cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable-flow free boundary migration and fractionation of cell mixtures. II. Laminar flow and density gradient stability.

Abstract In addition to: (1) hydrodynamic feedback (Paper I), † the stable-flow free boundary (STAFLO) solution to flow stability depends upon, (2) a special kind of laminar flow, and (3) density gradient stability. With the maximum operating Reynolds number of approximately 17, there appears ample safety margin in STAFLO experiments before onset of turbulence. Laminar flow demonstrated under the demanding conditions of initial set-up further supports this idea. Steady state STAFLO flow is seen to be a kind of vertical plug flow. Comparison with the velocity relations of ordinary laminar flow illustrates the manner in which the feedback principle overrides these usual relations. Equations for gravitational density gradient stability, previously developed primarily for batch type columns, are a useful starting point for treating this subject in STAFLO experiments. With flow rate as an additional variable, certain limitations inherent in stability requirements of static gradient-columns, e.g. in solution composition, sample capacity, heat dissipation, are removed. Almost arbitrary combinations of steady state density gradients with gradients of composition, conductivity, pH, etc., can be established in STAFLO experiments without the usual gradient mixing devices. A kind of experimental cell behaviour called “clump sedimentation”, related to density gradient instability, is discussed in terms of weak intercellular interactions. Since complete analysis of density gradient stability during migrations must await advances in basic theory of multiple transport processes in solution, the importance of the experimental approach is emphasized.
Applications of high dimensional model representations to computer vision

A new and powerful method for matrix decomposition is developed in this work. It is similar to singular value decomposition and the main idea comes from the univariate approximation of a function, given on a planar grid's nodes, by two variable high dimensional model representation. The proposed method is less iteration dependent than the singular value decomposition and the components are determined via straightforward steps containing recursions. It seems to have more capabilities than the singular value decomposition as an alternative method. An illustrative application is also given.
A Portable Platform for Evaluation of Visual Performance in Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose To propose a new tablet-enabled test for evaluation of visual performance in glaucoma, the PERformance CEntered Portable Test (PERCEPT), and to evaluate its ability to predict history of falls and motor vehicle crashes. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods The study involved 71 patients with glaucomatous visual field defects on standard automated perimetry (SAP) and 59 control subjects. The PERCEPT was based on the concept of increasing visual task difficulty to improve detection of central visual field losses in glaucoma patients. Subjects had to perform a foveal 8-alternative-forced-choice orientation discrimination task, while detecting a simultaneously presented peripheral stimulus within a limited presentation time. Subjects also underwent testing with the Useful Field of View (UFOV) divided attention test. The ability to predict history of motor vehicle crashes and falls was investigated by odds ratios and incident-rate ratios, respectively. Results When adjusted for age, only the PERCEPT processing speed parameter showed significantly larger values in glaucoma compared to controls (difference: 243ms; P<0.001). PERCEPT results had a stronger association with history of motor vehicle crashes and falls than UFOV. Each 1 standard deviation increase in PERCEPT processing speed was associated with an odds ratio of 2.69 (P = 0.003) for predicting history of motor vehicle crashes and with an incident-rate ratio of 1.95 (P = 0.003) for predicting history of falls. Conclusion A portable platform for testing visual function was able to detect functional deficits in glaucoma, and its results were significantly associated with history of involvement in motor vehicle crashes and history of falls.
An interactive computerized system for recognition of sinus rhythm and pacing responses in development of tachycardia detection algorithms for ICDs

Currently available implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs) cannot effectively differentiate between supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This limitation can cause inappropriate delivery of electrical shocks to patients implanted with these devices. One very promising approach for overcoming this problem relies on atrioventricular interval analysis with intracardiac leads for sensing both atrial and ventricular electrical activity. The assessment of such an approach, as performed in patients undergoing intracardiac electrophysiology study in the authors' clinic laboratory, results in vast amounts of digitized data. Thus, an interactive computerized system was designed for editing, managing and processing these data. During the test procedure, four channels of cardiac activity (two intracardiac and two ECG leads) were digitized in real time and stored onto hard disk. Software called FAST-Edit (Find-Adjust-Snip-and-Tag) was designed to perform data processing using machine recognition and operator inspection. FAST-Edit has proven to be a very useful cost effective tool in the authors' development of new tachycardia detection algorithms for future generation ICDs. Further, its simplicity allows for ready modification to fit other requirements and applications. >
Modernist Women’s Writing: Beyond the Threshold of Obsolescence

