cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ATM queue manager handling multiple delay and loss priorities

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique has been widely accepted as a flexible and effective scheme to transport various traffic over the future broadband network. To fully utilize network resources while still providing satisfactory quality of service (QOS) to all network users, prioritizing the user's traffic according to their service requirements becomes necessary. During call setup or service provisioning, each service can be assigned a service class determined by a delay priority and a loss priority. A queue manager in ATM network nodes will schedule ATM cells departing and discarding sequence based on their delay and loss priorities. Most queue management schemes proposed so far only consider either one of these two priority types. The queue manager handles multiple delay and loss priorities simultaneously. Moreover, a cell discarding strategy, called push-out, that allows the buffer to be completely shared by all service classes, has been adopted in the queue manager. We propose a practical architecture to implement the queue manager by using available VLSI sequencer chips.
Modification of micro-cantilever sensors with sol-gels to enhance performance and immobilize chemically selective phases

A chemical sensor based on the deflection of a surface modified silicon micro-cantilever is presented. A thin film of sol-gel was applied to one side of the micro-cantilever surface using a spin coating procedure. The sensor has been shown to give different responses to vapor phase analytes of varying chemical composition, as well as to varying concentrations of a given analyte. Ethanol, a highly polar molecule, exhibits a strong affinity for the polar sol-gel coating resulting in a large response; pentane, a non-polar hydrocarbon, shows very little response. The sol-gel coating has also been shown to function as a backbone for the immobilization of chemically selective phases on the cantilever surface. Reaction of the sol-gel film with chlorotriethoxysilane and subsequent capping of the remaining reactive surface silanols with hexamethyldisilizane increases the non-polar nature of the film. This results in an increase in the response of the sensor to non-polar analytes. The effects of film thickness and cantilever structure thickness on response were also investigated.
Coevolutionary hotspots and coldspots for host sex and parasite local adaptation in a snail–trematode interaction

Reciprocal adaptation between interacting species may occur in some regions (coevolutionary ‘hotspots’) and not others (‘coldspots’). In a previous study, we found hotspots and coldspots along a continuous depth gradient in two different New Zealand lakes. Specifically, we found that Microphallus sp. trematodes were locally adapted to Potamopyrgus antipodarum snails collected from shallow-water margins of the lakes, but not to snails collected from deep-water habitats. As sexual snails were more common in the shallow water, and asexual snails more common in the deep water, the results were also consistent with the Red Queen hypothesis, which predicts that sex should be favored in environments with coevolving parasites. Here, we repeated our earlier experiment to determine whether the results are robust over time (two years) and space (three lakes). We also tested whether our measure of parasite local adaptation was sensitive to parasite dose. Our results suggest that shallow-water habitats are temporally stable coevolutionary hotspots, and that the pattern is spatially robust over three lake populations. We also found that, while parasite dose affects the magnitude of local adaptation, it does not obscure the signature of local adaptation in this snail–trematode system.
High pressure syntheses of SmB2 and GdB12

Borides with a composition LnB2 and LnB12 have been reported [1,2] for the smaller members of the lanthanide series. Diborides have been prepared [3–10] for Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc and dodecaborides are known [5,6,11–16] for Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc. The diborides are isomorphous, with an AlB2-type (C32) structure. This structure is hexagonal (P6/mmm) and consists of alternating layers of metal atoms and boron atoms. The metal atoms form close-packed (36) layers and the boron atoms, hexagonal (63) layers. The layers are arranged such that boron atoms are positioned over the faces of the triangles formed by the metal atoms. The dodecaborides (except SCB12) each assume a UB12-type(D2f) structure. This structure is cubic (Fm3m) with metal atoms at fcc positions and each metal atom surrounded by a B24 cubo-octahedron. The tetragonal structure of ScB12 is described by Matkovich, et al. [16].
Oxygen consumption and energetics of development in eggs of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea

Abstract 1. 1. The rate of oxygen consumption of eggs of the leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea , was measured throughout incubation to (a) establish the pattern of change during incubation and thus test the hypothesis that the “peaked” pattern of oxygen consumption allows synchrony of hatching in some turtles, and (b) enable an estimate of the energetic cost of development for comparison with other species. 2. 2. Unlike other sea turtles, the rate of oxygen consumption reached a plateau late in incubation. 3. 3. The pattern observed in D. coriacea does not refute the hypothesis that a peaked pattern of oxygen consumption provides a catch-up period for synchronous hatching. 4. 4. The energetic cost of development in D. coriacea (483 ml/g dry mass) is similar to that in other turtles (496ml/g dry mass, N = 3 species) and much lower than for precocial birds (815–1021 ml/g dry mass). Similar estimates of cost in turtles from 3 families of turtles strongly suggest a common pattern, but the source of apparent efficiency of development compared to birds remains to be investigated. 5. 5. Husbandry of the eggs during experimentation supports the suggestion that sea turtles may require unusually high substratum water potentials during incubation.
Changing epidemiology of group A streptococcal infection in the USA

