cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative properties of fluorous phosphine ligand complexes: W(CO)5LF. Crystal structure of W(CO)5P(C6H4-4-CH2CH2(CF2)7CF3)3

Abstract The compounds W(CO) 5 P(C 6 H 4 -4-CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 ) 3 ( 1 ) and W(CO) 5 P(CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 ) 3 ( 2 ) were synthesized in order to probe the electronic and physical effects of ligation by perfluorocarbon substituted tertiary phosphine ligands in a W(CO) 5 L complex. The π-accepting ability of the fluorous phosphines was found to rank with non-fluorous comparators as P(CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 ) 3 > P(C 6 H 4 -4-CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 ) 3 > PPh 3 > P( p -tolyl) 3 > P( n -octyl) 3 . The X-ray crystal structure of W(CO) 5 P(C 6 H 4 -4-CH 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 7 CF 3 ) 3 shows strong intermolecular association of fluorous components but confirms that the para fluorocarbon subtituents have an insignificant effect on the tungsten coordination environment. Partition coefficients (toluene/perfluoromethylcyclohexane) were measured for compounds 1 and 2 .
An association between capsulation and phage sensitivity in Erwinia amylovora.

DURING a recent outbreak of fire blight in Britain1,2 more than 150 isolations of the pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, have been made in this laboratory. On initial plating of infected material two types of colony are often observed3. The dominant type has characteristic markings on ‘Yeastrel’ peptone agar plates incubated at 30° C. For convenience, strains which form this type of colony are called ‘typical’; those forming the second type of colony, which is relatively featureless, and less opaque, are called ‘atypical’. Some strains are intermediate in character, even after re-streaking several times. With some such strains the opacity of individual colonies on a single streak plate may show considerable variation, with others, each individual colony appears mottled; marking may or may not be apparent on the more opaque colonies. Some ‘typical’ strains regularly yield a small proportion of unmarked colonies.
Depression in unemployed Swedish women.

Abstract Two groups of Swedish women—51 employed and 96 unemployed—were compared in terms of their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). It was hypothesized that unemployed women would be more depressed than their employed counterparts and further that the distress of unemployment would be reflected in elevations in cortisol values among those who were out of work. It was found, even when controlling for social support, stressful life events and marital status, that depression as seen in the BDI scores, was greater in the unemployed group. However, no relationship was observed between either cortisol and employment status or cortisol and depression.
A radial transport/Fokker-Planck model for a Tokamak plasma☆

Abstract In neutral-beam heated Tokamaks and the two-energy-component toroidal fusion test reactor (TFTR) there is a warm Maxwellian background plasma which can be described by a set of macroscopic transport equations, and one or more energetic species which are quite non-Maxwellian and should be described by the Fokker-Planck equation. The coupling of these systems is by means of sources of particles and energy in the multispecies transport equations and a time-dependent Maxwellian target plasma in the multispecies Fokker-Planck equations. We have developed a new hybrid code which solves the time-dependent equations of these models simultaneously. Numerical results for a TFTR are presented.
Reversal of diabetes-induced rat graft transplant coronary artery disease by metformin

Abstract Background Induction of diabetes in rat heterotopic heart transplantation models leads to an accelerated form of severe transplant coronary artery disease (TxCAD). We undertook this study to determine whether treatment of diabetes with metformin would favorably affect TxCAD. Methods Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation was performed in rat isograft and allograft models. After transplantation, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Fifty percent of the animals received metformin at 500 mg/kg twice daily. We quantitatively assessed TxCAD using histologic sections of harvested hearts at 30 and 60 days with computer-assisted morphometry. We compared vessels in the first tertile of the area distribution with vessels in the last tertile. Results Fasting glucose levels in metformin-treated animals were 161 ± 45 mg/dl compared with 400 ± 120 mg/dl ( p Conclusions Metformin reduced luminal occlusion and severe TxCAD in the larger vessels but did not alter the course of TxCAD in the smaller vessels. These results may have therapeutic implications for patients.
Affine exceptional Jordan algebra and vertex operators

Abstract We give a vertex operator construction of the exceptional Jordan algebra and its affine extension.
A Drosophila CDK5alpha-like molecule and its possible role in response to O(2) deprivation.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator (Cdk5alpha) is an activator of Cdk5 kinase activity and its expression is restricted to neurons. The complex of Ckd5/Cdk5alpha is essential for neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation and possibly also for neuronal degeneration. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a Drosophila Cdk5alpha-like molecule (dCdk5alpha). The gene encoding this molecule is localized in the Drosophila chromosome region of 31D1-31D2. The expression of this gene is differentially regulated with a very low level at earlier developmental stages and reaches the highest level in the adult. The C-terminal of this molecule shares high homology with the mammalian Cdk5alpha molecule. Constitutive over-expression of dCdk5alpha in transgenic flies significantly prolongs their recovery time from 5 min to O(2) deprivation or anoxia in older flies (15 days) but not in young ones (4 days). In addition, anoxia up-regulated the expression of this gene. Taken together, the results in this report and others provide a framework for genetically dissecting the functions of Cdk5alpha/Cdk5 complex in the CNS.
Interval estimation as a function of constant and interrupted stimulation

