cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Analysis of the Hill-Sachs Lesion in Anteroinferior Shoulder Instability After First-Time Dislocations.

Purpose To identify the relation between the Hill-Sachs (H-S) angle and arm position at the time of the initial dislocation, and to see if this correlates with the glenoid track. Methods A total of 102 patients (89 male patients, 87.2%), with a mean age of 32 years (range, 17 to 38 years), were divided into 2 groups, abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD), dependent on the position of the arm at the time of the instability event. All patients were evaluated with bilateral computed tomography scans (3-dimensional) to define the H-S position on the glenoid track and to measure the H-S angle. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the H-S angle between the 2 groups. Results Dislocation occurred in ABD in 45 patients (44.1%) and in ADD in 57 (55.9%). The H-S angle was 32.4° ± 4.7° in the ABD group versus 16.1° ± 2.9° in the ADD group. All patients' injuries were "on-track" glenoid injuries in both groups. Conclusions This study identified a difference in the H-S angle relative to arm position at the time of initial dislocation. Patients whose injury occurred in the ABD position showed a higher H-S angle, leading to an increased risk of engagement, because the long axis of the H-S lesion is parallel to the glenoid in a position of function. Thus arm position at the time of the initial instability event may be a risk factor for engagement and higher risk of recurrence. Level of Evidence Level IV, prognostic case series.
Effect of Cortisone on Mumps Antibody Formation in Rabbits.

Summary1. Serial antibody studies were performed on normal and cortisone treated rabbits immunized with mumps virus and bovine serum albumin. 2. sone suppresses development of antibodies to mumps virus as measured serologically, although the suppression is to a relatively lesser extent than that for BSSA antibody measured quantitatively.
Epithelial Contractility: A Crowning Achievement

Epithelial cells transmit contractile force with adherens junctions to mediate morphological changes like the extrusion of apoptotic cells. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Michael and colleagues (2016) show that the actin binding protein Coronin plays a critical role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and association with junctions to promote contractility.
Implementation of Data Communication between CS3000 and SIEMENS PLC Subsystem

In view of problems of adding cost and going against integrated monitoring and control for technological process and information collection of all devices because monitoring and control for each section of mineral seperation plant is realized by adding remote I/O station or setting individual control room,the paper proposed a scheme of using Profibus-DP protocol to realize data communication between CS3000 and SIEMENS PLC subsystem.Taking ALP111 communication module of CS3000 as example,it introduced configurations of hardware and software of the scheme.The actual application showed that the scheme realizes reliable data communication between CS3000 master and SIEMENS PLC subsystem with good effect of field monitoring and control.
Effects of ruminally degradable and escape protein supplements on steers grazing summer native range.

One experiment was conducted during 1989 to determine whether a deficiency exists for either ruminally degradable or escape protein in steers grazing summer native range. Increasing levels of ruminally degradable (.15, .27, and .37 kg/d) and escape protein (.07, .14, and .21 kg/d) replaced a cornstarch and molasses (energy control) supplement. Supplements were isoenergetic and fed individually to steers (.88 kg/d). No response to the degradable protein supplement (P = .15) was observed; however, a linear gain response (P less than .01) was observed in steers fed escape protein in addition to ruminally degradable protein. An in vitro study indicated that more (P less than .01) microbial protein was synthesized from the energy supplement than from the degradable protein; this finding presumably relates to the numerical decrease in weight gains observed for steers fed degradable protein supplements. Analyses of esophageal extrusa samples indicated that CP was relatively constant for the 1989 growing season compared with the 1988 growing season (P less than .05). Escape protein values differed (P less than .01) between years and among months within year. Forages that were apparently grazed in 1989 were never deficient in degradable protein. Additional gain observed from feeding escape protein would indicate that microbial protein synthesis may be insufficient to satisfy the metabolizable protein requirement, which probably limited gains by steers grazing summer native range.
Expanding the Mutation Spectrum of Ichthyosis with Confetti.

Ichthyosis with confetti is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by frameshift mutations in KRT10 or KRT1 and characterized by the development of white, genetically revertant macules in red, diseased skin. All cases result from mutations affecting the tail domains of keratin-10 or keratin-1, and Suzuki et al. expand the mutation spectrum for ichthyosis with confetti caused by mutations in KRT1, showing that a polyarginine frameshift in the keratin-1 tail can also cause this disorder.
Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in the cow.

