cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppressed Meanings in Narratives about Suffering: A Case from Papua New Guinea

There is a commonsense notion that prolonged suffering—whether from pain, illness, or loss—can change people by compelling them to see themselves and their world in a new, deeper way. They may seek solace and understanding by turning to culturally framed moral, religious, or medical explanations, but the suffering itself, by shattering complacency and undermining a sense of well-being, drives them to new views of self and place. Anthropologists have drawn upon the transformative potential of suffering to refine their ideas about how culture articulates with personal experience. One aim has been to show that people deal with suffering by building "illness narratives" out of meanings supplied by their cultural repertoire (Kleinman 1988). By making suffering meaningful, people are able to live with it. In this paper, I use case material from a Bumbita Arapesh man (Papua New Guinea) to suggest that while it is important to recognize the ultimate cultural basis of healing, it is equally important to attend to the rhetorical process underlying the construction of an illness narrative. I argue that building a personal narrative is both a psychological and a political activity, one that draws on deep motives as well as pragmatic interests. Because so much is at stake in building a successful narrative, the rhetorical process involves suppressing some meanings even while deploying others. In what follows, I outline a strategy for interpreting narratives that focuses on the point of tension between these expressed and suppressed meanings.
Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of vimentin in human peripheral lymphoid tissues

The distribution of the intermediate filament protein vimentin in peripheral lymphoid tissues was determined using a monoclonal antibody. Frozen sections of tissue were stained using an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. The antibody stained endothelial cells in spleen, lymph node, and tonsil. Unusual rod-like structures were revealed in the sinusoid-lining cells of the spleen. A variety of reticulum cells was detected, including fibroblastic reticulum cells, histiocytic reticulum cells (tingible body macrophages), and splenic marginal zone macrophages. Very few lymphocytes were immunoreactive. Only weak cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in lymphocytes of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath of the spleen. The monoclonal antibody employed appears to be of limited usefulness in detecting normal lymphocytes, but is strongly reactive with endothelial structures and some types of reticulum cells.
Sigma bond activation by transition metal ions: the Co(CH4)n+ systems revisited

Abstract Measurements are reported for sequential clustering of CH 4 to Co + ions under equilibrium conditions. The CH 4 cluster bond strengths show a pairwise behavior: −Δ H 0 0 = 23.1 and 25.3 kcal/mol for n = 1 and 2; 7.3 and 5.2 kcal/mol for n = 3 and 4; and ∼2 kcal/mol for both n = 5 and 6. This pairwise behavior is well reproduced by large basis set density functional theory calculations. These calculations indicate n = 1 and n = 2 add on opposite sides of the Co + ion in η 2 configuration and induce significant s/d hybridization on Co + . This hybridization both reduces Pauli repulsion and fosters sigma donation into the 4 s orbital on Co + . Clusters n = 3 and n = 4 add at 90° to the n = 1 and 2 line of centers forming a planar system. The s/d hybridization is unfavorable for these clusters resulting in longer Co + –C bond lengths and substantially reduced binding energies. To n = 5 and 6 ligands probably complete a pseudo octahedral complex and are very weakly bound, perhaps defining a second solvation shell. An impurity contributed substantially to the experimental peak at m/z = 123 corresponding to Co + (CH 4 ) 4 . The impurity was tentatively identified as O 2 Co + (CH 4 ) 2 and experimental protocals were developed to eliminate its impact on the data reported here. It is suggested this impurity could be responsible for published guided ion beam results that found a substantially larger binding energy for n = 4 than for n = 3 in contrast to what is reported here.
The Effects of Holding Time and Added Salt on pH and Functional Properties of Chicken Meat

Abstract The effects of salt addition and three postmortem holding times on the pH, water binding, and emulsifying capacities of broiler and hen breast and leg meat were determined. Broilers and hens were processed in a pilot plant; the skinless meat was stripped from uneviscerated, nonchilled carcasses; and initial pH values of breast and thigh muscles were made within 20 min postmortem. The four sublots of ground meat — breast without salt, breast with salt, leg without salt, and leg with salt — were held at 2 C, and samples were drawn at 1.5, 4, or 24 hr postmortem. Initial broiler breast muscle pH was lower than hen breast muscle, and breast muscle pH was lower than leg muscle pH for both classses. There were only small pH differences noted for the holding times. Salt addition significantly elevated the pH of breast meat but not of leg meat. Salt significantly improved the water-binding capacity of both meat types with the most pronounced increase noted for hen leg meat. Longer holding times in the presence of salt did not improve the water-binding capacity. Emulsifying capacity was significantly affected by holding time with less oil emulsified at 4 hr postmortem. Broiler meat emulsified significantly more oil than hen meat.
Purification of Trypanosoma brucei variable surface glycoproteins: analysis of degradation occurring during isolation.

