cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEW AGE CONTROL ON THE PORT HURON MORAINE IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN

Until now, radiocarbon age estimates of the Port Huron moraine in Michigan have been based largely on 14C dates from beyond the state. This study reports a radiocarbon age of 12,960 ± 350 yr B.P. from sediments immediately proximal to the northwestern part of the Inner Port Huron moraine in Michigan's Southern Peninsula. Geologic relationships indicate that this section of the moraine predates the age estimate. Stratigraphic and morphologic relationships of sediments of ancestral Great Lakes phases related to the Port Huron morainic system, 14C ages from sediments of those lake phases, and a 14C age from wood buried by till of the Wyoming moraine (a morphostratigraphic equivalent of the Port Huron moraine), have collectively supported the interpretation that the morainic system was formed between 13,500 and 12,700 yr B.P. Our radiocarbon age estimate, the first from sediments immediately proximal to the Port Huron system in Michigan, is compatible with this interpretation. Furthermore, because the Port Hu...
Risk-sensitive policies for sustainable renewable resource allocation

Markov Decision Processes arise as a natural model for many renewable resources allocation problems. In many such problems, high stakes decisions with potentially catastrophic outcomes (such as the collapse of an entire ecosystem) need to be taken by carefully balancing social, economic, and ecologic goals. We introduce a broad class of such MDP models with a risk averse attitude of the decision maker, in order to obtain policies that are more balanced with respect to the welfare of future generations. We prove that they admit a closed form solution that can be efficiently computed. We show an application of the proposed framework to the Pacific Halibut marine fishery, obtaining new and more cautious policies. Our results strengthen findings of related policies from the literature by providing new evidence that a policy based on periodic closures of the fishery should be employed, in place of the one traditionally used that harvests a constant proportion of the stock every year.
Insights into the structure of mixed CO2/CH4 in gas hydrates

The exchange of carbon dioxide for methane in natural gas hydrates is an attractive approach to harvesting CH 4 for energy production while simultaneously sequestering CO 2 . In addition to the energy and environmental implications, the solid solution of clathrate hydrate (CH 4 ) 1–x (CO 2 ) x ·5.75H 2 O provides a model system to study how the distinct bonding and shapes of CH 4 and CO 2 influence the structure and properties of the compound. High-resolution neutron diffraction was used to examine mixed CO 2 /CH 4 gas hydrates. CO 2 -rich hydrates had smaller lattice parameters, which were attributed to the higher affinity of the CO 2 molecule interacting with H 2 O molecules that form the surrounding cages, and resulted in a reduction in the unit-cell volume. Experimental nuclear scattering densities illustrate how the cage occupants and energy landscape change with composition. These results provide important insights on the impact and mechanisms for the structure of mixed CH 4 /CO 2 gas hydrate.
Cerebral Cysticercosis and Seizures

A 15-year-old Peruvian girl with neurocysticercosis is reported from Cornell University, New York, and Institute Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.
Drug-resistant tubercle bacilli. The aftermath of chemotherapy.

(1962). Drug-Resistant: Tubercle Bacilli. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 396-400.
The Case of the Missing ‘Kink’: A Re-Examination of Earnings Management to Avoid Reporting Negative EPS*

Previous research suggests that the annual distribution of EPS lacks a kink which is viewed as evidence against earnings management. However, a recent paper argues that earnings management is better inferred from the change in the distribution during the fourth quarter, rather than from the shape of the annual distribution itself. We examine changes in the distribution of EPS during the fourth quarter and find that firms with small cumulative EPS losses after three quarters shift abnormally to achieve positive EPS, suggesting that firms manipulate earnings to convert small negative EPS to small positive EPS.
Oxygen Dynamics in Trichodesmium spp. Aggregates

Oxygen concentrations measured within, and surrounding aggregates of the planktonic diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. are the product of the balance of the relative rates of photosynthetic O2 production and a number of O2 consuming mechanisms. These O2 consuming mechanisms may be grouped into those operating at: 1) the physiological level of the Trichodesmium trichomes themselves (physiological mechanisms), 2) the level of the hydrodynamical and diffusive effects of aggregate size and shape (physical mechanisms), and 3) the level of the O2 budget of the entire community of organisms (including microheterotrophs) that occur within these aggregates (community mechanisms). Changes in the balance of production of O2 from photosynthesis and removal of oxygen from these mechanisms result in aggregate internal oxygen concentrations (under conditions of saturating irradiance) which range from anaerobic to over 500 μM O2. Irradiance at sub-saturating levels would push the oxygen balance towards net O2 consumption by the aggregates whereas reduced O2 consumption would result in net O2 evolution by the aggregates. Net oxygen evolution by aggregates is possible throughout the diel cycle, and some diel changes in the net oxygen flux from the aggregates are seen. Large differences are observed in the O2 flux from aggregates of T. thiebautii and T. erythraeum at the same time of day, the former being a greater net producer of O2. The observed individuality of O2 dynamics suggests that photosynthetic performance, and O2 consumption vary appreciably among aggregates on population and community levels. The observed differences in O2 dynamics may be related to the relative diazotrophic cability of individual aggregates.
Cobalamins and Cobinamides Inhibit Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzymatic Activity.