To see whether changes in the epidemiology of group A streptococcal disease in the USA have been accompanied by a corresponding change in serotype distribution, epidemiological and M-typing and T-typing data for 5193 strains sent to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, between 1972 and 1988 were analysed. The proportions of M-types 1, 3, and 18 increased significantly during the study period. These M-types were more likely to be invasive, to cause fatal infection, and to occur in a cluster of infections than were other types. By contrast, the proportions of M-types 4 and 12 decreased; they were less invasive and were less likely to be found in clusters than were other types. These data suggest that changes in the epidemiology of group A streptococcal disease may be related to changes in the distribution of M-types causing infection.
SU-E-J-152: Fluoroscopic Treatment Verification for Gated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of a Tumor Located Near the Dome of the Liver: A

Purpose: To describe a method using pretreatment and intrafraction fluoroscopic verification of the gated treatment of a liver lesion located near the diaphragm. Methods: A 74‐year‐old female patient, who had previously received radiation to the lung, presented with a 13.8 cc tumor located 0.5 cm inferior to the superior border of the liver, moving 2 cm in the cranio‐caudal direction with breathing. A planning CT with contrast in full exhale breath hold (FEBH) was acquired to reduce motion artifact, followed by a 4‐dimensional (4D) CT. The gross target volume (GTV) was contoured on the FEBH CT and propagated only to the 25% inspiration (25In) and 25% expiration (25Ex) phases of the 4D‐CT, in order to reduce lung dose. An internal target volume (ITV) was created encompassing all 3 phases. A plan was created to deliver 50 Gy to the PTV (ITV+0.3cm laterally and inferiorly) in 5 fractions using 3D conformal planning gated on the FE, 25In and 25Ex phases. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) were created for each beam angle and for each of the 3 respiratory phases included in the gating window. Prior to treatment, a mega‐voltage (MV)‐CBCT was acquired and its projections were analyzed in cine‐mode. Intrafraction motion verification was monitored using MV‐fluoroscopy. On both cine and fluoroscopy movies, the respiratory phase was identified using the position of the diaphragm, and the frames were compared to the corresponding DRRs. Results: Qualitative analysis on both the pretreatment cine and intrafraction fluoroscopy movies showed a clinically acceptable agreement between plan and treatment position. Conclusion: We described a treatment verification method for gated SBRT of lesions near the dome of the liver, using pre‐treatment and intrafraction fluoroscopic movies. This method is a good gated treatment quality assurance tool allowing to confidently spare lung tissue.
Spaceborne lidar remote sensing techniques aided by surface returns

This paper describes approaches for using the strong return signals from ground/sea reflections to improve upon the information that can be retrieved from spaceborne lidar observations. Relations are presented for computing lidar ground/sea returns, and examples are given for representative lidar parameters and surface characteristics. Various methods are outlined for obtaining information about atmospheric transmittance, surface reflectance, and aerosol/cloud features from lidar ground/sea returns. Techniques for retrieving aerosol extinction profiles from atmospheric lidar returns are also presented, including retrieval examples.
Non-joint Technologies

The hypothesis of non-jointness in input quantities (separate production functions) is well-known, and it plays an important role in many areas of economics. In this paper we define three additional forms of non-jointness which have received little or no attention in the literature, and which might be relevant for the firm as well as for the representation of the aggregate technology. We characterize all forms of non-jointness in terms of variable profit and joint cost functions. This yields a number of restrictions which are all testable empirically. The assumption that production is non-joint in input quantities (separate production functions, inputs allocated between the different production processes) plays a crucial role in many areas of economic theory. We need only think of international trade theory, public finance, macroeconomics, growth theory or traded-non-traded good models of international finance. In fact, it is safe to say that more often than not production is assumed non-joint in input quantities in multiple-output models. Little work has been done to test the empirical validity of the assumption of non-jointness in input quantities. Samuelson (1966) studies the characterization of non-joint technologies in terms of the transformation function. As pointed out by Hall (1973), however, Samuelson's results do not seem very useful for econometric work. Hall studies the characterization of non-jointness in input quantities in terms of the joint cost function; this leads to a number of restrictions which can easily be imposed or tested for, and which were used in empirical work by Burgess (1976) and by Kohli (1981). Lau (1972, 1978), finally, characterizes non-jointness in input quantities in terms of the profit function. Besides non-jointness in input quantities, Lau also examines the case of non-jointness in output quantities (when an input can be "cracked" into several outputs). In this paper we define two additional cases of non-jointness, and we characterize them in terms of the joint cost function and the variable (or normalized restricted) profit function. The new forms of non-jointness that we define may be useful to describe technologies at the level of the firm, and, may be even more so, at the aggregate level; some may be useful concepts in other areas of economics as well, such as consumer theory. By distinguishing between the various forms of non-jointness one obtains a number of testable restrictions on the corresponding joint cost or variable profit functions.
FINITE SIZE AND CURRENT EFFECTS ON IV CHARACTERISTICS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTION ARRAYS