The present study investigated the relationship between a temporal interval’s perceived length and the amount of stimulus and stimulus change within that interval. In three separate tests, completely filled intervals were found to be significantly overestimated by the Ss in comparison with empty intervals. In contrast to this, interrupted or divided intervals were underestimated.
Environmental effects on radiative rate constants with applications to linear polyenes

An expression for the solvent dependence of the radiative rate constant of a forbidden transition in the presence of vibronic mixing is derived from perturbation theory. The case of nonpolar solvents and nonpolar fluorophores is considered. It is shown that the radiative rate constant, corrected for local field effects, depends on solvent–fluorophore dispersion interactions whose effect is to modulate the energy separation between the vibronically coupled borrowing and lending states. Analysis of radiative rate data for the linear polyenes diphenylhexatriene and trans‐retinol gives quantitative agreement with theory. Other linear polyenes with larger separations between their first two excited singlet states are predicted to have radiative rates which do not vary appreciably with solvent polarizability as is observed. The procedure used to derive an expression for the solvent dependence of the radiative rate is not restricted to the linear polyenes but is generally valid.
Laser ray tracing and power deposition on an unstructured three-dimensional grid

A scheme is presented for laser beam evolution and power deposition on three-dimensional unstructured grids composed of hexahedra, prisms, pyramids, and tetrahedra. The geometrical-optics approximation to the electromagnetic wave equation is used to follow propagation of a collection of discrete rays used to represent the beam(s). Ray trajectory equations are integrated using a method that is second order in time, exact for a constant electron-density gradient, and capable of dealing with density discontinuities that arise in certain hydrodynamics formulations. Power deposition by inverse-bremsstrahlung is modeled with a scheme based on Gaussian quadrature to accommodate a deposition rate whose spatial variation is highly nonuniform. Comparisons with analytic results are given for a density ramp in three dimensions, and a ''quadratic-well'' density trough in two dimensions. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Technology in the Primary School Curriculum: teacher ideas

(1987). Technology in the Primary School Curriculum: teacher ideas. Research in Science & Technological Education: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 167-172.
N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels in pediatric patients with congestive heart failure undergoing cardiac surgery

Objectives The objectives of this study were to measure circulating N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels in pediatric patients undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart lesions with left ventricular volume overload and to determine whether presurgical and immediate postoperative N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels could predict patient outcomes after surgical intervention. Methods Thirty-eight children aged 1 to 36 months undergoing surgical repair of cardiac lesions with left ventricular volume overload were studied. Plasma N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels were measured preoperatively and at 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgical intervention and were assessed for their predictive value of postoperative outcomes. Plasma N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels were also measured in 34 similarly aged healthy children. Results Patient preoperative N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher than those of healthy control subjects (3085 ± 4046 vs 105 ± 78 pg/mL). Preoperative N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels correlated with the complexity of surgical repair, as measured by cardiopulmonary bypass time ( r = 0.529, P r = 0.443, P = .005) and duration of mechanical ventilation ( r = 0.445, P = .005). Plasma N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels increased 5-fold within 12 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (14,685 ± 14,317 pg/mL). Multivariable regression analysis showed that the preoperative N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide level was a significant predictor of duration of intensive care unit stay ( P = .02) and that the peak postoperative N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide level was a significant predictor of the intensity of overall medical management, as assessed by using the therapeutic intervention scoring system ( P = .01). Conclusion Plasma N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels measured preoperatively and postoperatively can be a prognostic indicator in the management of the pediatric patient after surgical intervention for congenital heart repair.
Protein conformation changes on block copolymer surfaces detected by antibody-functionalized atomic force microscope tips

Conformational changes of fibronectin (Fn) deposited on poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers with identical chemical compositions were detected using an antibody-functionalized atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. Based on the antibody-protein adhesive force maps and phase imaging, it was found that the nanomorphology of the triblock copolymer is conducive to the exposure of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) groups in Fn. For the first time, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to elucidate surface chemical composition and confirm AFM results. The findings demonstrate that block copolymer nanomorphology can be used to regulate protein conformation and potentially cellular response.
Atrial fibrillation induced by testing magnet applied to VVI pacemaker.

