cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Cases to Teach Financial Management Skills in MPA Programs

Prior research has called for an increase and more rigorous use of the case method in public administration education. However, the pedagogical literature contains very little on how cases are being used in master of public administration (MPA) programs to teach financial management skills. This article presents major lessons learned from using the case method within the context of active learning to teach an elective on advanced budgeting and financial analysis in the MPA program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including the willingness of instructors to write or modify cases to ensure that data analysis is an essential part of the management dilemma. Its purpose is to encourage more instructors to use the case method of instruction and to write local government budgeting and financial management cases.
Therapeutic hypothermia during CPR did not improve survival to discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Source Citation Bernard SA, Smith K, Finn J, et al. Induction of therapeutic hypothermia during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using a rapid infusion of cold saline: the RINSE trial (Rapid Infusion...
Toxicological Implications of Released Particulate Matter during Thermal Decomposition of Nano-Enabled Thermoplastics.

Abstract Nano-enabled thermoplastics are part of the growing market of nano-enabled products (NEPs) that have vast utility in several industries and consumer goods. The use and disposal of NEPs at their end of life has raised concerns about the potential release of constituent engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) during thermal decomposition and their impact on environmental health and safety. To investigate this issue, industrially relevant nano-enabled thermoplastics including polyurethane, polycarbonate, polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes (0.1 and 3% w/v, respectively), polyethylene containing nanoscale iron oxide (5% w/v), and ethylene vinyl acetate containing nanoscale titania (2 and 5% w/v) along with their pure thermoplastic matrices were thermally decomposed using the recently developed lab based Integrated Exposure Generation System (INEXS). The life cycle released particulate matter (called LCPM) was monitored using real time instrumentation, size fractionated, sampled, extracted and prepared for toxicological analysis using primary small airway epithelial cells to assess potential toxicological effects. Various cellular assays were used to assess reactive oxygen species and total glutathione as measurements of oxidative stress along with mitochondrial function, cellular viability, and DNA damage. By comparing toxicological profiles of LCPM released from polymer only (control) with nano-enabled LCPM, potential nanofiller effects due to the use of ENMs were determined. We observed associations between NEP properties such as the percent nanofiller loading, host matrix, and nanofiller chemical composition and the physico-chemical properties of released LCPM, which were linked to biological outcomes. More specifically, an increase in percent nanofiller loading promoted a toxicological response independent of increasing LCPM dose. Importantly, differences in host matrix and nanofiller composition were shown to enhance biological activity and toxicity of LCPM. This work highlights the importance of assessing the toxicological properties of LCPM and raises environmental health and safety concerns of nano-enabled products at their end of life during thermal decomposition/incineration.
Mediating role of emotional symptoms on assessment of health-related quality of life of adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

10092 Background: Factors that may mediate or influence how cancer survivors endorse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) items are not well studied. This study compared HRQOL between adult survi...
McCUBBIN, Hamilton I, Elizabeth A. THOMPSON, Anne I. THOMPSON and Jo A. FUTRELL, editors, RESILIENCY IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES

McCUBBIN, Hamilton I, Elizabeth A. THOMPSON, Anne I. THOMPSON and Jo A. FUTRELL, editors, RESILIENCY IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN FAMILIES. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998, 357pp., $28.95 softcover / $59.95 hardcover. Resiliency in African-American Families is one edited book of three volumes on Resiliency in Families Series produced by the Center for Excellence in Family Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The research aim is to focus on the power of families, in all forms, to recover from adversity. The editors argue that much emphasis has already been placed on African-American families as passive and dysfunctional, instead it is important to study the resources families have and/or develop under adverse circumstances. As such, ecological models are primarily utilized by the included studies. The book has fifteen chapters and is divided into two topical sections: first, Families and Communities, and second, Families and Relationships. The book begins with Alex Kotlowitz', a journalist, keynote address at the "Resiliency in Families" conference. His book, There Are No Children Here, about two young African American mates lived experiences in public housing in Chicago, provides a harsh community context, yet the author also argues for a sense of optimism for the community resident's future. Next, Harriet Pipes McAdoo's article builds on the theme of resiliency by providing a more evident academic framework by discussing coping strategies of resilient Black families, then gives an overview of relevant topical areas, such as marital structures, and children in single-parent homes. The Families and Communities connections continues by the inclusion of studies about peer, housing and neighborhood, religious-church, and prenatal care, as well as the following. Michael C. Thornton investigated the role of caregiver among Black family members, finding that whether immediate or extended, Blacks are very attached to their families in ways that cannot be assessed conventionally. Hamilton I. McCubbin conducted a large, empirical study on a neglected segment of the military population that found even under the stress of military life on foreign ground, AfricanAmerican families adapted and proved resilient. The second section focuses on Families and Relationships, here, relations between marital partners, perceptions of young fathers on the meaning of fatherhood, mother and daughter interactions, and "at-risk" youth's success with a twelve month treatment program are explored; as well as the following. Velma McBride Murry found that most adolescent females have successfilily avoided pregnancy, a small percentage had obtained abortions, and more Black females had become adolescent mothers than Hispanics or Whites. …
Historic Preservation: A Multilayered Inclusive Approach Honoring Immigrants Past and Present