The new modernist studies has helped to expand the definition of modernism, but this move has simultaneously contributed to the marginalization of “women’s writing.” The rise of post-structuralism, transnational and race studies, as well as queer and transgender theory, have all contributed to a more complicated and nuanced understanding of gender-based analyses and their political import. However this move to expand the range and scope of our understanding of gender raises inevitable questions about the viability of the category of “modernist women’s writing.” This essay asks: What is the rationale for retaining a focus on “women’s writing”– and, more particularly, on experimental women’s writing – within modernist studies today, and how can we signal the continued vitality of this gender-inflected area of scholarship without succumbing to the bewildering label, old-fashioned?
Microinjection of sigma ligands into cranial nerve nuclei produces vacuous chewing in rats

Many typical neuroleptics carry a high risk for producing motor side effects in humans, and have significant affinities for sigma (σ) receptors. Sigma receptors are densely concentrated in cranial nerve nuclei that comprise the final common pathways for lingual, facial and masticatory movements; thus, they may serve as important substrates for some of the unwanted movements that can accompany neuroleptic treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether microinjection of σ ligands into the facial nucleus or spinal trigeminal nucleus, oralis would cause orofacial dyskinesias, and whether these effects could be attenuated with σ receptor antagonists. Microinjection of the high affinity σ ligands, di-o-tolylguanidine or haloperidol (0–10 nmol/0.5 μl), produced a marked increase in vacuous chewing and facial tremors in rats, while coadministration of the functional σ antagonists, BD1047 or BD1063 (5 nmol), greatly attenuated these drug-induced movements. Sulpiride and clozapine (10 nmol/0.5 μl), σ inactive/ dopamine active atypical antipsychotic drugs with a much reduced risk for producing motor side effects in humans, were unable to elicit orofacial dyskinesias when microinjected into the facial or spinal trigeminal nucleus, oralis. These studies indicate that σ receptors may contribute to some forms of motor side effects resulting from antipsychotic drug treatment.
A computer consultation program for primary care physicians. Impact of decisionmaking model and explanation capability.

Primary care physicians treat far more individuals with psychologic problems than do psychiatrists or psychologists,' with depression the most common psychiatric problem seen by primary care clinicians.2'3 Several studies have shown that primary care physicians' diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric problems leaves a great deal to be desired.2 4 Weissman et al.,2 for example, judged that 83% of the depressed patients seen by a sample of primary care physicians were treated inappropriately, either receiving no treatment whatsoever or being given inappropriate medications. Diagnostic screening feedback can improve family physicians' recognition of depression,5 but this is not accompanied by a corresponding improvement in treatment selection, and feedback on treatment recommendations
Renal and hemodynamic effects of dopamine in infants following cardiac surgery.

Abstract The renal and hemodynamic effects of dopamine were measured during the immediate postoperative period in six infants following repair of congenital cardiac defects. Dopamine was infused at rates of 5, 10, and 15 μ/kg/min. Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly at a dopamine infusion rate of 15 μ/kg/min. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine output increased at dopamine infusion rates of 5 and 10 μ/kg/min and returned to baseline at 15 μ/kg/min. No significant changes occurred in right atrial pressure (RAP), left atrial pressure (LAP), systemic artery pressure, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Heart rate (HR) increased slightly at a dopamine infusion rate of 15 μ/kg/min. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased significantly in only one patient. These data demonstrate that infants require high doses of dopamine to produce the hemodynamic effects seen in adults and that these higher doses may be used without adverse renal effects.
Increased Aorto-Mitral Curtain Thickness Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients With Radiation-Associated Cardiac Disease Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background Thoracic radiation leads to radiation-associated cardiac disease (RACD), associated with substantial cardiac morbidity and mortality, often requiring complex cardiothoracic surgery. In patients with RACD, along with valvular lesions, the aorto-mitral curtain (AMC, junction between base of anterior mitral leaflet and aortic root) thickness is increased on transthoracic echocardiography. We sought to identify clinical and transthoracic echocardiography predictors of long-term mortality in patients with RACD. Methods We studied 173 patients with RACD (75% women, 63 ± 14 years, 53% with breast cancer, 27% with Hodgkin lymphoma; mean time from radiation, 18 ± 12 years), who underwent cardiothoracic surgery (26% redo) between 2000 and 2003. Clinical, transthoracic echocardiography (along with AMC), and surgical variables were recorded. Preoperative EuroSCORE and all-cause mortality were recorded. Results Mean left ventricular ejection fraction, right systolic ventricular pressure, and AMC thickness were 0.49 ± 0.13, 41 ± 15 mm Hg, and 0.54 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. Fifty-one percent of patients had II+ mitral regurgitation or greater, 29% patients had II+ aortic regurgitation or greater, 23% patients had severe aortic stenosis, and 34% patients had II+ tricuspid regurgitation or greater. In 7.6 ± 3 years of follow-up, there were 95 (55%) deaths, with a 30-day mortality rate of only 7 (4%). Absence of β-blockers (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.79), aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.84), higher EuroSCORE (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.21), and greater AMC thickness (hazard ratio, 5.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.57 to 21.03; all p Conclusions Patients with RACD undergoing cardiothoracic surgery have high long-term mortality, which is independently predicted by AMC thickness, a higher preoperative risk score, and lack of cardioprotective medications.
Foliar retention of 15N tracers: implications for net canopy exchange in low- and high-elevation forest ecosystems

