cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Type of Failure of Thermal Battery Resulting in a Near Miss to a Serious Injury

On 6/26/2015 at 1445 in 894/136, a thermal battery (approximately the size of a commercial size C cell) experienced an unexpected failure following a routine test where the battery is activated. The failure occurred while a test operator was transferring the battery from the testing primary containment box to another containment box within the same room; initial indications are that the battery package ruptured after it went into thermal runaway which led to the operator receiving bruising to the palm of the hand from the pressure of the expulsion. The operator was wearing the prescribed PPE, which was safety glasses and a high temperature glove on the hand that was holding the battery.
Failure of environmental lighting to influence dental caries rate.

SummaryTwo experiments involving lit-termate cotton rats were conducted to determine the effect of cool-white fluorescent versus artificial sunlight environments on caries incidence. There were no significant differences in either the incidence or extent of caries associated with the different types of lighting. This contradicts our previous observations (1) with this species using identical experimentation and calls for a retraction. It is suggested that the difference is due primarily to the application of an inappropriate statistical approach in the earlier work.
Quantum control of ultracold AMO systems by nanomechanical resonators

Laser-cooled nanomechanical oscillators are promising new tools to manipulate and control ultracold atomic and molecular samples. As an illustration, we show how they can be exploited to entangle and squeeze a lattice of dipolar molecules.
Complications of the third stage of labor.

This paper includes management of the third stage of labor which should end with a critical period one hour after the delivery of the placenta. Placental delivery should exclude a radical, forcible and manual expression as a general policy, except in hemorrhage, and should be replaced by watchful waiting. Complications discussed are: postpartum hemorrhage, bleeding from cervical and vaginal lacerations, retained placental remnants, retention of placenta or retained placenta, placenta accreta, inversion of the uterus and retraction ring.
A method to visualize 3-dimensional anatomic changes in the cervix during pregnancy: a preliminary observational study.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to visualize 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic changes in the cervix and lower uterine segment during the antepartum period. Methods. An observational study of patients with both uncomplicated and complicated pregnancies was performed. To visualize 3D anatomic changes, solid models were constructed from 3D sonographic data. Model construction followed a 3-step protocol. First, 3D transvaginal sonographic data of the cervix and lower uterine segment were obtained. Second, sonographic data were exported to a medical image-processing program, which was used to align 3D sonographic data obtained from a single patient at different time points. Last, sonographic data were used to guide construction of solid models using mechanical design software. Anatomic changes were visualized by comparing solid models constructed from sonographic data obtained at different time points. Results. From 16 patients who consented, 5 patients were selected for this study Two to 4 models were derived from each of the 5 patients at 15 to 38 weeks' gestation. To show anatomic changes in the cervix and lower uterine segment, solid models from different time points in the same patient were superimposed. A total of 16 solid models were constructed. In addition, 3D changes associated with second-trimester cervical failure and successful therapeutic cerclage were shown. Conclusions. A method to visualize 3D cervical changes is presented, revealing complex anatomic changes in the lower uterine segment, cervical stroma, and cervical mucosa as pregnancy progresses.
Discussion of the Significance on Reducing the Capacity of Electromagnetic Current Transformers

Under the condition of widespread adoption of digital measuring instruments,the secondary winding loads of electromagnetic current transformers(ECTs)are decreased significantly in power system,but the design and manufacture standard of the ECTs has not been changed so far.Of which the rated capacity is much more than the practical loads.This paper discusses the influence of decreased secondary winding loads on designing of the ECTs,figures out the decrease of manufacturing raw materials and cost after the change of design parameter,and then puts forward the significance of reducing the capacity of the ECTs.
Orthostatic Hypotension and Near-Total Cervical Artery Atherosclerotic Occlusion - A Case Report (P5.123)

Objective: To describe an unusual cause, clinical management, and outcome of recurrent syncope in a patient with autonomic failure and near-total cervical artery atherosclerotic occlusion. Background: A 67-year-old woman with longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and tobacco dependence presented for evaluation of a 6 month history of recurrent orthostatic loss of consciousness of increasing frequency. Autonomic testing revealed cardiovagal and cardiovascular adrenergic failure consistent with diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Unusual findings on specialized autonomic testing included convulsive syncope 12 seconds into a Valsalva maneuver associated with diffuse EEG slowing followed by suppression. Head-up tilt resulted in orthostatic hypotension (supine blood pressure: 194/58mmHg, lowest orthostatic blood pressure: 120/58mmHg at 3 minutes). The tilt study was aborted at that time due to pre-syncope, myoclonic jerks, and diffuse EEG slowing. Conventional cerebral angiography revealed total atherosclerotic occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries, left vertebral artery hypoplasia (ending in left PICA), and 40[percnt] right vertebral artery stenosis. Results: The etiology of syncopal episodes was attributed to a combination of cervical atherosclerotic occlusions and orthostatic hypotension. Aggressive conservative management of orthostatic hypotension resulted only in partial improvement. The patient underwent uncomplicated right-sided superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. Magnetic resonance angiography 3 months following surgery showed a mature and patent vessel graft. Repeat autonomic testing revealed tolerance to Valsalva maneuver and head-up tilt in spite of similar blood pressure changes. Syncopal episodes had resolved. Conclusions: A unique presentation of recurrent syncope secondary to near-total cervical artery atherosclerotic occlusion and severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy was successfully managed with a combination of blood pressure augmentation and neurosurgical bypass grafting. Syncope during Valsalva maneuver and orthostatic presyncope with a blood pressure well above the expected lower limit of the autoregulatory range should be considered red flags for superimposed cerebrovascular disease in high-risk patients with autonomic failure. Disclosure: Dr. Chou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scharf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has received personal compensation for activities with Lundbeck as a consultant.
‘Bowden’ and ‘Amoore Sweet’ Nectarines