Abstract Cobalamins (Cbl) serve as important co-factors for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-coA mutase. They also can block the activities of nitric oxide (NO), as the cobalt binds NO and quenches its bioactivity. NO plays very important roles in normal physiology and in various pathologic processes. NO is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS), enzymes that convert L-arginine to L-citrulline and NO. We postulated that various corrin derivatives (e.g., cobalamins or cobinamides) would inhibit the enzymatic activity of NO synthase (NOS) by directly interacting with NOS. We used purified, recombinant neuronal NOS (NOS1) and inducible NOS (NOS2) in in vitro assays measuring conversion of 14-C-L-arginine to 14-C-L-citrulline. Results showed that hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl), cobinamide (Cbi), and dicyanocobinamide (CN2Cbi) were potent NOS1 and NOS2 inhibitors, while cyanocobalamin had much less activity. In general, NOS1 was inhibited more actively than was NOS2, but both were inhibited over 80% by the agents. Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin had very little ability to inhibit NOS activity, but light illumination of these two compounds (a process that liberates the methyl and adenosyl groups from cobalamin, generating OH-Cbl) “activated” them so that they had inhibitory activity comparable to native OH-Cbl Dose (uM) for 50% inhibition of purified NOS activity (ID50) OH-Cbl Cbi CN2Cbi CN-Cbl AdoCbl (dark) Ado-Cbl (light) NOS1 5.7 15.0 0.2 72.0 498.0 6.4 NOS2 21.1 50.0 2.3 1620.0 2148.0 60.0 We examined the interactions of NOS2 with cobalamins and cobinamides by spectroscopy. Under reduced conditions, oxygen binds to the NOS heme iron, a step that is obligatory for the NO synthesis catalytic cycle. Carbon monoxide (CO, which serves as an oxygen mimic) causes a marked change in the NOS spectrum under reduced conditions. CN2Cbi markedly diminished the CO-induced spectral changes in NOS2, indicating that CN2-Cbi likely blocks binding of CO to the NOS2 oxygenase domain under reduced conditions. This suggests that CN2Cbi-mediated inhibition of NOS activity is due to blocking of oxygen binding to heme, a step required for the NOS catalytic cycle. When we incubated OH-Cbl or CN2Cbi with cells of the mouse macrophage cell line J774 activated with interferon-gamma and endotoxin to produce NO, there was a dose-dependent inhibition of NO production. While certain cobalamins and cobinamides have been previously noted to bind and quench/scavenge the actions of preformed NO, we show here for the first time that cobalamins and cobinamides can potently inhibit the enzymatic function of NOS and synthesis of NO. These agents (or their derivatives) might serve as NOS inhibitors for treatment of various conditions. Also, native tissue cobalamins and cobinamides might act as important regulators of NOS activity in normal and pathological conditions in vivo.
Abstract 365: Increased Plasma Cholesterol Esterification by Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase Prevents Dysfunction of Red Blood Cells and Platelets and Protects from Development of Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis

IntroductionFree cholesterol plays a vital role in maintaining cell membrane fluidity and function. Elevated levels of cholesterol in red blood cells (RBC) and platelets have been demonstrated to i...
Stakeholder evaluation of an online program to promote physical activity and workplace safety for individuals with disability

Individuals with disabilities face increasing health and employment disparities, including increased risk of morbidity and mortality and decreased earnings, occupational roles, and greater risk of injury at work. Thus, there is a need to improve workplace safety and health promotion efforts for people with disability. The purpose of this study was to obtain stakeholder feedback about an online program, Be Active, Work Safe, which was developed to increase the physical activity and workplace safety practices of individuals with disability. Eight stakeholders (content experts and individuals with disability) evaluated the 8-week online program and provided feedback on accessibility, usability, and content using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Stakeholders suggested changes to the organization, layout and accessibility, and content. This included making a stronger connection between the physical activity and workplace safety components of the program, broadening content to apply to individuals in different vocational fields, and reducing the number of participant assessments. Engaging stakeholders in the development of health promotion programs is critical to ensure the unique issues of the population are addressed and facilitate engagement in the program. Feedback provided by stakeholders improved the program and provided insight on barriers for adoption of the program.
The Chukchi Slope Current