Abstract Nitrogen-15 (15N) labelled ammonium and nitrate were applied to understory saplings in a low-elevation deciduous forest and a high-elevation coniferous forest during the 1993 growing season to estimate the minimum retention of inorganic N from wet deposition. Tissue samples were collected at both sites before and after the tracer applications to determine the initial and the final 15N content. The fraction of the tracer application retained by deciduous leaves or by current-year leaves and stems on conifers was calculated from measurements of 15N and total N content. At both study sites, tracer applications significantly increased the 15N content of sapling tissues, although there was no significant difference between the fractional retention of ammonium and nitrate. The results support earlier studies indicating that the foliar retention of 15N applied in simulated wet deposition is small. Our estimates of annual N uptake from wet deposition by the forest canopy at the low- and high-elevation study sites were only 14 and 7%, respectively. This study, along with prior studies of the different chemical forms of N deposition, indicates that canopy uptake of dry N deposition is a major contributor to the net canopy exchange of N in both forests.
Ultra-low doses of chirality sorted (6,5) carbon nanotubes for simultaneous tumor imaging and photothermal therapy.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic fluorescence and strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) biological window (0.7–1.4 μm), rendering them ideal for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy. Advances in SWCNT sorting have led to improved nanoelectronics and are promising for nanomedicine. To date, SWCNTs used in vivo consist of heterogeneous mixtures of nanotubes and only a small subset of chirality nanotubes fluoresces or heats under a NIR laser. Here, we demonstrate that separated (6,5) SWCNTs exchanged into a biocompatible surfactant, C18-PMH-mPEG, are more than 6-fold brighter in photoluminescence on the per mass basis, afford clear tumor imaging, and reach requisite photothermal tumor ablation temperatures with a >10-fold lower injected dose than as-synthesized SWCNT mixtures while exhibiting relatively low (6,5) accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system. The intravenous injection of ∼4 μg of (6,5) SWCNTs per mouse (0.254 mg/kg) for dual imaging/photothermal t...
Microstructural and experimental constraints on the rheology of partially molten gabbro beneath oceanic spreading centers

Abstract Flow laws for high-temperature creep of olivine, plagioclase, and diabase are used to place constraints on the rheology of partially molten lower oceanic crust. This analysis is motivated by the observation of olivine lattice preferred orientations and subgrain microstructures in oceanic gabbros that lack evidence for dislocation creep in coexisting plagioclase and pyroxene. Extrapolation of experimental flow laws indicates that at temperatures above 1100°C and stresses less than 10 MPa, olivine may be the weakest phase in rocks with gabbroic composition. By accounting for variations in the melt fraction (0–10%) and grain size of partially molten plagioclase aggregates we can constrain the rheological conditions where olivine deforms by dislocation creep while plagioclase deforms by diffusion creep. Calculated effective viscosities range from 10 15 to 10 19 Pa s; based on observations of the geometry of the partially molten zone beneath the East Pacific Rise and the microstructural and experimental constraints we favor a value of ∼10 18 Pa s. This value approaches estimates for the viscosity of the upper mantle beneath ridge axes, but is significantly higher than previously suggested for the partially molten lower crust. Such high viscosities are inconsistent with ridge evolution models that require large amounts of lower crustal flow to accommodate melt redistribution. However, the results are compatible with recent models that favor local magma replenishment from the mantle at closely spaced intervals along the spreading center axis in a 2D, ‘sheet-like’ fashion.
Deep levels and a possible D-X-Like center in molecular beam epitaxial In x Al 1-x As

The work reported here was performed in order to establish whether or not complex defects like the D-X center can be present in InAlAs. Dominant deep electron and hole traps in lattice-matched In0.52Al0.48As/InP have been identified and characterized. The traps have activation energies ranging from 0.25 to 0.95 eV. The electron traps have very large capture cross-sections,~10−12-10−11 cm2, similar to attractive centers. The lattice-matched samples do not show any persistent photoconductivity effects at low temperatures. In strained In1−xAlxAs with 0.48 <x ≤ 0.57, an electron trap with a thermal ionization energy of 0.35 eV, a strong dependence of its concentration on donor doping and very small thermal capture cross-section, 1018 cm2, is identified. These samples exhibit persistent photoconductivity. We believe this trap is similar to the D-X center commonly observed in AlxGa1−xAs forx ≥ 0.28.
Surfaces formed by subcritical crack growth in silicate glasses

