cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-RTL Voltage and Power Optimization for Low-Cost, Thermally Challenged Multicore Chips

The imminent end of Moore's Law demands increasing complexi-ty to enable continuing improvement in the cost and performance of electronic systems. Complex RTL designs lead to long simulation overheads, making it infeasible to explore large design spac-es. In this work, we present a flow of simulation tools for rapid, high-level, pre-RTL exploration to enable design-space exploration for physically-constrained systems. This flow updates several prior tools and introduces new tools to support optimization across multiple metrics: gem5, a widely-used microarchitecture and memory hierarchy simulator, for performance; McPAT, a generalized, ISA-agnostic power and area modeling tool; HotSpot, a temperature simulator; VoltSpot, a voltage droop simulator; and OldSpot, a planned lifetime and reliability simula-tor. By simulating a workload in gem5 and feeding its results into McPAT and then HotSpot, VoltSpot, and OldSpot, it is possible to explore the effects of workloads on systems with physical con-straints such as power or thermal budgets and lifetime targets without requiring complex RTL design or long RTL simulation.
Insect Gut Microbiota: Accessories to the Bite

The Leishmania parasite is transmitted via the bite of a sand fly. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Dey et al. (2018) report that sand fly gut microbiota are also transferred to the bite site, promoting neutrophil recruitment and parasite dissemination to distal organs.
Religious and Spiritual Coping and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the Black Women's Health Study.

Background The few studies of the relationship between religion and/or spirituality (R/S) and hypertension are conflicting. We hypothesized that R/S may reduce the risk of hypertension by buffering adverse physiological effects of stress. Methods We prospectively assessed the association of R/S with hypertension within the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a cohort study initiated in 1995 that follows participants through biennial questionnaires. The 2005 questionnaire included four R/S questions: (i) extent to which one's R/S is involved in coping with stressful situations, (ii) self-identification as a religious/spiritual person, (iii) frequency of attending religious services, and (iv) frequency of prayer. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each R/S variable in relation to incident hypertension using Cox proportional hazards regression models, controlling for demographics, known hypertension risk factors, psychosocial factors, and other R/S variables. Results During 2005-2013, 5,194 incident cases of hypertension were identified. High involvement of R/S in coping with stressful events compared with no involvement was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00). The association was strongest among women reporting greater levels of perceived stress (IRR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; p interaction = .01). More frequent prayer was associated with increased risk of hypertension (IRR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.27). No association was observed for the other R/S measures. Conclusion R/S coping was associated with decreased risk of hypertension in African American women, especially among those reporting higher levels of stress. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways through which R/S coping may affect health.
A solution for sampling position errors in maize and soybean root mass and length estimates.

Abstract Root mass and length attributes are difficult to obtain in the field and currently there is uniformity among literature studies in estimating the effect of sampling position error. With the objectives of 1) quantifying the sampling position error in calculating weighted average root values per unit area and 2) developing an algorithm to minimize root position sampling error so that existing data in the literature can be used in future studies, we collected and analyzed root mass and length data across four sampling positions (0, 12, 24 and 36 cm distance from the plant row; row-to-row spacing 76 cm) from two maize and two soybean fields in central Iowa, USA. In-row sampling position (i.e., 0 cm from the plant row) over-estimated root mass and length by 66% and 46% for maize and soybean, while cores taken in the middle of plant rows (i.e., 36 cm from the plant row) under-estimated root mass and length by 34% and 23% for maize and soybean. As sampling distance from the plant row increased from 0 to 36 cm, maize root mass declined four times faster than soybean, while root length declined at almost the same rate between crops. Sampling 10 cm from the plant row provided the closest estimate to the weighted average value in both crops. We developed a new algorithm that predicts weighted average root attributes values with a R2 of 0.93 for mass and a R2 of 0.70 for length. The algorithm requires two user inputs (the measured root attribute value and the distance from the plant row). The new algorithm was tested across diverse environments, cultivars, and management practices and proven accurate for subsequent use (R2 = 0.70 and R2 = 0.87 for mass and length). This study provides guidance to strategically sample roots in future row crop research and an algorithm to eliminate sampling position bias in existing data.
Poisoning By Antidysrhythmic Drugs

This article discusses the management of antidysrhythmic drug overdoses in children and adolescents.
Surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism: the patient without previous neck surgery