Abstract Using a collection of 46 shipboard hydrographic/velocity transects occupied across the shelfbreak and slope of the Chukchi Sea between 2002 and 2014, we have quantified the existence of a current transporting Pacific-origin water westward over the upper continental slope. It has been named the Chukchi slope current, which is believed to emanate from Barrow Canyon. The current is surface-intensified, order 50 km wide, and advects both summer and winter waters. It is not trapped to a particular isobath, but instead is reminiscent of a free jet. There is no significant variation in Pacific water transport with distance from Barrow Canyon. A potential vorticity analysis suggests that the flow is baroclinically unstable, consistent with the notion that it meanders. The current is present during all synoptic wind conditions, but increases in strength from summer to fall presumably due to the seasonal enhancement of the easterly winds in the region. Its transport increased over the 12-year period of data coverage, also likely in response to wind forcing. In the mean, the slope current transports 0.50 ± 0.07 Sv of Pacific water. This estimate allows us to construct a balanced mass budget of the Chukchi shelf inflows and outflows. Our study also confirms the existence of an eastward-flowing Chukchi shelfbreak jet transporting 0.10 ± 0.03 Sv of Pacific water towards Barrow Canyon.
Comparison of normothermic and hypothermic perfusion in porcine kidneys donated after cardiac death.

Abstract Background Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is an alternative strategy for preserving kidneys donated after cardiac death (DCD). The relative efficacy of prolonged NMP compared to hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in DCD kidneys with moderate ischemic injury is undetermined. This study compares NMP and HMP kidney preservation in a porcine DCD model. Methods Ten porcine kidneys underwent NMP or HMP preservation following 45 minutes of warm ischemia and 5 hours of cold ischemia. After 8 hours of machine preservation, hemodynamic stability, renal function, perfusate biomarkers, and histologic integrity were assessed in a simulated reperfusion model. Results During simulated reperfusion, no differences were observed in oxygen consumption, urine production, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of sodium, proteinuria, and perfusate levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Resistance was no different after 30 minutes of simulated reperfusion. Histologically, NMP kidneys demonstrated increased vacuolization after preservation and greater loss of tubular integrity after simulated reperfusion. Perfusate levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were higher in NMP kidneys during preservation, but upon simulated reperfusion, AP and GGT levels were higher in HMP-preserved kidneys. Peak AP and GGT during simulated reperfusion of HMP kidneys were over 14 times higher than peak AP and GGT during preservation of NMP kidneys. Conclusions NMP provided comparable preservation of renal function as HMP and minimized AP and GGT release upon reperfusion.
From electron and nuclei to atoms to molecules to macromolecules

Biomolecular simulations are a bit like the tip of an iceberg, indeed their base goes very deep. Let us start down at the bottom and move to the top, considering for example the problem of protein folding or other problems in S.A.R. with water, proteins and nucleic acids. There are a number of possible starting points but we shall emphasize a specific one, called "Global Simulation Approach". First with quantum mechanics we assemble atoms starting from nuclei and electrons (Notice that for heavy atoms we need relativistic quantum mechanics). Then from atoms we build molecules again using quantum mechanics. We shall present C60 and nitrogonase as examples. Then we can move to molecular dynamics either classical or quantum (for example with the Carr-Parrinello approach). Examples arei)C60 cluster once more,ii)a simulation for 1000 water molecules with a new flexible, polarizable water- water potential (Niesar-Clementi-Corongiu), andiii)BPTI in solution.At this stage we would like to extend the scale of simulation time from pico to nanoseconds: this may be accomplished with stochastic dynamics simulations, based on molecular dynamic trajectories. Here we could stop for a moment! But instead let us now try a different path from the top down. We shall use neural networks to guess the structure of BPTI starting from its sequence and use this guess as input for stochastic dynamics. All this and much more will be available for MOTECC-91.
Translational geroscience: A new paradigm for 21st century medicine

Advances in geroscience are allowing scientists and clinicians, for the first time, to consider interventions aimed at directly targeting the hallmarks of aging. Unlike disease-specific approaches, such interventions have the potential to prevent multiple diseases of aging simultaneously, thereby greatly enhancing healthspan for most individuals. Initial clinical data indicates that geroprotective compounds such as rapamycin and metformin may be effective at delaying or reversing age-related disease in otherwise healthy elderly people and companion animals. Here I will provide an overview of the field of translational geroscience, which I believe will become the paradigm for the practice of medicine in the 21st century.
New military femininities: humanitarian violence and the gendered work of war among U.S. servicewomen

This article examines ‘military femininity’ in new gendered forms of labor employed by the U.S. military in the post-September 11 wars. Between 2003 and 2013, when women were technically banned fro...
Organizing to rule: structure, agent, and explaining presidential management styles in Africa

ABSTRACTRecent studies of comparative presidentialism have emphasized the importance of informal relationships between presidents and other political actors in explaining how presidents build governing coalitions. What has generally been under-investigated in the literature is how the characteristics of “presidents as agents” impact how they interact with other political actors – in particular, how presidents relate to their cabinets in terms of turnover and inclusiveness. We hypothesize that presidents who were former rebel leaders will behave very differently from presidents that do not have such backgrounds. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from 36 countries that are classified either as presidential or semi-presidential systems in Africa with 93 individual presidential administrations from 1990 to 2009. We found that presidents who were former rebel leaders were less likely to have major cabinet turnovers than other presidents. However, former rebel leaders did not have less politically inclu...
The Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Function: Solomon Experimental Design