The topography of surfaces formed in glass by subcritical crack growth was investigated by a method of mapping using atomic force microscopy. The objective of the study was to determine how well "upper" and "lower" surfaces matched after having been formed by a crack moving at slow velocity. The question arose, were features left in the fracture surfaces of silicate glasses that would indicate the formation of cavities during the fracture process? Studies were performed on silica glass and soda-lime-silicate glass. Fracture surfaces were formed either in water or in moist environments at velocities that ranged from 10 -2 m/s down to 10 -10 m/s. This procedure covered almost the entire range of velocities used for subcritical crack growth experiments in glass. Opposing fracture surfaces formed during our studies were found to "match" over the entire range of velocities and for all environments studied. For silica glass, the surfaces were found to match to an accuracy of better than 0.3nm normal to the fracture surface and 5nm within the fracture surface. For soda-lime-silicate glass, surfaces were found to match to an accuracy of 0.5 nm to 0.8nm normal to the fracture surface and 5 nm within the fracture surface. Within these limits, no evidence for cavitation was found in either glass.
A National Study of the Current Status of State School Counseling Models.

A national survey was conducted using a structured interview to investigate the status of school counseling models in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Findings determined that 17 states have established models, 24 states are progressing in model implementation, and 10 states are at a beginning stage of model development. Implications for state-level practice, professional advocacy, school counseling policy, and future research are discussed.
Structural Basis of Multifunctionality in a Vitamin B12-processing Enzyme

An early step in the intracellular processing of vitamin B12 involves CblC, which exhibits dual reactivity, catalyzing the reductive decyanation of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), and the dealkylation of alkylcobalamins (e.g. methylcobalamin; MeCbl). Insights into how the CblC scaffold supports this chemical dichotomy have been unavailable despite it being the most common locus of patient mutations associated with inherited cobalamin disorders that manifest in both severe homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. Herein, we report structures of human CblC, with and without bound MeCbl, which provide novel biochemical insights into its mechanism of action. Our results reveal that CblC is the most divergent member of the NADPH-dependent flavin reductase family and can use FMN or FAD as a prosthetic group to catalyze reductive decyanation. Furthermore, CblC is the first example of an enzyme with glutathione transferase activity that has a sequence and structure unrelated to the GST superfamily. CblC thus represents an example of evolutionary adaptation of a common structural platform to perform diverse chemistries. The CblC structure allows us to rationalize the biochemical basis of a number of pathological mutations associated with severe clinical phenotypes.
In vivo effect of inhibitors of heme biosynthesis on serum hemopexin (Hx) levels and its pharmacological induction

Abstract To clarify the relationship of heme biosynthesis to the pharmacological induction of serum hemopexin (Hx), the effect of inhibitors of heme biosynthesis on serum Hx levels and its induction by benzpyrene (BP) was investigated in rabbits. Agents used were aminotriazole (AT), diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (DDC) and lead acetate. BP, an inducer of hepatic heme-containing microsomal enzymes, induced serum Hx, but AT did not prevent this induction. DDC did not decrease serum Hx levels. Lead acetate increased serum levels of Hx at the time laboratory findings of lead intoxication were encountered. These findings suggest that the previously demonstrated rise in Hx levels following injection of inducing agents reflects a part of hepatic protein synthesis unrelated to heme biosynthesis.
Analytical framework and bandwidth optimisation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing low-order multi-channel filter-bank receivers for achieving sampling clock-jitter robustness

Stringent jitter specifications in the sampling clocks severely limit the evolution of future generations of wideband high-performance receivers. For instance, it is shown that a conventional single-channel receiver requires 1.5 ps of jitter standard deviation to achieve 34 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when sampling a 10 GHz orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. This study presents an analytical framework for the design of jitter-tolerant multi-channel filter-bank OFDM receivers. Additionally, the study presents an optimisation method for the filter-bank bandwidth that is able to reduce the filter-bank order saving power and area and achieving optimal signal quality. Simulations that confirm the analytical result show that 34 and 38 dB SNR are achieved with 5-channel and 10-channel receivers, respectively, when using second-order bandwidth-optimised filter-bank that samples a 10 GHz OFDM signal tolerating 6 ps of jitter.
A Low Cost Gram Quantity Preparative Reverse Phase Chromatography System

