cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of Lymphoma in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Background & Aims: A number of immunosuppressive therapies have not been associated with clinical benefit in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The use of more potent immunomodulatory therapies, however, could raise concerns over the risk of adverse effects such as the development of lymphoma. Therefore, we sought to describe the frequency, clinical spectrum, and outcomes among patients with PBC and a concomitant diagnosis of lymphoma. Methods: Patients with PBC evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1976–December 31, 1997 comprised the study cohort. Medical records were abstracted for demographic and clinical information including the temporal relationship between diagnoses and potential risk factors for lymphoma. Results: From a total of 2192 patients, the frequency of lymphoma was observed at 0.6% (13 cases). The majority of patients (54%) had PBC before they were diagnosed with lymphoma, whereas 23% of cases were diagnosed in conjunction with PBC. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (69%) was observed in most cases with disease involvement above the diaphragm (38%). Treatment in the form of chemotherapy (n = 3), radiation (n = 2), and surgery (n = 6) was provided for 11 patients. Seven (54%) patients did not have evidence for recurrent disease, whereas 3 (23%) patients died of progressive lymphoma. Conclusions: The baseline risk for lymphoma in patients with PBC is estimated at
Phylogenetics of Sigmodontinae (Rodentia, Muroidea, Cricetidae), with special reference to the akodont group, and with additional comments on historical biogeography

This is the first cladistic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Two most parsimonious cladograms (7410 steps in length; CI=0.199; RI=0.523) were discovered. Sigmodontinae appears well supported. Sigmodon is sister to the remaining living sigmodontines. It is shown that Euneomys is not a phyllotine and that the Reithrodon group is not monophyletic. Results corroborate that the abrothricines form a natural group that is not part of the akodont radiation. The akodontine tribe is well supported, and is composed of five main clades, whose limits and relationships are thoroughly discussed. For instance, the scapteromyines do not form a natural group and they fall within the akodontine clade. Additionally, I present some taxonomic judgments and comments on the historical biogeography of sigmodontines in the light of the newly discovered relationships. For example, five akodontine divisions are suggested: the Akodon, the Bibimys, the Blarinomys, the Oxymycterus, and the Scapteromys Divisions. It is shown that traditional hypotheses of sigmodontine historical biogeography are falsified by the recovered topology.
Spousal Disagreement in the Reporting of Physical Violence Against Wives in Southern Egypt

Using data from a probability sample of 943 married women and men in Assiut and Souhag, Egypt, we explored spousal reports of lifetime physical intimate partner violence (IPV) against wives and the determinants of spousal disagreement overall and by type. More than one third of wives and about one third of husbands reported wife beating since marriage. More than one quarter of couples disagreed about its occurrence, usually because wives reported wife beating when their husbands did not. Wife-yes-husband-no and wife-no-husband-yes disagreements were more common among couples who were married for more than 7 years, suggesting poor recall by either spouse of distant events, an unwillingness of husbands and wives to disclose a distant event, or variable within-couple definitions of what constitutes wife beating. Wife-yes-husband-yes and wife-yes-husband-no responses were more common among wives with little or no schooling, suggesting that these women were more likely to experience physical IPV and to have hu...
Serum Amyloid A Stimulates PKR Expression and HMGB1 Release Possibly through TLR4/RAGE Receptors

Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are known to be surrogate markers of sepsis, but their pathogenic roles remain poorly elucidated. Here we provide evidence to support a possible role of SAA as a pathogenic mediator of lethal sepsis. In a subset of septic patients for which serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels paralleled the clinical scores, some anti-HMGB1 antibodies detected a 12-kDa protein belonging to the SAA family. In contrast to the most abundant SAA1, human SAA induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) expression and HMGB1 release in the wild-type, but not toll-like receptor 4/receptor for advanced glycation end products (TLR4/RAGE)-deficient, macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of PKR phosphorylation blocked SAA-induced HMGB1 release, suggesting an important role of PKR in SAA-induced HMGB1 release. In animal models of lethal endotoxemia and sepsis, recombinant SAA exacerbated endotoxemic lethality, whereas SAA-neutralizing immunoglobulins G (IgGs) significantly improved animal survival. Collectively, these findings have suggested SAA as an important mediator of inflammatory diseases. Highlights of this study include: human SAA is possibly only expressed in a subset of septic patients; SAA induces HMGB1 release via TLR4 and RAGE receptors; SAA supplementation worsens the outcome of lethal endotoxemia; whereas SAA-neutralizing antibodies confer protection against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis.
Cortistatin is endogenous to the human intervertebral disc and exerts in vitro mitogenic effects on annulus cells and a downregulatory effect on TNF-α expression.

