cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large-Area Growth and Stability of Monolayer Gallium Monochalcogenides for Optoelectronic Devices

Group III monochalcogenides such as GaSe and GaS have attracted considerable interest as two-dimensional (2D) alternatives to the traditional transition metal dichalcogenides. The production of large-area films as well as the long-term ambient stability remains a challenge for scalable integration of these materials into the next generation of 2D circuitry and optoelectronic devices. In this report, a simple atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition method is proposed to synthesize continuous monolayers of GaSe and GaS. The proposed method utilizes commercially available precursors and does not requires vacuum-sealed ampules or exfoliation. The optimal parameters for continuous monolayer self-limited growth were determined by systematically changing the growth time, the gas flow rate, and the amount of precursors. So far, the study of bare monolayer GaSe by Raman spectroscopy has been difficult due to the very low Raman signal and a rapid laser-induced oxidation of the material. A laser-scanning method that minimizes the cumulative laser damage and allows a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio was utilized to study the time-dependent ambient stability of bare and encapsulated monolayer samples by Raman spectroscopy. Our results reveal that bare GaSe monolayers can stand up to 6 h in air before complete degradation, and encapsulation with transparent polymeric films can delay this process for few days. These results open the door to produce large-area films of monolayer group III monochalcogenides and to consider film encapsulation with different transparent polymers that could further extend the long-term durability of these ambient sensitive 2D materials.
Mitigating the Impact of Thermal Binder Removal for Direct Li-Ion Battery Recycling

Li-ion battery recycling will become critical to the management of end-of-life batteries from electric vehicles. Currently, it is a challenge to create a profitable recycling process, which is made...
Evaluation of satellite retrievals of liquid clouds from the GOES-13 imager and MODIS over the midlatitude North Atlantic during the NAAMES campaign

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of cloud droplet effective radius ( re ) and optical depth ( τ ) from the Thirteenth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-13) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua and Terra, based on the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project algorithms, are evaluated with airborne data collected over the midlatitude boundary layer during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES). The airborne dataset comprises in situ re from the Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) and remotely sensed re and τ from the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). GOES-13 and MODIS (Aqua and Terra) re values are systematically greater than those from the CDP and RSP by at least 4.8 (GOES-13) and 1.7 µm (MODIS) despite relatively high linear correlation coefficients ( r=0.52 –0.68). In contrast, the satellite τ underestimates its RSP counterpart by −3.0 , with r=0.76 –0.77. Overall, MODIS yields better agreement with airborne data than GOES-13, with biases consistent with those reported for subtropical stratocumulus clouds. While the negative bias in satellite τ is mostly due to the retrievals having been collected in highly heterogeneous cloud scenes, the causes for the positive bias in satellite re , especially for GOES-13, are more complex. Although the high viewing zenith angle ( ∼65 ∘ ) and coarser pixel resolution for GOES-13 could explain a re bias of at least 0.7 µm , the higher GOES-13 re bias relative to that from MODIS is likely rooted in other factors. In this regard, a near-monotonic increase was also observed in GOES-13 re up to 1.0 µm with the satellite scattering angle ( Θ ) over the angular range 116–165 ∘ ; that is, re increases toward the backscattering direction. Understanding the variations of re with Θ will require the combined use of theoretical computations along with intercomparisons of satellite retrievals derived from sensors with dissimilar viewing geometry.
Alloreactive T Cell Clones

T cell clones are useful models for studying lymphocyte function both at the level of the individual cell and in interacting systems. Murine cytolytic and non-cytolyic T cell clones have been obtained with relative ease, and the particular procedure used to derive and maintain T cell clones may influence profoundly the characteristics of the resulting cells. The method of choice depends on the specific question to be asked.
Decision Theoretic Methods Applied to Fault Detection using Features from State Models

A technique is introduced for generating time domain estimates of system behavior that can be used for detecting faults by decision theoretic methods. A discrete-time method is shown for generating state models and feature vectors from strictly empirical process observations.
Process patterns for COTS-Based development

Software development is increasingly moving away from processes to compose pure-custom software from lines of code, toward processes for assessment, tailoring and integration of COTS or other reusable components with each other and with custom code. Beyond that, there are large variations within COTS based applications (CBA) processes that make a one-size-fits-all COTS process model unworkable. In previous work, we developed a general CBA process framework that provides guidance covering the wide range of possible CBA processes. Here, we provide more particular process patterns that we have identified in analyzing the first 9 projects to use the general CBA process framework, along with refinements of the general framework. These include three levels of process patterns: lifecycle patterns, activity patterns, and workflow patterns.
Set-Term Unification in a Logic Database Language

