cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legitimate Absenteeism: The Unconstitutionality of the Caucus Attendance Requirement

Dubbed by the Washington Post as “undemocratic,” the caucus system for selecting delegates to national party presidential nominating conventions tends to disenfranchise identifiable factions of voters, including deployed service members, religious observers, persons with disabilities or in poor health, students who attend school away from home, and shift workers unable to leave work during caucus hours. This Note contends that eligible party voters have the constitutional right to vote in their political parties’ caucuses without being physically present. It presents three central constitutional arguments that raise doubts about the constitutionality of the physical attendance requirement of many state party caucuses: first, that the attendance requirement may violate the First Amendment associational rights of voters; second, that it may breach Fourteenth Amendment equal protection of the right to vote; and third, that it may constitute an unconstitutional poll tax. This Note proposes four alternatives to the present caucus system that could eliminate or mitigate the potential unconstitutionality of the physical attendance requirement. Additionally, it examines which actors are best situated to reform caucuses. It concludes that the most effective avenues toward reform are an associational rights judicial challenge or congressional legislation.
Factors Affecting Captures of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in Baited Pyramid Traps

Abstract Trapping experiments targeting brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), addressed the effects of: (1) a modification to the trap container of a commercial trap, (2) the age of methyl (2E,4E,6Z)-decatrienoate lures, and (3) the age of dichlorvos-impregnated kill strips on bug captures. In the trap modification study, ventilation holes in the containers atop standard, commercial AgBio™ traps were modified to resemble a USDA prototype trap. Captures were compared among the standard traps, modified commercial traps, and prototype traps. Halyomorpha halys captures were significantly greater in the prototype trap than in standard commercial traps, whereas captures in modified commercial traps were intermediate between but not significantly different from AgBio or prototype traps. Traps baited with kill strips that were fresh or that had been field-aged for 1, 2, 3 or 4 wk showed no significant differences in the total number of H. halys captured over a 15-d trapping interval, although the ...
An Educational Board Game to Assist PharmD Students in Learning Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology.

Objective. To examine whether playing a board game can assist PharmD students in learning autonomic nervous system (ANS) pharmacology. Design. Of 72 students enrolled in a required second-year pharmacology course, 22 students volunteered to play the board game, which was followed by an in-class examination consisting of 42 ANS questions (ANSQs) and 8 control questions (CTLQs). Participants were given a pretest and a posttest to assess immediate educational improvement. Participants’ scores for pretest, posttest, in-class examination, and ANSQs were compared. Also, scores for examination, ANSQs, and CTLQs were compared between board game participants (PART) and nonparticipating classmates (NPART). Assessment. Board game participants scored progressively higher between the pretest, posttest, examination, and ANSQs. Additionally, PART scores were higher than NPART scores for examination and ANSQs. Difference between PART and NPART CTLQ scores was not significant. Conclusion. A board game can assist PharmD students in learning ANS pharmacology.
Terrorism as a Corporate Governance Problem

In this paper I formulate hypothesis on a typology of the business forms of the underworld. It has been so far, based on the hearsay accounts but it is of paramount importance if we want to understand strong and weak parts of the terrorist organizations. I distinguish between three historical organization models, which we call paternalistic, militaristic and decentralized. The paper is concluded by the comparative discussion of two terrorist organizations about which significant credible information is in existence: Russian “People’s Will” in the XIX century, which ostensibly pioneered the species, and the German RAF.
Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

Purpose of review Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a rare entity that can arise from a variety of causes. Successful management has been reported using a variety of repair techniques. The goal of this study is to make recommendations on intraoperative and postoperative management of CSF fistulas across all causes. Recent findings Pooled analysis of case series reveals that free graft repairs are successful in closing most traumatic and iatrogenic CSF leaks. In contrast, multilayered, vascularized repairs are often required for large defects with high-flow leaks that communicate with a cistern and/or ventricles. Spontaneous CSF leaks are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the vast majority of cases, and when present, postoperative medical management is necessary for long-term success. Summary Patients with CSF rhinorrhea require surgical repair to prevent life-threatening complications. Many techniques and materials are effective at achieving closure of CSF fistula across causes. Evidence suggests that patients with high-flow CSF fistulas have improved outcomes with multilayered, vascularized repairs to decrease the risk of postoperative CSF leaks. Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension need long-term management of the underlying disease process.
Percutaneous decompression: treatment for respiratory distress secondary to multicystic dysplastic kidney.

AbstractMulticystic dysplastic kidney is a common renal anomaly in the newborn. Long-term problems, such as pain, infection, hypertension and neoplasm, although infrequent, have been reported. Acute, life-threatening complications resulting from the size of the affected kidney are rare and emergency nephrectomy has been the only reported effective therapy. We present a case of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cyst decompression used as definitive treatment of respiratory failure associated with multicystic dysplastic kidney.
Exposure to Advertisements and Susceptibility to Electronic Cigarette Use Among Youth.

Abstract Purpose Despite the rapid increase in e-cigarette use among youth, little is known about the social and behavioral factors that have contributed to this rise. We investigated whether young e-cigarette users are susceptible to e-cigarette advertisements. Methods Estimates of e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements from the 2014 National Young Tobacco Survey were investigated. Factors associated with the prevalence and levels of e-cigarette use were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results Of all respondents (n = 21,491), 19.8% had tried e-cigarettes and 9.4% were current e-cigarette users. Exposure to e-cigarette ads was prevalent among youth, with 38.6%/29.6%/53.2%/35.4% having medium to high exposure to e-cigarette ads from the Internet/newspapers/stores/TV, respectively. Current use of e-cigarettes among youth was associated with frequent exposure (high vs. low) to e-cigarette advertising from the Internet (odd ratio [OR] = 3.1, p p p p p p p Conclusions Exposure to e-cigarette ads significantly increased susceptibility to e-cigarette use among adolescents. E-cigarette advertising regulations and educational campaigns are critically needed.
Unveiling the internal entanglement structure of the Kondo singlet

We disentangle all the individual degrees of freedom in the quantum impurity problem to deconstruct the Kondo singlet, both in real and energy space, by studying the contribution of each individual free electron eigenstate. This is a problem of two spins coupled to a bath, where the bath is formed by the remaining conduction electrons. Being a mixed state, we resort to the ``concurrence'' to quantify entanglement. We identify ``projected natural orbitals'' that allow us to individualize a single-particle electronic wave function that is responsible of more than $90%$ of the impurity screening. In the weak coupling regime, the impurity is entangled to an electron at the Fermi level, while in the strong coupling regime, the impurity counterintuitively entangles mostly with the high energy electrons and disentangles completely from the low-energy states carving a ``hole'' around the Fermi level. This enables one to use concurrence as a pseudo order parameter to compute the characteristic ``size'' of the Kondo cloud, beyond which electrons are weakly correlated to the impurity and are dominated by the physics of the boundary.
Forecast combination when outcomes are difficult to predict

We show that when outcomes are difficult to forecast in the sense that forecast errors have a large common component that (a) optimal weights are not affected by this common component, and may well be far from equal to each other but (b) the relative mean square error loss from averaging over optimal combination can be small. Hence, researchers could well estimate combining weights that indicate that correlations could be exploited for better forecasts only to find that the difference in terms of loss is negligible. The results then provide an additional explanation for the commonly encountered practical situation of the averaging of forecasts being difficult to improve upon.
Impairment in Mismatch Negativity but not Repetition Suppression in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is characterized by impaired auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs), mismatch negativity (MMN), and sensory gating of AEPs to repeated stimuli (repetition suppression, RS). In the predictive modeling framework, MMN and RS reflect encoding of prediction error and model sharpening, respectively. We compared P50, N100, P200 RS, and pitch and duration MMN in 26 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) and 26 matched healthy controls (HC), and assessed relationships between MMN, RS, and SZ diagnosis. RS was measured by comparing responses to individual tones presented as 5-tone groups (1 kHz, 75 dB, 50 ms, 5 ms rise/fall times, 330 ms SOA), separated by a 750 ms inter-trial interval. For MMN, the same tones were presented, with occasional pitch (1.2 kHz, 10%) or duration deviants (100 ms, 10%) interspersed. Pitch and duration MMN were reduced in SZ (p 0.1). Importantly, although pitch and duration MMN both correlated with RS of AEPs within the MMN time range (p’s 0.93). We suggest that reduced MMN in SZ is related to deficits in encoding prediction error but not repetition suppression.
Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Behavior of Ultra High Performance Composite Concrete with Kolsky Bar

Cor-Tuf is ultra high performance composite concrete consisting of pozzolanic powder, fine aggregates and steel fibers. Its compressive strength is more than 200 MPa, five times larger than conventional concrete. We conducted compressive Kolsky bar experiments on Cor-Tuf to investigate the behavior of Cor-Tuf under dynamic loading. Considering the inhomogeneity of concrete, we used two types of samples with 19 and large 76 mm diameters. To see the effect of steel fibers to bulk properties of concrete, both samples with and without steel fibers were used. We found that the strength was affected by strain rate.
Longitudinal Patterns of Medication Nonadherence and Associated Health Care Costs.

Background: Nonadherence to treatment recommendations is associated with poorer outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease and may increase the cost of care. We examined the longitudinal relationship between nonadherence and health care costs and hypothesized that at least 3 distinct trajectories of nonadherence would be observed and that increasing nonadherence would account for significantly greater health care costs after controlling for disease activity. Methods: Ninety-nine patients aged 2 to 21 years with inflammatory bowel disease were recruited into this 2-year longitudinal study. Medication possession ratios were calculated from pharmacy refill data, disease activity ratings were obtained from medical charts, and hospital and physician charges associated with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease were obtained from the hospital's accounting database. Results: An average total cost effect size of d = 0.68 was observed between the increasing severity and stable low severity groups, but the confidence intervals overlap. Conversely, patients with increasing nonadherence demonstrated significantly higher health care costs than patients with stable ≤10%, stable 11% to 20%, or decreasing nonadherence. Conclusions: Medication nonadherence is related to increased health care costs after controlling for disease severity. Patients with increasing nonadherence over time demonstrate more than a 3-fold increase in costs compared with adherent patients. In addition, patients whose adherence improves over time incur approximately the same costs as those who are consistently adherent. This suggests that, in addition to leveraging prevention efforts to keep patients from becoming more nonadherent as treatment continues, efforts aimed at modifying adherence behavior may result in significant cost savings over time.
Assessing endgame strategies for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis: A model-based evaluation of the impact of DEC-medicated salt

Concern is growing regarding the prospects of achieving the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) by 2020. Apart from operational difficulties, evidence is emerging which points to unique challenges that could confound achieving LF elimination as extinction targets draw near. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)-medicated salt may overcome these complex challenges posed by the endgame phase of parasite elimination. We calibrated LF transmission models using Bayesian data-model assimilation techniques to baseline and follow-up infection data from 11 communities that underwent DEC salt medication. The fitted models were used to assess the utility of DEC salt treatment for achieving LF elimination, in comparison with other current and proposed drug regimens, during the endgame phase. DEC-medicated salt consistently reduced microfilaria (mf) prevalence from 1% mf to site-specific elimination thresholds more quickly than the other investigated treatments. The application of DEC salt generally required less than one year to achieve site-specific LF elimination, while annual and biannual MDA options required significantly longer durations to achieve the same task. The use of DEC-medicated salt also lowered between-site variance in extinction timelines, especially when combined with vector control. These results indicate that the implementation of DEC-medicated salt, where feasible, can overcome endgame challenges facing LF elimination programs.
Digital stethoscope: technology update.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the leading cause of mortality throughout the world. About one-third of global mortality is attributable to CVD. In addition to clinical presentation, specific clinical exam findings can assist in treating and preventing CVD. CVD may initially manifest as pulmonary pathology, and thus, accurate cardiopulmonary auscultation is paramount to establishing accurate diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools available to physicians is the stethoscope. The stethoscope first emerged in the year 1818, invented by a French physician, Rene Laennec. Since then, the initial modest monaural wooden tube has evolved into a sophisticated digital device. This paper provides an analysis of the evolution of the stethoscope as well as highlights the advancement made by the modern digital stethoscope including the application of this tool in advancing care for patients suffering from CVD.
Textual Analysis of Corporate Annual Disclosures: A Comparison between Bankrupt and Non-Bankrupt Companies

ABSTRACT In this study we focus on extracting qualitative information from the management discussion and analysis (MD&A) section of an annual report and compare whether there are textually evident differences in textual expressions used between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies. We extract high-frequency words, related concept links, and topics from MD&As and find that some high-frequency words appear to suggest differences between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies regarding their financial position and ongoing status. However, the usefulness of concept links is mixed. Some concept links for high-frequency words do not seem to center around a theme or a key word, yet others provide some contextual information supporting our conjectures about the ongoing business status of non-bankrupt companies. Finally, we perform topic extraction based on a latent semantic analysis algorithm in order to investigate whether issues and themes discussed differ between non-bankrupt and bankrupt companies. We find that m...
Operational Coordination of Autonomous Healthcare Services in Urban Disasters

This paper investigates a new type of humanitarian organization designed to coordinate government, non-profit, and private response organizations in the event of an urban multiple casualty incident...
Governing through Killing: The War on Drugs in the Philippines

This article focuses on the war on drugs in the Philippines in order to explore issues related to extra-judicial killing, which remains common in many countries that have abolished the death penalty and in many more that retain it but seldom carry out judicial executions. In the first year of Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency (2016–17), thousands of people were killed by police or by vigilantes who were encouraged to prosecute his war on drugs. At a time when democracy is in retreat in many parts of the world, this case illustrates how popular harsh punishment can be in states that have failed to meet their citizens’ hopes for freedom, economic growth, and security.
Development and field testing of experimental seed mixtures for high elevation roadside locations in West Virginia.

Non-native grass mixtures are often used to quickly establish ground cover on highway construction sites. Because soil is often mixed with parent material, reclamation is difficult in many of these locations. The inclusion of native seeds at two roadside locations in eastern West Virginia was evaluated in this study. The field sites had among the harshest climate conditions of the state, and the intent was to evaluate the establishment of varying seed mixtures at low/moderate and high elevations. Four experimental seed mixtures (mowable areas, cool season, warm season, and high elevation) were compared to two currently used seed mixtures for erosion control. Ground cover, biomass, compaction, and soil information were monitored over three growing seasons (2015–2017). Results show that the mowable area and cool season mixtures show promise at a wide range of elevations. While the warm season mixture did meet minimum ground cover (70%) at the low elevation location, the use will be limited due to slower time to establishment; however, the inclusion of the warm season mixture will meet the need of included native species in roadside reclamation. Experimental mixtures were resilient to periods of drought and high temperature throughout the study. The high elevation seed mixture did not perform better than the other experimental seed mixtures, so its use is not recommended for right-of-way locations in West Virginia. The cool season and mowable area mixtures likely meet this need.
Exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water and time to pregnancy

Abstract Background The synthetic solvent tetrachloroethylene (PCE), commonly used in dry cleaning operations, is a human neurotoxicant and carcinogen. However, its effect on reproduction is poorly understood, as prior studies have been limited to small occupational cohorts. We examined the association between PCE exposure from contamination of the public drinking water supply and time-to-pregnancy (TTP) in a cohort of mothers from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Methods The Cape Cod Family Health Study is a retrospective cohort study designed to examine the reproductive and developmental health effects of exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water. Our analysis included 1565 women who reported 3826 planned pregnancies from 1949 to 1990. Women completed self-administered questionnaires that ascertained TTP for each of her pregnancies, regardless of the outcome, as well as residential history and demographic information. We utilized EPANET water distribution system modeling software and a leaching and transport model to assess PCE exposure for each pregnancy. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders. We performed a probabilistic bias analysis to examine the effect of outcome misclassification on our results. Results Any cumulative PCE exposure before pregnancy was associated with a 15% reduction in risk of TTP > 12 months (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.03). However, women with the highest average monthly PCE exposure around the time of the pregnancy attempt (≥ 2.5 g) had increased risk of TTP > 12 months (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.76). Conclusions We found little evidence for long-term, cumulative adverse effects of PCE exposure on TTP, but high levels of PCE exposure around the time of the pregnancy attempt were associated with longer TTP. These associations may be underestimated due to the exclusion of unsuccessful pregnancy attempts from our study population, and may be biased by outcome and exposure misclassification given the long-term recall of TTP and use of a leaching and transport model to estimate PCE exposure.
Links Between Active Perception and the Control of Action

A synergy is taken to refer to independent things acting together to produce an ordered macroscopic state. It is argued that perception and action act synergistically, with the macroscopic state being the perceiving-acting cycle. This perspective entails a rethinking of perception along the lines suggested by J. J. Gibson: the appropriate observables are at the ecologicalscale (i.e., they are intrinsically coarse); the appropriate organ of sensitivity is a perceptual system (not a receptor or nerve); and the appropriate treatment of information is as specificational (i.e., it is lawfully related to its source). With this reformulation, the idea of a perceiving-acting cycle is elaborated, especially with reference to the relationship among intentional states, exploratory states, and informational states. The basic theme is that perception constrains action which, in turn, “sets up” perception. Examples of perceptually constrained exploratory and performatory activities are provided to illustrate the kinds of macroscopic variables that have been identified as being relevant to understanding perceiving-acting cycles.
The Growth of Bioethics as a Second-Order Discipline

This chapter offers a historically-grounded analysis of the nature of bioethics as a field of inquiry and practice. It begins with a detailed history of the evolution of early bioethics organizations, including the Society for Health and Human Values, the American Association of Bioethics, and the Society for Bioethics Consultation, and traces this history into the period in which these organizations merged as the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. This rich recounting offers both first-person and third-person observations of these organizations’ development, membership, problems, and mergers. With this historically-informed background in place, the author proceeds analytically to consider four basic approaches to characterizing the nature of bioethics: (1) bioethics as pure public discourse, with no experts, core texts, common methods, or common standards; (2) bioethics as unique to a single existing discipline (e.g., philosophy, medicine, etc.), with bioethics expertise limited to those who have undertaken extensive study in that field; and (3) bioethics as evolving into a new, independent discipline with its own core texts, methods, area of expertise, and common standards for scholarship and consultation. These three views are rejected in favor of the view that (4) bioethics is an interdisciplinary and second-order discipline with no unique area of expertise. Four key pieces of evidence support this analysis: bioethicists (1) tend to expand their subject matter (unlike most new fields, which splinter off from, and narrow the subject matter of, existing disciplines), (2) think of bioethics problems as complex and solutions as interdisciplinary, (3) welcome various perspectives from different professions, and (4) allow those various professions to set their own standards of competency.
DD52: Role Underload – würdigen Sie Menschen! (Oktober 2007)

Viele unter uns haben keine richtige Rolle gefunden, sie werden fur Aushilfsarbeiten herumgeschubst und ganz sicher nicht gewurdigt oder beachtet. In ihnen sturmt es. „Wozu bin ich da?“
Harnessing complex fluid interfaces to control colloidal assembly and deposition.

Abstract Hypothesis Capillary interactions play an important role in directing colloidal assembly on fluid interfaces. Interface curvature is expected to influence not only individual particle migration on interfaces but also capillary forces between nearby particles. In drying droplets, we hypothesize that the assembly and deposition of particles bound to droplet surface are controlled by the interplay between capillary effects and evaporation-driven flow. Experiments Using lattice Boltzmann–Brownian dynamics (LB–BD) simulations, we modeled large-scale assembly of nanoparticles on fluid interfaces that have complex geometries and investigate the subsequent deposition upon complete evaporation. A systematic study was performed for geometrically-controlled sessile droplets whose surfaces exhibit varying curvature fields. Findings The simulations show that the particle dynamics on nonuniformly curved interfaces are anisotropic and governed by particle-pair capillary interactions and curvature-induced capillary migration. A theoretical model was developed to predict the capillarity-induced assembly. Using the curved surface as a template, drying droplets with surface-bound particles deposit distinct patterns as a result of the competition between the capillary effects and evaporation-induced convection. These findings could provide new opportunities in the directed assembly and deposition of colloidal particles with potential applications in fabricating functional materials from nanoscale building blocks.
From strategic narrative to strategic culture: Labor Zionism and the roots of Israeli strategic culture

Israeli strategic culture is offensive and militaristic. However, in the pre-state period the Labor Zionist elites which later dominated the Israeli security establishment formulated a security nar...
Implementation of the new BRUE (Brief Resolved Unexplained Event) Guidelines: A Quality Improvement and Cost-Savings Initiative

Background: Significant variation exists in the evaluation and management of patients experiencing a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE), erstwhile known as Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE). In May 2016, the AAP published the first Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) specific for patients experiencing BRUE. The CPG provide an approach to evaluation based on risk stratification, as well as management recommendations for the lower-risk infants. We suspect based on anecdotal experience that our institution does not adhere to the current guidelines. This …
Pediatrician Referral Practices for Children Who Stutter

Purpose Given the marked increase in evidence-based information regarding the nature/treatment of stuttering, coupled with the fact that pediatricians tend to be one of the initial points of contac...
Sticky Wage Models and Labor Supply Constraints

In sticky wages models (either A la Calvo or A la Rotemberg), labor is solely determined by the demand side. However, a change of circumstances may make labor demand higher than agents' willingness to work. We find that workers are required to work against their will between 15 percent and 30 percent of the time (with 5 percent wage markup, less with higher markups and in Rotemberg models). Estimating models with the minimum of the demand and supply of labor instead of the demand-determined quantity yields different and unappealing properties. Hence, special attention should be paid to possible violations of the labor supply constraint.
Discovery of Ketone-Based Covalent Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3CL Proteases for the Potential Therapeutic Treatment of COVID-19.

The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 that emerged in 2019 is caused by the virus SARS CoV-2 and named for its close genetic similarity to SARS CoV-1 that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome ...
The Influence of Temporal Specification on the Identification of Crime Hot Spots for Program Evaluations: A Test of Longitudinal Stability in Crime Patterns

Longitudinal studies from the criminology of place suggest crime hot spots are repeatedly found in the same locations within cities over extended periods of time. Program evaluations of hot spots policing interventions often use much shorter temporal windows to define hot spots. This study examines if stability of patterns is still found when using short and intermediate periods of time to measure crime hot spots. We examined 765,235 total crime incidents reported to the Cincinnati Police Department from 1997 to 2016. These incidents were geocoded to 13,189 street segments. We created measures of crime hot spots based on varying temporal periods using three different strategies: pooled observations, group-based trajectory modeling, and k-means clustering. These measures were compared using techniques associated with survival analyses to determine the influence of temporal specification on the retrospective identification of crime hot spots. Our findings suggest regardless of the temporal specification, most street segments identified as crime hot spots remained crime hot spots across the observed follow-up periods. There was still much variability in patterns based upon temporal specifications and the use of additional years of incident report data did not uniformly provide an improved understanding of which street segments remained crime hot spots. Program evaluations of hot spots policing strategies do not need to use extended periods of time to observe stability in crime hot spots. The criminology of place should provide more attention to the topic of temporal specification and continue exploring the utility of crime hot spots.
Stereotactic and endoscopic treatment of the trapped temporal horn

Abstract Background Current treatment of a trapped temporal horn consists primarily of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunting. Objective As a less invasive alternative, we examined an endoscopic-stereotactic approach to connect the trapped temporal horn with the prepontine cistern. Methods Six patients with different etiology of entrapment were studied. Using frame-based stereotaxy, image fusion and endoscopy a Rickham catheter was placed connecting both compartments. Results After median follow-up of 22.1 ± 7.8 months all patients improved symptomatically and the size of the temporal horn was normalized. No morbidity was encountered. Conclusion Endoscopic-stereotactic internal shunting of trapped temporal horns into the prepontine cistern can be done with favorable risk profile, and it offers an elegant alternative to traditional VP shunting, by avoiding the inherent complications.
How Do We Get There

This chapter offers a roadmap for change. The problem, now defined as a struggle to help young people develop into citizens ready to participate in a democratic system, has been explored, and this chapter offers practical steps for families, school systems, and teachers to take. It suggests practical ways to introduce complicated conversations into all classrooms. It further argues that educational systems must change in order to put more emphasis on civics education and teaching young people the skills needed to have complicated conversations.
Conducting CFA on Systems Thinking Instrument (Presentation Slides)

The Instrument to Assess Capacity for Systems Thinking was developed to measure individual systems thinking capacity, providing a useful baseline to facilitate agent-assignments, training, and education for effective complex systems problems. The research-based instrument generates systems thinking profiles by capturing the state of individual inclination toward systemic thinking as well as a preference for engaging and solving complex system problems. Researchers perform confirmatory factor analysis to verify the factor structure of the construct and evaluate construct validity.
I Felt Like a Terrible Mom: Parenting-Related Cognitive Processes Maintaining Maternal Depression

Symptoms of depression are often self-sustaining through maladaptive social and cognitive processes. For mothers, parent–child relationships may be a central interpersonal context in which such processes occur. The current study evaluated whether mothers with elevated depressive symptoms differ in cognitive-emotional experiences of parent–child interactions (i.e., more intense maternal guilt, greater self-blame for difficult interactions, observations of more negative child affect), and whether these tendencies contribute to symptom severity one month later. Amazon MTurk was used to recruit mothers (N = 212 at baseline; N = 180 (85%) at one-month follow-up) of children in one of three developmental periods (early childhood, school age, adolescence). Mothers completed online measures of maternal and child symptoms, observations of children’s emotions, and open-ended prompts about emotional parent–child interactions. Narrative responses were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software. Indirect effects (depression T1 → maternal guilt and self-blame → depression T2) and moderated mediational paths were tested. Mothers with elevated depression used more negative words and showed greater self-focus when recollecting guilt incidents, and attributed more responsibility to themselves for their children’s difficult emotions. Negative guilt intensity and self-blame functioned as parallel indirect effects contributing to depressive symptoms one month later, but the magnitude of effects depended on mothers’ observations of happiness and frustration in her child. While a tendency towards maternal guilt and self-blame may sustain maternal depression symptoms, experiencing one’s child as happier or less frustrated could have protective effects for depressed mothers.
Evolution of Operability-Based Performance Metrics for Assessment of Mission Performance

Nowadays, electric warships are involved in complex missions involving multiple simultaneous operations. In order to ensure mission success, future ships must be designed in a way that optimizes their performance in presence of complex mission loads. The metric operability has played a major role in assessing mission performance. This paper discusses the evolution of this metric from fixed load-based early-stage shipboard electrical system design to the current approaches of using dynamic mission profiles. Results for a notional two-function problem involving multiple missions are shown to demonstrate the current state of operability-based approaches for the evaluation of power system performance.
Selection of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Binding Peptides

To provide cell-binding ligands for ex vivo gene therapy and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-targeting ligands for in vivo drug and gene therapy, we selected 44 20-mer peptides from peptide-presenting phage libraries by panning against primary patient CLL cancer cells. Twenty-nine of the selected peptides were assayed for cell binding. Eight of the selected peptides bound CLL cells, B cells, T cells, and monocyte cells, 12 bound only CLL cells and B cells, and 1 peptide bound only B cells. However, eight of the selected peptides were CLL specific. When two of the peptides were tested out of the context of phage, the synthetic peptides were able to bind cells and functionally retarget adenovirus to increase ex vivo gene delivery to primary CLL cells. These data demonstrate the ability to identify lead cancer-targeting peptides by selection of phage libraries against primary human cancers cells.
Getting Real: A Student Perspective on Benefits and Challenges of Incorporating Industry Projects into the Classroom

Learning through industry collaborations in classroom activities is critical in decreasing the gap between the real world and the academic environment. Challenges drawn from industry can increase student knowledge and future employability (Collins, Curtis, Curtis & Stevenson, 2007; Cox & King, 2006; Fleischmann, 2011). Yet, most academic programs focus largely on increasing student cognitive skills and few incorporate activities using industry collaborations (Fleischmann, 2011). Such collaborations are especially critical for industry-based majors, such as textiles and apparel. This is particularly crucial given research findings that academic curricula largely lack “an integration of both industry and the academy” (Wright, Cushman & Nicholson, 2002, p. 122).
Hardware/Software Codesign of Processors: Concepts and Examples

Today, many VLSI designs are processors at the core. Microprocessors are one obvious example; however, other examples abound. Many special-purpose, embedded controllers consist of a microprocessor, at least at the core. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are special-purpose processors. Special-purpose engines for functions such as graphics and video or audio processing are essentially processors, some using microcode implemented in a ROM or PLA and others using code stored in a RAM. The key aspect of all these designs is that they require the development of both hardware and software to make a successful machine.
Monoclonal antibody recognition and function of a DnaK (HSP70) epitope found in gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract The isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MAb 2G5) specific for the bacterial DnaK (HSP70) protein is described. The 2G5 MAb was initially selected because of its ability to bind to DnaK under denaturing conditions. Isotype analyses indicated that 2G5 was an immunoglobulin G2a. Dose-response Western blot (immunoblot) experiments with purified but unconcentrated 2G5 permitted detection of 10 ng of pure DnaK protein. The DnaK epitope was determined by Western blot analysis of a series of truncated DnaK fragments overproduced in Escherichia coli using 5' and 3' dnaK-deleted expression plasmids. The epitope mapped to a 22-amino-acid region spanning DnaK residues 288 and 310. Phylogenetic distribution of the epitope was examined by Western blot analysis of a wide variety of bacterial species and indicated that the epitope was uniquely present in gram-negative organisms. The proximity of the epitope to the presumed DnaK ATP-binding pocket suggested that MAb binding might inhibit DnaK ATPase activity. In vitro analysis supported this prediction and demonstrated that MAb-mediated inhibition of ATPase activity was antibody specific and occurred at stoichiometric molar ratios of MAb to DnaK. Possible mechanisms to explain the ability of the 2G5 MAb to inhibit DnaK activity are discussed.
Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations

Experimental observation of nucleon instability is one of the missing key components required for the explanation of baryon asymmetry of the universe. Proton decays with the modes and rates predicted by(B-L)-conserving schemes of Grand Unification are not observed experimentally. There are reasons to believe that (B-L) might not be conserved in nature, thus leading to the nucleon decay into lepton+(X) and to phenomena such as Majorana masses of neutrinos, neutrinoless double-beta decays, and most spectacularly to the transitions of neutron to anti-neutron. The energy scale where (B-L) violation takes place cannot be predicted by theory and therefore has to be explored by experiments. Different experimental approaches to searching for (B-L)-violating transition of neutron to antineutron are discussed in this paper. Most powerful search for neutron to antineutron transitions can be performed in a new reactor-based experiment at HFIR reactor (ORNL) where sensitivity can be >1,000 times higher than in the previous experiments.
Families of Soft-Metal-Ion-Transporting ATPases

Life undoubtedly first arose in waters rich in metal ions. Since most metal ions are toxic in excess, it is reasonable to speculate that metal resistances probably evolved early, predating antibiotic resistances. This minireview focuses on transport ATPases that produce resistance to ions of the
Spatial and Temporal Coordination of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Activity During Arteriogenesis: Regulation of the Endogenous Response and Therapeutic Implications

Arterial occlusive disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the developed world, which creates a significant need for effective therapies to halt disease progression. Despite success of animal and small-scale human therapeutic arteriogenesis studies, this promising concept for treating arterial occlusive disease has yielded largely disappointing results in large-scale clinical trials. One reason for this lack of successful translation is that endogenous arteriogenesis is highly dependent on a poorly understood sequence of events and interactions between bone marrow derived cells (BMCs) and vascular cells, which makes designing effective therapies difficult. We contend that the process follows a complex, ordered sequence of events with multiple, specific BMC populations recruited at specific times and locations. Here, we present the evidence suggesting roles for multiple BMC populations-from neutrophils and mast cells to progenitor cells-and propose how and where these cell populations fit within the sequence of events during arteriogenesis. Disruptions in these various BMC populations can impair the arteriogenesis process in patterns that characterize specific patient populations. We propose that an improved understanding of how arteriogenesis functions as a system can reveal individual BMC populations and functions that can be targeted for overcoming particular impairments in collateral vessel development.
Applications of adaptive control to a robotic welder

Research on the adaptive control of a nonminimum-phase linear system is described. A class of adaptive control laws which do not require projection of the parameter estimates is proposed. These control laws are based upon the creation of an auxiliary model. By designing a control law for the auxiliary model, a generalization of model reference adaptive control for the original system is obtained. A robotic welder is currently being used as a testbed for these theoretical results. Previous observations are described and future work is discussed. >
Elastic Reflection of Atoms from Crystals

The reflection of atoms by a crystal surface is examined by a modification of the Born collision method. The fraction of reflections in which all the normal coordinates of the crystal remain unaltered is found to be approximately $U={e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}(\frac{{m}_{A}}{{m}_{B}}){(\frac{{t}_{A}}{\ensuremath{\Theta}})}^{2}(\frac{{t}_{B}}{\ensuremath{\Theta}})}{(1+\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}d}{\ensuremath{\lambda}})}}.$ ${m}_{A}$, ${m}_{B}$ are the masses of the reflected atom $A$ and of the lattice atoms, respectively. The energy of atom $A$ is $k{t}_{A}$. The temperature of the lattice is ${t}_{B}$. $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ is the characteristic temperature of the lattice. $d$ is the distance in which the mutual repulsion between atom $A$ and lattice atoms falls to one e'th its value. $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the de Broglie wave-length of atom $A$. For reflection of H atoms on LiF at room temperature, $U$ is estimated to be 0.9. When $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ and ${t}_{A}$ are comparable, those normal coordinates are found to be most readily excited which have the lowest frequency.
Chemical characterization of the component of the jelly coat from sea urchin eggs responsible for induction of the acrosome reaction

Abstract Jelly coat, a multicomponent extracellular matrix surrounding the sea urchin egg, induces the acrosome reaction in sperm. The jelly coats of the four species studied, Arbacia punctulata, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis , and Lytechinus variegatus , were found to be very similar in chemical composition. A sialoprotein (approximately 20% of the mass of the jelly coat) and a fucose sulfate polysaccharide (approximately 80%) are the major macromolecular components of the jelly coat. The acrosome reaction inducing capacity resides solely in the fucose sulfate polysaccharide. Induction of the acrosome reaction ranges from highly species specific to nonspecific. Thus, A. punctulata and S. drobachiensis sperm are induced to undergo the acrosome reaction only with their homologous jelly coat, while S. purpuratus sperm react equally well with homologous or L. variegatus jelly coat, but not with A. punctulata jelly coat. L. variegatus sperm seem to be relatively nonspecific in response. Species-specific induction of the acrosome reaction resides solely in the fucose sulfate polysaccharide, suggesting that there must be structural differences in this polysaccharide in the various species. Therefore, in some species, fertilization appears to involve sperm-egg recognition at the level of the jelly coat as well as at the level of sperm-egg receptors.
Evaluation of the VeriDose QC phantom

Daily, monthly, and annual quality control (QC) of linear accelerators are part of the major tasks of the medical physicist to verify that patients are receiving proper radiation treatment. The control tests consist of the measurement of beam output, verification of the beam energy, and determination of the beam flatness and symmetry in a linear accelerator. A new device, referred to as QC phantom, was designed and fabricated for the QC of linear accelerators. This device is accompanied by software generating the reports of all measured data, keeping track of day-to-day data, and plotting the results. The accuracy, reproducibility, and linearity of the QC phantom were evaluated in this project. Also, the user friendliness of this device for morning warmup of linear accelerators was tested.
Strategic integration of customers and channels

The challenge for financial services organisations is to understand the impact that new channels will have on their existing branch network and customer base both now and in the future. This paper offers a practical approach to understanding the steps involved and introduces two new market-specific tools designed to aid financial services organisations in quantifying this demand. The paper concludes by looking at trends in channel management and channel integration with specific reference to the US asset management marketplace.
Irreversible inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase by fluorophosphate.

The inactivation of phosphorylase phosphatase by fluorophosphate is described. The inactivation is dependent upon time and concentration of fluorophosphate and cannot be reversed by removal of fluorophosphate from the enzyme. Acid hydrolysis of fluorophosphate destroys the capacity for inhibition. The inactivation exhibits saturation kinetics. A dissociation constant for the enzyme-fluorophosphate complex and a rate constant for the reaction were calculated to be 5.5 × 10−3 M and 0.22 min−1, respectively. A competitive inhibitor, phosphate, protects the enzyme against inactivation. The data are consistent with an irreversible covalent modification of the active site of phosphorylase phosphatase by fluorophosphate.