Trypanosoma brucei variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs), isolated from some antigenic types of trypanosomes, degraded during isolation. We show that this degradation occurred immediately after breakage of the organism, presumably because of liberation of internal enzymes, and resulted in heterogeneity of isolated VSGs with respect to charge and/or molecular weight. Degradation and consequent heterogeneity of these VSGs could be abolished by releasing VSG from the trypanosome surface without breakage of the organism. The method was a modification of an incubation and shaking procedure initially described for Trypanosoma congolense (Reinwald, Rautenberg & Risse, 1979). WaTat 1.11 VSG released by this method and isolated, had a molecular weight (mol.wt) of 63000 and bound to a heterologous anti-VSG serum. VSG isolated from the same trypanosomes following breakage of organisms was of lower molecular weight. One such WaTat 1.11 VSG fragment of 42000 mol. wt, did not bind to the heterologous anti-VSG serum and therefore lacked cross-reacting antigenic determinants present in the 63000 mol. wt VSG.
Processing of the pre-beta-amyloid protein by cathepsin D is enhanced by a familial Alzheimer's disease mutation.

A major pre-P-amyloid proteinsps (APP,,,) processing activity from Alzheimer’s disease brain extracts was identified and found to be indistinguishable from the activity of cathepsin D.APP,, processing activity cleaved APP,,, into a series of fragments that reacted on immunoblots to a monoclonal antibody (C286.8a) against p-amyloid-( 1 -7)-peptide and cleaved N-dansyl-APP-(591601)-amide at the Glu-Val and Met-Asp bonds. Fragments of 5.5 kDa and 10-12 kDa were formed from the cleavage of APP,,, by cathepsin D at the Glu593-Val594 bond, and had the same Nterminus as a minor form of P-amyloid released by cells. The Lys595-Asn and Met.596-Leu substitutions found in a pedigree of familial Alzheimer’s disease, increased the cathepsin D-Catslyzed rate of accumulation of 5.5 kDa and 10-12 kDa C286.8a-reactive fragments 5-lofold. This substitution also increased the rate of N-dansyl-APP-(591-601)-amide cleavage at the Xaa-Asp bond by up to 41-fold. These observations suggest a role of cathepsin D in p-amyloid formation under certain circumstances.
Femtosecond photomodulation spectroscopy of a-Si:H and a-Si:Ge:H alloys in the midinfrared

We present the results of a low-intensity femtosecond pump and probe study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and its germanium alloys (a-Si:Ge:H) in the probe spectral regions of 0.52--0.81 and 1.19--1.48 eV. We find that the picosecond photoinduced change in the energy and time dependence of the complex dielectric constant is consistent with a model for the injected carrier relaxation which combines extended-to-tail and tail-to-tail thermal carrier transitions, and which uses an optical probe sensitivity to carriers in the localized tail states. The measurements on a-Si:H are in quantitative agreement with our model over the entire probe spectral range and from subpicosecond to nanosecond probe delay times; however, we find only qualitative agreement between the model and the pump-probe results of two series of a-Si:Ge:H alloys prepared under different conditions. Fits to the subpicosecond data of both the a-Si:H and a-Si:Ge:H samples indicate that the carriers are initially trapped into the tail states with a characteristic attempt frequency at least eight times higher than the rate at which they are subsequently trapped into deeper tail states.
Analysis of FMO genes and off flavour in pork

Off flavours in pork sometimes produce tastes such as sourness, fishy, metallic or other non-typical flavours and are often caused by low pH. Loss of function mutations in flavin containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3) are known to be associated with a fishy off flavour in both chicken eggs and cow's milk and a similar autosomal recessive disorder is present in humans resulting in a fishy odour. FMO3 is a member of a gene family that is clustered on human chromosome 1. Comparative mapping suggested that FMO3 and the remaining FMO genes (ex. FMO1 and FMO5) might map to the orthologous region on pig chromosome 9 (SSC9) where a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for off flavour was previously identified. Primers were designed to amplify FMO1, FMO3 and FMO5 gene fragments and several SNPs were discovered and genotyping tests developed. The genotypes from the Iowa State University Berkshire x Yorkshire resource population were used to linkage map FMO1 and FMO3 to SSC9 and FMO5 to pig chromosome 4 (SSC4). QTL and associations analyses were performed using the map containing FMO1 and FMO3. Results demonstrated that FMO3 and FMO1 mapped less than 1 cM away from the peak for the off flavour QTL previously detected on SSC9 and provide indications of an association between the FMO3 polymorphism and off flavour in pork.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using a Pseudocoherence Function in the Presence of Memoryless Nonlinearity

Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is critical for telecommunication applications involving two or more locations such as teleconferencing. It is also challenging because of loudspeaker's nonlinearity, real-time implementation requirement, and multipath effects of indoor environments. This paper addresses the nonlinear AEC problem. We use a Hammerstein model to describe the memoryless nonlinearity of loudspeaker concatenated with a linear room impulse response. We propose a method using a pseudo magnitude squared coherence (MSC) function to identify the nonlinearity in the Hammerstein system and develop an on-line AEC algorithm. Our method identifies nonlinearity without knowing the linear block in the Hammerstein system, which guarantees the stability of the algorithm and leads to a faster convergence rate. Moreover, several alternative criteria based on the MSC function are also proposed for nonlinearity identification. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated through computer simulations.
Effects of Acid Adaptation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Efficacy of Acetic Acid Spray Washes To Decontaminate Beef Carcass Tissue

Exposure to low pH and organic acids in the bovine gastrointestinal tract may result in the induced acid resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other pathogens that may subsequently contaminate beef carcasses. The effect of acid adaptation of E. coli O157:H7 on the ability of acetic acid spray washing to reduce populations of this organism on beef carcass tissue was examined. Stationary-phase acid resistance and the ability to induce acid tolerance were determined for a collection of E. coli O157:H7 strains by testing the survival of acid-adapted and unadapted cells in HCl-acidified tryptic soy broth (pH 2.5). Three E. coli O157:H7 strains that were categorized as acid resistant (ATCC 43895) or acid sensitive (ATCC 43890) or that demonstrated inducible acid tolerance (ATCC 43889) were used in spray wash studies. Prerigor beef carcass surface tissue was inoculated with bovine feces containing either acid-adapted or unadapted E. coli O157:H7. The beef tissue was subjected to spray washing treatments with water or 2% acetic acid or left untreated. For strains ATCC 43895 and 43889, larger populations of acid-adapted cells than of unadapted cells remained on beef tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments and these differences remained throughout 14 days of 4°C storage. For both strains, numbers of acid-adapted cells remaining on tissue following 2% acetic acid treatments were similar to numbers of both acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on tissue following water treatments. For strain ATCC 43890, there was no difference between populations of acid-adapted and unadapted cells remaining on beef tissue immediately following 2% acetic acid treatments. These data indicate that adaptation to acidic conditions by E. coli O157:H7 can negatively influence the effectiveness of 2% acetic acid spray washing in reducing the numbers of this organism on carcasses.
Differentiating mortality from delayed migration in subyearling fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

A total of 1154 acoustic-tagged subyearling fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were monitored during their movement through Lower Monumental Reservoir, Snake River, Washington, USA. A r...
Activating Transcription Factor/cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Family Member Regulated Transcription of CD1A

CD1a has a unique expression pattern among Ag-presenting molecules, expressed specifically on cortical thymocytes and APCs. As autoimmune disease, infection, and tumors can all result in alteration of CD1a expression, we are attempting to characterize the transcriptional regulation, and thus shed some light on specific expression, of CD1A. In this study, we have identified a minimal proximal promoter region required for CD1A transcription. Computer searches within this region identified numerous potential binding sites for lymphoid-specific transcription factors, including the ETS transcription factors, C/EBP, GATA, and CREB. Deletion and site-specific mutant analysis revealed a critical role of a potential cAMP response element (CRE) 965 bp upstream of the CD1A translation start site. Two activating transcription factor (ATF)/CREB family members, CREB-1 and ATF-2, are able to bind this site in vitro and in vivo. Notably, activation of ATF/CREB family members decreases CD1A transcription, while decrease in ATF-2 expression results in increased CD1A RNA level. The fact that these factors also bind the CD1A promoter in human monocytes strongly suggests a role for ATF/CREB family members in regulation of CD1A expression.
One to only two: a short history of the centrosome and its duplication

This review discusses some of the history of the fundamental, but not fully solved problem of how the centrosome duplicates from one to only two as the cell prepares for mitosis. We start with some of the early descriptions of the centrosome and the remarkably prescient but then controversial inferences drawn concerning its function in the cell. For more than 100 years, one of the most difficult issues for the concept of the centrosome has been to integrate observations that centrosomes appear to be important for spindle assembly in animal cells yet are not evident in higher plant cells and some animal cells. This stirred debate over the existence of centrosomes and their importance. A parallel debate concerned the role of the centrioles in organizing centrosomes. The relatively recent elucidation of bipolar spindle assembly around chromatin allows a re-examination of the role of centrioles in controlling centrosome duplication in animal cells. The problem of how centrosomes precisely double in preparation for mitosis in animal cells has now moved to the mystery of how only one procentriole is assembled at each mother centriole.
Nonlinear Mean Shift for Clustering over Analytic Manifolds

The mean shift algorithm is widely applied for nonparametric clustering in Euclidean spaces. Recently, mean shift was generalized for clustering on matrix Lie groups. We further extend the algorithm to a more general class of nonlinear spaces, the set of analytic manifolds. As examples, two specific classes of frequently occurring parameter spaces, Grassmann manifolds and Lie groups, are considered. When the algorithm proposed here is restricted to matrix Lie groups the previously proposed method is obtained. The algorithm is applied to a variety of robust motion segmentation problems and multibody factorization. The motion segmentation method is robust to outliers, does not require any prior specification of the number of independent motions and simultaneously estimates all the motions present.
Minor damage of cement mortar during cyclic compression, monitored by electrical resistivity measurement

