cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microearthquakes and the nature of the creeping-to-locked transition of the San Andreas fault zone near San Juan Bautista, California

Abstract Eighteen digital event recorders were deployed during May-June 1981 along the creeping-to-locked transition of the San Andreas fault zone near San Juan Bautista, California, as a supplement to the U.S. Geological Survey9s central California seismic network. Analysis of 18 well-recorded microearthquakes (0.7 ≦ M L ≦ 2.8) located along the transition confirms the complexity of the crust and fault-zone structure of the transition region. Seismic-wave site amplification is 2 to 10 times greater at sites between the San Andreas and Sargent fault traces, consistent with other evidence for lower velocities in the upper 3 km of crust there. Routine mislocation of epicenters 2 to 4 km northeast of the Sargent fault are consistent with greater P -wave velocity northeast of the Sargent fault. Microearthquake source parameters are consistent with a more segmented and splayed fault geometry toward the northwest locked end of the transition. P -wave nodal planes for 10 microearthquakes located to the northwest, 9 on the Sargent fault, and 1 near the San Andreas, are oriented more westerly than nodal planes commonly obtained for the frequent moderate-size earthquakes on the creeping section of the San Andreas fault to the southeast. Static stress drop, dynamic stress drop, and apparent stress estimates all increase with seismic moment, with the apparent stress and dynamic stress drops equal to about 3 and 20 per cent, respectively of the static stress drop. Average fracture energies, calculated assuming complete stress drop, generally increase with source size (seismic moment, rupture area, seismic slip, etc.) from 7 to 3000 J/m 2 ; the two events with anomalously low fracture energies occurred on the creeping section of the San Andreas fault.
Detection of food allergy.

Criteria which are helpful in the diagnosis of food allergy include a positive food history, constitutional symptoms, perennial symptoms and, in asthma, cyclic occurrence, exacerbation in the winter, and attacks late at night. Skin tests are of limited value, but their use is warranted because occasionally they furnish leads to the correct diagnosis. Elimination diets are discussed. Sample diets (addenda) are available on request.
Clinical Application of Sacral Reflex Latency

AbstractWe determined the sacral reflex latency in 108 neurologically normal subjects and 110 patients with neurological lesions by applying stimulating current to the glans penis or clitoris and measuring the response with electrodes inserted in the external urethral and anal sphincters. In normal men the mean latencies were 34.6 plus or minus 5.1 (standard deviation) msec, at the external urethral sphincter and 36.0 plus or minus 5.2 msec, at the external anal sphincter. In normal women the mean latencies were 37.4 plus or minus 5.5 msec, at the external urethral sphincter and 38.6 plus or minus 4.0 msec, at the external anal sphincter. The mean reflex latency in patients with upper motor neuron lesions was significantly shorter. To our knowledge this is the first single electrophysiological test to show a difference between such patients and normal subjects. An increased mean latency was found in patients with lower motor neuron impairment. We conclude that measurement of sacral reflex latency can add ...
Binding-Activated Superradiant Probes for Amyloid in Solution and Tissue

Improved fluorescent detection of amyloid protein aggregates would accelerate research into the biology of amyloid formation, implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, among other neurodegenerative conditions. We report the development of a fluorescent sensor OPE1 for amyloids, competent for one- and two-photon imaging, with a strong binding-activated increase in emission based on formation of superluminescent J aggregates and dequenching in a hydrophobic environment. OPE1 stains neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques with low background in murine and human brain tissue, and detects a wide variety of in vitro-formed amyloid aggregates. Unlike conventional sensors such as thioflavin T, OPE1 exhibits static quenching in water based on interactions with chromophore-attached ethyl ester moieties as well as a propensity to form highly emissive J-type aggregates. We provide evidence that both these mechanisms are at work in the large increase in fluorescence intensity observed for OPE1 with amyloid fibrils. We hope that these novel mechanisms will lead to the development of improved self-assembling fluorescent probes for amyloid and other relevant analytes.
The Politics of Managing the Maine Lobster Industry: 1860 to the Present

Marine fisheries are in a state of crisis. One of the few successfully managed fisheries is the Maine lobster industry where catches are at an all time high. An important factor in this success is the effectiveness of regulations which were developed during three periods over the course of the past 125 years. In all cases, the regulations are the result of heavy lobbying activity by various factions in the industry. Both strong commercial rivalry and genuine concern for the well-being of the lobster resource played a role in generating these regulations. However, history did not repeat itself. In each period, the players, circumstances, and goals were very different. The result, however, is a set of effective regulations which are largely self-enforcing.
457. A Characterization of Transgene-Specific “Proteomes” in Lentiviral Vector Clinical Production Lots Identifies Differences between Vectors with High and Low Infectious Titers