Abstract Background context Cortistatin (CST) is a recently discovered cyclic neuropeptide with biologic anti-inflammatory properties relevant to disc degeneration. Purpose To test whether CST is present in the disc tissue, whether its expression is influenced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and whether it influences cell proliferation. Study design Institutional review board–approved study using immunohistochemistry on human disc tissue, in vitro annulus cultures to determine the effect of CST on cell proliferation, and the effect of TNF-α on CST gene expression. Patient sample Discs from 12 subjects used for immunohistochemistry, four annulus specimens used for cell culture with proinflammatory cytokines, and 11 used for cell proliferation analyses. Outcome measures Immunohistochemical localization of CST, gene expression of CST, and cell proliferation analyses. Methods Immunohistochemistry localized CST in disc tissue. Microarray analysis measured CST gene expression. Human annulus cells were exposed to CST for proliferation tests or cultured for the effect of TNF-α on CST expression. Standard statistical analyses were performed. Results Immunohistochemistry identified CST in outer annulus, inner annulus, and nucleus tissue. Annulus cells exposed to TNF-α revealed significantly lower CST expression (p=.013). Exposure to CST significantly increased proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also confirmed expression of CST in vitro. Conclusions Data provide the first evidence that CST is present in the human disc. Addition of CST significantly increased cell proliferation. Cortistatin expression was significantly downregulated by TNF-α exposure in vitro. Findings suggest possible in vivo reduction of the anti-inflammatory actions of CST because of elevated proinflammatory cytokines during degenerating disc.
Facing the Coastal Challenge: Modeling Coastal Erosion in Southern California

Erosion due to natural and human activities poses a challenge to the future of California’s coast. A process-based coastal evolution model is being developed to evaluate the past, present, and future rates of erosion of the southern California coast and present this dynamic environment in a visual format. The model consists of a mobile sediment transport component and a bedrock cutting component, both coupled and operating in varying time and space domains determined by sea level and boundaries of the littoral cell. We will utilize retrospective data from geomorphology, tectonics, sea level, climate, and paleoecology to investigate erosional and depositional processes and rates of change. Correlating the earlier shorelines with past climate conditions and time-stepping the ancient coastlines forward to the modern coastline will serve to validate the model. The model then will project the future evolution of the coastline using three scenarios: a most likely change, a minimum change, and a maximum change based on climate projections and possible human interventions. Our goals are to make this modeling technology and 3D visualization accessible to coastal planners and to advance public understanding of coastal evolution.
Role of chloride in potassium transport through a K-Cl cotransport system in human red blood cells

In this paper, we report experiments demonstrating the coupling of Cl and K movements in a volume-dependent K-Cl cotransport system in human red blood cells. We show that an outwardly directed Cl gradient can promote net K efflux against an inwardly directed K gradient at constant membrane potential. Red blood cell membrane potential was kept constant by using anions that are not transported through the K-Cl cotransport system but that are more permeable than Cl (NO3 and SCN). Under these conditions, when the activities of band 3 (capnophorin)-mediated anion exchange and of the carbonic anhydrase have been inhibited, it is possible to maintain a Cl gradient at constant membrane potential. Similar data were obtained in human red blood cells (least dense fraction from normal subjects and whole blood from patients with homozygous hemoglobin S disease), in rabbit red blood cells, and in low-K sheep red blood cells. These data confirm that the volume-dependent Cl-dependent K movement in these cells operates through coupled K-Cl cotransport.
Abstract 2425: Mechanisms of neuroblastoma metastasis to bone

The molecular pathways leading to neuroblastoma (NBL) development and progression are understudied despite the fact this tumor is responsible for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis in NBL, and over 90% of children with NBL bone metastasis will die. Therefore, the goal of this study is to elucidate the cell-signaling pathways responsible for the destruction of bone. Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta both are involved in osteoclastogenesis. PTHrP travels through the circulation to the bones, where it triggers a chain of event that encourages the dissolution of bone minerals by osteoclast. Moreover, PTHrP results in the mobilization of calcium ions, which travel back via the circulatory system allowing osteoclast differentiation to go unchecked, therefore providing further destruction to the bone microenvironment. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) is a protein which controls proliferation, cellular differentiation and other functions in most cells. Since TGF-β and the SMAD family of proteins modulate the activity TGF-β and its association with osteoclasts, we formulated the hypothesis that osteoclastogenesis occurs during NBL bone metastasis through PTHrP and TGF-β. NBL is a heterogeneous tumor consisting of neuronal (n) and stromal (s) cells, with metastatic cells predominantly of the n type. In our study, we focused on four NBL cell lines: IMR-32 (n), SH-SY5Y (n), SK-N-AS (s), SK-N-SH (s). Conditioned media collected from IMR32 NBL cells induces osteoclast precursors to fuse into multinucleated, TRAP positive cells, indicative of osteoclast differentiation. Whole cell lysates were collected and Western immunoblotting performed for PTHrP. We report that the more tumorigenic cells, SH-SY5Y and IMR32, express higher levels of PTHrP than the s lines SK-N-AS and SK-N-SH. These data indicate that PTHrP may be involved in NBL bone metastasis. We are currently analyzing the effects of TGF-β on NBL and the role of these proteins in NBL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2425
Assessment of Structural Glaucoma Progression.

