cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth of Tilapia of the Kafue Floodplain, Zambia: Predicted Effects of the Kafue Gorge Dam

Abstract Tilapia andersoni, T. macrochir and T. rendalli account for a large portion of the 6,000-metric-ton fish catch taken each year from the Kafue floodplain in Zambia. The Kafue Gorge Hydroelectric dam, completed in late 1970, altered the natural flooding regime on much of the floodplain. From April 1969 to August 1970, I studied these species of Tilapia in a sector of the Kafue floodplain as one means of predicting the effects of the Kafue Gorge dam. I determined ages of these Tilapia species from scale samples and calculated growth of each fish during preceding years. The growth of Tilapia varied significantly from year to year. The extent of seasonal flooding correlated positively with growth of younger Tilapia of all three species. From information on growth, survival of juveniles, spawning, and catch statistics, I concluded that the higher flooding regimes caused by the Kafue Gorge dam will increase growth and survival of Tilapia.
Competition with shared spectrum

Sharing spectrum has emerged as a promising way to meet the exploding demand for wireless data services. In this paper, we consider a scenario in which spectrum is shared between a primary and multiple secondary service providers, all of which are competing for a common pool of customers. We adopt a similar model to one used in earlier work to study competition with unlicensed spectrum, in which users select service providers based on the sum of a congestion cost and the price announce by the service provider. Competition with unlicensed spectrum was shown to potentially decrease social welfare. In contrast, with shared spectrum, we show here that social welfare is always non-decreasing, although the welfare of the primary provider can decrease. Various models of user demand and congestion costs are considered.
There’s no place like home: Explaining international NGO advocacy

INGO advocacy can range from cooperative to confrontational, and these tactical choices can have important repercussions for the overall success of the organization’s policy work, yet little attention has been paid to this variation. We contend that INGO advocacy strategies are shaped by the organization’s national origin. Drawing on insights from sociology and political science, we argue that there is substantial variation among wealthy industrialized democracies in the availability and structure of material resources as well as the domestic institutional environment surrounding INGO work. Together, these national-level factors shape INGOs’ choice of the level of confrontation or conciliation that they adopt in their advocacy. We first demonstrate the importance of INGO national origin using new data on the confrontational advocacy strategies of over 3000 non-governmental organizations from OECD countries that are international in focus. We then explore the relationship between national origin and INGO practice through comparative case studies of INGO umbrella organizations in the relief and development sector. Throughout, we focus on four countries in particular: the United States, Britain, France, and Japan. These countries differ significantly in terms of the material resources and institutional environments faced by INGOs and thus allow us to understand whether and how these factors influence INGO advocacy choices. These systematic differences in INGO strategies have important ramifications for understanding national and global advocacy by INGOs and demonstrate an enduring role of the state in shaping the behavior of non-state actors.
BASEMENT-MEMBRANE ANTIBODIES IN TWO PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Abstract Antibodies were eluted from clinically normal skin of three patients who had died of systemic lupus erythematosus. An antinuclear antibody was demonstrated in all three cases and a basement-membrane antibody in two.
Natural proofs for asynchronous programs using almost-synchronous reductions

We consider the problem of provably verifying that an asynchronous message-passing system satisfies its local assertions. We present a novel reduction scheme for asynchronous event-driven programs that finds almost-synchronous invariants - invariants consisting of global states where message buffers are close to empty. The reduction finds almost-synchronous invariants and simultaneously argues that they cover all local states. We show that asynchronous programs often have almost-synchronous invariants and that we can exploit this to build natural proofs that they are correct. We implement our reduction strategy, which is sound and complete, and show that it is more effective in proving programs correct as well as more efficient in finding bugs in several programs, compared to current search strategies which almost always diverge. The high point of our experiments is that our technique can prove the Windows Phone USB Driver written in P [9]correct for the responsiveness property, which was hitherto not provable using state-of-the-art model-checkers.
The ‘Church’ of Bourguiba: Nationalizing Islam in Tunisia

An inquiry in historical sociology using textual interpretation of educational curricular documents to analyze the role assigned to Islam in the official ideology of Tunisia under its first post-independence president, Habib Bourguiba. Adapting a typology of religions in politics proposed by Bruce Lincoln, the article argues that the rationalized, controlled version of Islam promoted in Tunisia’s schools as part of a top-down revolution has its genealogy in similar efforts in Turkey and earlier in revolutionary and Third Republic France, and should be labeled ‘Jacobin.’ It concludes that the present polarization of Tunisian politics may be attributed in part to the partial success of Bourguiba’s project of republican identity formation, promoting different relationships to Islam among different classes of citizens.
Designing for appropriate technology in developing countries