Minor damage of cement mortar during cyclic compression in the elastic regime was monitored by measurement of the electrical resistivity in the stress direction. Defect generation (irreversible) resulted in an irreversible increase in the baseline resistivity as stress cycling progressed, whereas defect healing (reversible) resulted in a reversible decrease in the resistivity upon compression within a stress cycle. Defect generation was relatively significant in the early cycles and diminished upon cycling. As the cumulative damage increased, the extent of defect healing within a cycle also increased.
The New Economic History and the Burdens of the Navigation Acts: A Comment

IN a recent article, Gary Walton attempted to discover and then analyse the basic defects of three different measures of the burden of the Navigation Acts." Like Sir Francis Bacon, he sought a vantage point from which to survey "the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale below".2 The resulting evaluation unfortunately contributed more confusion than enlightenment to an already overcast landscape. In assessing the work of Lawrence Harper,3 Walton makes two mistakes. The first is to confuse the merits of Harper's techniques with the merits of his conclusions. By no stretch of generosity can Harper's measurement techniques be labelled anything but nonsensical.4 Walton provides no evidence to contradict this view. He nevertheless suggests that the only reason for preferring the measurements of Thomas over those of Harper is because the former are smaller than the latter.5 If a measure is nonsensical, its magnitude is irrelevant. To discredit Harper's estimation procedure is of course not to prove that his final conclusions are incorrect. It does prove that the measures in question cannot be used as supporting evidence for any given hypothesis. The second mistake of Walton is his assertion that Jonathan Hughes has "eloquently and persuasively defended Harper's conclusions".6 Three rather different questions were examined by Harper: (i) Did the entrepot provisions of the Navigation Acts place a heavy burden upon the colonists? (2) Was the overall impact of British mercantilism detrimental to colonial development? (3) To what extent were real economic burdens a contributing cause to the American Revolution? What Hughes Dointed out7 was that Robert Thomas's original articles
We are the ones that we have been waiting for: Political content in Alice Walker's novels☆

Abstract In this essay, I'd like to look at political concepts in Alice Walker's fiction, that is in her three novels and her two collections of short stories. There are two specific areas I'd like to focus on: (1) Walker's use of the interconnection between the domestic sphere (family, emotional relationships, etc.) and the social sphere, e.g. movements like the Civil Rights Movement, Women's Movement, in analysing sexism and racism; and in suggesting effective means to change. (2) Her use of black female protagonist who challenge ideologies, in the domestic and social sphere, e.g. the nationalist Black Muslims, the liberal Civil Rights Movement, the Women's Movement. Although these two areas seem to be large areas of concern and that it would seem that it would be practical to focus on only one of them, they intersect in Walker's work at critical points. Who does what and why is as important a political concept in her work as is her analysis of the intersection of the domestic and social sphere. Her fiction, as a whole, is an illustration of how inner personal transformation and wider social action are both necessary elements in an effective political philosophy.
Role of Temperature and Duration of the Crystallization Anneal in the Texture Development of YBCO Prepared by TFA-MOD

The preparation of thin film Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x by metalorganic deposition using trifluoroacetic acid and metal acetates (TFA-MOD) has gained attention in recent years as a less expensive alternative to high vacuum synthesis. In this method, a sol-gel precursor containing the metal cations is converted to YBCO via a three-stage heat treatment consisting of calcining, firing, and oxygenation. The focus of this study was to optimize the process conditions during the firing heat treatment to obtain strongly textured, high-Jc YBCO. Samples were prepared by depositing the metalorganic precursor onto lang100rang SrTiO3 substrates by dip coating. To ensure that film characteristics were attributable only to the crystallization anneal (i.e. firing), all other process steps were standardized based on earlier reports. The role of firing temperature was then investigated in the range of 700degC to 830degC with the duration held to four hours. After identifying the optimal processing temperature (in this case, 800degC) the duration was investigated in the range of one to six hours. A narrow processing window for obtaining a high degree of c-axis texturing was thereby identified and resulted in Jc values as high as 2.19 MA/cm2 for the film fired for 4 hours at 800degC.
Abstract PL06-04: Patient navigation and patient satisfaction with cancer-related care

Patient navigation represents a promising means to address racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in cancer-related outcomes. The Patient Navigation Research Program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society was designed to assess the impact of patient navigation on patient outcomes. Patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate cancer screening abnormalities and/or diagnosed cancer from nine sites across the country were assigned to patient navigators or to usual care. A trained patient navigator met with assigned patients, collaboratively assessed patient barriers to cancer-related care and sought to address patient barriers. Using a validated measure of patient satisfaction with cancer related care, this presentation compares scores from navigated and un-navigated patients and discusses implications of these findings. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):PL06-04.
‘Spontaneous’ sex reversal in organ cultures of the embryonic male gonad of the bird