Purpose To provide an update on the role of optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer imaging in monitoring glaucoma progression. Methods Review of literature. Results Imaging technologies, such as optical coherence tomography, scanning laser polarimetry, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, objectively and quantitatively measure the structural change associated with glaucoma. Rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and rim area loss are significantly faster in progressing compared with nonprogressing subjects. A number of strategies to detect progression have been proposed. The precision of these methods is generally high. However, there is no agreement as to which instrument or parameter is most appropriate for the evaluation of structural progression associated with glaucoma at this moment. The agreement between structural and functional glaucoma progression is generally poor regardless of the strategies used. Structural progression analyses appear to complement visual field progression analyses, detecting a different subset of progressing subjects. Summary Imaging devices are promising tools for monitoring patients with glaucoma. Combining structural and functional analyses is useful for accurate monitoring of glaucoma progression. How to cite this article Miki A. Assessment of Structural Glaucoma Progression. J Current Glau Prac 2012;6(2):62-67.
Green Cloverworm Populations in Iowa Soybean with Special Reference to Sampling Procedure

Larval populations of Plathypeana scabra (F.) were sampled in Iowa soybean during the summers of 1968-70. Intensive (small plots) and extensive (broad area) sampling programs allowed comparison of fumigation-cage, shake, sweep-net, vacuum-net, and pitfall collection techniques. Samples from the intensive program near Ames, Iowa, showed an earlier peak in 1968, an outbreak year, than in 1969, a non outbreak year. The 1968 peak occurred during the critical period of soybean pod development and bean fill which created a greater potential for economic loss than in other years. Samples from the extensive program indicated higher populations across Iowa in 1969 than in 1970, and population peaks occurred late in the season and offered little potential for economic loss. Population trends were generally concordant throughout the State. Comparison of sampling procedures in the intensive program showed that the cage technique was most precise but that the sweep-net technique gave greater relative net precision (based on precision and cost). Sweep-net samples demonstrated great fidelity to cage samples (r = 0.92), but pitfall samples did not (r = 0.(9). None of the sampling techniques used in the Ames intensie program showed larval age-class bias. Shake samples would require more study for proper evaluation. Sweep-net and vacuum-net technique comparisons in the extensive program indicated that the sweep-net technique again was superior. Although sweep-net and vacuum-net samples were highly correlated (r = 0.94), the vacuum-net technique was less precise, more expensive, and showed age-class bias.
Identity challenges: facing the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences.

Founded the biopolitics Life in Sciences 1980, as a recognized the (APLS) Association field sought and for to Politics to integrate establish and Founded the Life Sciences (APLS) sought to establish b opol tics s a recognized field and o i tegrate biologically based research methods into mainstream political science. The association's founders established these goals to encourage a generation of scholars and promote the spread of biopolitical knowledge. There was early success when the American Political Science Association (APSA) recognized biopolitics as an organized section. However, this development did not leave an appreciable imprint on the political science profession and the experiment conjoining the two did not last long. The other goal of the founders, to integrate biologically based research methods into mainstream political science, faced more formidable obstacles and still faces challenges, though not without some progress.
Does breastfeeding duration decrease child obesity? An instrumental variables analysis

SummaryBackground Many studies have documented that breastfeeding is associated with a significant reduction in child obesity risk. However, a persistent problem in this literature is that unobservable confounders may drive the correlations between breastfeeding behaviors and child weight outcomes. Objective This study examines the effect of breastfeeding practices on child weight outcomes at age 2. Methods This study relied on population-based data for all births in Oregon in 2009 followed for two years. We used instrumental variables methods to exploit variations in breastfeeding by mothers immediately after delivery and the degree to which hospitals encouraged mothers to breastfeed in order to isolate the effect of breastfeeding practices on child weight outcomes. Results We found that for every extra week that the child was breastfed, the likelihood of the child being obese at age 2 declined by 0.82% [95% CI −1.8% to 0.1%]. Likewise, for every extra week that the child was exclusively breastfed, the likelihood of being obese declined by 0.66% [95% CI −1.4 to 0.06%]. While the magnitudes of effects were modest and marginally significant, the results were robust in a variety of specifications. Conclusion The results suggest that hospital practices that support breastfeeding may influence childhood weight outcomes.
Experiences in teaching of the combined application of graphics and multimedia in diagnostic ultrasound of pediatrics

