by its electrophoretic mobility.
Multi-Scale Analysis of a Refractory Composite

A refractory composite for a high temperature application was studied at various length scales, and its effective thermo-mechanical properties were computed. The analysis considered a micro-scale model made of a representative carbon fiber, a matrix layer, and a coating layer. The model included weak tangential bonding of the intra-layer of the matrix material in order to reduce the thermal stress occurring in the coating material caused by mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansions. In addition, unit-cell models for a 3-D braided composite and a plane-weave composite were also studied. The modeling technique developed in this study can be used as a design tool for an optimal refractory composite for a given application.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Numerical approximations and regularizations of Riccati equations arising in hyperbolic dynamics with unbounded control operators

This paper provides an approximation theory for numerical computations of the solutions to algebraic Riccati equations arising in hyperbolic, boundary control problems. One of the difficulties in the approximation theory for Riccati equations is that many attractive numerical methods (such as standard finite elements) do not satisfy a “uniform stabilizability” condition, which is necessary for the stability of the approximate Riccati solutions. To deal with these problems, a regularizationapproximation technique, based on the introduction of special “artificial” terms to the dynamics of the original model, is proposed. The need for this regularization appears to be a distinct feature of hyperbolic (hyperbolic-like) equations, rather than parabolic (parabolic-like) problems where the smoothing effect of the dynamics is beneficial for the convergence and stability properties of approximate solutions to the associated Riccati equations (see [14]). The ultimate result demonstrates that the regularized, finite-dimensional feedback control yields near optimal performance and that the corresponding Riccati solution satisfies all the desired convergence properties. The general theory is illustrated by an example of a boundary control problem associated with the Kirchoff plate model. Some numerical results are provided for the given example.
An evaluation of methods for measuring fighting behaviour with special reference to Mus musculus

Abstract 1. 1. In Experiment I and Experiment 11, 12 pairs and 20 pairs, respectively, of male house mice were measured for fighting behaviour output for five minutes daily. Experiment I ran ten days, Experiment II, thirteen days. 2. 2. The dominant mouse of each pair was measured for accumulated attacking time, fighting response latency and number of attacks. 3. 3. Increased reliability coefficients were statistically significant for all three measure, P 4. 4. Product-moment correlations between measures were significant, P 5. 5. All three measures were considered desirable in the evaluation of fighting behaviour.
Characterization of Colloidal and Humic-Bound Ni and U in the "Dissolved" Fraction of Contaminated Sediment Extracts

The dissolved phase of environmental aqueous samples is generally defined by filtration at 0.2 microm or even 0.45 microm. However, it is also acknowledged that colloids <0.2 microm suspended in the aqueous phase can be important for determining contaminant availability and mobility. We have used flow field-flow fractionation (FI FFF) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to UV-absorbance (UVA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to study the dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colloidal binding of U and Ni in water extracts of sediments collected from a contaminated area of the Savannah River Site, a U.S. Department of Energy former nuclear materials production and processing facility, near Aiken, SC. High-performance SEC-UVA-ICP-MS was well-suited to the separation of DOM overthe molecular weight (MW) range of approximately 200-7000 Da. The ICP-MS element specific data indicated that a significant fraction of U was associated with DOM. Uranium exhibited a bimodal distribution and the other fraction was greater than the exclusion limit for the column and coeluted with Al. Flow FFF was used to size this fraction as colloidal with an approximate effective spherical diameter of 0.09-0.12 microm. Element specific ICP-MS data confirmed that U and Al were associated with the colloidal phase. High-field FI FFF was also applicable to sizing DOM but resolution was poorer than SEC. The results of this study suggest that "dissolved" U at this site is predominantly either complexed by DOM or bound to a colloidal fraction while Ni is predominately present as labile complexes or the free cation and, therefore, potentially bioavailable.
Marketing innovations to nurses, part 2: Marketing's role in the adoption of innovations

Abstract This article is the second in a two-part series concerning marketing techniques to enhance nurses' adoption of innovations. Introducing and getting staff to implement new policies and procedures constitute an important part of the WOC nurse's role. The application of Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory provides WOC nurses with a frame-work to introduce innovations into the clinical setting and to change subsequent practice patterns. This article introduces the WOC nurse to marketing principles needed to successfully introduce a practice innovation to nurse colleagues; it clso builds upon Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory and presents a sample marketing plan as a template for marketing innovations in the clinical setting.
Self-organization of solitons for the dissipative Korteweg-de Vries equation.

