cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Health in Women With Eating Disorders

Medical complications are often the precipitants that lead women with eating disorders to seek health care. Complications can be wide ranging but frequently include symptoms associated with reproductive health. Unfortunately, because of the denial, embarrassment, shame, and secrecy associated with these psychiatric illnesses, the underlying cause of these complications can often go unacknowledged, delaying assessment and intervention. This article provides an overview of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, identifies the reproductive health issues that may occur in women with these disorders, and discusses the associated clinical implications for nursing practice.
Analysis of binary and ternary granular mixtures behavior using the kinetic theory approach

The kinetic theory was extended to granular mixtures of different mechanical properties (size, density and/or restitution coefficient) where each particle group was considered as a separate phase with different average velocity and granular energy. This model was applied to simple shear flow of binary and ternary mixture of particles. In the parameter range studied, the rheological behavior of a binary mixture showed a good quantitative agreement with the molecular dynamics simulation and predicted qualitatively well the experiment of Savage and Sayed [S. Savage, M. Sayed, J. Fluid Mech., 142 (1984)] and Feitosa and Menon [K. Feitosa, N. Menon, Phys. Rev. Lett., 88 (7) (2002)]. Furthermore, the investigation of a ternary granular mixture showed interesting results: the fluctuations were strongly damped and the granular mixture showed less resistance to the flow when the number of particulate phases with smaller particle size increased in the mixture, while the total particle concentration remained unchanged.
Collision detection in aspect and scale bounded polyhedra

Let S be a family of n polyhedral objects in d dimensions, with aspect ratio bound CY and scale factor bound (T. Let K,(S) denote the number of object-pairs in S with nonempty intersection, and let &(S) denote the number of pairs whose enclosing balls intersect. We investigate the worst-case behavior of the following ratio: p(S) = Kb(s) n + I&(S). We establish almost-tight asymptotic bounds: p(S) = O(ofilog20), and p(S) = fl(a&). The important conclusion is that the ratio is independent of n, and if S has bounded aspect ratio and scale factor, the number of enclosing ball-pair intersections is about the same as the number of object-pair intersections. Our theorem implies the following two results. First, it lends strong theoretical support to a simple and practical heuristic for collision detection (the bounding box method), used in application domains such as computer graphics and robotics, where the objects typically have constant aspect ratio and scale factor. Second, it yields an output-sensitive algorithm for reporting all intersecting pairs in a set of n convex polyhedra with constant Q and cr. Our algorithm runs in time O(n logd-’ n + K, logdml n), for d = 2,3, where I~,, is the number of intersecting object pairs. This is significantly better than the bounds achieved by the previous algorithms, which make no assumptions about the aspect and scale factors.
Hymenolepis diminuta: partial characterization of the membrane-bound and solubilized alkaline phosphohydrolase activities of the isolated brush border plasma membrane.

Abstract The membrane-bound and solubilized (using Triton ×-100 or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) alkaline phosphohydrolase (APase) activities of the isolated brush border membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta require a divalent cation for maximum activity. Highest rates of substrate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) hydrolysis are obtained with low concentrations of Mg2+ (1 mM), although low concentrations of Mn2+, Ca2+, or Zn2+ will also partially satisfy this requirement; higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+, and other divalent cations (Cu2+, Fe2+, and Pb2+), inhibit the membrane-bound APase activity. Solubilization of the membrane-bound enzyme in either Triton or SDS results in an increase in specific activity and Km, but has little effect on thermal stability of the APase activity. Phosphate, pyrophosphate, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate inhibit substrate hydrolysis, and the relative affinities of these inhibitors for the APase enzyme are altered only slightly upon solubilization. Graphic analyses of data from inhibitor studies indicate that all eight inhibitors will inhibit membrane-bound and solubilized APase activities 100% at high inhibitonsubstrate ratios. Molybdate, F−, 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit membrane-bound APase activity. Inhibitor data indicate that if more than one enzyme is responsible for the APase activity of the brush border membrane of H. diminuta, the enzymes cannot be differentiated on the basis of substrate specificity.
Wavelength dependence of the indices of refraction of molecular beam epitaxy-grown ZnMgSe and ZnCdSe thin films measured by two complementary techniques

We have measured the wavelength dependence of the indices of refraction n of epitaxial Zn1−xMgxSe and Zn1−xCdxSe films for a series of alloy compositions x, at wavelengths below the energy gaps of these semiconductor alloys. The measurements were performed using a combination of the prism coupler method and reflectivity. The prism coupler technique was capable of measuring n with an accuracy of at least 0.1% at four discrete wavelengths, and simultaneously to determine the thickness of the layers with an uncertainty of less than 0.5%. Using these discrete, highly precise values of n, the Fabry–Perot oscillations of the reflectivity spectra were then analyzed to obtain the continuous variation of the indices of refraction as a function of wavelength in the transparency region of the alloys.
Cryptococcal pyarthrosis and sarcoidosis