The students of pediatrics are short of time for studying diagnostic ultrasound,lack of practice opportunities,not familiar to image understanding,so teaching this course is difficult.Through the combination of timely using graphics and multimedia in the teaching process,deepen the students of pediatrics to understand ultrasonic images,improve interest of learning and the teaching quality of this course.
Hyperbolic Plasmons and Topological Transitions Over Uniaxial Metasurfaces

We explore the unusual electromagnetic response of ultrathin anisotropic $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-near-zero uniaxial metasurfaces, demonstrating extreme topological transitions---from closed elliptical to open hyperbolic---for surface plasmon propagation, associated with a dramatic tailoring of the local density of states. The proposed metasurfaces may be implemented using nanostructured graphene monolayers and open unprecedented venues for extreme light confinement and unusual propagation and guidance, combined with large tunability via electric bias.
The End of the University

“Graduate education is the Detroit of higher learning.” So began a widely read and discussed 2009 op-ed in the New York Times by Mark Taylor, chair of the Department of Religion at Columbia University. Taylor’s op-ed, entitled “End the University as We Know It,”1 set out to establish a parallel between the devastating social consequences that followed manufacturing’s late acceptance of its decline in our current, globalized knowledge economy, and the way in which an outmoded contemporary higher education system is structurally set up to fail both its students and the United States, particularly with regard to its economic and civic goals. Doubling down on investments in the current model of higher education, on both the individual and collective level, would amount to as much folly as building dozens of new factories in Detroit because (1) graduate programs “produce a product for which there is no market” (a reference to, for instance, the glut of PhDs facing the trend of declining noncontingent faculty positions); (2) departments “develop skills for which there is a diminishing demand” (a reference to the kind of hyperspecialization you find in largely unread, prohibitively expensive academic journals); and (3) rising costs are likely to eat up investments anyhow and saddle students with crushing debt burdens (student loan debts overtook private credit card debt in 20102). “If American higher education is to thrive in the 21st century,” Taylor warns, it must be “competitively restructured” to be more “agile, adaptive, and imaginative,” three traits that one would never ascribe to U.S. manufacturing at the turn of this century.
Performances of Pronouns: Using Feminist Post-structuralism to Explore the Social Construction of Gender

This chapter explores how feminist poststructuralism can be used in the higher education classroom to facilitate critical and deconstructive conversations about sex and gender. First, I describe a number of important poststructural concepts that are used to deconstruct sex and gender. Next, I explain how, in my classes, I use each concept to disrupt essentialized and commonsensical understandings of sex and gender. I conclude with an exploration of how Judith Butler’s work, particularly her conceptualizations of gender performance, can be used in higher education classrooms to open up spaces of possibility and resistance.
Threefold Upconversion Laser at 0.851 µm, 1.23 µm and 1.73 µm in Er.YLF Pumped with a 1.54 µ Er Glass Laser.

The upconversion pumped solid state laser was first reported by L. F. Johnson and H. J. Guggenheim in 1971 with Yb3+ − Er3+ and Yb3+ − Ho3+ in a BaY2F8 crystal.1 Recently, upconversion pumped laser action was obtained by Pollack et. al. on the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition of Er3+ in CaF22 and in SrF2, YAG and YLF.3
Spatial updating of virtual displays

In four experiments, we examined observers’ ability to locate objects in virtual displays while rotating to new perspectives. In Experiment 1, participants updated the locations of previously seen landmarks in a display while rotating themselves to new views (viewer task) or while rotating the display itself (display task). Updating was faster and more accurate in the viewer task than in the display task. In Experiment 2, we compared updating performance during active and passive self-rotation. Participants rotated themselves in a swivel chair (active task) or were rotated in the chair by the experimenter (passive task). A minimal advantage was found for the active task. In the final experiments, we tested similar manipulations with an asymmetrical display. In Experiment 3, updating during the viewer task was again superior to updating during the display task. In Experiment 4, we found no difference in updating between active and passive self-movement. These results are discussed in terms of differences in sources of extraretinal information available in each movement condition.
MR image de-noising algorithm based on improved weickert structure tensor model

In allusion to P-M do not take the directional construction of local image into consideration, and to solve the false edge caused by using Weickert diffusion tensor to process the flat part of the image. A MR image de-noising algorithm based on improved Weickert diffusion tensor model has been proposed in this paper, by using continuous threshold, selecting appropriate eigenvalue modification method timely, and combining edge enhancement and coherent enhancement's eigenvalue together. Experiments are implemented on Lena image and brain MR images, and the average index of MSE, SNR, PSNR under different noise levels have been gotten. Compared to P-M model, EDD and CED, our algorithm achieved the best result. The experiment results showed that the algorithm can effectively remove noises from MR image.
History and Physical Examination for Shoulder Instability