The left embryonic testis of the bird (4–8 days of incubation) was organ cultured in medium that contained 10% foetal calf serum. Under these conditions, the germinal epithelium (GE) of the 4-day gonad differentiates into an ovarian cortex and the male primordial germ cells (PGCs) complete a developmental sequence similar to normal oocytes, i.e. they divide mitotically, develop a Balbiani body, divide synchronously in groups of two, four, and eight germ cells, and some enter pre-leptotene. No medullary tissue develops in the 4-day explants. The pieces of 6- and 8-day gonad differentiate into true ovotestes in which the GE develops into a cortex and the medulla develops into seminiferous cords. The PGCs in the cortex differentiate as oocytes and those in the seminiferous cords differentiate as spermatogonia. The possibility that biologically active oestrogens are present in the growth medium is discussed.
Past and Present Crystallographic Work at the NBS/NIST Reactor.

Neutron diffraction at NBS/ NIST started soon after the NBS reactor became operational in the summer of 1969. Since that time, literally hundreds of crystal structures have been determined and refined using single crystaland powder neutron diffraction data, collected with a variety of instruments. This work has been usually done in collaboration with other NBS/NIST divisions and/or universities and industrial laboratories. In parallel with the technical developments and the experimental work, also theoretical aspects of crystal geometry have been clarified, and significant improvements in the techniques of profile refinements have been made. It is therefore understandable that a comprehensive description of all the crystallographic studies carried out up to the present is impossible under the constraints of space and time imposed by a review of this type, and, in the following sections, we will limit ourselves to give, only a brief account of the topics which, in our opinion, represent the highlights of the work carried out at the reactor.
Mortality of American Troops in the Iraq War

We estimate the death rate of United States troops deployed to Iraq from the beginning of the US invasion through 30 September 2006. Eighty percent of the deaths in Iraq were combat-related. The death rate in Iraq is lower than that of the civilian population of the United States but substantially higher than that of young adults. It is much lower than the death rate of US troops in Vietnam, in part because a much smaller fraction die among those wounded in Iraq. We also estimate relative mortality levels for US troops according to numerous demographic variables through 30 November 2006. The risk of death in Iraq per deployment is shown to be highest for Marines; Naval and Air Force personnel in Iraq have lower death rates than the civilian population of comparable age. Other categories with above-average mortality in Iraq are enlisted troops, males, younger persons, and Hispanics.
Shear‐regulated uptake of nanoparticles by endothelial cells and development of endothelial‐targeting nanoparticles

The purpose of this research project was to develop nanoparticles with improved targeting, adhesion, and cellular uptake to activated or inflamed endothelial cells (ECs) under physiological flow conditions. Our hypothesis is that by mimicking platelet binding to activated ECs through the interaction between platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha (GP Ibalpha) and P-selectin on activated endothelial cells, GP Ibalpha-conjugated nanoparticles could exhibit increased targeting and higher cellular uptake in injured or activated endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. To test this hypothesis, fluorescent-carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles were selected for the study as a model particle because of its narrow size distribution as a "proof-of-concept." Using confocal microscopy, fluorescent measurements, and protein assays, cellular uptake properties were characterized for these polystyrene nanoparticles. The study also found that conjugation of 100-nm polystyrene nanoparticles with glycocalicin (the extracellular segment of GP Ibalpha) significantly increased the particle adhesion on P-selectin-coated surfaces and cellular uptake of nanoparticles by activated endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions. The results demonstrate that these novel endothelial-targeting nanoparticles could be the first step toward developing a targeted and sustained drug delivery system that can improve shear-regulated particle adhesion and cellular uptake.
The importance of accounting for correlated observations.

Correlated data arise when pairs or clusters of observations are related and thus are more similar to each other than to other observations in the dataset. Observations may be related because they come from the same subject—for example, when subjects are measured at multiple time points (repeated measures) or when subjects contribute data on multiple body parts, such as both eyes, hands, arms, legs, or sides of the face. Observations from different subjects also may be related—for example, if the dataset contains siblings, twin pairs, husband-wife pairs, control subjects who have been matched to individual cases, or patients from the same physician practice, clinic, or hospital. Cluster randomized trials, which are performed to assign interventions to groups of people rather than to individual subjects (for example, schools, classrooms, cities, clinics, or communities), also are a source of correlated data because subjects within a cluster will likely have more similar outcomes than subjects in other clusters.
Bilateral testicular cancer.