Abstract The preparation of a low cost reverse phase preparative liquid chromatography system is described. The described system is capable of providing gram quantity scale-up from analytical reverse phase hplc systems. Load capacity is in the two gram range.
Boundary-layer tables for similar compressible flow

T HE similar solutions of the compressible, laminar boundary-layer equations depend on a pressure gradient parameter |8 and on the wall-to-inviscid stagnation temperature ratio gw. However, derived quantities, such as various thicknesses, also depend on a speed parameter 5. A comprehensive table of results is therefore three-dimensional and, in fact, does not exist. One of the more extensive tabulations is due to Back. His three-dimensional table, however, is scanty, lacking results for negative /3 and for gw > 1 . Furthermore, the spacing on gw and S is nonuniform and inadequate for interpolation or extrapolation. These remarks are not criticisms, since a comprehensive three-dimensional table is a prohibitive undertaking and, even it is existed, would be difficult and awkard to use. We provide a new formulation that enables all quantities of interest to be determined by a set of two-dimensional tables in which j8 and gw are the only entree parameters. With such a set, accurate values can be found for the skin-friction coefficient, Stanton number, and the five most common viscous and thermal boundary-layer thicknesses for arbitrary values of S. We use the compressible similarity equations under the traditional assumptions of steady flow of a perfect gas with unity values for the Prandtl number and Chapman-Rubesin parameter. The bounding wall is assumed impermeable, and the flow is two-dimensional or axisymmetric. Our nomenclature is usually that of Ref. 1 or may be found in the full paper. For the subsequent derivation, we need the following collection of integrals, all of which are exact:
The Effects of Curvature on Fluid Flow Fields in Pulmonary Artery Models: Flow Visualization Studies

In vitro pulsatile flow visualization studies were conducted to assess the effects of varying radii of curvature of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) on the flow fields in the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries of a one month lamb pulmonary artery model. Three glass flow-through models were studied; one with no curvature, one with the correct anatomic curvature, and one with an overaccentuated curvature on the RVOT and MPA. All other geometric parameters were held constant. Pulsatile flow visualization studies were conducted at nine flow conditions; heart rates of 70, 100, and 140 bpm, and cardiac outputs of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 l/min with corresponding mean pulmonary pressures of 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. Changes were observed in the pulmonary flow fields as the curvature of the outflow tract, heart rate and mean pulmonary pressure were varied. An increase in vessel curvature led to an increase in the overall radial nature of the flow field as well as flow separation regions which formed faster, originated further downstream, and occupied more of the vessel area. At higher heart rates, the maximum size of the separation regions decreased, while flow separation regions appeared earlier in the cardiac cycle and grew more quickly. Heart rate also affected the initiation of flow reversal; flow reversal occurred later in the cardiac cycle at lower heart rates. Both heart rate and mean pulmonary pressure influenced the stability of the pulmonary flow field and the appearance of coherent structures. In addition, an increase in mean pulmonary pressure increased the magnitude of reverse flow. These flow visualization observations have directed more quantitative studies such as pulsed Doppler ultrasound and laser Doppler anemometry velocity measurements.
Diethanolamine absorption, metabolism and disposition in rat and mouse following oral, intravenous and dermal administration

1. The disposition of [14C]diethanolamine (DEA) (1) was determined in rat after oral, i.v. and dermal administration, and in mouse after dermal administration. 2. Oral administration of DEA to rat was by gavage of 7 mg/kg doses once and after daily repeat dosing for up to 8 weeks. Oral doses were well absorbed but excreted very slowly. DEA accumulated to high concentrations in certain tissues, particularly liver and kidney. The steady-state of bioaccumulation was approached only after several weeks of repeat oral dosing, and the half-life of elimination was approximately 1 week. 3. DEA was slowly absorbed through the skin of rat (3-16% in 48 h) after application of 2-28 mg/kg doses. Dermal doses ranging from 8 to 80 mg/kg were more readily absorbed through mouse skin (25-60%) in 48 h of exposure, with the percent of the applied dose absorbed increasing with dose. 4. Single doses (oral or i.v.) of DEA were excreted slowly in urine (c. 22-25% in 48 h) predominantly as the parent compound. There was minimal conversion to CO2 or volatile metabolites in breath. The profile of metabolites appearing in urine changed after several weeks of repeat oral administration, with significant amounts of N-methylDEA and more cationic metabolites appearing along with unchanged DEA.
Sequence comparison on the connection machine