The effects of finite size and of finite current on the current-voltage characteristics of Josephson junction arrays are studied both theoretically and by numerical simulations. The crossover from nonlinear to linear behavior at low temperature is shown to be a finite size effect and the nonlinear behavior at higher temperature, Tg${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{KT}}$, is shown to be a finite current effect. These are argued to result from competition between the length scales characterizing the system. The importance of boundary effects is discussed and it is shown that these may dominate the behavior in small arrays.
Critical level of radiation damage of root apical meristem and mechanisms for its recovery in Pisum sativum L.

Dose dependencies of growth and cytogenetic values have been built to determine that the critical level of root apical meristem damage induced by cute irradiation within the range from 2 to 20 Gy. Causal relationships between frequency of chromosome aberrations and death of tissue, organ, and organism have been analyzed. The critical level of damage in the stem apical meristem and root of seedlings was defined as 44–48% of aberrant anaphase. The exceeding of this level results in launch of a suicidal program in the meristem through induction of multiaberrant damages and interphase cell death. It is assumed that cell competition between clones of nonaberrant, aberrant with single damages, and multiaberrant cells plays an important role in mechanisms of recovery. The exceeding of a 50% level of aberrations results in total or partial recovery of root apical meristem by regeneration. Approximately 70% of chromosome aberrations are the critical index of root apical meristem damage which still allow its regeneration. However, these local regeneration processes are insufficient for recovery of morphogenesis and survival of seedlings.
Ferrous iron determination in plant tissue

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine ferrous iron (iron2+, Fe2+) in plant tissues. Iron2+ could be readily extracted from leaf tissue with aqueous solutions of the chelating agents OPh (1,10‐o‐phenanthroline) and PDTS [ferrozine; 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5,6‐bis‐(4‐phenylsulfonic acid)‐1,2,4‐triazine]. Iron2+ values did not increase when leaf tissues were extracted more than 30 minutes. The first two extractions of the same tissue yielded higher Fe2+ values than subsequent extractions. After the third extraction of the same tissue, Fe2+ remained relatively constant. Even after seven extractions of the same tissue, some Fe2+ could be extracted which indicated that some iron (Fe) was probably being converted to Fe2+ with each extraction. Initial extractions of the plant material had higher Fe2+ values when extracted with OPh than for PDTS, but subsequent extractions showed similar Fe2+ values for both extractants. Higher Fe2+ values were obtained from fresh leaf tissue than from freeze‐dried or oven‐dried ...
Spectrum and antimicrobial activity of Alexomycin (PNU-82, 127), a peptide compound projected for use in animal health

Alexomycin (PNU-82, 127) is a thiopeptide antimicrobial complex intended for veterinary practice that belongs to a series of cyclic peptides produced by Streptomyces arginensis. MICs against selected routine and fastidious clinical isolates of animal and human origin were determined by broth microdilution or agar dilution reference methods. Alexomycin was active against Gram-positive pathogens such as oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (260 strains; MIC90, 0.5 microgram/mL), as well as Enterococcus species (95 strains; MIC90, 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/mL), and generally inactive against Gram-negative aerobes. Alexomycin had more potent activity against Streptococcus bovis (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/mL), S. agalactiae (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/mL), Corynebacterium species (MIC90, 0.06-0.12 microgram/mL), and Listeria monocytogenes (MIC90, 0.5 microgram/mL). Alexomycin activity was limited against Bacillus species (MIC90, 1 microgram/mL), Neisseria meningiditis (MIC90, 2 micrograms/mL), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90, 8 micrograms/mL), Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90, 16 micrograms/mL), and Campylobacter jejuni (MIC90, 32 micrograms/mL). This thiopeptide complex was also found to be stable at low concentrations (0.015-32 micrograms/mL) in Mueller-Hinton broth for up to 24 h, possesses static antimicrobial activity and did not produce resistant mutants after multiple passages at subinhibitory drug concentrations. Alexomycin seems to have potential for use as a feed additive to increase feed efficiency and promote growth in poultry and swine as well as other applications against Gram-positive pathogens.
The stability and antitumor activity of recycled (intravesical) mitomycin C

Although intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) is effective in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, its expense is a major factor limiting its use. These authors have analyzed the antitumor activity and stability of MMC following 2-hour intravesical instillation in consideration of recycling the drug or using a smaller dose over a longer retention time. The first voided urine samples from 11 patients who received 40 mg MMC intravesically were measured for MMC content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An average of 50% of the parent drug was recovered. MMC from the urine samples inhibited the growth of a transplantable murine transitional cell carcinoma as effectively as stock drug. Moreover, MMC is relatively stable in human urine at body temperature. These findings suggest that recovery and reuse of the intravesically administered drug is possible and if sterility and appropriate concentrations can be established for the initial and subsequent doses, the drug may be able to be recycled.
Donor Chimerism Early after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Relapse and Survival