No study has yet evaluated the effects of an acute 5-min bout of exercise (walking) on cognitive function, which was the purpose of our study. We employed a Solomon-4 experimental design, in which 22 young adult participants were included in each group. Participants in two groups (1 and 3) walked on a treadmill for 5 min at a self-selected intensity. We assessed cognitive function by means of the Trail Making B test. We observed no difference in cognitive function between the two assessments for the control group (group 2: 42.8 vs. 40.6 s), but found a significant effect for adults in group 1 (56.3 vs. 35.7 s), whose cognitive function was markedly improved after the 5-min bout of walking. This within-group by between-group interaction (change due to the treatment) was statistically significant (− 20.4 vs. − 2.2 s). A 5-min bout of walking at a self-selected intensity is associated with improved cognitive function. Given our observed interaction effect of the pretest and treatment (walking) on cognitive function, we encourage researchers to investigate the potential additive or synergistic effects of mental training and acute exercise on cognition.
Deep Learning Smart Microscope

We describe a microscope featuring artificial intelligence (AI), time stretch, quantitative phase imaging and optofluidics. Capturing images at 50 GigaPixels per seconds, the system has shown record performance in classification of cancer in blood.
Adolescent Mothers' Beliefs about Open Adoption:

This article assesses pregnant adolescents’ and adolescent mothers’ experience with and expectations about adoption, ratings of social and personal factors in their decision to keep or relinquish a...
RNA-Processing RNases in Mammalian Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on RNases involved in processing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and degrading messenger RNA (mRNA) in mammalian cells. The rRNA- and mRNA-processing/degrading enzymes are particularly interesting because of their efficiency and specificity. At each division the average mammalian cell must produce approximately 2 × 106 ribosomes from 50 to 1000 genes, and apparently does so with high efficiency, especially if it is growing exponentially. Each rRNA molecule (18S, 5.8S, and 28S) must be precisely cleaved from a 47S precursor. Similarly, mRNA-degrading enzymes distinguish among thousands of mRNAs whose half-lives range from a few minutes to days. Thus, one of the most intriguing questions about these RNases is how they recognize their substrates. This chapter tries to answer this question. The chapter discusses about rRNA-processing ribonucleases and endonucleolytic cleavage sites. The chapter elaborates endonucleolytic cleavage at site A3 in yeast by RNase mitochondrial RNA processing. The chapter discusses about 5′-exonucleolytic trimming of pre-5.8S(S) RNA by two yeast exoribonucleases. The chapter concludes with a discussion on mRNA-degrading ribonucleases.
Constipation: Evaluation and management

Constipation is a common symptom that can result from several disorders. Most patients with chronic constipation do not have a medical disorder contributing to the constipation and, therefore, require limited evaluation. Initial intervention should include dietary measures and fiber supplements; however, if fiber supplementation is ineffective, other agents can be used. Surgery should be reserved for patients who meet specific clinical criteria.
The status of geo-environmental health in Mississippi: Application of spatiotemporal statistics to improve health and air quality

Data enabled research with a spatial perspective may help to combat human diseases in an informed and cost-effective manner. Understanding the changing patterns of environmental degradation is essential to help in determining the health outcomes such as asthma of a community. In this research, Mississippi asthma-related prevalence data for 2003–2011 were analyzed using spatial statistical techniques in Geographic Information Systems. Geocoding by ZIP code, choropleth mapping, and hotspot analysis techniques were applied to map the spatial data. Disease rates were calculated for every ZIP code region from 2009 to 2011. The highest rates (4–5.5%) were found in Prairie in Monroe County for three consecutive years. Statistically significant hotspots were observed in urban regions of Jackson and Gulf port with steady increase near urban Jackson and the area between Jackson and meridian metropolis. For 2009–2011, spatial signatures of urban risk factors were found in dense population areas, which was confirmed from regression analysis of asthma patients with population data (linear increase of R2 = 0.648, as it reaches a population size of 3,5000 per ZIP code and the relationship decreased to 59% as the population size increased above 3,5000 to a maximum of 4,7000 per ZIP code). The observed correlation coefficient (r) between monthly mean O3 and asthma prevalence was moderately positive during 2009–2011 (r = 0.57). The regression model also indicated that 2011 annual PM2.5 has a statistically significant influence on the aggravation of the asthma cases (adjusted R-squared 0.93) and the 2011 PM2.5 depended on asthma per capita and poverty rate as well. The present study indicates that Jackson urban area and coastal Mississippi are to be observed for disease prevalence in future. The current results and GIS disease maps may be used by federal and state health authorities to identify at-risk populations and health advisory.
Studies of Implosion and Radiative Properties of Tungsten Planar Wire Arrays on Michigan’s Linear Transformer Driver Pulsed-Power Generator