We give two parallel algorithms for sequence comparison on the Connection Machine 2 (CM-2). The specific comparison measure we compute is the edit distance: given a finite alphabet ∑ and two input sequences X ϵ ∑+ and Y ϵ ∑+ the edit distance d(X,Y) is the minimum cost of transforming X into Y via a series of weighted insertions, deletions and substitutions of characters. The edit distance comparison measure is equivalent to or subsumes a broad range of well known sequence comparison measures. The CM-2 is very fast at performing parallel prefix operations. Our contribution consists of casting the problem in terms of these operations. Our first algorithm computes d(X,Y) using N processors and O(M S) time units, where M = min(|X|,||Y|) + 1, N = max(|X|,|Y|) + 1 and S is the time required for a parallel prefix operation. The second algorithm computes d(X,Y) using NM processors and O((log N log M)(S + R)) time units, where R is the time for a ‘router’ communication step—one in which each processor is able to read data, in parallel, from the memory of any other processor. Our algorithms can also be applied to several variants of the problem, such as subsequence comparisons, and one—many and many-many comparisons on 'sequence databases'.
Mapping of bacteriophage f1 ribosome binding sites to their cognate genes

Abstract We have isolated ribosome binding sites from bacteriophage f1-mRNA transcripts. These ribosome binding sites were hybridized to purified “minus”-strand restriction fragments, isolated and subjected to two-dimensional fingerprint analysis following digestion with RNase T 1 . By this method, we have mapped the three ribosome binding sites sequenced by Pieczenik et al . [Pieczenik, G., Model, P., and Robertson, H. D. (1974). J. Mol. Biol. 90 , 191–2141 to fl genes VIII, V, and IV, respectively, and have identified an additional ribosome binding site which maps to either genes VI or I.
Multi-attribute spaces: Calibration for attribute fusion and similarity search

Recent work has shown that visual attributes are a powerful approach for applications such as recognition, image description and retrieval. However, fusing multiple attribute scores — as required during multi-attribute queries or similarity searches — presents a significant challenge. Scores from different attribute classifiers cannot be combined in a simple way; the same score for different attributes can mean different things. In this work, we show how to construct normalized “multi-attribute spaces” from raw classifier outputs, using techniques based on the statistical Extreme Value Theory. Our method calibrates each raw score to a probability that the given attribute is present in the image. We describe how these probabilities can be fused in a simple way to perform more accurate multiattribute searches, as well as enable attribute-based similarity searches. A significant advantage of our approach is that the normalization is done after-the-fact, requiring neither modification to the attribute classification system nor ground truth attribute annotations. We demonstrate results on a large data set of nearly 2 million face images and show significant improvements over prior work. We also show that perceptual similarity of search results increases by using contextual attributes.
The Variation of the Elastic Constants of Crystalline Sodium with Temperature Between 80°K and 210°K

Methods are described for growing single crystals of sodium in the form of rods 4.7 mm in diameter and 10 cm long, for handling the crystals in an atmosphere of helium, and for measuring the principal elastic moduli at low temperatures. Values of the adiabatic and isothermal moduli and constants are tabulated at ten degree intervals between 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 210\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The value of the Debye characteristic temperature, calculated from the values of the elastic constants at 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, is 164\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Integrated design of efficient & reliable motor drive and PFC using low cost microcontroller with embedded PGAs and CLA

Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) drives commonly utilize variable speed control to maximize efficiency and increasingly power factor correction (PFC) stage in the rectifier design to comply with regulations, such as IEC 61000-3-2, which limit the input current harmonics. Cycle by cycle control is desired for both the PFC stage and motor inverter. Closed loop control of these stages consumes the entire bandwidth available on a typical microcontroller leaving no bandwidth to implement fault diagnostics, housekeeping and host functions. This paper presents design of motor control and PFC using a single low cost microcontroller (MCU- TI TMS320F2805x) with embedded analog subsystem consisting of programmable gate arrays (PGA) to sense the shunt inverter currents, windowed comparators and DACs for programmable protection levels; and small footprint control law accelerator (CLA) to double the bandwidth. The integrated design reduces the number of components, reducing board size and build cost and enables on the fly changes which brings enhanced control possibilities for a cost sensitive market without compromising on cost.
Roles of the spleen in acute plasmodial and babesial infections in rats.

