cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin Prophylaxis on Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: A Retrospective Evaluation ☆ ☆☆ ★ ★★ ☆☆☆

Study Objective Characterize the incidence of elevated aPTT results in patients treated with prophylactic, subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH).
pH Responsive and Oxidation Resistant Wet Adhesive based on Reversible Catechol-Boronate Complexation.

A smart adhesive capable of binding to a wetted surface was prepared by copolymerizing dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and 3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid (AAPBA). pH was used to control the oxidation state and the adhesive property of the catechol side chain of DMA and to trigger the catechol–boronate complexation. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the complex at pH 9, which was not present at pH 3. The formation of the catechol–boronate complex increased the cross-linking density of the adhesive network. Most notably, the loss modulus values of the adhesive were more than an order of magnitude higher for adhesive incubated at pH 9 when compared to those measured at pH 3. This drastic increase in the viscous dissipation property is attributed to the introduction of reversible complexation into the adhesive network. Based on the Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics test, adhesive containing both DMA and AAPBA demonstrated strong interfacial binding properties (work of adhesion (Wadh) =...
Abstract 2891: Dynamic Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity within the Human Myocardial Interstitium during Ischemia-Reperfusion

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to adverse myocardial remodeling with ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). However, MMP levels were measured in extracted samples, and therefore, whether and to what degree actual changes in interstitial MMP activity occur within the human myocardium in the context of I/R remained unknown. MMP interstitial activity (MMPact) was quantified within the myocardium of patients (n=13) undergoing elective cardiac surgery during steady-state conditions, as well as during and following an obligatory period of I/R achieved by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Interstitial MMPact was continuously monitored using a validated MMP fluorogenic substrate, a microdialysis system placed within the myocardium, and in-line fluorescent detection system. The MMP fluorogenic substrate would be cleaved by active MMPs from all MMP classes, but not by any other protease system. MMPact, measured as fluoroscence emission, reached a stable steady state level by 10 minutes following deployment of the microdialysis system. A representative continuous, interstitial recording of MMP activity is shown in Fig A and summary results for all patients is shown in Fig B. During initiation of CPB, MMPact increased by 20% from baseline, and then rapidly fell with cardiac arrest and longer periods of CPB. However, with restoration of myocardial blood flow and separation from CPB, MMPact increased by over 30% from baseline. The present study directly demonstrated that MMP proteolytic activity exists within the human myocardial interstitium and is a dynamic process under conditions such as transient ischemia-reperfusion.
Computing Linked Data On-Demand Using the VOLT Proxy

The Linked Data paradigm has changed how data on the Web is published, retrieved, and interlinked, thereby enabling modern question answering systems and contributing to the spread of open data. With the increasing size, interlinkage, and complexity of the Linked Data cloud, the focus is now shifting towards strategies and technologies to ensure that Linked Data can also succeed as an infrastructure. This raises questions about the sustainability of query endpoints, the reproducibility of scientific experiments conducted using Linked Data, the lack of established quality metrics, as well as the need for improved ontology alignment and query federation techniques. One core issue that needs to be addressed is the trade-off between storing data and computing them on-demand. Data that is derived from already stored data, changes frequently in space and time, or is the output of some workflow, should be computed. However, such functionality is not readily available on the Linked Data cloud today. To address this issue, we have developed a transparent SPARQL proxy that enables the on-demand computation of Linked Data together with the provenance information required to understand how the data were derived. Here, we demonstrate how the proxy works under the hood by applying it to the computation of cardinal directions between geographic features in DBpedia.
Determination of Ethanol in Whey-Sugar Solutions by Freezing.

The composition of solutions undergoing yeast fermentation was simulated by using direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey containing increasing amounts of ethanol (0 to 5.4%) with decreasing amounts of sucrose (10 to 0%). Each decrease of 1 g of sucrose per 100 ml of whey accompanied by an increase of 0.54 g of ethanol decreased specific gravity 0.0046 unit and lowered the freezing point 0.159 H. Whey containing 10% added sucrose was treated as follows: (a) inoculated with Kluyveromyces fragilis , (b) carbohydrate splitting enzymes added and inoculated with K. fragilis and (c) carbohydrate splitting enzymes added and inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae . All mixtures were incubated 48 h at 32 C during which six samples from each treatment were analyzed for total solids, specific gravity and freezing point. No difference (P>.05) was noted between samples treated with enzymes or those treated with the two yeasts cultures as related to decrease in total solids concentration or specific gravity. Each 0.001-H decrease in freezing point was accompanied by a total solids decrease of0.006 g per 100 g of whey in the non-enzyme treated sample, and 0.008 g and 0.010 g per 100 g whey in the enzyme-treated samples inoculated with K. fragilis and S. cerevisiae , respectively. Each 0.001-H change in freezing point was equivalent to a change of 0.00003 specific gravity unit in the non-enzyme treated sample and 0.000043 and 0.000048 specific gravity unit in the enzyme-treated samples inoculated with K. fragilis and S. cerevisiae , respectively. The precision with which freezing point can be determined suggests its use in evaluating the amount of ethanol produced during fermentation.
Infiltration of polarized macrophages associated with liver fibrosis in infants with biliary atresia.