Wire arrays were widely studied as loads for Z-pinch generators in order to be used for multiple scientific applications. More recently, tungsten double planar wire arrays (DPWAs), which consist of two parallel planes of wires at a distance of a few millimeters, were suggested and tested for indirect drive inertial confinement fusion. Tungsten DPWAs have previously demonstrated the highest (among planar wire arrays) radiation yield (up to 30 kJ), compact size (few millimeters), and strong electron beam production on university-scale high-impedance Marx bank Zebra generator at University of Nevada, Reno. During the last few years, we have reported on the outcome of the experiments with uniform and mixed Al and stainless steel DPWAs on the low-impedance linear transformer driver (LTD) Michigan accelerator for inductive Z-Pinch experiments (MAIZE) generator at University of Michigan. Here, we present the results of the most recent campaigns with tungsten DPWA loads, where the successful implosion of W wire arrays on a university-scale LTD MAIZE generator was demonstrated and analyzed. These implosions were recorded using filtered X-ray diodes, X-ray spectrometers, and pinhole cameras, and a 12-frame optical shadowgraphy system. In particular, tungsten DPWAs with a mass up to $87~\mu \text{g}$ /cm arranged in various configurations were successfully imploded at a peak current of 0.5 MA during ~190–215 ns. The experimentally estimated changes of tungsten DPWA plasma region inductance and total load inductance were correlated qualitatively in time with X-ray bursts. In addition, on shots that demonstrated strong plasma pinching process and Faraday cup signals time were correlated with the appearance of the minimum current-carrying radius of the plasma column. In addition, analysis of soft (4–7 A) and hard (1–2.4 A) line radiation indicate keV M-shell tungsten (W) plasma and the presence of electron beams.
MRI review of female pelvic fistulizing disease

A wide variety of fistulae occur in the female pelvis, most of which cause significant morbidity. Diagnosis, characterization, and treatment planning may be difficult using traditional imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy and computed tomography. To date, there is no comprehensive literature review of the radiologic findings associated with various types of female pelvic fistulae, and furthermore, none dedicated to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this article, we seek to provide a broad overview of the MRI characteristics of female pelvic fistulizing disease in combination with epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. MRI is often considered the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of fistulae owing to its superior soft-tissue contrast and ability to provide surgeons with the highest quality information derived from just one study, including anatomic location of fistulae and associated pelvic pathology. In other instances, MRI can be complementary to the more traditional imaging techniques. This review will describe the etiology, anatomy, MRI findings, and treatment pearls for several of the more common pelvic fistulae found in female patients, including anovaginal, rectovaginal, colovaginal, vesicovaginal, colovesical, and other complex fistulae. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1172-1184.
Practical Problems Related to Health Research Funding Decisions.

In their target article, “Health Research Priority Setting: The Duties of Individual Funders,” Pierson and Millum (2018) develop a comprehensive moral framework for allocating research resources an...
Decoupling simulation accuracy from mesh quality

For a given PDE problem, three main factors affect the accuracy of FEM solutions: basis order, mesh resolution, and mesh element quality. The first two factors are easy to control, while controlling element shape quality is a challenge, with fundamental limitations on what can be achieved.We propose to use p-refinement (increasing element degree) to decouple the approximation error of the finite element method from the domain mesh quality for elliptic PDEs.Our technique produces an accurate solution even on meshes with badly shaped elements, with a slightly higher running time due to the higher cost of high-order elements. We demonstrate that it is able to automatically adapt the basis to badly shaped elements, ensuring an error consistent with high-quality meshing, without any per-mesh parameter tuning. Our construction reduces to traditional fixed-degree FEM methods on high-quality meshes with identical performance.Our construction decreases the burden on meshing algorithms, reducing the need for often expensive mesh optimization and automatically compensates for badly shaped elements, which are present due to boundary constraints or limitations of current meshing methods. By tackling mesh generation and finite element simulation jointly, we obtain a pipeline that is both more efficient and more robust than combinations of existing state of the art meshing and FEM algorithms.
Optimizing Performance of GPU Applications with SM Activity Divergence Minimization

GPUs are nowadays major parts of high performance computing systems. They provide high rates of computation capabilities and are ideal for number crunching applications. Providing methods that will further boost GPU throughput can have a distinctive impact in computing and accelerate many operations. At the same time, continuous usage of computing systems raises the demand for hardware designs that will ensure system reliability and potentially improve performance during a system's lifetime. This paper presents an allocation method for GPU processing units that improves applications' throughput, even by 33%, without sacrificing usage homogeneity among the computing resources of the GPU, and minimizes reliability issues.
Culture and Deception: The Influence of Language and Societies on Lying