Abstract The impact of early donor cell chimerism on outcomes of T cell–replete reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is ill defined. We evaluated day 30 (D30) and 100 (D100) total donor cell chimerism after RIC HSCT undertaken between 2002 and 2010 at our institution, excluding patients who died or relapsed before D30. When available, donor T cell chimerism was also assessed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), relapse, and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). We evaluated 688 patients with hematologic malignancies (48% myeloid and 52% lymphoid) and a median age of 57 years (range, 18 to 74) undergoing RIC HSCT with T cell–replete donor grafts (97% peripheral blood; 92% HLA-matched), with a median follow-up of 58.2 months (range, 12.6 to 120.7). In multivariable analysis, total donor cell and T cell chimerism at D30 and D100 each predicted RIC HSCT outcomes, with D100 total donor cell chimerism most predictive. D100 total donor cell chimerism
On the Numerical Prediction of Interfacial Instabilities in Shear Flows (Keynote)

We assess the state of the art in numerical prediction of interfacial instabilities due to shear in layered flows of viscous fluids. Basic ingredients of this assessment include linear stability analysis results for both miscible (diffuse) and immiscible (sharp) interfaces, the physics and resolution requirements of the critical layer, and convergence properties of the relevant numerical schemes. Behaviors of physically and numerically diffuse interfaces are contrasted and the case for a sharp interface treatment for reliable predictions of this class of flows is made.
Long-term tillage and drainage influences on soil organic carbon dynamics, aggregate stability and corn yield

AbstractLabile pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are affecting the carbon (C) and N fluxes in the terrestrial soils, whereas long-term C and N storage is determined by the long-lived recalcitrant fractions. Tillage and subsurface drainage influences these pools; however, the effect of these systems on poorly drained soils may be different. Therefore, the present study was conducted on a field experiment, established at the Waterman Farm of the Ohio State University in 1994. Specific objectives of the study are to assess the influence of no-tillage (NT), chisel tillage (CT) with drainage (TD) and non-drainage (ND) management under a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system on SOC, C fractions (heavy and light), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Data from this study showed that the SOC stock for the NT was 25, 37 and 32% higher for the 0–10, 10–20 and 40–60 cm depths, respectively, as compared to that under CT system. Tillage significantly influenced the light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction...
Harvesting heat energy from asphalt pavements: development of and comparison between numerical models and experiment

The use of flowing water in embedded pipes to harvest heat energy from asphalt pavements and thereby reducing its temperature and the urban heat island effect has been proposed. A successful use of such an approach would require a complete understanding of the effect and the interaction of various mechanisms such as conduction, convection and radiation and factors such as solar radiation, diameter of pipe and rate of flow. A large-scale experiment was conducted to understand such effects, and numerical modelling was conducted for prediction of temperature. The experiment was modelled using finite element method, and a good match was obtained between predicted and experimentally obtained results. Effects of pipe diameter and flow rate were also analysed. This model could be used in future for selection of appropriate levels of critical variables and hence successful implementation of this concept to sustainable pavements.
Using faculty publication rates for comparing “peer” institutions

This paper reports the results of a study of faculty publication productivity at five major research universities. Data on publication rates were gathered for two years from theCorporate Indexes published by the Institute for Scientific Information, while numbers of faculty by academic discipline were computed using standard reports generated annually by the participating universities. The primary conclusion drawn from the study is that institutional publication rates can be estimated from references in theCorporate Indexes and provide one, albeit imperfect, measure of relative university research productivity.
Photonic crystal structures for light trapping in thin-film Si solar cells: Modeling, process and optimizations

Abstract In this paper, we present our efforts on studying light trapping in thin-film silicon solar cells using photonic crystal (PC) based structures. Specifically, we propose a photonic backside texture combining periodic gratings and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The mechanisms of this integrated photonic design are theoretically studied and compared with conventional PCs. We experimentally fabricate the texture using lithographic and self-assembled method on thin-film single crystalline Si (c-Si) and micro-crystalline Si (μc-Si) cells. We analyze the effects of the photonic textures on different cells and demonstrate the performance improvements. A numerical method is developed to explore the optimal multiscale textured surface and investigate light trapping limits in the wave optics regime. Using a detailed balance analysis, we show that it is possible to reach over 20% efficiency for 1.5 μm Si cells through optimal device design and fabrication.
Tax Complexity: Problem or Opportunity?