Abstract Background/purpose Macrophages exert critical functions in liver homeostasis and have been proposed as potential targets in combatting fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate polarized functional status of liver infiltrated macrophages in infants with biliary atresia (BA). Methods Immunohistochemical staining for CD68, CD163, and IRF5 was performed in 40 BA infants. Liver biopsies were scored for fibrosis and tested for association with clinical biochemical characteristics. Results Developing lesions in BA liver progressively accumulated both CD163 + macrophages (M2) and IRF5 + macrophages (M1), while CD163 and IRF5 staining was stronger than the control group (p Conclusions We demonstrated a strong presence of polarized macrophages in BA liver, and macrophage phenotypes were involved in disease development. The balance of different polarized macrophage subpopulations may play a key role in fibrogenesis of BA.
Abstract 12474: Nicotinamide Restores Tissue Nad+ and Improves Outcomes in a Murine Model of Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Metabolic suppression in the ischemic heart is characterized by reduced levels of NAD+ and ATP. Hypothesis: Since NAD+ is required for most metabolic processes that generate ATP, we h...
Loss of Glis3 causes dysregulation of retrotransposon silencing and germ cell demise in fetal mouse testis.

Fetal germ cell development is regulated by an elaborate combination of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. Here we identify a novel role for the Kruppel-like transcription factor Gli-Similar 3 (Glis3) in male germ cell development in the mouse embryos. Glis3 is expressed in male germ cells during the brief window of time prior to initiation of piRNA-dependent retrotransposon surveillance. Disruption of Glis3 function led to a widespread reduction in retrotransposon silencing factors, aberrant retrotransposon expression and pronounced germ cell loss. Experimental induction of precocious Glis3 expression in vivo before its normal expression resulted in premature expression of several piRNA pathway members, suggesting that GLIS3 is necessary for the activation of the retrotransposon silencing programs. Our findings reveal an unexpected role for GLIS3 in the development of male germ cells and point to a central role for GLIS3 in the control of retrotransposon silencing in the fetal germline.
Dwight Waldo and Education for Public Administration.

Dwight Waldo, a primary influence in public administration education from the 1940s through the 1970s, continues to profoundly affect educators and researchers. This article examines Waldo's far-re...
REGULATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES BY T CELL MEMBRANE GANGLIOSIDES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an experimental approach that was designed to determine whether GM1 gangliosides, displaying Thy-1 properties, played a functional role in cell–cell interaction of differentiating lymphocytes. Activated T cells release factors that can nonspecifically enhance antibody responses. The chapter discusses a unifying concept of a possible mechanism and selective advantages of glycosphingolipid modulation of B cells with respect to current models of lymphocyte interactions. For hemolytic plaque assay of bone marrow cells maintained in Marbrook chambers, cells were aspirated from the inner chamber after one-half of the culture medium had been discarded. Ganglioside fractions were prepared using C3H mouse thymocytes or brain cells by treatment with chloroform–methanol to extract lipid material. T lymphocyte GM1 gangliosides, in the liposome state, were found to have a temporary suppressive effect on B lymphocytes. This modulation was not antigen-specific as B cells of various specificities were rendered unresponsive for about 24 h following incubation with the T-cell gangliosides.
CLOSURE OF DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR DYNAMICALLY LOADED FOUNDATIONS

ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE BEEN MADE OR HAVE COME TO THE ATTENTION OF THE AUTHORS SINCE THE PREPARATION OF THE ORIGINAL PAPER ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MACHINE FOUNDATIONS. THESE CONTRIBUTIONS REINFORCE THE BASIC PREMISE OF THE ORIGINAL PAPER; AN EQUIVALENT MASS-SPRING DASHPOT SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED FOR PRACTICAL ANALYSIS OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS. THE VALIDITY OF THE GENERAL APPROACH RECOMMENDED BY THE WRITERS HAS BEEN FURTHER DEMONSTRATED BY THE CASE STUDIES PRESENTED BY MARGASON ET AL. REFERENCES ARE GIVEN FOR SOLUTIONS PRESENTED ON: SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS, VISCOELASTIC HALFSPACE, EFFECT OF EMBEDMENT, AND FOUNDATION UPON SHALLOW STRATUM. REFERENCES: DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR DYNAMICALLY LOADED FOUNDATIONS, R. V. WHITMAN, F. E. RICHART, JR., ASCE PROCEEDINGS PAPER 5569, NOVEMBER 1967.
The Influence of Psychological Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Cortisol on Body Mass and Central Adiposity in 10- to-12-Year-Old Children.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of psychological stress and depressive symptoms on body mass and central adiposity in 10-to-12-year-old children and to determine the mediating role of cortisol in the relationships among psychological stress, depressive symptoms, body mass, or central adiposity. Design and Methods The convenience sample included 147 children (84 females; 63 males) who were recruited from one middle school and three elementary schools in a rural area of a southeastern state. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and salivary cortisol were measured. Children completed the Rating Scale for Pubertal Development for screening, Children's Depression Inventory, and the Feel Bad Scale. Bivariate correlation, multiple regression analyses, and univariate regression techniques were used in data analyses. Results A positive relationship between psychological stress and depressive symptoms (r = 0.559, p Conclusions Depressive symptoms were reported by normoweight, overweight, and obese children. Depressive symptoms accounted for variance in body mass and central adiposity. Practice Implications In addition to regular screening of BMI and WC, nurses and other health care professionals need to consider psychological factors that contribute to childhood obesity.
Trends in outpatient minimally invasive spine surgery

There has been a definite upward trend in outpatient minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery over the past decade. This increasing prevalence has been driven by several factors including advanced MIS techniques, improvements in perioperative pain management, and economic necessity. There is now a myriad of different spine surgery procedures which can be effectively employed in the outpatient setting, and the concept of awake, endoscopic fusion surgery represents a notable advance in the field. Additionally, the use of multi-modality analgesic agents has shown significant promise in this arena and has become increasingly important in states where legislation affecting narcotic prescriptions have been enacted. Finally, with an aging population, the need for outpatient spine surgery has become imperative from an economic standpoint.
Blogging to disseminate research: sharing results with communities and partners

While blogging has become a popular social tool, less work has focused on how blogging can be used as a tool for researchers to disseminate research findings to the public. In this experience report, we share how we created a research blog to disseminate information about a multi-year research project to develop a social robot that will be used in educational settings. The report begins with our goals in creating a research blog, including the desire to keep community partners and the broader audience for our research project engaged and informed. We describe our approach to developing and maintaining a research blog and related social media accounts and discuss its impact. We reflect on the process of using a blog to share research findings with the public. We conclude by providing a list of best practices for other teams considering using a blog to share emerging results.
Right versus Left Approach to Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: An Anatomic versus Historic Debate

The debate over the influence approach sidedness has on the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has its origins with the introduction of the procedure for radicular pain in the 1950s. The recurrent laryngeal nerves follow disparate courses in the lower neck secondary to differences in embryogenesis. Because of these differences, some authors believe a right-sided approach increases the risk of RLNP. However, modern surgical series have not shown a clear risk of RLNP with a right- versus left-sided approach. By looking at the historical context surrounding the introduction of ACDF, we propose the dogmatic view of an increased risk of RLNP with a right-sided approach likely arose from a combination of theoretical anatomic risk and the early surgical experience of a pioneer of the procedure.
Photoperiod Influences Age at Puberty of Heifers

Two experiments were conducted to determine if exposure of prepubertal heifers to supplemental lighting hastens the onset of puberty. In Exp. 1, 16 heifers were paired according to birth date (April 21 to July 4) and assigned randomly to exposure to either 18 h light/d (L) or natural photoperiods (N) from 22 wk of age until puberty. Twenty-two heifers in Exp. 2, born between February 27 and March 31 and between May 3 and May 17, 1981, were exposed to L or N from 24 wk of age until March 23, 1982. In Exp. 2, animals were bred at all estrous periods until conception. Age at first ovulation and first estrus were less (P less than .01 for Exp. 1 and P less than .10 for Exp. 2) for L than N heifers. Average ages at first estrus were 318 (L) and 367 d (N) for Exp. 1 and 367 (L) and 394 d (N) for Exp. 2. Age at conception in Exp. 2 was similar for L (380 d) and N (396 d) groups. There were no significant differences between L and N heifers in changes in body weight for either experiment. There was a photoperiod X age interaction (P less than .06) for ovarian volume in Exp. 1 because the rate of ovarian growth was greater for L than N heifers. Concentrations of LH were not affected by photoperiod in Exp. 1 and not measured in Exp. 2. There were no significant changes in LH concentrations between 22 and 34 wk of age. When expressed relative to first ovulation, LH levels were highest at 7 and 2 wk before first ovulation. Concentrations of prolactin in Exp. 1 were not significantly affected by photoperiod. It was concluded that supplemental lighting after 22 or 24 wk of age reduced ages at first ovulation and first estrus in heifers born from February to July. These effects of photoperiod were accompanied by changes in ovarian development.
DÉCOR to Measure Fidelity of Implementation for Behavior Interventions

The effectiveness of behavioral interventions can be dependent on the fidelity with which practitioners design and implement those methods. Fidelity refers to the degree to which interventions are ...
Temporal trends of gestational malaria in the United States.