The process by which self-organization occurs for solitons described by the Korteweg--de Vries equation with a viscous dissipation term is reinvestigated theoretically with the use of numerical simulations in a periodic system. It is shown that, during nonlinear interactions, two basic processes for the self-organization of solitons are energy transfer and selective dissipation among the eigenmodes of the dissipative operator. It is also clarified that an important process during nonlinear self-organization is an interchange between the dominant operators, which has hitherto been overlooked in conventional self-organization theories and which leads to a final self-similar coherent structure, determined uniquely by the dissipative operator.
Some uncommon causes of appendiceal mucocele.

Abstract In the absence of marked intraluminal contamination a mucocele of the appendix may be formed whenever the rate of appendiceal secretion exceeds the rate of absorption and proximal drainage. The majority of mucoceles develop distal to an inflammatory stricture. During a forty-year period eleven cases in which the mucocele was not the result of inflammatory stricture were encountered at the clinic. In seven cases the appendiceal lumen was patent, the mucocele being produced by partially obstructing carcinoma of the cecum; in three cases obstruction was caused by a carcinoid, and in one case obstruction resulted from a polyp. Two mucoceles were associated with appendiceal endometriomas but it was impossible to prove that the endometrial tissue had caused obstruction.
TH-C-137-07: Population-Based IMRT Beam Aperture Shape Inference Using Retrospective Treatment Plan and Patient Data

Purpose: Existing IMRT aperture selection process is not only highly computationally expensive, but also lacks mechanism that would utilize historical data on high‐quality apertures. The purpose of our aperture classification model, apClass, is to alleviate both aforementioned issues by employing advanced machine‐learning algorithms to “learn” the high‐quality aperture patterns and, subsequently, “correlate” the identified aperture patterns to anatomic features specific to each and every patient. Methods: We have evaluated our ap Class model on ten advanced head‐and‐neck cancer patients. For each of the patients, key anatomic features and aperture shapes were retrieved from the existing physician‐approved clinical treatment plans. A greedy heuristic procedure was then used to generate a library of small area aperture envelopes. Those generated aperture envelopes represent the key tenet of our model: we recognize that patients with similar anatomic features are likely to benefit from “somewhat” similar aperture shapes. Our notion of “aperture envelope”, therefore, refers to a continuous range of mlc leaf movements which those similar aperture shapes might share. Once the library of aperture envelopes was constructed, we have implemented advanced multi‐target classification that seeks to identify similarities between anatomy of each individual patient (organ/tumor volumes and organ/tumor distances) and types of high‐quality aperture envelopes that can be used for IMRT planning. Results: Our case study of ten head‐and‐neck cancer patients indicated strong similarities between aperture patterns used in the clinical treatment plans. We were able to generate 189 aperture envelopes from over 2600 apertures used in the original clinical treatment plans and our multi‐target classification tests indicated near 80% mean 5‐fold validation accuracies for the top 25% generated aperture envelopes. Conclusion: We have presented an innovative aperture classification model with promising potential for efficient utilization of historical clinical treatment plans for new patient IMRT planning.
Mutagenesis in vivo in T cells of p21-deficient mice

Abstract Mice that are deficient in p53 exhibit an early onset of multiple types of tumors, especially thymic lymphoma. However, it remains unclear to what extent each of the p53-regulated pathways exerts its tumor suppressor activity. p21Cip1/Waf1, acting down stream of p53, is a major G1/S checkpoint protein that restricts cell cycle progression into S phase in the presence of DNA damage. While at old ages p21−/− mice have a higher incidence of many types of tumors than p21+/+ mice, they are more resistant to thymic lymphomagenesis. In this study, we characterized mutagenesis in vivo in T cells of p21-deficient mice, using loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at Aprt locus as an indicator. We found that the spontaneous Aprt mutant frequency in T cells of p21−/− mice is lower than that in p21+/+ mice. The mutational spectra, however, are similar, with mitotic recombination being the predominant pathway. In contrast to the remarkable induction of LOH events in T cells of p53−/− mice exposed to X-rays, LOH in T cells of p21−/− mice is not significantly induced by X-rays. Correspondingly, lymphoid cells of p21−/− mice are more sensitive to IR-induced apoptosis than those of p21+/+ mice, in contrast to the radioresistance of p53-deficient lymphocytes. Reduction in mutation load in T cell lineages may contribute to the suppression of thymic lymphomagenesis in p21−/− mice.
Teaching medical image analysis with the Insight Toolkit.