Gene delivery using viral vectors is a powerful tool which can be used to correct genetic diseases and treat acquired illnesses. HIV-based lentiviral vectors (LVs) are advantageous in gene therapy applications for due to their genomic integration and ability to infect non-dividing cells. We have found that scale-up for is successful in retaining physical particle titers; however, the transduction efficiency of certain vectors, particularly in sensitive primary cells (e.g. human CD34+ cells), is significantly less than expected. Our working hypothesis is that current large-scale production methods may concentrate proteins that modulate transduction. To address this possibility, we characterized the “lentiviral vector proteome” of several different clinical vector lots using an Orbitrap Velos Pro Hybrid Mass Spectrophotometer. Since X-VIVO 10 medium was the final product medium in all LV lots, proteins identified in a sample of unused medium were eliminated from the analysis. We first identified a subset of 24 proteins common to ALL vector lots. Not surprisingly, further analysis showed that 6 of these proteins are both “top 25” exosome markers in the ExoCarta database and known gag-pol interacting proteins listed in the HIV-1 Human Interaction Database. Independent of production size and tangential flow filtration brand, we next identified 57 proteins unique to a low titer LV expressing human beta-globin (BG). We similarly identified 47 proteins unique to a high titer LV expressing adenosine deaminase (ADA). BG lots were enriched in proteasome subunit proteins and ADA lots in ribosomal subunit proteins. Interestingly, the ADA lots were also enriched in several 14-3-3 family proteins that are known to modulate intracellular signaling pathways. It is possible that the mere presence or relative levels of specific proteins, such as 14-3-3 proteins, can affect transduction. We can speculate that the mechanism involves indirect effects of the vector transgene on the producer cells which yields a particle that is more stable and/or has an increased capacity to transduce cells.
Avoiding the Learning Curve for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objectives. To evaluate whether collaboration between existing and new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) programs could help reduce the number of cases needed to achieve optimal efficiency. Background. There is a well-documented learning curve for achieving procedural efficiency and safety in TAVR procedures. Methods. A multidisciplinary collaboration was established between the Minneapolis VA Medical Center (new program) and the University of Minnesota (established program since 2012, ) 1 year prior to launching the new program. Results. 269 patients treated with TAVR (50 treated in the first year at the new program). Mean age was 76 (±18) years and STS score was 6.8 (±6). Access included transfemoral (, 70%), transapical (, 16%), transaortic (, 4%), and subclavian (, 10%) types. Procedural efficiency (procedural time versus , ), device success (96% versus 87%, ), length of stay ( versus days, ), and safety (in hospital mortality 4% versus 6%, ) were similar between programs. We found no difference in outcome measures between the first and last 25 patients treated during the first year of the new program. Conclusions. Establishing a partnership with an established program can help mitigate the learning curve associated with these complex procedures.
Anaerobic soil disinfestation impact on soil nutrients dynamics and nitrous oxide emissions in fresh-market tomato

Abstract Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is proposed as a pre-plant, non-chemical soil disinfestation technique to control several soilborne phytosanitary issues. Limited information is available on the impact of ASD on soil fertility, plant growth, and potential nutrient loss. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of ASD applied using composted poultry litter (CPL) and molasses as amendments, on soil redox potential, pH, temperature, soil nutrient content, plant biomass and nutrient accumulation, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. A field study was conducted on fresh-market tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) at two sites, Immokalee and Citra, FL, comparing ASD applied using a mix of CPL at the rate of 22 Mg ha −1 and two rates of molasses [13.9 (ASD1) and 27.7 m 3 ha −1 (ASD2)] as a carbon-source to chemical soil fumigation (CSF). ASD treatment had a significant impact on soil redox potential, but did not affect soil pH or temperature. Soil treatment did not affect nitrous oxide emissions from intact polyethylene mulched beds at either location. Emissions ranged from 0 to 0.378 μg m −2 h −1 and from 8.8 to 39.8 μg m −2 h −1 in Immokalee and Citra, respectively. However, on day 21 after punching holes in the polyethylene film to transplant, N 2 O emissions ranged from 1.56 to 4.83 and from 303.4 to 1480.1 μg m −2 h −1 in Immokalee and Citra, respectively. Emissions were higher in ASD than in CSF plots in Citra, but not in Immokalee. Molasses and CPL used in ASD treatments increased soil nutrients content, and particularly the availability of P and K. Results show no clear evidence of an increased risk of N loss with ASD compared to CSF. However, pre- and post-planting nutrient management should be adjusted to take into account the nutrients provided through the molasses and CLP application.
De-extinction and Deep Questions About Species Conservation

AbstractT. J. Kasperbauer presents an analysis of the ethics of de-extinction that is fairly distinctive in its focus on the welfare of individual animals. But while he is right to express concerns about individual animal well-being, individualism may not be the most important lens through which to view this issue. If one examines more closely what is at issue in de-extinction technologies in relation to species, additional problems appear that cast doubt both on the legitimacy of de-extinction projects, and on the limited defense of them that Kasperbauer offers.
Temporal dynamics of relief in avoidance conditioning and fear extinction: Experimental validation and clinical relevance.