The first known case of testing magnet-induced atrial fibrillation in a patient with a VVI pacemaker is reported. A macro-re-entry mechanism is postulated, involving retrograde conduction from the ventricle through the AV node to the atrium following an asynchronous pacemaker stimulus.
FPGA Implementation of Real-Time Adaptive Bidirectional Equalization for Histogram

According to the characteristics of infrared images, a contrast enhancement algorithm was presented. The principium of FPGA-based adaptive bidirectional plateau histogram equalization was given in this paper. The plateau value was obtained by finding local maximum and whole maximum in statistical histogram based on dimensional histogram statistic. Statistical histogram was modified by the plateau value and balanced in gray scale and gray spacing. Test data generated by single frame image, which was simulated by FPGA-based real-time adaptive bidirectional plateau histogram equalization. The simulation results indicates that the precept meet the requests well in both the image processing effects and processing speed
Preventing low birth weight in Illinois: outcomes of the family case management program.

Objectives: In the mid 1980's the federal government passed legislation allowing states to expand their Medicaid programs for pregnant women. States were also offered matching funds for “enhanced” prenatal care services. The Illinois Family Case Management (FCM) Program targets low-income women and aims to reduce barriers to prenatal care and infant healthcare utilization and also provides health education. We evaluated the outcome of the Illinois Family Case Management Program (FCM) in preventing low birth weight in Winnebago County. Methods: A total of 6,440 participants were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to test whether number of visits or total hours of visitation were significant protective factors against low birth weight. Results: While participating in the FCM Program resulted in a lower rate of low birth weight delivery, neither increasing time with a family case manager nor increasing number of visits showed statistically significant additional protection against low birth weight delivery after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: In order to further improve program outcomes, efforts need to include improving quality of interventions or developing new interventions rather than simply increasing the amount of current intervention for each participant. The cost effectiveness of shifting FCM Program efforts away from infants (aged 0–1 year) towards improved prenatal interventions should be evaluated.
Transience and Possibility: The Legacy of Rollo May

This brief reverie on transience and possibility is a collage-like piece combining bits of poetry, dream, imagery and prose along with more predictable scholastic fare. It reflects, elliptically, on the legacy of preeminent existential-humanistic psychologist Rollo May, honoring the matrix of thinkers out of which his work emerges even as it suggests, simultaneously, his hallowed place amid a chorus of contemporaneous voices and minds. The intended purpose is two-fold: (1) a poetic introduction for our Eastern colleagues to a genuine Western sage; and (2) a challenge to the West to more resolutely embody the “courage to create” that May saw as foundational to the prospect of becoming truly human. Message and form, as a consequence, are intricately merged.
Inhibition of iridovirus protein synthesis and virus replication by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeted to the major capsid protein, the 18 kDa immediate-early protein, and a viral homolog of RNA polymerase II

Frog virus 3 (FV3) is a large DNA virus that encodes approximately 100 proteins. Although the general features of FV3 replication are known, the specific roles that most viral proteins play in the virus life cycle have not yet been elucidated. To address the question of viral gene function, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (asMOs) were used to transiently knock-down expression of specific viral genes and thus infer their role in virus replication. We designed asMOs directed against the major capsid protein (MCP), an 18 kDa immediate-early protein (18K) that was thought to be a viral regulatory protein, and the viral homologue of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (vPol-IIalpha). All three asMOs successfully inhibited translation of the targeted protein, and two of the three asMOs resulted in marked phenotypic changes. Knock-down of the MCP resulted in a marked reduction in viral titer without a corresponding drop in the synthesis of other late viral proteins. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that in cells treated with the anti-MCP MO assembly sites were devoid of viral particles and contained numerous aberrant structures. In contrast, inhibition of 18K synthesis did not block virion formation, suggesting that the 18K protein was not essential for replication of FV3 in fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Finally, consistent with the view that late viral gene expression is catalyzed by a virus-encoded or virus-modified Pol-II-like protein, knock-down of vPol-IIalpha triggered a global decline in late gene expression and virus yields without affecting the synthesis of early viral genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of using asMOs to elucidate the function of FV3 proteins.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the Mantel test and Procrustes randomization test for exploratory ecological similarity among paleocommunities

Abstract The Mantel test and Procrustes Randomization test (PROTEST) are critically valuable to paleoecological research in allowing statistical evaluation of observed trends in multivariate data. Paleoecological data are inherently multivariate, and feature caveats (varied sample size, hierarchical sampling, multiple independent variables) that make them ill-suited for univariate statistics. Established modern ecological cases demonstrate that the Mantel test and PROTEST of multivariate dataset concordance are statistically powerful, versatile, and appropriate for several types of paleontological data. These two multivariate goodness-of-fit tests are used to compare two paleocommunity datasets, to explore how a dataset of environmental variables compares to a paleocommunity dataset, or to test for spatial or temporal autocorrelation. Here, we 1) compare the performance of the Mantel test and PROTEST under different ecological circumstances by conducting a sensitivity analysis on synthesized data. Synthetic data are calibrated to represent a) fossils sampled evenly along an ecological gradient and b) fossils sampled in distinct clusters within different communities. After calibration, we 2) apply the two multivariate statistical tests to published datasets from two paleocommunity studies. The Mantel test and PROTEST consistently demonstrate similar results based on datasets containing samples ranging from clustered to gradient. However, there were some occasions where the Mantel test was more consistent than the PROTEST. It is advisable to explore both methods when conducting analyses, in conjunction with visual, qualitative assessments of ordinations. These tests will enhance the statistical and interpretive potential of contemporary paleoecological research.
Moore's crystal ball: Device physics and technology past the 15nm generation

This paper will discuss advanced CMOS transistor architectures for the 15nm node and beyond. Transistor architectures such as ultra-thin body (UTB), FinFET (and related architectures such as Trigate, Omega-FET, Pi-FET), and nanowire device architectures will be compared and contrasted. Key technology challenges (such as mobility, resistance and capacitance) shared by all the architectures will be discussed in relation to recent research results. The impact of new transistor architectures on the progression of Moore's Law will be summarized.
Effect of the biologically active fragment of zonula occludens toxin, ΔG, on the intestinal paracellular transport and oral absorption of mannitol

Abstract Objective: Many therapeutically active agents experience low bioavailability upon oral administration due to low permeability, low solubility, interaction with efflux transporters or first pass metabolism. In general, absorption enhancers are agents that can modulate the paracellular permeability of drugs, thus, potentially increasing oral bioavailability. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the active fragment of Zonula occludens toxin (Zot), Δ G , on the transport of a paracellular marker, mannitol, using in vitro (Caco-2 cell monolayers) and in vivo (intraduodenal administration in rats) experimental methods. Methods: The transport of [ 14 C]mannitol with Δ G (0, 50, 80, or 100 μg/ml) was determined across Caco-2 cells. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to receive one of the following treatments: [ 14 C] mannitol (40 μCi/kg), [ 14 C]mannitol/Δ G (417 μg/kg), or [ 14 C] mannitol/Δ G /Protease inhibitors (PI). Results: The mean (±S.E.M.) apparent mannitol permeability coefficients ( P app ) observed after incubation with 0, 50, 80, and 100 μg/ml Δ G were 3.5 (±0.4), 4.17 (±0.27), 4.33 (±0.61), and 9.94 (±0.24)×10 −6 cm/s. After oral administration, C max (3.8×10 −4 vs. 4.4×10 −4 mM) and AUC 0–6 h (0.096 vs. 0.088 mM min), obtained for [ 14 C]mannitol and [ 14 C]mannitol/Δ G , respectively, were not statistically different. However, both C max (7.6×10 −4 mM) and AUC 0–6 h (0.25 mM min) were significantly higher for the [ 14 C]mannitol/Δ G /PI treatment. Conclusions : The 12 kDa fragment of Zot, Δ G , enhanced the in vitro transport and oral absorption of the paracellular marker, mannitol, in the presence of protease inhibitors (PI).
Negative complementation of recA protein by recA1 polypeptide: in vivo recombination requires a multimeric form of recA protein.

Recombination in vivo was studied in recA - heterozygous lacZ merodiploids by performing β-galactosidase assays after infection with λprecA +. Recombination as measured by β-galactosidase production was a linear function of λpecA + multiplicity of infection (MOI) when the strain contained a deletion of the chromosomal recA gene. However, when the strain carried a recA1 missense allele, a higher λprecA + MOI was required to obtain levels of recombination comparable to the Δ(recA) strain, and the slope of the dose-response curve increased to approximately two. It is proposed that negative complementation occurs in mixed tetramers of wild-type and missense recA polypeptides, and that in vivo recombination is a property of a multimeric form of recA protein.
Patient-centered variables in primary and team nursing

Patient-centered variables and their relationship to primary and team nursing have rarely been studied. In the present study the investigation focused on the following patient-centered variables: nurturance received, patient involvement, and frequency of nurse-patient contacts. Baseline observational data were collected on 12 adult medical patients experiencing team nursing care. A primary nursing care approach was then implemented on the same nursing unit, and 6 months later 12 patients were observed under this system. Patients were directly observed 24 hours a day for 5 days of hospitalization and audiotaped, using a specimen record method. This method produced transcripts that were coded for nurturance, involvement, and nurse-patient contacts. Results of the study showed that there were no differences between primary and team nursing care groups in the number of contacts, nurturance, or patient involvement with all nursing personnel or with professional nurses. However, when the primary group was adjusted to include only those patients for whom primary nursing care was fully implemented, the primary group received more nurturance (p less than .05) and had a tendency to be more active involved than did the team group (p less than .10). These findings indicate that the institution of primary nursing care is related to increased quality of nursing care.
Differential association of the auxiliary subunit Kvβ2 with Kv1.4 and Kv4.3 K+ channels

KvL2 subunits associate with Kv1 and Kv4 K + chan- nels, but the basis of preferential association is not understood. For example, detergent resistance suggests stronger auxiliary subunit association with Kv4.2 than with Kv1.2, but KvL2 pref- erentiallylocalizes with the latter channels in brain. Here we examine the interaction of KvL2 with two native binding part- ners in brain: Kv4.3 and Kv1.4. We show that the auxiliary subunit binds more e⁄cientlyto Kv1.4 than to Kv4.3 in mam- malian cells. However, preexisting KvL L2 complexes with Kv1.4 and Kv4.3 have similar detergent sensitivity. Thus, preferential steadystate binding mayre£ect a diierence in initial associa- tion rather than stability. We also ¢nd that that the cytoplasmic C-terminus of Kv4.3 inhibits KvL2 association. Apparently, a region proximal to the Kv4.3 pore contributes to the ine⁄cient auxiliarysubunit interaction that produces preferential binding of KvL2 to Kv1 channels. , 2003 Published byElsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Effects of Type of Recommendation, Attire, and Perceived Expertise on Parental Compliance

Summary The present study examined the effects of type of recommendation (high information vs. incentive vs. control), attire (formal vs. informal), and perceived level of communicator expertise on the social power of a pscyhologist who attempts to influence behaviorally a parent in an elementary school setting. The sample consisted of 84 white, middle-class mother-child pairs. All children were individually tested on measures of reading achievement. The parents of those children who scored below grade level were invited to meet with the psychologist. During the conference he gave one of three types of a recommendation, advising that the mother purchase a book designed to help the child improve in reading. Results indicated that compliance varied directly with the type of recommendation. The recommendation with an incentive led to the greatest level of compliance. Both perceived level of expertise and attire of the psychologist were found to have no effect. An additional finding indicated greater social p...
Influences of Near-Wall and Induced Irrotational Motion in a Turbulent Boundary Layer on Wall Pressure Fluctuations

While many studies have investigated the influence of flow structure in a turbulent boundary layer on the wall pressure signature, the conclusion of these studies have often been limited due to their reliance on a single observation. These single observations include investigations using one signal processing method over a range of locations, or a variety of signal processing techniques at a single location in the boundary layer. Hence, the conclusions often include conjecture on the impact of the flow structure at other physical locations, as well as predictions on the observable effect of flow structure should the turbulence be examined with a different signal processing perspective. In the current study, experimental data of simultaneous wall pressure and velocity fluctuations across the boundary layer have been obtained in a low-noise flow facility. These data have been examined using a variety of signal processing techniques, including probability distributions and spectral analysis. The distinct features of the Reynolds stress within the boundary layer and the observed irrotational motion at the outer edge of the boundary layer were evident in the results from each signal processing method. The influence of these two flow patterns on the wall pressure spectrum was identified and support conjecturesmore » made on the correlation between turbulence source locations and frequency bands in the wall pressure spectrum. The investigation demonstrates the necessity and utility of multiple perspectives over a range of spatial locations to study turbulence.« less
Taking Thy Husband's Name: The Role of Religious Affiliation

AbstractThis study examined the influence of religion on women's decision to retain their birth names after marriage. Samples (N = 2575) were derived from wedding announcements in the New York Times, a major US newspaper. Multivariate analysis, controlling for age and year of marriage, indicated that the net effect of religion accounted for 2.6 percent of the likelihood of name keeping (p<.001). The highest percentage of women retaining birth names were those marrying in civil ceremonies (55.9%). Women marrying in Catholic ceremonies were least likely to keep their birth names (24.6%), followed by those marrying in Protestant (27.9%) and Jewish (37.5%) ceremonies. There was a systematic age-related increase in the likelihood that a woman would keep their birth name that lessened the role of religion on name keeping. Women who married at 35–39 years of age were 6.4 times more likely to keep her birth name compared to women 20–24 years of age. Although women who married in 2007–2008 were 3.1 times more like...
Accelerator mass spectrometry in geologic research

The ability of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to measure very small concentrations of the nuclides 10 Be, 14 C, 26 Al, 36 Cl, and 129 I has led to many innovative applications in geologic research. To take advantage of this opportunity in the geosciences, it is important to understand how AMS works, how these nuclides are produced, and how they can be applied to geologic problems. We first discuss the basics of AMS, explaining what gives the method its ability to count small numbers of these nuclides. We review how these nuclides are produced and transported in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. We then explain the ways that AMS is being used to solve a wide range of problems in geologic research by discussing specific applications in areas such as geomorphology, tectonics, climatology, hydrology, and geochronology.
Natural History of Hypertension in Renal Parenchymal Disease

This paper discusses the author's version of the known and unknown in the natural history of hypertension in renal parenchymal disease. Discussed in particular are the prevalence of hypertension in various forms of renal parenchymal disease at various levels of renal function, pathogenesis of hypertension in renal parenchymal disease, and the course of hypertension in these diseases.
A direct rf to optical frequency measurement with a femtosecond laser comb spanning 300 THz

Summary form only given. We report an absolute measurement of the optical frequency of a stabilized Nd:YAG laser by measuring the gap between its fundamental f/sub 1064/ and second harmonic 2f/sub 1064/ using a fs laser frequency comb which has been broadened in a silica microstructure fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first ever direct rf to optical frequency measurement using a single optical frequency comb and it provides the means for compact optical frequency standards that are readily compared to the cesium microwave standard.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptotic Signalling in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

The human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae recruits and interacts extensively with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during infection. N. gonorrhoeae is able to survive the bactericidal activity of these innate immune cells and can actively modulate PMN functions in vitro. PMNs are short-lived cells which readily undergo apoptosis, and thus the effect of N. gonorrhoeae infection on PMN survival has implications for whether PMNs might serve as an important site of bacterial replication during infection. We developed and validated an HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell culture model for PMN infection and used both these cells and primary PMNs to show that N. gonorrhoeae infection alone does not induce apoptosis and furthermore that N. gonorrhoeae can inhibit both spontaneous apoptosis and apoptosis induced by the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis inducers staurosporine (STS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), respectively. N. gonorrhoeae infection also results in the activation of NF-κB signaling in neutrophils and induces secretion of an identical profile of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both HL-60 cells and primary PMNs. Our data show that the HL-60 cell line can be used to effectively model N. gonorrhoeae-PMN interactions and that N. gonorrhoeae actively inhibits apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli to prolong PMN survival and potentially facilitate bacterial survival, replication, and transmission.
Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Growth via CVD Synthesis from a Liquid Precursor

As novel theories and uses of carbon nanotubes (CNT) advance, it becomes increasingly important to characterize the methods of production. One such method of CNT production uses a liquid phase precursor (hydrocarbon with nanoparticle catalyst mix) that is injected into a tube furnace with a flowing carrier gas. The CNTs are grown in high purity and are collected on the surface of the quartz tube. The system allows for a number of variables to be tested such as growth temperatures, flow rate of the carrier gas, precursor injection rates and variations of precursor mix however, here only thermal effects are considered. Under thermal conditions ranging from 500 to 850°C, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are synthesized and characterized to determine inner and outer diameter as well as tube thickness.
Can Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Be Used With Mediastinal Chemoradiation for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?: A Dosimetric Evaluation

Purpose/Objective(s): Current therapy of stage 3 NSCLC is unsatisfactory. One strategy is to treat the mediastinum with conventional chemoradiation (CRT) together with SBRT to primary tumor. This could improve local control of the primary tumor as well as decease normal tissue toxicity, particularly in between primary and nodes. This strategy also allows assessment of primary tumor response to chemotherapeutics in the absence of radiation, which may influence subsequent chemotherapy. Finally the PTV for SBRT may be decreased if the primary responds to chemotherapy. However SBRT with mediastinal CRT may exceed normal tissue tolerance. We analyzed seven stage 3 NSCLC plans and asked a) whether the mediastinal CRT influenced the ability to meet RTOG dosimetric constraints for SBRT and b) whether normal tissue dose was increased by adding SBRT to mediastinal CRT. Materials/Methods: Seven stage 3 NSCLC patients treated with standard CRT were identified. Plans were created for mediastinal CRT to 60 Gy in 30 fractions to PTV-mediastinum (GTV + 15-20 mm). SBRT to 50 Gy in 5 fractions to PTV-primary (GTV + axial 5 mm, craniocaudal 10 mm) was also planned. A composite plan was created with linear-quadratic equivalent dose (LQED) calculation complying with typical constraints for both fractionations. The LQED contribution from CRT vs SBRT was compared for pertinent structures. Results: SBRT without CRT met all RTOG 0813 constraints. Composite plans complied with both SBRT and CRT constraints for three patients. Two patients met all constraints except SBRT lung V20 <10% and CRT lung V20 <25% (see Table). The last two patients met neither SBRT nor CRT lung V20, cumulatively or with CRT alone, but had small lung volumes or large tumor burden. Conclusions: RTOG dosimetric constraints can be met when combining mediastinal CRT with SBRT of the primary lung tumor, as per cumulative LQED, although CRT can triple the lung V20 from SBRT alone. Addition of SBRT to mediastinal CRT increased V20 by about a third but the cumulative V20 was still under 25% for a third of patients. For appropriate stage III lung cancer patients with small volume disease or large lung capacity, this therapy may improve local control and normal tissue tolerance as well as aid assessment of chemotherapeutic effect. These findings support development of a clinical trial. Author Disclosure: N. Jenkins: None. K. Wijesooriya: None. C.E. Geesey: None. J.M. Larner: None.
Changing American College Students’ Conceptions of Poverty Through Community Service Learning

Americans’ beliefs about the causes of poverty and inequality have a direct impact on public support for economic and social policies designed to reduce poverty. This study considered the impact of the Pulse Program at Boston College on participating students’ beliefs about the causes of poverty. The Pulse Program is a community service learning program sponsored jointly by Boston College's philosophy and theology departments. Through a mixed-methods research design involving random assignment to a treatment or a control group, the authors found that Boston College students participating in the Pulse Program demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward an understanding of poverty that emphasized structural causes over individual causes.
Elimination based Fault Localization in shared resource environments

Fault Localization is the process to identify the component(s) that is the exact source of failure given a set of observed failure indications. Despite being a focus of research for a long time, fault localization is still deemed to be a challenge due to the complexity of current distributed environment. Growing adoption of cloud computing wherein multiple applications share multiple resources increases the complexity of the problem. Existing probing techniques are found to be inefficient due to large number of applications and resources. Availability and utilization of such shared resource environment trigger the need for finding other novel techniques to fault localization. In this paper, we present an elimination-based fault localization method that leverages shared resources among applications. Shared resources are used as ‘Readily Available Probes’ to find the real-time state of applications. These probes are used to eliminate non-faulty resources leaving minimal subset of resources that are likely to the faulty components. We show this method significantly reduces the effort required to design and implement probes. Various experiments demonstrate that our method reduces time taken and increases efficiency and accuracy of problem determination.
Laminations of the Oligocene Florissant Lake Deposits, Colorado

Outcrops of the Oligocene Florissant Lake Beds occupy nearly 15 square miles in central Colorado. Faulting and erosion determine present outcrop distribution, and only the complex laminations which were deposited in the profundal zone of the lake are preserved. The lake deposits are composed primarily of volcanic debris, including pumice and ash, and of quantitatively minor biogenic components: diatomite and sapropel. The predominant type of lamination is the alternation of diatomite and sapropel which averages 1mm in thickness. Another type of alternation, with an average thickness of about 8 mm, consists of a graded tuff lamina overlain by one or more diatomite-sapropel couplets. A third type of lamination consists of inversely graded yellow pumice layers sporadically interbedded with diatomite-sapropel couplets; average thickness of the pumice layers is about 1.5 cm. Each diatomite-sapropel couplet represents 1year (varve) and is the normal sedimentary process. By analogy with modern periodicity of plankton production, the diatomite laminae are accumulations of spring diatom blooms. The sapropel represents late summer and early fall accumulations of other plankton. Graded pumice layers are associated with woody debris and were probably brought into the basin by floods. Most of the graded tuff laminae were deposited farther from shore, are more frequent and regularly occurring than pumice layers, and may be the result of storm redistribution of sediment from the margin of the lake. The nature and preservation of the Florissant laminations indicate a chemically stratified lake with a circulating, slightly alkaline upper layer and a stagnant, relatively acidic, oxygen-depleted lower layer.
Structural tailoring of hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) multilayer thin films for reduced gas permeability

Hydrogen bonded poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) layer-by-layer assemblies are highly elastomeric, but more permeable than ionically bonded thin films. In order to expand the use of hydrogen-bonded assemblies to applications that require a better gas barrier, the effect of assembling pH on the oxygen permeability of PAA/PEO multilayer thin films was investigated. Altering the assembling pH leads to significant changes in phase morphology and bonding. The amount of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PAA and PEO is found to increase with increasing pH due to reduction of COOH dimers between PAA chains. This improved bonding leads to smaller PEO domains and lower gas permeability. Further increasing the pH beyond 2.75 results in higher oxygen permeability due to partial deprotonation of PAA. By setting the assembling pH at 2.75, the negative impacts of COOH dimer formation and PAA ionization on intermolecular hydrogen bonding can be minimized, leading to a 50% reduction in the oxygen permeability of the PAA/PEO thin film. A 20 bilayer coating reduces the oxygen transmission rate of a 1.58 mm natural rubber substrate by 20×. These unique nanocoatings provide the opportunity to impart a gas barrier to elastomeric substrates without altering their mechanical behavior.
The Importance of Subjective Norms on Intentions to Perform Health Behaviors

Trafimow & Finlay (1996) employed between- and within-subjects analyses to show that people, as well as behaviors, can be under attitudinal or normative control. Using both types of analyses, Finlay, Trafimow & Jones (1997) provided evidence that subjective norms are particularly important in the health domain. The current research compares health and domain general behaviors to show that people intend to perform health behaviors that have relatively large subjective norm beta weights more than those with smaller normative beta weights. Also, people whose behaviors are generally under normative control intend to perform more healthful behaviors than do people whose behaviors are generally under attitudinal control. These results were not found using domain-general behaviors.
Optimum Design and Operation of Thermoelectric Heat Pump With Two Temperatures

We present a comprehensive analysis and optimization of the thermoelectric (TE) heat pump and refrigeration in contact with two constant-temperature reservoirs, followed by a discussion of their cost effectiveness. In many applications in electronics cooling, the heat source temperature is constrained as well as the gas or liquid cooling heat sink. We optimize the thermoelectric design by changing both the element (leg) thickness and drive current simultaneously in order to achieve maximum energy efficiency, i.e., to obtain the highest coefficient of performance (COP) for the heat pump. Each variable and performance is considered per unit area.COP vs cooling capacity, which is the heat amount pumped, by changing the driving current, shows a unique characteristic and it looks like the Greek character ‘beta’ in a plot. This ‘beta plot’ gives a global view of the performance of various TE heat pump systems. We discuss the similarity with the graph obtained in power generation in contact with the constant temperature reservoirs when the trade-off between the efficiency and power output is considered. In this plot, the maximum COP is found at a much smaller current compared to the maximum heat cooling capacity Qmax. This Qmax is found when the internal resistance is sqrt (1 + ZT) times the sum of the external resistances, but only when these contacts are symmetric and the net temperature difference is zero. The ratio increases slightly as the net temperature difference increases (heat pumping to a higher temperature). This shows some differences compared to the power generation mode where an impedance match happens when the ratio of internal to external resistances is constant at sqrt (1 + ZT). If the contact thermal resistances with the hot and cold sides are asymmetric, Qmax and the optimum resistance ratio are both reduced when the heat sink resistance increases and they both increase as the heat sink resistance decreases.TE materials are expensive relative to the other components; hence, it is important to minimize the material use. The COP per cost and cooling capacity per cost are investigated. Similar to power generators, the TE element can be thinner as the fractional area coverage of the TE elements is reduced, while maintaining a constant internal thermal resistance. The most cost effective design is found to be thinner than that of the maximum performance. Also, the ZT value impact for the cost performances is smaller, especially in COP.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enrichment of Polyphenol Oxidase from Theobroma cacao Seeds

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from cocoa beans and subsequently purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for enrichment. HPLC analysis was performed using hydrophobic interaction chromatography which resulted in a 6.5-fold enrichment and a 24.6% recovery of the enzyme. Enrichment was confirmed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Comparison of enzyme- and protein-stained electrophoretic gels revealed the presence of possible multiple molecular forms of PPO and the absence of non-enzymic contaminating protein, indicating a rapid procedure of enzyme extraction and enrichment.
Art Caplan's Missed Opportunity to Engage Across Difference on Abortion.

Professor Caplan's review of Beyond the Abortion Wars: A Way Forward for a New Generation is not a serious engagement with my book. It inexplicably ignores central points—and even entire chapters—t...
“Statistics” in a Mathematical Encyclopedic Dictionary

(1922). “Statistics” in a Mathematical Encyclopedic Dictionary. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 333-337.
Potato Foliage Sugar Concentration in Relation to Infestation by the Potato Leaf hopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

Total sugar in potato foliage was measured periodically from terminal, mid-range, and basal-fourth leaves of a potato leaf hopper tolerant variety, Sequoia, and a suscept, Irish Cobbler, both grown under conditions of (a) no nymphal infestation (i.e., DDT-sprayed), and of (b) natural infestation by Empoasca fabae (Harris). Sugar concentration was normally higher in the tolerant variety. In both varieties, concentrations were progressively less from terminal, to mid-range, to basal foliage. But following leafhopper infestation elevation of sugar concentrations was progressively greater from terminal, to midrange, to basal foliage. Greatest elevation of sugar concentration occurred in physiologically aged basal leaves of the suscept where necrosis and destruction of primary foliage is severe. Occurrence of elevated sugar concentration in leaves of infested plants suggests a feedback mechanism enhancing the nutritional suitability of the host spurred by potato leafhopper infestation, Under natural processes of evolution the suscept would not withstand the selective pressure of heavy E. fabae infestation.
Marketing at a Crossroads: Towards Implementation of the Scientific Ethos

As marketing moves towards establishing itself as a science, marketers must consider what measures are to be taken to best accomplish this feat. This paper first examines the Mertonian normative model of how science operates achieving the goal of accumulating knowledge and then assesses how the discipline of marketing fares when compared against this model. In areas where marketing appears to fall short, recommendations for improvement are made.
Extraction Genomic DNA from Endophytic Actinomyces Using Benzyl Chloride

Taking endophytic actinomyces GL0806123 as materials,the extraction genomic DNA using benzyl chloride were investigated in this paper.The study aimed to establish a novel method to extract the genomic DNA from endophytic actinomyces using benzyl chloride.The results showed that the genomic DNA extraction was had extracted successfully from endophytic actinomyces using benzyl chloride.And 16S rDNA was amplification with this DNA as PCR templates,then GL0806123 was identified based on this 16S rDNA sequence.Benzyl chloride method was a rapid method to extract the genomic DNA from endophytic actinomyces.
Mother-infant feeding interaction and weight gain in the first month of life.

A lack of synchrony between the caretaker and the infant during feeding may imperil the infants growth process.