Abstract Background Although regarded as rare in the United States (US), increased global traffic and importation of malaria from endemic countries may lead to a rise in gestational malaria in the US. Methods This multi-year retrospective study analyzed trends in diagnosed cases of gestational malaria from 2002 to 2017 using joinpoint regression models. We also assessed the association between gestational malaria and selected maternal-fetal adverse outcomes. Results Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria tended to be older, and the majority of diagnosed cases (52.9%) were among Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks. Diagnosed cases of gestational malaria are on the rise in the US. Mothers diagnosed with gestational malaria were 5 times as likely (OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 4.05–6.29) to be anemic as compared to those without malaria. Compared to NH-Whites, NH-Black mothers were twice as likely to experience stillbirth, had nearly 50% greater adjusted odds of severe preeclampsia, and had about 30% elevated likelihood for preterm labor. Conclusions There is a need to dedicate appropriate resources to identify women that are at risk for gestational malaria in order to prevent related pregnancy complications.
A Renewed Call for Hybrid Tribunals

International criminal law, in its current state, is broken. A general lack of resources among the International Criminal Court and domestic judiciaries, compounded by legitimacy crises afflicting both judicial mechanisms, is contributing to widespread impunity for atrocity crimes. In order to mitigate this expanding impunity, this paper calls for a return to the hybrid model of prosecution for mass atrocities by establishing courts that blend aspects of international law with that of the state or region where the atrocities were committed. This paper examines the unique ability of the hybrid model to combat impunity both through accountability and by achieving broader transitional and restorative justice goals for post-conflict communities. In support of this renewed call for hybrid courts, this paper employs a geographic case study analyzing the failures and achievements of the two Asian hybrid courts – the Special Panels for Serious Crimes in East Timor and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia – in terms of accountability, legitimacy, and capacity building. Drawing on the experiences of the two Asian hybrid tribunals, this paper calls for a global return to the hybrid model of prosecution for mass atrocities, albeit with modifications that consider the necessary limitations on this adjudicatory model.
Approximate Weighted C R Coded Matrix Multiplication

One of the most common operations in signal processing is matrix multiplication. However, it presents a major computational bottleneck when the matrix dimension is high, as can occur for large data size or feature dimension. Two different approaches to overcoming this bottleneck are: 1) low rank approximation of the matrix product; and 2) distributed computation. We propose a scheme that combines these two approaches. To enable distributed low rank approximation, we generalize the approximate matrix CR-multiplication to accommodate weighted block sampling, and we introduce a weighted coded matrix multiplication method. This results in novel approximate weighted CR coded matrix multiplication schemes, which achieve improved performance for distributed matrix multiplication and are robust to stragglers.
Evaluation of near-singular integrals with application to vortex sheet flow

This paper presents a method to evaluate the near-singular line integrals that solve elliptic boundary value problems in planar and axisymmetric geometries. The integrals are near-singular for target points not on, but near the boundary, and standard quadratures lose accuracy as the distance d to the boundary decreases. The method is based on Taylor series approximations of the integrands that capture the near-singular behaviour and can be integrated in closed form. It amounts to applying the trapezoid rule with meshsize h, and adding a correction for each of the basis functions in the Taylor series. The corrections are computed at a cost of $$O(n_w)$$ per target point, where typically, $$n_w$$ =10–40. Any desired order of accuracy can be achieved using the appropriate number of terms in the Taylor series expansions. Two explicit versions of order $$O(h^2)$$ and $$O(h^3)$$ are listed, with errors that decrease as $$d\rightarrow 0$$ . The method is applied to compute planar potential flow past a plate and past two cylinders, as well as long-time vortex sheet separation in flow past an inclined plate. These flows illustrate the significant difficulties introduced by inaccurate evaluation of the near-singular integrals and their resolution by the proposed method. The corrected results converge at the analytically predicted rates.
Deep void detection with 3D full waveform inversion of surface-based and in-depth source seismic wavefields