Cryptococcus neoformans is an infrequent cause of septic arthritis. Cryptococcal infections have been linked to sarcoidosis because of both inherent immunologic consequences of the disease and its typical immune modulating treatments. Cryptococcal infections should be suspected in patients with underlying immune deficiencies, and a high degree of vigilance should be exercised to avoid misdiagnosis, dissemination of infection, and meningitis.
Time-wavelength spectroscopy for chemical sensing

Time-wavelength spectroscopy, using a linearly chirped broad-band pulse, eliminates the need for an optical spectrometer and enables real-time analysis. Utilizing digital filtering and matched detection, we demonstrate identification of gas signatures that are entirely masked by highly nonuniform source spectra.
Tropospheric Ozone: Distribution and Sources

One of the most active research areas of tropospheric chemistry is the study of the processes responsible for the formation and destruction of ozone. This interest is derived from the three-fold importance of ozone in the troposphere.
An Overview of Alopecias

Hair loss is a topic of enormous public interest and understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of various alopecias will likely make a large impact on patients’ lives. The investigation of alopecias also provides important insight in the basic sciences; for instance, the abundance of stem cell populations and regenerative cycles that characterize a hair follicle render it an excellent model for the studyof stem cell biology. This review seeks to provide a concise summary of the major alopecias with regard to presentation and management, and correlate these to recent advances in relevant research on pathogenesis.
Renal protective capacity of the angiotensin receptor antagonists

Prevention of cardiovascular complications of hypertension has become a hallmark of the therapeutic approach to disease management. Among the many facets of the problem, the association between noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal function has emerged as a major risk factor for the development of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or renal transplantation. This paper reviews the promisory outcomes of long-term clinical trials that demonstrate a renoprotective effect of angiotensin II antagonists on the progression to end-stage renal disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The lessons learned from the publication of these trials provide a positive new approach to risk reduction and prevention of loss of renal function in this population.
A performance model for fine-grain accesses in UPC

UPC's implicit communication and fine-grain programming style make application performance modeling a challenging task. The correspondence between remote references and communication events depends on the internals of the compiler and runtime system. This correspondence is often hidden from application developers. Aggressive optimizations allowed by the relaxed memory consistency model further blur this correspondence by transforming code structure. A modeling approach based on UPC platform benchmarking and code analysis is proposed. This approach abstracts a UPC platform according to its potential to apply a few common optimizations, then divides remote references in the application code into groups, based on a dependence analysis, that are amenable to each optimization. Each group is associated with a cost, obtained via benchmarking each potential optimization. The aggregated cost of these groups is the predicted cost of the application. Three simple UPC applications modeled using this approach usually yielded performance predictions within 15 percent of actual running times.
LIPID CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE BONE MARROW

Bones from six different anatomical locations of two young, two intermediate and two old bovine were used to characterize bone marrow lipids as a function of animal age and bone location with the view of utilizing these lipids for human consumption. Nonpolar lipids from bone marrow increased with increasing animal age. Oleate was the predominant fatty acid in both nonpolar and polar lipid fractions. There was a decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids in nonpolar and polar lipids from young to old bovine. As chronological age advanced the percent of triglycerides in bone increased while the percent of cholesterol esters, cholesterol, free fatty acids and diglycerides decreased. Some changes in lipids as a function of anatomical location were evident.
A Comparative Study of the Non-acidic Chemically Mediated Antifoulant Properties of Three Sympatric Species of Ascidians Associated with Seagrass Habitats

The present study investigated aspects of the antifoulant properties of three sympatric species of ascidians found in seagrass habitats of the Gulf of Mexico, Southern Atlantic Ocean, and Caribbean. Field observations in Saint Joseph Bay, Florida indicate that all three species are common and that the tunic of the solitary ascidian Molgula occidentalis is often heavily fouled, while the outer surfaces of both the colonial ascidians Amaroucium stellatum and Botryllus planus are free of fouling organisms. Antifoulant activities of a suite of increasing hydrophilic organic extracts prepared from the tunic of M. occidentalis and whole colonies of A. stellatum and B. planus were measured using both sympatric microbial (bacteria) and macroinvertebrate (cyprid larvae of Balanus amphitrite) fouling organisms in laboratory bioassays. In addition, field antifoulant assays were conducted by combining organic extracts with controlled-release resin and subsequently coating this material on to acrylic rods deployed in the field for a 72 h period. Extracts of the tunic of M. occidentalis generally did not inhibit bacterial growth. The exception was the methanol extract, which inhibited growth in one of the six marine bacteria tested. Moreover, only the highest concentrations of hexane and methanol tunic extracts tested prevented attachment of cyprid larvae. Field assays revealed no antifoulant activity on rods coated with resin containing extracts of M. occidentalis. Inhibition of both microbial growth and cyprid settlement were much more pronounced in whole-organism extracts of the two colonial ascidians. Most potent were the aqueous methanol extracts of colonies of B. planus and A. stellatum which inhibited growth in five of the six marine bacteria tested. In addition, hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of the colonial ascidians significantly inhibited attachment of cyprid larvae, in many instances across a wide range of extract concentrations. Field antifoulant assays indicated that extracts of both colonial ascidians inhibited settlement of bryozoans and barnacles. The findings indicate that the colonial ascidians B. planus and A. stellatum possess chemical antifoulant properties. In contrast, the solitary ascidian M. occidentalis appears to either tolerate fouling or possess other non-chemical mechanisms to cope with the risks associated with epibiont overgrowth.
Contending Rationality, Leadership, and Collective Struggle The 2006 Justice for Janitors Campaign at the University of Miami