When laws are complex or ambiguous, compliance and enforcement suffer. In the United States, the federal income tax is a familiar example of this. Often, neither the taxpayer nor the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) can perfectly determine a taxpayer's true tax liability. Uncertainty, ignorance, and burdensome documentation requirements deter some taxpayers from taking advantage of legitimate deductions and credits, whereas others find opportunities for creative tax avoidance in ambiguous provisions. Complexity undermines the IRS's ability to distinguish among intentional evasion, honest misinterpretation of the tax code, and legitimate tax avoidance. This model shows that the IRS cannot always profitably exploit complexity.
Construction of spline functions in spreadsheets to smooth experimental data

Experimental data are often in need of smoothing without a pre-determined trend line equation. This manuscript demonstrates how spreadsheet software can be programmed to smooth experimental data via cubic splines. Once the trend lines (splines) have been constructed, it is also simple to interpolate values and calculate derivatives and integrals. The formulas to carry out the calculation are listed and explained in the manuscript.
AN ALTERNATIVE URETEROILEAL REIMPLANTATION USED IN AUGMENTATION CYSTOPLASTY FOR NEUROGENIC BLADDER WITH BILATERAL VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

AbstractPurpose: We describe the use of a serous lined extramural tunnel for ureteral reimplantation during augmentation of a neurogenic bladder to prevent reflux.Materials and Methods: A 46-year-old male C6 spinal cord injury patient presented with a high pressure bladder, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and bilateral grade II/III vesicoureteral reflux. Despite maximal anticholinergic therapy and intermittent catheterization, detrussor pressures were between 80 and 100 cm. water at volumes of 100 to 150 cc with consistent leakage between catheterizations. Preoperative ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram demonstrated moderate bilateral hydronephrosis and a heavily trabeculated bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty with the formation of 3 cm. extramural ureteral tunnels as described by Ghoneim was performed. The serosa of the adjacent limbs of the ileal segment were opposed to form the back wall of a serosal lined tunnel.Results: At 3 weeks postoperatively a cystogram demonstrated no extravasation or reflux...
Reversible Nonlinear Interface Optical Computing

An active research area in optical computing is finding new optical devices to implement Boolean functions used in conventional computers. Reversible nonlinear interface devices have a picosecond response time and hence produce a very fast half-adder circuit. These devices can be used in the implementation of an optical CPU.
Simulation of ultrasound pulse propagation in lossy media obeying a frequency power law

A method is proposed to simulate the propagation of a broadband ultrasound pulse in a lossy medium whose attenuation exhibits a power law frequency dependence. Using a bank of Gaussian filters, the broadband pulse is first decomposed into narrowband components. The effects of the attenuation and dispersion are then applied to each component based on the superposition principle. When the bandwidth of each component is narrow enough, these effects can be evaluated at the center frequency of the component, resulting in a magnitude reduction, a constant phase angle lag, and a relative time delay. The accuracy of the proposed method is tested by comparing the model-produced pulses with the experimentally measured pulses using two different phantoms. The first phantom has an attenuation function which exhibits a nearly linear frequency dependence. The second phantom has an attenuation function which exhibits a nearly quadratic frequency dependence. In deriving the dispersion from the measured attenuation, a nearly local model and a time causal model are used. For linear attenuation, the two models converge and both predict accurately the waveform of the transmitted pulse. For nonlinear attenuation, the time causal model is found more accurate than the nearly local model in predicting the waveform of the transmitted pulse.
Characterization of dual agonists for kinin B1 and B2 receptors and their biased activation of B2 receptors

Kinin B1 and B2 receptors (kB1R and kB2R) play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In some cases, kB1R or kB2R activation can have overlapping or complementary beneficial effects, thus an activator of both receptors might be advantageous. We found that replacement of the C-terminal Arg in the natural kB2R activators bradykinin (BK) or kallidin (KD) with Lys (K(9)-BK or K(10)-KD) resulted in agonists that effectively stimulate the downstream signaling of both the kB1R and kB2R as measured by increased inositol turnover, intracellular calcium, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, arachidonic acid release and NO production. However, K(9)-BK and K(10)-KD displayed some characteristics of biased agonism for kB2Rs as indicated by the rapid kinetics of ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by K(9)-BK or K(10)-KD compared with the prolonged response mediated by BK or KD. In contrast, kinetics of ERK phosphorylation stimulated by K(10)-KD activation of the kB1R was the same as that induced by known kB1R agonist des-Arg(10)-KD. Furthermore, the endocytosis of kB2Rs mediated by K(9)-BK and K(10)-KD was remarkably less than that induced by BK and KD respectively. K(10)-KD stimulated kB1R and kB2R-dependent calcium responses and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in bovine endothelial cells. In cytokine-treated human endothelial cells, K(10)-KD stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and a transient peak of NO production that was primarily kB2R-dependent. K(10)-KD also stimulated prolonged NO production that was both kB1R and kB2R-dependent. These data provide the first examples of dual agonists of kB1R and kB2R, and a biased agonist of kB2R and may provide useful clues for developing dual modulators of kB1Rs and kB2Rs for potential therapeutic use.
An Analysis and Allocation System for Library Collections Budgets: The Comprehensive Allocation Process (CAP)