The indications for surgical exploration in the "asymptomatic" patient with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degrees HPTH) have changed since the 1990 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. This seems to be, at least in part, caused by the introduction of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) techniques. The concept of MIP is based on the fact that the majority of patients (80-85%) with 1 degrees HPTH have a single adenoma that can usually be identified on preoperative imaging. The incident adenoma can be resected under local or regional anesthesia, and an intraoperative adjunct, such as the rapid parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay, can be used to show an adequate decrement in plasma PTH levels. There are no randomized prospective trials comparing the results obtained with conventional and MIP techniques. However, a recent series of 656 consecutive parathyroid explorations compared the results obtained using conventional (n = 401) and MIP (n = 255) surgery. The success rate for the entire series was 98%, and there were no significant differences in cure rates between traditional (97%) and MIP (99%) techniques. The overall complication rates were also similar. However, MIP was associated with a 50% reduction in operating time, a 7-fold reduction in length of hospital stay, and a mean cost savings of $2693 per case. It seems likely that the majority of patients with 1 degrees HPTH can now be cured on an outpatient basis with MIP, which has already replaced conventional parathyroid exploration in several endocrine centers. Limitations to this procedure include the need for sophisticated adjuncts and a surgeon highly experienced in this new technique.
Instruments for the Assessment of Attitudes Toward Older Persons

This review and appraisal of the instruments to assess attitudes toward older persons can aid counselors in selecting such instruments for research and counseling.
A Graduate School Recommendation System Using the Multi-Class Support Vector Machine and KNN Approaches

With the advancement in technology and increased demand on skilled workers these days, education becomes a stepping stone in securing jobs with long-term perspective. As competition for admission into higher education increases, it becomes even more important for applicants to find graduate schools that fit their requirements and expectation. Selecting appropriate schools to apply, however, is a time-consuming process, especially when looking for schools at graduate level due to the various factors in decision making imposed by the schools and applicants. In this paper, we propose a recommendation system that suggests appealing graduate programs to students based on the Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor approaches. As graduate programs make decisions based on applicants' qualification, our recommender considers user's personal data and data of various graduate programs obtained from online education portals to make suggestions. We conduct an empirical study using data of current graduate schools and former graduate school applicants, and the performance evaluation validates the merit of our suggestions.
Chest wall resection for a giant angiomatosis lesion: A case report

Abstract Introduction Angiomatosis is a rare and benign vascular lesion which can be located in various sites throughout the body, most commonly diagnosed in females in the first two decades of life. Presentation of case A 54-year-old female with no previous medical history presented with significant pain and discomfort associated with a 12.3 × 11.3 × 4.4 cm posterior chest wall mass invading the 4th and 5th ribs and extending into the thoracic cavity. Discussion Angiomatosis is a benign vascular lesion that can affect any soft tissue in the body. Typically, it has a female predilection and tends to involve the lower extremities. It is histologically characterized by a proliferation of blood vessels of varying sizes and has a high recurrence rate after excision. Significant blood loss can occur during resection. Conclusion Management of these lesions is challenging based on the infiltrative and vascular nature of the disease. Neoadjuvant therapy can be considered in select cases. Close surveillance is recommended due to high rates of recurrence.
Abstract P381: Sedentary Behavior and All-Cause Mortality: A Review ofSystematic Reviews With Meta-Analyses

Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that higher levels of sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with higher risk of death. Multiple systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMA) have been publi...
The role of social support and self-efficacy in shaping the leisure time physical activity of older adults.

Lack of social support and low self-efficacy are important barriers to regular exercise and physical activity. However, it is unclear whether these resources contribute significantly to CDC recomme...
Extreme Polygenicity of Complex Traits Is Explained by Negative Selection

Complex traits and common diseases are extremely polygenic, their heritability spread across thousands of loci. One possible explanation is that thousands of genes and loci have similarly important biological effects when mutated. However, we hypothesize that for most complex traits, relatively few genes and loci are critical, and negative selection-purging large-effect mutations in these regions-leaves behind common-variant associations in thousands of less critical regions instead. We refer to this phenomenon as flattening. To quantify its effects, we introduce a mathematical definition of polygenicity, the effective number of independently associated SNPs (Me), which describes how evenly the heritability of a trait is spread across the genome. We developed a method, stratified LD fourth moments regression (S-LD4M), to estimate Me, validating that it produces robust estimates in simulations. Analyzing 33 complex traits (average N = 361k), we determined that heritability is spread ∼4× more evenly among common SNPs than among low-frequency SNPs. This difference, together with evolutionary modeling of new mutations, suggests that complex traits would be orders of magnitude less polygenic if not for the influence of negative selection. We also determined that heritability is spread more evenly within functionally important regions in proportion to their heritability enrichment; functionally important regions do not harbor common SNPs with greatly increased causal effect sizes, due to selective constraint. Our results suggest that for most complex traits, the genes and loci with the most critical biological effects often differ from those with the strongest common-variant associations.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Association With Low Cholesterol Levels: A Case Report in a Patient Taking PCSK9 Inhibitor