Building strength within a diverse constellation of social actors, including workers, clergy, faculty, students, and other activists, the Service Employees International Union's spring 2006 Justice...
Validating agent based social systems models

Validating social systems is not a trivial task. The paper outlines some of our past efforts in validating models of social systems with cognitively detailed agents. It also presents some of the challenges faced by us. A social system built primarily of cognitively detailed agents can provide multiple levels of correspondence, both at observable and abstract aggregated levels. Such a system can also pose several challenges including large feature spaces, issues in information elicitation with database, experts and news feeds, counterfactuals, fragmented theoretical base, and limited funding for validation. Our own approach to validity assessment is to consider the entire life cycle and assess the validity under four broad dimensions of methodological validity, internal validity, external validity and qualitative, causal and narrative validity. In the past, we have employed a triangulation of multiple validation techniques, including face validation as well as formal validation tests including correspondence testing.
High sensitivity detectors for measurement of space potential fluctuations

A detection technique yielding an order of magnitude increase in the sensitivity of a Proca-Green type energy analyzer to beam energy fluctuations has been demonstrated. A sensitivity of >
Model-based traceability

Many organizations invest considerable cost and effort in building traceability matrices in order to comply with regulatory requirements or process improvement initiatives. Unfortunately, these matrices are frequently left un-used and project stakeholders continue to perform critical software engineering activities such as change impact analysis or requirements satisfaction assessment without benefit of the established traces. A major reason for this is the lack of a process framework and associated tools to support the use of these trace matrices in a strategic way. In this position paper, we present a model-based approach designed to help organizations gain full benefit from the traces they develop and to allow project stakeholders to plan, generate, and execute trace strategies in a graphical modeling environment. The approach includes a standard notation for capturing strategic traceability decisions in the form of a graph, and also notation for modeling reusable trace queries using augmented sequence diagrams. All of the model elements, including project specific data, are represented using XML. The approach is demonstrated through examples from a traffic simulator project composed of requirements, UML class diagrams, code, test cases, and test case results.
A/D processing system for 64-element pixel detector

A new, 8/spl times/8-element pixel detector array for time resolved protein crystallography has been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Each element has its own on-chip charge sensitive preamplifier and shaper with a peaking time of 100 ns. A total of 64 parallel analog to digital processing channels are required to support the detector. We describe a low-cost, low-power AD processing system, comprising a fast peak-sensing amplifier/stretcher, followed by a slower 12-bit ADC. Each channel also includes a histogramming memory for a fully stand-alone operation of the system. Circuit performance and test data are also presented.
The spiritual aspect of patient care in the curricula of colleges of pharmacy

Objectives. The objective of this project was to determine the extent to which the spiritual aspect of patient care is addressed in pharmacy curricula. Methods. Curriculum committee chairs and student leaders at all schools of pharmacy in the United States and Canada (n=94) were surveyed via mailed questionnaire. Results. Usable responses were received from 71.3% of the curriculum committee chairs and 57.4% of student leaders. Although only 21.4% of respondents indicated that their curriculum includes instruction on the spiritual aspect of patient care, 62.9% of chairs feel that this is appropriate content and 90.7% of student leaders believe that spirituality can impact health. Conclusions. In training the next generation of patient-centered pharmacy practitioners, consideration of all aspects of human behavior, including spirituality, is important.
Occupational Divisions of Labor and Their Technology Politics: The Case of Surgical Scopes and Gastrointestinal Medicine

Through a case analysis of how medicine's intra-occupational division of labor responded to the development of gastrointestinal endoscopy, this article sheds light on how occupational divisions of labor respond to technological innovation. The article proposes that innovations are introduced into such structures in ways consistent with the cultural scripts that regulate relations and workflows between occupations' functional segments. However, these scripts may not be able to regulate effectively subsequent developments, and structural divisions may produce intra-occupational conflict and struggle over market turf. A "Trojan horse" metaphor is used to illustrate this process. The analysis developed here poses questions about the current tendency to extol the virtues of occupational divisions of labor, for such structures may lack effective mechanisms for regulating the unintended outcomes of technological change.
The Immunogenicity of the Tumor‐Associated Antigen Lewisy May Be Suppressed by a Bifunctional Cross‐Linker Required for Coupling to a Carrier Protein