Abstract The “Comprehensive Allocation Process” (CAP) is a reproducible decision-making structure for the allocation of new collections funds, for the reallocation of funds within stagnant budgets, and for budget cuts in the face of reduced funding levels. This system was designed to overcome common shortcomings of current methods. Its philosophical foundations include the values of accountability, transparency, and efficiency. It features a conceptual framework, quantitative data, qualitative evidence, and data analysis and allocation techniques.
Attachment, temperament, and preschool children's peer acceptance

This study examined the relations between preschool children's attachment security, temperament, and peer acceptance. Ninety-eight preschool children and their mothers were recruited through childcare centers in the southeast. Mothers and their children participated in two two-hour home observations. Attachment security was assessed using the Waters Attachment Behavior Q-set (AQS) completed by observers, and mothers reported on their children's temperament. Standard picture-sociometric nominations and paired-comparisons were used to measure children's peer acceptance. Results revealed significant associations between security and temperament. In addition, both attachment and temperament made significant and unique contributions to peer acceptance whereas temperament was found to be a stronger predictor of children's peer rejection. These findings underscore the dynamic interplay of inter- and intrapersonal factors that influence preschool children's peer relations. Implications of the findings for theory building and future research are discussed.
Adenomatous polyposis coli and EB1 localize in close proximity of the mother centriole and EB1 is a functional component of centrosomes

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and End-binding protein 1 (EB1) localize to centrosomes independently of cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) and purify with centrosomes from mammalian cell lines. Localization of EB1 to centrosomes is independent of its MT binding domain and is mediated by its C-terminus. Both APC and EB1 preferentially localize to the mother centriole and EB1 forms a cap at the end of the mother centriole that contains the subdistal appendages as defined by ϵ-tubulin localization . Like endogenous APC and EB1, fluorescent protein fusions of APC and EB1 localize preferentially to the mother centriole. Depletion of EB1 by RNA interference reduces MT minus-end anchoring at centrosomes and delays MT regrowth from centrosomes. In summary, our data indicate that APC and EB1 are functional components of mammalian centrosomes and that EB1 is important for anchoring cytoplasmic MT minus ends to the subdistal appendages of the mother centriole.
Campus Racial Climate and Student Academic Outcomes: A Critique of Prior Research and Recommendations for Future Study.

What explains the persistent gap in college retention between white American college students and those who are members of ethnic minority groups? Some argue that a large part of the answer is campus racial climate: a negative climate disproportionately harms minority students and leads to worse outcomes. Existing theory provides some basis for this expectation. However, we find that empirical support for this claim is weak. Many studies fail to compare findings across racial groups, and the few that do offer at best inconsistent support for the thesis that racial climate helps to explain the retention gap. Furthermore, many studies are plagued with severe methodological problems such as lack of attention to level of analysis and failure to offer rigorous tests of differences across groups. We discuss the implications and offer recommendations for future research.
6–7 MeV characteristic γ-ray source using a plasma opening switch and a Marx bank

A 640 kV Marx bank and plasma opening switch (POS) produce an intense pulse of MeV protons that stop in a fluorine-bearing target. The 19F(p,αγ)16O reaction produces 6- to 7-MeV characteristic γ-rays that can induce fission reactions in fissionable materials, such as depleted uranium (DU). Some fission reactions are also induced by neutrons generated by proton and/or deuteron reactions in the target, indicating that this system could be used to produce a mixed source of γ-rays and neutrons. Experimental results are presented, and future options are described to improve this kind of mixed source.
Extracting the dynamics of the Hodgkin-Huxley model using recurrent neural networks

Sari Andoni is with the Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA -- Manish Saggar, Tekin Mericli, and Riston Miikkulainen are with the Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA
Drug Delivery Using Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Nanocapsules

Microcapsules (MCs) are versatile systems with applications in areas as diverse as microreactors, catalysis,[1] diagnostics and drug delivery.[2] In these systems self-assembly of lipids and/or polymers can be used to generate several types of nano- and micro- capsules. These include vesicular structures such as liposomes,[3] polymerosomes,[4] colloidosomes,[5] and polyelectrolyte capsules that feature aqueous interiors and exteriors.[6] An alternate motif is provided by emulsions, where additives are used to stabilize the interface between immiscible fluids to produce e.g. oil-in-water emulsions.[7] Through tailoring of the composition and structure of the building blocks MCs of both types can be engineered with well-defined structures, functions and stability.[8] MCs provide excellent delivery vehicles for biomedical applications, featuring high payload-to-carrier ratios and protection of encapsulated materials from degradation.
Processes of change in family therapy