‘Bowden’ and ‘Amoore Sweet’ are the fourth and fifth nectarines released from the University of Arkansas peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding program. Prior nectarine releases include ‘Arrington’, ‘Bradley’, and ‘Westbrook’ released in 2000 (Clark et al., 2001). The program began in the 1960s (Clark et al., 1999) and included an objective to develop adapted nectarines and fresh-market peach cultivars for on-farm, local, and shipping sales. These new releases broaden grower choices for nectarines in Arkansas and for producers in similar climates. ‘Bowden’ is the program’s first whitefleshed nectarine release. It has very firm, non-melting flesh, excellent white nectarine flavor with standard acidity, and ripens just after ‘Bradley’. ‘Amoore Sweet’ is the first nectarine released from the program with low acid flavor and non-melting flesh. It has yellow flesh and ripens after ‘Bradley’. These cultivars have very good resistance to bacterial spot [caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Smith, 1903; Vauterin et al., 1995)] and should provide high-quality options for growers in areas where bacterial spot disease is a concern. These cultivars also expand options for growers in the midto upper-southern United States and other areas of the world with similar climatic conditions.
Sustained expression of FMR1 mRNA from reactivated fragile X syndrome alleles after treatment with small molecules that prevent trimethylation of H3K27

Expansion of a CGG-repeat tract in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene to >200 repeats results in epigenetic silencing of the gene by a mechanism that is still unknown. FMR1 gene silencing results in fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability. We have previously shown that reactivation of the FMR1 gene in FXS cells with 5-azadeoxycytidine (AZA) leads to the transient recruitment of EZH2, the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) component responsible for H3K27 trimethylation, and that this recruitment depends on the presence of the FMR1 transcript. However, whether H3K27 trimethylation was essential for FMR1 re-silencing was not known. We show here that EZH2 inhibitors increased FMR1 expression and significantly delayed re-silencing of the FMR1 gene in AZA-treated FXS cells. This delay occurred despite the fact that EZH2 inhibition did not prevent the return of DNA methylation. Treatment with compound 1a, a small molecule that targets CGG-repeats in the FMR1 mRNA, also resulted in sustained expression of the FMR1 gene in AZA-treated cells. This effect of 1a was also associated with a decrease in the levels of H3K27 trimethylation but not DNA methylation. Thus, our data show that EZH2 plays a critical role in the FMR1 gene silencing process and that its inhibition can prolong expression of the FMR1 gene even in the presence of its transcript.
Integration of leadership competencies in a community health simulation.

Aim: The purpose of this article is to address ways in which a nursing faculty can build nursing leadership competencies into a nursing programme. This article describes the use of simulation as a compelling learning strategy. Background: Nurses need to be prepared to meet the demands of mass casualty events. With the growing need for major incident training, leadership competency development is a critical gap in the literature. Evaluation: A collaborative simulation was used to help students apply classroom knowledge. In this simulation, students participated in major incident triage and the application of leadership competencies to appropriately manage victims' care. Conclusion: Collaboration among faculty members when designing simulation scenarios is a powerful approach to nursing education. Students were able to engage in necessary skills for their future nursing practice.
Mancos shale and plant community relationships: Analysis of shale, soil, and vegetation transects

Analyses of an extensive collection of Mancos shale and derived soils from the western United States showed pH values from 3.4 to 9.4, sulfate concentrations high and widely distributed, and soil solution equilibria of gypsum and sodium-dominated smectite important to soil salinity. In situ soils show little change in pH, conductivity, sulfate, GSI (gypsum saturation index), or sodium values with respect to the shales from which they were derived. On slopes, vegetative sequences from big sagebrush or blackbrush to shadscale to mat saltbush to greasewood are related to increases of sulfate. Galleta grass is also restricted by high sulfate values. The blackbush to shadscale transition is related to sodium increase. Mat saltbush was found in soils with 17,685 ppm sodium (saturated soil solution) and 4350 ppm sulfate (1:5 extract).
Automatic generation of efficient accelerators for reconfigurable hardware