ticular cancer almost doubled between 1939 and 1970 from 2.0 to 3.7 per 100,000,2 and the risk of bilateral testicular cancer is increasing as well. 3 Because testicular cancer has become one of the most curable solid tumors 1 and its incidence is increasing, the primary care physician will be encountering patients with a history of testicular cancer more frequently. This report presents a patient with unilateral mixed nonseminoma who subsequently developed a seminoma in the con­ tralateral testis 12 years later. Despite cure from the highly malignant embryonal component of the mixed nonseminoma, the patient was sub­ jected to the further morbidity of a second can­ cer. This case emphasizes that to reduce further morbidity and mortality, proper management and an understanding of a patient's risk for contralateral testicular cancer are required by the primary care physician. Case Report A 44-year-old man came to our clinic for tes­ tosterone replacement 3 years after his second orchiectomy. The patient's history of testicular cancer began at age 29 years, when he complained to his physi­ cian of a 2-month history of a nontender right testicular mass. The patient subsequently under­ went right orchiectomy, and the mass was identi­ fied as a teratoma containing embryonal and seminoma components with vascular invasion. Clinical stage 1 disease was diagnosed and the patient underwent retroperitoneallymphadenec­ tomy. His lymph nodes were negative for tumor,
Cryogenic Lifetime Studies of 130 nm and 65 nm nMOS Transistors for High-Energy Physics Experiments

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment will use unsurpassed quantities of liquid argon to fill a time projection chamber. Research is under way to place the electronics inside the cryostat. For reasons of efficiency and economics, the lifetimes of these circuits must be well in excess of 20 years. The principle mechanism for lifetime degradation of MOSFET devices and circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures is hot carrier degradation. It is therefore imperative that studies be performed in candidate technologies to explore hot carrier degradation and to determine if such technologies are suitable for these rigorous requirements. In this paper, 130 nm and 65 nm nMOS transistors operating at cryogenic temperatures are examined. The results show that both technologies achieve the lifetimes required by the experiment. Minimal design changes are necessary in the case of the 130 nm process and no changes whatsoever are necessary for the 65 nm process.
Applications of FORALL-formed computations in large scale stochastic dynamic programming

Data parallel broadcasting methods have been developed by taking the advantages of the properties of stochastic, nonlinear, continuous-time dynamical systems. The stochastic components include both Gaussian and Poisson random white noise. An example of a grand challenge level application is the resource management problem. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that broadcasting can be efficiently performed, if the computational functions are FORALL-formed, i.e. arrays are formed using FORALL-loops. Also, it is predicted that the parallel data vault mass storage method becomes efficient and flexible if the computational functions are FORALL-formed. >
Efficient symbol-level transmission in error-prone wireless networks

Providing reliable transmission over error-prone networks has received a lot of attention from the research community. In this paper, instead of using simple retransmissions to provide reliability, we consider a novel retransmission approach based on the importance of the bits (symbols). We study the problem of maximizing the total gain in the case of partial data delivery in error-prone wireless networks, in which each set of bits (symbols) has a different weight. We first address the case of one-hop single packet transmission, and prove that the optimal solution has a round-robin transmission pattern. Then, we extend our solution to the case of multiple packets. We also enhance the expected gain using random linear network coding. Our simulation results show that our proposed multiple packets transmission mechanism can increase the gain up to 60% compared to that of a simple retransmission. Moreover, our network coding scheme enhances the expected total gain up to 15% compared to our non-coding mechanism.
Culture and Organizational Improvisation in UK Financial Services

This paper considers certain aspects of a four-year program of research, and addresses the changing cultural requirements to support the rise of improvisational working practices within the UK financial services sector. Specifically, it reports on some of the outcomes of a study encompassing over 100 hours of interviews, together with a variety of other primary and secondary data. The outcomes of the full study are documented elsewhere, and they identify a number of key factors that contribute to the successful use and control of improvisational working practices. One of these factors is a supportive organizational culture, and this specific area is dealt with in this paper. A particular focus is how the sample of organizations has attempted to identify and create supportive cultural conditions for improvisational work to take place. In order to bring clarity to the outcomes of this study, a matrix of the case study organizations is also offered, which segregates those organizations according to their cultural support for improvisation and apparent improvisation effectiveness. Some comment on the current difficulties in the Financial Services sector has also been included, as it could be argued that improvisation may have contributed to shortcomings in control processes by members of that sector.
Isosurfacing in span space with utmost efficiency (ISSUE)

We present efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for isosurface extraction. Based on the Span Space data representation, new data subdivision and searching methods are described. We also present a parallel implementation with an emphasis on load balancing. The performance of our sequential algorithm to locate the cell elements intersected by isosurfaces is faster than the Kd tree searching method originally used for the Span Space algorithm. The parallel algorithm can achieve high load balancing for massively parallel machines with distributed memory architectures.
Synthesis and functionalization of nitrosyl rhenacarboranes towards their use as drug delivery vehicles