Abstract Detection of subsurface voids using nondestructive seismic methods is an ongoing problem in many areas of civil and environmental engineering (e.g., sinkholes and caves), homeland security (e.g., tunnel detection), and mining applications (e.g., abandoned mines). Recent advances in 3D full waveform inversion (FWI) technology have made it possible to scan large volumes of the underlying materials efficiently, providing a glimpse into the state of subsurface conditions. A challenge in applying 3D FWI methods to the detection of voids emerges from their embedment depths. Shallower voids are easier to detect due to their large signature on the surface seismic response, whereas deeper voids have a much smaller signature and are therefore much harder to detect. This is not a limitation of the FWI method, but rather that of the seismic field-testing techniques and data gathering processes. The goal of this study is to investigate ways to overcome these limitations and improve void detection depths. One way to achieve this is through the application of a large surface source, generating more energy at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths), thereby increasing the penetration depth. Another way is by increasing the contribution of body waves and utilizing the diffraction/transmission information embedded in the waveforms. The latter is achieved through the application of a recently developed SPT-seismic method, where the standard penetration test (SPT) device is used to generate wave motion from within the subsurface. Both source methods and a newly developed 3D Gauss-Newton FWI method are utilized here to detect a deep void (25–45 m depth) in limestone, on the southern peninsula of Florida. The results are compared with SPT and Sonar profiles obtained from the test site. Overall, a good image of the deep void is achieved, matching observations from the invasive results. The findings provide useful insight into the application of FWI technology for detecting deep subsurface voids and anomalies that are typically hard to identify.
Costs of opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution in New York City.

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist medication that can be administered by lay people or medical professionals to reverse opioid overdoses and reduce overdose mortality. Cost was identified as a poten...
The Use of Independent Fairness Opinions and the Performance of Acquiring Firms

A fairness opinion (FO) in a merger or an acquisition transaction is a report issued by an investment banker to certify the transaction price. The banker issuing the FO can be independent by provid...
Evaluation of Learning Style for First Year Medical Students

BACKGROUND. Many studies have documented the correlation of learning style and academic success for medical students. However, few have investigated the intersection of academic preparedness and students’ preference for information processing. This study tested the hypothesis that learning style preference differs among medical students grouped by admission status. It also analyzed markers of academic success and their correlation with various learning styles. METHODS. First year students from six entering classes at one medical school regional campus were grouped into regular and alternate admission pools. All students completed two types of learning style questionnaire as a part of self-awareness training. RESULTS. Students from these distinct matriculant pools were found to have significant differences in multimodal, visual and kinesthetic learning styles. Both groups of medical learners were significantly different from the general population in several key learning characteristics, including sensing and judging dimensions measured using a version of the Myers-Brigs Type Indicator.
Low power repeaters driving RC interconnects with delay and bandwidth constraints

A repeater insertion methodology is presented for achieving the minimum power in an RC interconnect while satisfying delay and bandwidth constraints. With delay constraints, closed form solutions for the minimum power are developed which are within 10% of SPICE. With bandwidth constraints, the minimum power can be achieved with minimum sized repeaters.
Improved error estimation in cases of occasional full covariance

Correct track-to-track correlation is a key component of multi-sensor tracking and fusion. Some tracking systems provide full covariance only upon request, making the already difficult problem of multi-sensor track correlation even more difficult. To improve the correctness of correlation results involving track updates from such systems that contain state data without covariance, an estimated covariance can be formed (sometimes from other information contained within the track update). In this paper, an approach is proposed that uses the occasional transmitted full covariance to derive sensor position and compute model parameters. Once determined, the information will be used to create an estimated covariance for subsequent state vector updates that do not have full covariance.
Software as a Service: An Integration Perspective

Software as a Service (SaaS) is gaining momentum in recent years with more and more successful adoptions. Though SaaS is delivered over Internet and charged on per-use basis, it is software application in essence. SaaS contains business data and logics which are usually required to integrate with other applications deployed by a SaaS subscriber. This makes Integration become one of the common requirements in most SaaS adoptions. In this paper, we analyze the key functional and non-functional SaaS integration requirements from an industry practitioner point of view; and summarize the SaaS integration patterns and existing offerings; then point out the gaps from both technology and tooling perspectives; finally we introduce a SaaS integration framework to address those gaps. Considering there is no much academic work on SaaS service modeling, we come up with a SaaS service description framework as an extension of Web Service description, so as to model SaaS unique features in a unified way. With the supported tooling and runtime platform, the framework can facilitate the SaaS integration lifecycle in a model-driven approach.
Rhodopsin Sees the Light

Members of the seven transmembrane receptor superfamily bind a remarkable variety of ligands, from neurotransmitters to odorants, and activate a spectacular array of G protein signaling molecules. These G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important in many cellular functions and so there has been great interest in elucidating how they transmit their signals to the interior of the cell after activation by ligand. As Bourne and Meng explain in their Perspective, the molecular movements of activated GPCRs are becoming clear now that the first crystal structure of a GPCR (rhodopsin, the light-trapping receptor found in the retina of the eye) has been reported (Palczweski et al.).
Technical Professionals’ Identities in the R&D Context: Beyond the Scientist Versus Engineer Dichotomy