Acceleration in the form of customized datapaths offer large performance and energy improvements over general purpose processors. Reconfigurable fabrics such as FPGAs are gaining popularity for use in implementing application-specific accelerators, thereby increasing the importance of having good high-level FPGA design tools. However, current tools for targeting FPGAs offer inadequate support for high-level programming, resource estimation, and rapid and automatic design space exploration.We describe a design framework that addresses these challenges. We introduce a new representation of hardware using parameterized templates that captures locality and parallelism information at multiple levels of nesting. This representation is designed to be automatically generated from high-level languages based on parallel patterns. We describe a hybrid area estimation technique which uses template-level models and design-level artificial neural networks to account for effects from hardware place-and-route tools, including routing overheads, register and block RAM duplication, and LUT packing. Our runtime estimation accounts for off-chip memory accesses. We use our estimation capabilities to rapidly explore a large space of designs across tile sizes, parallelization factors, and optional coarse-grained pipelining, all at multiple loop levels. We show that estimates average 4.8% error for logic resources, 6.1% error for runtimes, and are 279 to 6533 times faster than a commercial high-level synthesis tool. We compare the best-performing designs to optimized CPU code running on a server-grade 6 core processor and show speedups of up to 16.7×.
Focal Neurologic Deficits with Hypoglycemia

Clinical manifestations and outcome of transient focal neurologic deficits (TFND) associated with hypoglycemia were evaluated in 44 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus observed retrospectively during a 5 year period at the University of Trieste, Italy.
Loosening the ties that bind: the hidden harms of civil gang injunctions in San Diego County

AbstractCivil gang injunctions (CGIs) are court-ordered restraining orders that are being utilized in the name of controlling the daily routine of alleged gang members, reducing crime, and eliminating ‘public nuisances’ in working-class neighborhoods of color. In this study, we draw upon interviews and court observations conducted between 2009 and 2014 in San Diego County to examine the perceptions of a subset of those who have been listed on CGIs or other gang suppression methods, and those who work closely with them, about their individual and collective impacts. We find that the men and women in our study experience several hidden harms of gang enforcement measures that damage their ability to connect with others in the community, including their own family members and friends; and reduce their ability to pursue opportunities related to education, housing, and employment. We demonstrate that the loss of these bonds to community and opportunities, leads to perceptions of injustice and, in some instances...
Up-regulation of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemodynamics by transcranial infrared laser stimulation: A broadband near-infrared spectroscopy study

Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a noninvasive form of brain photobiomulation. Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, is hyp...
Fluorescence polarization of helium negative-ion resonances excited by polarized electron impact

We have investigated helium (1s3d) 3D → (1s2p) 3P (588 nm) fluorescence produced by electron impact excitation in the vicinity of the (2s22p) 2P and (2s2p2) 2D negative-ion resonances at 57.2 and 58.3 eV, respectively. In contrast to previous work, we use spin-polarized incident electrons and report the relative Stokes parameters P1, P2 and P3 in the 55–60 eV region. Our failure to see discernable resonance effects in P2 indicates that even though the lifetime of these resonances is significant (~10 fs), magnetic forces acting on the temporarily captured electron are small. Resonant structures in the values of P1 and P3 are observed because the polarization contributions of resonant states are generally different than those from direct excitation of the 3 3D state.
Developing Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Online Technical Communication Programs: Emerging Frameworks at University of Texas at El Paso

ABSTRACTThis article addresses emerging calls for online education and cross-cultural technical communication training, specifically by outlining and reporting on the development and sustainability of two online programs: the graduate online technical and professional writing certificate and the emerging undergraduate bilingual professional writing certificate at the University of Texas at El Paso. Data presented suggest cultural and linguistic diversity should be embedded and streamlined across all aspects of online technical communication programs.
Strain-Specific Virulence Differences in Listeria monocytogenes : Current Perspectives in Addressing an Old and Vexing Issue

The query of whether all strains of Listeria monocytogenes should be considered to be human pathogens and of equal public health relevance has long attracted keen interest and generated debates among public health professionals, regulatory agencies, the food industry, and scientists investigating virulence and pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. Animal models have often given contradictory and ambiguous results and have frequently lacked sufficient biological relevance, further aggravating the controversy. Different regulatory bodies have instituted regulations varying in threshold (e.g. “zero” tolerance in ready-to-eat foods vs. a certain number of CFUs) permissible in a sample of a certain size, depending on the nature of the sample and the extent to which it is permissive of L. monocytogenes growth. The issue has remained unsettled. However, recent breakthroughs in L. monocytogenesgenotypic assessments and integration of whole genome sequence data with human susceptibility and disease outcome metrics are beginning to provide substantial evidence for differences in virulence among L. monocytogenes strains. Increasing evidence supports the disproportionately high contribution of a relatively small number of “hypervirulent clones” to human listeriosis.
Concentrated HCl Catalyzed 5-(Chloromethyl)furfural Production from Corn Stover of Varying Particle Sizes