Plasma levels of flunixin were measured in heifers after a single intravenous injection (1·1 mg kg−1), using high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration versus time curves were best described by a two compartment model. The distribution phase (alpha) half-life was 0·294 hours, the elimination phase (beta) half-life was 8·12 hours and the volume of distribution was 1050 ml kg−1.
Sensitivity of Dental Phenotypic Data for the Identification of Biological Relatives

Using modern samples of known kin, this paper evaluates two fundamental aspects of kinship analysis in archaeological contexts: (1) choice of data (dental metrics or morphology) and (2) analytical approach (multivariate, distance-based approach or a ‘rare trait’ analysis). Stone dental casts were analysed from 155 female individuals from four sampling locations in Kenya. Of these 155 individuals, only three pairs were close kin: mother–daughter, sister–sister, and first-cousin–first-cousin dyads. After variable winnowing, inter-individual distances or similarities were calculated using 11 odontometric variables and 25 dental morphological variables. Resulting distance matrices were ordinated in two dimensions using multidimensional scaling. Odontometric data performed relatively well at identifying known relative pairs, but the results were heavily affected by choice of similarity measure (e.g. Euclidean distances vs. Gower coefficients) and pre-analysis data treatments (e.g. raw data vs. principal components). Dental morphological data performed comparably with odontometric data but were slightly less effective. Rare traits were identified and compared among relative pairs for concordance, with mixed results. Rare morphological features were randomly distributed throughout the population and were not exclusively found in close kin. In combination, results indicated the sister–sister dyad was most consistently identified; however, in no analysis were relatives more phenotypically similar than all random pairs of unrelated individuals. A multivariate, distance-based approach was more effective than rare traits at identifying relative pairs, but even under ideal circumstances, there is not enough variation present in the dentition to faithfully identify close relatives in the absence of contextual archaeological data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community engagement with African American clergy: faith-based model for culturally competent practice.

ABSTRACTObjective: The intent of this exploratory qualitative study was to examine African American Baptist clergy's pastoral care to older congregants with mental disorders. Critical Race Theory was the guiding framework in this study.Method: A purposive sample of 18 African American clergy participated in one-on-one interviews.Results: Collectively, all participants were active in the provision of mental health to older congregants with mental disorders. The primary emergent theme ‘shepherding the flock’ the central phenomenon uncovered in the data, was used to organize a model of pastoral care, which is presented in this paper. Findings from this study supported results from previous studies on the integral role of the Church and clergy in the African American community.Conclusion: Moreover, this study highlights the importance of internal ministries in the Church and the need for further study and potential partnership opportunity.
A numerical study of steel and hybrid armor plates under ballistic impacts

Abstract High strength steels such as Weldox 700E and para-aramid composites such as Kevlar 129/epoxy plates are commonly used materials for ballistic protections. In this study, the nonlinear finite element (FE) models of Weldox 700E and Kevlar 129/epoxy plates were created and validated against experimental data. A parametric study was conducted using numerical models to investigate the ballistic performance of monolithic steel plates, multi-layer steel plates, and hybrid plates made of steel and Kevlar layers, under impact conditions specified by the NATO Level I or EN1063 BR5 standards. In this parametric study, numerical simulations were performed on 30 different configurations of steel and hybrid plates subjected to impacts of .223 bullets at 900 m/s. The effects of layer thickness of monolithic and layer configuration of multilayer steel and hybrid plates were investigated in detail. The results showed that layer configuration could significantly affect the ballistic performance of layered steel and hybrid plates. A layered steel plate had superior ballistic protection to that of a corresponding monolithic steel plate. It was also found that the hybrid steel/Kevlar plate configurations resulted in a 26% weight reduction compared to the monolithic steel plates while providing better ballistic protection.
Missing value imputation for LC-MS metabolomics data by incorporating metabolic network and adduct ion relations

Motivation Metabolomics data generated from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms often contain missing values. Existing imputation methods do not consider underlying feature relations and the metabolic network information. As a result, the imputation results may not be optimal. Results We proposed an imputation algorithm that incorporates the existing metabolic network, adduct ion relations even for unknown compounds, as well as linear and nonlinear associations between feature intensities to build a feature-level network. The algorithm uses support vector regression for missing value imputation based on features in the neighborhood on the network. We compared our proposed method with methods being widely used. As judged by the normalized root mean squared error in real data-based simulations, our proposed methods can achieve better accuracy. Availability and implementation The R package is available at http://web1.sph.emory.edu/users/tyu8/MINMA. Contact jiankang@umich.edu or tianwei.yu@emory.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Knowledge-based Journalism in Science and Environmental Reporting: Opportunities and Obstacles

Recent calls for knowledge-based journalism advocate a new level of formal knowledge in news reporting to meet the professional challenges caused by rapid change in the news industry. Scientificall...
Heisenberg’s Revolutions: New Kinematics, New Mathematics, and New Philosophy