A Lewis(y) (Le(y)) tetrasaccharide modified by an artificial aminopropyl spacer was synthesized by a highly convergent approach that employed a levulinoyl ester and a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonate for temporary protection of the hydroxy groups and a trichloroethyloxycarbonyl as an amino protecting group. The artificial aminopropyl moiety was modified by a thioacetyl group, which allowed efficient conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) modified by electrophilic 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (MI). Mice were immunized with the KLH-MI-Le(y) antigen. A detailed analysis of sera by ELISA established that a strong immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response was elicited against the linker region. The use of a smaller and more flexible 3-(bromoacetamido)propionate for the attachment of Le(y) to KLH not only reduced the IgG antibody response against the linker but also led to a significantly improved immune response against the Le(y) antigen. This study shows that highly antigenic linkers suppress antibody responses to weak antigens such as self-antigens.
Causal Inference in Public Health

Causal inference has a central role in public health; the determination that an association is causal indicates the possibility for intervention. We review and comment on the long-used guidelines for interpreting evidence as supporting a causal association and contrast them with the potential outcomes framework that encourages thinking in terms of causes that are interventions. We argue that in public health this framework is more suitable, providing an estimate of an action's consequences rather than the less precise notion of a risk factor's causal effect. A variety of modern statistical methods adopt this approach. When an intervention cannot be specified, causal relations can still exist, but how to intervene to change the outcome will be unclear. In application, the often-complex structure of causal processes needs to be acknowledged and appropriate data collected to study them. These newer approaches need to be brought to bear on the increasingly complex public health challenges of our globalized world.
Freezing as a Method of Preserving Blood Ammonia

The influence of temperature on in-vitro generation of ammonia in whole blood was evaluated. It was found that when blood was placed in a freezer at -20 to -25° there was no significant rise of blood ammonia levels even after 8 days of storage. There was a gradual rise when blood was placed in a refrigerator with the temperature at about 4° and a more rapid rise at room temperature. The inhibition of ammonia production at a temperature below -20° facilitates the laboratory procedure when it is necessarily delayed.
Stability of Farm Income in a Stabilizing Economy

T. W. Schultz and D. G. Johnson in the early post World War II period identified the unstable general economy as the major source of the instability of farm income and stressed the importance of the stabilization of the nonfarm economy. Results of an extensive empirical investigation of the relationships among the variances of farm income, national income, and farm output for the period 1913 to 1962 is reported in this paper. The role of the automatic stabilizers in stabilizing disposable income relative to national income is examined for the same period. The research reported in this article associates most of the instability of farm income over the past 50 years with instability of nonfarm income. This source has been essentially eliminated by structural changes in the general economy in line with recommendations by Schultz and Johnson. The increased stability of the general economy seems more than sufficient to explain the recent stability of farm income.
T-bet Regulates Natural Regulatory T Cell Afferent Lymphatic Migration and Suppressive Function

T-bet is essential for natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) to regulate Th1 inflammation, but whether T-bet controls other Treg functions after entering the inflammatory site is unknown. In an islet allograft model, T-bet(-/-) nTreg, but not induced Treg, failed to prolong graft survival as effectively as wild-type Treg. T-bet(-/-) nTreg had no functional deficiency in vitro but failed to home from the graft to draining lymph nodes (dLN) as efficiently as wild type. T-bet regulated expression of adhesion- and migration-related molecules, influencing nTreg distribution in tissues, so that T-bet(-/-) nTreg remained in the grafts rather than migrating to lymphatics and dLN. In contrast, both wild-type and T-bet(-/-) CD4(+) conventional T cells and induced Treg migrated normally toward afferent lymphatics. T-bet(-/-) nTreg displayed instability in the graft, failing to suppress Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells and prevent their infiltration into the graft and dLN. Thus, T-bet regulates nTreg migration into afferent lymphatics and dLN and consequently their suppressive stability in vivo.
Lifetime-resolved photoacoustic (LPA) spectroscopy for monitoring oxygen change and photodynamic therapy (PDT)