5-(Chloromethyl) Furfural (CMF) is a potential chemical building block for replacing petroleum-derived chemicals derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this study, hand harvested corn stover and mechanically forage chopped corn stover was processed in a 1 L hydrolysis reactor to produce CMF in a biphasic, two solvent system. Both 1,2 dichloroethane (DCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) were tested as organic solvents. The results showed that DCE performed better than DCM due to temperature and pressure limitations of the reactor system. Using DCE as the extracting solvent, the effects of solids loading, particle size, and moisture content of the corn stover on the hydrolysis efficiency were determined. One liter acid hydrolysis reactor provides consistent and reproducible yields of 63% CMF from hand harvested corn stover as feedstock at solid loading of 10% wt/v, 100C for 1 h. For the forage chopped corn stover, increasing particle size brings an increase in the feedstock sugar content. Foraged chopped corn stover (FCCS) particle sizes larger than 19 mm (0.75 in.) results in significant reduction in CMF yield from 43 to 35%.
Die mathematische Landschaft

Die Mathematik ist die Wissenschaft von Quantitat und Raum Diese etwas naive Definition vermittelt einen ersten Eindruck und entspricht dem, was von einem Worterbuch zu erwarten ist. Weitet man sie ein wenig aus, so kann man auserdem sagen, das Mathematik auch mit der symbolischen Darstellung von Quantitat und Raum zu tun hat. Diese Definition hat zweifellos eine historische Grundlage und wird uns als Ausgangspunkt unserer Betrachtungen dienen; es ist jedoch eine der Absichten dieses Buches, sie so zu modifizieren und zu erweitern, das sie der Entwicklung der Mathematik im Laufe der letzten Jahrhunderte gerecht wird und die Vorstellungen der verschiedenen Mathematikerschulen uber das, was den Inhalt ihrer Wissenschaft ausmacht, wiedergibt.
The impact of placement strategies on the success of students in introductory computer science

Studies have shown that novice programmers face unnecessary obstacles when they are enrolled in an introductory course alongside students with previous programming experience. Thus a recommended best practice is to have separate courses or separate sections for novice and experienced students in introductory programming courses. At Michigan Tech we have two starting points for our introductory sequence with one aimed at novice programmers and a second aimed at students with some programming experience. We, therefore, assumed that the curriculum was in alignment with this best practice. A survey of our incoming students indicated that students were not enrolling in the courses consistent with our expectations. By changing the timing and means of offering an assessment to determine student placement in the introductory sequence, we were able to substantially impact the make-up of our introductory courses. The change did have the desired positive impact on students in the course for novice programmers. In this paper, we will also discuss some of the other issues we uncovered with this change.
A new hope for KRAS mutant cancers

c-RAF ablation in KRAS mutant lung tumors is highly efficacious, supporting the development of selective c-RAF inhibitors for clinical use.
Challenging Respectability: Student Health Directors Providing Services to Lesbian and Gay Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

BackgroundResearchers have tended to favor scholarship that looks at institutional forms of support for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender students in the context of resource centers specifica...
Integrating Cognitive and Behavioral Procedures for the Treatment of Socially Isolated Children

Social development in children remains a topic of interest to developmental psychologists, with a large literature devoted to understanding the ways in which adults influence and shape children’s social behavior, both prosocial and aggressive. In recent years, however, there has been increased recognition of the importance of peer interaction in the process of a child’s development (Hartup, 1979a; Lewis & Rosenblum, 1975). Experience with peers is seen as a necessary part of childhood socialization, providing an arena for sex-role learning, moral and cognitive development, mastery of aggressive impulses, and the achievement of general social competence (Hartup, 1976, 1979b). Similarly, much of the attention of mental health professionals concerned with childhood maladjustment has in the past focused on personality characteristics of the children, specific observable child behaviors, and relationships among the child’s family members. However, there is a growing body of research suggesting that poor peer relations are a powerful predictor of adult maladjustment (Cowen, Pederson, Babigian, Izzo, & Trost, 1973; Kohlberg, LaCrosse, & Ricks, 1972; Roff, 1961; Roff, Sells, & Golden, 1972).
Preoperative Biliary Drainage Is Associated with Increased Complications After Liver Resection for Proximal Cholangiocarcinoma

Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) prior to liver resection for hilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is common. While PBD for those with distal obstructions has been studied extensively and is associated with increased infectious complications, the impact of PBD among patients undergoing hepatectomy for non-disseminated proximal CCA has yet to be clearly elucidated. Patients undergoing liver resection between 2014 and 2016 for non-disseminated hilar and intrahepatic CCA were analyzed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Associations between PBD (percutaneous or endoscopic) and 30-day outcomes were evaluated. There were 905 liver resections performed, with 186 (20.6%) for hilar CCA and 719 (79.4%) for intrahepatic CCA. Of those, 251/897 (28.0%) patients underwent PBD. Independent preoperative predictors of PBD were hilar CCA, major hepatectomy, open surgery, lower BMI, and higher preoperative bilirubin. Adjusting for preoperative variables, extent of resection, and bilirubin, PBD was independently associated with increased wound infection (OR 2.93), organ space infection (OR 3.63), sepsis (OR 3.17), renal insufficiency (OR 4.25), transfusion (OR 2.40), bile leak (OR 3.23), invasive intervention (OR 2.72), liver failure (OR 3.20), readmission (OR 3.01), reoperation (OR 2.32), and mortality (OR 4.24, all p < 0.05). Among patients undergoing hepatectomy for proximal CCA, PBD is associated with increased postoperative complications. These data suggest that avoidance of routine preoperative biliary drainage may decrease short-term complications.
Toxocara canis infestation. Clinical and epidemiological associations with seropositivity in kindergarten children.

Abstract We studied a cohort of 333 children in kindergarten to determine the prevalence of seropositivity to Toxocara canis , and to detect and measure chronic health effects that might be attributable to past infection. We found that 23.1% of the children had serologic evidence of infection (antibody titer ≥ 1:32), assayed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Black children were more frequently infested than white children, as were children of parents who did not graduate from high school. In a subsample of seropositive and seronegative children, we found associations between seropositivity and both pica and puppy ownership; we did not find differences in the symptoms and signs that occur in toxocaral visceral larva migrans nor differences in measures of growth and nutrition. No child had ocular toxocariasis although 31.8% (106) of the children had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:16. In a population in which approximately 20 to 30% of the children show serologic evidence of Toxocara infestation, care must be taken in differentiating toxo-cariasis-like ophthalmic lesions, due to the potential for the coincidental occurrence of retinoblastoma in a child who is seropositive for the Toxocara parasite.
A random coefficients mixture hidden Markov model for marketing research

Abstract The hidden Markov model (HMM) provides a framework to model the time-varying effects of marketing mix variables. When employed in a panel data context, it is important to properly account for unobserved heterogeneity across individuals. We propose a new random coefficients mixture HMM (RCMHMM) that allows for flexible patterns of unobserved heterogeneity in both the state-dependent and transition parameters. The RCMHMM nests all HMMs found in the marketing literature. Results of two simulation studies demonstrate that 1) averaging across a large number of different data generating processes, the RCMHMM outperforms all its nested versions using both in-sample and out-of-sample performance and 2) the RCMHMM is more robust than its nested versions when underlying model assumptions are violated. In addition, we apply the RCMHMM to an empirical application where we examine the effectiveness of in-game promotions in increasing the short-term demand for Major League Baseball (MLB) attendance. We find that the effectiveness of four promotional categories varies over the course of the season and across teams and that the RCMHMM performs best.
Reflections from the Field: Reduce Age Stereotyping through Experiential Learning: An Intergenerational Pen Pal Project

Misconceptions about the aging process and the negative stereotypes associated with older adults can impede positive social interactions and discourage meaningful conversations between younger and ...
Misperceived Positions of Interlaced Fingers.

Interlacing one’s fingers can cause misperception of finger positions. Observer’s (O’s) fingers were interlaced in six different ways and experimenter (E) tapped two adjacent fingers in quick succe...
I May Not Agree With You, but I Trust You: Caring About Social Issues Signals Integrity (WITHDRAWN)

What characteristics of an individual signal trustworthiness to others? I propose that individuals who care about contentious social issues signal to observers that they have integrity and thus can...
A Survey on Mathematical Modeling of Muscle Using for Rehabilitation Systems

Nowadays one important subject considered in the rehabilitation of patients with spasticity is the mathematical modelling of the muscles behavior under injuries and helping in the planning of personalized treatments. With this work it was possible to identify that it is necessary to develop musculoskeletal models focused on the study of patients with spasticity, since there is a difference between the models for the exclusive analysis of healthy patients and those with some type of limitation. It is also identified the importance of the use of parameter estimation in vivo, since the muscle of a cadaver can undergo modifications and degradation. In addition, authors present the integration of robots and humans to contribute to a targeted physiotherapy focused on the limitations of each patient, guaranteeing greater strength and torque in the movements. We introduce and explain the importance of this typo of study in section one and in the second section was developed a literature review to investigate what was the principal lines of research and considerations about musculoskeletal models, doing a classification about the relevance for the material to our job with focus in pacients who have spaticity, because some studies focused only in a model for health people. In the third section was analised the models more useds, the importance of utilization the parameters in vivo, the use of a model who is developed to pacients with spasticity. Doing this, we choose the Giat Model develped in the work of [26] para o trabalho a ser desenvolvido. In the section four we presentate the use of Eletromiography (EMG) and the procedures developed for the tests. Finaly in the section five we presentate the softwares who is using in this type of project and the beneficits of these.
Chemical Equivalent of Arene Monooxygenases: Dearomative Synthesis of Arene Oxides and Oxepines.