The learning principles that guide the acquisition and extinction of avoidance are not fully understood. We developed a novel paradigm to study the temporal dynamics of relief, a putative reinforcer of avoidance, and the recovery of fear and avoidance following extinction. During conditioning, the avoidance action canceled the aversive unconditional stimulus (US), without terminating the predictive conditional stimulus (CS). Relief pleasantness was rated after fixed CS offsets, when US omission occured. Avoidance was effective to one CS, but not to another, to track stimulus-specific avoidance learning. Fear was extinguished under response prevention in a separate context. Recovery tests took place 24 h later, in both contexts and with a monetary cost added to the avoidance action. We found that avoidance gradually became stimulus-specific during conditioning, but hardly recovered during delayed testing. Across all phases, initial omissions of the aversive US triggered relief that gradually declined over consecutive omissions, in line with a theoretical prediction error signal. Participants that scored low on distress tolerance, however, displayed sustained levels of relief over continuous omissions. We propose that such forms of sustained relief may produce over-reinforcement of foregoing avoidance actions and promote the development of pathological avoidance. The current paradigm represents an efficacious tool to study the temporal dynamics of relief across avoidance learning and fear extinction and to characterize relief dysregulations in relation to psychopathology.
Reliability and Fall Risk Detection for the BESTest and Mini-BESTest in Older Adults.

Background & purpose Test stability and test-retest reliability have not previously been reported for either the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) or mini-BESTest (mBEST) in a population of older adults with nonspecific balance limitations. Furthermore, no criterion for identifying change greater than chance has been reported in older adults with nonspecific balance problems using either BESTest or mBEST scores. The purposes of this study were to determine test stability over time, test-retest reliability, to identify minimum detectable change for the BESTest and mBEST in a population of older adults with nonspecific balance problems. In addition, the ability of the BESTest and mBEST to identify past fallers was characterized. Methods This was an observational study with 58 adults 65 years or older with a history of falls or self-reported balance problem. The BESTest and mBEST were administered to all participants at the beginning and end of 4 weeks. Test-retest reliability was calculated with intraclass correlations, and minimum detectable change was calculated at the 95% confidence level (MDC95). Receiver operating characteristics were used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of the BESTest and mBEST to identify older adults who had previously fallen. Results Balance scores did not significantly change over a 4-week period. Test-retest reliability for the BESTest (0.86) and mBEST (0.84) was good to excellent. MDC95 scores were identified for the BESTest (8.9) and mBEST (4). Conclusions The BESTest and mBEST scores were stable and reliable over a period of 4 weeks for a population of older adults with self-reported balance problems or a history of falling. MDC95 scores allow interpretation of change in BESTest and mBEST scores following rehabilitation.
Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence Following Hysterectomy

Vaginal cuff dehiscence is a rare complication following total hysterectomy with an overall incidence generally estimated to be less than 1 %. The severity of vaginal cuff dehiscence ranges from mild separation to intestinal evisceration, a surgical emergency. Characteristics such as obesity and vaginal atrophy may predispose patients to vaginal cuff dehiscence. Additionally, factors such as the surgical approaches for hysterectomy and cuff closure likewise impact a patient’s overall risk for vaginal cuff dehiscence. Pelvic surgeons must be mindful of the signs of vaginal cuff dehiscence and prepared to efficiently address this potentially life-threatening surgical emergency.
Technologies of Governance: Science, State and Citizen in Visions of the Bioeconomy

This chapter examines visions of the bioeconomy , exploring how these visions construct biotechnological innovation as urgently necessary to guard against a host of global-scale risks, and as reflecting and requiring particular relationships between science , state and citizen. The chapter argues that such visions of the bioeconomy reflect an imaginary of innovation -as-governance wherein technoscience is positioned the primary agent capable of enhancing social wellbeing, with corresponding requirements for the state to facilitate this function. The chapter analyzes bioeconomy strategies published by the United States and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD ) together with FDA regulation of AquAdvantage Salmon to illustrate how this imaginary informs both political agendas and regulatory practices, including the manner in which public ambivalence to biotechnology is negotiated in these contexts.
RNA interference-based silencing of the alpha-amylase (amy1) gene in Aspergillus flavus decreases fungal growth and aflatoxin production in maize kernels

