cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA sequence analysis of hprt mutations in lymphocytes from Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with the potent mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) results in the formation of DNA adducts with dG and dA and in the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocyte mutants. In this study, we have examined the types of mutations induced in TGr lymphocytes from DMBA-treated rats. DNA from 263 TGr lymphocyte clones was screened for mutations in exons 2, 3, and 8 of the hprt gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons followed by heteroduplex analysis using denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of the clones produced heteroduplexes in exon 2, 35 produced heteroduplexes in exon 3, and 36 produced heteroduplexes in exon 8. Direct sequence analysis of the heteroduplexes revealed 96 mutations, and at least 74 of these mutations were produced independently. Eighty-five of the total mutations were simple base pair (bp) substitutions, with A --> T and G --> T transversions being the predominant types. Seven mutations were deletions, three were complex bp substitutions, and one was an insertion. The results suggest that the types of mutations produced by DMBA in rat lymphocytes are specific to the DNA adducts produced by this compound.
Modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy for chronic maxillary sinusitis.

BackgroundRecently, modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy (MEMM) has been described as an alternative technique to open maxillectomy for benign sinonasal neoplasms. However, few reports discuss t...
A versatile reflector antenna pattern computation method: Shooting and bouncing rays

Based on shooting and bouncing geometrical optics rays, this paper describes an aperture integration method for computing the secondary pattern of reflector antennas. The method is versatile and flexible. Within the geometricdl optics accuracy, there is virtually no restriction on the number of reflectors, the coating material, radome, or the feed configurations. Pattern computations are shown for an antenna with six reflectors, coated with dielectric material and covered by a spherical radome.
The Impact of Women's Time Allocation on Expenditure for Meals Away from Home and Prepared Foods

consequences for food preparation and consumption, because food preparation accounts for much of the time spent in household production. Despite changing sex roles, women still make most of the food-related decisions and perform much of the food selection and preparation activities. Therefore, a household's expenditure on ready-prepared foods and meals consumed away from home, as requiring the least amount of homemaker's time, should be inversely related to the amount of a woman's time allocated to household production and to those factors affecting such allocation. The purpose of this article is to test the hypotheses advanced by Gronau, who extended Becker's time-allocation analysis to a woman's household labor time versus leisure time versus market labor
THE INTERACTION OF FLUORIDE ION WITH ORGANOSILANES: EQUILIBRATION OF THE EXO/ENDO ISOMERS OF 3‐METHYL‐3‐SILABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCTANE

The exo/endo isomers of the title compound can be obtained as an equilibrium mixture when treated with cesium fluoride in DMF; the observed equilibrium constant is in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Race, Rehabilitated — Redux:

‘Race, Rehabilitated — Redux’ explores the metaphysics of passing as a propadeutic to the interdisciplinary practice of critical race theory. Racial metaphysics asks whether races and racial identi...
Vocational Behavior and Career Development, 1983: A Review.

Abstract This article reviews the literature related to vocational behavior and career development published during 1983. Journals in the fields of psychology, sociology, and organizational behavior were examined, and 445 relevant articles published in 42 different journals were identified. The review is organized around issues pertinent to the counseling psychology perspective (i.e., career development, vocational choice, vocational behavior of women, assessment, intervention strategies) and the industrial/organizational psychology perspective (i.e., personnel functions, worker adjustment problems, work adjustment) on vocational behavior.
Cushing's syndrome: A review of diagnostic tests

This review presents an analysis and interpretation of the published experimental data that form the basis for laboratory tests commonly used for screening, definitive diagnosis, and differential diagnosis in Cushing's syndrome. The single-dose overnight dexamethasone suppression test is excellent for screening outpatients since this test has a very low incidence of false-negative results (1.9% of 154 patients with Cushing's syndrome). The definitive diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is best established by combining basal state measurements of the daily urine-free cortisol excretion and late evening plasma cortisol levels with the 2-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. The etiology of Cushing's syndrome is best determined by combining measurements of basal state plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels with the 8-mg high-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Under certain conditions, the basal state daily urine excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids, the insulin tolerance test, and the metyrapone test may be useful in the definitive or differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
New extended clusters in ternary molybdenum oxides

Three new compounds representative of different structure types in the family of ternary metal oxides with extended metal-metal bonded arrays are discussed. InMo 4 O 6 (isomorphous with NaMo 4 O 6 ) contains infinite anion chains of condensed octahedral cluster units, (Mo 4 O 6 − ) ∞ , crosslinked to form channels where In + cations reside in sites of square pyramidal coordination to oxygen. The linear array of In atoms in the channels, with d (In-In)=2.8628(4) A, suggests some degree of In-In bonding, and these interactions may contribute to the metallic conductivity determined for this compound over the range 2–300 K. Infinite chains with Mo 2 O 4 repeat units condensed as rhomboidal clusters fused on opposite edges are the outstanding structural feature of NaMo 2 O 4 . The compound also has a doublelayer lattice MoO 2 with Na + ions fractionally occupying octahedral coordination sites between alternate layers. The compound Ca 5.45 Mo 18 O 32 contains three different kinds of cluster chains with Mo 1 , Mo 2 , and Mo 4 repeat units. Metal cluster electron counts on the three different repeat units, estimated from Mo-O bond strength-bond distance relations, are reflected in the formula Ca 5.45 (MoO 3 2.26− ) 2 (Mo 2 O 3.5 0.22− ) 4 (Mo 4 O 6 2.65− ) 2 .
A technique for intrafollicular injection in cattle: Effects of hCG

