cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Experiences with Couples Treatment for IPV

Evidence suggests that conjoint treatment can be effective for certain violent couples in certain situations (Finkel in Rev Gen Psychol 11:193–207, 2007; LaTaillade et al. in J Cogn Psychother 20:393–410, 2006; Fals-Stewart et al. in J Consult Clin Psych 73:239–248, 2005; Stith et al. in J Marital Fam Ther 29(3):407–426, 2003). However, not as much is known about which aspects of conjoint treatment make a difference, nor if male and female participants experience these elements of treatment differently. Knowing which components of couples’ treatment clients perceive as helpful—and whether their perceptions differ by gender—will allow us to redefine models with an eye toward making them more effective. In this study we used qualitative methods to examine the aspects of a particular couples’ treatment program (Stith and McCollum in Aggress Violent Beh 16(4):312–318, 2011) that clients found useful while also considering the differences between men’s and women’s responses. Fourteen couples, in which the male had been identified as the primary aggressor, were interviewed multiple times to gain their perspectives about components of the program they found helpful and their suggestions for program improvement. Themes are analyzed by gender. Implications for treatment and future research are provided.
Identification and properties of yeasts associated with the aerobic deterioration of wheat and alfalfa silages

Populations of fungi in aerobically deteriorating wheat and alfalfa silages were identified as: Endomycopsis burtonii, E. selenospora, Hansenula canadensis, Candida tenuis and C. silvicola. The yeasts recovered were similar for both silages, but H. canadensis was recovered only in wheat silages. All of these yeasts could utilize lactic acid aerobically, but not anaerobically. Only Endomycopsis spp. could utilize propionic acid aerobically and none of the yeasts utilized this acid anaerobically. However, all yeasts grew in complete media supplemented with propionate. Therefore, while lactic and propionic acids may contribute to stability under anaerobic conditions, they are much less less effective after the silage is exposed to air.
Cadmium and zinc content of fish from an industrially contaminated lake

Eleven species of fish from an industrially-contaminated lake were analysed for whole body cadmium and zinc content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cadmium and zinc content of fish were species related, and most species accumulated these trace metals to levels significantly higher than background. Maximum concentrations detected were 13.60 μg Cd g−1 (dry wt) in a bluegill and 820 μg Zn g−1 in a redear sunfish. Cadmium content was much more variable than zinc content. Distributions of concentrations of both cadmium and zinc in fish were lognormal, and concentrations of both metals tended to decrease in higher trophic levels. Zinc concentrations significantly decreased as total length increased in three species.
Beyond the Constitutive‐Representational Dichotomy: The Phenomenological Notion of Intentionality

This paper addresses the constitutive-representational dichotomy presented in John Stewart's two recent books. First, I review the logic of representation within the terms encoding and decoding, and, relying on the ideas of John Dewey, I explicate its various theoretical inadequacies. Hence, I add Dewey's support to Stewart's claim that speech is not a tool-like system of representations, but rather, is primarily constitutive. Second, and more critically, I appeal to several interrelated concepts in Dewey's writings to show that the representational view is valid and legitimate if it is taken as a derivative possibility given to speech's constitutive nature. Third, I unpack developments in the phenomenological notion of intentionality to argue that humans are fundamentally suspended in a network of intentional relations. Thus, with the notion of “intentionality” developed mainly by Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, I argue that we can accommodate for representational accounts while holding fast to speech's primary constitutive character. I conclude by suggesting that the different intentional relations (e.g., constitutive and representational) are nothing less than different modes by which we temporalize the temporality we are.
Common transversals in partitioning families

Abstract A family of s subsets of a finite set R is a partitioning family of R if the subsets are pairwise disjoint. A transversal of such a family is a set of s elements, one in each member of the family. If there are several partitioning families defined on R, each having s members, then a set X⊆R is a common transversal if X is a transversal for each family. Reducing R by inclusion equivalence provides a uniform cardinality condition which is sufficient to insure that the families have a common transversal. This bound is best possible, since any smaller cardinality permits some subset to be void. If it is known that no subset is empty, a much smaller bound can be obtained for t=2, using Hall's condition. A further application gives a bound for t families guaranteeing that each pair has a common transversal. Let b(i:s,t,k) be the least number such that in t partitioning families of s sets each, every i of the families have a common transversal when it is known that every set has at least k elements. Then it is shown that: 1. (i) b(t:s,t,0)=(s−1)s 1−1 +1 , 2. (ii) b(2:s,2,1)=(s−2)s+3 for s⩾3, 3. (iii) b(2:s,t,0)=b(t:s,t,0) for s⩾3, 4. (iv) b(2:s,t,1)=s 1−2 (s 2 -2s+2)+1 for s⩾3, 5. (v) b(t:s,t,1)>(s−2)s t−1 +s t−2 +(t−2)(s−1) t−2 +1 for s⩾3.
Schistosomiasis Haematobium infections presenting as central nervous system lesions