This and the next chapter explore the physical, mathematical, and philosophical significance of Heisenberg’s discovery of quantum mechanics. This discovery was among the most momentous discoveries in the history of physics, comparable to that of classical mechanics by Newton, Maxwell’s discovery of his equations for electromagnetism, and Einstein’s discoveries of special and then general relativity. The comparison with Newton’s discovery of classical mechanics is especially apt, since in both cases at stake was the introduction of a new calculus—differential calculus by Newton and matrix (de facto Hilbert-space operator) calculus by Heisenberg. The relationships between the mathematical calculus deployed and the physical phenomena considered are, however, entirely different in the case of Heisenberg’s mechanics. Unlike Newton’s mechanics, Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, or Einstein’s relativity, Heisenberg’s calculus does not describe the behavior of quantum objects, but only relates, in terms of probabilistic predictions, to quantum phenomena, manifested in our measuring instruments impacted by quantum objects. Section 3.1 offers a general introduction to Heisenberg’s quantum mechanics, developed into the matrix quantum mechanics shortly thereafter by Born, Jordan, and Heisenberg himself. Sections 3.2 and 3.3 discuss the key physical and philosophical principles that shaped Heisenberg’s approach—the principle of dealing with “quantities, which in principle are observable” and the correspondence principle. Section 3.4 considers the key features of Heisenberg’s quantum mechanics. It contains some technical mathematical details and may be skipped by readers unfamiliar with mathematics at this level. Its key conceptual points are explained in nontechnical terms in Section 3.1.
Vector Fields, Differential Forms, and Derivatives

The following results and some of the proofs, can be found in many excellent text books of differential geometry. For example [46] is a very readable and clear textbook with content based on theorems and proofs for geometrical objects in \({\mathbb{R}}^{2,3}\). Shifrin is also an excellent compact and short text rich in applications. For more abstract treatment (I was always puzzled by a book on geometry without any figures) especially on higher than three dimension differentiable manifolds we recommend the classic [158]. At the same level of abstraction, but more focused on specific topics we recommend [306] especially for applications on fiber bundles, [74] for applications concerning vector fields, and [119] for applications towards Lie groups and transformations. In between these levels of approach we also recommend for their wide range of action [19] for a very friendly general treatment of surfaces, or [162] as a very pictorial book on geometry with many applications.
Miniaturized Soil Sensor for Continuous, In-Situ Monitoring of Soil Water Potential

This paper presents a miniature embedded sensor for direct, in-situ, continuous monitoring of soil water potential variations during the growth of plants. The sensor has a small form factor due to the seamless integration of an ultra-shallow water reservoir, a nanoporous ceramic disk, and a miniature optical displacement detection unit. By increasing the hydrophilicity and smoothness of the inner surface of the water reservoir, a high cavitation pressure was obtained. The sensor makes it possible to conduct continuous, in-situ measurement of soil water potential near the roots of plant for almost two weeks.
the O.R.: Role of the Nurse In Dental and Oral Surgery

(1964). the O.R.: Role of the Nurse In Dental and Oral Surgery. Hospital Topics: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 77-80.
The Fast and The Frugal: Tail Latency Aware Provisioning for Coping with Load Variations

Small and medium sized enterprises use the cloud for running online, user-facing, tail latency sensitive applications with well-defined fixed monthly budgets. For these applications, adequate system capacity must be provisioned to extract maximal performance despite the challenges of uncertainties in load and request-sizes. In this paper, we address the problem of capacity provisioning under fixed budget constraints with the goal of minimizing tail latency. To tackle this problem, we propose building systems using a heterogeneous mix of low latency expensive resources and cheap resources that provide high throughput per dollar. As load changes through the day, we use more faster resources to reduce tail latency during low load periods and more cheaper resources to handle the high load periods. To achieve these tail latency benefits, we introduce novel heterogeneity-aware scheduling and autoscaling algorithms that are designed for minimizing tail latency. Using software prototypes and by running experiments on the public cloud, we show that our approach can outperform existing capacity provisioning systems by reducing the tail latency by as much as 45% under fixed-budget settings.
A Comprehensive Study on Robot Learning from Demonstration

The robots are set to penetrate into daily life of human beings. The purpose of a robot is to accomplish a goal within specified task constraints, thus reducing human effort as well as time. Since most of the end users are novice; the ability to use/adapt to a robot will vary. Besides that, since user references will be different, the task performance specifications/constraints would vary. An approach where an end user can teach a robot to perform desired tasks without the need of tedious reprogramming is learning from demonstration. This paper presents a survey of robot learning from demonstration. The problem formulation for LfD (Learning from Demonstration) is analyzed. The various modes of demonstration data acquisition and various data processing methods are discussed in an organized manner. Various learning approaches reported in literature are put forth. The issues of demonstration methods, suboptimal demonstrations, and evaluation metrics are highlighted. Lastly, the current issues which limit the adoption of LfD in real world scenarios are put forth in order to determine the future scope of work in this domain.
Pre-operative fluid resuscitation in the emergency general surgery septic patient: does it really matter?