Expressing an RNAi construct in maize kernels that targets the gene for alpha-amylase in Aspergillus flavus resulted in suppression of alpha-amylase (amy1) gene expression and decreased fungal growth during in situ infection resulting in decreased aflatoxin production. Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic fungus and pathogen to several important food and feed crops, including maize. Once the fungus colonizes lipid-rich seed tissues, it has the potential to produce toxic secondary metabolites, the most dangerous of which is aflatoxin. The pre-harvest control of A. flavus contamination and aflatoxin production is an area of intense research, which includes breeding strategies, biological control, and the use of genetically-modified crops. Host-induced gene silencing, whereby the host crop produces siRNA molecules targeting crucial genes in the invading fungus and targeting the gene for degradation, has shown to be promising in its ability to inhibit fungal growth and decrease aflatoxin contamination. Here, we demonstrate that maize inbred B104 expressing an RNAi construct targeting the A. flavus alpha-amylase gene amy1 effectively reduces amy1 gene expression resulting in decreased fungal colonization and aflatoxin accumulation in kernels. This work contributes to the development of a promising technology for reducing the negative economic and health impacts of A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination in food and feed crops.
Validation of American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth staging system for gallbladder cancer and its lymphadenectomy guidelines

Abstract Background For gallbladder cancer (GBC), the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition (AJCC 8) staging system classifies lymph node (LN) stage by the number of positive LN and recommends sampling of ≥6 LNs. We evaluated the prognostic capability of the AJCC 8 for patients undergoing resection and the current national trends in LN staging in the context of these new recommendations for nodal (N) sampling. Methods Utilizing the National Cancer Data Base, we identified all gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients treated with surgical resection in 2004-2014. Cox regression modeling was used to calculate the concordance index of AJCC 8 in predicting overall survival. N sampling and positivity rates were analyzed over the study period. Results In our cohort, predicted 5-year overall survival by AJCC 8 was: stage I, 62.5%; II, 50.2%; IIIA, 25.7%; IIIB, 22.1%; IVA, 15.7%; IVB, 6.7% (P Conclusions AJCC 8 offers adequate discrimination for GBC staging, especially for node-positive patients. With actual GBC LN sampling rates at 50.7%, and far short of the ≥6 LN threshold, quality improvement measures may need to focus on requiring any LN sampling before raising the minimum to six LNs.
Emotions and Consciousness

No longer is it possible to throw the question out as meaningless, though it is stranger than science has ever met before: Has the universe had to adapt itself from its earliest days to the future requirements for life and mind? Until we understand which way truth lies in this domain, we can very well agree that we do not know the first thing about the universe.
Semi-automatic fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis

ABSTRACT Fault and fracture interpretation is a fundamental but essential tool for subsurface structure mapping and modelling from 3D seismic data. The existing methods for semi‐automatic/automatic fault picking are primarily based on seismic discontinuity analysis that evaluates the lateral changes in seismic waveform and/or amplitude, which is limited by its low resolution on subtle faults and fractures without apparent vertical displacements in seismic images. This study presents an innovative workflow for computer‐aided fault/fracture interpretation based on seismic geometry analysis. First, the seismic curvature and flexure attributes are estimated for highlighting both the major faults and the subtle fractures in a seismic volume. Then, fault probability is estimated from the curvature and flexure volumes for differentiation between the potential faults and non‐faulting features in the geometric attributes. Finally, the seeded fault picking is implemented for interpreting the target faults and fractures guided by the knowledge of interpreters to avoid misinterpretation and artefacts in the presence of faulting complexities as well as coherent seismic noises. Applications to two 3D seismic volumes from the Netherlands North Sea and the offshore New Zealand demonstrate the added values of the proposed method in imaging and picking the subtle faults and fractures that are often overlooked in the conventional seismic discontinuity analysis and the following fault‐interpretation procedures.
Keeping Rumors in Proportion: Managing Uncertainty in Rumor Systems

The study of rumors has garnered wider attention as regulators and researchers turn towards problems of misinformation on social media. One goal has been to discover and implement mechanisms that promote healthy information ecosystems. Classically defined as regarding ambiguous situations, rumors pose the unique difficulty of intrinsic uncertainty around their veracity. Further complicating matters, rumors can serve the public when they do spread valuable true information. To address these challenges, we develop an approach that reifies "rumor proportions" as central to the theory of systems for managing rumors. We use this lens to advocate for systems that, rather than aiming to stifle rumors entirely or aiming to stop only false rumors, aim to prevent rumors from growing out of proportion relative to normative benchmark representations of intrinsic uncertainty.
Abstract ES9-1: Optimizing treatment of early stage triple negative breast cancer: Clinical challenges and new scientific horizons