S chistosomiasis is a major parasitic infection in tropical areas, affecting an estimated 200 million peop1e.l The most prevalent species are Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum which usually present as infection of the portal circulation resulting in intestinal schistosomiasis and Schistosoma haematobium, which commonly results in ureteral and vesicular lesions. Central nervous system (CNS) schistosomiasis is uncommon but has been reported in 2% to 4% of Sjaponicum infections.2 In such cases, a cerebral space-occupying lesion is the usual manifestation. In S mansoni infections, granulomatous lesions around ectopic eggs have been found in the spinal cord with development of a transverse myelitislike syndrome.1,3-5 The true incidence of such lesions is not known as most lesions are not found until autopsy.4p5 Although CNS involvement has been reported with S haematobium, this is relatively unusual and often asymptomatic.“s6 Two cases are reported of central nervous system lesions due to S haematobium eggs. In one case, no urologic or other systemic evidence for infection was found until a large cerebral mass lesion was evident. In the second case, no other systemic evidence of infection was ever confirmed. In reviewing the literature, it appears that CNS infection from S haenzatobium in the absence of other systemic manifestations of disease is highly unusual.
Intracarotid amytal procedure evaluation of hemispheric speech and memory function in children and adolescents

Abstract Forty-one patients between 6 and 17 years of age underwent the intracarotid Amytal procedure (IAP) to determine hemispheric speech dominance and memory capacity. Thirty-six patients demonstrated left-hemisphere speech dominance, four patients were right-hemisphere speech-dominant, and one patient demonstrated bilateral speech capability. The IAP memory results were not significantly correlated with age at the time of the IAP testing, Full-Scale IQ, or the dosage of sodium Amytal. Twenty-one of the 36 left-speech-dominant patients (58.3%) had a disparity in hemispheric memory performance. IAP memory studies correctly predicted side of surgery in 91% of patients undergoing temporal lobectomy (87% for left temporal lobectomy, 100% for right temporal lobectomy). We conclude that the IAP can be used to determine hemispheric speech dominance unambiguously in children as young as 7 years of age and adolescents. In addition, when it is known that seizures originate from the temporal lobe, the IAP is useful in determining the lateralization of epileptic foci.
Biosocial factors in early infancy as predictors of competence in adolescents who were born prematurely.

ABSTRACT. In a prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of 105 subjects born prematurely, competence was assessed from infancy through late adolescence. A biosocial model guided the research. Neohatal neurobehavioral organization (a composite of term visual attention, amount of time in active slee
An After-School Counseling Program for High-Risk Middle School Students:

There are a number of middle school students who experience difficulty making the transition from childhood to early adolescence and may be described as high-risk. This article describes an after-school program designed to promote healthy identity and adaptive personal choice behaviors in a high-risk group of middle school students.
Verbal Aggression in Marriages A Comparison of Violent, Distressed but Nonviolent, and Nondistressed Couples

This study examines verbal aggression in the disputes of abusive couples. Verbal aggression is defined as both a predispositional trait and a relational pattern, so it is viewed within a system theory framework. Specifically, the study considers the relationship between verbal aggression and marital distress, the level of agreement between couples in reporting their verbally aggressive behavior, and the level and type of reciprocity in their verbal aggression. A sample of 82 couples representing violent, nonviolent distressed, and nondistressed relationships completed self-report instruments on verbal aggression and argumentativeness for themselves and their spouses and marital satisfactionfor themselves. Results show that abusive couples experience less marital satisfaction, less accurately recall each other's behavior, and have significant reciprocity in their verbal aggression compared to nonviolent distressed and nondistressed couples.
Is there a single mechanism of catalytic rate oscillations on Pt

Abstract Experiments are summarized which show that the NO+CO reaction on clean Pt(100) or on clean polycrystalline Pt can exhibit oscillations at all pressures between 10-8 and 1 Torr and that this is caused by the hex ↔ 1 × 1 surface phase transition. It is suggested that many of the observed examples of rate oscillations on Pt surfaces may arise from the adsorbate induced 1 × 1 ↔ hex surface phase transition on Pt(100). This mechanism may also be operative on polycrystalline wires and foils and on supported Pt particles because in many reactive gases all crystallographic orientations tend to facet into predominantly (100) crystal planes. Varying amounts of (100) facet formation may explain the lack of reproducibility of oscillations on all but Pt(100) at low pressures. Effects of reactor pressure and spatial variations are also discussed.
Discontinuous transition time between stable states in ferroresonant circuits