Emergency general surgery (EGS) patients presenting with sepsis remain a challenge. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends a 30 mL/kg fluid bolus in these patients, but recent studies suggest an association between large volume crystalloid resuscitation and increased mortality. The optimal amount of pre-operative fluid resuscitation prior to source control in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis is unknown. This study aims to determine if increasing volume of resuscitation prior to surgical source control is associated with worsening outcomes. We conducted an 8-year retrospective chart review of EGS patients undergoing surgery for abdominal sepsis within 24 h of admission. Patients in hemorrhagic shock and those with outside hospital index surgeries were excluded. We grouped patients by increasing pre-operative resuscitation volume in 10 ml/kg intervals up to > 70 ml/kg and later grouped them into 30 ml/kg (p = 0.02). These groups had median qSOFA scores (1.0 vs. 1.0, p = 0.06). There were no differences in time to operation (6.1 vs 4.9 h p = 0.11), ventilator days (1 vs 3, p = 0.08), or hospital LOS (8 vs 9 days, p = 0.57). Relative risk regression correcting for age and physiologic factors showed no significant differences in mortality between the fluid groups. Greater pre-operative resuscitation volumes were initially associated with significantly higher mortality, despite similar organ failure scores. However, fluid volumes were not associated with mortality following adjustment for other physiologic factors in a regression model. The amount of pre-operative volume resuscitation was not associated with differences in time to operation, ventilator days, ICU or hospital LOS.
Patient Preferences for Receiving Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy

Purpose: To characterize patient preferences regarding gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT) providers and telemedicine use. Methods: Between May and October 2019, a survey was administered to adul...
Mastering United States Government Information: Sources and Services

Federal government information (GI) specialists face a number of challenges in teaching others how to access that information: the overwhelming amount of data and publications available; the range ...
The Impact of Education on Income Inequality

This paper presents new evidence on the relationship between education and income inequality by drawing evidence from 145 countries between 1996 to 2016. Reviewing the economic theories of Simon Kuznets on income inequality and the arguments of Theodore Schultz on the economic value of education, this study uses the Gini index in quantifying income inequality. Findings from this study shows a positive relationship in education and inequality for high, and low-income countries and a negative relationship in middle-income countries. This study also shows that an interaction of education and per-capita growth in GDP worsens inequality while trade and education have a reducing effect on inequality.
Hearing Their Voices: Exploring the Patient Narratives of Adolescent and Young Adults Who Have Undergone Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery-A Case Series.

Background: Severe obesity in adolescence and young adulthood is undertreated which leads to obesity-related chronic diseases that progress into adulthood. Many organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) support early consideration of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in the pediatric population to reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods: Five diverse patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in the form of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) contributed patient narratives that captured their life, with a focus on health related quality of life, before and after MBS. Results: MBS leads to significant improvement in health status via decreased mortality and improved health related quality of life. Conclusion: The perspectives of those patients who have undergone surgery in adolescence and young adulthood are not adequately captured in the medical literature. While the featured voices are not representative of all, their narratives may increase awareness and utilization of MBS in the treatment of severe obesity in the pediatric population.
Trump and Trade – Policy and Law

I focus on the legal aspects of Trump’s protectionist policies, which hearken back to the 1930s but in many ways are much worse than those policies. Donald Trump clings to the delusion that bilateral pressure will rebalance trade in favor of American industry. Trump’s trade actions raise the issues of constitutional law and the interrelationship of public international law and U.S. constitutional law as matters of paramount concern today. Trump’s policies represent an aggressive attack on the post-World War II international order. Most notably, Trump’s attack on the judicial system of the WTO, as a derogation of U.S. sovereignty, is hugely baffling. The WTO’s dispute resolution system was an American initiative that reflected the core American belief in a rules-based global system and the American value of relying upon litigation to provide fair judicial determination of conflicts. Trump’s policies reflect his reliance on unilateral actions, raw power politics, the law of the jungle, bluster, and threats. This has only led to needless stress on the U.S. and global economies. Trump’s attacks on the exiting international system have significantly diminished the standing of the United States in diplomatic relations with our friends and allies and has only emboldened others to take unilateral actions. Consequently, over the last four years, the United States has failed to formulate viable foreign policies and strategies to tackle the multitude of global problems confronting its national interests and security. In the run up to the fall 2020 presidential election, I offer this work as a primer on Trump’s trade policies and his ferocious and unending attacks on both the U.S. legal system and the rules-based international system and its institutions. Click here or copy and paste the below link(s) to download (HeinOnline -- 'US International Trade Library.'): https:heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.trade/ttrump10001&i=1 http://www.globaltraderelations.net/images/Hein.New_Book_Trump,_Trade_and_Law_2_2020_.pdf
Putting the Asymmetry Debate in Its Place

The target article by Kyle Fritz (2021) draws attention to the asymmetry debate, an under-analyzed issue within the broader debate over the proper role of physician conscience in healthcare. The as...
Three Governance Challenges in the Era of Carbon Neutrality

As the nations of the world coalesce around mid-century carbon neutrality targets, the question of how to achieve those targets in practice will raise complex and not-always-apparent governance challenges. This memo briefly raises considerations in three areas: (1) managing the reemergence of the state; (2) competition (for better or worse); and (3) the hegemons and everyone else.
The Making of Complex Systems

In human factors, we learned during the last 3 decades that people commit various kinds of errors during operations of life-critical systems, and these errors are the cause of a majority of accidents. Therefore, we developed compensation responses for technology, organizations and people, including various kinds of defenses and resilient strategies, because relevant LCS properties were identified. It seems the problem is much deeper than the shallow solutions that have been found so far. Safety culture has to be based on a long-term educational process that should start at school from an early age. Today, such culture has to be reformatted into a complexity culture. What is a complex system? Why such a system could lead to catastrophic situations?
The Spleen: The Forgotten Organ, Is There Anything To Say?

By my last counting I have identified 74 specialty organizations in Radiology. They cover a wide spectrum of narrow interests. There are specialty groups devoted to VA radiologists and women radiologists. Others are directed to a focus in the hospital like the American Society of Emergency Radiology. Yet for the most part the specialty societies are devoted to separate organ systems or specific organs as their focus of attention. So there are neuroradiologic societies, societies of head and neck radiology and societies for chest, GE, Gyn, Pediatrics etc. Yet a major solid organ of the abdomen is an orphan because no society is dedicated to it. I refer of course to the spleen. Sure there is the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiology, but very little consideration is given to splenic abnormalities in GI Radiology journals or in national meetings of the SGR.
Abstract 62: The Role of Physical Activity in the Hypertension Pathway: A longitudinal pathway-based analysis across 18 years in modernizing China

Background: Urbanization is associated with a decline in physical activity and an increase in CVD, particularly hypertension in lower and middle income countries. We investigate the impact of modernization-related declines in physical activity and pathways through body mass to hypertension in Chinese adults. Methods: Data come from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a household-based study that covers 9 diverse Chinese provinces from 1991 to 2009 across eight waves of data (n=12,018 adults; aged 18-66). We used detailed activity recall across multiple domains (leisure, work, and home), 3 repeated 24-hour-dietary-recalls, measured anthropometry and blood pressure at each exam. We created a multi-level structural equation model in Mplus to estimate direct pathways from specific domains of physical activity to hypertension and indirect paths through BMI. All pathways, including pathways to physical activity domains, were adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic factors, urbanicity and region. Hyper...
General H/sup infinity / optimization: numerical advice and a way to treat plant uncertainty

A major part of this paper is devoted to describing numerical experience with (OPT). The authors make tentative suggestions for those who are developing computer methods for solving (OPT) or (UNCOPT') based on iterating solutions to successive A-A-K problems. Rather than focusing on a particular algorithm, the authors give qualitative properties which will be useful in studying many algorithms as well as in understanding worst case frequency-domain optimization in general. >
A Finite Element Method for the Optimal Design of Variable Thickness Sheets

References 1 Hsu, C. T., "Swirling Nozzle Flow Equations from Crocco's Relation," AIAA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 9, Sept. 1971, pp. 1866-1868. 2 Hsu, C. T., "Errata: 'Swirling Nozzle Flow Equations from Crocco's Relation,'" AIAA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, March 1972, p. 368. 3 Batson, J. L. and Sforzini, R. H., "Swirling Flow through a Nozzle," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 7, No. 2, Feb. 1970, pp. 159-163. 4 DeJoode, A. D., "Mach Number Distribution and Mass Flow Rate for Swirling Flow in a Choked Nozzle Throat," MS thesis, Feb. 1973, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa. 5 Lewellen, W. S., Burns, W. J., and Strickland, H. J., "Transonic Swirling Flow," AIAA Journal, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1969, pp. 1290-1297.
Degeneration, Regeneration, and Plasticity in the Nervous System

The exquisitely organized pathways and neural circuits discussed elsewhere in this textbook mediate precisely coordinated neurophysiological interactions that subserve a range of sensory, motor, cognitive, and autonomic modalities. These elaborate cellular interactions are the product of a dynamic series of developmental mechanisms involving neurogenesis and the formation of neuronal projections and synaptic networks via orchestrated neuritic outgrowth, postsynaptic target recognition, and synaptogenesis. The disruption of this intricate functional architecture by such catastrophic insults as brain or spinal cord injury—as well as neurodegenerative, demyelinative, and other diseases—can result in devastating disabilities with profound socioeconomic consequences at virtually every stage of an individual’s lifetime. The immediate question thus arises: to what degree can functional outcomes be improved? To address this issue, the present chapter explores principles underlying neural-tissue reactions to trauma and how these differ relative to peripheral nervous system (PNS) vs central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. The discussion will then turn to intrinsic repair mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions designed to rescue tissue at risk or promote regeneration and neuronal replacement. For illustrative purposes, much of the emphasis will be on neuronal changes after blunt damage to the CNS or severance of nerve fibers in the PNS. However, many of the cellular dynamics associated with trauma can be exhibited in other neuropathological states.
Folsom Fluted Projectile Points East of the Great Plains and Their Biogeographical Correlates

It is widely, although erroneously, assumed that Folsom Fluted projectile points are confined to the Plains of western North America. Projectile points morphologically identical to the western forms are relatively common throughout the upper Mississippi drainage basin as far east as eastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana. Their distribution east of the Plains coincides closely with the distribution of both prairie-like vegetation and bison at ca. 11,000 B.P., suggesting a similarity in the adaptations of both the eastern and western participants in the Folsom Tradition.
The male perineal sling for the treatment of neurogenic urinary incontinence

Purpose The treatment of the incompetent bladder neck in boys with neurogenic bladders is difficult. We have adapted the AMS Invance sling to treat this group of patients. This device was originally developed to treat urinary incontinence post-radical prostatectomy. Material and methods The InVance male sling system (AMS) was used in 4 boys with a history of spina bifida and urinary incontinence. The boys ranged in age from 15 years to 19 years. Follow-up ranges to 18 months. Urodynamics confirmed low leak point pressures and adequate vesical compliance and capacity. The procedure was performed on an out-patient basis. A silicone coated polyester sling was placed through a perineal incision. Three titanium screws were used in conjunction with polypropylene sutures to secure the sling on either descending pubic rami. Results A total of five slings were placed in 4 patients. One sling required replacement secondary to inadequate fixation. One sling was removed after a local wound infection developed. Of the 3 patients with the sling in place, all are completely continent. They are able to perform intermittent catheterization without difficulty. Conclusions This out-patient technique offers the potential of achieving long-term urinary continence in boys using a perineal based sling. Further studies of this approach are warranted based on these preliminary results.
Factors controlling the selection of tissue-specific metabolic pathways in early embryonic cells

Abstract Rana pipiens embryos from the mid-blastula to the early gastrula stage were dissociated into cell cultures, and incubated with 14C-labeled tryptophan. The uptake of the tryptophan by the cells, its incorporation into protein and its metabolism by enzymes of the serotonin and kynurenine pathways were measured as a function of time, tryptophan concentration, and embryonic stage. It was found that the intracellular concentration of tryptophan was a constant fraction of the extracellular level except for a brief period around stage 10 1 2 , during which the cells accumulated the amino acid to a higher concentration than in the external medium. The dominant metabolic pathway of tryptophan was a function of the intracellular concentration; at the lowest levels reported here most of the tryptophan was metabolized via the kynurenine pathway; at the highest levels most was metabolized via the serotonin pathway.
Knowledge deficits related to the QT interval could affect patient safety.

Background: Recently, some QT-prolonging, noncardiac medications were withdrawn from the U.S. drug market because of continued inappropriate use by health care practitioners despite warnings and label changes from both the drug manufacturers and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This led us to assess the health care practitioners' knowledge of the QT interval and medications that may prolong it. Methods: We surveyed health care practitioners, primarily specialists in cardiology, to identify knowledge deficits related to the QT interval. Results: From a total of 334 survey respondents, 157 (47%) were physicians; 271 (81%) stated that cardiology was their area of specialization. Most of the respondents (86%) said that they would check an ECG before and after starting QT-prolonging medications, but less than half (42%) of all respondents and only 60% of physician respondents were able to accurately measure a sample QT interval on the survey. Less than two-thirds (63%) of respondents were able to accurately identify possible QT-prolonging medications, while only about half (51%) could accurately identify medication combinations that might prolong the QT interval. Conclusions: We identified significant knowledge deficits regarding the QT interval and QT-prolonging medications. Additional research is needed to determine the extent to which these knowledge deficits may negatively affect patient safety. We must also develop effective strategies to eliminate these deficits.
Vector ℓ 0 latent-space principal component analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used signal processing technique. Instead of performing PCA in the data space, we consider the problem of sparse PCA in a potentially higher dimensional latent space. To do so, we zero-out groups of variables using vector £o regularization. The estimation is based on the maximization of the penalized log-likelihood, for which we develop an efficient coupled expectation-maximization (EM) - minorization-maximization (MM) algorithm. For the special case when the latent- and observation space are identical, our method corresponds to an existing vector £o PCA method, which we verify using simulations. The proposed method can also be utilized for penalized linear regression and we use simulations to demonstrate superior estimation performance. As an example of a practical application, we use our method to localize cortical activity from magnetoencephalography (MEG) data.
Comparison of 1.5- and 3.0-T MR Imaging for Evaluating the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the diagnostic performance of 1.5- and 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols for evaluating the articular cartilage of the knee joint in symptomatic patients. Materials and Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study was performed with a waiver of informed consent from the institutional review board. The study group consisted of 200 symptomatic patients undergoing MR examination of the knee at 1.5 T (61 men, 39 women; mean age, 38.9 years) or 3.0 T (52 men, 48 women; mean age, 39.1 years), who also underwent subsequent arthroscopic knee surgery. All MR examinations consisted of multiplanar fast spin-echo sequences with similar tissue contrast at 1.5 and 3.0 T. All articular surfaces were graded at arthroscopy by using the Noyes classification system. Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively and independently graded all articular surfaces seen at MR imaging by using a similar classification system. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 1.5- and 3....
Only connect: personal genomics and the future of American medicine.

Access to one’s own complete genome was unheard of just a few years ago. At present we have a smattering of identifiable complete human genomes, but the coming months and years will undoubtedly bring thousands more. What will this mean for the practice of medicine in the US? No one knows, but given the remarkable drop in the cost of DNA sequencing over the last few years, it seems a safe bet that within the next decade, primary care physicians will order patients’ whole genome sequences with no more fanfare than they would a complete blood count. But the challenges of transforming that easily accessible information into cost savings and better health outcomes will be daunting. Obviously, we lack interpretive abilities and phenotypic information commensurate with our skill in amassing DNA sequences. Worse, we have exacerbated these problems by failing to embrace the increasing ubiquity of genomic information, the populace’s interest in it, and its relevance to virtually every medical specialty. The success of personal genomics will require a profound cultural shift by every entity with a stake in human health.
Choosing a lawyer.

Choosing a lawyer can be confusing. This article discusses criteria to use in selecting a lawyer. Included are appropriate questions to ask during the selection process; considerations related to specialty, expertise, and scope of practice; and determination of fees.
Markets of a single customer: exploiting conceptual developments in market segmentation

Market segmentation has always had a very important place in the marketing literature. Besides being one of the ways of operationalizing the marketing concept, market segmentation provides effective guidelines for firms’ marketing strategy development and resource allocation among their diverse product markets. As market segmentation simultaneously addresses the roles of both marketers and customers, the segmentation concept has captured the attention of many scholars and practitioners alike in the field. Accordingly, within the last few years, a number of new developments have emerged in market segmentation. Although different terms or concepts may have been used by different researchers, the basic idea behind these developments has been to create more effective and efficient ways of reaching individual consumers in order to satisfy their unique needs and wants. Examines and conceptualizes the recent advancements in market segmentation and development studies and globally explores their managerial implications for marketing practitioners and researchers alike for orderly decision‐making purposes.
Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the retroperitoneum with no identifiable primary site

Background Neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm that mainly affects elderly Caucasians and typically arises in sun-exposed areas of the skin. The disease is rather rare and only a relatively few cases present with no apparent primary lesion.
Tennessee: The TennCare Crisis:

TennCare was created in 1994 to cover the 800,000 Tennessean Medicaid population, whose expenses for care were rapidly escalating. To receive a waiver from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to accomplish this, TennCare also included another 500,000 citizens who were uninsured, underinsured, or uninsurable. Therein lies the problem! Providers are dropping out and patients are experiencing difficulty in obtaining access to care, particularly subspecialty care. The fundamental basis of the crisis is that there is not enough money in TennCare to fund the system as it is designed. It is widely accepted that TennCare is so severely underfunded that without resolving the funding problem, no other reforms, however good they may be, will fix TennCare.
Quantum optics: Strongly interacting photons

A fine marriage between atomic and optical physics has produced a medium that is transparent to single photons but opaque to multiple photons. The finding heralds the development of devices such as single-photon switches. See Letter p.57 In conventional optical materials, nonlinear interactions between single photons are negligibly weak. This paper demonstrates that a cold, dense atomic gas can be nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs, while remaining transparent to single photons. The approach opens up possibilities for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching and deterministic quantum logic. The authors suggest that it could also be extended to other material systems with strong interactions between their constituents that can be coupled to light.
Dewey, qualitative thought, and context 1