Abstract An ultrasound-guided, transvaginal technique for intrafollicular treatment was developed and tested in cattle, using hCG as the test substance. A double-channel system was used in which the inner needle was 25-gauge and the outer needle was 20-gauge. The needles were inserted together through the needle guide of a convex-array transvaginal transducer. The ovary containing the target follicle was positioned transrectally against the vaginal wall over the transducer face. The outer needle was pushed through the vaginal wall, and the inner needle was then advanced into the follicle during monitoring on the ultrasound screen. The turbulence in the follicular fluid associated with injection was observable on the screen. In an initial experiment, hCG was given on Day 6. Ovulation from the Wave-1 dominant follicle occurred on Day 8 in 5 of 5 heifers given an intramuscular dose of 1000 IU of hCG. A dose of 100 IU into the muscle (n = 5) or ovarian stroma (n = 3) did not induce ovulation in any heifer. In the principal experiment, 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 or 0 IU (vehicle only) of hCG were injected into the dominant follicle on Day 6, using 0.1 ml of vehicle. Ovulation from the treated follicle occurred in 4 of 4 heifers treated with 1.0 IU hCG and in 3 of 4 treated with 0.1 IU. An induced ovulation did not occur in any of the heifers receiving 0.01 IU (n = 4) or 0 IU (n = 4). The heifer that did not ovulate in the group receiving 0.1 IU and 2 of the heifers that received 0.01 IU formed a cystic follicle; the injected dominant follicle enlarged to > 20 mm. Overall, the Wave-1 dominant follicle became cystic in 3 of 5 heifers that received low intrafollicular doses of hCG but did not have an ovulatory response; the follicle did not become cystic in any of the 12 heifers that were not exposed to hCG. The results suggested that a dominant follicle exposed to a dose of hCG inadequate to induce ovulation may become cystic. This study has demonstrated that a transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection into a bovine follicle is a practical research technique.
Validation of data obtained during exposure of human volunteers to air pollutants.

Abstract The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducts research at their Clinical Environmental Laboratory to determine the effects of gaseous and particulate pollutants on volunteer human subjects. Procedures for the validation and management of data acquired from this facility are described, which ensure that data are both scientifically sound and legally defensible. The procedures conform to all applicable EPA quality control guidelines and provide a “chain-of-custody” record for the data, capable of demonstrating that no unauthorized changes or deletions have occurred.
Full-electron calculation of effective electronic couplings and excitation energies of charge transfer states: Application to hole transfer in DNA π-stacks

In this work I develop and apply a theoretical method for calculating effective electronic couplings (or transfer integrals) between redox sites involved in hole or electron transfer reactions. The resulting methodology is a refinement and a generalization of a recently developed approach for transfer integral evaluation. In fact, it holds for any overlap between the charge-localized states used to represent charge transfer (CT) processes in the two-state model. The presented theoretical and computational analyses show that the prototype approach is recovered for sufficiently small overlaps. The method does not involve any empirical parameter. It allows a complete multielectron description, therefore including electronic relaxation effects. Furthermore, its theoretical formulation holds at any value of the given reaction coordinate and yields a formula for the evaluation of the vertical excitation energy (i.e., the energy difference between the adiabatic ground and first-excited electronic states) that rests on the same physical quantities used in transfer integral calculation. In this paper the theoretical approach is applied to CT in B-DNA base dimers within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT), although it can be implemented in other computational schemes. The results of this work, as compared with previous Hartree–Fock (HF) and post-HF evaluations, support the applicability of the current implementation of the method to larger π-stacked arrays, where post-HF approaches are computationally unfeasible.
PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SPECTRAL TYPES FOR BE STARS: THE Q-METHOD

This paper demonstrates that the Q-method of determining spectral types from UBV photometry is inaccurate for Be and Be shell stars. However, when a new spectral type vs. Q-value relation was derived for the Be stars, it was found to provide equally precise spectral typse as when the previous relations were applied to normal Be stars.
The NbH solvus: A discussion☆

Differences between the data of the author (Trans. TMS-AIME 245: 287(1969)) and that of Whitton et al. (Scripta Met. 9: 851 (1975)), which was obtained using the channeling of 1-MeV He ions, are discussed. (DLC)
Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Associated with Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma

Hypercalcemia associated with endometrial carcinoma is rare. We report a patient with serous papillary endometrial carcinoma with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of hypercalcemia due to PTHrP in this type of tumor.
TGF-β Signaling Controls Embryo Development in the Parasitic Flatworm Schistosoma mansoni

Over 200 million people have, and another 600 million are at risk of contracting, schistosomiasis, one of the major neglected tropical diseases. Transmission of this infection, which is caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma, depends upon the release of parasite eggs from the human host. However, approximately 50% of eggs produced by schistosomes fail to reach the external environment, but instead become trapped in host tissues where pathological changes caused by the immune responses to secreted egg antigens precipitate disease. Despite the central importance of egg production in transmission and disease, relatively little is understood of the molecular processes underlying the development of this key life stage in schistosomes. Here, we describe a novel parasite-encoded TGF-β superfamily member, Schistosoma mansoni Inhibin/Activin (SmInAct), which is key to this process. In situ hybridization localizes SmInAct expression to the reproductive tissues of the adult female, and real-time RT-PCR analyses indicate that SmInAct is abundantly expressed in ovipositing females and the eggs they produce. Based on real-time RT-PCR analyses, SmInAct transcription continues, albeit at a reduced level, both in adult worms isolated from single-sex infections, where reproduction is absent, and in parasites from IL-7R−/− mice, in which viable egg production is severely compromised. Nevertheless, Western analyses demonstrate that SmInAct protein is undetectable in parasites from single-sex infections and from infections of IL-7R−/− mice, suggesting that SmInAct expression is tightly linked to the reproductive potential of the worms. A crucial role for SmInAct in successful embryogenesis is indicated by the finding that RNA interference–mediated knockdown of SmInAct expression in eggs aborts their development. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β signaling plays a major role in the embryogenesis of a metazoan parasite, and have implications for the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of an important and neglected human disease.
Nitric oxide destruction during coal and char oxidation under pulverized-coal combustion conditions

A modified drop-tube reactor that allows particle distribution over the reactor cross-sectional area, and oxidation of chars produced in situ, was used to study the conversion efficiency of char nitrogen to nitric oxide ( αNO). The results confirm previous findings by other investigators that αNO decreases as the weight of char burned increases. αNO for coal was the same as (at 4% O2 )o r lower than (at 20% O2) that for an equal mass of char during oxidation. Since coal will yield approximately half its mass as fixed carbon, these results suggest that the local stoichiometry surrounding the particle is responsible for the observed reduction in αNO as sample size increases. The analysis of the exhaust gases showed increases in HCN concentration and a decrease in CO2/CO ratio as sample size increased, suggesting that local stoichiometry influences αNO. Additional experiments showed that αNO decreased as the background NO concentration was increased, at rates that diminished as the oxygen concentration increased, independent of particle size. The steep reduction in NO production as the background NO concentration increased was explained by the destruction of NO in the gas phase.
Keep your market definitions up to date ‐ or risk losing your customers

“Our market is everyone living North of Main Street and East of Broad”. This sentence graphically describes a common problem: “framing” markets incorrectly, defining them according to our perceptions rather than the realities. Discusses why companies consistently wear blinkers when viewing their markets; describes the dangers of myopia in this important, but overlooked, area of strategy, and highlights typical causes.
Barriers to rehabilitation of the neurosurgical spine cancer patient

The treatment of metastatic spine tumors has evolved significantly over the past 20 years due largely to improvements in magnetic resonance imaging; decompressive surgical techniques, spinal instrumentation, and high-dose conformal radiation. These advances have improved our ability to provide meaningful palliation for patients who often have significant medical and cancer-related issues. Despite technical advances that have improved our ability to maintain neurologic function, stabilize the spine, and prevent local tumor recurrences, significant barriers to rehabilitation remain. This article reviews these primary barriers to rehabilitation of the cancer patient following spine surgery and emphasizes the importance of diagnostic accuracy and a comprehensive team approach to the treatment of pain and other disorders in this population.
The nutrition of choline, carnitine, and related compounds in the blowfly, Phormia regina Meigen☆

Abstract Fifteen choline analogues were tested as substitutes for choline in the larval diet of Phormia regina . From the results the structural requirements for an adequate choline substitute are further defined. The choline analogue, (CH 3 ) 3 +NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, although not an inhibitor in the presence of choline, inhibits growth when choline is replaced in the diet by carnitine or γ-butyrobetaine. This compound presumably inhibits one of the reactions which metabolizes carnitine or γ-butyrobetaine to β-methyl choline.
The group structure of some neural nets.

A method is given for using a set of disjoint cycles as the main body of a neural net that will given rise to more than one temporal response pattern for different afferent stimuli. The method arises out of considering the correspondence between this type of net and certain Abelian groups of finite order. The consideration also gives rise to a possible definition of the “complexity” of this type of neural net.
Ernest Gruening and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Continuities in American Dissent

On 7 August 1964, Ernest Gruening (D-Alaska) cast one of the two Senate votes against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, later used by the Johnson administration to authorize the American military buildup in Vietnam. Those studies of the war that mention Gruening's vote gen erally argue that he opposed the resolution for reasons similar to those of its other opponent, Wayne Morse (D-Oregon). In fact, unlike Morse, Gruening adhered to dissenting ideas which had appeared only rarely since the onset of World War II, though by the later 1960s many anti war senators wound up supporting positions similar to those of Gruening in 1964; the senator's Tonkin Gulf dissent thus deserves more attention than it has received. Choosing to look beyond the Cold War mindset accepted by many of his liberal colleagues,1 Gruening instead relied upon a set of ideals best associated with left-wing foreign policy dissent of the 1920s to make his case against both the war and the overall path of American foreign policy. His initial opinions on South east Asia flowed logically from his overall foreign policy ideology, and his views need to be analyzed in a broader framework. A graduate of Harvard, Gruening trained as a doctor, but decided upon receiving his M.D. that a career in medicine did not appeal, and he turned to journalism instead. After serving as a reform editor for several Boston journals, he traveled to New York in 1921 to work at The Nation. Once there, Gruening became active attempting to end the American Marine occupation of Haiti; to investigate matters firsthand, Gruening visited Haiti in late 1921, establishing close ties with Hai tian anti-occupation leaders in the Union Patriotique and being named an honorary citizen of Port-au-Prince. He returned to the United States to publicize the ill effects of the occupation, questioning the morality and practicality of a policy that amounted to making the American military "supreme legislator, supreme judge, supreme executor"; he
Synthesis of C-linked glycopyranosyl serines via a chiral glycine enolate equivalent.

The stereoselective preparation of C-linked d-gluco- and d-galactopyranosyl l-serines in their α and β forms is herein reported. The syntheses require the conversion of the allyl C-glycopyranosides into their iodoethyl derivatives, which then undergo substitution with the Williams' chiral glycine enolate equivalent. Deprotection and acetylation affords Boc-protected amino acids for peptide synthesis.
Determination of the excess volume of cyclohexane + benzene by means of a magnetic float densimeter

A magnetic float densimeter for the measurement of the density of organic liquids is described. The densimeter has a sensitivity of 1 p.p.m. and a precision of 20 p.p.m. It has been used to determine the excess volume of cyclohexane + benzene at 298.15 K, and the results are compared with previous dilatometric measurements.
Popular Journalism and Artistic Styles in Three Oaxacan Wood-Carving Communities

Journalists' descriptions and photographs of various crafts can influence the market for "ethnic" and tourist art. What purchasers have read about and seen shapes their perception of what is available, what is well made, what is collectible, and what is valuable. This paper examines the effects of the publications of Shepard Barbash and Vicki Ragan on the flourishing trade in wood carvings from three communities in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Barbash has written an article for Smithsonian magazine and a popular art book that includes striking photographs by Ragan. The book is prominently displayed in artisans' workshops and is advertised in mail-order catalogs distributed widely in the United States. Many artisans now specialize in pieces similar to those shown in the book, which at one time was a quasi-catalog for some buyers. The magazine article and book have clearly affected the sales of wood carvings by certain individuals. Nonetheless, most artisans and dealers downplay the direct economic conseque...
Peer Victimization and Suicidal Behaviors Among High School Youth

This study examined the association between various types of peer-directed violence and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents. A nationally representative sample of 15,425 high school students completed the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. All types of peer victimization (bullying, physical violence, and dating violence) were found to be consistent predictors of suicide attempts, though no peer-directed violence was significantly related to suicidal ideation and interpersonal violence was negatively related to having a suicide plan. Few gender differences were observed. Findings have implications for practice including the importance of utilizing an integrated violence prevention approach and implementing a comprehensive suicide prevention program that includes effective suicide risk assessments.
Numerical spectroscopy: Absorbance index technique and algorithm for qualitative analysis in liquid chromatography

Abstract This work was undertaken as part of an effort to provide efficient numerical techniques for utilizing spectroscopic data in high-performance liquid chromatography. Such techniques are necessary because retention time is not sufficient confirmation of peak identity, nor is symmetry proof of peak purity. Several numerical techniques for comparing spectral data exist which range from simple absorbance ratios through spectral deconvolution. This paper presents a new algorithm called absorbance index which has the calculation simplicity of absorbance ratios but makes more efficient use of the spectral data. The data obtained from this algorithm are used to perform qualitative tasks in liquid chromatographic analysis such as determination of peak identity and peak purity.
Beyond lean: an essay (mass production)

The authors take issue with the belief that traditional mass production has been superseded by a single new kind of 'lean' organization invented in Japan and now diffusing throughout the advanced countries. They maintain that national differences in corporate strategy and organization will necessarily extend right through production. They look at the ways in which US and European firms are reorganizing to change over from traditional mass production to lean approaches and identify trends that differ from what Japanese firms have done. >
Patient attitudes toward medical students in an outpatient colorectal surgery clinic.

Patients with colorectal diseases may be reluctant to have medical students present during their outpatient clinic visit, especially when significant disrobing and embarrassing examinations are performed. This study examines patient attitudes in this regard. One hundred consecutive patients completed a questionnaire after the conclusion of their office visit. Patient age, gender, race, diagnosis, level of disease, socioeconomic status, and education level were recorded as well as attitudes toward the presence of students in the examination room. Responses were analyzed by using two-sample Z tests or chi-squared tests for comparison of proportions among groups. The pooled-variance t-test was used to compare the difference of means when appropriate. Overall, 81 percent of patients accepted students’ presence. Females were less likely than males (77 vs. 86 percent; P = 0.03) and blacks less likely than whites (61 vs. 88 percent; P = 0.004) to accept students. Higher compliance was demonstrated in patients with greater perceived severity of disease (P = 0.03). We found no significant correlation between patient level of education or income and their comfort level with respect to teaching in the examination room. However, racial differences were seen in this category (P = 0.01). Females were more likely to prefer the same gender student, but this was not statistically significant. Students are generally accepted in outpatient colorectal clinics (81 percent). Reasons for acceptance of students included being able to contribute to the teaching of future doctors. Reasons for refusal included perceived increased length of the office visit and patient privacy. We noticed significant differences in compliance by gender, race, and severity of disease, but not age, patient level of income, or education.
Ultrasound grey scale display on storage oscilloscope system

A grey-scale display system for ultrasound contact B-scanning has been developed that produces six shades of grey on a high resolution storage oscilloscope. The grey shades are displayed by varying the density distribution of dots of a constant intensity. The system design and clinical results are presented. Advantages of our system are: 1. the non-degraded image is immediately displayed as the scan is performed. 2. the writing speed is faster than most scan converter tube systems son that many closely spaced scans can be rapidly performed in order to improve visualization of small anatomic structures, and 3. images comparable to those of scan converter display systems are produced at a significantly lower equipment cost.
Temperature dependence of the elastic constants of Ni: reliability of EAM in predicting thermal properties

The temperature dependence of the elastic constants of Ni is calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with the embedded atom method (EAM). The Parrinello - Rahman version of molecular dynamics is employed along with the fluctuation formulae in the and EhN ensembles at various temperatures from 0 K to somewhat below the melting point (experimental value 1725 K). The calculated results for the elastic constants, compressibility, linear coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat and the melting temperature compare reasonably well to experiment.
Synthetic Enantiopure Carbohydrate Polymers that are Highly Soluble in Water and Noncytotoxic.

The first synthesis of polyamido-saccharides (PASs) from a galactose (gal)-derived β-lactam sugar monomer is reported. The polymers are prepared using a controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization and characterized by NMR, optical rotation, IR, and GPC. Galactose-derived PASs display high solubility in aqueous solutions and are noncytotoxic to HepG2, CHO, and HeLa cell lines. To evaluate whether gal-derived PASs are recognized by the gal-specific lectin present on human hepatocytes, cellular uptake of rhodamine-labeled polymers is assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. On the basis of these results, the polymers are taken into cells via endocytosis that is not dependent on the gal-specific receptor on hepatocytes. Neutral, hydrophilic polymers, such as gal-derived PASs, are desirable materials for a range of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, surface passivation, and hydrogel formation.
Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Self Images of People with Physical Disabilities in the Netherlands

The current study investigated the association between sexual well-being, and age-of-onset, relationship status, care dependency and age among people with a physical impairment. Sexual well-being was assessed in five areas: sexual satisfaction, sexual anxiety, sexual esteem, body esteem and perceived attractiveness to others. Ninety-five men and 65 women participated. Multiple regression indicated that as age-of-onset of disability in men increased, sexual satisfaction decreased. Men with late-onset disabilities showed lower levels of sexual satisfaction and body esteem than the congenital group. In women, only having a partner was a predictor of sexual well-being. Care dependency only had a minor effect in the male group. Furthermore, mental health and feelings of helplessness correlated significantly with sexual self images in men but not in women. The results suggest that especially men with late-onset disabilities experience more adjustment problems than women and women place more emphasis on interpersonal aspects of sexuality than men.
Process for fission‐product removal from uranium‐Bismuth reactor fuels by use of fused‐salt extraction

The liquid-metal-fuel reactor under development at the Brookhaven National Laboratory uses a fuel which is a solution of U233, Mg, and Zr in liquid bismuth. For a power breeder thermal reactor, high neutron economy is essential, and this calls for low concentrations of those fission products in the fuel which are high neutron capturers. Roughly 45% by weight of the fission products can be continuously removed from the fuel by salt extraction with alkali and alkaline-earth fused-salt mixtures. These fission products contain the highly “poisonous” rare earths. This paper will present a discussion of processdesign considerations and proposed flow sheets.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin effects on intestinal guanylate cyclase and fluid secretion by quinacrine

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli may produce a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) that causes diarrheal disease in humans and in animals ST activates particulate guanylate cyclase in intestinal mucosal cells and causes intestinal fluid secretion. In this study, we examined the effects of quinacrine on ST activation of guanylate cyclase and ST-mediated intestinal fluid secretion. Quinacrine significantly reduced ST activation of particulate guanylate cyclase in rat intestinal tissue. Additionally, quinacrine reduced ST-mediated fluid secretion in a rat intestinal loop assay (P less than 0.05). In the suckling mouse model, subcutaneous quinacrine (0.1 mumole/mouse) reduced ST-induced fluid secretion at a submaximally effective dose of the toxin, but it did not reduce ST-mediated fluid secretion at a near maximally effective dose. Quinacrine (0.1 mumole/mouse) did not significantly reduce intestinal fluid secretion induced by the analog of cyclic GMP, 8-bromo cyclic GMP. However, at a higher concentration of quinacrine (1 mumole/mouse), significant inhibition of 8-bromo cyclic GMP-induced secretion was observed. Inhibition by the antimalarial agent quinacrine of ST-induced fluid secretion, by a block prior to guanylate cyclase activation, suggests a possible role for a phospholipase early in the sequence of events of ST activation of guanylate cyclase. The results suggest that ST may activate membrane phospholipases prior to ST activation of guanylate cyclase.
Oxide Components for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

The problem of oxide selection for the components of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is reviewed. The SOFC is based on a ceramic oxide-ion electrolyte fabricated as a thin, dense membrane of large area. A target oxide-ion conductivity σ0 > 0.1 S/cm2 at an operating temperature Top < 800°C has been achieved in Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 (LSGM). Composite anodes for a hydrogen-air SOFC have been developed, but anodes for use with logistic fuels is only beginning to be addressed. The oxygen-reduction reaction is shown to be rate-limiting at mixed oxide-ion/electronic conductors used as cathodes. An overall maximum power density of 1.4 W/cm2 has been achieved at 800°C in a hydrogen-air SOFC having an LSGM electrolyte 200 µm thick with sputtered Pt on the surface of the cathode.
Mediation of the DCC Apoptotic Signal by DIP13α

Abstract DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. However the function ofDCC remains elusive. Previously, we demonstrated that forced expression of DCC induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest (Chen, Y. Q., Hsieh, J. T., Yao, F., Fang, B., Pong, R. C., Cipriano, S. C. & Krepulat, F. (1999) Oncogene 18, 2747–2754). To delineate the DCC-induced apoptotic pathway, we have identified a protein, DIP13α, which interacts with DCC. The DIP13α protein has a pleckstrin homology domain and a phosphotyrosine binding domain. It interacts with a region on the DCC cytoplasmic domain that is required for the induction of apoptosis. Although ectopic expression of DIP13α alone causes only a slight increase in apoptosis, co-expression of DCC and DIP13αresults in an ∼5-fold increase in apoptosis. Removal of the DCC-interacting domain on DIP13α abolishes its ability to enhance DCC-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of endogenous DIP13αexpression by small interfering RNA blocks DCC-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that DIP13α is a mediator of the DCC apoptotic pathway.
Staring RF signal processing challenges

Traditionally, distinct radar modes have been employed to accomplish specific tasks such as imaging an area of interest, or detecting and tracking moving targets. Staring circular synthetic aperture radar (S-CSAR) provides unique opportunities for exploitation of radio frequency (RF) data collected over a large ground spot. The same phase history may be processed in different manners to generate simultaneous S-CSAR products such as 2-D Video SAR, coherent and non-coherent change detection (CCD and NCD), and ground moving target indication (GMTI). Advanced signal processing techniques can take advantage of the S-CSAR geometry to produce 3-D scene reconstructions. The ability to transmit, record and process large volumes of S-CSAR data, to create high fidelity exploitation products, in real-time, poses significant challenges. This paper addresses several open problems in this research area.
Gonadotropin receptors of the primate corpus luteum. I. Characterization of 125I-labeled human luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin binding to luteal membranes from the rhesus monkey.

Gonadotropin-binding sites of the primate corpus luteum were characterized via specific [125I]iodohuman LH ([125I] iodo-hLH)/hCG binding to 15,000 × g particulate fractions of luteal tissue removed from rhesus monkeys on days 17–19 of the nonfertile menstrual cycle. [125I]iodo-hLH/hCG uptake was directly proportional to tissue concentration and was a function of the pH of the incubation medium. Binding was maximal between pH 6.0-7.5 and diminished sharply above and below this range. Labeled hLH and hCG bound specifically to corpora lutea, but not to the oviduct or prepubertal ovary of the macaque. Unlabeled hLH and hCG inhibited [125I]iodo-hLH/hCG uptake in a similar fashion, whereas ovine, bovine, and porcine LH were much less effective. Human FSH, PRL, and the α- and/?-subunits of hCG did not compete readily for LH/CG-binding sites. Gonadotropin binding to luteal membranes was time and temperature dependent. The association process followed second order kinetics, with an association rate constant of 0.3...
Characteristics of inelastic interactions of high energy hadrons with atomic electrons

Abstract The energy loss and angular characteristics of the inelastic interactions of high energy protons and pions (up to 30 TeV) with atomic electrons are analyzed in the electron rest frame. Inclusive distributions of the incident hadron, recoiling electron and produced pions are obtained along with the rms angles of these particles as a function of their momentum. The results are suitably parametrized for use in Monte Carlo simulations. For the incident hadron the average energy loss and rms angle in bulk matter are determined and compared with other processes. The contribution to d E /d x from inelastic processes exceeds that of competing processes in the multi-TeV regime.
Turbulent combustion in open and closed vessels

We present a numerical technique to approximate the solution of a simplified model of turbulent combustion. The method, which is particularly suited for flows at high Reynolds number, uses random vortex element techniques coupled to a flame propagation algorithm based on Huyghens' principle. We use this technique to analyze combustion in open and closed vessels. In the first experiment, we model a flame propagating in a swirling, viscous flow inside a closed square. Our results show the growth and development of counterrotating turbulent eddies and their effect on the flame. In the second experiment, we model turbulent combustion within a channel, in which flow enters through a slit at one end. Results detail the effects of exothermicity and viscosity on the speed and shape of the burning front.
A traffic-aware top-N firewall ruleset approximation algorithm

Packet classification is widely used in various network security and operation applications. Two of the main challenges are the increasing number of classification rules, amount of traffic and network line speed. In this poster, we investigate an approximation algorithm for selecting the top-N most frequently matched subset of rules from the original ruleset. Through simulations, we show that our approaches the optimal while runs in seconds, allowing online adaptation to changing traffic patterns.
Heterogeneity of ATP-sensitive K+ Channels in Cardiac Myocytes ENRICHMENT AT THE INTERCALATED DISK

Ventricular ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels link intracellular energy metabolism to membrane excitability and contractility. Our recent proteomics experiments identified plakoglobin and plakophilin-2 (PKP2) as putative KATP channel-associated proteins. We investigated whether the association of KATP channel subunits with junctional proteins translates to heterogeneous subcellular distribution within a cardiac myocyte. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed physical interaction between KATP channels and PKP2 and plakoglobin in rat heart. Immunolocalization experiments demonstrated that KATP channel subunits (Kir6.2 and SUR2A) are expressed at a higher density at the intercalated disk in mouse and rat hearts, where they co-localized with PKP2 and plakoglobin. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrate that KATP channels are clustered within nanometer distances from junctional proteins. The local KATP channel density, recorded in excised inside-out patches, was larger at the cell end when compared with local currents recorded from the cell center. The KATP channel unitary conductance, block by MgATP and activation by MgADP, did not differ between these two locations. Whole cell KATP channel current density (activated by metabolic inhibition) was ∼40% smaller in myocytes from mice haploinsufficient for PKP2. Experiments with excised patches demonstrated that the regional heterogeneity of KATP channels was absent in the PKP2 deficient mice, but the KATP channel unitary conductance and nucleotide sensitivities remained unaltered. Our data demonstrate heterogeneity of KATP channel distribution within a cardiac myocyte. The higher KATP channel density at the intercalated disk implies a possible role at the intercellular junctions during cardiac ischemia.
Pregnant Chemically Dependent Women: The New Criminals

The latest casualties in the war on drugs are pregnant, chemically dependent women, who are viewed as the perpetrators of fetal abuse. Recent litigation has elevated the rights of the fetus over the rights of the mother. This article examines the medical and legal basis for the punitive policies directed at pregnant, chemically dependent women and suggests an alternative policy.
THE FATE OF PHOSPHATASE, INVERTASE, AND PEROXIDASE IN AUTOLYZING LEAVES.

When leaves are removed from a plant they continue to carry on many of their normal functions such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate and organic acid transformation, respiration, protein hydrolysis, etc. Yet, while these activities are being manifest there is a rapid and continuous decrease in the total leaf protein. Since the above reactions are mediated by enzymes which are themselves proteins, it becomes of interest to compare directly the survival of some enzymes in the autolyzing leaf with the survival of the total protein. Such information is of interest in connection with the general problems of leaf metabolism, but also in regard to the applied problems of storage behavior with certain agricultural products. As a preliminary approach to the problem, a study of the comparative survival of several enzymes and of total soluble cytoplasmic protein was undertaken. It had previously been shown by Wildman and Bonner (4) that the soluble cytoplasmic protein of the leaves which they studied contained many enzymes. Tobacco was the plant of choice for the experiments described herein because of the detailed physicochemical data available on the cytoplasmic protein in its leaves (5). The present work is a part of a broader project carried out in this laboratory for the chemical and physical identification of the storage labile proteins of tobacco leaves (3). The following enzymes were selected for study in the present work: phosphatase because of our special interest in its metabolic function, invertase and peroxidase because of the ease with which they could be determined.
The Vigil Network: A reviving of interest

The deficiency in detailed data on hydrologic and geomorphic processes led to the idea of establishing a network of small drainage basins and other selected sites where observations of basic processes would be made over long periods of time [Leopold, 1962a, c]. The network of observational sites has been named Vigil, from the Latin vigilia, a watch or surveillance over time.
Selectivity of toxic and acid gases over methane and nitrogen in Langmuir-Blodgett films

Composite membranes for gas separation were fabricated by depositing polymeric Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on porous support membranes. By bridging over the pores of the porous support, the polymeric LB film acted as a selective barrier to gas diffusion. The gas selectivity of the LB films was demonstrated by measuring pure-component permeabilities as a function of temperature. LB composite membranes were selective for hydrogen sulfide (a toxic and acid gas) and carbon dioxide (an acid gas) over methane and nitrogen. Carbon dioxide selectivities were reduced by a slow reaction of H2S with the LB film. Grazing angle infrared reflection-absorption spectra (IRRAS) of separate films on aluminized glass slides showed irreversible disordering of the hydrocarbon side groups of the polymer at 35 °C. Disordering improved the selectivities of H2S and Co2 relative to CH4 and N2.
Early mineralization of normal and pathologic calvaria as revealed by Raman spectroscopy

Bone tissue consists of a carbonated apatite-like mineral supported on a hydrated, collagen-rich protein matrix. Despite extensive studies into the macroscopic characteristics of bone, much about the early stages of bone formation remains unknown. Raman microspectroscopy and imaging are increasingly important tools for the study of mineralized tissue, due to advancements in both spectral acquisition and analysis protocols. With this technique, mapping of both organic and inorganic components of bone, in addition to determining their distributions with high spatial resolution across a specimen, can be realized. We have employed Raman microscopy to investigate the early stages of mineralization in four different mouse calvarial systems: typical and atypical osteoblastic (bone forming) cell cultures and healthy and diseased bone tissue. These systems are commonly utilized as models for mineralization. The mineral deposited by osteoblast cultures grown atypically gives a Raman signal completely different to that observed in osteoblast cultures grown in the conventional manner. Similarly, Raman images of healthy and diseased bone tissue show differences in the relationship of the mineral and matrix environments. In this report, we compare the several differences between these four mineral environments, and discuss the chemistry of mineral maturation observed.
SU‐FF‐J‐24: Functional Planning for Tomotherapy‐Based Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Peripheral Lung Tumors

Purpose: To investigate the impact of incorporating hyperpolarized heliume‐3 (HP He‐3) MRI ventilation images to Tomotherapy‐based stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) planning for peripheral lungtumors.Method and Materials:CT and HP He‐3 MRI ventilation images of 6 subjects were co‐registered for segmentation. Highly functional lungs (HFL) were defined as the 70‐percentile hyperventilation lungs and less functional lungs (LFL) were subsequently calculated. A cylinder‐shaped artificial object was created in peripheral lungs to mimic planning‐target‐volume (PTV). Two Tomotherapy‐based IMRT plans, a anatomical plan (Plan 1) and a functional plan (Plan 2), were designed with SBRT‐type prescription (60Gy in 5 fractions) and normal tissue constrains. The following dosimetric parameters were compared between two plans: total lung V20 (TLV20), highly functional lungs V20 (HFLV20), less functional lungs V20 (LFLV20), mean total lungdose (MTLD), mean highly functional lungdose (MHFLD), mean less functional lungdose (MLFLD), max dose to organs at risk (OARs) and conformality index (CI). Results: Compared to Plane 1, Plan 2 significantly reduced HFLV20 (median reduction 2.1%, range 0.7–2.9%, p‐value=0.031), TLV20 (median reduction 1.6%, range 0.5–2.1%, p‐value=0.031), MHFLD (median reduction 0.8Gy, range 0.4–1.0Gy, p‐value=0.031), and MTLD (median reduction 0.7Gy, range 0.1–1.0Gy, p‐value=0.031). There was no significant difference in LFLV20 and MLFLD (p‐value is 0.438 and 0.156 respectively). Dose constrains for OARs were satisfied in all plans and max doses to OARs were not significantly changed in Plan 2 (p‐values range: 0.063–0.563). CI was generally reduced in Plan 2 (median reduction 0.02) but the difference is insignificant (p‐value=0.125). Conclusions: The incorporation of HP He‐3 MRI ventilation information to the Tomotherapy‐based SBRT planning for peripheral lungcancer improved the sparring of radiation dose to highly functional lungs and can potentially preserve more highly functional lungs. Conflict of Interest: Dr. Paul W. Read serves as a consultant for Tomotherapy Inc.