Deterministic, parallel set-term unification algorithms for higher-order logic-based database languages, of which set terms have the commutative and idempotent properties, are lacking. As a result, an efficient, deterministic inference mechanism that can be used to determine answers to queries of these database languages is non-existent. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a set-term unification approach for LDL/NR, a higher-order logic database language. Our approach not only computes all generalized ground unifiers of two given set terms in LDL/NR without duplicates, but also takes advantage of existing multiple processors for (potentially) computing all these unifiers in parallel.
Sorting in a General Equilibrium On-the-Job Search Model

In this paper, I analyze a general equilibrium on-the-job search model with endogenous search intensity and heterogenous workers and firms. I provide proof of existence and uniqueness of steady state equilibrium. In equilibrium equally efficient search on and off the job and supermodularity of the production function imply that higher skilled workers are matched with more productive firms in the sense that the steady state firm productivity distribution is stochastically increasing in worker skill. By implication, higher skilled workers on average match with more productive firms (that is, E[p|h] is increasing in h, where h is worker skill and p is firm productivity). In this sense, the positive assortative matching result in Becker (1973) is shown to generalize to this paper's search friction setting. However, the positive assortative matching result does not generalize given the reverse conditioning; it need not be that E[h|p] is everywhere increasing in p.
Release of transfer ribonucleic acid from ribosomes. A G factor and guanosine triphosphate-dependent reaction.

Abstract The heat-stable factor which was responsible for the release of tRNA from ribosomes has been identified as G factor. The release of tRNA specific for phenylalanine from 70 S ribosomes is inhibited by β,γ-methyleneguanosine triphosphate. The G factor-dependent release was not observed when the acceptor site was not occupied with tRNA or peptidyl-tRNA. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the release of tRNA specific for phenylalanine takes place as a consequence of translocation of tRNA because tRNA is pushed out of ribosomes during this process.
Computer-based brief intervention a randomized trial with postpartum women.

Background Drug use among parenting women is a significant risk factor for a range of negative child outcomes, including exposure to violence, child maltreatment, and child behavior problems. Implementation of brief interventions with this population may be greatly facilitated by computer-based interventions. Design Randomized clinical trial with 4-month follow-up. Setting/participants Participants were 107 postpartum women recruited from an urban obstetric hospital primarily serving a low-income population. Women were randomized into assessment only versus assessment plus brief intervention conditions; 76 (71%) returned for follow-up evaluation. Intervention A 20-minute, single-session, computer-based motivational intervention (based on motivational interviewing methods), combined with two nontailored mailings and voucher-based reinforcement of attendance at an initial intake/treatment session. Main outcome measures Illicit drug use as measured by qualitative urinalysis and self-report. Results Frequency of illicit drug use other than marijuana increased slightly for the control group, but declined among intervention group participants ( p d =0.50); the magnitude of intervention effects on changes in marijuana use frequency was similar, but did not reach statistical significance. Point-prevalence analysis at follow-up did not show significant group differences in drug use. However, trends under a range of assumptions regarding participants lost to follow-up all favored the intervention group, with most effect sizes in the moderate range (odds ratios 1.4 to 4.7). Conclusions Results tentatively support the efficacy of this high-reach, replicable brief intervention. Further research should seek to replicate these findings and to further develop the computer as a platform for validated brief interventions.
Influence of Moisture Absorption and Elevated Temperature on the Dynamic Behavior of Resin Matrix Composites: Preliminary Results

The objective of this research is to experimentally determine the effects of moisture absorption and elevated temperature on the dynamic flexural behavior of resin matrix composite beams. Trend information obtained under two limiting environmental conditions-dry at room temperature [25°C, 77°F] and fully moisture-saturated at 93°C (200°F)-is presented for graphite/epoxy beams of three distinct layups. The data have been obtained by transient excitation of the fundamental vibration mode of cantilever specimens. The results indicate that stiffness is reversibly altered in matrix-controlled modes of deformation and that damping characteristics are altered substantially in both fiber and matrix-controlled modes due to environmental conditioning.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander

In a time when Americans whisper when race is mentioned and eyes shift to the floor when race is brought up in an ethnically mixed crowd, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorbli...
The emotional and social intelligences of effective leadership: An emotional and social skill approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a framework for conceptualizing the role of emotional and social skills in effective leadership and management and provides preliminary suggestions for research and for the development of leader emotional and social skills.Design/methodology/approach – The paper generalizes a dyadic communications framework in order to describe the process of emotional and social exchanges between leaders and their followers.Findings – The paper shows how emotional skills and complementary social skills are essential for effective leadership through a literature review and discussion of ongoing research and a research agenda.Practical implications – Suggestions for the measurement and development of emotional and social skills for leaders and managers are offered.Originality/value – The work provides a framework for emotional and social skills in order to illustrate their role in leadership and their relationship to emotional and social intelligences. It outlines a resear...
Development and application of data collection forms for post-earthquake surveys of structural damage and human casualties

To reduce loss of life and injury resulting from earthquakes, the relationship between earthquake-induced building failure and injury severity and distribution needs to be clarified. For this purpose, a series of data collection forms were developed to collect pertinent data for post-event analysis and to provide a basis for structural triage in the field shortly following an earthquake for search and rescue purposes. A companion paper described the identification of variables affecting the outcome of an occupant of a damaged building and the classification of these variables into three levels of priority for data collection. This paper continues the development by describing the design of the data collection forms and the application of the forms to damaged buildings from past earthquakes. These forms represent a significant departure from existing forms in that they consider both casualties and building damage jointly, and in a consistent format.
Discontinuation of Alprazolam after successful treatment of panic disorder: a naturalistic follow-up study

Low rates of benzodiazepine discontinuation have been seen in long- term outcome studies of alprazolam-treated panic disorder. Discontinuation studies reveal high rates of relapse when alprazolam is stopped. Available data may lack rele- vance to clinical practice, however, because drug taper rates are often more rapid than those used in many clinical settings. In order to obtain naturalistic data on the long- term course of alprazolam treatment of panic, we obtained follow-up data on 18 of 20 patients who had been enrolled one to two years earlier in a study of alprazolam effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. The HPA protocol provided measures of symptom severity, biological markers, and short-term treatment response (12 weeks). Routine clinical care was then provided, with dosage adjust- ments dictated by individual clinical needs. The follow-up study repeated clinical measures at a mean of 21 months after initiation of treatment. AIprazolam was discon- tinued in 78% of patients. Relapse occurred in 36% of these. At follow-up, 61% were medication-free. Only 28% were on a benzodiazepine. The four patients remaining on alprazokrm were on reduced doses and had maintained clinical gains. HPA axis activi- ty did not predict dose or outcome. Factors related to successful alprazohun discontin- uation are discussed. Alprazolam is now an approved treatment for panic disorder, but discontin- uation difficulties raise concerns about the long-term course of alprazolam- treated patients. Complications of alprazolam discontinuation include the fol- lowing: (a) relapse, which is the recurrence of the anxiety symptoms for which treatment was originally sought; (b) rebound, which is relapse in which symp- tom intensity exceeds pretreatment baselines; and (c) withdrawal, which is the occurrence of specific symptoms associated with benzodiazepine discontinua- tion that were not present prior to treatment (Pecknold et al., 1988). Discontinuation studies have demonstrated high rates of all three phenomena Patients described in this follow-up study entered treatment via a biological research protocol that was supported in part by a research grant from The Upjohn Company and in part by Clinical Research Center grant MOlRROOO42. We are indebted to Pamela B. Schweitzer, M.S., for the excellent clinical care she provided to many of the patients. Address correspondence to James L. Abelson, M.D., Ph.D., University of Michigan Medical Center/Box 0840, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0840.
A phase transition in a one-dimensional lattice of axisymmetric bodies: A model for monomolecular films

Abstract This work was motivated by recent experiments that show the “liquid-expanded” to “liquid-condensed” phase transition to be first order for monolayers of pentadecanoic acid spread on water. The partition function was studied for an array of axisymmetric, hard bodies (capped cylinders, etc.) with each fixed at the head on a regular one-dimensional lattice. Other possibilities, such as the heads of molecules being randomly distributed on a one-dimensional line, are also being discussed. We report results specifically for a system of thin, hard rods. We show necessary and sufficient conditions for a first order transition to occur in the thermodynamic limit: there is only one transition in the lattice model and that happens when the spacing parameter is the length of the rod. As expected there is no phase transition when the rod is contracted to a point.
The conscience and convenience of sentencing reform in Indiana

Over the course of the past decade and a half, enormous energy and talent have been devoted to the issue of determinate sentencing. Yet today we know little about the values underlying this reform, and we know even less about the efficacy of determinate sentencing as a crime control policy. This article considers these issues in Indiana 10 years after the renovation of the state's Penal Code. Through a survey of state legislators, an examination of law, official statistics, and personal interview data, the analysis endeavors to understand the ideologies, pragmatics, and impacts of sentencing reform. It is suggested that the implementation of determinate sentencing represents a corruption of both good intentions ("conscience)" and policy objectives. Parenthetically, the article argues that the constructs known as the crime control model and the justice model both constitute a case of arid scholasticism. That is, sentencing reform can be more fully understood in terms of organizational "convenience". Language: en
Tissue Response to Airbrasive Powder, to Pulverized Enamel and Dentin

XYJHEN the airbrasive technic for cavity preparation is used, there is alW ways a hazard that some of the powder, tooth substance, and old filling material will be inhaled or introduced into the adjacent gingival tissues. It seemed desirable, therefore, to investigate tissue reactions to these substances. According to specifications from the manufacturer of the airbrasive powder,* it contains A1203-94.56 per cent, Si02-2.23 per cent, TiO2-2.75 per cent, FeO-0.41 per cent, CaO-trace. The particle size is specified by the company to be between 10 to 50 microns (average, 40 microns). A cursory study of the powder smeared on a glass slide and placed under a microscope revealed that there were numerous particles present with particle size less than 10 microns, but no conclusive study was undertaken on particle size. One component of the formula, silica, is known to produce definite toxic effects resulting in a granulomatous reaction. The effect of aluminum oxide is controversial. It is claimed to be inert' by some investigators and toxic by others.2-4 That implanted teeth are gradually resorbed is well established, but no report could be found on the fate of finely pulverized enamel and dentin implanted into living tissues. In reaction to dust, particle size is a very important factor with increasing tendency for granulomatous reaction with smaller particle size.'
Searching in an Unknown Environment

Searching for a goal is a central and extensively studied problem in computer science. In classical searching problems, the cost of a search function is simply the number of queries made to an oracle that knows the position of the goal. In many robotics problems, as well as in problems from other areas, we want to charge a cost proportional to the distance between queries (e.g., the time required to travel between two query points). With this cost function in mind, the abstract problem known as thew-lane cow-path problem was designed. There are known optimal deterministic algorithms for the cow-path problem; we give the first randomized algorithm in this paper. We show that our algorithm is optimal for two paths (w=2) and give evidence that it is optimal for larger values ofw. Subsequent to the preliminary version of this paper, Kaoet al.(in“Proceedings, 5th ACM?SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithm,” pp. 372?381, 1994) have shown that our algorithm is indeed optimal for allw?2. Our randomized algorithm gives expected performance that is almost twice as good as is possible with a deterministic algorithm. For the performance of our algorithm, we also derive the asymptotic growth with respect tow?despite similar complexity results for related problems, it appears that this growth has never been analyzed.
POSSIBILITY OF PRODUCING SPIN-POLARIZED HYDROGEN ATOMS BY CHARGE-TRANSFER COLLISIONS WITH Xe.

It is argued that hydrogen atoms formed by charge-transfer reactions with Xe at 15-eV incoming proton energy could be spin polarized. A detailed numerical calculation of the charge-transfer probability and the spin-polarization fraction indicate that a spin polarization as large as 70% may occur while the charge-transfer probability is simultaneously 0.6.
Grain-Spacing of Alpha-Ray, Proton and Deuteron Tracks in Photographic Emulsions

A statistical study has been made of the grain-spacing of alpha-ray, deuteron and proton tracks in an Ilford $R2$ emulsion with standardized processing and viewing technique. The alpha-rays were from ThC and ThC' and the deuterons and protons from cyclotrons. A theoretical explanation of the difference in grain spacing is given and some applications of the technique in the study of cosmic rays and nuclear research.
Pattern Approach to Soft Tissue Tumors.

Over 150 types of soft tissue tumors are welldescribed in the medical literature. They are classifiedaccording to linesof differentiationby theWorld Health Organization and can be confusing to separate.Most authors offermaterial categorized by line of differentiation, whereas pathologists tend to diagnose based on histologic pattern. As such, in daily practice, we tend to note whether a tumor is, for example, myxoid or spindled as its keymorphologic characteristic, and then form our differential diagnosis accordingly. Thus, we would consider intramuscular myxoma and myxoid liposarcoma for a deep myxoid lesion even though one is formally classified as an adipose tissue tumor, whereas the other is not known to have a certain line of differentiation. Although Drs Fisher, Thway, and I have previously published a book offering this approach, we are so enthusiastic about this
Sexual Precedence Reduces the Perceived Legitimacy of Sexual Refusal: An Examination of Attributions Concerning Date Rape and Consensual Sex:

A hypothesis derived from marital rape laws suggests that women are perceived as obligated to have sex by precedence. Subjects who read a rape scenario were more likely to perceive that the resisting woman should have sex and less likely to label the act as rape if the couple had had coitus 10 times before (high precedence) than once or never An alternative hypothesis derived from the common law on `easements by prescription" suggests that sexual precedence should affect men and women equally. In a second study, either the man or the woman refused sex after foreplay. Men as well as women were perceived to be obligated by sexual precedence. Survey results are cited that show that male and female actors' compliant sexual behaviors are related to precedence. The results are explained as reflecting norms that function to preserve mutually satisfactory relationships.
IgA Nephropathy Associated With Disseminated Tuberculosis

• A 59-year-old man had disseminated tuberculosis and microscopic hematuria, red cell casts, and normal renal function. Renal biopsy revealed focal mesangial proliferation with exclusively IgA deposits, diagnostic of IgA nephropathy. After institution of antituberculous therapy, the urinary abnormalities resolved. There is evidence to suggest that tuberculosis, in addition to other conditions associated with mucosal exposure to antigens producing an IgA immune response, can result in IgA nephropathy. This glomerulopathy is reported as a potential renal complication of concurrent mycobacterial infection. (Arch Intern Med1985;145:554-556)
Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the incorporation and distribution of [Me-14C]methionine methyl in rat liver lecithins.