Scientists and engineers are essential to Research and Development (R&D) organizations. Although the literature on technical professionals tends to characterize them in terms of dichotomies or even make no distinctions at all, it is known that human capital is more heterogeneous and nuanced. There is a need to revisit the underlying assumptions about technical professionals through deep empirical work to keep management connected to the reality of today's workforce. In this research, we explore different types of professional identities by examining the work motives and behavior of a group of employees in a scientific R&D organization. Using in-depth interviews with 25 scientists and engineers at a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) center, we develop a motive-based model of technical professionals’ work identities. We found an overlapping spectrum of relevant work identities that go beyond the scientist versus engineer dichotomy. Our model suggests three dimensions of motivation (social orientation, temporality of reward, and involvement with technology) that define different technical professional's identity types-–among them, enablers, bridgers, researchers, and intrapreneurs. Depending on their dominant motivations and behaviors, these identities react differently to incentives. This research offers a more current and grounded classification of technical professionals, which has implications for both scholars studying intellectual human capital and managers leading organizations.
A reality check for personalized medicine

Bringing genetic information into health care is welcome but its utility in the clinic needs to be rigorously reviewed, caution Muin J. Khoury, James Evans and Wylie Burke.
Agency, complexity, memory: A scholarship for western places

Abstract Agency, complexity, and memory are core values for the scholarship, especially the historical scholarship, of western places in the 21st Century. The doctrine of agency derives from action theory in philosophy and individualism in sociology. Chaos theory and its companion, complexity, defy determinisms and lead scholars toward narrative explanations capable of dealing with organized complexity. Collective memory situates scholars in a western landscape and society where they are responsible for the stories they tell.
Abstract A38: Whole methylome explorations of paired lung tumor and non-tumor clinical samples

Background: Hypermethylation in specific candidate gene promoters has been found during progressive lung carcinogenesis. To explore common methylation events on a genome-wide scale in lung cancer, we analyzed the methylation profiles of paired NSCLC tumor and far adjacent non-tumor samples using the HELP-microarray assay, which yields information on 1.2 million fragments throughout the genome. Methods: The HELP (HpaII tiny fragment Enriched by Ligation mediated PCR) assay is based on the generation of restriction enzyme libraries generated by methylation sensitive (HpaII) and methylation insensitive (MspI) isoschizomers, in its second generation as a microarray platform. The assay lends itself to low starting amounts of DNA (3 ug) and robust assessment of methylation status by comparing ratios of HpaII- generated-fragments to MspI- generated fragments co-hybridized to a Nimbelgen custom high-density microarrays. The CCGG sites were weighted if neighboring CCGGs were methylated in same direction. Here, 24 pairs of tumor and adjacent non-tumor samples were analyzed using the HELP assay. Summary of results: At p = 5E-6, we identified 26,138 differentially methylated fragments (corresponding to 2 CpG sites each) in tumor versus non-tumor. The overall trend was consistent with genome-wide hypomethylation and locus specific hypermethylation (localized to CG-island containing promoters). We could identify both known and novel regions of the genome as well as specific gene-promoters that are hypermethylated in tumor versus non-tumor. Region # loci # signif loci T Hypomethyl T Hypermethyl Promoter 151,568 576 69% 31% Gene Body 551,628 9,817 62% 38% Intergenic 540,473 15,745 97% 3% Conclusion: An interrogation of methylation status of 1.2 million loci throughout the genome in paired lung tumor/non-tumor specimens reveals many more differential methylation events in gene bodies and intergenic regions than in promoters. That said, many previously unreported differentially-methylated gene promoters were identified. We are able to discover individual methylation events common across different clinical specimens. Based on a set of priors, we have narrowed down promoter-specific hypermethylation events for further validation using tagged Bisulfite Genomic Sequencing. We are also working on the integration of methylome date with other genome-wide epigenetic and expression data from the same clinical samples. [Funding source: NCI 1RC1 CA145422-01; 1K24-CA139054-01]
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected Al+(CO2)n and Al+(CO2)nAr clusters

Weakly bound Al+(CO2)n and Al+(CO2)nAr complexes are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed supersonic expansion. The clusters are mass-selected and studied by laser photodissociation spectroscopy in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The excitation laser is an OPO/OPA system that produces tunable infrared light near the asymmetric stretch of CO2. Al+(CO2)n clusters fragment by the loss of CO2, while Al+(CO2)nAr clusters fragment by the loss of argon. Dissociation is more efficient on resonance, and thus monitoring the fragmentation as a function of wavelength produces the infrared resonance-enhanced photodissociation (IR−REPD) spectrum of the complex of interest. The spectra show a blue-shift of the asymmetric CO2 stretch which decreases as the size of the cluster increases. Al+(CO2)nAr transitions appear at essentially the same frequencies as those for the pure CO2 analogues but with significantly narrower line widths. The observed infrared bands are compared to the predictions of theory...
The role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and neutrophils in acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury.

