cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: reading and writing the economic present

This introduction to the issue offers an overview of current debates on neoliberalism as it relates to the contemporary novel. Distinguishing it from the novel of globalisation and the cosmopolitan novel, we suggest that the neoliberal novel is one particularly attuned to the economic rationalities of its time; it signals an attention to the ways novels circulate in an economic and geopolitical field and a consideration of the apparatus that structures the exchange and distribution of texts. We argue that the neoliberal novel is as much about methods and priorities of reading as it is about mimesis, thematics, or content. We also consider the way that, in addition to making visible the transformation of neoliberal economic values into cultural norms, the neoliberal novel is implicated in forms of power and the consent they require. Rather than seeing the multiple paths of the contemporary novel as signs of its superfluity or its capitulation to capital, this special issue attends to how this multiplicity ...
Bifurcation computations on an approximate inertial manifold for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract We compare the minimum number of modes needed to capture certain bifurcations of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations by a certain nonlinear Galerkin method and by the traditional Galerkin method. The boundary conditions are periodic and the forcing is in a single mode. Two different choices of the forcing mode are tested. We introduce and implement a homotopy which allows continuation between approximations of different size.
DEFINING MATHEMATICS COMPETENCY IN THE SERVICE OF COGNITIVELY BASED ASSESSMENT FOR GRADES 6 THROUGH 8

This report makes recommendations for the development of middle-school assessment in mathematics, based on a synthesis of scientific findings in cognitive psychology and mathematics education. The focus is on background research, rather than test specifications or example tasks. Readers interested in early development and pilot efforts associated with the Cognitively Based Assessment of, for, and as Learning (CBAL) project in mathematics (for which this review helped provide a theoretical foundation) should consult Graf, Harris, Marquez, Fife, and Redman (2009). The organization of the report is motivated by the evidence-centered design (ECD) approach to assessment developed by Mislevy and colleagues (e.g., see Mislevy, Steinberg, & Almond, 2003). The first section consists of a broad literature review that characterizes mathematical competency with respect to both content and process. Subsequent sections discuss: how to model mathematical competency at the middle school level, the kinds of evidence that reflect the level of student competency and support future learning, and how to design tasks that elicit the target evidence.
The ionization of boric acid in NaCl, NaCaCl and NaMgCl solutions at 25°C

Abstract The stoichiometric pK ★ for the ionization of boric acid has been determined from emf measurements in pure NaCl solution and in NaCl solution with small amounts of added CaCl2 and MgCl2 from I = 0.5 to 6.0 molal at 25°C. Our results in NaCl media at low concentrations are in good agreement (±0.01 pK units) with the results of Owen and King (1943). From the values of the pK★ we have determined the Pitzer parameters β 0 , β 1 and Co for the interactions of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with B(OH)4−. Ion pairing constants for the interaction of borate ion with Ca2+ and Mg2+ were also determined from I = 0.5 to 6 m and values were extrapolated to pure water. These interactions are weak and the pK 's in water and in NaCl solution are in reasonable agreement with values of other workers. Pitzer terms (β[MA]Cl0) for the interaction of [MA] ion pairs with Cl− were also determined. The pK HA ★ data can be fitted within experimental error with one less parameter using the combined ion pairing/Pitzer approach than when using the Pitzer formalism alone. We, thus, favor the combined approach for calculating the ionic interactions in these solutions.
How should left atrial size be reported? Comparative assessment with use of multiple echocardiographic methods.

Abstract Background Determination of left atrial (LA) size is important in clinical decision-making. The LA anteroposterior dimension (APD) has been routinely reported as LA size assessment. Early studies indicated that the APD may have limited accuracy in quantification. Conventional 3-dimensional reconstruction (C3DR) of the LA has been validated. However, its process is time-consuming and not applicable for daily practice. To explore an accurate and practical approach, we compared different echocardiographic measurements with C3DR in 141 patients with different LA sizes. Methods and results LA size was measured with (1) the cubic equation with APD (Cub); (2) the ellipsoidal formula (Ellp); (3) biplane modified Simpson rule (biplane); and (4) simplified 3-dimensional reconstruction from 3 standard apical views with B spline interpolation (S3VR). All four methods were compared with C3DR. S3VR and biplane methods provided a close agreement to C3DR ( y = 0.94 x + 3.6, r = 0.95, SEE=7.6 mL, mean difference=−1.3% for S3VR; y = 0.87 x + 2.9, r = 0.91, SEE=9.0 mL, mean difference=−9.4% for biplane). The Cub and Ellp calculations were less accurate, with significant volume underestimation ( P Conclusions LA single dimension is not accurate for LA size measurement. Among four different methods of LA size measurement, biplane and S3VR provide the closest agreement to C3DR. The biplane, which is readily applicable with current echocardiographic equipment, should be routinely applied in clinical practice.
Safety Effects of Shared Resources in Multicore Processors