Abstract This paper seeks to identify and describe criteria to predict and influence the success or failure of new technological applications to meet needs or solve problems in developing countries, including educational needs. By identifying and examining the social contexts of a given culture along with its existing level of technological development, selection of appropriate types of educational technology could be enhanced, and prevent the waste of human and economic resources. This method of selecting appropriate technology is based on the idea that advanced technology is often inappropriate for the needs it is attempting to address within developing countries.
The effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on passive avoidance learning in rats

In a passive-avoidance test, rats received scopolamine either before or after the shock administration. They were tested twice afterwards—on the same day and again 48 h later. On the second test, the animals were first tested in a normal state and again after administration of scopolamine or saline. Scopolamine had no effect on passive-avoidance behavior when tested on the first test on the day of shock, but it did impair performance on the second test day, 48 h later. Ss receiving scopolamine on this second test day which had also received the drug before were not impaired in the passive avoidance test.
Hemophilus Influenzae Infections: Part II

(1981). Hemophilus Influenzae Infections: Part I. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 231-275.
Dihydrotestosterone activates male mating behavior in castrated King-Holtzman rats.

Abstract Having previously found that King-Holtzman rats respond behaviorally to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), this strain was used to compare the effectiveness of DHT and dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) in maintaining and reinstating copulatory behavior. The 5α-reduced androgens were capable of stimulating mating behavior in these castrated male rats. DHT and DHTP were equally effective in maintaining ejaculatory behavior, whereas DHT was slightly more potent behaviorally than DHTP in restoring mating responses. It was found that as little as 200 μg hormone/day restored ejaculatory behavior in 78% of the DHT-treated and 50% of the DHTP-treated rats. In both the maintenance and restoration paradigms, the mating performance of the DHT(P) treated males declined over time. The present data suggest that the conversion of androgen to estrogen may not be critical for the activation of male mating behavior.
Enhanced Protein Delivery from Photopolymerized Hydrogels Using a Pseudospecific Metal Chelating Ligand

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of incomplete protein release from photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels and verify the protein-protection mechanism provided by iminodiacetic acid (IDA). The in vitro release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from PEG hydrogels prepared under different conditions was studied. Photoinitiator and initial protein concentrations were varied as well as the addition of IDA and metal ions. Protein immobilization within the nondegradable networks via free-radical reaction was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis. Protein release efficiency was shown to be dependent on photoinitiator and initial protein concentration. Gel electrophoresis results revealed immobilization of protein to the polymer network and further indicated the detrimental role of free radicals in lowering protein-release efficiency. Adding IDA to the prepolymer solution enhanced total protein release from the subsequently photopolymerized network in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of metal ions including Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ further increased BSA release efficiency. Agreement between the protein release data and theoretical model predictions accounting for reversible protein–IDA binding further validated the protection effect provided by IDA and IDA-transition metal complexes. The protection effect described in this study offers a novel strategy for increasing the delivery efficiencies of many therapeutically valuable proteins.
Building Bridges, Not Walls:

During the Old Saybrook 2 Conference, held May 11-14, 2000, on the campus of the State University of West Georgia, the author participated in a dialogue session about the challenges facing humanistic psychology and the opportunities that exist to more effectively sustain continued contributions to this movement.1 Extending this discussion here, disparate developments are highlighted that suggest the humanistic psychology movement is alive and well, even where it is not specifically referenced. The existence of numerous allies or kindred spirits, it is argued, constitute an extended but often unrecognized community of support for humanistic psychology's ideals, aims, and purposes. Yet more could be done by those committed to this movement to acknowledge, express appreciation for, and build productive bridges to the contributions of these individuals and groups.
Two-liquid-phase boundaries and critical phenomena at 275-400.degree.C; for high-temperature aqueous potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate solutions. Potential applications for steam generators

(1) Rao, M. V. P.; Naidu, P. R. Can. J . Chem. 1974, 52, 788. (2) Reo, M. V. P.; Naidu, P. R. J . Chem. Thermodyn. 1978, 8, 73. (3) Rao, M. V. P.; Naidu, P. R. J . Chem. Thermodyn. 1978. 8 , 96. (4) Rao, M. V. P.; NaMu, P. R. Can. J . Chem. 1978, 54, 2280. Received for review July 8, 1981. Accepted November 18, 1981. S.S.R. is thankful to the University &ants Comission for giving financial asslstance under the faculty Improvement program.
Flow dynamics in the wakes of low-aspect-ratio wall-mounted obstacles