The nonlinear differential equations for series and parallel ferroresonant circuits are solved to give the discontinuous transition time between stable states. This time agrees with experiment. Such things as the dependence of ?jump time? on lamination thickness and a discussion of some general negative-resistance factors are given. The mathematical solution is accomplished by assuming the saturation curve of the inductor to be a series of odd-powered functions and the investigation is limited to the cubic term. First, a single sinusoidal solution is assumed and then a second term, third-harmonic correction, is included. The static results are compared with the actual observed circuit characteristic as well as with a simple graphical solution. Transient analysis is carried out using a variational approach which allows the perturbed differential equations to be reduced to canonical form. This results in a damping-time constant and oscillation frequency both of which are nonlinear. Hysteresis and eddy-current losses are found to have a significant effect and are included in the study.
General anesthesia and the patient's attempts at control

Twenty surgical patients were instructed to be active or passive while awaiting surgery. Pulse measures were taken as patients approached the operating table, received anesthesia, and lost consciousness. All patients increased in pulse rate before anesthesia. Immediately after initial anesthesia the groups diverged, active patients decreasing and passive patients increasing in pulse rate. A decrease in pulse rate is clinically desirable. A patient’s active participation may show that the staff is responsive to his needs, making him more willing to submit to anesthesia.
Study of the Low-Fat Milk Phenomonon in Cows Grazing Pearl Millet Pastures

Abstract Two trials were conducted in an effort to elucidate the factor(s) responsible for the depression in fat test when cows are allowed to graze pearl millet pasture. Comparisons between Sudan grass and pearl millet with respect to chemical composition of the plant materials as well as animal performance were made. The results revealed were made. The results revealed no significant difference in the cellwall constituents and lipid composition of the two plant materials; however, the oxalic acid content of the pearl millet plant material was significantly higher than that of Sudan grass. Cows grazing the pearl millet pasture produced milk significantly lower in fat content, and the fat contained a higher degree of unsaturation than when the cows grazed Sudan grass. The molar percentage of rumen butyrate was significantly decreased when the cows grazed pearl millet. No significant change occurred in the molar proportions of rumen acetate and propionate as a result of grazing pearl millet pasturage.
Black versus white single parents and the value of children.

Differences between black and white single parents concerning the value of children in the United States are examined and recent studies on this subject are reviewed. Data were collected at a private day care center in a large metropolitan area. (ANNOTATION)
Regional attributes of hurricane surge response functions for hazard assessment

Accurate quantification of hurricane surge probabilities is critically important for coastal planning and design. Recently, the joint probability method has been shown to yield statistically reliable surge probabilities and has quickly become the method of choice for extreme-value surge analysis in the United States. A main disadvantage of the joint probability method is the requirement to have accurate computational surge simulations for a large array of hurricane conditions. Recently, this shortcoming has been overcome by using a variety of interpolation schemes to reduce the number of surge simulations required to an optimal sample for joint probability analysis. One interpolation scheme uses response functions, or physically based dimensionless scaling laws, that consider the relative impact of hurricane landfall position, central pressure, and storm size on surge magnitude at the location of interest. Here, the influence of regional changes in bathymetry on the physically based response function form is investigated. It will be shown that the influence of continental shelf width on surge generation along a continuous coast is coupled with the influence of storm size and that this coupled physical effect can be treated within the response functions via dimensionless scaling. The surge response function model presented here has an algebraic form for rapid calculation. This model performs well for the entire 600-km Texas coast, yielding accurate surge estimates (root-mean-square errors less than 0.22 m and R 2 correlations better than 0.97) with virtually no bias (mean error magnitudes less than 0.03 m).
Paraquat, but Not Maneb, Induces Synucleinopathy and Tauopathy in Striata of Mice through Inhibition of Proteasomal and Autophagic Pathways

SNCA and MAPT genes and environmental factors are important risk factors of Parkinson's disease [PD], the second-most common neurodegenerative disease. The agrichemicals maneb and paraquat selectively target dopaminergic neurons, leading to parkinsonism, through ill-defined mechanisms. In the current studies we have analyzed the ability of maneb and paraquat, separately and together, to induce synucleinopathy and tauopathy in wild type mice. Maneb was ineffective in increasing α-synuclein [α-Syn] or p-Tau levels. By contrast, paraquat treatment of mice resulted in robust accumulation of α-Syn and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in striata, through activation of p-GSK-3β, a major Tau kinase. Co-treatment with maneb did not enhance the effects of paraquat. Increased hyperacetylation of α-tubulin was observed in paraquat-treated mice, suggesting cytoskeleton remodeling. Paraquat, but not maneb, inhibited soluble proteasomal activity on a peptide substrate but this was not associated with a decreased expression of 26S proteasome subunits. Both paraquat and maneb treatments increased levels of the autophagy inhibitor, mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, suggesting impaired axonal autophagy, despite increases in certain autophagic proteins, such as beclin 1 and Agt12. Autophagic flux was also impaired, as ratios of LC3 II to LC3 I were reduced in treated animals. Increased mTOR was also observed in postmortem human PD striata, where there was a reduction in the LC3 II to LC3 I ratio. Heat shock proteins were either increased or unchanged upon paraquat-treatment suggesting that chaperone-mediated autophagy is not hampered by the agrichemicals. These studies provide novel insight into the mechanisms of action of these agrichemicals, which indicate that paraquat is much more toxic than maneb, via its inhibitory effects on proteasomes and autophagy, which lead to accumulation of α-Syn and p-Tau.
Cornea fellowship training and refractive surgery: standard requirements.

Purpose of review The Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology Fellowship Compliance Committee (AUPO FCC) provides standardized guidelines for seven ophthalmology subspecialties. Participation in this process is on a voluntary basis. The subspecialty of Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery (CEDRS) was one of the first to join the AUPO FCC compliance process. This article reviews the development of subspecialty guidelines, the establishment of the AUPO FCC, and the impact of fellowship training on the ophthalmology community. Particular attention is given to the effect of this process on CEDRS fellowship requirements. Recent findings There have been few studies evaluating the surgical outcomes of cornea fellows during training. Overall, these studies concluded that cornea/refractive surgery fellows achieve similar postoperative results when compared with more experienced senior faculty. Extensive preoperative training and guided supervision were the main factors that contributed to successful surgical outcomes. Summary The establishment of guidelines in various ophthalmology fellowships has been generally accepted as a method to ensure a more uniform and comprehensive training experience. Additionally, the presence of fellows at an academic institution often enhances the education of residents. Fellows also contribute to the field with their participation in basic science and clinical research. Under proper guidance and supervision, cornea fellows can achieve surgical outcomes that are comparable to experienced surgeons. The additional training offered in fellowship helps develop a subset of physicians with advanced clinical and surgical skills.
Racial disparities in initiation of adjuvant endocrine therapy of early breast cancer

Endocrine therapy (ET) is the cornerstone of adjuvant therapy for hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. The survival gap between African-American (AA) and white women with breast cancer is most pronounced in HR+ subtypes, and could be related to differences in ET use. The relationship between race and initiation of ET is not well defined. We investigated patterns of ET initiation by race in a diverse cohort of women covered by commercial health insurance. We identified 2,640 women with incident HR+ breast cancer in the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry whose records linked to commercial insurance claims using the Integrated Cancer Information and Surveillance System (ICISS) database. The sample included women age <65 years diagnosed with stage I-III HR+ cancers between 2004 and 2009. We used multivariate Poisson regression to examine the effect of race on likelihood of initiating ET. 14 % of women did not initiate ET within 12 months of diagnosis. AA women were 17 % less likely to initiate ET than whites (aRR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.74-0.93). When analyzed by subset, racial disparities persisted among women who received chemotherapy (aHR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.56-0.80) but not among women who did not receive chemotherapy (aHR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.76-1.21). AA women in our sample were less likely to initiate ET than whites, and this disparity was concentrated among chemotherapy-treated women. ET under-utilization may contribute to the racial survival gap in HR+ breast cancer, and represents an opportunity for intervention to reduce breast cancer disparities.
Expanded securities underwriting: Implications for bank risk and return

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of a Federal Reserve Board ruling in 1987 that expanded the securities underwriting ability for Citicorp, J. P. Morgan, and Bankers Trust. Results derived from a factor-analytic event study support an infrastructure proposition in which money center versus regional banks benefit the most from expansion in underwriting. Investment banks do not suffer significant loss from a market share reduction nor is there a significant wealth transfer from investment to commercial banks. Little evidence of a reduction in total risk around the event period is found.
Transient and Recurrent Spectrum

Abstract We deal primarily with spectral analysis of an abstract self-adjoint operator, H , on a Hilbert space, H . We propose a further refinement of the absolutely continuous subspace, H ac , into the transient absolutely continuous subspace, H tac , which is the closure of those ϑ with ( ϑ , e − itH ϑ ) = O ( t − N ) for all N and the recurrent absolutely continuous subspace, H rac = H ac ∩ H tac ⊥ . We discuss general features of this breakup. In a subsequent paper, we construct analytic almost periodic functions, V , on (−∞, ∞) so that H = −d 2 dx 2 + V(x) on L 2 (−∞, ∞) has only recurrent absolutely continuous spectrum in the sense that H rac = H .
Possible models for the high-energy transient GB790107

The properties of the high-energy transient GB790107 place severe constraints on the viability of models proposed for typical gamma-ray burst events as applied to this soft gamma-ray repeater. Here, the various models proposed for gamma-ray bursts are reviewed. It is shown that a model involving a comet cloud around a neutron star is consistent with the observational data.
World Water Balance Symposium Reading, England July 15”23, 1970