The Methylene Blue loaded Polyacrylamide Nanoparticles (MB-PAA NPs) are used for oxygen sensing and Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a promising therapeutic modality employed for various tumors, with distinct advantages of delivery of biomedical agents and protection from other bio-molecules overcoming inherent limitations of molecular dyes. Lifetime-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy using quenched-phosphorescence method is applied with MB-PAA NPs so as to sense oxygen, while the same light source is used for PDT. The dye is excited by absorbing 650 nm wavelength light from a pump laser to reach triplet state. The probe laser at 810 nm wavelength is used to excite the first triplet state at certain delayed time to measure the dye lifetime which indicates oxygen concentration. The 9L cells (106 cells/ml) incubated with MB-PAA NP solution are used for monitoring oxygen level change during PDT in situ test. The oxygen level and PDT efficacy are confirmed with a commercial oximeter, and fluorescence microscope imaging and flow cytometry results. This technique with the MB-PAA NPs allowed us to demonstrate a potential non-invasive theragnostic operation, by monitoring oxygen depletion during PDT in situ, without the addition of secondary probes. Here, we demonstrate this theragnostic operation, in vitro, performing PDT while monitoring oxygen depletion. We also show the correlation between O2 depletion and cell death.
The mutual exclusivity bias in children's word learning: By W. E. Merriman and L. L. Bowman. In Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 54, Serial No. 220, 1989☆

Abstract Merriman and Bowman (1989) explore one proposed constraint on word learning, mutual exclusivity, the assumption that each object has only one label. Chief among their contributions is treatment of mutual exclusivity as a default assumption—a probabilistic bias which can be overridden. We elaborate this view to address misconceptions of the notions of biological constraints that pervade recent discussions of constraints on word learning. Misconstruing constraints as rigid, absolute responses instead of probabilistic biases has led researchers to interpret any violation as invalidating a given constraint. More confusion surrounds questions about the origins of the constraints. We dispute the idea that the age of appearance of lexical constraints reveals whether the constraints are innate, and argue that current discussions of the innateness of constraints are over-simplified. In this case, we also question the appropriateness of Merriman and Bowman's methodology for use with 2-year-olds and challenge their conclusion that mutual exclusivity is absent in children under 2 1 2 . Merriman and Bowman's thoughtful conceptual analysis establishes several distinct ways in which mutual exclusivity can be manifested. Thus, putative counterexamples occur when an investigator tests for only one consequence of mutual exclusivity and ignores its other possible implications. Merriman and Bowman's studies with children from 2 1 2 on document that each of these alternative ways of preserving mutual exclusivity guides word learning.
Life cycle studies of two North American grass rusts.

(1971). Life Cycle Studies of Two North American Grass Rusts. Mycologia: Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 889-890.
The Wickliffe Mounds project : Implications for late Mississippi period chronology, settlement, and mortuary patterns in western Kentucky

The Wickliffe Mounds site is a Mississippian town and mound centre dated to c. AD 1100–1350. Excavations at Wickliffe Mounds from 1984–1996 have re-evaluated a 1932–1939 semi-professional project and have provided additional data over much of the remaining area of the site. The site was established c. AD 1100 as a small village clustered tightly around a central plaza. From AD 1175 to c. 1350 the Wickliffe people built two platform mounds next to the plaza plus several smaller mounds around the site, and expanded the village area to the edges of the bluff. The village was abandoned c. AD 1350, but a cemetery appears to be intrusive, indicating the presence of a population in the area with ties to the site. A scenario of a single chiefly cycle, followed by dispersal of the population with continued use of the site as an ‘empty’ ceremonial centre, best fits current data.
Ultrastructural abnormalities in Whipple's disease.

SummaryA fasting jejunal biopsy specimen, obtained from a patient with Whipple's disease, was studied by light and electron microscopic technics. Periodic acid-Schiff positive inclusions in the macrophages were found to have a complex ultrastructure consisting of a series of membranes, vesicles and granules. Dense bodies of unknown nature were observed in close approximation to the macrophage cell border, and within its substance. The virus-like character of these particles has been discussed.
Help in crisis.

WE know that the veterinary profession has a high rate of suicide (Platt and others 2010). There is strong evidence that having a sign with …
Comparison of the diagnostic value of CT and B ultrasonography for intracranial hemorrhage of newborn

Objective To compare and analyze the diagnostic value of CT and B ultrasonography for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in newborn.Methods Three hundred and eighty-five newborn suspected as ICH in clinical diagnosis.Results Three hundred and twenty-one ICH newborn were detected with CT,183 ICH newborn were detected with B ultrasonography. The rate of definitive diagnosis in CT(83.4%) was obviously higher than that of B ultrasonography (47.6%)(P0.05). However, 101 ICH neonates with choroid plexus hemorrhage were not diagnosed by CT until B ultrasonography test.Conclusion The definitive diagnosis rate of ICH newborn with CT is obviously higher than that with B ultrasonography. Nevertheless, CT is not so sensitive to choroid plexus hemorrhage as B ultrasonography.
The post: pre dialysis plasma urea nitrogen ratio to estimate K.t/V and NPCR: validation.