Abstract We present several case studies which examine the role that the Insight Toolkit (ITK) played in three medical image analysis courses and several conference tutorials. These courses represent the first use of ITK in a teaching environment, and we believe that a discussion of the teaching approach in each case and the benefits and challenges of ITK will be useful to future medical image analysis course development. ITK was found to provide significant value in a classroom setting since it provides both working “canned” algorithms, including some recently developed methods that are unavailable elsewhere, as well as a framework for developing new techniques and applications. Several areas of difficulty, particularly in regards to code complexity and advanced object-oriented design techniques, have been identified which may make the learning curve of ITK somewhat more complex than a language such as Matlab™.
Can meta-analysis help determine whether rehabilitation medicine improves outcome?

Summary.-Critical assessment of current meta-analyses of research evaluating outcomes of programs in rehabilitation is presented as are recommendations for use of appropriate selection criteria and data in future rneta-analyses. There have been few attempts to summarize the benefits of rehabilitation medicine based on empirical findings. Art~cles which have synthesized the results of such studies usually target stroke treatment and primarily evaluate functional ability to the exclusion of other important outcomes (1). Results are inconclusive and there is little consistent information describing which procedures are most effective. Meta-analysis of clinical trials to help resolve these inconsistencies may be useful; however, to date only two attempts at meta-analyzing clinical trials that evaluate rehabilitation programs have been attempted (2, 3). Both of these efforts have shortcomings that need to be addressed. For unexplained reasons, researchers performing these meta-analyses retrieved only stroke studies, yet they have acknowledged strength of metaanalysis lies in providing a mechanism for evaluating the effects of multiple operations within a literature. Second, they used vastly differing inclusion criteria, which confounds their results. For instance, Ottenbacher included studies (n = 36) that did not always compare treatment with scores of an untreated control group (4). On the other hand, Langhorne included controlled studies (n = 10) which were not necessarily peer reviewed. Last, these metaanalyses were based on different outcome criteria entirely, which makes their conclusions incomparable. Langhorne chose mortality as the outcome criterion to the exclusion of functional ability, whereas Ottenbacher chose functional ability to the exclusion of mortality, even though most studies had data on both outcomes and more. Based on these observations, the results of meta-analyses that evaluate rehabilitation studies could be improved if researchers adhered to accepted methodological and analytical approaches (5). First, adding trials that include
A proof that Witten's open string theory gives a single cover of moduli space

We show that Witten's open string diagrams are surfaces with metrics of minimal area under the condition that all nontrivial open Jordan curves be longer or equal to π. The minimal area property is used together with a mini-max problem to establish a new existence and uniqueness theorem for quadratic differentials in open Riemann surfaces with or without punctures on the boundaries. This theorem implies that the Feynman rules of open string theory give a single cover of the moduli of open Riemann surfaces.
Suppression of airborne particulates in iron ore processing facilities

Abstract Taconite (iron ore) pellets abrade during handling, forming large quantities of fine particulate matter that are easily carried by the air as dust. This dust must be controlled in order to meet air quality standards for particles finer than 10 µm (PM 10 ). It has been assumed that the most effective method for suppressing dust is to spray the pellets with surfactant solutions that maximize the wetting ability of the fine particulates. However, surfactants that provide the most rapid wetting of iron ore have not proven to be highly effective taconite dust suppressants. In order to determine what factors were actually important in controlling taconite dust, a novel dust tower apparatus was used. In these studies, improving the suppressants ability to engulf fine particles did not result in PM 10 reductions. Furthermore, surface area coverage did not appear to be a significant factor in iron ore dust suppression. Using a hygroscopic reagent which retained moisture (and actually made the iron ore wet more slowly) reduced PM 10 by as much as 85%.
A community based professional development program in data processing

A joint University-Business Professional Development Program is providing data processing training and education to the Saint Louis metropolitan area. While housed in the University, the Program's content is directed by a steering committee of data processing professionals representing supporting corporations; this committee identifies faculty and evaluates the outcome of each activity. The Program strives to combine state-of-the-art data processing with conceptual developments to increase the effectiveness of programmers, analysts and managers. An important derivative has been the assimilation of ideas and practices into the undergraduate and graduate curricula of the University.