Abstract 1. 1. Castrated male rats were injected for 3 weeks with testosterone propionate (2 mg/week), estradiol benzoate (100 μg/week) or sesame oil alone (0.3 ml/week). They were injected intraperitoneally with 3.3 μC of [Me-14C]methionine per 100 g body weight 1 h before they were killed. 2. 2. Liver phosphatidylethanolamines and lecithins were separated by thin-layer chromatography, and radioactivity and fatty acids were determined. In addition, lecithins were separated, according to unsaturation, into tetraenes (mainly 20:4, but contained 22:5 and 22:6 fatty acids also), triene, diene, and monoene subfractions by AgNO3-silicic acid thin-layer chromatography, and counted. 3. 3. Estradiol increased the incorporation of the methyl label into the lecithins, whereas testosterone had neither a stimulatory nor inhibitory effect. 4. 4. Estradiol increased proportions of stearic acid and polyenoic acids (> 20:4) and decreased linoleic acid in liver lecithins as compared with the other groups. 5. 5. The largest part of the methyl label in the lecithins of all groups was in the tetraene subfraction (> 65%) which also had the highest specific activity. The next largest portion was in the diene subfraction. The methyl label incorporation into the lecithin subfractions was closely associated with the amount of a given fraction in the total lecithins. 6. 6. Estradiol increased the stearic acid content and the proportion of the tetraene subfraction while decreasing the relative proportion of the diene subfraction. 7. 7. A close relation between the labeled choline of the lecithins and the content of stearic acid in a given fraction was observed for all groups—a relationship not shown by palmitic, oleic or linoleic acids. 8. 8. The results indicated that estradiol enhanced the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine and increased the formation of lecithins containing stearic and long-chain polyene fatty acids (20:4 and higher). The relationship of the labeled choline to stearic acid and the highly unsaturated fatty acids suggested that fatty acid composition influenced the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamines.
SERIAL DETERMINATIONS OF CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES (CIC) IN THE SERA OF CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASE

SERIAL DETERMINATIONS OF CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES (CIC) IN THE SERA OF CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASE
Languages left behind: Keeping Taiwanese off the World Wide Web

The Unicode standard is an enormous step toward realizing the goal of a single computer encoding scheme for virtually all of the world’s scripts. Although not all computers will necessarily have the type fonts to print all characters, at least all computers will be able to recognize what characters are required for proper display of text in almost any language. However the Unicode standard presupposes that each language has a script consisting of a finite number of agreed-upon characters. Some languages still lack such agreement. As planning has gone forward for Unicode, more and more code points are being assigned, leaving ever less conveniently accessed code points for future expansion. This article describes the Unicode project. Then it describes the special challenge of encoding Chinese characters. Finally it uses the example of Hokkien, a “dialect” of Chinese spoken by most people in Taiwan, to explore the problem of unorthodox, unstable, or unofficial scripts. Political forces and technical considerations make it difficult to include such scripts in Unicode. As Unicode becomes the “de facto” standard for writing human languages, script innovations will presumably become less and less likely to receive wide use.
Dark Field Microscopy for Analytical Laboratory Courses

An innovative and inexpensive optical microscopy experiment for a quantitative analysis or an instrumental analysis chemistry course is described. The students have hands-on experience with a dark field microscope and investigate the wavelength dependence of localized surface plasmon resonance in gold and silver nanoparticles. Students also observe and measure individual crystal growth during a replacement reaction between copper and silver nitrate. The experiment allows for quantitative, qualitative, and image data analyses for undergraduate students.
Energy Transfer Studied Using Spin Polarized Free Radicals. Effect of Substrate Structure and a Comparison Between Micellar Confinement and Free Solution