A 57-year-old woman with history of prediabetes and dyslipidemia treated with PCSK9 inhibitors due to statin intolerance presented to the clinic with complaints of bilateral thigh pain, weakness and numbness. During the physical exam, the patient exhibited stocking loss of vibratory and cold temperature sensation in both legs, absent ankle reflexes and tandem imbalance with normal cranial nerve functions. After all the clinical studies, the patient was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) as an exclusion diagnosis. A link with medications (Praluent) was determined to be the most possible offending agent. With this case, we present a rare case of CIDP in the setting of low level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) due to PCSK9 inhibitors. This case opens the door to a new and unrecognized adverse effect of this type of medication. J Neurol Res. 2019;9(4-5):72-74 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jnr552
High-dose intravenous methotrexate in the management of breast cancer with leptomeningeal disease: Case series and review of the literature

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) in breast cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While there is currently no standard therapy, treatment options include craniospinal radiotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Craniospinal radiotherapy has not demonstrated improved survival and intrathecal chemotherapy is often poorly tolerated due to associated neurotoxicity. The use of systemic chemotherapy can be limited by inadequate central nervous system penetration. High-dose systemic methotrexate administered intravenously (HD-MTX), has been reported to improve quality of life and provide durable remissions for LM in breast cancer. We present three cases of metastatic breast cancer and LM with prolonged survival after administration of HD-MTX. Based on our observations and review of the literature, HD-MTX seems to be a viable treatment option for patients with LM in breast cancer, and in select cases, the use of HD-MTX, as part of a multimodality treatment plan, may be associated with prolonged survival.
Adrenalectomy for non-neuroblastic pathology in children

Adrenalectomy for non-neuroblastic pathologies in children is rare with limited data on outcomes. We reviewed our experience of adrenalectomy in this unique population. Retrospective study of children (age ≤ 18) who underwent adrenalectomy with non-neuroblastic pathology from 1988 to 2018. Clinical and operative details of patients were abstracted. Outcomes included length of stay and 30-day postoperative morbidity. Forty children underwent 50 adrenalectomies (12 right-sided, 18 left-sided, 10 bilateral). Six patients (15%) presented with an incidental adrenal mass while 4 (10%) had masses found on screening for genetic mutations or prior malignancy. The remaining 30 (75%) presented with symptoms of hormonal excess. Nineteen patients (48%) underwent genetic evaluation and 15 (38%) had genetic predispositions. Diagnoses included 9 patients (23%) with pheochromocytoma, 8 (20%) with adrenocortical adenoma, 8 (20%) with adrenocortical carcinoma, 7 (18%) with adrenal hyperplasia, 2 (5%) with metastasis, and 6 (14%) with additional benign pathologies. Of 50 adrenalectomies, twenty-five (50%) were laparoscopic. Median hospital length of stay was 3 days (range 0–11). Post-operative morbidity rate was 17% with the most severe complication being Clavien–Dindo grade II. Adrenalectomy for non-neuroblastic pathology can be done with low morbidity. Its frequent association with genetic mutations and syndromes requires surgeons to have knowledge of appropriate pre-operative testing and post-operative surveillance.
The Myocardial Microenvironment Modulates the Biology of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The maximal efficacy of cell therapy depends on the survival of stem cells, as well as on the phenotypic and biologic changes that may occur on these cells after transplantation. It has been hypothesized that the post-ischemic myocardial microenvironment can play a critical role in these changes, potentially affecting the survival and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we use a dual reporter gene sensor for the in vivo monitoring of the phenotype of MSCs and study their therapeutic effect on cardiac function. The mitochondrial sensor was tested in cell culture in response to different mitochondrial stressors. For in vivo testing, MSCs (3 × 105) were delivered in a murine ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. Bioluminescence imaging was used to assess the mitochondrial biology and the viability of transplanted MSCs, while high-resolution ultrasound provided a non-invasive analysis of cardiac contractility and dyssynchrony. The mitochondrial sensor showed increased activity in response to mitochondrial stressors. Furthermore, when tested in the living subject, it showed a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction in MSCs delivered in IR, compared with those delivered under sham conditions. Importantly, MSCs delivered to ischemic hearts, despite their mitochondrial stress and poor survival, were able to induce a significant improvement in cardiac function, through decreased collagen deposition and resynchronization/contractility of left ventricular wall motion. The ischemic myocardium induces changes in the phenotype of transplanted MSCs. Despite their limited survival, MSCs still elicit a certain therapeutic response, as evidenced by improvement in myocardial remodeling and cardiac function. Maximization of the survival and reparative efficacy of stem cells remains a key for the success of stem cell therapies.
Comparing CNN Inputs for Terrain Classification using Simulation