The influence of shape and relative submergence (the ratio of flow depth to obstacle height, d/H) on the wake dynamics around low-aspect-ratio wall-mounted obstacles is documented for flows at Re H = 17,800 in a thin boundary layer. The obstacles investigated consisted of semi-ellipsoids with the major axes of the base ellipses aligned in the streamwise and transverse directions, and two cylinders with aspect ratios matching the ellipsoids (H/D = 0.89 and 0.67, where D is the maximum transverse dimension). Thermal anemometry was employed to provide insight into the wake dynamics, and thus, augment knowledge of the mean structure of these wakes presented by Hajimirzaie et al. (Exp Fluids 53:1943–1962, 2012). Weak symmetric shedding was observed at St = 0.183 and 0.188 in the wakes of streamwise and transverse ellipsoids at d/H = 3.9, while cross-spectral measurements confirmed downstream and upstream tilting of arch structures shed by the transverse and streamwise ellipsoids, respectively. Much weaker peaks in the power spectrum were observed for the low- and high-aspect-ratio cylinders at St = 0.084 and 0.065, respectively. While the dominant Strouhal number remained constant as the relative submergence was reduced to d/H = 2.5 for the ellipsoids, it increased significantly at d/H = 1 to St = 0.357 and 0.345 for the streamwise and transverse ellipsoids, respectively, and transitioned to an antisymmetric mode. The shedding behavior was similarly antisymmetric for both cylinders at d/H = 1, with dominant Strouhal numbers of 0.248 and 0.243 for the cylinders of H/D = 0.67 and 0.89, respectively. When calculating Strouhal number using wake width as the length scale, the values for d/H = 1 were found to fall more in line with those typical of two-dimensional bluff bodies.
The bare necessities

What is the smallest set of things that we need in a modern consumer society? Evolutionary psychologist Geoffrey Miller delves for insights
Zebra GC: A Fully Integrated Micro Gas Chromatography System

A ready-to-deploy implementation of microfabricated gas chromatography (μGC) system characterized for detecting hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations in complex mixtures has been described. A microfabricated preconcentrator (μPC), a MEMS separation column with on-chip thermal conductivity detector (μSCTCD), the flow controller unit, and all the necessary flow and thermal management as well as user interface circuitry are integrated to realize the fully functional μGC system. The work reports extensive characterization of μPC, μSC and μTCD for target analytes: benzene, toluene, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene. Limit of Detection (LOD) of ~1 ng was achieved, which corresponds to 10 min sampling time at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for analyte present at ~25 ppbv concentration. An innovative method for generating very sharp injection plugs from the μPC even in the presence of flow sensitive detectors like μTCD is described. A one-to-one comparison between μGC system and conventional Automated Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatograph–Flame Ionization Detector (ATD GC-FID) system for real gasoline samples in simulated car refueling scenario is reported.
Optimization of DNA-tagged dye-encapsulating liposomes for lateral-flow assays based on sandwich hybridization.

A novel protocol for the synthesis of dye-encapsulating liposomes tagged with DNA oligonucleotides at their outer surface was developed. These liposomes were optimized for use as signal enhancement agents in lateral-flow sandwich-hybridization assays for the detection of single-stranded RNA and DNA sequences. Liposomes were synthesized using the reverse-phase evaporation method and tagged with oligonucleotides by adding cholesteryl-modified DNA probes to the initial lipid mixture. This resulted in a greatly simplified protocol that provided excellent control of the probe coverage on the liposomes and cut the preparation time from 16 hours to just 6 hours. Liposomes were prepared using probe concentrations ranging from 0.00077 to 0.152 mol% of the total lipid, several hydrophobic and polyethylene glycol-based spacers between the cholesteryl anchor and the probe, and liposome diameters ranging from 208 nm to 365 nm. The liposomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering, visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Their signal enhancement functionality was compared by using them in lateral-flow optical biosensors for the detection of single-stranded DNA sequences. In these assays, an optimal reporter probe concentration of 0.013 mol%, liposome diameter of 315 nm, and liposome optical density of 0.4–0.6 at 532 nm were found. The spacer length between the cholesteryl anchor and the probe showed no significant effect on the signals in the lateral-flow assays. The results presented here provide important data for the general use of liposomes as labels in analytical assays, with specific emphasis on nucleic acid detection via lateral flow assays.
Structure of Core Domain of Fibril-Forming PHF/Tau Fragments