Abstract Singlet and triplet energy transfer from a series of sensitizers to three diazo compounds has been investigated in solution and in micelles by time resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) of the ensuing free radicals. The singlet lifetime of the sensitizer determines whether the energy transfer occurs from the singlet or the triplet manifold. A radical pair is created after energy transfer by loss of N2 from the diazo acceptor. The phase of the chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) in the TREPR spectrum describes the multiplicity of the radical pair precursor, and therefore the spectrum carries with it information about the energy transfer mechanism. This principle is established by way of a direct, quantitative relationship between the singlet precursor CIDEP intensity and the singlet lifetime. As the size of the diazo compound is increased, energy transfer from the singlet state is suppressed. Micellar confinement of the radical pair also decreases singlet energy transfer rates significantly.
Characterization and Functional Properties of Soy β‐Conglycinin and Glycinin of Selected Genotypes

: The principal soy storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, may provide valuable functionality as food ingredients. These soy protein fractions were isolated from K1430, Hutcheson, K93-90-29, and KS4997 and characterized for solubility, emulsion and surface properties, water holding capacity, and gel rheology. There were significant differences among genotypes regarding all functional properties. The K93-90-29 β-conglycinin exhibited significantly better functional properties compared to the other genotypes except for foam stability. Regarding glycinin, Hutcheson exhibited significantly better functional properties compared to the other genotypes except for foam stability. Continuous evaluation of soy genotypes in various food systems coupled with genetic manipulation should continue to better assess the potential of soy proteins as food ingredients.
Affecting attitudes in first-year computer science using syntaxfree robotics programming

Persistence of first-year students in computer science is a problem. Although there are many factors that determine whether a student can be successful in computer science, research has shown that some attrition is due to personal perception of their ability in computer science. We created a learning experience specifically designed to improve students' self-assessment of their abilities. "Providing robotic experiences through objectbased programming" (PREOP) is a GUI programming environment based on Alice that students use to program autonomous robot controllers. Results show that for students that rate themselves as average programmers, the modules designed around PREOP positively affect the students' intimidation levels.
Newcomers: The Contribution of Social and Psychological Well-Being on Emotion Regulation Among First-Generation Acculturating Latino Youth in the Southern United States

First-generation youth experience significant levels of intercultural contact through the educational system which may result in acculturative stress and distress that impedes acculturating youth’s development and requires further understanding of the factors that contribute to their resilience. The current study examines (N = 56) psychological and social well-being in relation to emotion regulation in the context of acculturation for youth. Results indicate that positive relationships with others, purpose in life, and environmental mastery relate to higher levels of emotion regulation. Moreover, youth attempting to maintain high levels of both cultures reported lower levels of emotion regulation indicating a conditional relationship with acculturation.
An experimental study of thermal diffusion effects on a partially porous mass transfer-cooled hemisphere☆

Abstract A hemispherical model having a porous nose cap of 40° included angle was tested at Mach 8.07. Helium and freon-13 were injected through the cap into the stagnation region, and the variations of adiabatic wall temperature and heat-transfer coefficient with injection rate were measured. Analytical solutions have been obtained for a laminar stagnation point boundary layer and similar free stream conditions. The analysis differs from earlier work in that the effects of thermal diffusion are included. It is predicted that this thermodynamic coupling may lead to stagnation point recovery temperatures considerably different from the zero injection value. This conclusion and hence the significance of thermodynamic coupling, is supported by the data, which is in reasonable agreement with the theory. Temperature measurements were made on the insulated model surface downstream of the injection region. It is concluded that the temperature levels on the entire hemispherical surface can be greatly reduced by localized injection in the stagnation region. Helium proved to be more effective in this respect than freon-13.
Guidelines for communication and engineering problem solving at the basic level

The study assesses the value of including a communications component in engineering courses that concentrate on basic handwritten mathematical analysis. From examination of past material, a tutorial was developed which was presented to students involved in the study. Examples of some pitfalls and "cures" in the communication of basic mathematical analysis are given. Guidelines for structuring mathematical handwritten material are explained and summarized by the mnemonic "VIDEOGRAM". The results of the study are presented in the form of relative frequency charts taken from anonymous student evaluations. These statistics show that there is considerable student support for the approach, A majority indicated that the techniques learned would have value beyond the university.
Ligand Effects on Cross-linking Support a Conformational Mechanism for Serotonin Transport

Serotonin transporter (SERT) is responsible for the re-uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft after release from serotonergic neurons. We show here that cysteine residues at positions in transmembranes 1 and 3 of SERT, like the corresponding positions in the γ-aminobutyric acid transporter, can be cross-linked using copper(II)(1,10-phenanthroline)3. The presence of a cross-link was detected by a novel methionine mutagenesis strategy. A change in mobility for an N-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment accompanied disulfide cross-linking of the two cysteine residues. Cross-linking also inhibited transport, and this process was blocked by cocaine, which is expected to stabilize SERT in conformations where the two positions are separated, but cocaine did not decrease accessibility of either of the two cysteines to modification by 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate. Cysteine was required at both positions on the same molecule for efficient cross-linking, indicating that the reaction was intramolecular.
Correlation between anorectic potency and affinity for hypothalamic (+)-amphetamine binding sites of phenylethylamines.

Abstract The potencies of a number of phenylethylamines and related compounds to inhibit food intake were compared with their relative affinities for hypothalamic (+)-amphetamine binding sites in vitro. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.78, P
RABBIT POX : IV. SUSCEPTIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL FACTORS.

The epidemiological significance of age, race, sex, genetic constitution and physiological status were studied by means of a differential analysis of the mortality data derived from a devastating epidemic of rabbit pox and, with the exception of sex, were found to be factors of the utmost importance in the determination of susceptibility. Young animals were more susceptible than adults and although the most susceptible age varied with the epidemic phase, it corresponded in general with the period of weaning. The influence of physiological status was further indicated by the increased susceptibility incident to lactation. Racial variations in susceptibility were obscured by age factors in young animals, but were of profound importance in the adult population and formed the most significant feature of the analysis. A high degree of conformity was found in the susceptibility of racially related breeds, and this similarity in behavior increased with the proximity of relationship. Moreover, a study of the hybrids obtained from the crossing of pure breeds showed that two separable groups of hereditary factors were concerned in the determination of breed susceptibility, one group consisting of essential racial characters, the other of constitutional factors incorporated in the stock by chance association, and that the final expression of susceptibility or resistance was the result of their combined interaction.
Visualization of actin polymerization in invasive structures of macrophages and carcinoma cells using photoconvertible β-actin - Dendra2 fusion proteins

Actin polymerization controls a range of cellular processes, from intracellular trafficking to cell motility and invasion. Generation and elongation of free barbed ends defines the regions of actively polymerizing actin in cells and, consequently, is of importance in the understanding of the mechanisms through which actin dynamics are regulated. Herein we present a method that does not involve cell permeabilization and provides direct visualization of growing barbed ends using photoswitchable β-actin - Dendra2 constructs expressed in murine macrophage and rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines. The method exploits the ability of photoconverted (red) G-actin species to become incorporated into pre-existing (green) actin filaments, visualized in two distinct wavelengths using TIRF microscopy. In growing actin filaments, photoconverted (red) monomers are added to the barbed end while only green monomers are recycled from the pointed end. We demonstrate that incorporation of actin into intact podosomes of macrophages occurs constitutively and is amenable to inhibition by cytochalasin D indicating barbed end incorporation. Additionally, actin polymerization does not occur in quiescent invadopodial precursors of carcinoma cells suggesting that the filaments are capped and following epidermal growth factor stimulation actin incorporation occurs in a single but extended peak. Finally, we show that Dendra2 fused to either the N- or the C-terminus of β-actin profoundly affects its localization and incorporation in distinct F-actin structures in carcinoma cells, thus influencing the ability of monomers to be photoconverted. These data support the use of photoswitchable actin-Dendra2 constructs as powerful tools in the visualization of free barbed ends in living cells.
Proteolipid protein from the peripheral nervous system also contains covalently bound fatty acids.

Abstract Proteolipid protein, the major protein component of central nervous system (CNS) myelin, is known to contain approximately 2% by weight of covalently bound fatty acids. Recently, this protein was also found, though at a lower concentration, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The present study was undertaken to determine whether PNS proteolipid protein, like its CNS counterpart, was fatty acylated. Myeliri PLP and DM-20, the two proteins that constitute the proteolipid protein fraction, were isolated from bovine sciatic nerves by chromatography on a methylated Sephadex G-100 column. The identity of the isolated proteins was determined by (a) SDS-PAGE, (b) Western blot analysis, and (c) amino acid analysis, and fractions containing only PLP and DM-20 were subjected to acid-methanolysis. Gas-liquid chromatography of the released methyl esters revealed the presence of fatty acids (2.9% w/w) distributed as approximately 47% palmitic, 22% stearic, and 19% oleic acid. Similar results were obtained for bovine white matter proteolipid protein when isolated and analyzed in parallel with the peripheral nerve protein. These data unequivocally demonstrate that both PNS and CNS proteolipid protein are equally acylated.
Communicating a safety-critical limitation of an infant-carrying product: The effect of product design and warning salience

