cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Literaturas nacionales y literaturas nacionalizadas. Consideraciones en torno a la recepción del boom hispanoamericano en España / National Literatures and Nationalized Literatures. Reflections on the Reception of Latin American boom in Spain

Resumen: Este articulo reflexiona en torno a la nocion de literatura nacional a partir de la relacion recepcion que los escritores latinoamericanos del boom tuvieron en el campo literario espanol. ?Como dar cuenta, a la hora de estudiar el proceso de la vida literaria nacional, de la presencia de textos literarios “extranjeros” que circulan ampliamente y sin necesidad de que medie traduccion alguna? Para dar cuenta de las dificultades y contradicciones de esa relacion se propone el concepto de literatura nacionalizada, poniendo el enfasis en los procesos de ‘nacionalizacion’ que tienen lugar en un campo literario especifico. Palabras clave: Boom, Latinoamerica, Espana, literatura nacional, literatura nacionalizada. Abstract: This article reflects on the notion of national literature by analyzing the reception relationship that the Boom Latin American writers had in Spain. How can we account, when studying the process of national literary life, of the presence of “foreign” literary texts that circulate widely and without the need for any translation? In order to account for the difficulties and contradictions of this relationship, the concept of nationalized literature is proposed, emphasizing the processes of ‘nationalization’ that take place in a specific literary field. Keywords: Latin American Boom, Spain, National Literature, Nationalized Literature.
Capsule prolongs survival of Streptococcus pneumoniae during starvation

Person-to-person transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) may occur via environmental sources in close contact with carriers. Pneumococcal polysaccharide capsules, the determinant of serotype (or type), are heterogeneous in structure and amount, and these differences affect rates of transmission. In this study, we examined the contribution of capsule and its variations to the maintenance of pneumococcal viability under starvation conditions. S. pneumoniae retained its ability to colonize infant mice even after incubation for 24 h in phosphate-buffered saline at 25°C. The expression of capsule by the cps locus prolonged survival under these and other nutrient-poor conditions. Analysis of capsule-switch constructs showed that strain-to-strain differences in survival were due to capsule type rather than genetic background. The addition of glucose was sufficient to rescue the survival defect of the capsule-deficient derivative, demonstrating that in the absence of capsule, survival depends upon nutrient availability. During starvation, there was a decrease in capsule size and amount of capsular polysaccharide that was dependent on bacterial viability and the presence of the cps locus. These observations suggest that pneumococci catabolize their own capsular polysaccharide using the genes involved in its biosynthesis to maintain viability when other carbon sources are unavailable. Our findings describe a new role of the pneumococcal capsule: the prolongation of viability under nutrient-limiting conditions as would be encountered during periods when the organism is between hosts.
Generating Unified Famous Objects (UFOs) from the classified object tables

It is difficult to access data generated by different data sources due to the representation and format differences. ETL, KETL, Jedox, Apatar are some examples of data translation and fusion packages that can be used to resolve representation differences of data coming from different data sources have been favored. However, most tools require significant manual effort to map the data sources. Structural mismatch of data between objects with the same semantics reduces the accessibility of data. Here we discuss our initial efforts toward a scalable unsu-pervised system and algorithms to generate Unified Famous Objects (UFO) — the self-learning “intelligent” data structures that help automate data fusion at scale [Gubanov et al., 2009], [Gubanov et al., 2011]. UFO is a data structure encapsulating different representations of the same data object (e.g. Songs), hence capable of automatically recognizing and mapping such object in different data sources, and significantly reducing manual effort during data integration process. We evaluate our algorithms on a large-scale Web tables corpus having ≈ 64 million of tuples.
Smart cooperative firewalls : An aid to a safer and secure cyber world

A Firewall is a necessity in the cyber world today. Cyber-attacks have become a guarantee for any large business or any network containing useful information. Firewalls can be very effective when intelligently designed and run for a single machine; however, they have an issue when they are part of an interconnected firewall network. Administrators are responsible for updating or changing each firewall individually, which has been shown to lead to many errors. In this paper we propose a solution: smart cooperative firewalls. Firewalls that can talk to each other, don't need to be manually updated, and therefore have faster and more accurate attack response procedures. Our proposal, named DSN (Distributed Secured Network), turns multiple, but separate, firewalls into a dynamic network of firewalls all working together to combat cyber-attacks.
Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Foot Due To Frostbite: Literature Review and Case Report

Abstract Acute compartment syndrome of the foot and ankle is a relatively rare clinical finding. Lower extremity compartment syndrome is customarily due to vascular or orthopedic traumatic limb-threatening pathologic issues. Clinical correlation and measurement of intracompartmental pressure are paramount to efficient diagnosis and treatment. Delayed treatment can lead to local and systemically adverse consequences. Frostbite, a comparatively more common pathologic entity of the distal extremities, occurs when tissues are exposed to freezing temperatures. Previously found in military populations, frostbite has become increasingly prevalent in the general population, leading to more clinical presentations to foot and ankle specialists. We present a review of the published data of acute foot compartment syndrome and pedal frostbite, with pathogenesis, treatment, and subsequent sequelae. A case report illustrating 1 example of bilateral foot, atraumatic compartment syndrome, is highlighted in the present report. The patient presented with changes consistent with distal bilateral forefoot frostbite, along with gangrenous changes to the distal tuft of each hallux. At admission and evaluation, the patient had increasing rhabdomyolysis with no other clear etiology. Compartment pressures were measured in the emergency room and were >100 mm Hg in the medial compartment and 50 mm Hg dorsally. The patient was taken to the operating room urgently for bilateral pedal compartment release. Both pathologic entities have detrimental outcomes if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, with amputation rates increasing with increasing delay.
The effect of short-term exposure of cumulus-oocyte complexes to in vitro maturation medium on yield of mature oocytes and usable embryos in stimulated cycles

We examined whether short-term exposure to in vitro maturation (IVM) medium of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from a stimulated cycle increases the yield of metaphase II (MII) oocytes and usable embryos. Retrospective review of two consecutive autologous IVF/ICSI cycles per patient between 2007 and 2015 in which cycle 1 did not result in live birth. Patients with short-term exposure of COCs to IVM medium (3–5 h before standard insemination or ICSI) in cycle 2 (treated) were matched 1:4 on %MI and %MII to patients without use of IVM in cycle 2 (untreated). The proportions of mature oocytes, two pronucleate (2PN) zygotes, number of usable embryos, and clinical outcomes were compared between groups with regression modeling. The treated (n = 43) and untreated (n = 163) groups had similar demographic characteristics and similarly high proportions of immature oocytes (48.2 vs. 41.3%, respectively) in cycle 1. There were no significant differences between the treated and untreated groups in the change in %MII (48.1 to 68.9% vs. 50.5 to 72.5%, respectively) or mean number of usable embryos (2.2 to 3.4 vs. 2.0 to 3.3, respectively) from cycle 1 to cycle 2. These findings suggest that short-term IVM incubation of COCs may not provide any additional benefit in patients with a prior unsuccessful cycle notable for a high proportion of immature oocytes. Further randomized studies are warranted to determine whether there is a subset of patients who may have improved clinical outcomes with this “rescue IVM” intervention.
An Efficient Buchwald–Hartwig/Reductive Cyclization for the Scaffold Diversification of Halogenated Phenazines: Potent Antibacterial Targeting, Biofilm Eradication, and Prodrug Exploration

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities comprised of nonreplicating persister cells housed within a protective extracellular matrix. Biofilms display tolerance toward conventional antibiotics, occur in ∼80% of infections, and lead to >500000 deaths annually. We recently identified halogenated phenazine (HP) analogues which demonstrate biofilm-eradicating activities against priority pathogens; however, the synthesis of phenazines presents limitations. Herein, we report a refined HP synthesis which expedited the identification of improved biofilm-eradicating agents. 1-Methoxyphenazine scaffolds were generated through a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling (70% average yield) and subsequent reductive cyclization (68% average yield), expediting the discovery of potent biofilm-eradicating HPs (e.g., 61: MRSA BAA-1707 MBEC = 4.69 μM). We also developed bacterial-selective prodrugs (reductively activated quinone-alkyloxycarbonyloxymethyl moiety) to afford HP 87, which demonstrated excellent antibacterial ...
Hidden factors and handling strategy for accuracy of virtual in-situ sensor calibration in building energy systems: Sensitivity effect and reviving calibration

Abstract Virtual in-situ calibration (VIC) can be conducted on a large scale, in-situ, to calibrate multiple working sensors in an operational building's energy system based on Bayesian inference. As well as random errors, the VIC can handle various systematic errors that are not covered by a conventional calibration, and it does not require removing working sensors or adding reference sensors as is done in a conventional calibration. For successful calibration under the various working conditions of a system, it is important to figure out hidden factors and their negative impacts on the accuracy of VIC. Through case studies for a LiBr-H2O refrigeration system, this study reveals two different sensitivity effects and how they affect the accuracy of VIC. Moreover, to handle the sensitivity issues, a new calibration strategy (named reviving calibration) is suggested and then evaluated in this work. This paper (1) shows the VIC problem formulation process, (2) explains how the two sensitivity effects influence the calibration accuracy, and (3) proves how and how much the suggested handling strategy solves the negative effects problem. The two case studies demonstrate the reviving calibration results in average 53% and 4% improvements, respectively, for temperature and mass flow rate sensors compared to the existing VIC method.
Advanced Structure Theory

The first main results are that simply connected compact semisimple Lie groups are in one-one correspondence with abstract Cartan matrices and their associated Dynkin diagrams and that the outer automorphisms of such a group correspond exactly to automorphisms of the Dynkin diagram. The remainder of the first section prepares for the definition of a reductive Lie group: A compact connected Lie group has a complexification that is unique up to holomorphic isomorphism. A semisimple Lie group of matrices is topologically closed and has finite center.
Sex Differences in Synaptic Plasticity: Hormones and Beyond.

Notable sex-differences exist between neural structures that regulate sexually dimorphic behaviors such as reproductive and parenting behaviors. While these anatomical differences have been well-characterized, advancements in neuroimaging and pharmacology techniques have allowed researchers to identify differences between males and females down to the level of the synapse. Disparate mechanisms at the synaptic level contribute to sex-specific neuroplasticity that is reflected in sex-dependent behaviors. Many of these differences at the synapse are driven by the endocrine system and its impact on molecular signaling and physiology. While sex-dependent modifications exist at baseline, further differences emerge in response to environmental stimuli such as stressors. While some of these mechanisms are unifying between sexes, they often have directly opposing consequences in males and females. This variability is tied to gonadal steroids and their interactions with intra- and extra- cellular signaling mechanisms. This review focuses on the various mechanisms by which sex can alter synaptic plasticity, both directly and indirectly, through steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. That sex can drive neuroplasticity throughout the brain, highlights the importance of understanding sex-dependent neural mechanisms of the changing brain to enhance interpretation of results regarding males and females. As mood and stress responsivity are characterized by significant sex-differences, understanding the molecular mechanisms that may be altering structure and function can improve our understanding of these behavioral and mental characteristics.
Cine colombiano en el siglo XXI. Balance de las coproducciones colombianas con Europa

ABSTRACTThis article traces the development of Colombian cinema in the twenty-first century, paying particular attention to the co-productions between Colombia and European countries in the last si...
Hot-Tip Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Theory and Experiments Under Positive and Negative Feedback Conditions

Hot-tip scanning electrochemical microscopy (HT-SECM) is a novel surface characterization technique utilizing an alternating current (ac) polarized disk microelectrode as a probe. A high-frequency (∼100 MHz) ac waveform applied between the tip and a counter electrode causes the resistive heating of the surrounding electrolyte solution that leads also to the electrothermal fluid flow (ETF). The effects of the temperature and the convection driven by the ETF result in the increased rate of mass transfer of the redox species. In this paper, HT-SECM was studied in positive and negative feedback modes, for which approach curves and cyclic voltammograms were recorded. The experimental data showed that the use of a hot tip leads to a more pronounced feedback compared to that at room temperature. Numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics supported the experimental findings. Additional analytical approximations were developed that could be used to predict the faradaic response in HT-SECM experiments. ...
Socioeconomic Disparities in Brachial Plexus Surgery: A National Database Analysis.

Background Brachial plexus injuries have devastating effects on upper extremity function, with significant pain, psychosocial stress, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify socioeconomic disparities in the receipt of brachial plexus repair in the emergent versus elective setting, and in the use of supported services on discharge. Methods Analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample Database was performed for the years 2009-2014. Adults with brachial plexus injury with or without nerve repair were identified; patient and hospital specific factors were analyzed. Results Overall, 6,618 cases of emergent brachial plexus injury were retrieved. Six hundred sixty cases of brachial plexus repair were identified in the emergency and elective settings over the study period. Of the 6,618 injured, 153 (2.3%) underwent nerve surgery during the admission. Patients undergoing repair in the elective setting were more likely to be white males with private insurance. Patients treated in the emergency setting were more likely to be African American and in the lowest income quartile. Significant differences were also seen in supported discharge: more likely males (P 55 years of age (P < 0.001), white (P < 0.001), with government-based insurance (P < 0.001). Conclusions There are significant disparities in the timing of brachial plexus surgery. These relate to timing rather than receipt of nerve repair; socioeconomically advantaged individuals with private insurance in the higher income quartiles are more likely to undergo surgery in the elective setting and have a supported discharge.
Effect of food restriction on life span and immune functions in long-lived Fischer-344 X Brown Norway F1 rats

Life-long food restriction is known to slow aging and reduce the rate of occurrence of age-associated disease processes, but the mechanism by which this is accomplished is unknown. In this study we have examined the effect of food restriction on the proliferative response of spleen cells to mitogens and lymphokine production in 6-, 18-, and 30-month-old AL and FR Fischer-344 × Brown Norway (F-344×BNF1) female rats whose average life span is 137 weeks on an ad libitum (AL) diet and 177 weeks on a food-restricted (FR) diet. In addition, the ability of food restriction to recall antigens was tested in 10-month-old rats by immunizing them with keyhole limpet and hen's egg albumin and measuring proliferative response of draining lymph node cells to these antigens. Our results indicated that the spleen-cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A (Con A) was equal in 6- and 18-month-old rats but declined significantly in 30-month-old AL rats compared to FR rats. Although flow cytometric analyses did not reveal differences for CD4, CD8, and Ig+ cells with age, a significant rise in memory T cells (Ox-22low) in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subset lineage was noted in AL-fed rats at 30 months of age. In FR rats, however, only a minimal shift of naive T cells (Ox-22high) to memory cells was observed. In FR rats, the observed changes in the naive and memory T-cell subsets correlate well with the observed higher levels of the antiinflammatory interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The ability of food-restricted animals to recall antigens was lower compared to their age-matched controls, though the proliferative response to T-cell mitogen Con A and superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B was higher. These findings indicate that food restriction may selectively act to maintain a lower number of antigen-induced memory T cells with age, thereby maintaining the organism's ability to produce higher levels of IL-2 with age. In summary, the increased cell-mediated immune function noted in aged FR rats appears to be due to the presence of a higher number of naive T cells, which are known to produce elevated levels of the antiinflammatory cytokines, which may in part be responsible for reducing the observed age-related rise in disease.
(α,n) reactions in oxide compounds calculated from the R-matrix theory

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the neutron yield and energy distribution of neutron source terms generated from the interaction of α-particles with 17,18O nuclei in fissile actinide compounds. When compared with measured data, the neutron yield and energy distribution data calculated for several isotopic configurations are used to validate the energy-dependent 17,18O(α,n) cross sections modeled by a set of resonance parameters based on the Reich-Moore approximation of the R-matrix theory. The present analysis shows the fundamental importance of the partial contribution of the (α,n) cross sections to each excited state in determining the shape and magnitude of the calculated neutron spectra as a function of the emerging neutrons.
School Intervention: The New Standard of Cardiac Follow-Up Care

Program Background: Children with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for neurodevelopmental delays and deficits due to changes in oxygenation and blood flow affecting brain development and functioning. Past research shows that children with CHD score lower in hand-eye coordination, fine and gross motor skills, social-emotional functioning, and language development than their typically developing peers. Frequent attention problems and behavioral concerns are additionally reported in …
Edge-of-Grid Device Placement for Over and Under Voltage Regulation

The load growth and increasing levels solar photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution networks can cause both under and over voltage problems. The traditional practices of voltage regulation using primary-side control assets alone are not sufficient to maintain the service voltages within acceptable limits. This paper proposes employment of distributed voltage control using low-voltage static var compensators (SVCs) and distribution static compensators (DSTATCOMs) to mitigate load voltage violations. An iterative placement algorithm is proposed to determine the effective locations to install these devices. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulations of an actual distribution circuit model with significant PV generation.
Cultural diplomacy as corporate strategy: an analysis of Pasona Group’s “New Tohoku” program in Japan

Corporate diplomacy research suggests US executives display little interest in supporting government diplomacy and promoting national culture; rather, corporate strategy focuses on profit. The corporate diplomacy phenomenon, however, needs additional examination in the more collectivistic East Asia context. This study investigates a public–private partnership in which a corporation sponsors a cultural exchange project in Japan, specifically how Japanese business leaders perceive and integrate promoting national interests and country image into corporate strategy. This research analyzes the New Tohoku program that brings foreign students, businesspersons, and social media influencers to Tohoku, a region undergoing reconstruction since the 2011 tsunami, to learn about Japan’s economy, history, climate, and culture. Interviews with executives and managers and documentary information from corporate webpages, news releases, and promotional brochures reveal motivations for engaging to (1) promote Japan’s culture, (2) stimulate economic growth, and (3) generate awareness about Pasona through publicity. While unrelated to Pasona’s business model, New Tohoku reflects the “Japanese mindset” of helping Japan; the founder, employees, and shareholders ensure this remains a strategic objective regardless of profits. This research has implications for multinational corporations’ role in cultural diplomacy as a component of public diplomacy.
Government by Algorithm: Artificial Intelligence in Federal Administrative Agencies

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform how government agencies do their work. Rapid developments in AI have the potential to reduce the cost of core governance functions, improve the quality of decisions, and unleash the power of administrative data, thereby making government performance more efficient and effective. Agencies that use AI to realize these gains will also confront important questions about the proper design of algorithms and user interfaces, the respective scope of human and machine decision-making, the boundaries between public actions and private contracting, their own capacity to learn over time using AI, and whether the use of AI is even permitted. These are important issues for public debate and academic inquiry. Yet little is known about how agencies are currently using AI systems beyond a few headline-grabbing examples or surface-level descriptions. Moreover, even amidst growing public and scholarly discussion about how society might regulate government use of AI, little attention has been devoted to how agencies acquire such tools in the first place or oversee their use. In an effort to fill these gaps, the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS) commissioned this report from researchers at Stanford University and New York University. The research team included a diverse set of lawyers, law students, computer scientists, and social scientists with the capacity to analyze these cutting-edge issues from technical, legal, and policy angles. The resulting report offers three cuts at federal agency use of AI: (i) a rigorous canvass of AI use at the 142 most significant federal departments, agencies, and sub-agencies (Part I) (ii) a series of in-depth but accessible case studies of specific AI applications at eight leading agencies (SEC, CPB, SSA, USPTO, FDA, FCC, CFPB, USPS) covering a range of governance tasks (Part II); and (iii) a set of cross-cutting analyses of the institutional, legal, and policy challenges raised by agency use of AI (Part III).
Abstract A46: Dietary weight loss and sulindac treatment each reverse obesity-associated inflammation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model of carcinogen-induced colon cancer

Purpose: We previously showed diet-induced obesity (DIO) increases (and calorie restriction decreases) systemic markers of inflammation and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in FVB/N mice. Our current study examines whether moderate weight loss via low-fat diet (LFD) and/or treatment with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac reverses the inflammatory and tumor-promoting effects of DIO in the AOM-induced mouse model of colon cancer. Methods: Male FVB/N mice were treated with AOM (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 weeks, then randomized to a control (10% kcal from fat) or DIO (60% kcal from fat) diet. After 15 weeks on diet, 5 mice/group were killed and their tissues collected for interim timepoint analysis. The remaining DIO mice were further randomized to either remain on DIO or switch to control diet to induce weight loss (formerly obese [FOb] mice), and within each diet group (control, DIO, and FOb), half the mice were randomized to receive sulindac treatment (140 ppm in the diet). Eight weeks later, all mice were killed and their serum, tumors, and other tissues collected for analysis. Results: The DIO mice, compared to controls, had significantly greater body weight and body fat (P Conclusions: Both moderate weight loss and sulindac treatment reverse the effects of chronic obesity on AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis. The anticancer effects of sulindac were independent of any change in adiposity. Given the challenges of losing weight, our findings suggest that further investigation of the effects of NSAID treatment on colon cancer risk and/or progression in obese patients is warranted. Citation Format: Stephen D. Hursting, Laura W. Bowers, Arunima Punjala, Andrew J. Dannenberg. Dietary weight loss and sulindac treatment each reverse obesity-associated inflammation and tumorigenesis in a mouse model of carcinogen-induced colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A46.
CET-LATS: Compressing Evolution of TINs from Location Aware Time Series

In this paper, we present the CET-LATS (Compressing Evolution of TINs from Location Aware Time Series) system, which enables testing the impacts of various compression approaches on evolving Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs). Specifically, we consider the settings in which values measured in distinct locations and at different time instants, are represented as time series of the corresponding measurements, generating a sequence of TINs. Different compression techniques applied to location-specific time series may have different impacts on the representation of the global evolution of TINs - depending on the distance functions used to evaluate the distortion. CET-LATS users can view and analyze compression vs. (im)precision trade-offs over multiple compression methods and distance functions, and decide which method works best for their application. We also provide an option to investigate the impact of the choice of a compression method on the quality of prediction. Our prototype is a web-based system using Flask, a lightweight Python framework, relying on Apache Spark for data management and JSON files to communicate with the front-end, enabling extensibility in terms of adding new data sources as well as compression techniques, distance functions and prediction methods.
Examining the effectiveness of Trauma Smart® training: Staff satisfaction, knowledge, and attitudes.

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences are linked with poorer physical, social, and psychological well-being, especially for individuals who live in poverty. As adverse childhood experiences accumulate, risk for poor outcomes increases. Therefore, it is imperative that preschools and elementary schools are equipped to prevent and intervene upon traumatic stress. Trauma Smart is an organizational change intervention designed to build trauma-informed knowledge, attitudes, skills, and resources within schools serving young children. Method: The current study evaluates the effectiveness of Trauma Smart staff training in 42 preschools and elementary schools with 2,418 staff using a 1-year, longitudinal, prepost design. Trauma Smart implementation occurred during scale-up, under real world conditions. Satisfaction, posttraining knowledge about trauma-informed approaches, and pre-to-posttraining changes in attitudes favorable to trauma-informed care were evaluated. Results: As hypothesized, staff were highly satisfied with the training (mean ratings indicate 92% satisfied), demonstrated knowledge of core concepts related to trauma-informed care (mean quiz scores were scored 90% correct), and developed more favorable attitudes toward trauma-informed care following training, with medium-large effect sizes. Conclusions: Trauma Smart staff training is feasible, acceptable, and has the potential to improve the knowledge and attitudes relevant to trauma-informed approaches within preschool and elementary school staff, including those who serve children who live in poverty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Injurious Behaviors Among Justice-Involved Youth

An estimated one in five adolescents exhibit self-injurious behavior (SIB), which poses serious public health concerns. The present analysis aims to describe the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB among first-time offending court-involved nonincarcerated youth. Baseline data from 412 youth enrolled in Epidemiological Project Involving Children in the Court (EPICC), a longitudinal cohort study, were analyzed to identify the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB. Almost a quarter (22.4%) of youth self-reported lifetime SIB. Participants who were female, bisexual, and those with more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms had higher prevalence odds of lifetime SIB. These findings suggest the importance of screening for SIB among youth and may provide guidance in the development of interventions designed to improve health outcomes of adolescents who come into first contact with the juvenile justice system.
Emerging African Capital Markets and Global Financial Standard-Setting: Permitting All Voices to Be Heard

Incumbent players in the global capital markets, trans-governmental networks, construct barriers to financial development in Africa through the imposition of best standards and policy, created without significant input from Africa, in an effort to harmonize securities regulation suiting primarily developed markets, not developing or emerging markets predominantly found in Africa. These organizations are not created by international law. They are networks of regulators sharing information peer-to-peer without major multilateral agreements or the organizations found in monetary affairs. There is great potential for exclusion and inequality necessitating accountability in this vital arena of development. This paper explores the impact exclusion from these networks has on the African capital markets.
Big Data Fusion Challenge: Unmanned Aerial System Based Precision Agriculture

The International Conference of Computational Intelligence 2021 organized multi Remote Sensing Data Competitions, and a Big Data Fusion Challenge using UAS based precision Agriculture is coordinated by North Carolina A&T State University and Mississippi State University. The Big Data Challenge focused on Multi-sensor and Multitemporal datasets including the hyper spectral imagery with 251 bands. A multi-class problem is given to classify three different crops and at three yield levels. The challenge received multiple submissions and the winning approach is based on inference learning using residual neural networks with 150 layers with a performance of Kappa accuracy as 0.86.
Biochemical and Biophysical Properties of Recombinant Human Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein

Purpose. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) binds and transports retinoids and fatty acids in the interphotoreceptor space (IPS). To understand the relationship between the protein structure and its functions requires bulk quantities of human IRBP. The authors sought to produce recombinant human IRBP (rhIRBP), a perfect duplicate in amino acid sequence of the authentic human protein. This material could serve as a supply of the protein and later could be used to make mutants of the protein. The goals of the present study were to produce human IRBP in an expression system and to examine some of its biochemical properties. Methods. A cDNA encoding human IRBP was cloned into the transplacement vector, pVL1392, and the plasmid was recombined with linearized baculovirus on cotransfection into Sf9 cells. Viruses containing the human IRBP cDNA were identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis. IRBP was secreted from virus-infected insect cells. rhIRBP was purified from cell medium and was examined by chromatography, N-terminal protein sequencing, immunologic techniques, and fluorometry. Eyecup and retina washes of human donor eyes provided a source of authentic human IRBP (IPS-IRBP). Results. rhIRBP and IPS-IRBP exhibit similar elution profiles on concanavalin A, ion-exchange, and size exclusion chromatography. rhIRBP contains a five-amino-acid propeptide at the N-terminus as deduced from the cDNA sequence. Retinol binding of rhIRBP has been characterized by fluorometric titration. The dissociation constant is approximately 1.04 fjM, close to that reported for bovine IRBP. By scanning fluorometry, the emission and excitation maxima are 479 nm and 339 nm, respectively. Conclusions. The baculovirus system provides an excellent method to produce and secrete human IRBP. The recombinant protein can be readily purified from cell culture medium. Its behavior in chromatography and in binding studies suggests that the recombinant protein is virtually identical to the authentic protein. This validates its use in place of IRBP from human donor eyes. Small, but significant, differences in biochemical properties in comparing human and bovine material highlight the significance of studying the human protein. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:3599-3612.
Admission Control in Wired Networks

With the continuous growth in traffic volume and the emergence of new services, the efficient admission control and utilization of the available network resources are required in order to meet the users' Quality of Service requirements. An admission control scheme consists of signaling messages and admission control units that perform the admission control algorithm or policy, with the objective of controlling the access of the users to the network and the allocation of the available network resources. In this article we provide an overview of the various admission control schemes and algorithms that range from resource-based (model-based and measurement-based) to policy-based admission control. We provide a detailed description of the admission control schemes and signaling procedures implemented in B-ISDN networks that reflect the typical schemes of current connection-oriented networks, as well as of the various schemes that can be applied in current and next generation Internet (including Intserv, Diffserv and MultiProtocol Label Switching) reflecting the tendency of future services and models. Keywords: resource-based admission control; policy-based admission control; signaling; congestion control; quality of service; resource reservation; model-based admission control; measurement-based admission control
Dilute-Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover in Pilot-Scale Reactor

Corn stover is a domestic feedstock that has potential to produce significant quantities of fuel ethanol and other bioenergy and biobased products. However, comprehensive yield and carbon mass balance information and validated kinetic models for dilute-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) pretreatment of corn stover have not been available. This has hindered the estimation of process economics and also limited the ability to perform technoeconomic modeling to guide research. To better characterize pretreatment and assess its kinetics, we pretreated corn stover in a continuous 1 t/d reactor. Corn stover was pretreated at 20% (w/w) solids concentration over a range of conditions encompassing residence times of 3–12 min, temperatures of 165–195°C, and H2SO4 concentrations of 0.5–1.4% (w/w). Xylan conversion yield and carbon mass balance data were collected at each run condition. Performance results were used to estimate kinetic model parameters assuming biphasic hemicellulose hydrolysis and a hydrolysis mechanism incorporating formation of intermediate xylo-oligomers. In addition, some of the pretreated solids were tested in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to measure the reactivity of their cellulose component to enzymatic digestion by cellulase enzymes. Monomeric xylose yields of 69–71% and total xylose yields (monomers and oligomers) of 70–77% were achieved with performance level depending on pretreatment severity. Cellulose conversion yields in SSF of 80–87% were obtained for some of the most digestible pretreated solids.
G proteins: The arginine finger strikes again

Members of the Ras family of G (GTP-binding) proteins play pivotal roles in transmitting signals between the cell surface and the nucleus. They are turned off when GTP is hydrolysed to GDP. But how? Now we know, for three crystal structures reveal the details of the mechanism concerned. A great deal of attention will centre on the work of the groups concerned — for the structures show, at atomic resolution, why mutations in Ras cause 25 per cent of human cancers.
Spectropolarimetry and the structure of active galactic nuclei

Previous work on polarized Seyfert galaxies has shown that type 1's have their optical continuum polarization aligned with the nuclear radio structure, while type 2's have a perpendicular relationship between these two features. Radio galaxies also show a bimodal distribution in this relationship, while all low polarization QSOs show a parallel orientation. Polarized Seyfert 2 galaxies tend to have a relatively higher polarization that is wavelength independent. Five out of ten type 2's we have observed have a highly obscured type 1 component that is revealed by the polarization measurements. We interpret this in terms of an obscuring torus which hides our direct view of the type 1 region and continuum source; these are made visible by scattering by electrons located above and below the torus. This is confirmed by the discovery of three offnuclear regions in NGC 1068 which contain dusty regions that reflect light from the hidden region and allow multidirectional views of the nucleus. These data can be fit by a model consisting of a highly ionized wind flowing in a conical pattern which reflects the type 1 region including the x-ray continuum.
Toxicology, Safety, and Disposal

This chapter deals with the toxicity, safety, and disposal of perfluorinated ionomers. The acute oral toxicity of perfluorinated ionomers is quite low. Perfluorinated ionomers release toxic gases when exposed to temperatures in excess of about 250°C. Fluorinated ionomers are safe to use, skin irritation was not observed in any of the subjects tested. An infrared technique has been developed for the analysis of thermal effluents. This method was used to analyze the effluents of perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSA) that evolve during overheating of fluoropolymer. PFSAs and fluoropolymers, generally, degrade during processing and generate effluents with an increasing rate with temperature. PFSAs membranes do not burn in ambient air. It has a limiting oxygen index of 95% according to ASTM D2863, which renders this material one of the most flame-resistant plastics. Local exhaust ventilation should be installed to remove the process effluents from the work areas when PFSA membranes are heated above 150°C.
A note on a symmetry result for traveling waves in cylinders

We prove in this note that all bounded traveling waves, in cylinders, of some N-dimensional viscous conservation laws are symmetric.
The effect of hospital volume on mortality and resource use after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose:: The value of radical prostatectomy for patients with prostate cancer depends on low morbidity and mortality. We assessed whether patient outcome is associated with how many of these procedures are performed at hospitals yearly.Materials and Methods:: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is a stratified probability sample of American hospitals, we identified 66,693 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1989 and 1995. Cases were categorized into volume groups according to hospital annual rate of radical prostatectomies performed, including low—fewer than 25, medium—25 to 54 and high—greater than 54. We performed multivariate logistic regression to control for patient characteristics when assessing the associations of hospital volume, in-hospital mortality and resource use.Results:: Overall adjusted in-hospital mortality after radical prostatectomy was relatively low (0.25%). However, patients at low volume centers were 78% more likely to have in-hospital mortality than those at h...
Self-Adaptive Underactuated Hybrid Rolling/Walking Locomotion