Glenohumeral instability frequently occurs in young active individuals especially those engaged in athletic and military activities. With advanced imaging and arthroscopic evaluation, our understanding of the injury patterns associated with instability has significantly improved. The majority of instability results from a traumatic anterior event which presents with common findings in the history, examination, and imaging studies. As such, a comprehensive evaluation of the patient is important to correctly diagnose the instability patterns and thus provide appropriate treatment intervention. With the correct diagnosis and improved surgical techniques, the majority of patients with instability can return to preinjury levels.
Human amygdala tracks a feature-based valence signal embedded within the facial expression of surprise

Human amygdala function has been traditionally associated with processing the affective valence (negative vs positive) of an emotionally charged event, especially those that signal fear or threat. However, this account of human amygdala function can be explained by alternative views, which posit that the amygdala might be tuned to either (1) general emotional arousal (activation vs deactivation) or (2) specific emotion categories (fear vs happy). Delineating the pure effects of valence independent of arousal or emotion category is a challenging task, given that these variables naturally covary under many circumstances. To circumvent this issue and test the sensitivity of the human amygdala to valence values specifically, we measured the dimension of valence within the single facial expression category of surprise. Given the inherent valence ambiguity of this category, we show that surprised expression exemplars are attributed valence and arousal values that are uniquely and naturally uncorrelated. We then present fMRI data from both sexes, showing that the amygdala tracks these consensus valence values. Finally, we provide evidence that these valence values are linked to specific visual features of the mouth region, isolating the signal by which the amygdala detects this valence information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is an open question as to whether human amygdala function tracks the valence value of cues in the environment, as opposed to either a more general emotional arousal value or a more specific emotion category distinction. Here, we demonstrate the utility of surprised facial expressions because exemplars within this emotion category take on valence values spanning the dimension of bipolar valence (positive to negative) at a consistent level of emotional arousal. Functional neuroimaging data showed that amygdala responses tracked the valence of surprised facial expressions, unconfounded by arousal. Furthermore, a machine learning classifier identified particular visual features of the mouth region that predicted this valence effect, isolating the specific visual signal that might be driving this neural valence response.
Corrigendum to “Brauer characters and normal Sylow p-subgroups” [J. Algebra 503 (2018) 265–276]

Abstract The statements of Claim (1) in the proofs of Theorems 2.6 and 3.3 in [1] are incomplete. In this corrigendum we fix these errors and some other typos.
Is Legal File Sharing Legal? An Analysis of the Berne Three-Step Test

“Just legalize file sharing.” This solution, long favored by peer-to-peer users everywhere, has recently been embraced by many academics. Although the phrase conjures up visions of a lawless wasteland where copyright is meaningless, such is not the case. Scholars have managed to develop alternative compensation systems that both legalize file sharing and increase artists’ earnings. These plans are well constructed, but one important aspect has been given little attention: under international law, is it legal for a country to legalize file sharing? Since the U.S. is a signatory to several copyright treaties, all domestic reforms must accord with our international obligations. In particular, any limitations on copyright have to pass the Berne three-step test, a notoriously nebulous standard. This Article argues that a carefully constructed alternative compensation system would pass the test and satisfy international copyright law. To reach this conclusion, the paper develops a framework for the Berne three-step test that has applications beyond the file-sharing domain.
Hormonal induction of enzyme functions, cyclic AMP levels and AIB transport in Morris hepatomas and in normal liver systems.

In a chapter on the “Biochemistry of Cancer”(57) I quoted F.F. Becker (6, p.v) “…despite these advances…one major problem exists…As we noted earlier, the problem is our inability to define the malignant cell” (Italics by Becker). In contrast I noted that H.C. Pitot (44, p.145) had reiterated his earlier view “…the fact still remains that the most significant biological and biochemical distinctions defining the neoplastic phenomenon are the abnormalities seen in the regulation of gene expression”.
Simmetrie fronte-retro in manufatti tessili del periodo pre-Inca

Le civilizzazioni precolombiane del Peru non avevano un linguaggio scritto e, per quanto ne sappiamo, nemmeno una matematica formalizzata, a eccezione del modo, ancora misterioso, in cui venivano registrate delle informazioni usando schemi realizzati con nodi fatti con mazzi di corde chiamati quipu. L’unica testimonianza, che e arrivata fino a noi, delle tradizioni descrittive e narrative delle loro culture, si trova nelle ceramiche e nei manufatti tessili. In entrambe queste aree, la loro produzione artistica e stata messa sullo stesso piano di quella delle piu sviluppate civilta. Tuttavia, nel design tessile queste civilta hanno evidenziato un gusto per le trasformazioni geometriche, che da al loro lavoro un contenuto intellettuale inimmaginabile in qualsiasi altra cultura tessile. Si e trattato di matematica ante litteram nel vero senso della parola: soltanto ai giorni nostri, avendo a disposizione la classificazione delle simmetrie e la grafica dei computer, e possibile duplicare gli schemi alla base di questi manufatti. Ad ogni modo, lo stimolo religioso e sociale e totalmente assente e per di piu, senza alcun’ombra di dubbio, l’artigianato tessile non potra mai raggiungere gli standard peruviani. Non assisteremo mai piu alla creazione di lavori intessuti di un tale rigore e una siffatta bellezza.
Etch track-directed growth of carbon nanotubes on graphite

Abstract Crystallographically-oriented nanotubes are grown on highly-etched graphite surfaces. The nanotubes are found to align along preferred crystal directions of the graphite surface along the same directions as etch tracks. This indicates that the nanotubes adhere to the etch tracks, which are themselves oriented along the three zigzag directions of the graphite surface. This nanotube adhesion to etch tracks is supported by nanotubes that are observed to grow on top of and adjacent to the etch tracks. The adhesion of nanotubes adjacent to etch tracks suggests that strain modes at the vicinity of exposed graphene edges may allow for a lower free energy for nanotubes to be located at these locations. Direct evidence of this adhesion of nanotubes to the tops of graphene step edges is observed through their nanomanipulation. These results demonstrate that a greater net load is required to dislodge a nanotube from an edge than is needed to drag the same tube to that edge.
Thyroseq V3 Molecular Profiling for Tailoring the Surgical Management of Hürthle Cell Neoplasms.

Hurthle cell predominant thyroid nodules often confound the diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with cytology often interpreted as a Hurthle cell lesion with an indeterminate risk of malignancy, Bethesda category (BC) III or IV. Molecular diagnostics for Hurthle cell predominant nodules has also been disappointing in further defining the risk of malignancy. We present a case of a slowly enlarging nodule within a goiter initially reported as benign on FNAB, BC II but on subsequent FNAB suspicious for a Hurthle cell neoplasm, BC IV. The patient had initially requested a diagnostic lobectomy for a definitive diagnosis despite a higher risk of malignancy based on the size of the nodule > 4 cm alone. To better tailor this patient's treatment plan, a newer expanded gene mutation panel, ThyroSeq® v3 that includes copy number alterations (CNAs) and was recently found to have greater positive predictive value (PPV) for identifying Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC), was performed on the FNAB material. Molecular profiling with ThyroSeq® v3 was able to predict a greater risk of carcinoma, making a more convincing argument in favor of total thyroidectomy. Surgical pathology confirmed a Hurthle cell carcinoma with 5 foci of angioinvasion and foci of capsular invasion.
Development of Intestinal Scaffolds that Mimic Native Mammalian Intestinal Tissue.

The goal of this study was to develop a scaffold for the generation of an artificial intestine that specifically mimics the architecture and biomechanical properties of the native small intestine, ...
The Social Production and Salience of Young Women’s Desire for Sex

Using data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study, a diverse sample of 925 women updated weekly for 2.5 years, I (1) describe how desire for sex varies across and within women during the transition to adulthood; (2) explore how desire corresponds with women's social circumstances and experiences; and (3) assess the relationship between desire for sex, sexual activity, and contraceptive use. The strength of young women's desire is heterogeneous across key demographic characteristics like religiosity and social class; changes after pivotal events like sexual debut; and varies with social ecology, such as friends' attitudes. When women more strongly desire sex they are more likely to have sex and to use hormonal contraception. Moreover, the association between desire and sex is especially pronounced when women are using a hormonal method. In contrast, when women more strongly desire sex they are less likely to use condoms or withdrawal, irrespective of hormonal use. These findings suggest that sexual desire is socially situated and relevant for both anticipatory and situational decisions about contraception. Foregrounding this desire thus greatly expands scholarly conceptualizations of women's sexual agency, young adult sexuality, and cognitive social models of sexual decision-making.
Dynamoelectric amplifiers

Much has been written recently concerning the theory and the operating characteristics of individual dynamoelectric amplifiers. This article serves to collect in one place the basic theoretical principles of all types of dynamoelectric amplifiers, describes some of the salient features of all these devices, and suggests means of predicting their performance.
Role of tungsten modifiers in bimetallic catalysts for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation activity and selectivity

Bimetallic catalysts consisting of a noble metal and an oxophilic modifier have shown promise for upgrading lignin-derived molecules through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). However, the mechanism of cooperation between the metals is not well understood currently. In this study, we investigated the HDO of gas-phase benzyl alcohol on W-modified Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. Our results show that bimetallic catalysts with an intermediate W loading have enhanced activity and selectivity for HDO compared to a baseline, monometallic Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Characterization of the active site through CO chemisorption and CO diffuse-reflectance infrared spectroscopy suggests that decarbonylation is suppressed on bimetallic catalysts through site blocking and electronic effects. Based on results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and titration with bases, enhancements in HDO activity were attributed to new active sites in the form of Bronsted acid centers on partially reduced WOx generated through a bifunctional H2 spillover interaction with Pt.
A 21 to 31 GHz Multi-Stage Stacked SOI Power Amplifier with 33% PAE and 18 dBm Output Power

This paper presents a compact two-stage K/Ka-band power amplifier (PA) implemented i n GlobalFoundries 4SRFSOI CMOS technology for fifth-generation (5G) millimeterwave phased arrays. The PA features a linear pre-driver stage with 1.6 V supply and a three-stack FET output stage with 3.6 V supply. Measurement results show that at 26 GHz, the PA achieves a peak gain of 16.6 dB and a saturated output power (P sat ) of 18.3 dBm with maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of 32.8%. The 1-dB compression point (P 1dB ) is 16.2 dBm with PAE of 29.7%. The PA operates across 21 to 31 GHz with P sat above 17.3 dBm and gain above 13.6 dB.
Untangling the role of interactions in police satisfaction: Examining direct and indirect contacts with the police:

Effective policing requires the support of the communities being served, a guiding principle that has been adopted by law enforcement across the country and around the world. To this end, scholars ...
Examination of signatures of recent positive selection on genes involved in human sialic acid biology

Sialic acids are nine carbon sugars ubiquitously found on the surfaces of vertebrate cells and are involved in various immune response-related processes. In humans, at least 58 genes spanning diverse functions, from biosynthesis and activation to recycling and degradation, are involved in sialic acid biology. Because of their role in immunity, sialic acid biology genes have been hypothesized to exhibit elevated rates of evolutionary change. Consistent with this hypothesis, several genes involved in sialic acid biology have experienced higher rates of non-synonymous substitutions in the human lineage than their counterparts in other great apes, perhaps in response to ancient pathogens that infected hominins millions of years ago (paleopathogens). To test whether sialic acid biology genes have also experienced more recent positive selection during the evolution of the modern human lineage, reflecting adaptation to contemporary cosmopolitan or geographically-restricted pathogens, we examined whether their protein-coding regions showed evidence of recent hard and soft selective sweeps. This examination involved the calculation of four measures that quantify changes in allele frequency spectra, extent of population differentiation, and haplotype homozygosity caused by recent hard and soft selective sweeps for 55 sialic acid biology genes using publicly available whole genome sequencing data from 1,668 humans from three ethnic groups. To disentangle evidence for selection from confounding demographic effects, we compared the observed patterns in sialic acid biology genes to simulated sequences of the same length under a model of neutral evolution that takes into account human demographic history. We found that the patterns of genetic variation of most sialic acid biology genes did not significantly deviate from neutral expectations and were not significantly different among genes belonging to different functional categories. Those few sialic acid biology genes that significantly deviated from neutrality either experienced soft sweeps or population-specific hard sweeps. Interestingly, while most hard sweeps occurred on genes involved in sialic acid recognition, most soft sweeps involved genes associated with recycling, degradation and activation, transport, and transfer functions. We propose that the lack of signatures of recent positive selection for the majority of the sialic acid biology genes is consistent with the view that these genes regulate immune responses against ancient rather than contemporary cosmopolitan or geographically restricted pathogens.
Coordinated Demand Response By Data Centers Using Inverse Optimization

Demand Response (DR) policies define the interactions between an energy supplier and its consumers and allow for customer energy regulation given a supplier request. Given the high flexibility and controllability of Data Centers (DC), they are promising candidates to participate in DR for power grid stabilization. In this work, we consider the setting where an energy supply deficit event occurs and must be addressed to avoid grid strain. We present two novel frameworks for DR, where a load aggregator offers price incentives to a set of consumer DCs so they can dynamically adjust their electricity consumption and provide DR to the grid via server usage reductions. Modeling DCs using realistic cost functions based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the DC workloads, we present a data-driven inverse optimization method to estimate DC cost function parameters for precise and efficient pricing and provide an algorithm for solving the inverse problem. Experimental results on two test cases demonstrate the benefits of our proposed DR mechanisms for energy control.
Identifying response and predictive biomarkers for Transcranial magnetic stimulation outcomes: protocol and rationale for a mechanistic study of functional neuroimaging and behavioral biomarkers in veterans with Pharmacoresistant depression

Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (‘TMS’) is becoming a gold standard treatment for pharmacoresistant depression, we lack neural target biomarkers for identifying who is most likely to respond to TMS and why. To address this gap in knowledge we evaluate neural targets defined by activation and functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-anchored cognitive control circuit, regions of the default mode network and attention circuit, and interactions with the subgenual anterior cingulate. We evaluate whether these targets and interactions between them change in a dose-dependent manner, whether changes in these neural targets correspond to changes in cognitive behavioral performance, and whether baseline and early change in neural target and cognitive behavioral performance predict subsequent symptom severity, suicidality, and quality of life outcomes. This study is designed as a pragmatic, mechanistic trial partnering with the National Clinical TMS Program of the Veteran’s Health Administration. Target enrollment consists of 100 veterans with pharmacoresistant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). All veterans will receive a clinical course of TMS and will be assessed at ‘baseline’ pre-TMS commencement, ‘first week’ after initiation of TMS (targeting five sessions) and ‘post-treatment’ at the completion of TMS (targeting 30 sessions). Veterans will be assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a cognitive behavioral performance battery, and established questionnaires. Multivariate linear mixed models will be used to assess whether neural targets change with TMS as a function of dose (Aim 1), whether extent and change of neural target relates to and predicts extent of behavioral performance (Aim 3), and whether extent of neural target change predicts improvement in symptom severity, suicidality, and quality of life (Aim 3). For all three aims, we will also assess the contribution of baseline moderators such as biological sex and age. To our knowledge, our study will be the first pragmatic, mechanistic observational trial to use fMRI imaging and cognitive-behavioral performance as biomarkers of TMS treatment response in pharmacoresistant MDD. The results of this trial will allow providers to select suitable candidates for TMS treatment and better predict treatment response by assessing circuit connectivity and cognitive-behavioral performance at baseline and during early treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04663481 , December 5th, 2020, retrospectively registered. The first veteran was enrolled October 30th, 2020.
Towards clinical ultrafast laser surgery for applications beyond ophthalmology

Ultrashort laser pulses can be used to achieve remarkable precision during surgical ablation. Thus far, the clinical potential of ultrafast laser microsurgery has barely begun to be realized, with clinical adoption limited to ophthalmic applications. One of the technological barriers to the adoption of this technology is the lack of a means to flexibly deliver the laser light to clinical sites in or on the patient. The goal of this talk is to provide an overview on the current state of clinical ultrafast laser surgery development in our lab and describe its potential use in 2 clinical applications.
Analysis of Hearing Loss and Physical Activity Among US Adults Aged 60-69 Years

Importance Hearing loss may be a modifiable factor associated with decreased physical activity in older adults. Objective To examine the association of hearing loss with objectively measured physical activity, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, light-intensity physical activity, sedentary behavior, and pattern of physical activity (physical activity fragmentation). Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected in the 2003 to 2004 cycle and analyzed in 2017 to 2020. Participants aged 60 to 69 years with complete audiometry, physical activity, and comorbidity data were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed from January 2017 to December 2020. Exposures Hearing defined by the pure tone average (PTA; range, 0.5-4 kHz) in the better ear, with normal PTA defined as less than 25 dB hearing loss, mild hearing loss defined as PTA 25 to less than 40 dB hearing loss, and moderate or greater hearing loss defined as a PTA greater than or equal to 40 dB hearing loss. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were comprehensive metrics of objectively measured physical activity, including time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, light-intensity physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and physical activity fragmentation. Linear regression was used to model the association between hearing loss and physical activity. Results Of the 291 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.53 [2.96] years), 139 (47.8%) were male, 48 (16.5%) had mild hearing loss, and 22 (7.6%) had moderate or greater hearing loss. After adjusting for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities, hearing loss (vs normal hearing) was significantly associated with less time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by 5.53 minutes per day (95% CI, −10.15 to −0.90 minutes per day), less time spent in light-intensity physical activity by 28.55 minutes per day (95% CI, −53.07 to −4.02 minutes per day), more time spent in sedentary behaviors by 34.07 minutes per day (95% CI, 8.32 to 59.82 minutes per day), and more fragmented physical activity pattern by 0.38 SD higher in active-to-sedentary transition probability (95% CI, to 0.10 to 0.65). The magnitude of the association of hearing loss (vs normal hearing) with physical activity metrics was equivalent to 7.28 years (95% CI, 3.19 to 11.37 years) of accelerated age for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 5.84 years (95% CI, 1.45 to 10.23 years) of accelerated age for light-intensity physical activity, and 10.53 years (95% CI, 2.89 to 18.16 years) of accelerated age for degree of physical activity fragmentation. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that hearing loss is associated with a worse physical activity profile. Whether interventions to address hearing loss in adults could improve physical activity profiles will require further study.