Abstract The compound has been synthesized and used as precursor to several nitrosyl rhenacarborane complexes with boron-bound B–O(CH2)2O(CH2)2‒ tethers to halo, amino and hydroxo functional groups. The last two in particular have afforded a pair of rhenacarborane derivatives, [3,3-(CO)2-3-NO-closo-Re(8-O(CH2)2O(CH2)2NH3-3,1,2-C2B9H10)]BF4 and [3,3-(CO)2-3-NO-closo-Re(8-O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH-3,1,2-C2B9H10)], for potential use as drug-delivery vehicles. Bioconjugates tethering our delivery vehicles to amino acids or small peptides that are not readily transported across the blood–brain barrier, either by means of membrane-based transport mechanisms or through passive diffusion, could make potential pharmacological agents for central nervous system infiltration. The final nitrosyl complexes are made following nucleophilic ring opening of the β-boron-bound 1,4-dioxane moiety and our work has established that even with unprotected hydroxo and amino terminal groups, the metal can be selectively nitrosylated using [NO][BF4] without destroying the integrity of the B–O(CH2)2O(CH2)2X (X = OH, NH3) tether.
Retroviral Marking of Canine Bone Marrow: Long-Term, High-Level Expression of Human Interleukin-2 Receptor Common Gamma Chain in Canine Lymphocytes

Optimization of retroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic cells of the dog will facilitate gene therapy of canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) and in turn advance similar efforts to treat human XSCID. Both canine and human XSCID are caused by defects in the common gamma chain, gammac, of receptors for interleukin-2 and other cytokines. In this study, normal dogs were given retrovirally transduced bone marrow cells with and without preharvest mobilization by the canine growth factors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF). Harvey sarcoma virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus constructs were used, both containing cDNA encoding human gammac. The Harvey-based vector transduced into cytokine-primed marrow yielded persistent detectable provirus in bone marrow and blood and expression of human gammac on peripheral lymphocytes. In three dogs, human gammac expression disappeared after 19 to 34 weeks but reappeared and was sustained, in one dog beyond 16 months posttransplantation, upon immunosuppression with cyclosporin A and prednisone, with up to 25% of lymphocytes expressing human gammac. The long-term expression of human gammac in a high proportion of normal canine lymphocytes predicts that retrovirus-mediated gene correction of hematopoietic cells may prove to be of clinical benefit in humans affected with this XSCID. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
The Mediterranean and Caribbean Regions—A Comparison in Race and Culture Contacts

OUR interest in the comparative study of race and culture contacts in the Mediterranean and Caribbean regions is predominantly an interest in the comparison of race relations in the Anglo-Saxon and Latin subregions of the Caribbean region. That this is so becomes clear from a definition of what we understand by Mediterranean and Caribbean regions or, in other words, the European and the American Mediterraneans. In both cases, a centrally located, that is to say, a truly Mediterranean sea unites rather than separates the surrounding coastal rimlands. Sicily is nearer to Tunisia than to Savoy, as recent events have taught us anew, and Morocco is facing Spain across the narrow Straits of Gibraltar while it is separated from the Sudan by the desert belt of the Sahara. Likewise, Louisiana is closer to Cuba than to Massachusetts, as Colombia is closer to Puerto Rico than to the republics of La Plata from which it is separated by the Amazonas jungles. Mediterranean civilization may be said to reach as far as the olive tree is grown while its outer frontiers are marked by the northernmost and southernmost extension of vine cultivation. It should be noted that this coincides with the extension of ancient Roman penetration. The Caribbean region, in turn, although known as the world's sugar bowl and coffee pot, with cotton fields, tobacco crops, and banana plantations of probably equal importance, is best defined by the prevailing human factor connected with it. Sociologically speaking, the Caribbean region may be said to extend as far as dense rural settlement of former African slaves is found; and the settlement of Africans, again, coincides with the lowland area of plantation economy. The Negro has become the leading phenomenon of the Caribbean region as the olive tree has always been the leading phenomenon of the Mediterranean region.' This definition would put the highland areas of Mexico, sociologically as well as geographically and historically, closer to the highlands areas of Peru than to the lowland areas of Costa Rica. Mexico belongs to the Pacific region of America, so much so that even the Philippines were at some time subjected to the Vice-Royalty of New Spain. The same is true of the highland areas of Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica. Neither the Indians nor the Mestizos, nor the Spaniards moved in any appreciable numbers into the humid lowland regions on the Atlantic coast of Central America, so that these regions finally were settled by a mixture of Indians and runaway Negro slaves on the Mosquito Coast and by black Jamaican workers on the plantations of the United Fruit Company.2 On the other hand, the definition which we have presented would include the southern regions of the United States, as far as the lowland region of plantation economy is extended, along with the British, Dutch, and French possessions in the West Indies.3 About the same way as Cross and Crescent are facing each other in the Mediterranean, so Latin and AngloSaxon civilization are interlocking in the Carib-
ATC Technologies for Controller-Managed and Autonomous Flight Operations