Short peptide sequences within the microtubule binding domain of the protein Tau are proposed to be core nucleation sites for formation of amyloid fibrils displaying the paired helical filament (PHF) morphology characteristic of neurofibrillary tangles. To study the structure of these proposed nucleation sites, we analyzed the x-ray diffraction patterns from the assemblies formed by a variety of PHF/tau-related peptide constructs containing the motifs VQIINK (PHF6*) in the second repeat and VQIVYK (PHF6) in the third repeat of tau. Peptides included: tripeptide acetyl-VYK-amide (AcVYK), tetrapeptide acetyl-IVYK-amide (AcPHF4), hexapeptide acetyl-VQIVYK-amide (AcPHF6), and acetyl-GKVQIINKLDLSNVQKDNIKHGSVQIVYKPVDLSKVT-amide (AcTR4). All diffraction patterns showed reflections at spacings of 4.7 A, 3.8 A, and approximately 8-10 A, which are characteristic of an orthogonal unit cell of beta-sheets having dimensions a=9.4 A, b=6.6 A, and c=approximately 8-10 A (where a, b, and c are the lattice constants in the H-bonding, chain, and intersheet directions). The sharp 4.7 A reflections indicate that the beta-crystallites are likely to be elongated along the H-bonding direction and in a cross-beta conformation. The assembly of the AcTR4 peptide, which contains both the PHF6 and PHF6* motifs, consisted of twisted sheets, as indicated by a unique fanning of the diffuse equatorial scattering and meridional accentuation of the (210) reflection at 3.8 A spacing. The diffraction data for AcVYK, AcPHF4, and AcPHF6 all were consistent with approximately 50 A-wide tubular assemblies having double-walls, where beta-strands constitute the walls. In this structure, the peptides are H-bonded together in the fiber direction, and the intersheet direction is radial. The positive-charged lysine residues face the aqueous medium, and tyrosine-tyrosine aromatic interactions stabilize the intersheet (double-wall) layers. This particular contact, which may be involved in PHF fibril formation, is proposed here as a possible aromatic target for anti-tauopathy drugs.
Bismuth Hollow Cathode for Hall Thrusters

B ISMUTH has several qualities that make it well suited for development as a Hall-thruster propellant. When compared with more conventional propellants such as xenon, bismuth holds significant advantages from both an energetics (lower ionization energy) [1] and cost standpoint. In addition, there are significant ground-test-facility cost savings, because bismuth does not require the use of cryogenic pumps. Unlike traditional propellants, bismuth is solid at room temperature; thus, the exhausted bismuth solidifies on the room-temperature vacuum chamber walls, and consequently the entire vacuum chamber becomes an effective pumping surface. With this in mind, operating a high-power bismuth Hall thruster would require only enough pumping speed to keep up with facility outgassing and minor vacuum leaks. However, there are some difficulties that need to be addressed when using a condensable propellant. Some of the issues include sustaining elevated temperatures for bismuth evaporation, regulating bismuth mass flow, mechanical limitations inherent with using refractory metal components, and bismuth plating of thruster and spacecraft components. Recently, there have been three new programs to develop bismuth Hall thrusters, with the first successful demonstration occurring in the spring of 2005 [2–4]. In this work, the bismuth thruster was operated using a xenonLaB6 cathode. The encouraging results of the bismuth thruster motivated a study to examine the feasibility of an all-bismuth system using a bismuth cathode. In addition to all of the physical and economical gains, it would be advantageous to incorporate a bismuth cathode to eliminate the need for multiple propellant supplies on an eventual flight unit. In 2005, a functioning prototype bismuth cathode was developed and a limited number of operating characteristics were reported [5]. The primary goals of the present research were to evaluate the operating characteristics of a bismuth LaB6 cathode at different mass flow rates, compare bismuth data with xenon and krypton performance, and to reduce the amount of power required for cathode operation.
Conversion of androstenedione to estrone by neural tissues from fetal and neonatal rats.

Incubation of hypothalamic and limbic system homogenates from 21-day rat fetuses and 1, 5, 10-day-old or adult rats with E4- androstene-3-17-dione 7-3H resulted in the formation of 3H-estrone by all tissues with the exception of the limbic system from the female fetuses. In each paired experiment the activity in male tissues exceeded that of the females. In general, the activities of perinatal tissues either equaled or exceeded those of comparable adult tissues. These results support the hypothesis that neuroendocrine effects of androgens on fetal, neonatal, prepubertal and adult rats could be mediated by estrogen metabolites. (Endocrinology 94: 117, 197.4)
Early use of plasmapheresis for recurrent post-transplant FSGS

Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in an allograft is a challenging clinical situation because it frequently results in graft loss. We report our experience with early use of plasmapheresis in recurrent FSGS. Of the 18 (33%) children with biopsy-proven FSGS (in their native kidneys) transplanted at our institution, 6 had recurrence (elevated urine protein/creatinine ratios) post transplant and were treated with plasmapheresis. Patients who received treatment within 1 day of the recurrence (4/6) went into remission after 5-13 plasmapheresis treatments, within 5-27 days of starting treatment. Patients who did not respond to plasmapheresis (2/6) were treated 7 and 17 days after onset of proteinuria; 1 of these had acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection leading to graft loss and the other developed acute rejections, ongoing proteinuria, and subsequent graft loss. All 4 patients who went into remission have maintained good graft function, 22-53 months post transplant. In our experience early institution of plasmapheresis for recurrent post-transplant proteinuria in FSGS is effective.
Biology of the gregarine Pyxinia frenzeli in the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma

Abstract Pyxinia frenzeli , a eugregarine of the family Actinocephalidae, occupies considerable area of midgut lumen in the larva of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (= Attagenus piceus ). The only other reports of this protozoan are its original description and a note by Leger and Duboscq which were based on material from a related species of dermestid, Attagenus pellio , and dealt only with intrahost stages. In our laboratory the sporozoites were situated intracellularly between the brush border and the nucleus of the midgut epithelial cells. When P. frenzeli is in the early cephalont stage, its host cell hypertrophies, but is atrophied by the time the cephalont is mature. The insect host larva loses its midgut epithelium with each larval molt so infection of this gregarine must begin anew with ingestion of sporocysts by each instar. Pyxinia frenzeli has never been found parasitizing the midgut of the adult black carpet beetle. However, newly emerged adults may carry in their digestive tracts cephalonts, sporonts, and gametocysts enclosed in a blind sac, which is the intact remnant of the larval midgut. Gametocysts are formed in the midgut of the host most frequently by the union of two but often of three sporonts. Shrinking of the residual cytoplasm within the gametocyst is evident 24 hr after deposition in the host feces, and by the 3rd day spores cover the cytoplasm. About the 4th day after deposition the spores are released in a single chain. Pyxinia frenzeli is not autofluorescent at any stage of its life cycle. The protozoan can be eradicated from the black carpet beetle during the larval stage by incorporating 8% (w/w) sorbic acid into its diet. Aureomycin (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5%), Fumidil B (0.05%, 0.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) and sorbic acid at concentrations of 0.4%, 1.2%, and 4.0% in the diet were ineffective. Heavy infections of this gregarine do not alter weight of the insect larva, survival through adult stage or length of life cycle. The effects, if any, of this parasite (or commensal) on the black carpet beetle are currently under investigation.
Mineralization and N fertilizer equivalent value of composts as assessed by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

The capability to determine nitrogen availability of composts is necessary to ensure that such materials will provide sufficient fertilization to the growing crop and cause minimal environmental degradation. A greenhouse study using tall fescue as a bioindicator was used to evaluate nitrogen availability of two biosolids composts, two mixed yard waste-poultry manure composts, and one commercially-processed poultry litter. Five inorganic nitrogen (as NH4NO3-N) treatments applied at 0, 22.5, 45, 67.7, and 90 mg N/kg soil were employed to establish an N calibration curve. Yield, fescue biomass total nitrogen (as total Kjeldahl N (TKN)), and soil TKN and KCl extractable NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentrations of the organically amended treatments were compared to the inorganically fertilized treatments to determine amendment N mineralization rates and N fertilizer equivalent values (NFEV). Nitrogen mineralization rates were greatest in the poultry litter (21%) and Panorama yard waste compost (5%) amended pots. The N...
Mechanism of Transport of Riboflavin in Rabbit Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles

Uptake of luminal riboflavin (RF) into the absorptive cells of rabbit small intestine was examined using purified brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) preparations. These preparations were used in order to eliminate the interference of intracellular metabolism that occurs to the RF molecule during absorption. Uptake of RF by BBMV was found to be mainly (> 76%) the result of transport of the vitamin into the intracellular space with less binding to membrane surfaces. All 3H radioactivity that appeared in the intravesicular space after incubation with [3H]RF was found to be in the form of intact RF. Uptake of RF with time was independent of the presence or absence of a Na+ or a K+ gradient (out > in) and occurred without transaccumulation of the substrate in the intravesicular space. Furthermore, changing the incubation buffer pH showed minimal effect on RF uptake. When examined as a function of concentration, the initial rate of RF uptake was found to be saturable both in jejunal and ileal BBMV with an apparent Km of 7.24 +/- 1.06 and 8.88 +/- 0.90 microM and Vmax of 24.31 +/- 1.48 and 34.24 +/- 1.55 pmol/mg protein/5 sec, respectively. Unlabeled RF and the related compounds lumiflavin, 8-aminoriboflavin, isoriboflavin, and lumichrome all inhibited (but to different degrees) the uptake of physiologic concentration of [3H]RF. On the other hand, 8-hydroxyriboflavin, lumazine, and D-ribose all failed to inhibit [3H]RF uptake. Similarly, the membrane transport inhibitors DIDS, SITS, and furosemide all failed to inhibit [3H]RF uptake. The uptake of RF was found to be insensitive to changes in the transmembrane electrical potential, as shown by studies with anion substitution and valinomycin K(+)-induced negative or positive intravesicular potential methodologies. These results indicate that RF uptake by rabbit intestinal BBMV occurs via a carrier-mediated system that is Na+ independent in nature and transports the substrate by an electroneutral process. The role of this system in the overall absorption process of RF is discussed.
Effect of the K/Na ratio in mixed-alkali lime silicate glasses on the rheological and physical properties

Abstract Ion exchanged glass surfaces usually have significantly different compositions from the bulk glass. It is, therefore, important to study the composition dependence of stress relaxation in glasses below the glass transition temperature, in order to accurately predict residual stress profiles in glass. In the current study, rheological and physical properties of a commercial soda-lime silicate glass and four custom melted glasses were experimentally determined. To simulate the composition changes in an ion-exchanged layer, the K/Na ratio was varied while keeping the alkali content constant. A weak mixed-alkali effect was found for the viscosity of mixed-alkali lime silicate glass. The thermal expansion coefficients and Young’s moduli of the glasses were also studied.
Clinical implications of aspirin resistance