(1976). Processes of change in family therapy. Journal of Family Counseling: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 14-22.
Working memory and phonological processing as predictors of children’s mathematical problem solving at different ages

The study explored the contribution of working memory (WM) to mathematical problem solving in younger (8-year-old) and older (11-year-old) children. The results showed that (1) significant age-related differences in WM performance were maintained when measures of phonological processing (i.e., digit naming speed, short-term memory, phonological deletion) were partialed from the analysis; (2) WM predicted solution accuracy of word problems independently of measures of problem representation, knowledge of operations and algorithms, phonological processing, fluid intelligence, reading, and math skill; and (3) a second-order WM factor was correlated with problem solving, suggesting that a general or executive system underlies age-related performance. The results were interpreted as support for the notion that the executive system was an important predictor of age-related changes in problem solving beyond the contribution of math and reading skills, and this system operates independently of the phonological system and domain-specific knowledge in predicting solution accuracy.
The effects of information processing complexity and interpersonal cue availability on strategic play in a mixed‐motive game1

A 60-trial iterated PDG was played by 24 male undergraduates. Half were Abstract Information Processors, and half were Concrete Information Processors. In addition, half of the subject pairs played the game face-to-face, while in the other pairs the game was played in separate cubicles. Rather than allowing for free play, the subjects were given the illusion of playing against one another when in reality they all played against a simulation program. It was found that concrete subjects cooperated most in the presence of another player, and competed most when not facing him. This was apparently due to the tendency for the concrete players to be “caught” by the cooperative pull of the face-to-face condition. The abstract subjects tended to use information-seeking strategies in both conditions. When the information was irrelevant to the game (e.g., presence of a false “partner”) the abstract players did not maximize to the same degree as when the feedback was more meaningful.
A Re-Examination of Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Medium and Long Chain Fatty Acids in Seeds of Several Plants

The discovery of a novel pathway for biosynthesis of medium and short chain fatty acids in plants (α-keto acid elongation pathway, 1) raises the possibility (however unlikely) that medium-chain fatty acids (mcFAs) of certain oil seeds producing them may be derived by this pathway. Alternatively, these may be formed after release of elongating fatty acid chains from fatty acid synthase mediated biosynthesis (FAS) by specific medium chain thioesterases [2, 3, 4]. Thus far the αKAE pathway is only known to occur in trichome glands of plants in the family Solanaceae. In the αKAE pathway, iso-, anteiso- or straight-chain keto acid products of branched-chain amino acid metabolism are elongated by one carbon (via acetate) per cycle. The final step is predicted to be oxidative decarboxylation to yield CoA activated acids. The mechanism that determines the chain length of αKAE products is not understood [1].
Patterns of movement of centrarchids in two warmwater streams in eastern Tennessee

We studied the movements of redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), largemouth brass (Micropterus salmoides), and warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) by tagging fishes with individually numbered tags. We sampled quarterly over a 3-year period (1985–1988) at six 800- to 2300-m-long sites in 2 streams near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Overall, distances between successive captures were 10 km. In general, all species were highly sedentary in both streams, with rock bass and redbreast sunfish being the most sedentary and bluegill and largemouth bass being the least. In most instances, redbreast sunfish showed the same distribution of distances between captures regardless of the interval between captures (1 week, 3 months, 6 months or more). This species also tended to be more mobile in the spring and less mobile in the winter, with large fish exibiting the greatest distances between captures. Some redbreast sunfish showed a very restricted home range, being captured 3 or more times over ≥ 6 months in the same 50-m section of stream. A few individuals moved 4-9 km only to return to their original location, but most fish exhibited behaviors intermediate between these extremes. For all species, upstream and downstream movements were equally common, although movements in one direction predominated at some sites for limited periods of time. Knowledge of movement patterns and differences in behavior among species is important not only in understanding the basic ecology of the species but also in designing, conducting and interpreting environmental monitoring studies.
Helping students and teachers make sense of remote sensing via the Internet

Remote sensing (RS) using aerial and satellite imagery can supply local, regional, and global views of the Earth and its different interrelated systems. It can provide a powerful means for students to visualize their place in the world. The "translation" of professional-level RS data and results into useful educational materials for classroom use is a formidable task from the teacher's point of view, however. The data sets are immense in comparison to the memory capabilities of typical computers in schools; there are many different kinds of specialized data sets-each requiring a unique information base to understand; many data sets of high interest are too expensive; and the information content is complex and often intimidating. The authors describe their (ETE) Exploring the Environment project in which they are exploring ways to take RS data efficiently and effectively into the classroom. They are developing Earth science modules utilizing a problem-based learning pedagogy, which places students in the role of active investigators of complex, ill-structured problems that mirror real-world problems. These modules are designed for delivery over the World Wide Web.
Characterizing pseudodendrimers, 1 graph representations of pseudodendrimers formed by enhancements to propagation of linear units