Direct epoxidation of aromatic nuclei by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases is one of the major metabolic pathways of arenes in eukaryotes. The resulting arene oxides serve as versatile precursors to p...
CHAPTER SEVEN – Reproductive Aging

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the aging of the reproductive system by comparing the two sexes. It also discusses the patterns and the consequences of endocrine changes at menopause and andropause, and looks at the pros and cons of therapeutically replacing the lost reproductive hormones in older adults. Menopause occurs as menstrual cycles cease when a woman reaches 45–55 years of age. The ovarian function declines at this time, resulting in a syndrome of physical and possibly neurological changes. Menopause is preceded by peri-menopause, a stage of gradual loss of ovarian function, which lasts for about four years. The symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, sleep disturbances, weight gain, and loss of bone mineralization. The other changes in female physiology during this time may be caused by the menopause or by the aging process. Estrogen replacement therapy relieves the symptoms of menopause but may increase the risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer as well as cardiovascular disease. The testes of older men may decline in function and the resultant hormonal changes can influence some men physiologically and psychologically, a process called andropause.
Seated row and biceps curl exercises present similar acute responses on muscle thickness, arm circumference, and peak force for elbow flexors after a resistance training session in recreationally-trained subjects.

BACKGROUND The primary purpose of this study was to measure the acute effects on muscle thickness, arm circumference, and peak force between unilateral seated row and unilateral biceps curl exercises for elbow flexors after a RT session in recreationally-trained subjects. METHODS Fourteen resistance-trained men (25.3±2.5years, 76.5±6.4kg, 174.6±7cm) performed 6 sets of 10RM and 2-min rest for one of two exercises (unilateral seated row exercise, USR or unilateral biceps curl, UBC). Muscle thickness (MT), arm circumference (AC), and peak force (PF) were measured before 10-min (control), pre-RT session and post-RT (immediately after, 15-min and 30-min). All acute RT variables were measured during both exercises: maximal number of repetitions (MNR), total number of repetitions (TNR), time under tension (TUT), rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Two-way ANOVAs were used to test differences between exercises and moments with an alpha of 5%. RESULTS For PF, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-0 for UBC and USR (P<0.001). For AC, there were significant differences between pretest × post-0-min for both exercises (P<0.001). For MT, there were significant differences between pretest × post 0-min (P<0.001), pretest × post 15-min (P<0.001) for both exercises and pretest × post 30-min only for UBC (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Both exercises induced similar increases in AC and MT for elbow flexors and reduction in peak force.
Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics.

Suppose for the sake of argument that wide access to electronic cigarettes would help a great many smokers quit and others avoid smoking, with a dramatic cumulative effect on population health. But suppose also that nowadays, teenagers rarely benefit from that effect, because most do not smoke and are not expected to smoke as adults. Many teenagers do vape. When the net effect of vaping on general public health is expected to remain very positive, should we nevertheless fight vaping, so as to protect teenagers from the direct risks of vaping? For example, what to do if and when certain targeted regulations that would protect teenagers would also, by making it harder to vape, substantially increase smoking in the general population? This situation may be common, and, by pitting the health interests of the general population against those of teenagers, poses an ethical dilemma. This article argues philosophically that if such tradeoffs between the health interests of adolescents and those of the general population exist, morally it is both permissible and preferable to promote the health of the general population. IMPLICATIONS In the debate about electronic-cigarette based tobacco harm reduction, some disagreements are factual, for example, disagreements about how harmful vaping is to human lungs, and how much the option of vaping helps smokers quit. However, there is also an ethical debate: if tradeoffs between the health interests of adolescents at risk of vaping and those of the general population (driven by those of smokers) exist, who should be prioritized? This article argues that morally it is sometimes, at least, both permissible and preferable to promote the health of the general population over those of adolescents at risk of vaping.
Genes causing congenital hydrocephalus: Their chromosomal characteristics of telomere proximity and DNA compositions.

Abstract Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is caused by genetic mutations, but whether factors impacting human genetic mutations are disease-specific remains elusive. Given two factors associated with high mutation rates, we reviewed how many disease-susceptible genes match with (i) proximity to telomeres or (ii) high adenine and thymine (A + T) content in human CH as compared to other disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). We extracted genomic information using a genome data viewer. Importantly, 98 of 108 genes causing CH satisfied (i) or (ii), resulting in >90% matching rate. However, such a high accordance no longer sustained as we checked two factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or familial Parkinson's disease (fPD), resulting in 84% and 59% matching, respectively. A disease-specific matching of telomere proximity or high A + T content predicts causative genes of CH much better than neurodegenerative diseases and other CNS conditions, likely due to sufficient number of known causative genes (n = 108) and precise determination and classification of the genotype and phenotype. Our analysis suggests a need for identifying genetic basis of both factors before human clinical studies, to prioritize putative genes found in preclinical models into the likely (meeting at least one) and more likely candidate (meeting both), which predisposes human genes to mutations.
Extracellular 2’3’-cGAMP is an immunotransmitter produced by cancer cells and regulated by ENPP1

Abstract 2’3’-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is characterized as an intracellular second messenger that is synthesized in response to cytosolic dsDNA and activates the innate immune STING pathway. Our previous discovery of its extracellular hydrolase ENPP1 hinted at the existence of extracellular cGAMP. Here, using mass spectrometry, we detected that cGAMP is continuously exported as a soluble factor by an engineered cell line but then efficiently cleared by ENPP1, explaining why it has escaped detection until now. By developing potent, specific, and cell impermeable ENPP1 inhibitors, we detected that cancer cells continuously export cGAMP in culture at steady state and at higher levels when treated with ionizing radiation (IR). In tumors, depletion of extracellular cGAMP using a neutralizing protein decreased tumor-associated immune cell infiltration in a tumor cGAS and host STING dependent manner. Depletion of extracellular cGAMP also abolished the curative effect of IR. Boosting extracellular cGAMP by ENPP1 inhibitors synergizes with IR to shrink tumors in mice. In conclusion, extracellular cGAMP is an anti-cancer immunotransmitter that could be stimulated and harnessed to treat less immunogenic cancers.
Characteristics and distribution of obesity in the Arab-American population of southeastern Michigan.

Arab-Americans constitute ~ 5% of Michigan’s population. Estimates of obesity in Arab-Americans are not up-to-date. We aim to describe the distribution of and factors associated with obesity in an Arab-American population in Southeastern Michigan (SE MI). Retrospective medical record review identified n = 2363 Arab-American patients seeking care at an Arab-American serving clinic in SE MI, located in a city which is home to a large proportion of Arab-Americans in the United States (US). Body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome of interest. Distribution of BMI was described using percentages, and logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between obesity, other comorbid conditions and health behaviors. This cohort was compared to Michigan’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2018 (n = 9589) and to a cohort seeking care between 2013 and 2019 from a free clinic (FC) located in another city in SE MI (n = 1033). Of the 2363 Arab-American patients, those who were older or with HTN, DM or HLD had a higher prevalence of obesity than patients who were younger or without these comorbidities (all p-value < 0.001). Patients with HTN were 3 times as likely to be obese than those without HTN (95% CI: 2.41–3.93; p < 0.001). Similarly, the odds of being obese were 2.5 times higher if the patient was diabetic (95% CI: 1.92–3.16; p < 0.001) and 2.2 times higher if the patient had HLD (95% CI: 1.75–2.83; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in obesity rates between Arab-Americans (31%) and the BRFSS population (32.6%). Compared to Arab-Americans, patients seen at the FC had a higher obesity rate (52.6%; p < 0.001) as well as significantly higher rates of HTN, DM and HLD (all p < 0.001). Overall obesity rates in Arab-Americans were comparable to the population-based BRFSS rates, and lower than the patients seen at the FC. Further studies are required to understand the impact of obesity and the association of comorbidities in Arab-Americans.
Opportunities for Collaborative Clinical Work: Predicting Relapse Onset in Bipolar Disorder from Online Behavior

Bipolar disorder (BD) can negatively impact the lives of individuals. Symptoms of BD can manifest not only in their offline behaviors, but online as well. Being able to identify manic and depressive mood episodes early on can lead to more effective interventions. In this work, we focus on understanding the feasibility and acceptance of an early warning system for patients with BD that leverages online behavioral data to infer mood episode onset. For this, we interview three participants with BD to probe how they envision this type of intervention system and might use it to manage BD. Our goal is to uncover the opportunities and constraints of the future of work in BD healthcare that connects intelligent tools and objective data to provide an effective partnership between patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Toward this goal, in this paper, we focused on understanding concerns and gathering design ideas from patients with BD. We present this study as a case for a new type of work, incorporating clinical perspectives from start to finish-both as collaborators and active participants---to enhance clinical work experiences and provide better care.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Drivetrain Torsional Vibration Modals for an FR Car