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is one of the main therapeutic medications used in the prevention of thromboembolic vascular events. Aspirin exhibits its antiplatelet action by irreversibly inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme, thus preventing the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Aspirin resistance, as measured in vitro, is the inability of aspirin to reduce platelet activation and aggregation by failure to suppress the platelet production of TXA2. Laboratory tests of platelet TXA2 production or platelet function dependent on TXA2 can detect aspirin resistance in vitro. The clinical implication of this laboratory definition has not yet been elucidated via prospective trials that have controlled for confounders, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Large meta-analyses have found low-dose aspirin to be as effective as high-dose aspirin in preventing vascular events, making a dose-dependent improvement in laboratory response clinically irrelevant. Possible causes of aspirin resistance include poor compliance, inadequate dose, drug interactions, genetic polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-1, increased platelet turnover and upregulation of non-platelet pathways of thromboxane production. However, there is currently no standardized approach to the diagnosis and no proven effective treatment for aspirin resistance. Further research exploring the mechanisms of aspirin resistance is needed in order to better define aspirin resistance, as well as to develop a standardized laboratory test that is specific and reliable, and can correlate with the clinical risk of vascular events. The intent of this paper is to review the literature discussing possible mechanisms, diagnostic testing and clinical trials of aspirin resistance and to discuss its clinical relevance as it pertains to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.
Role of the ovary on age related alterations of neuroendocrine function

Abstract There exists a well documented age-related loss in the coordination of hypothalamic-hypophysial-ovarian function in the female rat but the initial cause of this dysfunction is unclear. A compelling case for the involvement of a central pacemaker in age related neuroendocrine dysfunction has been made but changes in ovarian steroid secretion with age and the demonstrated detrimental effects of long-term steroid exposure on hypothalamic structure and function also suggests that the ovary is an initiator or at least an important modulator of neuroendocrine change associated with aging.
The Process Philosophy of Sir Muhammad Iqbal

The universe is One and a Many, a plurality of interacting subject selves and their unity, and how it can be both at once is, as James Ward has remarked, the philosophical problem of the twentieth century. A congregation of cosmologies dedicated to the solution of the problem — Bradley, Whitehead, Aurobindo, Berdyaev, Royce, and Radhakrishnan are names which come immediately to mind — bears witness that it is so, as does the cosmology of their Hindustani contemporary, Ward’s sometime student, the poet-philosopher and patriot, Sir Muhammad Iqbal.
The Principle of Equivalence, electrodynamics and General Relativity

It is shown that the customary covariant formulation of electrodynamics in General Relativity is incompatible with the Einstein Principle of Equivalence. This is demonstrated for the case of a resistanceless current-carrying wire in a static spherically symmetric gravitational field—where the Einstein Principle of Equivalence implies the existence, in the vicinity of the wire, of a non-zero component of the electric field parallel to the wire, whereas the covariant form of Maxwell's equations does not. An experiment, involving a superconducting current-carrying wire segment placed in the Earth's gravitational field, is suggested. Whether or not a component of electric field parallel to the wire, at a point in the wire's vicinity, would be detected would resolve the issue.
Resonant photoemission at the 5p threshold in La, Pr, Sm and Tb

Abstract The 5 p -valence band interaction in the rare earth metals La, Sm, Pr and Tb is studied with resonant ultraviolet photoelectron Spectroscopy in the photon energy range hv = 10–40 eV. For all four metals the valence band (5 d 6 s ) photoionization cross-section has a minimum at the 5 p 3 2 threshold, with a strong delayed, 10 eV wide, maximum above threshold. An O 3 VV Auger channel opens at the 5 p 3 2 threshold.
The Servants of Obama's Machinery: F.A. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom Revisited? — A Reply

This paper replies to “The Servants of Obama's Machinery,” which is a criticism of Boettke's interpretation of Hayek's ideas in The Road to Serfdom. We find the authors raise many interesting questions for both political economy and history of thought but ultimately are unconvincing in their critique. In addition to responding to their overall critique, we also respond to their smaller points on Hayek and Arrow, Public Choice, and the historical problems they raise. Despite our disagreement we believe this is a fruitful line of discussion and deserves to be looked into further both theoretically and empirically.
Design of Adaptive PI Rate Controller for Best-Effort Traffic in the Internet Based on Phase Margin

In this paper, we propose an adaptive PI (proportional-integral) rate controller for the AQM (active queue management) router that would support best-effort traffic in the Internet. Unlike most window-based controllers, our rate-based controller design is derived from the classical control theory and it would allow the users to achieve good stability robustness of the AQM control system by specifying a proper phase margin. We also make our controller adaptive by selecting a simple heuristic parameter to monitor the network environment real-time so that the controller would self-tune only when a dramatic change of the network traffic has drifted the monitoring parameter outside its specified interval. Located in the router, the adaptive PI rate controller calculates desirable source window sizes (i.e., source sending rates) based on the instantaneous queue length of the buffer and advertises it to the sources. Our simulations demonstrate that our AQM control system can adapt very well to sudden changes in network environment, thus providing the network with good transient behavior. By making the source sending rate relatively smooth, our adaptive PI rate controller becomes quite suitable for streaming media traffic control in the Internet
Human choriocarcinoma (JAr) cells grown as multicellular spheroids.