Abstract This investigation was conducted to elucidate the roles of the spleen in Plasmodium berghei and Babesia rodhaini infections of intact, splenectomized, and parabiotic rats. In addition, the function of splenectomy in altering the host-specific resistance of the rat to infection with P. gallinaceum was studied. Removal of the spleen resulted in delay of about a week before the peak of parasitemia, anemic crisis, erythrophagocytosis, and the appearance of agglutinins occurred. Splenectomized rats infected with P. berghei invariably died, while splenectomized rats infected with B. rodhaini all survived; other parameters of these two infections in splenectomized rats were very similar to each other. In parabiotic rats, the single spleen was able to moderate the course of the disease in the conjoined pair for nearly 2 weeks but was not able to overcome the deteriorating influence of the splenectomized animal, since both eventually died. Ordinarily regarded as highly host specific for avian species, P. gallinaceum successfully parasitized splenectomized rats; erythrocytic and probably, exoerythocytic stages, were observed. The morphologic features of the parasite were somewhat changed in the rat. Filaments attached to the parasite were observed and photographed. When parasitized rat blood was inoculated into chickens, the morphologic features of the organism returned to normal, but the peak of parasitemia was delayed in all and lowered in many chickens. Parasites were observed in the peripheral blood of rats between 3 and 13 days postinjection (DPI) and in the liver and bone marrow of rats up to 18 DPI. Results demonstrated the importance of the spleen in both general and specific-host resistance.
Ballistic transport in a semiconductor with collisions

At low temperature in a high mobility semiconductor such as GaAs the transit time of electrons across a short device may become comparable or even less than the time between collisions. Under such conditions electrons may move almost ballistically accelerating in the electric field. Such a situation is analyzed in the frame of a simple model assuming a single energy independent relaxation time. This model allows solving a problem in an analytical form. The model predicts that at high injection level (voltages larger than a punchthrough voltage) the I-V characteristics change from the case described by the Child-Langmuir law for a short device and/or a large time between collisions to the case described by the Mott-Gurney law in the collision-dominated case. At low injection level the space oscillations of the electric field with the wavelength \lambda = 2\pi\v/\omega_{p} may appear (ω p is the plasma frequency and v is the electron velocity) and the I-V characteristic may become multivalued (S-type) due to the influence of the positive donor charge leading to the space overshoot of electrons.
Effects of Types I, II and III antioxidants on phospholipid oxidation in a meat model for warmed over flavour

Abstract Freeze-dried, washed ground meat was mixed with lecithin and antioxidants dissolved in water, heated and then stored in the refrigerator in order to study phospholipid oxidation as related to warmed over flavour. Type I and II antioxidants decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, while most Type III's gave an increase, depending on their concentration. Similar effects on phospholipid oxidation were detected with capillary gas chromatography for representatives of each type of antioxidant, i.e. butylated hydroxy anisole, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium bisulfite, cysteine and water activity regulators.
Some implications of the logical calculus for empirical classes for social science methodology

An exposition of a calculus for empirical classes (CEC), one of the few attempts by logicians to deal with the problem of constructs and indicators, is presented. The CEC provides the groundwork for a formal structure for the situation in which individuals have a degree of membership in various classes rather than having either membership or nonmembership—a situation nearly always true in empirical research. The CEC is presented and its relation to various social science concepts is mentioned. An application of the CEC model to latent structure analysis (LSA) suggests alternatives to the local independence assumption including one called the local scale assumption, which has a close relation to a Guttman scale.
A quasi-static thermoelastic analysis of a propagating crack

Abstract The effects of heat generation by the plastic deformations occurring at the tip of a running crack in quasi-brittle materials is considered. The changes in the surrounding elastic stress field are examined for the case of a semi-infinite, constant velocity crack. It is found that the stresses immediately preceding the propagating crack are reduced in intensity as a natural consequence of a material's irreversibility and that the magnitude of this reduction increases with increasing crack velocity.
Interdecadal variability of the relationship between the Indian Ocean zonal mode and East African coastal rainfall anomalies

Abstract The variance of the rainfall during the October–November–December (OND) “short rain” season along the coast in Kenya and Tanzania correlates strongly with sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean between 1950 and 1999. A zonal pattern of positive correlation in the Arabian Sea and negative correlation southwest of Sumatra forms in the summer preceding the rainy season. The positive correlation strengthens in the western Indian Ocean and the negative correlation in the eastern Indian Ocean weakens in the subsequent fall concurrent with the short rain. Reduced OND East African rainfall is associated with the reversed SST pattern. The OND rainfall also correlates strongly with ENSO. The SST–rain correlation pattern breaks down between the years 1983 and 1993, as does the correlation with ENSO. However, between 1994 and 1999 the OND rainfall, ENSO, and the SST zonal mode again return to strong correlation, as in the years preceding 1983.
Dissenting with queer theory: reading Rancière queerly

In this article, the author looks to the work of Jacques Ranciere to engage the possibilities in dissensus in queer theory in education. Fatigued of Foucault, bored with Butler, disdainful of Derrida and dumbfounded by Deleuze and Guattari, and just generally tired of feeling bullied into citing particular people and not others, the author attempts to join the growing use of Ranciere in queer theory. Questions of queer theory's (or is it theories) relevance, its purpose, its contributions are asked more and more. While some have dissented from queer theory for perhaps queerer pastures, the author dissents with queer theory showing how humor provides a concrete “application” to dissent from education's continued reactionary and conservative approaches. Queer theory may have been institutionalized, but it remains, as the author argues, a necessary and important political framework to intervene in the ongoing process of normalization.
Productivity or politics: The determinants of the Indonesian tariff structure☆