The first International Symposium on World Water Balance, held at the University of Reading, England, July 15–23, 1970, demonstrated that the former, self-imposed boundaries of hydrology (something in between meteorology and oceanography) no longer exist. Meteorologists and oceanographers are now active in hydrology and vice versa; or all are active geophysicists as R. C. Sutcliff (U.K.) might prefer to have it. In a paper given early in the symposium, A. A. Sokolov (USSR) pointed out that the long history of hydrology may be divided into four stages: an early prehistory stage (which continues into the present) in which man began to measure and to keep records of fluctuations in levels of lakes and rivers; a second stage, marked by the building of dams and other structures for runoff control, requiring the volumetric measurement of stream flow; a third stage, which seeks to obtain a worldwide, steady-state or ‘mean value’ balance in which evaporation is calculated as the difference between precipitation and runoff; and finally, a fourth stage in which the dynamic processes of water balance are studied as parts of a whole, and in which the related heat and energy balances play an essential part. In the closing session, H. L. Penman (U.K.), in semi-jest, summarized the conference with the steady-state equation, dv/dt = 0. The main emphasis of the symposium was on Sokolov's third stage given above, but there were also important contributions to various parts of the fourth stage, and in particular with regard to the process of evapotranspiration.
The influence of antibiotics on spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci: the potential role of selective use of antibiotics as a control measure

Abstract Antibiotic selective pressure plays a major role in the spread of VRE. Intestinal colonization is the most important source for spread of VRE, and may be influenced markedly by antibiotic therapy. Data from case-control studies suggest that some antibiotics promote the emergence of VRE more than others. Specifically, in multiple studies, vancomycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and antibiotics with activity against anaerobes have been associated with VRE colonization or infection. Infection control measures and reduction of vancomycin use have not proven effective in eliminating large polyclonal VRE outbreaks. Reductions in the use of other antibiotics that select for VRE may be an additional means of limiting the spread of VRE. More information about the mechanisms by which antibiotics promote VRE and the degree to which various antibiotics encourage their emergence is necessary in order to effectively implement selective use of antibiotics as a control measure.
Defining the lived experience of older adults with voice disorders

Summary Objectives The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to gather rich thick descriptive data regarding the lived experiences of older adults seeking treatment for a voice disorder. Design Using qualitative methodologies, participants completed semi-structured interviews with trained investigators to detail their thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and experiences of living with a voice disorder. Using a process of horizontalization, themes were identified that described the experiences of older adults with voice disorders. Setting Research was conducted at four clinical voice centers in Kentucky, Wisconsin, and Ohio. Data were analyzed in the Laryngeal and Speech Dynamics Lab at the University of Kentucky. Participants A total of 28 adults (aged 65–90 years) with voice disorders were recruited for this study. Results and Conclusions Aging adults demonstrated a strong urge to communicate; however, they tended to describe their voice quality in negative terms and were emotionally impacted by these associations. They admitted to withdrawing from some activity or social event because their voice did not meet their expectations or voice needs; thought their voice quality was part of normal aging; and had resigned to accept their current voice.
Searching for array standards in Rockville

A recent US NIH meeting produced a draft pilot protocol to facilitate microarray data sharing.
Constitutive Production of NF-κB2 p52 Is Not Tumorigenic but Predisposes Mice to Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease by Repressing Bim Expression

Normal development of the immune system requires regulated processing of NF-κB2 p100 to p52, which activates NF-κB2 signaling. Constitutive production of p52 has been suggested as a major mechanism underlying lymphomagenesis induced by NF-κB2 mutations, which occur recurrently in a variety of human lymphoid malignancies. To test the hypothesis, we generated transgenic mice with targeted expression of p52 in lymphocytes. In contrast to their counterparts expressing the tumor-derived NF-κB2 mutant p80HT, which develop predominantly B cell tumors, p52 transgenic mice are not prone to lymphomagenesis. However, they are predisposed to inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan infiltration of activated lymphocytes, high levels of autoantibodies in the serum, and immune complex glomerulonephritis. p52, but not p80HT, represses Bim expression, leading to defects in apoptotic processes critical for elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes and control of immune response. These findings reveal distinct signaling pathways for actions of NF-κB2 mutants and p52 and suggest a causal role for sustained NF-κB2 activation in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Toward a Telic Vision of Human Beings: A Dialogue with Joseph F. Rychlak

Over the past 25 years, Joseph F. Rychlak has developed a unique approach to theory, research, and practice in counseling that he refers to as “rigorous humanism.” His conceptualization of human action is radically different from the mainstream understanding of human beings in scientific theory and research. His position is quite compatible, however, with the views of most practicing counselors. Rychlak's proposals have been instrumental in developing a modified view of science, upon which a research-based understanding of counseling practice can be constructed.
Pediatric stomas, tubes, and appliances.

Pediatric patients with gastrostomy or intestinal ostomy continue to be a challenge to pediatric primary health care providers. In caring for these patients, the physician's role is vital in providing quality care with appropriate intervention, prevention, and management for potential complications, patient and family education, and provisions for services and supplies. Often, acquired conditions or congenital anomalies are stressful, and families require assistance with coping and encouragement to master new skills. This article presents a brief overview of gastrostomies and intestinal ostomies, including care and management of various devices and appliances, and troubleshooting commonly encountered problems.
Plasma CXCL12 Levels as a Predictor of Future Stroke

Background and Purpose—The chemokine ligand CXCL12 is constitutively expressed in the bone marrow and other tissues including the brain endothelium and is responsible for regulating the trafficking of bone marrow progenitor cells. CXCL12 has been shown to play a significant role in animal models of ischemic stroke but its role in human stroke is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that elevated circulating baseline CXCL12 levels are associated with subsequent stroke. Methods—We prospectively collected demographic and angiographic data from consecutive patients referred for elective coronary angiography. Before coronary angiography a peripheral blood sample was collected for subsequent measurement of CXCL12. One-year stroke risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Profile. Clinical follow-up was performed at 6 months and 1 year. Results—Of 206 subjects enrolled, 10 (4.9%) sustained an ischemic stroke over the 1year follow-up. There were no significant differences in baseline clin...
Response of Synthetic Quartz to X-Ray Irradiation

IT is well known that natural quartz darkens when exposed to irradiation by X-rays, although the degree of darkening varies considerably from specimen to specimen. Moreover, within certain specimens, variations in the degree of darkening occur which are obviously related to crystallographic features. Frondel1 has studied these effects and also reported a change in the elastic constants of quartz resulting from X-ray irradiation.
Large animals in the fast lane.

In her commentary (News Focus, 4 June, p. [1607][1]) on an analysis of fractal geometry and allometric scaling (G. B. West et al. , Reports, 4 June, p. 1677), Dana Mackenzie describes how new perspectives in mathematics and biophysics have at last begun to explain “why smaller animals spend life
Resolving the impasse regarding research on the origins of products and brands

– The purpose of this paper is to address the apparent controversy surrounding the relevance of country of origin (CO) and brand origin (BO) lines of research, with particular reference to an article authored by Magnusson, Westjohn, and Zdravkovic (MWZ) whose research findings assert that CO matters, irrespective of whether customers can actually recall origins of brands., – Drawing on the extant literature from academic and business publications, the paper offers evidence regarding the relative unimportance of origin‐related attributes in most purchasing situations. In this context, the paper examines the atheoretic nature of CO research combined with a general lack of realistic managerial relevance, consumers’ impoverished CO and BO knowledge base, and the challenges of using CO as a positioning tool in marketing strategy. Finally, the paper examines some critical research issues regarding MWZ's contribution., – Country of origin research is not as relevant in customer choice process as some scholars believe and is generally void of meaningful managerial guidelines., – This is a commentary about an International Marketing Review article.
Winners and Losers in the Global Research Village

Summary I describe a set of automated archives for electronic communication of research information that have been operational in many fields of physics, and some related and unrelated disciplines, starting from 1991. These archives now serve over 35,000 users worldwide from over 70 countries, and process more than 70,000 electronic transactions per day. In some fields of physics, they have already supplanted traditional research journals as conveyers of both topical and archival research information. Many of the lessons learned from these systems should carry over to other fields of scholarly publication, i.e., those wherein authors are writing not for direct financial remuneration in the form of royalties, but rather primarily to communicate information (for the advancement of knowledge, with attendant benefits to their careers and professional reputations). These archives have in addition proven equally indispensable to researchers in less-developed countries.
Human α2-macroglobulin: A major serum factor cytotoxic for tumor cells

Abstract Human α 2 -macroglobulin ( α 2 M) was established here as a major serum factor which inhibits the DNA synthesis of a mouse ovarian tumor cell line in culture. This inhibitory activity was species non-specific, dose-dependent and unaffected by serum concentrations in culture. α 2 M was cytotoxic to both murine and human tumor cell lines in culture, as determined by 2 different viability staining techniques, morphological observation and long-term in vitro culture. This report implicates α 2 M or an α 2 M-associated substance as a major cytotoxic serum factor that may be involved in endogenous cancer control processes in mammalian species.
Activation of supraoptic magnocellular neurons by gamma2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ2-MSH)

The effects of intracarotid infusions of the peptide gamma2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ2-MSH) on electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically identified supraoptic nucleus (SON) units were investigated Over a wide dose range this agent always excited SON units, while control infusions of vehicle had no effect. Because neural responses invariably preceded blood pressure elevation, it appears that γ2-MSH excitation of the magnocellular system was due to a direct effect on the central nervous system and was not a result of systemic cardiovascular responses. These results suggest a forebrain γ2-MSH sensitive site in the activation of SON magnocellular neurons.
A 10 bit SAR ADC With Data-Dependent Energy Reduction Using LSB-First Successive Approximation

This paper presents a successive approximation (SA) algorithm called LSB-first SA and a corresponding 10 bit ADC implementation. The energy per conversion and number of bitcycles per conversion used by this algorithm both scale logarithmically with the activity of the input signal, such that an N-bit conversion uses between 2 and 2N+1 bitcycles, compared to N for conventional binary SA. This algorithm reduces ADC power consumption when sampling signals with low mean activity. The ADC is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. With a 0.6 V supply, the maximum sample rate, leakage power, and ENOB are 16 kHz, 0.58 nW, and 9.73 b, averaged over 10 test chips. The DNL and INL are bounded at 0.09 and 0.22 LSBs. Given a DC input, the ADC achieves its best-case FoM of 3.5 fJ/conversion-step. Given a fullscale Nyquist sinusoid input, the ADC has its worst-case FoM of 20 fJ/conversion-step. The supply voltage can be increased to 1.0 V to reach a sample rate of 450 kHz, or decreased to 0.5 V to achieve a 2.9-17 fJ/conversion-step FoM range.
Job attitudes and performance during three career stages

Abstract The study tests the career stages model developed by Super (1957, The Psychology of Careers, New York: Harper). The theory suggests three distinct career stages between ages 21 and 60, each with its own career issues, job-related attitudes, and behavior. A total of 675 salespersons participated in this study. Attitudinal and career measures were taken from previously developed instruments. Support for the theory was found. Within each stage, different attitudes and behaviors were found to predict sales performance in accordance with the theory.
A meta-analysis of the effects of detritus on primary producers and consumers in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems

Detritus is a central feature in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the ubiquity of detritus, ecologists have largely ignored its role in influencing food web structure. We used a meta-analytic approach to ask three questions about how detritus affects food web structure in a wide variety of ecosystems. First, what is the effect strength of detritus on primary producers, detritivores, herbivores, and predators? Second, what functional role does detritus serve for consumers (energetic, habitat, or both)? Third, how does the effect of detritus on consumers vary between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems? We found that detritus has strong positive effects on primary producers and consumers in a wide range of ecosystems types. Detritus has a positive direct effect on detritivores by providing both an energetic resource and habitat (refuge from predators). Detritus has equally strong positive effects on herbivores and predators, driven by a positive direct effect of habitat. Detritus has positive effects on consumers in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with 1.7 times stronger effects in terrestrial ecosystems. These results suggest that detritus has strong effects on food-web structure in a variety of ecosystem types. Even the portion of the food web that is linked most strongly to living plant tissue as its primary energy source is strongly positively affected.
Substitution of Critical Isoleucines in the KH Domains of Drosophila Fragile X Protein Results in Partial Loss-of-Function Phenotypes

Fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMRP) are RNA-binding proteins that interact with a subset of cellular RNAs. Several RNA-binding domains have been identified in FMRP, but the contribution of these individual domains to FMRP function in an animal model is not well understood. In this study, we have generated flies with point mutations in the KH domains of the Drosophila melanogaster fragile X gene (dfmr1) in the context of a genomic rescue fragment. The substitutions of conserved isoleucine residues within the KH domains with asparagine are thought to impair binding of RNA substrates and perhaps the ability of FMRP to assemble into mRNP complexes. The mutants were analyzed for defects in development and behavior that are associated with deletion null alleles of dfmr1. We find that these KH domain mutations result in partial loss of function or no significant loss of function for the phenotypes assayed. The phenotypes resulting from these KH domain mutants imply that the capacities of the mutant proteins to bind RNA and form functional mRNP complexes are not wholly disrupted and are consistent with biochemical models suggesting that RNA-binding domains of FMRP can function independently.
Genomic-scale comparison of sequence- and structure-based methods of function prediction: Does structure provide additional insight?

A function annotation method using the sequence-to-structure-to-function paradigm is applied to the identification of all disulfide oxidoreductases in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. The method identifies 27 sequences as potential disulfide oxidoreductases. All previously known thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and disulfide isomerases are correctly identified. Three of the 27 predictions are probable false-positives. Three novel predictions, which subsequently have been experimentally validated, are presented. Two additional novel predictions suggest a disulfide oxidoreductase regulatory mechanism for two subunits (OST3 and OST6) of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase complex. Based on homology, this prediction can be extended to a potential tumor suppressor gene, N33, in humans, whose biochemical function was not previously known. Attempts to obtain a folded, active N33 construct to test the prediction were unsuccessful. The results show that structure prediction coupled with biochemically relevant structural motifs is a powerful method for the function annotation of genome sequences and can provide more detailed, robust predictions than function prediction methods that rely on sequence comparison alone.
Are travellers interested in wine tourism in New Zealand

Purpose – While much of contemporary wine tourism research focuses on on‐site winery visitors, little is reported on the level of wine tourism participation among travellers outside the winery who may not necessarily be winery visitors or wine enthusiasts. This study investigates this dimension from the perspective of travellers.Design/methodology/approach – Between October and November of 2006, a total of 998 questionnaires were distributed among travellers from the North to the South Island of New Zealand. In all, 500 travellers participated in the study, a 50.1 percent response rate.Findings – One critical finding of this study is that while winery visitation appears common among domestic travellers, for the majority of international visitors lack of knowledge of New Zealand wines and wineries is their main reason not to visit wineries while members of this group travel in New Zealand.Research limitations/implications – The potential limitations of choosing a predominantly quantitative approach, as wel...
National trends in the United States of America physician assistant workforce from 1980 to 2007

The physician assistant (PA) profession is a nationally recognized medical profession in the United States of America (USA). However, relatively little is known regarding national trends of the PA workforce. We examined the 1980-2007 USA Census data to determine the demographic distribution of the PA workforce and PA-to-population relationships. Maps were developed to provide graphical display of the data. All analyses were adjusted for the complex census design and analytical weights provided by the Census Bureau. In 1980 there were about 29 120 PAs, 64% of which were males. By contrast, in 2007 there were approximately 97 721 PAs with more than 66% of females. In 1980, Nevada had the highest estimated rate of 40 PAs per 100 000 persons, and North Dakota had the lowest rate (three). The corresponding rates in 2007 were about 85 in New Hampshire and ten in Mississippi. The levels of PA education have increased from less than 21% of PAs with four or more years of college in 1980, to more than 65% in 2007. While less than 17% of PAs were of minority groups in 1980, this figure rose to 23% in 2007. Although nearly 70% of PAs were younger than 35 years old in 1980, this percentage fell to 38% in 2007. The trends of sustained increase and geographic variation in the PA workforce were identified. Educational level, percentage of minority, and age of the PA workforce have increased over time. Major causes of the changes in the PA workforce include educational factors and federal legislation or state regulation.
A profile die design method for a rubber extrudate using an analogy

AbstractProfile die design for extruding rubbers has evolved to the point that three dimensional finite element analysis of the flid dynamics is possible, including inlet flow and extrudate swell. These computations are complicated and can involve trial and error when considering extrudate swell. A new method of profile (thin plate) die design is presented which involves a simple finite element computation to predict the die profile to produce an extrudate of prescribed shape: the inverse extrudate process. The method is referenced to an anology between plate deflection and low-Reynolds-number fluid flow. A reference extrudate swell is used to take care of the characteristics of the extruder, operatiing conditions, extrudate properties, and anology similarity parameters. Analysis for a power-law rubber is presented which predicts the die profile to produce a square extrudate, and a die profile for a tyre extrudate. Comparison of these cases with three-dimensional theory and actual experimental data for th...
A C. elegans Hox gene switches on, off, on and off again to regulate proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

Hox genes establish body pattern throughout the animal kingdom, but the role these genes play at the cellular level to modify and shape parts of the body remains a mystery. We find that the C. elegans Antennapedia homolog, mab-5, sequentially programs many independent events within individual cell lineages. In one body region, mab-5 first switches ON in a lineage to stimulate proliferation, then OFF to specify epidermal structures, then ON in just one branch of the lineage to promote neuroblast formation, and finally OFF to permit proper sense organ morphology. In a neighboring lineage, continuous mab-5 expression leads to a different pattern of development. Thus, this Hox gene achieves much of its power to diversify the anteroposterior axis through fine spatiotemporal differences in expression coupled with a changing pattern of cellular response.
Design, construction and status of all niobium superconducting photoinjector at BNL

We present here the design and construction of an all niobium superconducting RF injector to generate high average current, high brightness electron beam. A 1/2 cell superconducting cavity has been designed, built, and tested. A cryostat has been built to cool the cavity to /spl sim/2 K. The RF system can deliver up to 500 W at 1.3 GHz to the cavity. A mode-locked Nd:YVO/sub 4/ laser, operating at 266 nm with 0.15 W average power, phase locked to the RF, will irradiate a laser cleaned Nb surface at the back wall of the cavity. Description of critical components and their status are presented in the paper. Based on DC measurements, QE of up to 10/sup -4/ can be expected from such cavity.
Environmental effects of saline oil-field discharges on surface waters

Ambient water samples from streams receiving discharges of coproduced brines from the Salt Creek oil field in Wyoming were collected and tested for toxicity from 1988 to 1990. Exposure to waters downstream from the oil field significantly (P < 0.05) reduced survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia compared to the upstream control, but fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) did not appear to be sensitive to the test conditions. Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia increased as stream flow decreased. Toxicity could not be attributed to H2S, trace metals, or nonpolar organic compounds based on toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) methods. Major inorganic ions (Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO−3, and CO23) appeared to account for the observed toxicity.
A new method for the in situ generation of Cp2Zr(H)Cl (Schwartz' Reagent)

Abstract Treatment of Cp 2 ZrCl 2 with LiEt 3 BH in THF leads to formation of Cp 2 Zr(H)Cl. Subsequently introduced terminal acetylenes undergo hydrozirconation without compromising acid-sensitive functionality present in the alkyne.