“Triple negative” breast cancer (TNBC) as defined by the lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and absence of Her2-overexpression, is challenging due to its aggressive natural history and limited treatment options. However, significant progress has been made in the last decade in understanding the biological diversity of TNBC, its prognosis and approaches to successful treatment. For example, molecular classification by gene expression studies initially identified a basal molecular subtype enriched for TNBC, which was further refined to additional include 4 major subtypes: basal-like, mesenchymal, luminal androgen receptor and immune-enriched. In addition, clear associations between TNBC and mutations in DNA-repair-related genes, especially BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 have been elucidated. These findings have subsequently guided therapeutic development. The early-stage setting has been the focus of much of this work, as it is clear that patients who have tumors that respond vigorously to chemotherapy preoperatively have a reduced likelihood of later metastatic recurrence compared to those who have poorly-responsive disease. Capitalizing on this knowledge, trials in the neoadjuvant setting have defined the importance of pathologic complete response (pCR) as a surrogate endpoint, and have shed light on differential effects of standard therapy (such as platinums), development of new targeted therapies (such as PARP inhibitors) and the role of immunotherapy. The high rate of observed recurrence in patients who have high stage disease at diagnosis, or, in particular, residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, has also led to the launch of clinical trials in the adjuvant and post-neoadjvuant setting designed to specifically address micrometastatic minimal residual disease and therapy resistance. The advantage of the post-neoadjvuant approach to trials amongst patients with residual disease is to decrease the size of adjuvant trials, and allow them to be focused within populations most at risk of recurrence, sparing those with good prognosis the need for additional, potentially toxic treatment. Despite this progress, there are still many unanswered questions regarding optimal therapy and potential to improve outcomes in TNBC. This session will review the state of the science with regard to biology, new treatment approaches, and the value of both the neoadjuvant and post-neoadjvuant settings in developing optimal approaches to tailor therapy on the basis of risk stratification, reduce recurrence, and improve outcomes for women presenting with triple negative breast cancer. Citation Format: DeMichele A. Optimizing treatment of early stage triple negative breast cancer: Clinical challenges and new scientific horizons [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES9-1.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Novel AhR Targets That Regulate Dendritic Cell Function during Influenza A Virus Infection.

Activation of the ligand inducible aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) during primary influenza A virus infection diminishes host responses by negatively regulating the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to prime naive CD8+ T cells, which reduces the generation of CTL. However, AhR-regulated genes and signaling pathways in DCs are not fully known. In this study, we used unbiased gene expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in DCs that are modulated by AhR activation in vivo. Using the prototype AhR agonist TCDD, we identified the lectin receptor Cd209a (DC-SIGN) and chemokine Ccl17 as novel AhR target genes. We further show the percentage of DCs expressing CD209a on their surface was significantly decreased by AhR activation during infection. Whereas influenza A virus infection increased CCL17 protein levels in the lung and lung-draining lymph nodes, this was significantly reduced following AhR activation. Targeted excision of AhR in the hematopoietic compartment confirmed AhR is required for downregulation of CCL17 and CD209a. Loss of AhR’s functional DNA-binding domain demonstrates that AhR activation alone is necessary but not sufficient to drive downregulation. AhR activation induced similar changes in gene expression in human monocyte-derived DCs. Analysis of the murine and human upstream regulatory regions of Cd209a and Ccl17 revealed a suite of potential transcription factor partners for AhR, which may coregulate these genes in vivo. This study highlights the breadth of AhR-regulated pathways within DCs, and that AhR likely interacts with other transcription factors to modulate DC functions during infection.
The Myelination Cascade

The elaboration of myelin represents the culmination of a complex developmental interaction between neurons and glia. A variety of experiments with myelinating systems in vivo and in vitro are consistent with the hypothesis that this process, at least in the peripheral nervous system, is initiated via a contact-dependent differentiation signal conveyed from the surface of neuronal axons to a receptor expressed on the surface of myelin-forming glia. Processing of this differentiation signal must involve a signal transduction apparatus many of whose components are unique to myelinating cells, including the regulatory and structural proteins required for the elaboration of myelin (reviewed in Lemke, 1988).
Biliopancreatic diversion is beyond just weight loss