Abstract The paper considers whether the structure of the effective rate of protection across manufacturing sectors in Indonesia is better explained by variables that measure economic efficiency or those capturing the potential political influence wielded by those active in various sectors. Econometric estimates for 1984 indicate that tariffs were made to measure to offset the degree of low productivity in individual sectors. Political influence does not appear to significantly affect the granting of protection.
Photochemical carbon dioxide fixation by cell-free leaf macerates.

Abstract Cell-free leaf macerates which exhibit an increase in carbon dioxide fixation upon illumination have been prepared. Over 70% of the increment of fixation due to light is in phosphoglyceric and pyruvic acids. Addition of glyoxal or 2-phosphoglycolaldehyde increases the amount of light fixation without increasing the dark fixation. These results demonstrate the presence in cell-free leaf macerates, prepared as described in this article, of an enzyme system capable of fixing carbon dioxide in phosphoglyceric and pyruvic acids and of utilizing radiant energy absorbed by chlorophyll for this fixation and suggest that glyoxal may be closely related to the 2-carbon acceptor for carbon dioxide which functions in photosynthesis.
Within-pair Copulations: Are Female Tree Swallows Feathering Their Own Nests?

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Arithmetic Fourier Transform And Adaptive Delta Modulation: A Symbiosis For High Speed Computation

This report presents preliminary results on the VLSI design and implementation of a novel and promising algorithm for accurate high-speed Fourier analysis and synthesis. The Arithmetic Fourier Transform is based on the number -theoretic method of Mobius inversion. Its computations proceed in parallel and the individual operations are very simple. Except for a small number of scalings in one stage of the computation, only multiplications by 0, +1, and -1 are required. If the input samples were not quantized and if deal real-number operations were used internally, then the results would be exact. The accuracy of the computation is limited only by the input A/D conversion process, any constraints on the word lengths of internal accumulating registers, and the implementation of the few scaling operations. Motivated by the goal of efficient, effective, high-speed realization of the algorithm in an integrated circuit, we introduce further simplicities by the use of delta modulation to represent the input function in digital form. The result is that only binary (or preferably, ternary) sequences need to be processed in the parallel computations. And the required accumulations can be replaced by up/down counters. The dynamic range of the resulting transformation can be increased by the usemore » of adaptive delta modulation.« less
The relationship between pencil cleavage and lateral shortening within the Devonian section of the Appalachian Plateau, New York

Here we call attention to a weakly developed pencil cleavage as an indicator of the pervasiveness of lateral shortening within the sedimentary sequence of the Appalachian Plateau. The pencil cleavage appears in Upper Devonian shales as a set of closely spaced vertical partings, and it gives the shale a crude lineation similar to the pencil structures in slate districts. The strike of the shale pencil structures parallels the strike of stylolitic solution cleavage in limestones and is normal to the direction of lateral shortening indicated by deformed fossils. These deformation markers generally conform with the variation in trend of the Appalachian Plateau folds. Where the strike of the pencil cleavage diverges from the fold axes, the relation between cleavage and folding suggests that the cleavage formed first.
Ozone-water 1:1 complexes O3-H2O: an ab initio study.

Ab initio MO calculations have been carried out for the ozone-water 1:1 complexes in order to elucidate the structures and electronic state of the complexes. The QCISD calculations indicated that three structures are obtained as stable forms of O(3)-H(2)O. The most stable structure of O(3)-H(2)O has C(s) symmetry where the central oxygen of O(3) and all atoms of H(2)O are located on the molecular C(s) plane. The dipole of H(2)O orients toward the central oxygen atom of O(3) (i.e., dipole orientation form). The other two forms are cis and trans forms of O(3)-H(2)O where all atoms are located on the molecular plane, and a hydrogen of H(2)O binds to one of the terminal oxygen atoms of O(3) by a hydrogen bond. The binding energies of O(3) to H(2)O for dipole, cis, and trans forms are calculated to be 2.39, 2.27, and 2.30 kcal/mol, respectively, at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//QCISD/6-311++G((d,p) level. The dipole orientation form is more stable in energy than the cis and trans forms. Rotational constants for the dipole orientation form are calculated to be A = 11.897, B = 4.177, and C = 3.318 GHz which are in good agreement with the experimental values (A = 11.961, B = 4.174, and C = 3.265 GHz). The electronic states of O(3)-H(2)O were discussed on the basis of theoretical results.