Abstract Background & Aims: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and neutrophils play important roles in many inflammatory processes, but their importance in both acute pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury has not been defined. Methods: To address this issue, mice that do not express ICAM-1 were used and depleted of neutrophils by administration of antineutrophil serum. Pancreatitis was induced by administering either supramaximal doses of the secretagogue cerulein or feeding a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented diet. The severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by quantitating serum amylase, pancreatic edema, acinar cell necrosis, and pancreas myeloperoxidase activity (i.e., neutrophil content). Lung injury was evaluated by quantitating lung myeloperoxidase activity and pulmonary microvascular permeability. ICAM-1 was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and was localized by light-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Results: It was found that serum, pancreas, and lung ICAM-1 levels increase during pancreatitis. Both pancreatitis and the associated lung injury are blunted, but not completely prevented, in mice deficient in ICAM-1. Neutrophil depletion also reduces the severity of both pancreatitis and lung injury. However, the combination of neutrophil depletion with ICAM-1 deficiency does not reduce the severity of pancreatitis or lung injury to a greater extent than either neutrophil depletion or ICAM-1 deficiency alone. Neither pancreatitis nor pancreatitis-associated lung injury are completely prevented by ICAM-1 deficiency, neutrophil depletion, or combined ICAM-1 deficiency plus neutrophil depletion. Conclusions: The observations indicate that ICAM-1 plays an important, neutrophil-mediated, proinflammatory role in pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung injury. The studies also indicate that ICAM-1 and neutrophil-independent events also contribute to the evolution of pancreatitis and lung injury in these models. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999;116:694-701
Geographic distribution of prostate cancer incidence in the era of PSA testing, Connecticut, 1984 to 1998.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the geographic variation of prostate cancer incidence in Connecticut during a 15-year period: before the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing (1984 to 1988), during its introduction (1989 to 1993), and after its widespread adoption (1994 to 1998). Methods A spatial scan statistic was used to detect and test the significance of the geographic rate variation among 29,944 incident cases. Results During 1984 to 1988, eight locations had incidence rates that differed significantly from the statewide level; for 1989 to 1993, only two locations were identified. By 1994 to 1998, a significant rate variation was noted for 10 locations around Connecticut. Conclusions The observed geographic variation of incidence rates may reflect differing opportunities to uncover latent cases at given locales.
Pre-cystoscopic diagnosis of bladder tumour by modified intravenous urography.

Summary— Intravenous urography is the primary radiographic procedure used to evaluate patients with haematuria. During the last 15 years a modification of intravenous urography, using delayed films of the bladder, has aided the correct pre-cystoscopic diagnosis of bladder tumour in 82 of the 95 patients seen with this condition at our medical centre. After injection of contrast medium, anteroposterior and oblique views of the abdomen are obtained up to 15 min. Our modification consists of taking delayed films of the full bladder 3 h and 1 h later, followed by a post-voiding film. A bladder tumour appears as a filling defect or space-occupying lesion and can be distinguished from other lesions. Such delayed films increase the yield in the radiographic diagnosis of bladder tumours.
The bench scientist’s perspective on the unique considerations in nanoparticle regulation

The emergence and use of nanotechnologies in commercially available products, including nanotherapeutics, have necessitated the response of regulatory agencies to ensure that these products are safely employed. While bench scientists are at the forefront of nanoparticle development and design, many are unaware of the regulatory requirements necessary to transform their laboratory discoveries into marketable products. As bench scientists, we performed a “thought experiment” using multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles synthesized in our lab, which we considered as a combination product, to try to understand the steps necessary for pre-clinical approval from the Food and Drug Administration. This thought experiment illuminated challenges associated with nanoparticle risk assessment and regulation.
Growth of GaSb using trisdimethylaminoantimony

The organometallic vapor phase epitaxial (OMVPE) growth of GaSb using a new Sb source, trisdimethylaminoantimony (TDMASb) is described for a wide temperature range between 450 and 600° C. Good surface morphologies were obtained at low VIII ratios due to the effective pyrolysis of TDMASb. High growth efficiencies were observed at growth temperatures as low as 475° C. As the growth temperature was decreased, the incomplete decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMGa) was found to lower the optimum VIII ratio necessary to produce layers with good surface morphologies. The as-grown, unintentionally doped GaSb layers were p-type with background carrier concentrations of approximately 1017 cm−3. Well resolved 15 K photoluminescence spectra and X-ray diffraction data indicate the GaSb layers to be of high quality for the growth temperature range studied. The results indicate that TDMASb is an excellent precursor for the OMVPE growth of GaSb over a wide range of growth temperatures.
Pramipexole-induced somnolence and episodes of daytime sleep