Biliopancreatic diversion slows glucose absorption and increases insulin sensitivity, which results in better glycemic control than other gastric bypass procedures.
Characterizing the Effects of Quetiapine in Military Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Objectives A previous randomized placebo-controlled trial in military veterans posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found that quetiapine improved global PTSD symptoms severity, depression and anxiety as well as the re-experiencing and hypearousal clusters. However, it is not known if individual symptoms had a preferential response to this medication. The goal of this study was to analyze the individual symptom response in this group of patients. Methods Data from a previous trial was re-analyzed. Each of the of the scale items was analyzed individually using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Results Compared to placebo, there was a significant decline in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale intrusive memories and insomnia questions. In the Davidson Trauma Scale, greater improvements were observed on irritability, difficulty concentrating, hyperstartle and a trend was observed on avoiding thoughts or feelings about the event. Greater improvements compared with placebo were noted on the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) middle and late insomnia items. On the Hamilton Anxiety scale (HAM-A), the insomnia item was significantly improved. Conclusions Quetiapine demonstrated greater effect than placebo on several symptoms. The strongest response was seen on insomnia, which the highest significance level on the CAPS. The insomnia items of both the HAM-D and HAM-A also demonstrated improvement with quetiapine. These finding indicate quetiapine improved sleep measure. Insomnia can be a difficult problem to treat in PTSD patients, therefore quetiapine should be considered in difficult cases.
Evidence to the contrary: matrimony & legal interventionism in silent divorce comedies

Captivated by the vagaries of romance, American silent cinema was smitten from the outset with the narrative possibilities of not only attraction but the gamut of ensuing legal entanglements. Divor...
Bias and Groupthink in Science’s Peer-Review System

Studies have shown that various types of biases can impact scientific peer review. These biases may contribute to a type of groupthink that can make it difficult to obtain funding or publish innovative or controversial research. The desire to achieve consensus and uniformity within a research group or scientific discipline can make it difficult for individuals to contradict the status quo. This chapter reviews the scientific literature regarding biases in the peer-review system, reflects on the potential impact of bias, and discusses approaches to minimize or control bias in peer review.
Policing the Press: Retaliatory Arrests of Newsgatherers After Nieves v. Bartlett

Dating back to the Founding, theorists have touted the checking value of the press in exposing government abuse. Pretextual arrests targeting newsgatherers raise significant First Amendment concerns, since even a brief, “catch-and-release” detainment may altogether prevent a newsgatherer from capturing images or disseminating timely news updates from an event. In this sense, arrests of newsgatherers pose similar concerns as prior restraints—they allow authorities to arbitrarily wield broad, censorial power to suppress information before it reaches the marketplace of ideas. A recent Supreme Court decision could make it more difficult for citizens exercising their First Amendment rights, including newsgatherers, to respond to discriminatory arrests. In Nieves v. Bartlett, the Court held that, except for certain, atypical arrests, the existence of probable cause will defeat a First Amendment retaliatory arrest civil damages claim brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The ruling threatens the ability of journalists to bring viable civil claims to help deter pretextual arrests, since probable cause for some minor offense will often be easy to articulate. The decision may also undermine the practical value of recent circuit court decisions recognizing a First Amendment right of citizens to film police and government activities. This Note proposes judicial and legislative solutions post-Nieves to safeguard the rights of those who seek to report on police activity. In particular, it advocates for a commonsense reading of Nieves’s atypical arrest exception that will give lower courts the flexibility to consider claims involving suspected retaliatory arrests that target protected speech. This Note also argues that Nieves’s no-probable-cause requirement should not apply to retaliatory arrests of newsgatherers that act like prior restraints.
Speed and directedness predict colonization sequence post-disturbance

Foundational ecological models characterize dispersal with two behavioral traits, speed and directional bias. We hypothesized that these two traits can predict the order of colonization by fishes in a heterogenous landscape. Colonization patterns following hydrological disturbance were documented from a 20-year multi-site time series of marsh fish, and we evaluated the ability of a two-parameter model to predict these patterns. The maximum aerobic swimming speed (UCRIT) for six coexisting fish species were estimated using endurance tests; field estimates of directedness and swimming speed were previously documented using encounter samplers. We incorporated interspecific variation in speed, direction, and density into several Agent Based Models to simulate dispersal following disturbance. Six virtual “species” with varying levels of directedness, “swam” in an artificial environment to reach a refuge habitat. The time of first arrival for each species was saved at the end of each run and used to calculate the probability of arrival order. Our simulated results generated predictions on order of arrival consistent with observed colonization patterns in our long-term dataset. Swim tunnel results revealed that fast (high UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of early colonizing species; whereas, slow (low UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of late colonizing species. Directional bias better predicted order of arrival than speed and was robust to inter-specific variation in density. This study demonstrated that two parameters were adequate to predict the order of species colonization in a complex landscape. These results support the use of relatively simple trait-based models to generate realistic community assembly dynamics.
Femtosecond Plasmonic Laser Nanosurgery (fs-PLN) mediated by molecularly targeted gold nanospheres at ultra-low pulse fluences.