Abstract JAr choriocarcinoma cells grew as multicellular spheroids, and exhibited a logarithmic pattern of growth, reaching geometric mean diameters of at least d zoo μm after a 1 days in culture. HCG, E 2 and P 4 were secreted into the culture medium throughout the entire culture period, in proportion to spheroid size. This, along with the presence of lipid droplets, non-staining glycogen, Golgi apparatus and microvilli on the spheroid surface and in intercellular spaces indicated that the JAr cells within spheroids were functionally active. While spheroids of less than Boo μm GMD attached to culture dishes and produced cellular outgrowth, larger spheroids showed impaired attachment, and a delay in the subsequent production of outgrowth, which was not correlated with the development of a necrotic core. This outgrowth contained more multinucleated cells and cellular projections than that of smaller spheroids, suggesting that the cells in larger spheroids had undergone early differentiative changes. The spheroid culture system will be applied to the study of processes, such as implantation, which may require a three-dimensional arrangement of placental cells.
Branched chain amino acid metabolism in the retina of diabetic rats.

Diabetes is known to produce increased levels of the branched chain amino acids in plasma, heart and muscle as well as increased oxidation of [14C]-leucine by nerves and muscles from rats. Plasma and retinas from streptozotocin diabetic rats had significant elevations in branched chain amino acid levels compared to control. Retinas from diabetic rats have been found to oxidize significantly more of the branched chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine than did control retinas when incubated in media containing 16.5 mmol/1 glucose. Neither the extracellular space nor the tissue pool of leucine was significantly different in the two groups. The addition of 19 amino acids, at normal plasma concentrations, to the incubation media resulted in 80 percent suppression of leucine oxidation without significant change in incorporation of [14C] into protein. These results suggest that the major role for the branched chain amino acids in the rat retina is in protein synthesis which is not affected by short-term diabetes.
Antenna tolerance theory&#8212;A review

The theoretical basis of antenna tolerance theory is reviewed. Formulas are presented for the axial loss of gain and the pattern degradation as a function of the reflector surface rms error and the surface spatial correlation. Methods of determining these quantities by astronomical or ground-based electrical measurements are described. Correlation between the theoretical predictions and the performance of actual large antenna structures is presented.
Management issues of co‐operative ventures and consortia in the USA. Part one

Discusses the issues that arise in the management of co‐operative activities and consortia, and the different skill sets needed. It explores some of the theoretical and real challenges that managers encounter when establishing and maintaining successful co‐operative projects and formal consortia programs.
Perturbations of the dynamics of lipid alkyl chains in membrane systems: effect on the activity of membrane-bound enzymes.

Abstract Cellular and membrane systems that are well defined with respect to lipid compositions were obtained from cultures of unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented with specific 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids. Lipophilic spin labels were used to probe the physical state of the lipids in the resulting membrane systems. Arrhenius plots for the O 2 uptake of cells grown on lactate, and for the motion of a spin label in the lipid moieties of these cells display discontinuities at the same temperature. The characteristic temperature which defines the change in slopes in these plots is dependent upon the physical characteristics of the unsaturated fatty acid that supplemented a given culture. It is inferred that the changes in slopes originate from temperature-dependent changes in the physical state of lipid moieties. Adamantane, a hydrophobic quasi-spherical molecule, was used as a liphophilic perturber to cooperatively hinder the axial ordering of phospholipid alkyl chains. Experimental evidence indicates that adamante lowers the transition temperatures detected from the temperature dependence of the motion of spin labels and from the Arrhenius plots of O 2 uptake. Additional experiments were carried out to determine the effect of other perturbing molecules and of mixtures of unsaturated fatty acids on the temperature dependence of spin-label motion. The approximate coincidence of transition temperatures in both O 2 uptake and spin-label experiments infers that membrane-dependent physiological functions are dependent upon the physical state of membrane lipids.
Coulomb interaction at the superconductor-to-Mott-insulator transition