The ability of empirical formulae to predict K.t/V based on the ratio (R) of the postdialysis (Ct) to predialysis (Co) plasma urea nitrogen levels was tested. In 256 patients, 336 three-point modeling sessions were performed. The K.t/V and NPCR were derived by interative solution of equations for V and G according to the variable volume single-pool model. The modeled K.t/V values were compared to K.t/V predicted from the formula: K.t/V = -ln (R - 0.008.t-UF/W), where R is the Ct/Co ratio, t the session length (h), UF the ultrafiltrate volume (liters) and W the postdialysis weight (kg). Further, the ratio-derived K.t/V was used in conjunction with the Gotch nomogram for 3/week dialysis to estimate NPCR (NPCR-R/N); the latter value was compared to the NPCR from standard 3-point modeling (NPCR-MOD). The two K.t/V values were quite similar, although statistically separable: modeled K.t/V, 0.97 +/- 0.22 (SD), ratio-derived K.t/V 0.96 +/- 0.23, p less than 0.001. The mean percent error was -0.73% +/- 2.5 (range - 11 to + 4.8), and the correlation coefficient was 0.994, slope 1.01, int -0.016. Modifications of the prediction formula which incorporated UF/V instead of UF/W, and/or which weighted the UF/V term according to the expected K.t/V, produced only slight improvement in accuracy. The two values of NPCR were less similar, but still highly correlated: NPCR-MOD, 1.04 +/- 0.26 g/kg/day, NPCR-R/N, 0.94 +/- 0.23, p less than 0.001; mean percent error, - 8.2 +/- 16; r = 0.78, slope = 0.68, int = 0.23.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formal Analysis of Critical Infrastructures by Structural Identification Using Constraint Programming Paradigm

Structural identification of civil infrastructures, using measured modal properties, remains a promising research field with many applications in performance-based civil engineering and structural health monitoring. In particular, either computationally swift or direct methods for identifying structural models from partially described and incomplete modal parameter estimates are of foremost interest to facilitate near real-time and reliable structural performance assessment and diagnostics. This paper proposes modeling structural systems as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) for structural identification to solve for uncertain parameters in structural models. Consistent with measurement data, modal parameter estimates are treated as truncated both in terms of the number of modes measured and the number of measured degrees of freedom relative to the analytical model, which yields a challenging nonlinear inverse eigenvalue problem. Using nonlinear constraints and parameter bounds, the Constraint Programming approach is demonstrated to be capable of properly reconstructing estimates of both uncertain structural parameters and unmeasured modal parameters for a truss model with only a limited number of measured degrees of freedom.
Developing a Human Activity Model for Insider IS Security Breaches Using Action Design Research

Insider security breaches in organizations have been identified as a pressing problem for academics and practitioners. The literature generally addresses this problem by focusing on the compliance of human behavior to stated policy or the conformance with organizational culture. The cultural stance and resultant activities of organizational insiders are key determinants of information security. However, whilst compliance with security policies and regulations is of great importance, the very structure of human activities that facilitates or hinders such compliance have seldom appeared in the literature. In this paper we present a human activity model that captures different aspects of a security culture. The model elucidates the patterns of behavior in organizations. Applying the model before and after an insider security breach allows us to make salient, critical areas that need attention.
Therapeutic Enzymes and Biomimetic Substrates: A Case Study of Recombinant Human Arylsulfatase B (Naglazyme®) Substrate Selection and Application

Many therapeutic enzyme products have been approved on a worldwide basis to treat a variety of serious medical needs. The production and control of these products requires a variety of methods to assess the properties of the product. This article focuses primarily on the potency assay considerations that need to be evaluated and addressed to assess consistency of product for release and stability. In addition, consideration is also given to characterization testing that is useful for the demonstration of comparability when process modifications are introduced. The discussion is focused on the selection of substrates and evaluations using Michaelis–Menten kinetics to assess consistency and comparability. The substrate selection criteria include considerations for selecting the most biomimetic substrates as they relate to the preparation, availability, characterization, assay format, regulatory expectations, and ongoing supply of the substrate. Case studies are presented which highlight the approaches successfully implemented to meet the challenges and regulatory expectations associated with the development of therapeutic enzyme products.
Budget Time: A Gender-Based Negotiation Simulation

This article presents a gender-based negotiation simulation designed to make participants aware of gender-based stereotypes and their effect on negotiation outcomes. In this simulation, the current...
Mesoporous manganese oxides for NO 2 assisted catalytic soot oxidation