Pramipexole is a non-ergot dopamine agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Because of concern regarding driving safety, we evaluated the incidence and nature of somnolence experienced by patients receiving pramipexole in clinical trials at our center. A retrospective chart review was performed and structured interviews were conducted with patients who had reported moderate or severe somnolence. In addition, two patients underwent polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) while on and 2 weeks after discontinuation of pramipexole. Forty patients with PD participating in pramipexole clinical trials were identified. In the double-blind phases of the studies, 22 patients were randomized to pramipexole and 18 were randomized to placebo. Six patients assigned to pramipexole reported somnolence as an adverse event (1 moderate, 5 mild) compared with two patients assigned to placebo (1 severe, 1 moderate; p = 0.19, one-tailed Fisher's exact test). Thirty-seven patients participated in open-label extension studies. Twenty-one (57%) reported somnolence as an adverse event. Eleven (30%) patients reported moderate somnolence and three (8%) patients reported severe somnolence. For patients with moderate or severe somnolence, the onset of worst-reported somnolence occurred at a mean (+/- standard error) pramipexole dose of 4.0 +/- 0.4 mg (range, 0.75-4.5 mg) per day. Patients had been taking pramipexole for a total of 10.0 +/- 1.5 months (range, .03-22 mos) and at their maximal dose for 6.7 +/- 1.5 months (range, .03-20 mos). During structured interviews with 12 of the 14 patients reporting moderate or severe somnolence, seven reported falling asleep while driving and two reported minor motor vehicle accidents caused by falling asleep. Most patients reported relatively continuous drowsiness that led to falling asleep without acute warning during periods of inactivity. Three patients reported discreet waves of irresistible sleepiness heralded by prodromal symptoms occurring against a background of normal wakefulness. MSLT in two of these patients revealed decreased latency to sleep without early onset of rapid eye movements. Sleep latency normalized after withdrawal of pramipexole. Intensive patient education is necessary to prevent motor vehicle accidents in patients taking pramipexole. We recommend that patients who are experiencing generalized drowsiness and falling asleep during periods of inactivity be instructed not to drive because these patients do fall asleep without acute warning. Somnolence usually resolves with pramipexole dose reduction or discontinuation. Patients should also be alerted to pull over and stop driving immediately if they feel a wave of sleepiness coming on. Patient education and compliance are critical to maximize safety. Language: en
Examining impelling and disinhibiting factors for intimate partner violence in veterans.

We examined correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a military Veteran sample (N = 129) using Finkel's (2007) framework for understanding the interactions between impelling and disinhibiting risk factors. Correlates investigated included head contact events (HCEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and antisocial features. Results indicated that antisocial features were significantly associated with IPV at the bivariate level. PTSD symptoms also were associated with IPV, but this association was marginally significant. Tests of moderation provided support for the expectation that HCEs would potentiate associations between antisocial features and IPV. HCEs also moderated the association between PTSD symptoms and IPV. However, contrary to expectations, the opposite pattern emerged such that PTSD symptoms were associated with a higher rate of IPV for those without a history of HCEs. Study findings have potentially important implications for furthering our understanding of the complex etiology of IPV in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Skeletal and dental morphology of African papionins: unmasking a cryptic clade.

Abstract One of the more perplexing problems in primate systematics concerns the phyletic relationships of the large African monkeys— Mandrillus (including drills), Papio , Lophocebus and Cercocebus . For over twenty years, there has been molecular evidence that mangabeys are an unnatural group and that the terrestrial forms— Cercocebus —are the sister taxon of Mandrillus , while the arboreal forms— Lophocebus mdash;are more closely allied with Papio . Nevertheless, most systematists have been reluctant to accept this scheme due to the lack of morphological evidence. In this paper, we undertake a detailed analysis of the scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur and dentition of papionin primates. We identify a host of features shared by Cercocebus and Mandrillus to the exclusion of Lophocebus and Papio . The polarity of characters is established by examining an outgroup comprised of several species of Macaca. The features shared by Cercocebus and Mandrillus are functionally related to specific feeding and locomotor behaviors that include aggressive manual foraging, the processing of hard-object foods and the climbing of vertical trunks. We hypothesize that the ability to subsist on hard seeds and nuts gleaned from the forest floor is a key adaptation for the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade.
ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE RESISTANCE IN DOUBLE-BARRIER HETEROSTRUCTURES IN A STRONG LASER FIELD

A tunneling current through a double-barrier heterostructure is considered in a strong laser field. By absorbing or emitting photons an electron can penetrate through the barrier structure. As shown, the current may have both positive and negative signs dependent on the intensity of the field. I-V characteristics have a peak structure with the peaks located by an energy of two photons apart from each other. The negative amplitude of the current demonstrates the effect of an absolute negative resistance. The I-V characteristics are studied at different temperatures because of a hot-electron-distribution Fermi function in the strong field. The expression for the tunneling current is generalized to asymmetric barriers, and to the case when the Fermi energy is larger than the energy of one photon as well.