A theoretical torsional vibration model for the drivetrain of a front-engine-and-rear-wheel-drive(FR) car was built.Torsional vibration modal frequencies were calculated by free vibration analysis and validated by comparing the results with those of torsional vibration test of the car.Based on this model,the sensitivity of the torsional stiffness and moment of inertia of different components to the drivetrain modal frequencies was analyzed.It is shown that the 3rd order modal frequency can be tuned by adjusting the torsional stiffness or moment of inertia of the wheels; the 4th order modal frequency can be tuned by adjusting the torsional stiffness or moment of inertia of the wheel or the torsional stiffness of the half shaft; the 5th order modal frequency can be tuned by adjusting the torsional stiffness of the half shaft or the moment of inertia of the driving shaft.
Sensory tricks modulate corticocortical and corticomuscular connectivity in cervical dystonia.

Objective To examine interactions between cortical areas and between cortical areas and muscles during sensory tricks in cervical dystonia (CD). Methods Thirteen CD patients and thirteen age-matched healthy controls performed forewarned reaction time tasks, sensory tricks, and two tasks replicating aspects of the tricks (moving necks/arms). Control subjects mimicked sensory tricks. Corticocortical and corticomuscular coherence values were calculated from surface electrodes placed over motor, premotor, and sensory cortical areas and dystonic muscles. Results During initial preparation (after the warning stimulus), the only between-task difference was found in the γ-band corticocortical coherence (higher during tricks than during voluntary neck movements). With movements (before/after the imperative stimulus), the γ-band coherence of CD patients significantly increased during tricks but decreased during voluntary movements, while opposite trends were observed in healthy subjects. Additionally, the α- and β-band coherence decreased in healthy subjects during movements. Between the two patient subgroups (typical vs. forcible tricks), only those with typical tricks showed significant decrease in corticomuscular coherence during tricks. Conclusions Observed changes in the corticocortical coherence suggest that sensory tricks improve cortical function, which reduces corticomuscular connectivity and the dystonia. Significance We demonstrated that sensory tricks fundamentally affect sensorimotor integration in CD, both in movement preparation and execution.
AGATE: Expanding on the Success of EGRET

The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Observatory has increased our understanding of active galactic nuclei, pulsars, diffuse emission, solar flares and gamma ray bursts. In order to continue these advances in high energy gamma-ray astronomy, development of a follow-on telescope to EGRET is in progress. The new experiment, named the Advanced Gamma-Ray Astronomy Telescope Experiment (AGATE), has the same basic components which have made EGRET a successful, low background telescope for 30 MeV to 30 GeV gamma rays; however, the sensitivity has been increased by an order of magnitude, the energy range extended to higher energies, and the angular resolution improved.
Appendix G: TurtleScreen Methods

This documentation was generated from the Python documentation available by typing from turtle import * help (TurtleScreen) in the Python shell.
Epidemiologic (Observational) Studies

Epidemiologic studies focus on measurement or estimation of health-related properties of populations, such as distributions of diseases and their causes. This focus is shared with social sciences, but there is a limited overlap in study methods. Differences arise from focus in classical epidemiology on downstream (proximal or immediate) causes of disease such as microbes, toxins, and vectors or mechanisms of transmission or exposure, rather than upstream (distal) causes such as social determinants like poverty and lack of social services. With these differences in view, this entry gives a brief overview of the most common types of epidemiologic studies and their limitations, including surveillance and case series studies, ecologic studies, case control studies, and cohort studies, and contrasts observational epidemiologic studies to randomized trials. Keywords: causation; epidemiology; health; methodology; public health
Comparison of sandwich hybridization assay and quantitative PCR for the quantification of live and preserved cultures of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

In this study, we directly compared two molecular techniques, sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), for quantifying laboratory cultures of the ichthyotoxic raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo. To maximize comparisons, all experiments entailed raising H. akashiwo in the laboratory, generating cellular homogenates then splitting them such that for each sample, the same homogenate was analyzed using both SHA and qPCR. To verify molecular data, all experiments included cell counts using light microscopy and a Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Results of standard curves for several geographically distinct strains using SHA were similar to prior research whereas others exhibited significantly different slopes, suggesting physiological differences between isolates. Data generated by qPCR showed a high degree of correlation with SHA responses. We also investigated the use of each method for quantifying H. akashiwo samples preserved with Lugol's iodine solution. Neither SHA nor qPCR produced results that were significantly different from initial values for Lugol's preserved samples stored under refrigeration for up to 4 months. By comparison, samples stored at room temperature exhibited a highly significant decline in responses relative to controls after 4 months using both assays as well as a marked increase in ΔΔCt within 24 hours using qPCR followed by a decline and lack of signal after 1 month. To determine whether an environmental matrix would influence assay results, natural seawater samples were spiked with H. akashiwo culture. No significant differences between culture and spiked field samples were observed for either SHA or qPCR.