This paper reports on experiments to determine potential risks in using multicore processors for safety-critical applications. The risks are due to an application in one core accessing resources that are shared by multiple cores. If they are proven and cannot be mitigated by an ARINC 653-1 and DO-178B compliant operating system, the existence of these vulnerabilities will affect the way multicore processors can be used in safety-critical applications. This study was done specifically on a dual-core processor, the Freescale TM PowerPC 8572, but similar concerns could be expected on any multicore processor that has a similar architecture. These experiments were selected based on an earlier study of the PowerPC 8572 technical documentation.
Does fibromyalgia influence symptom bother from pelvic organ prolapse

Introduction and hypothesis Determine if women with fibromyalgia report increased bother from pelvic organ prolapse compared with women without fibromyalgia.
Energy Conservation Error in the Material Point Method for Solid Mechanics

The material point method (MPM) for solid mechanics conserves mass and momentum by construction, but energy conservation is not explicitly enforced. Material constitutive response and internal energy are carried on discrete points (material points), while the governing equations are solved on an overlying grid. The constitutive response (and internal energy) may be updated at the beginning or end of a numerical time step without affecting mass or momentum conservation properties. Both versions of the algorithm have been applied in the literature. Here energy conservation on the material points is investigated and found to depend strongly on the version of the algorithm used. The energy error is found and partitioned into two terms, one of which is of definite sign (and dissipative). The other term is indefinite, and of opposite sign for the two algorithmic variations. It is shown analytically for a single-material-point free-vibration example that one version of the algorithm is strictly dissipative. For the other version the error terms cancel each other out and energy is conserved. The same trends are borne out in numerical solutions of free axial vibration of continuum bars as the wavelength of the vibrational mode begins to approach the computational cell size. The dissipative algorithm may be described as tending to damp out unresolved modes. For resolved modes, both algorithms give identical results, with no perceptible energy error or dissipation. It is suggested that the dissipative algorithm is a better choice in general, as the damping is consistent with the accuracy of the solution.
Interorganizational Linkages and Service and Personnel Shortages in Rural Nursing Homes

Increased demands on nursing homes for more diversified and technically complex services pose particular challenges for rural facilities. Because coordinating mechanisms have been proposed as a management strategy to deal with these issues, we studied the relationship between interorganizational linkages and shortages of personnel and services in a sample of 152 rural Pennsylvania nursing homes. Significant shortages of health care personnel that are central to long-term care were reported, as were shortages of services, especially for ventilator-dependent and demented residents. Although no evidence exists that coordination efforts were effective remedies to these problems in early 1992, it is apparent that managing patient/resident flows between hospitals and nursing homes through contractual agreements and other forms of "coordination" was identified as a strategy. Further research is required to assess the effectiveness of these types of agreements in terms of ensuring the continuity and quality of lo...
Acceptor Specificity Observed with Crude Preparation of Nucleoside Phosphotransferases

The acceptor specificities of bacterial nucleoside phosphotransferase were further investigated by phosphorylating various kinds of nucleoside analogues. The bacteria belonging to A group(5′-nucleotide former) specifically phosphorylated the primary alcohol at 5′-position of nucleosides and their analogues, such as adenine xyloside, psicofuranine and pseudouridine, while the others belonging to B group (3′(2′)-nucleotide former) the secondary alcohol at 3′(2′)-position. The phosphorylation at 5′-primary alcohol with the bacteria belonging to A group, however, was prohibited mainly by phosphoryl-or amino-radical at 3′-position, as observed in the case of 3′-nucleotide or amino-nucleoside (or puromycin), depending on the steric conformation around the 3′-position of acceptor. Besides, both types of nucleoside phosphotransferases were also able to phosphorylate nucleoside having a C-C-linkage between base and sugar moieties.
What Moves Policy Sentiment

In spite of the fact that political eras in the United States are widely (and often ambiguously) defined in terms of a general policy sentiment or mood, political scientists have done little in the way of rigorous analysis regarding this subject. I argue that shifts in domestic policy sentiment along a liberal–conservative continuum may be understood in part as responses to changing economic expectations. Specifically, expectations of a strong economy result in greater support for liberal domestic policies, whereas anticipation of declining economic conditions pushes the national policy mood to the right. Using quarterly data for the period 1968–88, I present a multiple-time-series error correction model that lends considerable support to the hypothesis.
Local predictive influence in Bayesian linear models with conjugate priors

Cook (1986) presented the idea of local influence to study the sensitivity of inferences to model assumptions:introduce a vector δ of perturbations to the model; choose a discrepancy function D to measure differences between the original inference and the inference under the perturbed model; study the behavior of D near δ = 0, the original model, usually by taking derivatives. Johnson and Geisser (1983) measure influence in Bayesian inference by the Kullback-Leibler divergence between predictive distributions. I~IcCulloch (1989) is a synthesis of Cook and Johnson and Geisser, using Kullback-Leibler divergence between posterior or predictive distributions as the discrepancy function in Bayesian local influence analyses. We analyze a special case for which McCulloch gives the general theory; namely, the linear model with conjugate prior. We present specific formulae for local influence measures for 1) changes in the parameters of the gamma prior for the precision, 2) changes in the mean of the normal prior ...
Field validation of an inexpensive time‐depth recorder

Time-depth recorders (TDRs) have proven to be an essential tool in studying the at-sea behavior of marine and aquatic animals (Kooyman 2004, Shaffer and Costa 2006). While their use is often limited by the difficulty of capturing and tagging the animal, in many cases the cost of the tag is the limiting factor (Wilson et al. 1989, Ropert-Coudert and Wilson 2004). Reduced instrument costs could benefit research on diving vertebrates by affording increased sample sizes, extending the scope of research objectives within and among species, and opening this technology to a larger segment of the research community. One reason that the currently available TDRs are expensive is that they are developed explicitly for the animal tagging research market. Relatively small demand coupled with large investments in research, development, and quality control has led to increased precision, accuracy, and reliability. One way of reducing the cost of TDRs is to take advantage of products designed for a high-volume market, such as the dive computers used for recreation sport divers. While these have been bulky and limited to a few dives over a period of hours, new devices are available that can provide an inexpensive alternative to existing animal tags (approximately one-tenth of the price). With the exception of maximum readable depth, the Sensus Ultra TDR (ReefNet Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) has pressure and temperature sensor specifications similar or superior to most other commercially available electronic TDRs (Table 1). Memory capacity, depth rating, and additional sensor options are limited by comparison, but the Sensus Ultra TDR remains compatible with the diving behavior of many species. Here, we conduct an in-field comparison of the Sensus Ultra TDR against a purpose-built marine animal TDR (Wildlife Computers,
Who Participates? Determinants of Political Action in Mexico

This article seeks to determine the main predictors of political participation in a newly democratic regime: Mexico. Compared to other nations, Mexico fills a moderate position in terms of the volume of political participation. Following the literature on participation, this study develops a set of participant modes—voting, communal activity, petitioning, direct action, and political organization membership—and then seeks to determine the socioeconomic, demographic, attitudinal, and social capital factors that best explain participation. Distinct resource inequalities limit the participation of the less educated, the poor, women, and workers, although peasant participation is robust. The strongest determinant of political participation of all kinds is involvement in social capital–generating activities: belonging to nonpolitical organizations and engaging in charitable work, activities typically dominated by the middle class. Building social capital is essential to promoting robust rates of political participation in Mexico.
Calcium signalling in the guidance of nerve growth by netrin-1

Pathfinding by growing axons in the developing nervous system is guided by diffusible or bound factors that attract or repel the axonal growth cone. The cytoplasmic signalling mechanisms that trigger the responses of the growth cone to guidance factors are mostly unknown. Previous studies have shown that the level and temporal patterns of cytoplasmic Ca2+ can regulate the rate of growth-cone extension in vitro and in vivo. Here we report that Ca2+ also mediates the turning behaviour of the growth cones of cultured Xenopus neurons that are induced by an extracellular gradient of netrin-1, an established diffusible guidance factor in vivo. The netrin-1-induced turning response depends on Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, as well as Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from cytoplasmic stores. Reduction of Ca2+ signals by blocking either of these two Ca2+ sources converted the netrin-1-induced response from attraction to repulsion. Activation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from internal stores with a gradient of ryanodine in the absence of netrin-1 was sufficient to trigger either attractive or repulsive responses, depending on the ryanodine concentration used. These results support the model that cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals mediate growth-cone guidance by netrin-1, and different patterns of Ca2+ elevation trigger attractive and repulsive turning responses.
On the optimality of extended maximal length linear feedback shift register sequences

Abstract Maximal length linear feedback shift register sequences (or m -sequences) are widely used as experimental designs for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. However, the statistical optimality of these designs has not been proven. Here, we present and study an extended version of m -sequences and show that these designs are optimal.
Immunologic response to acute psychological stress in MS patients and controls

To determine whether MS patients differ from healthy subjects in stress-related immune changes, we examined immunologic alterations following a public speaking task in 25 MS patients and 25 healthy controls. Both groups demonstrated similar autonomic, neuroendocrine and immunologic responses to acute stress. Neutrophils, monocytes, CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells transiently increased, with parallel changes in NK-cell activity. T-cell proliferation declined at 20 min, followed by increased reactivity at 60 min relative to baseline. This data suggests that stress-induced immune alterations remain intact in MS patients, and may contribute to immune changes associated with disease exacerbation.
Lactobezoar in Prematurity: A Case with Prolonged Resolution

Lactobezoar is a foreign body produced in the gastrointestinal tract by the presence and accumulation of undigested milk curds. It is seen most com monly in low-birth-weight, premature infants fed with 24-calorie formulas. Conventional therapy includes withholding feedings, repeated gastric lavage, and maintenance of nutrition and hydration by the parenteral route. Most cases respond to this regimen within 48 to 72 hours. We present a case of gastric lactobezoar in a premature, small for gestational age infant who was fed a 24-calorie formula but failed to respond to conventional therapy for more than ,a week. Historical background and pathophysiology of lactobezoar are discussed.
Rethinking “Cognitive” Enhancement: The Ethical Stakes of User Perspectives

Vrecko (2013) presents one of the few qualitative studies of the perspectives and experiences of individuals using enhancements, focusing on students using prescription pharmaceuticals to boost aca...
No slacker on team programming projects

It is necessary for students to learn how to program in a team environment because they will be required to do so in industry after graduation. However, it is difficult to ensure that each student on an academic team is contributing significantly to the overall team effort. The authors describe several failed attempts to grade teamwork fairly and a new method that guarantees individual accountability in a team environment. This last method promotes fairness in grading each member's work on a team.
Religion as DUP activity

Can religion be rescued from the dark recesses of our souls and brought into the intellectual folds of the dismal discipline of Economics? Along with mortal suicide and divorce, divine Providence should be readily vulnerable to the desiccated diagnosis of conventional economics. At the same time, a quiet contemplation of the social scene on Sundays in Christian countries, if not a pleasurable afternoon spent with G.K. Chesterson's entertaining Father Brown, immediately suggests that organized religion, where man must stand on the shoulders of other men to reach out to the heavens above, may be yet another DUP (directly-unproductive, profit-seeking) activity whose implications can be analyzed in the spirit of the unconventional public-choice-theoretic approach to economics. Below, therefore, we proceed to center our analysis on organized religion as indeed a DUP-theoretic phenomenon, revealing to our readers the Truth for their Enlightenment. In an Appendix, we then consider the heresies of Dixit and Grossman (1984) who, in a contribution laced with frivolity and wit (which we seek to preserve here), have preceded us with an analysis of organized religion which they christened with characteristic inspiration as Directly Unproductive Prophet-seeking Activity.
Review of evidence regarding trauma system effectiveness resulting from panel studies.

Objective: The objectives this study are to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of the panel method for evaluating the quality of trauma care and to review the individual and collective evidence in support of regionalized trauma care derived from these studies. Method: A review of the published literature was conducted and identified 10 panel studies that compared appropriateness of care and/or the preventability of deaths occurring either across hospitals in a trauma system versus non-trauma system, in a defined region before and after implementation of a trauma system, between trauma center and non-trauma center hospitals within a defined region, or across hospitals of varying levels of care presystem. Results: Panel studies vary widely in the approaches used to elicit judgments; low rates of inter-rater reliability have been reported. The strength of the evidence derived from panel studies in support of trauma system effectiveness must be reviewed in this context. Conclusion: All panel studies are classified as providing weak, Class III evidence. Yet, collectively they provide some face validity in support of the hypothesis that treatment at a trauma versus non-trauma center may be associated with less inappropriate care and fewer preventable deaths among the seriously injured.
Designing high-performance electrochemical energy-storage nanoarchitectures to balance rate and capacity.

The impressive specific capacitance and high-rate performance reported for many nanometric charge-storing films on planar substrates cannot impact a technology space beyond microdevices unless such performance translates into a macroscale form factor. In this report, we explore how the nanoscale-to-macroscale properties of the electrode architecture (pore size/distribution, void volume, thickness) define energy and power performance when scaled to technologically relevant dimensions. Our test bed is a device-ready electrode architecture in which scalable, manufacturable carbon nanofoam papers with tunable pore sizes (5–200 nm) and thickness (100–300 μm) are painted with ~10 nm coatings of manganese oxide (MnOx). The quantity of capacitance and the rate at which it is delivered for four different MnOx–C variants was assessed by fabricating symmetric electrochemical capacitors using a concentrated aqueous electrolyte. Carbon nanofoam papers containing primarily 10–20 nm mesopores support high MnOx loadings (60 wt%) and device-level capacitance (30 F g−1), but the small mesoporous network hinders electrolyte transport and the low void volume restricts the quantity of charge-compensating ions within the electrode, making the full capacitance only accessible at slow rates (5 mV s−1). Carbon nanofoam papers with macropores (100–200 nm) facilitate high rate operation (50 mV s−1), but deliver significantly lower device capacitance (13 F g−1) as a result of lower MnOx loadings (41 wt%). Devices comprising MnOx–carbon nanofoams with interconnecting networks of meso- and macropores balance capacitance and rate performance, delivering 33 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 23 F g−1 at 50 mV s−1. The use of carbon nanofoam papers with size-tunable pore structures and thickness provides the opportunity to engineer the electrode architecture to deliver scalable quantities of capacitance (F cm−2) in tens of seconds with a single device.
Hypnosis: Wherefore Art Thou?

The present paper focuses on the influences of social-political needs of various groups with interests in hypnosis (i.e., stage hypnotists, lay hypnotists, licensed practitioners, and researchers). While hypnosis is a specific topic of interest to groups with varying needs, it also serves as an example for other topics in psychology that may overlap the needs of other groups--especially practitioners and researchers. The identity given to hypnosis varies depending upon which particular group of persons is offering the identity, and the nature of the identity reflects each group's biases and needs. These various identities, however, are not always acceptable, in part or in whole, by the other groups, as the needs of one or more may be in conflict with those of others.
Near Feasible Stable Matchings with Complementarities

The National Resident Matching program strives for a stable matching of medical students to teaching hospitals. With the presence of couples, stable matchings need not exist. For any student preferences, we show that each instance of a stable match- ing problem has a 'nearby' instance with a stable matching. The nearby instance is obtained by perturbing the capacities of the hospitals. Specically, given a reported capacity kh for each hospital h, we nd a redistribution of the slot capacities k 0 sat- isfyingjkh k 0 j 4 for all hospitals h and P h kh P k 0 P h kh + 9, such that a stable matching exists with respect to k 0 . Our approach is general and applies to other type of complementarities, as well as matchings with contracts.
The association of liver enzymes with biomarkers of subclinical myocardial damage and structural heart disease

Background & Aims Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are thought to be at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the relationships between NAFLD and subclinical myocardial injury or structural heart disease are unknown. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 8668 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, who showed no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. We used levels of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]), in the context of no history of elevated alcohol consumption as non-invasive surrogates of NAFLD. We used highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as biomarkers of myocardial damage and function. Results In this population-based study (mean age 63years, 60% women, 78% white), higher levels of ALT, AST, and GGT, even within the normal range, were significantly and independently associated with detectable (hs-cTnT >3ng/L) and elevated (hs-cTnT ⩾14ng/L) concentrations of hs-cTnT. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for elevated liver enzymes ( vs. normal levels) with elevated hs-cTnT were: 1.65 (1.28–2.14) for ALT, 1.90 (1.36–2.68) for AST, and 1.55 (1.13–2.12) for GGT. Furthermore, there was evidence for inverse associations of ALT and AST with NT-proBNP. Conclusions Our results suggest that elevated liver enzyme levels in the absence of elevated alcohol consumption may be associated with subclinical myocardial injury. The inverse association between NT-proBNP and both ALT and AST supports the recently described metabolic role of natriuretic peptides.
Detection and imaging performance of a synthetic aperture sonar

Two performance criteria for a synthetic aperture sonar are defined. The first is related to detection, the second to imaging. It is shown from both criteria that broadening the signal spectrum does not prevent a performance loss when the platform speed is raised beyond the limit set by the space sampling constraint of the synthetic aperture. This loss can only be avoided by increasing the length of the receive array. >
Recruiters' Opinions about Resume Content.

(1991). Recruiters' Opinions about Resume Content. Journal of Education for Business: Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 267-273.
The role of epidemiology in developing nutritional recommendations: past, present, and future

Observations of the relations between food choices and health have been made since ancient times, but epidemiology, which can be regarded as the science of systematically studying these relations, has played a key role in official nutritional guidance only in recent years. In the past 20 y the principal goal of nutritional guidance has changed from the prevention of nutritional deficiencies to the prevention of chronic diseases. This evolving purpose of nutritional guidance has demanded that nutritional epidemiology play an increasingly important role. Although no other type of nutritional science can equal epidemiology in the relevance of either the dietary exposures or the health outcomes, substantial problems limit the ability of nutritional epidemiology to convincingly prove causal associations. The classic criteria for causation are often not met by nutritional epidemiologic studies, in large part because many dietary factors are weak and do not show linear dose-response relations with disease risk within the range of exposures common in the population. The most important problem in nutritional epidemiology in the past has been the inaccuracy of dietary assessment. In the future, an additional problem will be the proliferation of hypotheses that can be tested in multiple ways among the many subgroups of the population that can be defined by factors such as age, sex, and genotype. Future progress in our understanding of the relations between diet and health will necessitate improved methods in nutritional epidemiology and a better integration of epidemiologic methods with those used in the clinical nutritional sciences.
Infant attractiveness and perceived temperament in the prediction of attachment classifications.

The influence of infant physical attractiveness and infant temperament on the mother-infant relationship at 12 months of age was examined. Physical attractiveness of the infant was rated by 48 adults, and infant temperament was assessed by use of the Toddler Temperament Scale, which yields indices of activity level, rhythmicity, approach, adaptability, intensity, mood, persistence, distractibility, and threshold. Mother-infant attachment was measured via the Strange Situation. Results showed that 46% of the variance in attachment classification was accounted for by five of the nine dimensions of temperament (withdrawal from new situations, high intensity of response, low distractibility, negative mood, and low threshold of response). Physical attractiveness and other dimensions of temperament did not add significant amounts of variance over and above that contributed by the first five dimensions to the prediction of attachment.
2-Benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium Trifluoromethanesulfonate

[882980-43-0] C14H14F3NO4S (MW 349.33) InChI = 1S/C13H14NO.CHF3O3S/c1-14-10-6-5-9-13(14)15-11-12-7-3-2-4-8-12;2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7/h2-10H,11H2,1H3;(H,5,6,7)/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = DUXHYQYOPHEFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M (reagent for the conversion of alcohols into benzyl ethers1, 2 and carboxylic acids into benzyl esters,3 releases phenylcarbenium ion4 upon mild heating) Alternate Names: benzyl-OPT, Dudley reagent. Physical Data: mp 92–93 °C. Solubility: soluble at room temperature in dichloromethane and dichloroethane; dissolves upon warming in aromatic solvents such as toluene and trifluorotoluene. Form Supplied in: white, microcrystalline solid, commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR. Preparative Methods: prepared by mixing 2-benzyloxypyridine and Methyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate in toluene. Purification: use as obtained. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: possible sensitizer. Routine safety precautions should be employed.
Proteomic Analysis of an Extreme Halophilic Archaeon, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1

Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 insoluble membrane and soluble cytoplasmic proteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation of whole cell lysate. Using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a C18 trap electrospray ionization emitter/micro-liquid chromatography column, a number of trypsin-generated peptide tags from 426 unique proteins were identified. This represents approximately one-fifth of the theoretical proteome of Halobacterium. Of these, 232 proteins were found only in the soluble fraction, 165 were only in the insoluble membrane fraction, and 29 were in both fractions. There were 72 and 61% previously annotated proteins identified in the soluble and membrane protein fractions, respectively. Interestingly, 57 of previously unannotated proteins found only in Halobacterium NRC-1 were identified. Such proteins could be interesting targets for understanding unique physiology of Halobacterium NRC-1. A group of proteins involved in various metabolic pathways were identified among the expressed proteins, suggesting these pathways were active at the time the cells were collected. This data containing a list of expressed proteins, their cellular locations, and biological functions could be used in future studies to investigate the interaction of the genes and proteins in relation to genetic or environmental perturbations.
Security Property Violation in CPS through Timing

Security in a cyber-physical system (CPS) is not well understood. Interactions between components in the cyber and physical domains lead to unintended information flow. This paper makes use of formal information flow models to describe leakage in a model CPS, the Cooperating FACTS Power System. Results show that while a casual observer cannot ascertain confidential internal information, when application semantics, including timing, are considered, this confidentiality is lost. Model checking is used to verify the result. The significance of the paper is in showing an example of the complex interactions that occur between the Cyber and Physical domains and their impact on security.
Reduction in serine protease activity correlates with improved rosacea severity in a small, randomized pilot study of a topical serine protease inhibitor.

Individuals with rosacea express high baseline levels of cathelicidin and kallikrein 5 (KLK5) (Yamasaki, et al, 2007). The significance of elevated KLK5 is that this trypsin-like serine protease controls the cleavage of the cathelicidin precursor protein into LL-37 (Yamasaki et al, 2007; Yamasaki et al, 2006). LL-37 is both pro-inflammatory and angiogenic (Koczulla et al, 2003; Lande et al, 2004; Morizane et al, 2012). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that inhibition of KLK5 may improve the clinical signs of rosacea by decreasing LL-37 production.
Theory and Design of Wide-Band Parametric Converters

This paper treats the parametric converter from the circuit theory point of view. A linear time-varying capacitance is imbedded in an arbitrary linear passive and time-invariant network. First, we review the steady-state analysis of such a circuit. The formula for transducer power gain is next derived. Based on this formula, the maximum gain-bandwidth product is studied using Bode's relationship. We prove that for the noninverting type parametric converters, the optimum transducer power gain is that of Manley and Rowe, i.e., ??/?. The maximum fractional bandwidth is given by C1/C0(?0?/?0)1/2. Simple coupling circuits which approach the optimum situations are presented along with typical design examples.
Acquisition aperture correction in angle-domain and true-amplitude imaging for wave equation migration

Summary Based on beamlet decomposition of wave field and Green’s function, we formulated an amplitude correction method in angle domain. The formulation relates the local image matr ix (LIM), which bears the footprints of the acquisition apertur e and propagation path effects, and the local scattering mat rix (LSM), which is directly related to the medium propert y. From the formulation, two types of amplitude correction ar e proposed: one is the correction for common reflection-angle image for AVA analysis. The other is the correction fo r total strength image. From the imaging results of the four-laye r model and the SEG/EAGE model, we see significant improvement in amplitude fidelity and image quality.
Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening - Gleaning Additional Information from Diagnostic Wrist CT Scans.

Background: Although screening for and treating osteoporosis can prevent subsequent fractures, the rates of such interventions are low following a distal radial fracture. One potential method for identifying metabolic bone disease is via Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements from diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans. We hypothesized that HU values of the distal aspect of the radius could be used to assess local bone quality and would be predictive of distal radial fracture risk, thereby allowing the identification of patients in need of further management. Methods: Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) were made for 100 patients on the basis of HU values of cancellous portions of the distal aspect of the radius, the ulnar head, and the capitate. The HU values in twenty-five male and twenty-five female patients with an acute distal radial fracture documented on CT were compared with those of age and sex-matched control patients who had a CT scan obtained for other indications. Results: Among the control patients, HU values decreased as age increased. When assessed on the basis of sex, both male and female patients with a distal radial fracture had significantly lower regional BMD compared with nonfracture control patients. A distal radial HU value of 218 for females and 246 for males optimized sensitivity and specificity; values below this threshold were associated with an increased risk of distal radial fracture. Conclusions: HU measurements can be obtained from any diagnostic CT scan using modern software programs and can be obtained by physicians in the office setting with minimal effort and at no additional cost or radiation exposure to the patient. Regardless of imaging indications, we suggest that patients with HU values below the identified thresholds be considered for further metabolic bone disease work-up, such as additional imaging, laboratory assessments, the initiation of osteoporosis treatment, or appropriate referral. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acoustic wave absorption as a probe of dynamical geometrical response of fractional quantum Hall liquids

We show that an acoustic crystalline wave gives rise to an effect similar to that of a gravitational wave to an electron gas. Applying this idea to a two-dimensional electron gas in the fractional quantum Hall regime, this allows for experimental study of its intra-Landau level dynamical response in the long-wavelength limit. To study such response we generalize Haldane's geometrical description of fractional quantum Hall states to situations where the external metric is time dependent. We show that such time-dependent metric (generated by acoustic wave) couples to collective modes of the system, including a quadrapolar mode at long wavelength, and magnetoroton at finite wavelength. Energies of these modes can be revealed in spectroscopic measurements, controlled by strain-induced Fermi velocity anisotropy. We argue that such geometrical probe provides a potentially highly useful alternative probe of quantum Hall liquids, in addition to the usual electromagnetic response.
Human Histocompatibility Antigens: Genes and Proteins

Class I (HLA-A,B,C) and Class II (HLA-DR) human histocompatibility antigens encoded on chromosome 6 in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Fig. 1) have remarkably similar structures, despite the differences in function. Each is a heterodimer composed of four extracellular domains (two of which are conserved Ig-like domains and one of which is polymorphic), located in two chains (α or heavy and β or light), in addition to the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic regions (Fig. 2). From a gross structural standpoint the antigens differ in a few ways. In the class I antigens three domains are in the heavy chain while only one domain is in the light chain (β2-microglobulin). However, in the class II antigens each chain has two domains. Moreover, in the class II antigens both chains pierce the membrane and have small intracytoplasmic regions while in the class I antigens only the heavy chain does so.
DNA methylation and gene expression dynamics during cotton ovule and fiber development

Cotton is the largest source of renewable textile fiber and a successful model of transgenic applications in crop production. However, improving cotton production using fiber-related transgenes is somewhat difficult. This is probably related to unique epigenetic and gene expression changes during fiber development. Here we show that inhibiting DNA methylation impairs fiber development. Genome-wide methylcytosine-, mRNA-, and small RNA-sequencing analyses reveal minor changes in CG and CHG methylation and distinct changes in CHH methylation among different tissues. In ovules CHH hypermethyaltion is associated with small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and expression changes of nearby genes in euchromatin. Remarkably, ovule-derived fiber cells not only maintain euchromatic CHH methylation, but also generate additional heterochromatic CHH hypermethylation independent of RdDM, which represses transposable elements (TEs) and nearby genes including fiber-related genes. Furthermore, DNA methylation contributes to the expression bias of homoeologous genes in ovules and fibers. This spatiotemporal DNA methylation in promoters could act as a double-lock feedback mechanism to regulate TE and gene expression, which could be translated into genomic and biotechnological improvement of agronomic traits.
How Quickly They Forget, If They Ever Knew:

A state-wide random telephone survey of 225 adult Arkansans was conducted to assess name recognition and evaluations of political and nonpolitical personages. Analysis indicated that one of the mor...
The Effect of Methionine and Lysine Levels on the Arginine Requirement of the Chick

Two breeds of commercial broiler chicks were used to investigate possible breed differences and to determine the effect of methionine and lysine on arginine requirements. Graded levels of arginine were added to a glucose-casein diet with or without added methionine and to a corn-soybean meal diet with and without added lysine and/or methionine. The arginine requirement of chicks receiving the glucose-casein diet with and without supplemental methionine was found to be 1.46 per cent and 1.55 per cent of the diet, respectively. No breed differences were found. When arginine was added to a corn-soy diet containing 1.53 per cent arginine, with or without supplemental methionine, no response was obtained indicating that this level of arginine was adequate. When this diet was supplemented with lysine to bring it up to the lysine level of the casein diet, a growth depression occurred which was overcome by the addition of 0.20 and 0.25 per cent arginine, respectively, in the absence and presence of supplemental methione. These levels of arginine exceeded the requirements determined for chicks fed the glucose-casein diet. In chicks fed the glucose-casein diet, muscle creatine increased with each level of added arginine with or without supplemental methionine. Creatinine excretion also increased with each level of added arginine in the absence of supplementary methionine but when methionine was added creatine excretion reached a plateau at the level of arginine which satisfied the chick's growth requirement.
An Overview of the Safety Case for Small Modular Reactors

Several small modular reactor (SMR) designs emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s in response to lessons learned from the many technical and operational challenges of the large Generation II light-water reactors. After the accident at the Three Mile Island plant in 1979, an ensuing reactor redesign effort spawned the term ―inherently safe‖ designs, which later evolved into ―passively safe‖ terminology. Several new designs were engineered to be deliberately small in order to fully exploit the benefits of passive safety. Today, new SMR designs are emerging with a similar philosophy of offering highly robust and resilient designs with increased safety margins. Additionally, because these contemporary designs are being developed subsequent to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack, they incorporate a number of intrinsic design features to further strengthen their safety and security. Several SMR designs are being developed in the United States spanning the full spectrum of reactor technologies, including water-, gas-, and liquid-metal-cooled ones. Despite a number of design differences, most of these designs share a common set of design principles to enhance plant safety and robustness, such as eliminating plant design vulnerabilities where possible, reducing accident probabilities, and mitigating accident consequences. An important consequence of the added resilience provided by these design approaches is that the individual reactor units and the entire plant should be able to survive a broader range of extreme conditions. This will enable them to not only ensure the safety of the general public but also help protect the investment of the owner and continued availability of the power-generating asset. Examples of typical SMR design features and their implications for improved plant safety are given for specific SMR designs being developed in the United States.
In vivo comparison of LH-RH and FSH-RH activities of (DES-GLY10) (PRO9-ethylamide)-LH-RH, (DES-GLY10)(PRO9-propylamide)-LH-RH, and LH-RH using immature male rats.

SummaryThe LH-RH and FSH-RH activities of the synthetic LH-RH decapeptide, [Des-Gly10] [Pro9-ethylamide]-LH-RH (EA-LH-RH) and [Des-Gly10] [Pro9-pro-pylamide]-LH-RH (PA-LH-RH) were evaluated using immature male rats. A sc injection of 70 ng or 100 ng of EA-LH-RH induced a greater rise in serum LH and FSH levels than did these doses of LH-RH, but the pattern of changes in serum LH and FSH levels was similar. Elevation of serum LH and FSH levels after injection of 100 ng of PA-LH-RH was more prolonged than after the same dose of EA-LH-RH or LH-RH. The highest levels of LH were observed after EA-LH-RH. Peak FSH levels in response to EA-LH-RH and PA-LH-RH were similar and considerably higher than those after LH-RH. The intergrated amounts of LH released after 100 ng of EA-LH-RH and PA-LH-RH were similar and approximately 5.5 times greater than those after 100 ng of LH-RH. The integrated amounts of FSH released after 100 ng of EA-LH-RH and PA-LH-RH were approximately 7 and 9.4 times greater than those after LH-...
Exploring the Contributions of School Belonging to Complete Mental Health Screening.

Considering the many positive outcomes associated with adolescents’ sense of school belonging, including psychological functioning, it is possible that including an assessment of school belonging w...
Spectra of Short Pulse Solutions of the Cubic–Quintic Complex Ginzburg–Landau Equation near Zero Dispersion

We describe a computational method to compute spectra and slowly decaying eigenfunctions of linearizations of the cubic–quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation about numerically determined stationary solutions. We compare the results of the method to a formula for an edge bifurcation obtained using the small dissipation perturbation theory of Kapitula and Sandstede. This comparison highlights the importance for analytical studies of perturbed nonlinear wave equations of using a pulse ansatz in which the phase is not constant, but rather depends on the perturbation parameter. In the presence of large dissipative effects, we discover variations in the structure of the spectrum as the dispersion crosses zero that are not predicted by the small dissipation theory. In particular, in the normal dispersion regime we observe a jump in the number of discrete eigenvalues when a pair of real eigenvalues merges with the intersection point of the two branches of the continuous spectrum. Finally, we contrast the method to computational Evans function methods.