Mobile robots frequently operate in rough, uneven terrain. One way for them to identify easier to traverse paths is to use deep learning methods, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN). It is not clear, however, what input should be provided to the CNN to best enable it to classify different terrain. In this study, we investigate and compare several input formats for improving terrain classification using a CNN. All experiments take place in simulation, where we have complete control over terrain (e.g., shapes and textures) and information about our robot. Our experiments lead us to the following conclusions: (1) input formats should prefer grayscale over color images as color has a tendency to overfit the training data and (2) disparity maps also improve classification compared with raw image data. These results can be used to improve the performance of terrain classification; particularly as they apply to transformable-wheel robots.
Glucose ingestion in cystic fibrosis induces severe redox imbalance: A potential role in diabetes.

ABSTRACT Background Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common co-morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). Individuals with CF demonstrate airway and systemic oxidation compared to people without CF. Furthermore, systemic oxidation precipitated by hyperglycemia in non-CF diabetes has been shown to lead to enhanced inflammation. We hypothesized that the presence of both CF and diabetes in an individual would result in hyperglycemia-induced redox imbalance to an oxidative state. This in turn would result in enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods Systemic redox balance and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured before and following a standard oral glucose tolerance test in healthy controls (HC) and in CF individuals with a spectrum of glucose homeostasis (i.e. normal glucose tolerant - NGT, prediabetes or frank CFRD). Results There were no significant differences between groups in terms of basal or glucose-induced levels of inflammatory markers. However, baseline systemic redox potential was significantly more oxidized in CF subjects with prediabetes and CFRD compared to both CF with NGT and HC. Systemic oxidation was significantly worsened, and to a profound degree, two hours following ingestion of glucose in all CF groups (NGT, prediabetes, and CFRD). The level of redox imbalance at the two hour point was the same in all three CF groups and was not associated with the degree of hyperglycemia. There was a significant correlation between worse systemic oxidation and reduced insulin secretion. Conclusions This supports a newly identified abnormality of metabolism in CF – glucose induced redox imbalance to the oxidative state.
Pregnancy and Parenthood Among Autistic Adults: Implications for Advancing Maternal Health and Parental Well-Being

Background: Strikingly little research has considered how autistic adults experience pregnancy and parenthood, two key transition periods in adult development with potentially far-reaching implicat...
In vitro analyses of Artemisia extracts on Plasmodium falciparum suggest a complex antimalarial effect.

Dried-leaf Artemisia annua L. (DLA) antimalarial therapy was shown effective in prior animal and human studies, but little is known about its mechanism of action. Here IC50s and ring-stage assays (RSAs) were used to compare extracts of A. annua (DLAe) to artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives in their ability to inhibit and kill Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7, MRA1252, MRA1240, Cam3.11 and Cam3.11rev in vitro. Strains were sorbitol and Percoll synchronized to enrich for ring-stage parasites that were treated with hot water, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of DLA, artemisinin, CoArtem™, and dihydroartemisinin. Extracts of A. afra SEN were also tested. There was a correlation between ART concentration and inhibition of parasite growth. Although at 6 hr drug incubation, the RSAs for Cam3.11rev showed DLA and ART were less effective than high dose CoArtem™, 8 and 24 hr incubations yielded equivalent antiparasitic results. For Cam3.11, drug incubation time had no effect. DLAe was more effective on resistant MRA-1240 than on the sensitive MRA-1252 strain. Because results were not as robust as observed in animal and human studies, a host interaction was suspected, so sera collected from adult and pediatric Kenyan malaria patients was used in RSA inhibition experiments and compared to sera from adults naive to the disease. The sera from both age groups of malaria patients inhibited parasite growth ≥ 70% after treatment with DLAe and compared to malaria naive subjects suggesting some host interaction with DLA. The discrepancy between these data and in-vivo reports suggested that DLA’s effects require an interaction with the host to unlock their potential as an antimalarial therapy. Although we showed there are serum-based host effects that can kill up to 95% of parasites in vitro, it remains unclear how or if they play a role in vivo. These results further our understanding of how DLAe works against the malaria parasite in vitro.
Endoscopic-Assisted Free Muscle Flaps for Facial Reanimation