*† ‡ § This paper describes the ground-side automation prototyped in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at NASA Ames Research Center in support of two concepts related to Distributed Air Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM) operations: Trajectory-based air traffic control (ATC) and Mixed operations with airborne self separation. The paper presents the design of the ATC automation and the evaluation of both concepts in large scale simulations. Advanced ATC automation was integrated into an emulation of state-of-the-art en route controller displays. The design of automation and controller tools for managing trajectories of data link equipped aircraft is the result of many years of air/ground integration research. The toolset includes highly responsive graphical trajectory planning and conflict probing functions, interactive timelines for aircraft scheduling, speed advisory functions and delay feedback indications for arrival metering. The automation is fully integrated with data link. To support mixed operations additional tasks had to be automated. Even though flight crews of “autonomous” aircraft are responsible for separating their airplane from all other traffic, a complex set of ground-based automation has to take over a number of additional services for autonomous aircraft that controllers and traffic managers otherwise provide for managed aircraft. The first part of the paper describes the design rationale for the ground-based automation in the context of current air traffic modernization trends. A detailed description of the prototyped ATC technologies is provided in the appendix. The second part of the paper presents the ground-side perspective of each of the concepts effectiveness in terms of capacity, controller workload, safety, efficiency, and controller acceptability. Simulation studies using the trajectory-based ATC managed operations have demonstrated that controllers were able to manage separation and arrival times above current day traffic volumes by trajectory adjustments alone, without significantly changing roles and responsibilities of pilots and controllers. A joint Ames/Langley simulation of mixed operations shows a significant potential for much higher capacity gains. However, a number of safety concerns would need to be addressed before airborne self-separation could be operationally implemented in high density mixed environments. DAG-TM results indicate that trajectory-based ATC with integrated ground-side DSTs and airborne FMSs can safely increase capacity in the near to medium-term and could provide the environment required to enable concepts like airborne self-separation. DAG-TM research was funded by the Airspace Systems program as part of the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies project. DAG-TM activities were conducted by NASA Ames, NASA Langley, and NASA Glen Research Centers.
Synthesis and Quantitative Analysis of Plasma-Targeted Metabolites of Catechin and Epicatechin

Grape seed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) rich in the flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin beneficially modulates Alzheimer’s Disease phenotypes in animal models. The parent molecules in the extract are converted to a series of methylated and glucuronidated derivatives. To fully characterize these metabolites and establish a robust quantitative assay of their levels in biological fluids, we have implemented a partial synthetic approach utilizing chemical methylation followed by enzymatic glucuronidation. Liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to assign unequivocal structures to the compounds. An analytical method using solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS in selective reaction monitoring mode (SRM) was validated for their quantitation in plasma. These studies provide a basis for improvements in future work on the bioavailability, metabolism, and mechanism of action of metabolites derived from dietary flavan-3-ols ...
Detection and Molecular Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Copyright: © 2012 Yin CC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The term “minimal residual disease” refers to the persistence of residual neoplastic cells below the threshold of conventional morphologic detection. Monitoring of MRD plays a critical role in the early detection of impending hematologic relapse of many hematopoietic neoplasms, which allows for timely therapeutic intervention and improved clinical outcome. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that originates from an abnormal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and is characterized by the presence of t (9;22)(q34;q11.2)/BCR-ABL1 fusion resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The chimeric BCR-ABL1 fusion protein has constitutive tyrosine kinase activity that plays an essential role in CML pathogenesis, and provides the basis for the diagnosis, target therapy and MRD monitoring of CML.
Dependence of Hydrogen Incorporation in Undoped a-Si:H and µc-Si:H on Hydrogen Dilution During Pecvd

New results are reported on the effect of hydrogen dilution on the incorporation of hydrogen in undoped, unalloyed silicon films that were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in an rf-glow discharge system. A crystalline phase was detected for dilution ratios (H2: SiH 4) of 20:1 and greater. This phase change was accompanied by the appearance of higher-order silicon-hydride complexes. It was further observed that the H concentration in the films increased with dilution for ratios of 10:1 and greater. These results are compared with other recent studies of hydrogen dilution.
Human Exposure to RF, Microwave, and Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Radiation [Health Effects]

Mobile phones and other wireless devices and systems rely on RF or microwave radiation to function. They use RF or microwave radiation to send and receive text and voice messages, along with many other kinds of data. In addition to RF and microwaves, millimeter and terahertz waves are increasingly enlisted to support the rally toward ubiquitous, round-theclock wireless connectivity. For the first time in its history, a ubiquitous source of RF radiation is being placed directly next to the heads (and bodies) of a large portion of the human race; in fact, the percentage of all people being exposed to RF electromagnetic radiation is rapidly approaching the percentage exposed to polluted air. the author discusses research and warnings about the health risks of human exposure to RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation.