cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seven-O'Clock: A New Distributed GVT Algorithm Using Network Atomic Operations

In this paper we introduce a new concept, network atomic operations (NAOs) to create a zero-cost consistent cut. Using NAOs, we define a wall-clock-time driven GVT algorithm called Seven O'Clock that is an extension of Fujimoto's shared memory GVT algorithm. Using this new GVT algorithm, we report good optimistic parallel performance on a cluster of state-of-the-art Itanium-II quad processor systems for both benchmark applications such as PHOLD and real-world applications such as a large-scale TCP/Internet model. In some cases, super-linear speedup is observed.
MaizeGDB becomes 'sequence-centric'.

MaizeGDB is the maize research community's central repository for genetic and genomic information about the crop plant and research model Zea mays ssp. mays. The MaizeGDB team endeavors to meet research needs as they evolve based on researcher feedback and guidance. Recent work has focused on better integrating existing data with sequence information as it becomes available for the B73, Mo17 and Palomero Toluqueno genomes. Major endeavors along these lines include the implementation of a genome browser to graphically represent genome sequences; implementation of POPcorn, a portal ancillary to MaizeGDB that offers access to independent maize projects and will allow BLAST similarity searches of participating projects' data sets from a single point; and a joint MaizeGDB/PlantGDB project to involve the maize community in genome annotation. In addition to summarizing recent achievements and future plans, this article also discusses specific examples of community involvement in setting priorities and design aspects of MaizeGDB, which should be of interest to other database and resource providers seeking to better engage their users. MaizeGDB is accessible online at http://www.maizegdb.org.Database URL:http://www.maizegdb.org.
Effect of Partial Medial Meniscectomy on the Interaction Between Primary and Secondary Knee Motion During Gait

Meniscal injury is a well-known risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA); the leading treatment (meniscectomy) increases the risk for osteoarthritis four times over sixteen years [1]. Reports that meniscectomy patients display altered gait kinetics and kinematics post-operation [2,3] suggest altered gait mechanics as a potential link between meniscal resection and increased risk for OA. Specifically it has been suggested that altered gait is a pathway to OA by causing a shift in tibiofemoral cartilage contact location to unprepared regions, which leads to cartilage breakdown [4]. The altered gait mechanics of particular interest are secondary motions of the knee, including internal-external (IE) rotation and adduction angle. While previous research has shown there to be a decrease in early stance (ES) and mid-stance (MS) range of motion (ROM) in knee flexion angle along with decreased peak extension of the affected versus contralateral limb, there is a lack of data relating the interaction between primary (flexion) and secondary (IE rotation and adduction angle) motions of the knee in the meniscectomy population [2,3]. Yet this information is important for understanding the ambulatory conditions associated with knee OA following meniscectomy.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Connecting classrooms and early interventions

Abstract The Accelerated Literacy Learning (A.L.L.) program, an early intervention program for at‐risk learners, has been effective for a majority of the children involved. Not all children, however, have benefited from this one‐on‐one program. Case study research was conducted to illuminate various rates of progress between students who began the school year with similar academic profiles but returned to different classroom environments after their daily lessons. Findings suggest that the relationship between an early intervention program and program support provided by classroom teachers is a complex issue. A supportive classroom teacher can enhance a student's literacy learning, while a non‐supportive classroom teacher can impede the success a student experiences.
The NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test: Normative Data

The NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test was developed to assess processing speed. While initial validation work provides preliminary support for this test in both children and adults, more work is needed to ensure dependability and generalizability. Thus, this replication study examines descriptive data (including age effects), test-retest reliability, and construct validity in n = 4,859 participants ages 3-85 years (matched to 2010 census data). Although the Pattern Comparison was not appropriate for all 3 and 4 years old, by ages 5 and 6, more meaningful scores were apparent. There was evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. There was also a moderate practice effect (i.e., increase of 5.5 points) over a 1-week time frame. Pattern Comparison exhibits a number of strengths: it is appropriate for use across the lifespan (ages 5-85), it is short and easy to administer, and there is support for construct validity.
A New Determination of the Faraday by Means of the Silver Coulometer

Of the several electrochemical determinations of the Faraday constant, most of them done at the National Bureau of Standards (1, 2), the experiment usually cited is that of Craig and his collaborators (1). This experiment exhibited a model concern for detail and moreover showed a somewhat higher precision than the measurements of oxalic and benzoic acids (2). Craig’s measurement employed the electrochemical dissolution of silver into perchloric acid as its principle. He dissolved a highly purified sample of silver anodically into an acid which did not attack silver unless current flowed. Such obstacles to a reliable measurement as electrolyte inclusions in the silver and segregation of the silver isotopes by electrolysis were thus avoided. By separation of the cathode and anode compartments he assured the retention of all debris which inevitably falls from the ingot of silver during the electrolysis.
Perioperative outcomes of elective inflow revascularization for lower extremity claudication in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database

Abstract Background We compared the early postoperative morbidity and mortality rates of contemporary aortofemoral bypass (AFB) and other inflow procedures for claudication. Methods We identified 1974 claudicants who underwent elective AFB ( n = 566) or non-AFB (nonaortofemoral bypass [NAFB]; n = 1408) inflow reconstruction using the ACS-NSQIP database (2005 to 2012). Stent placement was not routinely captured. In propensity score–matched cohorts, we analyzed the association between type of inflow surgery and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Results Among 824 propensity score–matched patients (AFB, n = 412; NAFB, n = 412), the 30-day mortality rate was 2.7% for AFB and .0% for NAFB ( P = .0008). NAFB conferred significantly lower rates of major cardiac (.2% vs 2.4%, P = .0063), respiratory (.7% vs 10.9%, P P = .0380), and septic (.5% vs 3.6%, P = .0014) complications, and fewer returns to the operating room (4.6% vs 9.9%, P = .0032), compared with AFB. Rates of major venous thrombosis, wound complications, peripheral nerve injury, and graft failure were similar between the groups. Conclusions This study reports a higher contemporary short-term complication rate with AFB compared to alternative inflow revascularization, against which future study of long-term durability may be weighed.
United States Food and Drug Laws and Ratites as Emerging Food Animals

Ostriches and emus are emerging as food animals in North America. The absence of approved drugs, and a dearth of knowledge regarding pharmokinetic and tissue residue data represents a challenge to practitioners. The potential for food-borne transmission of pathogens is a significant public health concern. This brief overview of United States Food and Drug laws is intended to remind practitioners of their obligations with respect to ratites intended for human consumption.
Air-Stable Heterobimetallic Catalysts to Effect Ni/Cr-Mediated Couplings with a ca. 1:1 Molar Ratio of Coupling Partners at Low Catalyst Loadings

Two air-stable Ni,Cr-heterobimetallic catalysts have been prepared from ligands 7 and 11, obtained from scyllo-inositol in four and three steps, respectively. Both catalysts smoothly promote Ni/Cr-mediated coupling reactions with a ca. 1:1 molar ratio of coupling partners. The catalyst derived from 11 exhibits a better catalytic profile, thereby allowing Ni/Cr-mediated coupling reactions to be achieved with a wide range of substrates at a low catalyst loading in an operationally simple manner.
Contribution of Monthly and Regional Rainfall to the Strength of Indian Summer Monsoon

AbstractIndian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June–September) has both temporal and spatial variability causing floods and droughts in different seasons and locations, leading to a strong or weak monsoon. Here, the authors present the contribution of all-India monthly, seasonal, and regional rainfall to the ISMR, with an emphasis on the strong and weak monsoons. Here, regional rainfall is restricted to the seasonal rainfall over four regions defined by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) primarily for the purpose of forecasting regional rainfall: northwest India (NWI), northeast India (NEI), central India (CI), and south peninsula India (SPIN). In this study, two rainfall datasets provided by IMD are used: 1) all-India monthly and seasonal (June–September) rainfall series for the entire Indian subcontinent as well as seasonal rainfall series for the four homogeneous regions for the period 1901–2013 and 2) the latest daily gridded rainfall data for the period 1951–2014, which is used for assessment a...
Development of ovine chorionic somatomammotropin hormone-deficient pregnancies

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone (CSH), a placenta-specific secretory product found at high concent...
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in a Obstructive SleepApnea Syndrome associated with Active Acromegaly.

Sleep apnea occurs in approximately 50% of patients with acromegaly, and sleep apnea is associated with increased cardiovascular diseases and mortality. In view of these findings, sleep apnea may be a factor in the increased incidence of cardiovascular deaths in acromegaly patients. We experienced a case of active acromegaly patient, 54-yr-old man, associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, congestive heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy and serious cardiac arrhythmias. He was treated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, diagnosed by overnight polysomnography, with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) for 4 months, which successfully controlled his loud snoring, sleep apnea, nocturnal hypoxemia and apnea-related symptoms. And also he was treated for underlying acromegaly and cardiac complications with bromocriptine and cardiogenic drugs for 4 months, but still had elevated growth hormone(GH) and insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels and serious cardiac arrhythmias. We describe our experience about the effect of CPAP treatment in an active acromegaly patient associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiac complications with review of literature.
Analysis on usage of antibacterial drugs and drug resistance of pathogen in First People's Hospital of Xinxiang during 2012

Objective To analyze the usage of antibacterial drugs and the drug resistance of pathogen in the First People's Hospital of Xinxiang during 2012,and to provide the reliable basis for the clinical rational use of the drug.Methods Frequency and amount of antibacterial drugs,and the drug resistance of pathogen during 2012 were analyzed,retrospectively.Results Among the antibacterial drugs:cephalosporin,penicillin,quinolones,other β-lactams,and macrolides amount ranged in the top five.Single varieties ranked the special level using drug meropenem,aztreonam order before.The define daily dose sum(DDDs) top 15 accounted for the vast majority of drug injection.The resistant rate of Staphylococcus aureus to azithromycin,penicillin,erythromycin was above 90%.The resistant rate of coagulase negative staphylococcus to azithromycin,penicillin,erythromycin was above 75%.The resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and piperacillin was more than 50%.Levofloxacin to klebsiella bacteria and other non fermentation bacteria remained the sensitive to the other bacteria with the resistant rate more than 50%.Meropenem and imipenem remained highly sensitive to the most of bacteria.However,monitoring of resistance rates in hospitals also increased year by year.Conclusion Clinical application of antibiotics and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogens are basically the same,but the drug injection is used with a large quantity and high grade,so it is urgent to strengthen the application of antibacterial drug.
Re/learning Student Teaching Supervision: A Co/autoethnographic Self-Study

AbstractThis article documents the critical friendship of an experienced teacher educator and a doctoral student through our joint exploration of student teaching supervision. By adopting a co/autoethnographic approach, we learned from biographical and contemporaneous critical incidents that informed short- and long-term practices. In particular, we learned about supervision from our experiences as student teachers, mentors, and university supervisors. We learned about supervision through experiences and insights as they occurred and from the relational dynamics provided by our critical friendship. We dissect critical moments that resulted in a series of key understandings. Autobiography informs practice: in sharing our biographies, we developed an understanding and vision for the type of supervision practice we wished to enact. Reflection and discussion inform practice: by journaling and discussing the supervision process, we reconsidered and acted upon practice. Finally, critical friends provide transfo...
Panic and Other Anxiety Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Anxiety, phobic and hysterical disorders have long been areas of distressing diagnostic confusion. In an attempt to clarify some of the confusion in this area the DSM III1 classification attempted to operationalise definitions for anxiety and related disorders with precisely defined criteria in a way that reflected then current views about these disorders. The result was a significant proliferation in the number of anxiety related disorders that were felt to be distinct. What was anxiety neurosis in previous classifications was broken up into two groups 1) generalised anxiety disorder and 2) panic disorder. What was previously phobic neurosis was broken down into 1) simple phobia 2) social phobia 3) agoraphobia with panic attacks 4) agoraphobia without panic attacks. And there were many others. The rationale behind breaking up anxiety neurosis into two groups appeared to be that the severe anxiety disorder associated with spontaneous panic attacks responded well to antidepressant medication2,3 and poorly to benzodiazepines, while the milder anxiety disorder associated with chronic tension and autonomic hyperactivity appeared to respond to benzodiazepines and antidepressants were not needed. The evidence behind this distinction was merely suggestive but on close examination does not inspire much confidence. In the absence of any definitive evidence one way or another it was decided to create 2 disorders where one existed before and to study the apparent differences over the following years.
Informal Science Educator Identity Construction

In this chapter, I will share what we learned about the identity construction of informal science educators engaged in a project called STEPS (The Science Theater Education Programming System). Perhaps more importantly, I will share an identity-based conceptual framework for considering how professional learning programs and environments for informal science educators may be re-invented as vehicles for self-discovery in order to tap into the full potential these individuals bring and the quickly evolving field they comprise.
A randomized phase II trial of concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy (RT) followed by dose dense compared to metronomic TMZ and maintenance cis-retinoic acid for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

2031 Background: Metronomic and dose dense scheduling are alternatives to conventional TMZ regimens to overcome drug resistance in part by depleting O-6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Furthermore, metronomic TMZ may inhibit endothelial recovery and act as an anti-angiogenic therapy; dose dense TMZ increases the intensity of drug delivery. Objective: To determine the overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated with concurrent TMZ and RT followed by dose dense or metronomic TMZ and maintenance cis-retinoic acid. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed GBM underwent standard RT with TMZ. Upon completion of this treatment, patients were randomized to receive dose-dense TMZ (150mg/m2, days 1–7 and 15–21 of a 28 day cycle) or metronomic TMZ (50mg/m2 daily in 28 day cycles), for 6 cycles. Maintenance cis-retinoic acid was prescribed following the 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ. OS and PFS were calculated from date of diagnosis. Pro...
Hymenoptera stings: A practical guide to prevention and management

Summertime stings—which actually peak in incidence late in the season—can result in either a mild local reaction and a lesson learned, or a systemic allergic reaction with a devastating outcome. Here are strategies to help you and your patients prevent stings and their potentially devastating outcomes.
Central serous chorioretinopathy and glucocorticoids: an update on evidence for association

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a common idiopathic retinal disease characterized by central vision loss from serous detachment of the neurosensory retina, serous pigment epithelial detachments, and leakage of fluid through the retinal pigment epithelium into the subretinal space. The concept of an association between exogenous glucocorticoid use and central serous chorioretinopathy is widely accepted among ophthalmologists. Here, we review the evidence for and against such an association. This evidence includes 2 large, case-control studies that found strong associations, and a smaller, population-based study that found no association. We conclude that the preponderance of the literature on this topic supports the existence of an association. Both exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids have been implicated. Although a mechanism and a causal relationship remain to be established, the association deserves broader recognition among physicians who prescribe glucocorticoids.
Model-based diagnostics of ammonia storage non-uniformity for a selective catalytic reduction system

In this study, we created a unique two-cell (in parallel) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) platform for investigating the impact of ammonia storage non-uniformity on the emission reduction performance in simulation environment. The established two-cell SCR platform allows users to independently control the ammonia-to-NO x ratio (ANR) for each cell using two independent urea solution injectors. Simulation results over US06 cycle demonstrate that, compared to the case without ammonia storage non-uniformity, the tailpipe NO x and ammonia emissions can be increased by 6.73% and 22.0%, respectively, due to ammonia storage non-uniformity resulted from an ANR non-uniformity index (NUI) at 0.2. Furthermore, we proposed an innovative model-based method for diagnosing the ammonia coverage ratio non-uniformity (i.e., ammonia storage non-uniformity if storage capacity is known) by utilizing a control-oriented SCR model and the overall tailpipe NO x and ammonia measurements. Simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating the trend of ammonia coverage ratio non-uniformity change.
Summary and Prospects

The brief concluding this chapter reiterates some of the open issues of supernova research that were discussed in the book and mentions the prospects for observational and computational progress in the future.
Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions of Florida’s Prescription Drug Monitoring Program:

Prescription pain medication misuse and abuse is a considerable criminal justice and public health problem in the United States. As a result, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have been...
Current Developments and Future Perspectives of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an interdisciplinary field encompassing many disciplines, including engineering, medicine, and science. The field has gained an enormous attention due to its potential to replace damaged human tissues and organs and restore normal function [1–3]. Although the early concept of tissue engineering was developed based on cell culture techniques, recent advances in the field combine multiple innovative technologies to accelerate the translation of clinical therapies. In fact, a number of TERM technologies have advanced to human clinical trials and commercialized [4, 5]. In this chapter, we review the current developments and recent progresses made in the field of TERM and discuss the most relevant challenges and future perspectives in the translation of TERM research.
Regulation of FOXO Factors in Mammalian Cells

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are central regulators of cellular homeostasis. FOXOs respond to a wide range of external stimuli, including growth factor signaling, oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, and nutrient deprivation. These signaling inputs regulate FOXOs through a number of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation. Covalent modifications can affect localization, DNA binding, and interactions with other cofactors in the cell. FOXOs integrate the various modifications to regulate cell type-specific gene expression programs that are essential for metabolic homeostasis, redox balance, and the stress response. Together, these functions are critical for coordinating a response to environmental fluctuations in order to maintain cellular homeostasis during development and to support healthy aging.
Dynamics of OmpF Trimer Formation in the Bacterial Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli

The self-assembly of outer membrane protein F (OmpF) in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria was studied using multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. To accommodate the long time scale required for protein assembly, coarse-grained parametrization of E. coli outer membrane lipids was first developed. The OmpF monomers formed stable dimers at specific protein–protein interactions sites irrespective of the lipid membrane environment. The dimer intermediate was asymmetric but provided a template to form a symmetric trimer. Superposition analysis of the self-assembled trimer with the X-ray crystal structure of the trimer available in the protein data bank showed excellent agreement with global root-mean-square deviation of less than 2.2 A. The free energy change associated with dimer formation was −26 ± 1 kcal mol–1, and for a dimer to bind to a monomer and to form a trimer yielded −56 ± 4 kcal mol–1. Based on thermodynamic data, an alternate path to trimer formation via interactio...
Development of a Postburn Pruritus Relief Protocol

Background Postburn pruritus is a syndrome of stressful symptoms that is pervasive and occurs in over 90% of burn patients and continues for years after the burn has healed. Postburn pruritus is experienced by burn survivors that may require medical management and effective interventions. Purpose This article shows how to effectively relieve postburn pruritus by developing a postburn pruritus relief protocol. Design A descriptive literature review was conducted, and relevant empirical articles written during the years 2000-2014 were appraised to create a postburn pruritus relief protocol. Twenty-six of 79 articles were selected using preestablished inclusion criteria: any age group experiencing burn-related pruritus after second- or third-degree burns. Databases were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, EBSCO, PubMed, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, Google Scholar, and the American Burn Association website. Conclusions This protocol included both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions that have been delineated for use and was developed to apply based on the healing stage: prehealing, healing, and posthealing.
Atomistic Tight-Binding Study of Contact Resistivity in Si/SiGe PMOS Schottky Contacts

The metal-semiconductor contact resistivity has started to play a critical role for the overall device performance as Si is reaching 10-nm size ranges. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) target predicts a requirement of $\text{10}^{-9} \; \Omega {\cdot} \text{cm}^{2}$ by 2023 which has been a challenging target to achieve. This paper explores the impact of doping concentration, Schottky barrier height, strain, and SiGe mole fraction on the resistivity of Si/SiGe p-type metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) contacts with 20-band atomistic tight binding quantum transport simulations. Commonly used simple effective mass approximation models are shown to overestimate the resistivity values. The predicted model results are compared with experimental data and the device parameters needed to achieve $\text{10}^{-9} \; \Omega {\cdot} \text{cm}^{2}$ are identified.
Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County, Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r 2=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.
Genetic-Based Susceptibility of a Foundation Tree to Herbivory Interacts With Climate to Influence Arthropod Community Composition, Diversity, and Resilience.

Understanding gene by climate interactions among species, especially in the context of extreme events, will help improve predictions of climate change impacts on biodiversity. However, few studies have examined such interactions within a community context. Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) in the southwestern U.S. shows genetic-based resistance and susceptibility to pinyon needle scale (Matsucoccus acalyptus). We sought to determine if resistance or susceptibility to scale herbivory also influenced the composition of the extended community of 250+ arthropod species, and if this influence would be consistent across consecutive years, an extreme drought year followed by a moderate drought year. Because scale insects alter the architecture of susceptible trees, it is difficult to separate the direct genetic influences of resistance and susceptibility on arthropod communities from the indirect influences of scale-altered tree architecture. To separate these influences, scales were experimentally excluded from susceptible trees for 15 years creating susceptible trees with the architecture of resistant trees, hereafter referred to as scale-excluded trees. Four patterns emerged. 1) In both years, arthropod abundance was 3-4X lower on susceptible trees compared to resistant and scale-excluded trees. 2) Species accumulation curves show that alpha and gamma diversity were 2-3X lower on susceptible trees compared to resistant and scale-excluded trees. 3) There was a significant GxE interaction with year; during extreme drought, arthropod community composition on scale-excluded trees resembled susceptible trees indicating that composition was influenced more by tree genetics. However, under moderate drought, the community on scale-excluded trees resembled the resistant trees indicating that arthropod community composition was influenced more by traits associated with architecture. 4) One year after extreme drought, the arthropod community rebounded sharply. However, there was a greater rebound in arthropod richness and abundance on resistant trees compared to susceptible trees suggesting that resiliency in the arthropod community is also linked to tree genetics. These results argue that genetic influences that affect individual plant-herbivore interactions may directly and indirectly have community-level impacts on diversity, and these influences can be modulated by changing climate. Understanding gene by climate interactions such as these is important for assessing the impacts of climate change on forest diversity.
Racial Disparities in Public Meeting Participation? Examining Past Evidence and Nationally Representative Data:

Are there racial/ethnic disparities in local public meeting participation? To date, very few studies investigating this question centrally or peripherally have relied on nationally representative d...
Low cost current mode data acquisition board for X-ray backscatter imaging systems

Abstract Compton backscatter imaging is a single-sided imaging technique and can be used as an excellent NDE tool for various applications. To develop an efficient and a high-resolution x-ray backscatter imaging system, a low-cost data acquisition electronic board to work with scintillation detectors in current mode is developed and tested. This in-house built current mode data acquisition board allows for higher count rate and to collect more information about the energy deposited in the detector. The board provides four independent data measuring channels running in current mode. Each channel can be configured with 500 integration selections and 2500 gain selections manually and digitally. The data from all four channels are sampled by a 32-bit micro-controller with onboard 16-bit high-speed ADCs with sample rates up to 1200 ksps/channel. The board also provides 22 general I/Os, which can be used to control mechanical components such as raster scanning tables, linear motion stages and rotating collimators . The total cost of this unique data acquisition board is less than $150. With an open system design, other modules can be added to this board to increase functionalities. This low-cost current mode data acquisition board has been tested on the backscatter imaging system at UF under different experiment setups. From the backscattered images of the concrete contrast tool, the minimum detectable depth of the defect is 1.5 mm with the RSD system and the data acquisition board. With its undeniable low price and from the results, this data acquisition board shows great potential in x-ray backscatter imaging and signal measurement applications such as non-destructive inspection of CFAT materials.
NO/cGMP/PKG activation protects Drosophila cells subjected to hypoxic stress.

Abstract The anoxia-tolerant fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has routinely been used to examine cellular mechanisms responsible for anoxic and oxidative stress resistance. Nitric oxide (NO), an important cellular signaling molecule, and its downstream activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) has been implicated as a protective mechanism against ischemic injury in diverse animal models from insects to mammals. In Drosophila, increased PKG signaling results in increased survival of animals exposed to anoxic stress. To determine if activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway is protective at the cellular level, the present study employed a pharmacological protocol to mimic hypoxic injury in Drosophila S2 cells. The commonly used S2 cell line was derived from a primary culture of late stage (20–24 h old) Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Hypoxic stress was induced by exposure to either sodium azide (NaN3) or cobalt chloride (CoCl2). During chemical hypoxic stress, NO/cGMP/PKG activation protected against cell death and this mechanism involved modulation of downstream mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels (mitoKATP). The cellular protection afforded by NO/cGMP/PKG activation during ischemia-like stress may be an adaptive cytoprotective mechanism and modulation of this signaling cascade could serve as a potential therapeutic target for protection against hypoxia or ischemia-induced cellular injury.
Abstract 755: Fas Ligand- and Nitric Oxide-Releasing Stent

To restore blood flow in stenotic vessels such as coronary arteries, metallic vascular stents are often used. However, stent deployment under high pressure leads to vascular wall and smooth muscle ...
Reversible retinoschisis following high voltage electrical injury evaluated with optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology.

Abstract Purpose To report a carefully studied case of high voltage electrical injury of the retina and optic nerve with anatomically reversible retinoschisis. Methods Observational case report. Results A 22 year old power company worker was electrocuted with 12,000 V, with his left forehead being the exit point of the current. After regaining consciousness he reported decreased vision with both eyes. He was extensively tested with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), full field electroretinography (ffERG), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and Goldmann-type Octopus automated perimetry in addition to careful clinical examinations. Our investigations revealed severe visual field constriction in both eyes, severe coagulative damage leading to inner and outer retinal atrophy, subretinal fluid collection, retinoschisis cavities, and papillitis. Initially he was treated with 100 mg prednisone per day for one week and 250 mg acetazolamide per day which was continued for 3 months. Over time the OCT signs of retinoschisis resolved but visual acuity and visual field improvement did not occur. Conclusion Resolution of retinoschisis cavities following electrical damage does not necessarily lead to improvement in visual function due to the many accompanying structural injuries.
Administration of purified colonization factor antigens (CFA/I, CFA/II) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to volunteers

Abstract Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) were administered orally to volunteers, and the mucosal immune response was assessed by measuring secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva and intestinal secretions and by challenge with virulent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A combination of CFA/I and CFA/II (8 mg each) administered orally in four doses in milk failed to induce a mucosal IgA response and also failed to protect against challenge with CFA-positive ETEC. When CFA was administered orally (1.5 mg divided into three doses with bicarbonate) to volunteers without preexisting serum anti-CFA levels, it failed to elicit a serum IgG or intestinal secretory IgA response or to protect against challenge with virulent ETEC. The CFA is destroyed by acid gastric contents but it induced significant antibody titer rises in 8 of 11 (73%) volunteers with preexisting serum anti-CFA IgG levels after oral administration of 1 mg of CFA/I with sodium bicarbonate. Subcutaneous priming (50 μg CFA/I) did not induce a serum IgG response but, when followed by oral boosting (1 mg CFA/I in two divided doses with sodium bicarbonate), induced intestinal anti-CFA secretory IgA in 4 of 8 volunteers and protected against challenge with CFA/I-positive ETEC. These results, although preliminary, are encouraging and demonstrate that it may be possible to develop an effective oral vaccine based on soluble nonreplicating antigens such as purified CFAs.
Assessing Interest in Sustainable Seafood through Strategically Framed Interpretive Statements

One billion people rely on the ocean for protein. Sustainable seafood initiatives can engage citizens on a consumer level, empowering them to shape our world with food choices. Communication is a u...
Philanthropic Disruptions: Changing Nonprofit Education for an Engaged Society

The authors link the development of nonprofit education to the historical transformations of the nonprofit sector. They argue that the professionalization of the nonprofit sector has led to the cur...
Xinjiang in China’s Public Diplomacy in Central Asia: Case Study of Almaty

This chapter presents a case study of China’s public diplomacy in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The research draws on textual sources and media reports, as well as on field research conducted in Almaty in January and February 2016 and September 2019. The discussion focuses on how China’s public diplomacy and image-building efforts make use of its Xinjiang region and its transnational Turkic Muslim nationalities, mainly Uyghurs and Kazakhs. It is demonstrated that the Chinese authorities perceive Xinjiang and its Muslims as potential mediators of Sino-Central Asian relations and incorporate them, to a certain degree, into China’s localized information activities and public diplomacy. The chapter goes on to show that China’s public diplomacy in the region seeks to construct a national image of ethno-cultural diversity, religious freedom, historically grounded inter-cultural contact, opportunities for dynamic development, openness, reliability, peacefulness, and other positive values. China’s efforts in Kazakhstan also benefit from the fact that some Kazakhstani intelligentsia view Xinjiang, its transnational Muslim nationalities, and related issues in ways similar to those of PRC actors. Overall, the PRC’s public diplomacy is inhibited by the fact that the party-state has simultaneously regarded its Xinjiang Muslim communities as a security threat and subjected them to repressive domestic policies, particularly since 2017. This research thus reveals a major shortcoming in China’s public diplomacy, in that China’s resolve to use Xinjiang and its transnational Muslim ethnic groups as actors of its public diplomacy in Central Asia contradicts its simultaneous domestic representation and treatment of these very communities as a security threat. It follows that the message of China’s public diplomacy in Central Asia is inconsistent with its domestic policies and thus lacks credibility.
Design and performance analysis of a mobile, land-based micro-reactor

Abstract This work examines a mobile, land-based micro-reactor concept based on the mobile low power reactor prototype 1 (ML-1). A detailed model of the ML-1 micro-reactor was created in MCNP® and compared with experimental data from multiple demonstrations conducted between 1962 and 1965. The computed values agree with experimental data, evidenced by an obtained keff of 1.10705 ± 0.00104 versus an expected value of 1.102 ± 0.007. A low cost-estimate of $71.1 million and high cost- estimate of $291.3 million in today’s dollars for a micro-reactor design based on the ML-1 concept was obtained using program costs captured in Congressional legislative records and the average inflation rate. Improvements were made to the ML-1 design using advanced fuel materials to meet contemporary design requirements. It has been demonstrated that a modernized reactor configuration utilizing fuel in uranium carbide form, with 19.75% U-235 enrichment, and helium coolant can support steady state operation at 3 MWth for 3 years.
The temporal relationship between large‐ and small‐capitalization stock returns:

Abstract In this study, we provide some evidence of Granger-causal transmission of information to the correlation between large- and small-cap stock indexes in the UK. We employ the bivariate Logistic Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (LEGARCH) specification proposed by Darbar and Deb [Darbar, S. M., & Deb, P. (1999). Linkages among asset markets in the United States—tests in a bivariate GARCH framework . IMF Working Paper WP/99/158; Darbar, S. M., & Deb, P. (2000). Transmission of information and cross-market correlations. Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis Working Paper.] and document correlation persistence, and a two-way information flow. More specifically, information to the large-cap stock index positively affects its next period correlation with the small-cap index, whereas information to the small-cap index negatively affects its next period correlation with the large-cap index. We also find evidence supporting the presence of both a January effect and an April effect in both small-cap and large-cap returns.
Changes in pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate in blood, liver and brain in the pregnant mouse

A decrease in plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) occurs during pregnancy in humans and experimental animals for reasons that are not known. To determine if mice also develop decreased plasma PLP concentrations during pregnancy, and if plasma PLP levels in pregnancy reflect tissue levels of PLP and pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate (PMP), we measured PLP concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes and whole blood, and liver and brain PLP and PMP in control and pregnant mice. Mice were fed a nonpurified diet containing 8.13 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg. The PLP analyses were performed in our newly developed apotryptophanase method in which the substrate S-benzyl-L-cysteine is hydrolyzed to benzyl mercaptan, reacted with Ellman's reagent and measured spectrophotometrically. During pregnancy, plasma PLP levels decreased 50% below control levels, but erythrocyte and whole blood PLP levels increased 2.9- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Liver PLP and PMP decreased 25%, in parallel with plasma PLP, but brain PLP and PMP concentrations were unchanged during pregnancy. These results suggest that metabolism or utilization of vitamin B-6 is altered in pregnancy, and that plasma PLP concentrations alone may not be a good indicator of nutritional status in pregnancy.
Modes of Normal Conscious Flow