Graph theory was used to analyze a series of small pseudodendrimeric structures. Descriptive indices were developed to characterize the pseudodendrimer graphs. The relative proportion of these dendrimers in typical samples was estimated based on three growth models. Weighted average values for the descriptive indices over typical aggregate samples were found to differ only slightly from values for perfect dendrimers.
Cost-effectiveness and Cost Offset of a Collaborative Care Intervention for Primary Care Patients With Panic Disorder

Background A collaborative care (CC) intervention for patients with panic disorder that provided increased patient education and integrated a psychiatrist into primary care was associated with improved symptomatic and functional outcomes. This report evaluates the incremental cost-effectiveness and potential cost offset of a CC treatment program for primary care patients with panic disorder from the perspective of the payer. Methods We randomly assigned 115 primary care patients with panic disorder to a CC intervention that included systematic patient education and approximately2 visits with an on-site consulting psychiatrist, compared with usual primary care. Telephone assessments of clinical outcomes were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Use of health care services and costs were assessed using administrative data from the primary care clinics and self-report data. Results Patients receiving CC experienced a mean of 74.2 more anxiety-free days during the 12-month intervention (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8-122.0). The incremental mental health cost of the CC intervention was $205 (95% CI, −$135 to $501), with the additional mental health costs of the intervention explained by expenditures for antidepressant medication and outpatient mental health visits. Total outpatient cost was $325 (95% CI, −$1460 to $448) less for the CC than for the usual care group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for total ambulatory cost was −$4 (95% CI, −$23 to $14) per anxiety-free day. Results of a bootstrap analysis suggested a 0.70 probability that the CC intervention was dominant (eg, lower costs and greater effectiveness). Conclusion A CC intervention for patients with panic disorder was associated with significantly more anxiety-free days, no significant differences in total outpatient costs, and a distribution of the cost-effectiveness ratio based on total outpatient costs that suggests a 70% probability that the intervention was dominant, compared with usual care.
ULTRAFILTRATION OF WHOLE MILK WITH HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES

Whole milk was concentrated using Romicon PM50 membranes. Rententate and permeate were analyzed for total solids, protein (TKN) and fat at five concentration levels. The effects of pressure, concentration, fiber length and several milk pretreatments on flux were examined. A 5X concentrate was prepared containing 37.2% solids, 13.3% protein and 17.8% fat. The highest initial and 4X fluxes were obtained using a pressure differential of 1.4 kg/cm2 - 2.11/0.7 (20 psig - 30/10). Flux declined slowly with concentration to 3X (20% loss) and decreased more rapidly thereafter. Higher fluid velocities were deemed responsible for 27% higher initial flux and 47% higher 4X flux when a shorter module was employed (63.5 versus 109.2 cm). Clarification, pasteurization and/or homogenization had little effect on flux at either level.
An 8T Subthreshold SRAM Cell Utilizing Reverse Short Channel Effect for Write Margin and Read Performance Improvement

We propose a technique for improving write margin and read performance of 8T subthreshold SRAMs by using long channel devices to utilize the pronounced reverse short channel effect. Simulations show that the proposed cell at 0.2 V has a write margin equivalent to a conventional cell at 0.27 V. The Ion-to-Ioff ratio of the read path also improved from 169 to 271 and a 52% speedup for read was achieved. The cell area overhead was 20%.
An Old and Reliable Authority: An Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities, by Raymond Harris Thompson, with contributions by Ronald Freeman Lee and George Alexander Grant, 2000

"An old and reliable authority" is how George Benjamin Hartzog, Director of the National Park Service (1964-1972), characterized the Antiquities Act of 1906. And it has been quite a reliable authority - and a remarkable one. Since its inception presidents have used it to establish 36 historic areas as national monuments and 51 natural areas; special acts of Congress have authorized another 28 national monuments (pp.251-253). President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Antiquities Act Bill into law on June 8, 1906 (p. 241). Just 22 days later, on June 30 1906, Roosevelt signed the bill to establish Mesa Verde National Park, the first national park specifically created to protect antiquities (p. 243). The Antiquities Act of 1906 also served as the basis for later federal legislation, e.g., Historic Sites Act of 1935, the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the 1979 Archaeological Resources Protection Act, and the creation of National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings in 1957 (pp. 193, 3 1 6).
Trapezoidal envelope pulse dynamics in debye-model dielectrics

The dynamical evolution of a trapezoidal envelope microwave pulse as it penetrates into a Debye-type dielectric is described using both asymptotic methods and numerical simulations. When the initial pulse rise/fall- time exceeds a critical value independent of the material relaxation time, the pulse evolution is dominated by a pair of Brillouin precursors whose peak values decay as (Δz)−1/2 with propagation distance Δz → ∞. The pulse then penetrates much farther into the material than that described by Beer's law, carrying a significant fraction of the initial pulse energy.