Russia is the largest geographic country, while China and India are nations that possess the greatest populations of citizens in the world. The influences of these nation-states and those of the Arab nations are vital to global politics. While deception is a well-established field of study, the influences of culture on deceptive communication tends to be less understood; however, cross-cultural deception is an emerging area of deception research. Current research paradigms show promise for incorporating cultural dynamics into their designs. This chapter examines what is already known about the intersection of culture and deception and provides recommendations for readers who want to incorporate concepts related to culture and language into their work.
Simultaneous Presentation to Decrease Packing in a Child With a Feeding Disorder

Children with feeding disorders may pack food (i.e., hold food in the mouth for a prolonged period of time). Treatments to target packing exist, including reinforcement contingencies, redistribution, and chasers, but these strategies are not always effective. Simultaneous presentation has also been used to reduce packing; however, it has not been faded out. The current study expanded this literature by using a treatment package, which included simultaneous presentation, to decrease packing in a 4-year-old boy with autism and food selectivity who packed nonpreferred foods. The simultaneous presentation component was then systematically faded out until generalization occurred.
Reproductive parameters from hand-reared springbok Antidorcas marsupialis: Short communication

Data from hand-reared springbok indicate an oestrus cycle of 16 (14 -17) days, and an anoestrus period in February. Ewes are covered 9 days after lambing. Accurate gestation periods of 174 and 180 days occurred. Weaning was found to occur at 120 -122 days. Young ewes conceived at the age of 43 and 44 weeks. The ram first mated at the age of 24 months and it chased out young rams of 54 weeks of age from the mixed herds.
Procedural complications of inferior vena cava filter retrieval, an illustrated review.

Annually, approximately 65,000 inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are placed in the United States (Ahmed et al., J Am Coll Radiol 15:1553–1557, 2018). Approximately 35% of filters are eventually retrieved (Angel et al., J Vasc Interv Radiol 22: 1522–1530 e1523, 2011). Complications during filter retrieval depend heavily on technique and filter position. In this paper, we review risk factors and incidence of complications during IVC filter removal. We also discuss ways these complications could be avoided and the appropriate management if they occur.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An autopsy series with clinical and laboratory correlation

Abstract Background A subset of COVID-19 patients exhibit clinical features of cytokine storm. However, clinicopathologic features diagnostic of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have not been reported. Pathologic studies to date have largely focused on the pulmonary finding of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). To this aim, we study the reticuloendothelial organs of four consecutive patients dying of COVID-19 and correlate with clinical and laboratory parameters to detect HLH. Methods Autopsies restricted to chest and abdomen were performed on four patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Spleen, liver, and multiple pulmonary hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled in all cases. Bone marrow was obtained by rib squeeze in a subset of cases. Routine H&E staining as well as immunohistochemical staining for CD163 was performed to detect hemophagocytosis. Clinical and laboratory results from pre-mortem blood samples were used to calculate H-scores. Findings All four cases demonstrated DAD within the lungs. Three of the four cases had histologic evidence of hemophagocytosis within pulmonary hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes. One case showed hemophagocytosis in the spleen but none showed hemophagocytosis in liver or bone marrow. Lymphophagocytosis was the predominant form of hemophagocytosis observed. One patient showed diagnostic features of HLH with an H-score of 217 while a second patient was likely HLH with a partial H-score of 145 due to missing triglyceride level. Both patients exhibited high fever and early onset rise in serum ferritin; however, neither bicytopenia, pancytopenia, nor hypofibrinogenemia were observed in either. The remaining two patients had H-scores of 131 and 96. Interpretation This is the first report of SARS-CoV-2 associated HLH. Identification of HLH in a subset of patients with severe COVID-19 will inform clinical trials of therapeutic strategies.
Efficacy of the combination of fluorescence-guided surgery and adjuvant therapy in orthotopic nude mouse models of cancer