A field experiment was conducted to determine how the features of a product and the salience of its warnings affect potential purchasers' perceptions of a safety-critical product attribute. The experimental product was an infant carrier, which represents a class of products known to be inappropriately used as as infant car seats. Sixty-two subjects were asked to examine and select an infant car seat/carrier product from a group of four infant-carrying products. Dependent measures included the subjects' knowledge that the experimental product was not designed to protect an infant in an auto accident and their attention to various warnings. Removing a potentially confusing product feature did not significantly reduce the proportion of subjects who mistakenly thought the product was designed for use as a car seat. However, collectively, the features of the product prompted more than a third of the subjects to incorrectly assess the safety-critical limitations of the product. Increasing the warning's salience significantly increased the proportion of subjects who noticed and read it, but only in the most conspicuous condition was there an increase in the proportion of subjects who correctly recognized the product's limitations.
SPATIAL POLICY AND INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRAINTS ON INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THAILAND

Using the factory registration data of the Ministry of Industry, the paper documents the location patterns of manufacturing establishments in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and evaluates spatial policies in light of the observed decentralization trends of manufacturing activity. The paper also shows the location patterns of new firms and by firm size and analyzes infrastructure and site constraints for their growth. The paper discusses the need for spatial policies to be consistent with market forces and the need for infrastructure investment to respond to the location dynamics of service demand.
A process for research on aging and computer use

A process is described for producing interface design and training interventions aimed at making new technologies more accessible to older adults. This method has been used to examine the usability of three computerized systems that older adults are likely to encounter. One of the three systems, automatic teller machines (ATMs), is used an as example of how the proposed intervention design and evaluation process has been successfully carried out.
Endotoxin activity assay and polymyxin B hemoperfusion use in a cohort of critically ill patients

Endotoxin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis and septic shock (SS&SSh) [1]. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of extracorporeal endotoxin removal with polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) (Toraymyxin®).
Using Federal Outlays Data to Measure Program Equity: Opportunities and Limitations

Since the late 1960s, annual reports on federal spending in small areas have been available. This effort was initiated in the Community Services Administration (CSA) (formerly the Office of Economic Opportunity) in 1966 to monitor poverty program funds and was soon expanded to include most federal activities. Currently, the CSA has working annual files and published volumes for fiscal years 1968 through 1976. Published reports known as the Federal Outlays series are issued separately for each state and list the amounts of individual program funds spent by federal agencies in each county and in each city with a population of 25,000 or more. In total, over 1,300 program entries are reported for each county unit in the United States. The Federal Outlays is the only comprehensive series of county-level data on the federal government's spending. Earlier editions of the reports suffer from serious problems of completeness, accuracy, program identification, and definition, many of which have been resolved in recent issues. Beginning with the 1975 issue, program identification was greatly improved by labeling programs with the program numbers given in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (U.S. Office of Management and Budget). This matching provides the user of the Outlays files easy access to the program descriptions in the Catalog. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to provide illustrations of how the Federal Outlays data series can be used to address equity issues at the substate level and to give a brief overview of the current limitations of this data series. In exploring equity issues, the Outlays data are used in conjunction with data from the census of population, census of governments, Internal Revenue Service, and selected state departments of taxation. The equity analysis uses data from 1972, the latest year for which comparable data from all sources were available. The simple equity analyses that follow are illustrations of possible uses of the Outlays files and are not meant to provide firm answers to equity issues in federal spending.
Design of transistor RC amplifiers

Some of the basic factors involved in the design of transistor RC amplifiers are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on operating point stabilization and its relation to such factors as gain, battery drain, and distortion. The stabilization factor employed here is a measure (in terms of per cent) of the stabilization contributed by the stabilization circuitry. Only the fundamental common-emitter connection is discussed.
Cytochrome P450 from Photobacterium profundum SS9, a piezophilic bacterium, exhibits a tightened control of water access to the active site.

We report cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and purification of cytochrome P450 from a deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 (P450-SS9). The enzyme, which is predominately high spin (86%) in the absence of any added ligand, binds fatty acids and their derivatives and exhibits the highest affinity for myristic acid. Binding of the majority of saturated fatty acids displaces the spin equilibrium further toward the high-spin state, whereas the interactions with unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (arachidonoylglycine) have the opposite effect. Pressure perturbation studies showed that increasing pressure fails to displace the spin equilibrium completely to the low-spin state in the ligand-free P450-SS9 or in the complexes with either myristic acid or arachidonoylglycine. Stabilization of high-spin P450-SS9 signifies a pressure-induced transition to a state with reduced accessibility of the active site. This transition, which is apparently associated with substantial hydratio...
Performance adaptive resource allocation in a time-varying environment

This paper presents a performance adaptive algorithm for the allocation of information gathering (probing) resources and action resources in a time-varying environment. A suboptimal procedure that preserves the essential features of stochastic dynamic programming is developed. The information gathering resources are allocated using the prior probability density function of the subsequent observations in order to evaluate the value of future information. This value is measured in terms of the improvement in the performance index when the action resources are allocated subsequently with more accurate, even though still imperfect, information.