We reexamine the effects of long-range Coulomb interaction on the onset of superconductivity. We use the model of $N$ complex scalar fields with the Coulomb interaction studied first by Fisher and Grinstein (FG). We find that near $d=3$ space dimension, the system undergoes second order phase transition if $Ng~55.39,$ but undergoes possible fluctuation driven first order transition if $Nl55.39.$ We give the detailed derivation of the field theory renormalization group (RG) of this model to one loop. Our RG results disagree with those of FG near $d=3.$ A possible scenario at $d=2$ is proposed.
Differentiation formulas for stochastic integrals in the plane

Abstract For a one-parameter process of the form Xt=X0+∫t0φsdWs+∫t0ψsds, where W is a Wiener process and ∫φdW is a stochastic integral, a twice continuously differentiable function f(Xt) is again expressible as the sum of a stochastic integral and an ordinary integral via the Ito differentiation formula. In this paper we present a generalization for the stochastic integrals associated with a two-parameter Wiener process. Let {W2, z∈R2+} be a Wiener process with a two-dimensional parameter. Ertwhile, we have defined stochastic integrals ∫ φdW and ∫ψdWdW, as well as mixed integrals ∫h dz dW and ∫gdW dz. Now let Xz be a two-parameter process defined by the sum of these four integrals and an ordinary Lebesgue integral. The objective of this paper is to represent a suitably differentiable function f(Xz) as such a sum once again. In the process we will also derive the (basically one-dimensional) differentiation formulas of f(Xz) on increasing paths in R 2 + .
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Promise and Peril for Primary Care

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 brings both promise and peril for primary care. This Act has the potential to reestablish primary care as the foundation of U.S. health care delivery. The legislation authorizes specific programs to stabilize and expand the primary care physician workforce, provides an immediate 10% increase in primary care physician payment, creates an opportunity to correct the skewed resource-based relative value scale, and supports innovation in primary care practice. Nevertheless, the peril is that the PPACA initiatives may not alter the current trend toward an increasingly specialized physician workforce. To realize the potential for the PPACA to achieve a more equitable balance between generalist and specialist physicians, all primary care advocates must actively engage in the long rebuilding process.
The phasic electrodermal response as a differentiated complex reflecting stimulus significance.

To examine the influence of stimulus significance on the shin conductance response (SCR) a 21 sec. 1000-Hz tone was sounded variously In one car or the other. A click occurred during many tones, and a light signal always followed offset by 9 sec. Four groups were studied: one was told In press a pedal immediately on hearing any click; another only on hearing the click during a tone in a specified ear: a third was also to respond only to the specified ear, but was to withhold the press until the light following tone-offset; a fourth group simply listened without and response. Each of a series of predictions regarding the incremental effect of stimulus significance on the SCR was confirmed, at each point at which information was delivered on any trial - i.e., tone-onset, click, tone-offset, light-onset. This was true for both independent as well us for within-.S (between ear) comparisons. The presence of verbally-induced “significance” as well as the complex nature of its influence indicated the presence of central mediation in the elicitation of “peripheral” SCRs. Was identified which correlated uniquel with motor reaction time, did not habituate, and did not correlate with SCRs elicited by other signals in this task. The execute SCRs did not simply reflect judgments of “significance” rather, it was qualitatively distinguished from other SCRs which, in general, were associated with stimulus “significance” There was some evidence of an alerting SCR too, hut this was less sharply defined.
Catechol-O-methyl transferase in mouse liver plasma membranes

Abstract Catechol-o-methyl transferase is usually localized predominantly in the cytosol fraction of cells, but fractionation of mouse liver showed plasma membranes contain ∼ 70% of the total enzyme activity and have a specific activity ∼ 10x greater than the cytosol fraction. Treatment of the membrane fraction with Lubrol-PX solubilized 47% of the membrane protein and 95% of the enzyme activity. A comparison of Lubrol-solubilized enzyme and [3H]norepinephrine binding activities in a variety of experimental conditions suggest binding is not related to interaction with the active site of catechol-o-methyl transferase. Isoelectric focusing of solubilized membrane proteins showed the enzyme has an isoelectric pH of 4.5-4.8.
Statistics of the geomagnetic secular variation for the past 5 m.y.

A new statistical model is proposed for the geomagnetic secular variation over the past 5Ma. Unlike previous models, the model makes use of statistical characteristics of the present day geomagnetic field. The spatial power spectrum of the non-dipole field is consistent with a white source near the core-mantle boundary with Gaussian distribution. After a suitable scaling, the spherical harmonic coefficients may be regarded as statistical samples from a single giant Gaussian process; this is the model of the non-dipole field. The model can be combined with an arbitrary statistical description of the dipole and probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions can be computed for declination and inclination that would be observed at any site on Earth's surface. Global paleomagnetic data spanning the past 5Ma are used to constrain the statistics of the dipole part of the field. A simple model is found to be consistent with the available data. An advantage of specifying the model in terms of the spherical harmonic coefficients is that it is a complete statistical description of the geomagnetic field, enabling us to test specific properties for a general description. Both intensity and directional data distributions may be tested to see if they satisfy the expected model distributions.