Abstract Air pollution issues due to soot/diesel particulate matter (DPM) emitted from incomplete burning of diesel fuel have become a global issue in this century. A series of manganese oxides, namely amorphous manganese oxide (Meso-Mn-A), Mn2O3 (Meso-Mn2O3), MnO2 (epsilon phase) (Meso-e-MnO2) and octahedral molecular sieves MnO2 (Meso-OMS-2) was synthesized via a soft template method. The potential of mesoporous manganese oxides in acceleration of NO2 assisted catalytic oxidation of diesel soot (Printex-U) under lean conditions was investigated. The physiochemical properties of synthesized materials were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2-sorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and H2-temperature programmed reduction. A series of temperature programmed oxidation experiments was carried out to investigate the effect of feed gas composition on activity of the catalyst, and TGA-MS experiments were done to calculate the kinetic energy for each system. Mesoporous manganese oxides were found to be effective for complete oxidation of diesel soot under exhaust gas temperatures, and activities of all the manganese oxides were increased in the presence of NO2 in the feed gas. Meso-e-MnO2 possesses the highest performance, exhibiting the lowest Ti and Tm (230 °C and 305 °C), the narrowest temperature range (75 °C), and the lowest Ea (298 kJ mol−1). The ability to oxidize soot in the presence of NO2 makes these materials economical and ecofriendly catalysts for use in continuous regeneration traps.
Mallet Fractures of the Thumb Compared With Mallet Fractures of the Fingers.

Background The purpose of this study was to look for differences in mechanism, radiographic findings, and treatment between mallet fractures of the thumb and mallet fractures of the index through small fingers. Methods This retrospective study included 24 mallet fractures of the thumb and 392 mallet fractures of other digits. We compared demographics, injury factors (side, dominant hand, time between injury and first visit, and injury mechanism), subluxation, fragment size, treatment, and time from injury to final evaluation between the 2 groups. Results Mallet fractures of the thumb presented for treatment sooner after injury (2.9 vs 13 days on average), had less fragment displacement (27% vs 33%), and less articular involvement (39% vs 46% on average). None of the mallet fractures of the thumb had radiographic evidence of subluxation, whereas 25% of mallet fractures of other fingers had initial or later subluxation. Conclusions Mallet fractures of the thumb are not likely to subluxate.
Thermal nonlinearity based optical pulse generation in microrings

The next generation of optical communication will depend heavily on all optical signal processing. Because digital clock pulses are needed for driving functional gates and synchronizing optical analog to digital (A/D) converters and other optical components, great effort has been placed on generating optical pulses. Approaches include non-linear polarization rotation, photonic crystal based methods, and cross gain modulation of semiconductor optical amplifiers. Although these methods share the advantage of high optical bandwidth, they each suffer from complicated fabrication and poor scalability. In this work, we propose using optical self-heating in silicon nitride microring resonators and thermal nonlinearity for creating all optical signal pulses. They key factor in our design is the passive framework we have chosen which result in scalability of our design. The resonances in the reflection spectrum of a plain microring are caused by coherent optical backscattering from the natural sidewall roughness created during dry etching. Light absorbed through the ring resonator will be converted to heat resulting in a temperature rise inside the ring. This temperature increase will alter the material refractive index which in turn will result in a red shifting of the resonance wavelength. Shifting the resonance wavelength changes the optical energy stored in the resonator as well as the absorption of the ring. Hence, the thermal and optical dynamics of the ring are coupled through the self-heating and thermo-optic effect [1]. Considering these dynamics, if we tune to a wavelength that is slightly on the blue side of the resonance and we increase the input signal power, the resonance wavelength will move away from our set wavelength and consequently the reflected power will decrease. Conversely, reducing the input power creates an increase in reflected power. Thus, by altering the input power, it is possible to switch between two states of the ring resonator and more importantly to realize an inverter function. By feeding back the reflection signal to the input of the ring resonator (Fig. 1(a)), we were able to generate all optical pulses (Fig. 1(b)) with a controllable frequency.
Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Organic Foods in the United States.

ABSTRACT Consumer demand for organically produced foods is increasing in the United States as well as globally. Consumer perception often credits organic foods as being safer than conventionally produced foods, although organic standards do not directly address safety issues such as microbial or chemical hazards. We reviewed outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System where the implicated food was reported to be organic. Information collected for each outbreak included the year, state, number of illnesses, pathogen, and implicated food. We identified 18 outbreaks caused by organic foods from 1992 to 2014, resulting in 779 illnesses, 258 hospitalizations, and 3 deaths; 56% of outbreaks occurred from 2010 to 2014. Nine outbreaks occurred in a single state, and nine outbreaks were multistate. Salmonella sp. (44% of outbreaks) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (33%) were the most commonly occurring pathogens. Eight of the outbreaks were attr...
Rehearsal Skirts: Undergraduate Research and 'Hamletmachine'’s Chorus of Dead Ophelias

This essay considers the 2016 University of North Carolina at Charlotte production of Heiner Muller’s Hamletmachine as a set of rehearsal and production practices that followed a feminist pedagogical framework with the potential to, as Ann Elizabeth Armstrong suggests, “transform both the artists who make the representations and the community members who witness them” by considering “what we do with our bodies on the stage.” Among other choices that decentralized authority, Hamletmachine cast a large Chorus of Dead Ophelias with students of different academic majors, theatre experience, and gender expressions. The result was a working environment that strengthened a primary aim of the production, to expose and denaturalize various structures of power that have material effects on our lives as theatre artists.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci aureus: Mechanisms of Resistance and Clinical Significance

Staphylococcus aureus has remained one of the most important human pathogens since the time it was discovered. The unique characteristics of the pathogen, virulence, resistance mechanisms, adaptability, and volatile nature have all been areas of interest for both basic and clinical scientists all over the world. Interestingly, despite being discovered more than two centuries ago and studied ever since, this bacterium remains a mysterious and challenging pathogen that is responsible for both substantial morbidity and major mortality. In this chapter we aim to discuss the basic epidemiology, clinical significance, resistance mechanisms, and treatment options for this pathogen and as well as the newer frontiers in infection control and prevention that are now developing.
Requirements of the CD Loop in the D2 Protein of Photosystem II as Probed by Combinatorial Mutagenesis in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The donor side of the photosystem II (PS II) complex includes two redox-active Tyr residues, YZ and YD. YZ is Tyr161 of the D1 protein [1], and YZ is Tyr160 of D2 [2,3]. YZ oxidation by P680+ is rapid, and YD oxidation is very slow. The two Tyr residues are symmetrically arranged in the PS II complex, in helix C of D1 or D2. It is as yet unclear what causes the vast difference in kinetics of the two redox-acitve Tyr residues; it is possible that this is caused by a difference in hydrophobicity of the site, mobility of the Tyr residues, or asymmetric orientation of P680. In contrast to the situation in purple bacteria, the identification of chlorophyll(s) that make up P680 is equivocal [4,5]. An additional complication is that it is unclear what is the nature of the ligands to the PS II equivalents of the “accessory bacteriochlorophylls” that are between the special pair and bacteriopheophytin in purple bacteria. His residues in the CD loop of the L and M subunit of purple bacteria that serve as ligands to the accessory pigments are not conserved in D1 and D2.
Physiological FDG Uptake in Tonsils

The tonsils are known to demonstrate avid FDG uptake, especially in pediatric and adolescent patients, with mean SUV ranging from 3 to 5. Indeterminate foci of increased uptake may become more worrisome if associated with mass-like appearance or focal asymmetry on PET/MR imaging.
Being a Mother in Medicine in Practice

Doctoring and mothering are both jobs that demand great attention, energy, and sacrifice. While they are roles that can complement each other, more often than not, they collide. What things can we doctor-moms do to contain the chaos? This chapter is a flexible guide for managing the overlap and logistics of two of the toughest jobs a woman can choose to do (at the same time).
Differential outcomes of TLR2 engagement in inflammation‐induced preterm birth

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. Infection and inflammation are considered main causes of PTB. Among multiple pathogens, Gram-positive bacteria are commonly linked with induction of PTB. Although activation of innate immune responses, via TLR2 engagement, by Gram-positive bacteria is a likely cause, whether induction of PTB depends on the potency of specific microbial components to induce Toll-like receptor (TLR)2-driven inflammation has not been elucidated. Here, we show that TLR2 activation by synthetic lipopeptides, Pam2Cys, and Pam3Cys specifically, variably influenced inflammation and subsequent induction of PTB. Pam2Cys challenge, compared to Pam3Cys, induced PTB and promoted significantly higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-6 and IFN-β, both in vivo and in vitro. Notably, antibody-mediated neutralization of IL-6 or genetic deletion of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) was sufficient to protect from Pam2Cys-driven PTB and to temper excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Conversely, IFN-β or IL-6 was not sufficient to promote induction of PTB by Pam3Cys. In summary, our data implies a divergent function of TLR2-activating lipopeptides in the magnitude and type of ligand-driven inflammatory vigor in induction of PTB.
Active temperature compensation of thermal accelerometer for improved stability

Thermal accelerometers exhibit large changes in sensitivity with ambient temperature. Here we present an active compensation scheme that mitigates the effect of environmental temperature fluctuations on device performance. Ambient conditions are continuously monitored using the common mode resistance of a pair of symmetric thermistors. The heating power is adjusted using these readings to compensate for temperature fluctuations. This approach is based on signals that are already measured for detecting acceleration; thus it requires no additional power or design complexity. Implementing this approach with our high-stability ALD Platinum thermal accelerometer, we effectively eliminate the temperature dependence of the sensitivity. Across the measured range of 10oC to 60oC for a desired sensitivity of 0.08oC/g, the standard deviation of the sensitivity fluctuations is less than 1%.
Perceptions of Writing Anxiety and Self-Efficacy Among Spanish Heritage Language Learners:

Many Hispanics living in the United States have limited Spanish language abilities particularly in relation to literacy skills. This study investigated 25 Hispanic heritage language learners’ (HLLs...