Social justice and housing issues are clearly an area of concern for sociologists, yet preservation of older homes and buildings may seem to be the very antithesis, evoking images of homes of the n...
The case for an RNA enzyme

New evidence suggests that RNA splicing, the removal of non-coding parts of a messenger RNA, is catalysed by an RNA component of the splicing machinery. This component binds a crucial metal ion.
Diffusion of Organizational LGBT-Friendliness through an Interlocking Directory Network

Acknowledging the importance of LGBT issues in the workplace, this study aims at identifying factors that explain the variation in the adoption of LGBT- friendly strategies across firms. Based on networks theory we explored how LGBT-friendly strategies can be diffused through a board interlock network. Given that LGBT issues are still considered controversial, we theorized that unlike other organizational practices, the diffusion of LGBT-friendliness will be influenced by the personal values of the organizational agents participating in this decision. Adopting the upper echelons perspective, we hypothesized that the political ideology of CEOs and members of the board of directors will play a significant role in the likelihood of a firm adopting an LGBT-friendly strategy. In addition, we suggested that the political ideology of the board member who plays the role of the interlock tie determines if he/she will allow the information to flow from one organization to the other. We test our hypotheses using a s...
Ferroelectric FET analog synapse for acceleration of deep neural network training

The memory requirement of at-scale deep neural networks (DNN) dictate that synaptic weight values be stored and updated in off-chip memory such as DRAM, limiting the energy efficiency and training time. Monolithic cross-bar / pseudo cross-bar arrays with analog non-volatile memories capable of storing and updating weights on-chip offer the possibility of accelerating DNN training. Here, we harness the dynamics of voltage controlled partial polarization switching in ferroelectric-FETs (FeFET) to demonstrate such an analog synapse. We develop a transient Presiach model that accurately predicts minor loop trajectories and remnant polarization charge (P r ) for arbitrary pulse width, voltage, and history. We experimentally demonstrate a 5-bit FeFET synapse with symmetric potentiation and depression characteristics, and a 45x tunable range in conductance with 75ns update pulse. A circuit macro-model is used to evaluate and benchmark on-chip learning performance (area, latency, energy, accuracy) of FeFET synaptic core revealing a 103 to 106 acceleration in online learning latency over multi-state RRAM based analog synapses.
Nuova Mediapolis: la fusione di Forma e Media

Questo articolo presenta il paesaggio come l'interfaccia continua tra la forma fisica della citta e l'uso sempre crescente di dispositivi digitali e delle loro potenzialita. Indaga gli atteggiamenti contemporanei verso gli spazi pubblici digitali, come ad esempio le facciate tradizionali multimediali, installazioni d'arte interattive e le applicazioni mobili. I paesaggi permeati dai media potrebbero, se gestiti correttamente, restituire la paternita della gestione dello spazio pubblico all’autorita del singolo cittadino sottraendolo al controllo dei soggetti privati.
Analysis of weight changes after left gastric artery embolization in a cancer-naive population.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate weight changes after left gastric artery (LGA) embolization in a retrospective cancer-naive cohort. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to identify patients who underwent LGA embolization for gastrointestinal bleeding (GI). Patients with known cancer diagnoses at the time of LGA embolization were excluded. Pre- and postprocedure weights were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS A total of 39 patients were identified. In 21 patients who had documented pre- and postprocedural weights, a median of 16.3 kg weight loss (P = 0.045) was observed over a median time of 12 months (range, 2-72). In patients who had pre- and postprocedure endoscopies (n=6), 2 had worsening ulcers following LGA embolization and 4 had stable or no abnormal findings. CONCLUSION Our preliminary observation suggests that LGA embolization is well tolerated and results in unintended weight loss. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Intellectual Property and the New International Economic Order: Oligopoly, Regulation, and Wealth Redistribution in the Global Knowledge Economy

In economic sectors crucial to human welfare – agriculture, education, and medicine – a small number of firms control global markets, primarily by enforcing intellectual property (IP) rights incorporated into trade agreements made in the 1980s onward. Such rights include patents on seeds and medicines, copyrights for educational texts, and trademarks in consumer products. According to conventional wisdom, these agreements likewise ended hopes for a 'New International Economic Order,' under which wealth would be redistributed from rich countries to poor. Sam F. Halabi turns this conventional wisdom on its head by demonstrating that the New International Economic Order never faded, but rather was redirected by other treaties, formed outside the nominally economic sphere, that protected poor countries' interests in education, health, and nutrition and resulted in redistribution and regulation. This illuminating work should be read by anyone seeking a nuanced view of how IP is shaping the global knowledge economy.
The parallel implementation and accuracy of matrix compression in the method of moments code EIGER

This paper describes the implementation of the adaptive cross approximation(ACA) in the method of moments code EIGER. This purely algebraic method provides a mechanism to reduce memory usage and overall computation time. In addition, this work has been targeted for massively parallel platforms to extend the viable frequency range for electromagnetic compatibility and interference problems.
Cloning of the Rat Endogenous Helper Leukemia Virus DNA Sequence and Expression of the Helper Activity Encoded by the Cloned DNA Sequence in Normal Rat Kidney Cells by Microinjection

By the use of recombinant DNA technology and microinjection in cultured cells, the molecular genetic elements involved in the evolution of a retrovirus with the multipotential to infect, transform and replicate in host cell, have been critically examined in this investigation.
Regulatory Structure and Costs

In this chapter we address the issue of regulatory constraints, and their possible market failure motivations and inefficiency outcomes. Regulatory constraints have impacts on firms’ behavior similar to capital fixities; they are a rigidity that the firm has no control over even in the long run, so if the constraint is binding there will be a cost associated with it. They can also be thought of as environmental variables; they determine the regulatory environment the firm faces, and thus the constraints within which the firm must operate. In a sense, therefore, they are similar to external effects except that they typically impose costs on rather than generate benefits for producers, and do not imply spillovers.
PV-Inverter Dynamic Model Validation and Comparison Under Fault Scenarios Using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed

The increasing penetration of inverter-interfaced resources underscores the need of valid and accurate pv-inverter models for short circuit studies and for the design of proper protection schemes. This paper presents comparison and validation of several inverter models’ dynamics under fault scenarios to two commercial inverters using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) testbed. Nowadays, IEEE1574 compliant inverters with anti-islanding will contribute for several cycles (1.1 p.u.) before they disconnect. As the inverter standards move towards low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capabilities to counteract remote faults, the accurate modeling of inverters using this feature becomes extremely important. One of the purposes of this paper is to compare the dynamic behavior of different inverter models with LVRT capabilities against two commercial inverters with the aid of PHIL simulation environments. Comparisons were made under different fault scenarios using the IEEE 13 node feeder as testing grid. The other purpose is to raise awareness amongst inverter manufacturers on providing accurate and comprehensive inverter simulation models that account for the protection engineers necessities.
Beyond romance: Neural and genetic correlates of altruism in pair-bonds

Altruism is an evolutionarily conserved neurobehavioral mechanism for responding to others' needs, even at a cost to the self. It is thought to be rooted in offspring care and is most prominent in kin and close relationships, but also extends to others. We investigated the neural and genetic (OXTR rs53576 and AVPR1a rs3) correlates of altruism (with the Agape scale) in newlywed pair-bonds. Using functional MRI, 18 participants were scanned (T1) while viewing happy or sad face images of the partner; of a stranger; or of a highly familiar, neutral acquaintance (HFN). Thirteen returned for another scan 11 months later (T2), and the additional control of a neutral expression of the partner and stranger was added. At both time points, the right ventral pallidum (VP), ventral tegmental area, and caudate showed significant responses to Partner (romantic) versus HFN images. At T2, altruism scores, OXTR rs53576 G alleles, and AVPR1a rs3 long alleles showed positive correlations with activity in the left VP/accumbens, amygdala, and septum for both Happy and Sad Partner expressions compared to neutral expressions, but not for strangers. However, when the Happy or Sad partner was compared to a Happy or Sad stranger, positive correlations were limited mainly to the amygdala/entorhinal cortex region. This study localized neural correlates of altruism in pair-bonds, including the VP and the amygdala. Also, responsivity in the VP showed increases or decreases as a function of OXTR and AVPR1a variants. These variations may contribute to behavioral heterogeneity and diverse strategies observed in complex social behaviors. In conclusion, the neural and hormonal basis of altruism in pair-bonds may be phylogenetically conserved, yet genetically variable, and promote pair-bond stability and enhance survival and cooperation of the species. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Health and Wellness Programs for Older Adults

Attenuating the physical, functional, cognitive, and emotional declines associated with the aging process is imperative to maximize overall health and wellness in older adults. Health and wellness programs that include both physical activity and nutritional components are necessary to overcome the challenges associated with the aging process. The purpose of this chapter is to identify the aging processes that threaten the functional independence in older adults and outline the physical activity and nutritional modalities to ameliorate these threats. Physical declines include loss of muscle mass and strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility. Nutritional concerns include the presence of chronic disease, polypharmacy, reduced energy needs coexisting with enhanced micronutrient needs, and minimal access to healthy foods. Evidence-based health and wellness programs focusing on physical activity, nutrition, or both are summarized, and practical solutions to improve the programs are provided. Key recommendations to develop a health and wellness program targeted for older adults are given. Health and wellness programs should identify and target critical health needs in the population and incorporate both physical activity, nutrition, and behavioral components into the program to maximize success. In conclusion, these programs are necessary to improve the overall health status of older adults to allow them to have the maximal quality of life.
Glioma grading using structural magnetic resonance imaging and molecular data.

A glioma grading method using conventional structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) and molecular data from patients is proposed. The noninvasive grading of glioma tumors is obtained using multiple radiomic texture features including dynamic texture analysis, multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, and multiresolution fractal Brownian motion in structural MRI. The proposed method is evaluated using two multicenter MRI datasets: (1) the brain tumor segmentation (BRATS-2017) challenge for high-grade versus low-grade (LG) and (2) the cancer imaging archive (TCIA) repository for glioblastoma (GBM) versus LG glioma grading. The grading performance using MRI is compared with that of digital pathology (DP) images in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data repository. The results show that the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is 0.88 for the BRATS dataset. The classification of tumor grades using MRI and DP images in TCIA/TCGA yields mean AUC of 0.90 and 0.93, respectively. This work further proposes and compares tumor grading performance using molecular alterations (IDH1/2 mutations) along with MRI and DP data, following the most recent World Health Organization grading criteria, respectively. The overall grading performance demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed noninvasive glioma grading approach using structural MRI.
Impact of posthospital syndrome on outcomes of elective endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract Objective Posthospital syndrome (PHS) is an acquired, transient period of health vulnerability after a hospital admission for acute illness. It is characterized by physiologic deconditioning secondary to stressors from disruption in circadian rhythm, depletion of nutritional and physiologic reserve as well as the pain and discomfort associated with hospitalization. PHS is reported as an independent risk factor for readmission and adverse postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether preoperative hospitalization affects outcomes of elective endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR). Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database for California (2009-2011) were queried using International Classification of Disease Codes, Ninth Edition, codes of 441.4 (abdominal aneurysm without mention of rupture), 397.1 (EVAR with graft), and 397.8 (EVAR with branching or fenestrated graft). PHS exposure is defined as any inpatient admission 30 or fewer days before elective EVAR. Primary outcomes are all-cause mortality and overall complications. Secondary outcomes include length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission, and hospital charge. Results A total of 6155 patients were identified. of which 327 patients (5.6%) had more than one episode of hospital admission 30 days or less before elective EVAR. In-hospital mortality was comparable after PHS exposure (P = .09). However, PHS exposure was associated with increased 30-day readmission (9.5% vs 18.4%; P Conclusions PHS is an independent risk-adjusted predictor for increased LOS, 30-day readmission, and overall complications after elective EVAR. Recent hospital admission should be assessed carefully before elective EVAR. Medical optimization with an attempt to delay elective surgery by up to 30 days may help to improve surgical outcomes and decrease unnecessary health care expenditures.
Sagittal Tibiotalar Alignment May Not Affect Functional Outcomes in Fixed-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement: A Retrospective Cohort Study:

In total ankle replacement (TAR), correct positioning of the implant is crucial. Malposition of the components may increase contact pressures and diminish prosthesis survival. The effect of sagittal tibiotalar alignment on functional outcomes after fixed-bearing TAR remains unclear, however, and no studies have compared fixed-bearing implants with respect to the anteroposterior (AP) position of the talar component. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of sagittal tibiotalar alignment on functional outcomes in fixed-bearing TAR and (2) to compare post-operative sagittal tibiotalar alignment in two types of fixed-bearing implants. In a retrospective analysis of 71 primary TARs performed at a single center, we studied the INBONE™ II Total Ankle System and the Salto Talaris® Ankle. Radiographic measurements of the tibial axis–talus (T-T) ratio and the AP offset ratio were performed before and after surgery, respectively, and we evaluated Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOSs) and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scales pre-operatively and at 2 years after surgery. The Pearson correlation and independent-samples t test were used to evaluate differences in FAOSs, SF-12 MCS scores, and SF-12 PCS scores regarding post-operative sagittal alignment. Post-operative sagittal tibiotalar alignment was neutral in 39 ankles and anterior in 32 ankles. We observed no significant between-group differences in clinical outcome scores. Patients with a Salto Talaris Ankle prosthesis had a greater AP offset ratio (0.12) than patients with an INBONE II implant (0.05). However, the greater translation did not correlate with outcome scores. At the 2-year follow-up, no correlation between the post-operative AP offset ratio and functional outcome scores was observed between the two fixed-bearing-implant groups. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine whether the difference in sagittal alignment has an effect on functional outcomes in the long term.
How News Images Affect Clicking on Subscription Appeals

The newspaper industry’s business model increasingly relies on subscriptions as a means of revenue. Little scholarly research has examined what characteristics of subscription appeals make them mor...
Do Ultrafine Cloud Condensation Nuclei Invigorate Deep Convection

AbstractNumerical simulations of the impact of ultrafine cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on deep convection are analyzed to investigate the idea proposed by Fan et al. (Science 2018) that addition ...
Vision and mission of mentoring and coaching focused on school leaders

This issue of Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning Journal includes research from scholars representing Arizona, California, Indiana, Massachusetts, New York, Virginia, and Wisconsin in ...
The Popularity of Duginism: Duginism as Dream Come True

What seemed to be Dugin’s meteoric rise to the country’s political Mt. Olympus coincided with his popularity among the people in the former USSR. Western observers also started to pay attention to Dugin. The reason for this was clear: the early paradigms of “transitology,” which implied that Russia, together with other former socialist countries, should move from totalitarian “abnormality” to Western capitalist “normality,” do not work. And here, Duginism emerged as the potential ideological framework of nationalist, “post-Weimer” Russia.
What America Owes the World: The Struggle for the Soul of Foreign Policy

Preface 1. Exceptionalists all! The first hundred years 2. Brooks Adams: Marx for imperialists 3. Walter Lippmann and a new republic for a new era 4. When the future worked and the trains ran on time: Lincoln Steffens 5. Dr Beard's garden 6. Kennan, Morgenthau, and the sources of superpower conduct 7. Reinhold Niebuhr and the foreign policy of original sin 8. God blinked, but Herman didn't 9. On Wisconsin: Madison and points left 10. The brief of Norman's woe: commentary and the new conservatism 11. It ain't over till it's over - and not even then.
Quantifying magmatic, crustal, and atmospheric helium contributions to volcanic aquifers using all stable noble gases: Implications for magmatism and groundwater flow

[1] We measure all stable noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) in spring waters in the Oregon Cascades volcanic arc and in eastern Oregon, USA. We show that in order to estimate magmatic helium (He) contributions it is critical to simultaneously consider He isotopic ratios, He concentrations, and mixing of He components. Our component mixing analysis requires consideration of all measured noble gases but no other elements and is particularly insightful when strong dilution by air-saturated water has occurred. In addition, this approach can allow distinction between crustal and magmatic He components and facilitates their identification in deep groundwaters that have been diluted by near-surface water. Using this approach, we show that some cold springs on the eastern flanks of the Oregon Cascades exhibit He isotopic ratios that indicate significant magmatic He contributions comparable to those observed in thermal springs on the western flanks. Furthermore, while these magmatic He contributions are largest in deep groundwaters near the Cascades crest, greater magmatic excess He fractions than may be inferred from He isotopic ratios alone are present in all (deep) groundwaters including those at larger distances (>70 km) from the volcanic arc. We also suggest that excess He and heat discharge without dilution by air-saturated water may be restricted to spring discharge along faults.
Memory in astrocytes: a hypothesis

Recent work has indicated an increasingly complex role for astrocytes in the central nervous system. Astrocytes are now known to exchange information with neurons at synaptic junctions and to alter the information processing capabilities of the neurons. As an extension of this trend a hypothesis was proposed that astrocytes function to store information. To explore this idea the ion channels in biological membranes were compared to models known as cellular automata. These comparisons were made to test the hypothesis that ion channels in the membranes of astrocytes form a dynamic information storage device. Two dimensional cellular automata were found to behave similarly to ion channels in a membrane when they function at the boundary between order and chaos. The length of time information is stored in this class of cellular automata is exponentially related to the number of units. Therefore the length of time biological ion channels store information was plotted versus the estimated number of ion channels in the tissue. This analysis indicates that there is an exponential relationship between memory and the number of ion channels. Extrapolation of this relationship to the estimated number of ion channels in the astrocytes of a human brain indicates that memory can be stored in this system for an entire life span. Interestingly, this information is not affixed to any physical structure, but is stored as an organization of the activity of the ion channels. Further analysis of two dimensional cellular automata also demonstrates that these systems have both associative and temporal memory capabilities. It is concluded that astrocytes may serve as a dynamic information sink for neurons. The memory in the astrocytes is stored by organizing the activity of ion channels and is not associated with a physical location such as a synapse. In order for this form of memory to be of significant duration it is necessary that the ion channels in the astrocyte syncytium be electrically in contact with each other. This function may be served by astrocyte gap junctions and suggests that agents that selectively block these gap junctions should disrupt memory.
Impaired hippocampal memory function and synaptic plasticity in experimental cortical dysplasia

Summary Purpose: Memory impairment is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy-associated malformations of cortical development. We studied spatial memory performance and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in an animal model of cortical dysplasia. Methods: Embryonic day 17 rats were exposed to 2.25 Gy external radiation. One-month-old rats were tested for spatial recognition memory. After behavioral testing, short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region was studied in an in vitro slice preparation. Key Findings: Behavioral assessments showed impaired hippocampal CA1-dependent spatial recognition memory in irradiated rats. Neurophysiologic assessments showed that baseline synaptic transmission was significantly enhanced, whereas paired-pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope at Schaffer collateral/commissural fiber-CA1 synapses were significantly reduced in the irradiated rats. Histologic observations showed dysplastic cortex and dispersed hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Significance: This study has shown that prenatally irradiated rats with cortical dysplasia exhibit a severe impairment of spatial recognition memory accompanied by disrupted short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity and may help to guide development of potential therapeutic interventions for this important problem.
Tracing Oxygen's Imprint on Earth's Metabolic Evolution

As oxygen built up in Earth9s atmosphere during the Precambrian, organisms evolved more complex biochemical networks. This expansion made feasible oxygen dependent metabolisms that coopted parts of preexisting anaerobic ones.
Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Man

The complement-fixing test was used to measure antibodies against CMV in the general population very soon after human cytomegalovirus was isolated in cell culture. Rowe et al. (1956) prepared CF antigen by sonic inactivation of cell culture fluids infected with their AD 169 strain and used it to measure antibodies of inhabitants of the Washington, D.C., area. The results are shown in Table 6.1. It was soon evident that infection by this virus is common in the general population.
Stochastic search in structural optimization - Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing

An account is given of illustrative applications of genetic algorithms and simulated annealing methods in structural optimization. The advantages of such stochastic search methods over traditional mathematical programming strategies are emphasized; it is noted that these methods offer a significantly higher probability of locating the global optimum in a multimodal design space. Both genetic-search and simulated annealing can be effectively used in problems with a mix of continuous, discrete, and integer design variables.
Phorbol esters, protein kinase C, and thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in brown adipocytes

Protein kinase C activity has been identified in the rat brown adipocyte. About 60% of this activity is found in the cytosolic fraction under basal conditions, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) causes a rapid shift from the cytosol to the particulate fraction. Norepinephrine and phenylephrine cause a similar redistribution that can be blocked by prazosin but not by alprenolol. alpha 1-Adrenergic agonists cause three- to fivefold stimulation of type 2 iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in brown adipocytes. TPA has no effect on basal deiodinase activity and reduces the response of the enzyme to alpha 1-adrenergic agonists. These results suggest that the translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to particulate fraction is not sufficient to increase deiodinase activity but can modulate the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist-mediated responses in these cells.
Minority immigrants in the United States: earnings attributes and economic success.

In this paper data from the 1980 census of the population of the United States are used to explore variances in earnings attainment among male immigrants from Jamaica Mexico and China. The results indicate that even though the earnings attainment process differs by nativity the earnings variances between the immigrant groups can be explained to a large extent by endowment differences. Standardization methodology is used to show that once these earnings-related attributes are controlled earnings differences between these groups generally disappear suggesting that any existing hierarchy is more a function of endowments than it is rewards for these endowments. (SUMMARY IN FRE) (EXCERPT)
Movies of the Glass Transition

The phenomenology of glass formation has been known for decades, but important questions regarding the heterogeneity and cooperativity of molecular dynamics in glasses have remained inaccessible to experiments. Weeks et al . (page 627) and Kegel and van Blaaderen (14 January 2000, page 290) have performed imaging studies of a model glass-forming system consisting of colloidal spheres suspended in a solvent. The unprecedented detail of these data may help to resolve the primary issue regarding the glass transition, namely the cause of the slow dynamics.
A system for 3D CAD-based inspection using range images

Abstract An automated visual inspection system is presented for the detection of defects in range images of castings. The system uses computer-aided design (CAD) model information in several stages, including surface classification and inspection. Inspection techniques are presented for the detection of common casting defects and for the inspection of dimensional tolerances and manufacturing features. The inspection algorithms are applicable to the class of objects that contain planar and/or quadric surfaces, rather than being specialized to the visual inspection of a single object. The methods have been applied to a large number of real range images of iron castings that have real defects. The inspection system correctly classifies over 90% of the casting images.
Computer Technology, Large-Scale Social Integration, and the Local Community:

Computers and new communications technologies are widely expected to contribute to "decentralization" of society. While they may contribute to population deconcentration, however, they offer major increases in capacity for centralized control and coordination of social action. Computerization facilitates further development of large-scale bureaucratic organizations and, thus, at least potential economic and political centralization. The existence of such large-scale forms of social integration is not incompatible with face-to-face community life, as some dystopian visions have presumed. The issue is one of balance between indirect (organizationally and technologically mediated) relationships and direct primary and secondary ones. Renewed attention to variations in pattern and extent of social integration is needed as a complement to attempts to describe demographic and economic-functional changes in urban life. This calls for a conceptual framework that elucidates the roles of both direct and indirect rel...
Designing and redesigning: Marquette Libraries' Web site

Examines the processes involved in creating a library/related Web site. Attempts to identify answers to the following questions: how a library should attempt to design or redesign a home page, why sites are needed, what content is required, how it is organized, what look is required, how is it evaluated and who is going to do the work? States future priority as being promotional.
Xanthogranuloma of the iris simulating melanoma in an adult.

Purpose To report a case in an adult of xanthogranuloma of the iris that clinically simulated iris melanoma. Design Observational case report. Methods Clinical and histopathologic examination of iris mass obtained from a 77-year-old white woman. Results High-frequency ultrasonography of the right eye revealed a small, echodense lesion involving the iris root. The mass revealed histopathologic features identical to juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), including histiocytes and lymphocytes mixed with multinucleated giant cells, and eosinophilic leukocytes. The histiocytes stained positive for CD68, CD45, and factor XIIIa and negative for S-100 and CD1a. Conclusions Xanthogranuloma of the iris can occur in elderly patients. Such lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of iris melanoma.
A Case of Green Blood

An 86-year-old woman underwent hysterectomy for endometrial adenocarcinoma. A blood sample for routine laboratory testing was drawn into a lithium heparin tube 1.5 h after surgery. After centrifugation, the plasma sample appeared green in color (Fig. 1). The patient had no specific diet or medications that might have accounted …
THE COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOR OF MAMMALIAN EGGS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO : I. THE ACTIVATION OF OVARIAN EGGS.

1. A definite chronological sequence of events occurs in the eggs and follicles of rabbits after mating or after the injection of ovulation-inducing substances. The follicle secretes secondary liquor folliculi, and there occurs a separation of the corona radiata from strands connecting it to the follicle cells. The ovum goes through nuclear maturation with as climax the production of the first polar body by the 8th hour after copulation. 2. Thyroxin injections cause indirectly the same effects as mating or pituitary injections but no ovulation occurs. The thyroxin effect occurs later than the pituitary effect and is due to an initiation of atresia in the follicles. 3. Explantation of ova results in typical maturation phenomena which are apparently unaffected by the presence of pituitary hormones or of thyroxin in the culture medium. 4. It is concluded that maturation of the ovum can be obtained simply by isolating it from the normal follicular environment. 5. Normal fertilization can be secured with eggs removed from the follicles.
Effect of polymer concentration on partitioning and molecular recognition in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride).

Mixtures of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with plasticizers have been used in ion-selective electrodes for many years. The same material has proven useful in solid-phase microextraction (SPME), both with and without artificial receptors. We hypothesized that by changing the polymer concentration in plasticized PVC membranes containing artificial receptor from the standard 33 wt %, the selectivity of the extraction of barbiturates over similar molecules could be improved. Partition coefficients and receptor−substrate formation constants of a target species, phenobarbital, in membranes with various polymer concentrations were determined. Diffusion coefficients of the solute phenobarbital in receptor-free membranes were also determined. Kamlet−Taft solvatochromic properties β and π* were measured for the PVC/dioctyl sebacate materials. Cohesive energy densities were calculated for the same materials. Partition coefficients for phenobarbital (from aqueous solution to membrane) decrease as [PVC] increases, while ...
Interrelationships among bone densitometry sites in normal young women.

Abstract Interrelations among skeletal sites were examined in a population of up to 300 normal young white women aged 20–40 years. Measurements were done on the radius shaft, ultradistal radius, and ultradistal ulna using single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and on the lumbar spine, proximal humerus, and proximal femur using dual-photon-absorptiometry (DPA). Because of the narrow range of intrapopulation variance in these normal young women, the intercorrelations among skeletal sites were not very high; the average correlation ( r ) was 0.43 for bone mineral content (BMC) and 0.45 for bone mineral density (BMD). The results at any one site predicted values at other sites with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of approximately 11% for BMD and 17% for BMC. Even in this relatively homogeneous sample, measurements at a single skeletal site could not be extrapolated to indicate skeletal status at other sites. BMC. and to a lesser extent BMD, were influenced by body size much as has been observed in both men and postmenopausal women. Bone results are preferably expressed as BMD, because (a) intrapopulation variability is lower (10% versus 15% for the lumbar spine), (b) intercorrelations among skeletal sites, and even among adjacent vertebrae, are higher for BMD, and (c) the influence of body size on BMD is lower (the average r for weight and BMD was 0.26 versus 0,33 for BMC).
Radiosynthesis of a selective dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist: R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-[11C]methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3 -benzazepine ([11C]SCH 23390).

Abstract Carbon-11 labeled SCH 23390, a selective dopamine D-1 receptor antagonist (Fig. 1b), was prepared by N-alkylation of the nor-methyl precursor with [11C]iodomethane. The product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC and shown to be radiochemically pure at the end of synthesis. The synthesis was completed in approximately 22 min with an average radiochemical yield of 28% (based on [11C]iodomethane) and an average specific activity of approximately 1950 mCi/μmol calculated at the end of synthesis.
Integral equations for viscous hypersonic nozzle flow

The equations shown were programmed for the IBM 704 computer, and the fin efficiency for various values of Rp, r x, and r was calculated The results of the computations are shown in Fig 2 It is worth noting that although Fig 2 is based on a radius Rp of 5 in , it is applicable to any radius Rp in view of the following fact: if [(r x)i/(Rp)i] = [(r x)2/(RP)2] (where the subscripts 1 and 2 refer to different finned surfaces) and [(r *)i/(r c )i] = [(rcx)2/(rc )2], then
Test-retest reliability of the Hand Test with institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

The Hand Test was administered to 60 institutionalized mentally retarded adults (36 men and 24 women) ranging in age from 19 to 69 yr. who resided in a residential facility. Six weeks later the sub...
A Non-Parametric Approach to Model Evaluation

All existing tests and criteria for model evaluation are based on the sum of squared residuals. These measures do not evaluate the performance of a model in predicting turning points in the variable of interest. Here, three tests are proposed to evaluate models on the basis of their ability to predict turning points and to give an unbiased prediction of the relative order of magnitude of changes. Five models are evaluated using the proposed tests. Results indicate that the tests expose facets of models that R2 and sum of squared residuals are unable to highlight. Hence, the tests are suggested to complement existing model evaluation techniques.
Health-promoting environments in U.S. medical facilities: physician perceptions, DocStyles 2012

Abstract Objective Medical facilities are natural leaders for health promotion because of their mission, influence, and reach. We sought to determine the frequency of physicians reporting supportive, health-promoting environments in their facility and identify characteristics of physicians and medical practices associated with support. Methods We analyzed a sample of 1485 U.S. primary care physicians in DocStyles 2012 survey. Physicians rated their facility's support for healthy nutrition, physical activity, and lactation environments. Frequencies and adjusted odds ratios for supportive environments (rated “Good” or “Very Good”) were assessed by select characteristics. Results The frequency of physicians reporting supportive environments was 70.0% for nutrition, 60.0% for physical activity, 76.0% for lactation, and 40.4% for all 3 environments combined. Supportive nutrition [odds ratio: 2.91 (1.49–5.66)] and physical activity [2.13 (1.19–3.83)] environments were associated with physicians seeing upper middle class to affluent patients versus poor patients. Supportive lactation environments were associated with pediatricians [3.35 (2.14–5.25)] and obstetricians/gynecologists [3.39 (2.15–5.33)] versus internists. Conclusions Less than half of physicians reported their facility supportive of all these environments, suggesting there are many missed opportunities for U.S. medical facilities to promote wellness. Facilities serving poor patients and those staffed by internists and family/general practitioners may represent one area of need.
Diffractive optical element design with memory-matrix-based identification methodology.

We present a new technique for the design of diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) that is based on previous nonlinear least squares (NLS) and phase-shifting quantization methods [Appl. Opt.36, 7297–7306 (1997)]. The technique uses a memory-matrix-based identification (MMBI) optimization procedure. We compare results from the MMBI method with those from iterative Fourier transform and NLS methods. In comparison, the MMBI DOE designs produce better-quality reconstructions for DOE’s with eight or more fabrication phase levels and generally have a higher signal-to-noise ratio and better uniformity.
The medical home: the debate over who is qualified to drive the bus.

In the 1960s, there was a growing shortage of physicians especially in the specialty areas of pediatrics and family practice. This shortage of health care providers was the motivation and inspiration of the nurse practitioner (NP) movement with the creation of the first official NP program starting in 1965 at the University of Colorado by Loretta Ford, RN, and Henry Silver, MD. Around the same time, the conception of the medical home model was also taking place. In 1967, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Council on Pediatric Practice initially defined the medical home as a centralized source of a child’smedical records, emphasizing its use in children with chronic conditions or special care needs (Sia, Tonniges, Osterhus, & Taba, 2004).