When we speak of consciousness we are referring to the sum total of events in awareness. The term by no means exhausts the realm of things psychological, but it does encompass all of an individual’s direct experience. When we speak of the flow of consciousness we are referring to the changes that take place in consciousness over time. The events of consciousness are, of course, extremely complex and varied. They embrace images in every sensory modality and in every degree of vividness, realism, and believability, including inner dialogue, hallucinations, reveries, and dreamlike sequences; and they also embrace qualities that are at the same time less figured and more pervasive than these—the affects. This chapter focuses on a broad class of these conscious contents. They do not contain the imagery of current perceptual activity but they contain imaginai qualities that one can describe in terms of forms, colors, sounds, words, smells, tastes, temperatures, and the like. I shall refer to this class as ”thought.” This chapter brings together ideas and data regarding ways to observe thought, the dimensions and forms of thought, and the factors that determine the content of thought as it changes from one moment to the next.
The araBAD operon of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. II. Nucleotide sequence of araA and primary structure of its product, L-arabinose isomerase.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of gene araA of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been determined. The gene encodes an l -arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) of 500 amino acid residues with a calculated M r of 55 814. The ATG start codon of araA is 10 bp distal to the TAA termination codon of araB . A presumed ribosome-binding site (RBS) “TAAGGA” 7 bp from the ATG codon overlaps the stop codon of araB . l -Arabinose isomerase was purified and the amino acid composition is in agreement with that predicted from the DNA sequence. The NH 2 -terminus of the protein is modified as the sequence cannot be analyzed by the automated Edman degradation. Amino acid composition analyses of both NH 2 -terminal and C-terminal cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleaved peptides and partial amino acid sequence of the C-terminal peptide are consistent with the deduced amino acid sequence.
Groping Toward Democracy: African American Social Welfare Reform in St. Louis 1910–1949, by Dowden-White, P. Banded Together: Economic Democratization in the Brass Valley, by Brecher, J.

Although most of us who teach and practice community organizing (CO) still wonder about the impact on the field of having the first president of the United States with formal CO training and experi...
Genes for resistance to stripe rust in four spring wheat varieties

The stripe rust resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties ‘Anza’, ‘Glennson 81’, ‘Ollanta’, and ‘Yecora Rojo’ gave 1,2,2, and 2-gene segregations, respectively, in hybrids with susceptible ‘Jupateco 73’ when inoculated in field conditions at Davis, California USA with Puccinia striiformis West. pathotype CDL-6 and rated at post-heading stage. Intercrosses of these varieties, ‘Anza’/‘Yecora Rojo’ was not studied, permitted the following conclusions about the genes expressed in adult plants: ‘Anza’, one recessive gene; ‘Glennson 81’, two dominant genes; ‘Ollanta’, two genes, at least one is dominant; and ‘Yecora Rojo’; one dominant and one recessive gene, one of which is common with ‘Ollanta’. The resistance genes in these varieties, which expressed resistance in the seedling stage, were believed to be effective at the adult stage. Thus, seven resistance genes were identified in the four varieties. The genotypes were designated for the purposes of this study as follows: ‘Anza’, YrA YrH; ‘Glennson 81’, Yr9, YrJ, ‘Ollanta’ YrL YrD; and ‘Yecora Rojo, YrC YrD. It was recommended that these and other Yr genes be used as multiple gene complexes to increase durability of resistance to P. striiformis, an organism known to evolve virulence rapidly in field conditions. The demonstrated durability of ‘Anza’ in California may be a result of its combination of resistance alleles at two loci.
Introduction to the Commentary

This Part has two themes: in the first place it purports to set forth an explanation of Wittgenstein’s work to guide those who wish to read it, and, in the second place, it seeks to defend him against his followers, on the plea that never before has a man’s work been responded to by such an immediate and enthusiastic set of partial deductions and misrepresentations. His followers adhere to his announced views in a way that in his own writings he did not; they defend him in ways in which he would not wish to be defended; and lastly, and perhaps most damagingly, they claim him in a way in which it is doubtful whether he would wish to be claimed. But whether he would wish to be so claimed or not is, for some purposes, irrelevant; we do not have Wittgenstein with us any more but we do have his work, and the meaning of his work is an open question.