Plasmonic Laser Nanosurgery (PLN) is a novel photomodification technique that exploits the near-field enhancement of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses in the vicinity of gold nanoparticles. While prior studies have shown the advantages of fs-PLN to modify cells, further reduction in the pulse fluence needed to initiate photomodification is crucial to facilitate deep-tissue treatments. This work presents an in-depth study of fs-PLN at ultra-low pulse fluences using 47 nm gold nanoparticles, conjugated to antibodies that target the epithelial growth factor receptor and excited off-resonance using 760 nm, 270 fs laser pulses at 80 MHz repetition rate. We find that fs-PLN can optoporate cellular membranes with pulse fluences as low as 1.3 mJ/cm2, up to two orders of magnitude lower than those used at lower repetition rates. Our results, corroborated by simulations of free-electron generation by particle photoemission and photoionization of the surrounding water, shed light on the off-resonance fs-PLN mechanism. We suggest that photo-chemical pathways likely drive cellular optoporation and cell damage at these off-resonance, low fluence, and high repetition rate fs-laser pulses, with clusters acting as local concentrators of ROS generation. We believe that the low fluence and highly localized ROS-mediated fs-PLN approach will enable targeted therapeutics and cancer treatment.
Trends in Adiposity and Food Insecurity Among US Adults

Importance Food insecurity is a pervasive public health issue in the US that is associated with greater body weight. Objective To examine national trends in food insecurity among US adults from 1999 to 2016 according to surrogate measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data obtained from nine 2-year cycles (1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US. The sample comprised adult survey participants aged 20 years or older. Data analyses were performed from July 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was food insecurity. Data on BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were categorized as follows: normal weight (BMI, 102 cm; women: >88 cm). Food insecurity prevalence by adiposity was further analyzed using key demographic characteristics, including sex and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Other). Results Among the 46 145 adults in the final sample, the mean (SD) age was 46.9 (0.2) years. Of this sample, 23 957 were women (52.0%; 95% CI, 51.6%-52.5%) and 20 825 were non-Hispanic White adults (68.8%; 95% CI, 66.6%-71.0%). The estimated prevalence of food insecurity was 18.2% (95% CI, 15.3%-21.2%) in the 2015 to 2016 cycle, a statistically significant change from 8.7% (95% CI, 7.3%-10.2%) in the 1999 to 2000 cycle. Among all adiposity categories, food insecurity prevalence significantly increased from the 1999 to 2000 cycle to the 2015 to 2016 cycle. The prevalence of food insecurity was highest in adults with obesity (22.6%; 95% CI, 19.5%-25.8%;Pfor trend Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the estimated prevalence of food insecurity appeared to increase from 1999 to 2016 and across all levels of adiposity. These results suggest the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address the association between food insecurity and obesity in the US.
A Beam-Angle-Selection Method to Improve Inter-Fraction Motion Robustness for Lung Tumor Irradiation With Passive Proton Scattering.

In terms of dose distribution, protons are more sensitive to range variations than photons due to their unique properties. The aim of this study was to develop a method to identify patient-specific...
Conducting Outcomes Research in a Clinical Practice Setting: The Effectiveness and Acceptability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in a Partial Hospital Program.

Abstract Multiple challenges exist integrating research into clinical practice, particularly in acute care settings where randomized controlled trials may be impractical or unethical. Partial or day hospitals are one such setting. As compared to outpatients and inpatients, relatively little research is conducted or reported in partial hospital program (PHP) patients, leaving providers in this setting without a solid empirical basis from which to draw. We report treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction from the first 750 patients enrolled in a clinical research PHP utilizing the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) treatment model. ACT is a well-established, transdiagnostic behavior therapy. However, to date no study has examined the use of ACT in acute day hospitals. We hypothesized that applying ACT with this patient group would result in significantly improved depression, anxiety, functioning, and quality of life from intake to discharge. We additionally expected that patients would report high satisfaction with ACT treatment groups. Patients (n = 750 full sample, n = 518 completed treatment) completed daily measures of symptoms, functioning, and ACT processes at intake and discharge, and postgroup satisfaction surveys. Results showed significant improvements in symptoms and impairment. ACT process variables also increased over the course of treatment. Importantly, patient satisfaction was high for all groups. Thus, ACT provides an appropriate, flexible, effective, and satisfactory model for this patient group. A comparison of our findings using ACT to the limited research using other models in PHP settings is discussed, as well as challenges in the overall process of integrating research into routine clinical care.
Justification for considering zero-inflated models in crash frequency analysis

Abstract One common challenge of modeling intersection related crash data is the high proportion of sites with zero crashes. Extensive research has been done on appropriate methods to handle excess zeroes. There is some reluctance to use zero-inflated models in the traffic safety literature. The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate zero-inflated models to determine if they are a suitable method for modeling crash counts. An appropriate approach to model selection is to choose the model that best accomplishes research objectives rather than attempting to discover the true underlying data generating process. Thus using zero-inflated models is warranted when they outperform other models relative to research objectives. In addition, using zero-inflated models does not assume sites are in an inherently safe or unsafe state, and should not be summarily dismissed on the basis of disagreement with the hypothesized underlying data generating process. Secondarily, we compare implementations of zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, and negative binomial-Lindley Bayesian hierarchical models using intersection related crash data for the state of Utah from 2014 to 2018. We specifically compare the quality of fit as determined by a Bayesian χ 2 test for goodness-of-fit and their relative predictive accuracy. The zero-inflated negative binomial performs best overall. We conclude that there are cases where zero-inflated models perform as well or better than other comparable models and may be considered as a viable option to model crash counts.
Abstract 14701: Prognostic Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Quantification of Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with poor outcomes and the prognostic role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) quantification of secondary MR has rarely been ...
Practical Deep Learning Architecture Optimization

The design of neural network architectures for a new data set is a laborious task which requires human deep learning expertise. In order to make deep learning available for a broader audience, automated methods for finding a neural network architecture are vital. Recently proposed methods can already achieve human expert level performances. However, these methods have run times of months or even years of GPU computing time, ignoring hardware constraints as faced by many researchers and companies. We propose the use of Monte Carlo planning in combination with two different UCT (upper confidence bound applied to trees) derivations to search for network architectures. We adapt the UCT algorithm to the needs of network architecture search by proposing two ways of sharing information between different branches of the search tree. In an empirical study we are able to demonstrate that this method is able to find competitive networks for MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR-10 in just a single GPU day. Extending the search time to five GPU days, we are able to outperform man-made architectures and our competitors which consider the same types of layers.
The BET family in immunity and disease

Innate immunity serves as the rapid and first-line defense against invading pathogens, and this process can be regulated at various levels, including epigenetic mechanisms. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family of proteins consists of four conserved mammalian members (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) that regulate the expression of many immunity-associated genes and pathways. In particular, in response to infection and sterile inflammation, abnormally expressed or dysfunctional BETs are involved in the activation of pattern recognition receptor (e.g., TLR, NLR, and CGAS) pathways, thereby linking chromatin machinery to innate immunity under disease or pathological conditions. Mechanistically, the BET family controls the transcription of a wide range of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory genes by recognizing acetylated histones (mainly H3 and H4) and recruiting transcription factors (e.g., RELA) and transcription elongation complex (e.g., P-TEFb) to the chromatin, thereby promoting the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and subsequent transcription initiation and elongation. This review covers the accumulating data about the roles of the BET family in innate immunity, and discusses the attractive prospect of manipulating the BET family as a new treatment for disease.
Needle-based deep-neural-network camera

We experimentally demonstrate a camera whose primary optic is a cannula/needle (diameter=0.22mm and length=12.5mm) that acts as a light pipe transporting light intensity from an object plane (35 cm away) to its opposite end. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to reconstruct color and grayscale images with a field of view of 18° and angular resolution of ∼0.4∘. We showed a large effective demagnification of 127×. Most interestingly, we showed that such a camera could achieve close to diffraction-limited performance with an effective numerical aperture of 0.045, depth of focus ∼16µm, and resolution close to the sensor pixel size (3.2 µm). When trained on images with depth information, the DNN can create depth maps. Finally, we show DNN-based classification of the EMNIST dataset before and after image reconstructions. The former could be useful for imaging with enhanced privacy.
42 Are GP trainees ready to manage palliative care patients independently by completion of training

Background Palliative care in the community is predominantly carried out by General Practitioners (GPs). As palliative care is part of most GPs workloads then trainees need to be prepared to manage this group of patients by completion of training (CCT). The aim of the study was to find out about GP trainees’ exposure to palliative care during training and to explore whether GP trainees felt that they were ready to manage palliative care patients independently by CCT. Methods Semi-structured interviews were carried out by telephone with ten final year GP trainees. The trainees were voluntarily recruited through the North East GP Vocational Training Scheme. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results The findings emphasise the importance of palliative care experience during training and the value of hospice placements. The findings demonstrated that many of the skills attained through working with palliative patients were transferrable and enhanced the overall practice of the trainees. Opportunities to develop complex communication skills were particularly valued by the trainees. The interviews highlighted that there were sometimes challenges in accessing palliative care experience in community placements. The interviews were conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic and this had resulted in trainees having opportunities to gain additional experience in advance care planning. Conclusions The study acknowledged that learning does not stop at CCT however the trainees generally felt that during training they received good preparation for independent practice in palliative care. The study supported the importance of good palliative care teaching and experience during training for managing both palliative care patients and providing transferrable holistic skills helpful in all aspects of clinical practice. Further work could be done to explore the variability of trainees’ exposure to palliative care patients in the community and how trainers and practices could be supported in providing this experience.