In planetary exploration and other similar robotic applications, it is possible to encounter obstacles on multiple scales, making it difficult to design wheeled locomotion that works well for all terrain types. Legged locomotion tends to be less efficient and slower, but allows better obstacle clearance. This paper describes a novel method of achieving robotic locomotion over uneven terrain using a passive underactuation technique. Using planetary gear trains with one input degree of freedom and two output degrees of freedom, the natural obstacle-based locking of select outputs can cause the transition of power through the alternate outputs. By designing the primary outputs as wheels and the secondary outputs as legs with more ground clearance, a naturally adaptive hybrid gait incorporating both rolling and walking can be generated without the need for sophisticated sensing and control. Derivation and simulation validation are presented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Endosomal Functions in Plants

Plant endosomes are highly dynamic organelles that are involved in the constitutive recycling of plasma membrane cargo and the trafficking of polarized plasma membrane proteins such as auxin carriers. In addition, recent studies have shown that surface receptors such as the plant defense-related FLS2 receptor and the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 appear to signal from endosomes upon ligand binding and internalization. In yeast and mammals, endosomes are also known to recycle vacuolar cargo receptors back to the trans Golgi network and sort membrane proteins for degradation in the vacuole/lysosome. Some of these sorting mechanisms are mediated by the retromer and endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complexes. Plants contain orthologs of all major retromer and ESCRT complex subunits, but they have also evolved variations in endosomal functions connected to plant-specific features such as the diversity of vacuolar transport pathways. This review focuses on recent studies in plants dealing with the regulation of endosomal recycling functions, architecture and formation of multivesicular bodies, ligand-mediated endocytosis and receptor signaling from endosomes as well as novel endosomal markers and the function of endosomes in the transport and processing of soluble vacuolar proteins.
CALCULATION OF THE REAL PART OF THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL FOR ALPHA-NUCLEUS SCATTERING

Abstract Using two-body forces without hard core for the two-nucleon interaction the real part of the optical potential for alpha-particles scattered on heavy nuclei is calculated. Supposed to apply to nuclei in the mass number range of 16 ⪅ A ⪅ 100 and to bombarding energies up to about 30 MeV, the result shows that the potential strength increases slowly with the bombarding energy, an effect ascribed to the exclusion principle. The absolute value of the real part is found to be about 130 MeV.
Psychological Distress and Arrhythmia: Risk Prediction and Potential Modifiers

The connection between the heart and the brain has long been anecdotally recognized but has systematically been studied only relatively recently. Cardiac arrhythmias, especially ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden cardiac death, remain a major public health concern and there is mounting evidence that psychological distress plays a critical role both as a predictor of high-risk cardiac substrate and as an inciting trigger. The transient, unpredictable nature of emotions and cardiac arrhythmias has made their study challenging, but evolving technologies in monitoring and imaging along with larger epidemiological data sets have encouraged more sophisticated studies examining this relationship. Here we review the research on psychological distress including anger, depression and anxiety on cardiac arrhythmias, insights into proposed mechanisms, and potential avenues for future research.
Multiple range potentiometers

SYNOPSISThe development of the potentiometer is briefly described, with special emphasis on the methods of checking the current against the standard cell and of changing the range.Two designs for double range potentiometers are outlined which permit checking the current while operating on either range and in which the effect of variable factor plug contact resistance is completely eliminated.
The Influence of Large-Scale Flow on Fall Precipitation Systems in the Great Lakes Basin

Abstract A synoptic climatology is presented of the precipitation mechanisms that affect the Great Lakes Basin. The focus is on fall because increasing precipitation in this season has contributed to record high lake levels since the 1960s and because the causes can be synoptically evaluated. Precipitation events were identified for the period 1935–95 from NOAA Daily Weather Maps. Precipitation days were classified as one of nine types. Trends in the precipitation classifications, 24-h precipitation totals, and the frequency and intensity of precipitation days and events were analyzed. It was found that the precipitation increased 15% over the basin and 35% at Grand Rapids, Michigan, from 1935–65 to 1966–95. The increased precipitation was driven by an increase in the amount of precipitation per day (from low pressure systems and warm, stationary, and occluded fronts) and an increase in the frequency of precipitation days (from troughs and cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts). All classifications ...