Endoscopic assistance can be utilized to improve the cosmetic results of free muscle flap, smile restoration surgery. The technique facilitates provision of the surgery via a limited preauricular approach avoiding the traditional submandibular-cervical incision. Enhanced visualization also facilitates proper suture anchoring of the muscle flap to the orbicularis oris, avoiding unwanted lateral displacement and a malpositioned nasolabial fold. The superficial temporal artery and vein are the preferred recipient vessels. The microsurgical nerve repair is frequently performed before the microvascular anastomosis to accommodate for the more limited exposure.
Across the Board Cuts

As the introductory reports in the IGPA Budget Policy Toolbox demonstrate, projected state spending in Illinois outpaces projected revenue for the next several years, with the gap increasing over time. IGPA’s Fiscal Futures Project has found that from 2015 onward, the deficit will rise from around $4 billion per year to over $12 billion per year in 2025, even under an optimistic pension reform scenario. This unsustainable state of affairs can be addressed by increasing revenue and/or decreasing spending. The projected deficit could even be helped by allowing spending to grow—just at a slower rate than currently expected (what we call “bending the curve”), or by substantial economic growth in the state. Other reports in the Budget Policy Toolbox discuss various approaches to increasing revenue. Across-the-board budget cuts can be useful as political rhetoric but have significant difficulties of implementation. To mitigate these implementation problems, policymakers can: Require cuts at the department or agency level— rather than the program level—for greater flexibility; Allow for differential percentage cuts among the different departments or agencies based on a current assessment of policy priorities and the impact of reduced government spending on those priorities. But, of course, these sorts of modifications move any such budget reduction away from a pure ATB cut to a plan based on the priorities and resources of the state. In other words, these modifications move in the direction of the normal budget-making process.
Linked Lives, Dividing Borders: From Transnational Solidarity to Family Reunification of an Older Parent

This chapter focuses on a relatively unexplored phenomenon concerning transnational families: family reunification of an ascendant. It combines theories of the transnational life course, intergenerational relations, and citizenship negotiation. It is based on a qualitative research conducted in French-speaking Switzerland using semi-structured interviews with 24 families who tried to bring in elderly parents and 48 social workers working in services helping these families. Two main questions are studied: what are the motivations that lead migrant families to try to bring elderly parents to their countries of residence? How do these families deal with residency laws? I conclude by discussing discrepancies between definitions given by families and immigration authorities about what is a ‘family’ and their practical consequences for transnational families.
Help-seeking for cognitive problems in older adults without dementia: A systematic review

Abstract Introduction Understanding the help-seeking decision-making process in older adults experiencing cognitive problems is needed to improve early identification of cognitive impairment. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine what factors influence whether community-dwelling older adults without dementia seek help for cognitive problems. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global in June 2020. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was used to integrate findings across studies. Results Eighteen articles met eligibility criteria. All were cross-sectional studies, including nine quantitative, eight qualitative, and one containing quantitative and qualitative components. Factors that facilitated help-seeking were problem intensity, social support, valuing early detection, having a family history of dementia, and positive views of the healthcare system. Factors that detracted from help-seeking were normalizing cognitive problems, attributing problems to psychosocial causes, and not perceiving a benefit to disclosing cognitive problems. Discussion The decision to seek help for cognitive problems is influenced by a variety of factors. Our review suggests these differ in older adults without dementia compared to previous reviews of help-seeking for a dementia diagnosis. Given the importance of early detection of cognitive impairment to improve long-term outcomes, intervention development based on the factors we identified has important implications for older adults’ cognitive health.
The value of the CIO in the top management team on performance in the case of information security breaches

This study investigates whether presence of a CIO in the top management team (TMT) is an important indicator for better management of information, especially when an organization is involved in an information security breach incident. Using Upper Echelons Theory, our study relates the status of the CIO in an organization to organizational performance in the case of information security breaches using Tobin's q. We argue that when an organization experiences an information security breach, the organization that has the CIO in the TMT can recover any damages or losses from the security breach incident quicker than the organization that does not. We categorize security breach incidents using the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) triad (Solomon and Chapple 2005), and conclude that having the CIO in the TMT has a significant positive impact on firm performance in the aftermath of security breach incidents. However, the degree of impact on performance varies, depending on the type of security breach.
Ice Sheets on the Move

Are today's polar ice sheets in danger of collapse? Even with climate warming, increases in snowfall should compensate for additional melting of the ice sheets, but ice flow speeds can change abruptly by orders of magnitude. In his Perspective, [Raymond][1] reviews recent advances toward understanding the dynamics of ice sheets. Spatial connections in basal lubrication help to explain how speed changes can spread over large areas from localized triggers. But it remains unclear how quickly flow acceleration can be initiated at low elevation and spread deep into the interiors of ice sheets. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5601/2147
The role of combined radiation and immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment

Interest in harnessing the power of the host immune system to combat breast cancer recently has gained significant momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that combined radiation therapy (RT) and immunotherapy synergistically activate a systemic immune response. A review of original research, pre-clinical, retrospective, and prospective clinical studies was performed to assess the existing evidence to support a role for combined immunoradiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. Substantial evidence supports a synergism in combined immunoradiotherapy approaches. In this role, RT serves not only as a potent mediator of local control but also as an important component of systemic disease control. Actively accruing clinical trials aim to further define the clinical impact of immunoradiotherapeutic approaches in breast cancer. This review provides an overview of the interplay between RT and emerging oncoimmunotherapy strategies and provides a biological explanation for their synergy in the treatment of breast cancer. More robust nationally funded studies are indicated.
Performance Analysis of Single-Hop Wavelength Division Multiple Access Networks

Wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) provides a way to tap the huge bandwidth of an optical fiber by simultaneously operating on multiple channels at different wavelengths, with each channel running at the speed of the electronics of an end user station. This paper presents a mathematical model which approximates WDMA networks with general hardware configurations and arbitrary traffic patterns. Packets which cannot be transmitted upon arrival are blocked (i.e., lost) immediately. We first study the case of a uniform traffic matrix and observe that, when the number of wavelengths is fewer than the number of stations, it is better to have both tunable transmitters and tunable receivers, rather than having only either one of them tunable. Furthermore, we find that only a small number of tunable transmitters and receivers per station is needed to produce performance close to the upper bound. We then construct a general traffic model and propose an iterative solution procedure. A case of hot-spot traffic is studied using this model. We find that adding more resources to the hot-spot node will help improve its performance, but only to a limited extent determined by the traffic imbalance. The match between the model and simulation results are shown to be excellent.
Assembly of Hydrothermally Stable Aluminosilicate Foams and Large-Pore Hexagonal Mesostructures from Zeolite Seeds under Strongly Acidic Conditions

Although the assembly of aluminosilicate foams and large-pore hexagonal mesostructures from zeolite BEA, MFI, and FAU seeds requires a reduction in pH from initially very basic values (pH > 12) to ...
Fictions of the Dismal Theorem

Any thoroughgoing assessment of the current mobilization on the Left must take note, among other features, of what Fredric Jameson has recently characterized as the “political revitalization of the theme of enclosure and the commons since globalization.” Indeed, we may well claim that this resurgence dates precisely from the inception of the current round of militarized neoliberalism in the Persian Gulf War of 1990–91, for it was in the immediate run-up to this conflict that the Midnight Notes Collective first published its text on what it termed “the new enclosures.” Enclosure would come to be understood, not as a unique historical episode (theft “on a colossal scale,” as Marx wrote, through which the great landlords and capitalist farmers of the modern era had emerged, while laborers were forced off the land and thereby “‘set free’ . . . as proletarians for manufacturing industry”), but as an analytic tool with which to comprehend the ongoing dynamic of capitalism, “a regular return on the path of accumulation and a structural component of class struggle.” Under the heading of the “new enclosures,” the Midnight Notes Collective has described the last quarter century as a period of perhaps the greatest division of the commons in world history, with an accompanying “proletarianization” on an almost unimaginable scale. This theme has been closely echoed in the writings of Retort, where it is directly related to the logic of primitive accumulation, and has been popularized by activists like Naomi Klein. However, despite the efforts of groups like Midnight Notes and Retort, for the vast majority of intellectuals the connotations of “the commons” are those outlined in the famous 1968 essay of Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons.” From an essentially Malthusian perspective, Hardin argued that freedom must necessarily be curtailed if human population growth was not to dwarf the ecological carrying capacities of our planet. He drew deeply on a little-known tract published in England in 1833 by William Forster Lloyd, a disciple of Malthus and an apologist for the Parliamentary enclosures that were at the time eradicating much of the remaining common land in Britain and Scotland. In it Lloyd had posed a number of polemical questions: “Why are the cattle on a common so puny and stunted? Why is the common itself so bare-worn, and cropped so different ly from the adjoining enclosures?” His answer was simple: because an individual owned his animals, the gain of adding to the herd accrued to him alone, while the loss incurred by overloading the common is distributed among all Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all.
ANOTHER LOOK AT "DO BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION SCALES MEASURE OBSERVATION?"

Murphy, Martin, and Garcia in 1982 published a study suggesting that Behavioral Observation Scales do not measure observation. The purpose of the present study was to extend that work by comparing two commonly used rating instruments. 59 undergraduate students rated two instructors immediately after a class session and 1-wk. later. Ratings were made on Behavioral Observation Scales, Behavioral Expectation Scales, and trait scales. A 1-wk. delay in making performance ratings had no significant effect on the correlation of scores on Behavioral Observation Scales or Behavioral Expectation Scales with trait ratings of performance.
Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure: A Population-Based Perspective

Abstract Background Little data are available about the hospital management of patients with decompensated heart failure (HF) with individual and combination medical therapies, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation. The purpose of our study was to describe the use of different cardiac medications in 2463 patients with new-onset HF who were discharged from all greater Worcester, Massachusetts, hospitals during 2000. Methods On the basis of a review of medical records, we examined the prescribing of 2 classes of cardiac medications that have been shown to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with HF (angiotensin pathway inhibitors and beta-blockers). We also examined the use of 2 therapies commonly used to improve the symptomatic status of patients with acute HF (diuretics and digoxin). Results The mean age of the study sample was 76 years, and 57% were women. Approximately 1 in 5 patients were not prescribed beta-blockers or angiotensin inhibitors during their index hospitalization, whereas 1 in 3 patients were discharged with both of these effective cardiac medications. Diuretics were prescribed for virtually all patients (98%), followed by the use of digoxin in approximately half of patients (48%). The receipt of both beta-blockers and angiotensin pathway inhibitors was associated with several demographic, medical history, and clinical factors. Patients treated with both effective cardiac medications were also more likely to be counseled to monitor or modify several lifestyle factors that have been shown to be effective adjuncts to the medical management of patients with HF. Conclusions Considerable opportunity remains for the more optimal hospital management of patients with decompensated HF.
Entry‐level management skills: A retailer's perspective

College graduates need to have effective management skills in order to be successful in the competitive retail environment. Educators in Clothing and Textile programmes develop and continually update curricula to prepare students. Input from retailers concerning curriculum development is necessary for educators to stay current with industry needs. The purpose of this study was to identify management skill strengths and deficiencies of new managers from a retailer's perspective. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: (a) management skill competencies of individuals entering a management training programme, (b) components of management skills identified in Section A, and (c) demographic information. The sample consisted of three management levels: store managers, division managers and vice‐presidents (upper management) of a men's wear apparel retailer. Upper management reported that new managers have the following management skill competencies: ability to take on responsibilities, ability to work as team, communication skills, goal‐setting abilities, leadership skills, decision‐making skills, problem‐solving abilities, handling job‐related stress/pressure, ability to evaluate job performance, delegating skills and time‐management skills. When asked to identify the most important management skill competencies, upper management rated leadership skills (29 per cent), problem‐solving (11 per cent) and teamwork (10 per cent) as being the most important. Results of ANOVA indicated that three demographic variables had a significant effect on management skill competencies. Management level had a significant effect on delegating and time‐management. Store managers rated new managers' delegating skills and time‐management skills higher than did division managers. Education had a significant effect on employee performance evaluation although no significant differences were found between groups. The number of years as a manager had a significant effect on time‐management with no differences between groups. Educators should consider retailers' assessments of new managers in preparing students for retailing careers. Special attention should be given to strengthening those skills found to be most deficient such as time‐management, delegating and evaluating another's job performance.
On Hamilton cycles in certain planar graphs

Let G be a 2-connected plane graph with outer cycle XG such that for every minimal vertex cut S of G with |S| ≤ 3, every component of G\S contains a vertex of XG. A sufficient condition for G to be Hamiltonian is presented. This theorem generalizes both Tutte's theorem that every 4-connected planar graph is Hamiltonian, as well as a recent theorem of Dillencourt about NST-triangulations. A linear algorithm to find a Hamilton cycle can be extracted from the proof. One corollary is that a 4-connected planar graph with the vertices of a triangle deleted is Hamiltonian. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the duel between the top 10 percent classifiers versus the bottom 90 percent classifiers

Over the past two decades a number of methods have been proposed for constructing stronger classifiers as an ensemble of simpler individual classifiers. These simpler classifiers are often limited to a single family, and candidates among these are further limited to only elite classifiers, i.e., classifiers having highest performance. Many prior research papers suggest that using the top 10%–20% of elite classifiers in an ensemble should yield stronger classifiers. In this paper, we have explored the top 10% of elite classifiers as well as the bottom 90% of non-elite classifiers, proposed algorithms that can effectively use them to construct much stronger classifiers, and showed that using the bottom 90% can yield comparable and sometimes better performance than using the top 10%. Our algorithm is based on heuristic search algorithms for developing ensembles of diverse classifiers that optimize complementarity among them, and the experiments are made with 9 publicly available datasets using 22 different kinds of classifiers.
A GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF GREECE

There are several factors which account for the inefficiencies observed in the educational system of a less developed country. Some of these factors, with particular reference to the educational system of Greece, are briefly mentioned in this paper. However, the main objective of the paper is to show how the application of goal programming could be of assistance to the educational administrators in the country with respect to determining: (1) how to allocate the available resources among the different subsystems of the educational system and among the different components within each subsystem; (2) the quality level of education that the country can afford; and (3) the financial sacrifices necessary for different levels of improvement.
Social scientists and cyberinfrastructure: insights from a document perspective

Contemporary cyberinfrastructure (CI) seem poorly developed to meet the distributed work practices of social scientists. We draw from the literatures of science studies and e-science practices to advance a document-centered articulation of social scientists' distributed work practices. We report on a pilot study to provide some insights into CI needs for these scholars. This study relied on a mixed-methodological approach involving the mapping of digital and physical documents, automated tracking of desktop and online repositories, participant-generated images of physical documents and desktop, behavioral queries, along with interviews and participant observation. Findings suggest a document perspective provides insight into the distributed work practices and CI uses of social scientists.
Active control of wake-blade row interaction discrete frequency noise

This paper is concerned with active control of discrete frequency noise generated by subsonic blade rows. Airfoil surface oscillating actuators are used to generate control propagating pressure waves. These control waves interact with the blade row interaction generated propagating acoustic waves, thereby, in principle canceling the acoustic waves and thus the far-field discrete frequency tones. A mathematical model is developed based on the LinSub flat plate unsteady aerodynamic analysis to investigate the feasibility of this technique and to evaluate actuator requirements. Then a series of experiments are described directed at both verifying the basic math model assumptions, and investigating the fundamentals of this active discrete frequency noise control technique.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An extended theory for hopping transport in a-Ge and a-Si☆

Abstract Current interpretations of conductivity in non-hydrogenated a-Ge and a-Si suffer from difficulties. One interpretation cannot account for the pre-exponential of the conductivity, while another cannot account for the strong thickness dependence. We attempt to eliminate these difficulties by extending the hopping theory to concave densities of states. Choosing specifically an exponential density of states, the results of our theory can be well fitted to experiment with a proper choice of some parameters.
Utility-University Coordination in an Electric Power Engineering Program

This paper describes an electric power engineering program at Purdue University. The program is sponsored by several electric utility companies and is a coordination of several different activities which are broadly centered on electric power engineering education with mechanical and nuclear engineering education plus various research activities. The activities of the power center program take place both at the university and the sponsoring electric utility companies. The power center concept has provided a sound base for a wide variety of power engineering activities at Purdue including laboratory development, sponsored research, course development, and student and faculty support. The motivation, objectives and principal activities of the Purdue Electric Power Center are described in the paper. Also, some problems relating to the operation of the power center and the solution to those problems are described.
Delayed-Onset Seizure and Cardiac Arrest After Amitriptyline Overdose, Treated With Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy

In recent years, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy has emerged as a new rescue antidote for treatment of certain toxicities, including cyclic antidepressants, and as the primary treatment of toxic manifestations after local anesthetic exposure. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl who developed delayed seizures and cardiac arrest after amitriptyline ingestion. As part of the treatment, she was treated with ILE therapy. The patient's laboratories were not interpretable for several hours after the lipid emulsion. The patient developed pancreatitis after the ILE therapy. This case is unique; not only is it one of the first reported cases of lipid emulsion being used in a pediatric patient, but in that the patient developed delayed toxicity and iatrogenic harm from the ILE.
The Internal Dynamic of International Migration Systems

In this paper I provide a conceptualization of international migration networks, which can be used to identify and integrate the internal components of migration systems, and formalize the relationships in an analytic model of the internal network dynamic. With the use of the operationalized model, and microlevel and macrolevel data for guestworkers in Germany during the period 1970 to 1989, we can empirically test the relative influence of internal network variables versus external forces on the attraction of immigrants over time. The empirical results suggest that—as the system matures—network variables have an increasing impact on the attraction of immigrants, while the impact of economic factors declines. The research is concluded with a series of simulations that further highlight the internal dynamic of international migration systems.