Abstract The aim of the presently-described studies was to determine if adjuvant chemotherapy or UV light therapy could increase the efficacy of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). In one study, in order to develop a model for bone metastatic prostate cancer, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing PC-3 human prostate cancer cells (PC-3-GFP) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia. Half of the mice underwent FGS; the other mice underwent bright-light surgery (BLS). Half of BLS and FGS mice received adjuvant zoledronic acid (ZOL). FGS reduced recurrent cancer growth compared with BLS. Although FGS alone had no significant effect on disease-free survival (DFS), ZOL in combination with FGS significantly increased DFS in comparison with the combination of BLS and ZOL. In another study, in order to develop a model for FGS of osteosarcoma, 143B human osteosarcoma cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were injected into the intramedullary cavity of the tibia in nude mice. Half of the mice underwent FGS; the other mice underwent BLS. Half of BLS and FGS mice received cisplatinum (CDDP). The BLS-treated mice and BLS+CDDP-treated mice had a significant recurrence. In contrast, the FGS mice and FGS+CDDP mice had very little recurring tumor growth. The FGS-treated mice had a significantly higher DFS rate than the BLS-treated mice. The FGS+CDDP-treated mice had significantly higher DFS rate than the BLS+CDDP-treated mice. In another study, orthotopic implantation of human MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells expressing GFP, in nude mice, BLS was performed on all tumor-bearing mice. After BLS, mice were randomized into three treatment groups; BLS-only or FGS or FGS-UVC irradiation. The residual tumors were resected under fluorescence navigation. The surgical resection bed was irradiated with UVC in the mice treated with FGS. The BLS-treated mice had significantly reduced survival compared to FGS- and FGS-UVC–treated mice for both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). FGS-UVC–treated mice had increased RFS and OS compared to FGS-only treated mice. In conclusion, combining FGS and adjuvant therapy is a very powerful approach to tumor resection and eradication.
Abstract PO-129: Using the castration resistant prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model to identify mRNA/miRNA biomarkers which distinguish abiraterone treatment responders and non-responders

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer occurring in men in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Median survival for patients with metastatic hormone refractory PCa (HRPC/CRPC) is around 18 months. Abiraterone (Abi) is a next-generation androgen receptor targeting agent which has significant effects on PCa patients9 survival, and has been approved for treatment of metastatic and CRPC. However, it is clear that there is development of Abi resistance (Abi-R). Abi inhibits the steroidogenic enzyme CYP17A1, a critical enzyme in androgen biosynthesis in the adrenals, testis as well as tumor tissues. To screen and identify biomarkers (genes and microRNA (miRNA)) for Abi-R in a heterogenous tumor, we used patient derived PCa xenograft animal model (PCa-PDX mice). Recent advances in the development of PDX models and their increasing sophistication have led to their escalating use for anticancer drug research and development, and as predictive clinical models. Hence, for the correct identification of Abi-R markers, we proposed using PCa-PDX animal model (PDX mice). We hypothesized that changes in miRNA expression underlie Abi resistance (Abi-R) mechanisms. Each tumor bearing mouse was castrated resulting in tumor regression followed by regrowth/relapse phase. Mice were then treated with Abi. The tumors were collected either once they regressed (called CRABS), or reinoculated into castrated host if they showed continued growth. The new host was treated with Abi once tumors reached 50-300 mm3. Tumors were harvested when they reached a volume of ~600-800 mm3 (CRABR2). The RNA was extracted from tumors using the miRvana kits, and RNA/miRNA-seq performed. We compared the Abi sensitive vs the Abi resistant (CRABR2) groups, to identify 316 genes and 55 miRNA whose expression was significantly changed between these two groups. We used Venn diagrams to overlap the validated gene targets for the miRNA (5,557 genes) with our 316 gene dataset. 85 common genes were identified, of which 63 genes were validated targets of hsa-miR-335 (1.7 fold in CRABS vs CRABR2), and 8 genes were validated targets of hsa-miR-574 (0.4 fold in CRABS vs CRABR2). Hsa-miR-335 has been previously identified to function as a candidate tumor suppressor in PCa. Reduced expression of miR-335 was found in human PCa tissues comparing with paired adjacent benign prostate tissues (P Citation Format: Bin Ouyang, Dan Song, Jacek Biesiada, Yan Ren, Mario Medvedovic, Pheruza Tarapore. Using the castration resistant prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model to identify mRNA/miRNA biomarkers which distinguish abiraterone treatment responders and non-responders [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-129.
Shifting Sands Whilst Sifting for Profits: Evolving Patterns of Firm Size and Performance of U.S. Public Firms

Research Summary: Firm size has long been recognized as a source of competitive advantage. However, the disruptions arising from the knowledge-based global economy are decoupling the link between firm size and profitability. We demonstrate in this article, the structural shifts and evolving patterns in the U.S. industrial economy by capturing the emerging disconnect in the relationships between firm size, growth, and financial performance across multiple industries with a long-range COMPUSTAT panel data. We highlight the emerging challenges to the field of management from the paradigm shifts occurring due to the disruptive technologies, broadening global competition, dynamic consumer trends, and volatile financial markets for the past three decades. We further discuss the implications for corporate strategy, governance, and organization. Managerial Implications: Although it has been a well-established notion that large organizations with more capital and assets will enjoy the advantages of high profitability, in recent times, the large firms are increasingly experiencing the financial crisis. The widening gap between firm size, capital structure and, profitability for the past three decades implies increased risk to long-term investors. The trodden path of mergers and acquisitions for quick growth, consolidation, or diversification is not translating into long-term shareholder value. Given the disruptive technologies, shortened product life cycles, and continuously changing industry structures, firms’ growth strategy must incorporate the agility, speed, and responsiveness. Firms need to build trust-driven, symbiotic, and dis-aggregated form of organization and reconfigure the value chain to reduce both coordination cost and investment risk.
Improvements in stem cell to beta-cell differentiation for the treatment of diabetes

Abstract Since the generation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, regenerative cell-based approaches for the treatment of diabetes have gained popularity. One strategy is to generate an unlimited source of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells. As such, major effort continues to be placed in creating efficient differentiation protocols that generate functional β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. In this review, I provide the historical context of stem cell differentiation protocols towards the aim of generating functional β-like cells. I also highlight recent advancements in differentiation protocols, including enrichment of cell populations using cell surface markers, suspension culture to mimic in vivo development, and the importance of hippo signalling in endocrine cell fate. I conclude by suggesting future endeavors that have the potential to further improve differentiation protocols to achieve the ultimate goal of a cell-replacement therapy for diabetes.
Hydroxocobalamin and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe refractory shock in bupropion and citalopram overdose: a case report

Management of refractory shock in the setting of overdose can be challenging. We describe a case of vasodilatory and cardiogenic shock after bupropion and citalopram overdose. Vasopressors and conv...
Efficacy of water skin decontamination in vivo in humans: A systematic review

With the constant possibility of occupational exposures, chemical warfare, and targeted attacks, increased attention has been given to determining effective and timely dermal decontamination strategies. This systematic review summarises experimental studies reporting decontamination with water-based solutions of dermal chemical contaminants with in vivo human data. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched using search terms ("cutaneous" or "skin" or "dermal" or "percutaneous") and ("decontamination" or "decontaminant" or "skin decontamination") to include 10 studies, representing 18 chemical contaminants, 199 participants, and 351 decontamination outcomes. Three studies included data from decontamination with water (10.8%, n = 38/351 decontamination outcomes), seven with soap and water (68.4%, n = 240/351 decontamination outcomes), and two with 10% isopropanol distilled water (20.8%, n = 73/351 decontamination outcomes). Results of dermal decontamination using water showed complete decontamination (CD) outcomes in 52.6% (n = 20/38) and partial decontamination (PD) in 47.4% (n = 18/38); using soap and water showed PD outcomes in 92.9% (n = 223/240) and minimal to no effect in 7.1% (n = 17/240); and using 10% isopropanol distilled water achieved PD outcomes in 100.0% (n = 73/73). Available data show that decontamination with water, soap and water, and 10% isopropanol distilled water is incomplete. Much remains to be learned about decontamination of the large variety of chemical contaminants including a range of molecular weights, lipid and water solubilities, melting points, volatility, and hydrogen bonds, as well as clinically relevant anatomic sites. A major void exists in data confirming or denying the completeness of decontamination by measuring absorption and excretion. The development of effective decontamination solutions is of high priority.
Will China relocate its labor-intensive factories to Africa, flying-geese style?

In its quest for oil and minerals, China has developed increasingly close economic relations with Africa through investment and aid. The World Bank recently called upon China to transplant labo-int...
Loop Gain-Phase Shaping Design of SISO Robust Controllers Having Mixed Uncertainty

This paper discusses the extension of the loop gain-phase shaping (LGPS) techniques of QFT to SISO robust controller design for mixed uncertainty situations: that is, processes having both parametric and non-parametric uncertainty. The mixed uncertainty problem leads to a set of frequency dependent high frequency stability boundaries replacing the traditional (single) universal high frequency boundary considered in [1]. In the presence of these new frequency dependent, high frequency boundaries the existence of a LGPS solution becomes problematical - even in the case of minimum phase stable plants. We will outline the modified LGPS problem, describe new CAD software for its formalation and solution and present a simple test that can be used to indicate the existence of solutions to the fitting problem. An example demonstrates the application of these tools and techniques in the design of a robust controller for a motion control systems with uncertain resonances.
Credit Union to Mutual Conversion : Do Rates Diverge?

This study conducts a cross-sectional analysis of 175 depository institutions, assessing the impact on the interest rates charged on loan products and offered on savings products by the size of the institution, its liquidity, its net worth, its tax and salary payments, and its status as a for-profit institution, a credit union, or a converted credit union. We find that banks and converted credit unions have interest rates significantly less favorable for consumers than credit unions, suggesting that a credit union converting will result in adverse interest rate movements for its customers.
Thermal and Creep Effects in Work-Hardening Elastic-Plastic Solids

EXTREMUM PRINCIPLES GOVERNING the isothermal deformation of a work-hardening elastic-plastic solid have been given by Hodge and Prager and Hill. In the present note it is shown how these principles can be extended to include thermal and creep effects. Using rectangular Cartesian coordinates xt (i = 1, 2, 3), denote the infinitesimal displacement from the s tandard state by uh the infinitesimal strain by eij} the stress by aij} the mean normal stress by a, and the stress deviation by s y . The mean normal stress is defined as