It is widely acknowledged by qualitative researchers that all inquiry, qualitative or not, is context dependent. Nonetheless, exactly what is meant by the idea of context is elusive. My paper is an exposition of John Dewey's notions about what he called “qualitative thought” and its role in determining context. From a Deweyan perspective there is always a mostly noncognitive background that precedes and acts continuously to influence the cognitive problem‐solving foreground of inquiry. Indeed, without the background there would be no foreground. The paper calls special attention to the aesthetic dimensions that Dewey believed present in inquiry of all kinds. The paper concludes that the widely held distinction between rational and critical thinking is an untenable dualism. I will aggressively state Dewey's case, but I do not mean to suggest that Dewey has resolved the thorny issue of what is a context, and how it is established. I do believe, though, that readers will find his reflections a useful and cha...
MyCloud: supporting user-configured privacy protection in cloud computing

Privacy concern is still one of the major issues that prevent users from moving to public clouds. The root cause of the privacy problem is that the cloud provider has more privileges than it is necessary, which leaves no options for the cloud users to protect their privacy. Due to the same problem, once the control virtual machine or the cloud platform is compromised, all user's privacy will be breached. Many cryptographic solutions have been developed to protect sensitive data in the cloud. However, arbitrary processing is usually prohibited once cryptography is used. Homomorphic cryptography is considered promising but it does not offer practical performance at the current stage. Instead of cryptographic solutions, in this paper, we propose a new cloud architecture - MyCloud to solve the problem. MyCloud removes the control virtual machine (control VM) from the processor's root mode and only keeps security and performance crucial components in the TCB. MyCloud achieves the following security goals. First, MyCloud de-privileges the cloud provider such that the cloud provider cannot inspect users' memory through the control virtual machine. Second, MyCloud enables user configured privacy protection. Third, the reduced the TCB size also minimizes the attack surface of the cloud platform. We implemented a prototype system with ~5.8K LOCs on x86 architecture. According to our experimental results, our platform shows acceptable overhead while providing significantly enhanced security and privacy protection that can be configured by users.
Babesia microti: Prolonged survival of salivarian piroplasms in nymphal Ixodes dammini

We determined how long Babesia microti survive in the salivary glands of nymphal Ixodes dammini. Of those ticks held at 21 C, the proportion with demonstrable piroplasms decreased from 95%, prior to 20 weeks post-larval-feeding (p-l-f), to less than 80% at 42 weeks p-l-f. Similarly, the number of infected acini decreased significantly. Nymphal I. dammini were kept alive for as long as 1 year, by transferring them to 4 C, at 20 weeks p-l-f. The proportion of infected ticks at 52 weeks p-l-f was less than half of the proportion of infected nymphs examined prior to 20 weeks p-l-f, and only 1/6 as many acini were infected. Ultrastructural observations of salivary glands from ticks at 44 weeks p-l-f revealed that B. microti parasites in older ticks remain in the sporoblast meshwork phase; such parasites rarely differentiated into sporozoites. Degenerating parasites containing autophagic vacuoles were also observed in older ticks.
Tactoidal Granules in Concentrated Actin Gels: A Solidlike State of Protein Filaments

We report here the first observation and microscopic characterization of tactoidal granules of actin in concentrated gels of actin filaments (F-actin). Phase contrast microscopy shows these stable tactoids of densely packed F-actin to be of various sizes on the order of 10 μm. The background gel of F-actin is optically birefringent, indicating orientational order of the filaments consistent with theoretical predictions. In contrast, no birefringence is detected through the tactoids, suggesting very distinct yet undetermined packing of the filaments inside. The tactoids demonstrate elastic response upon micromanipulation. The microscopic segregation of F-actin into two states of different protein concentrations is consistent with a first order phase transition between a nematic gel of lower concentration on the order of ten mg/nl and a highly packed, possibly columnar state of protein filaments. In addition to the excluded volume effects which are known to drive thermodynamic phase transitions as a function of particle concentration, additional molecular forces must also play important roles since the formation was found to be irreversible upon dilution.
ENERGY GAPS IN SPIN-WAVE SPECTRA

Energy gaps in the spin-wave spectra are used to calculate the temperature dependence of the saturation moment in terbium. The energy gap manifests itself at low temperatures in all properties that depend on the magnetic specific heat in a simple ferromagnet. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivities of lutetium, terbium, dysprosium, and holmium are determined for low temperatures. (C.E.S.)
Comparing Powerpoint Experts' and University Students' Opinions about Powerpoint Presentations

Technical communication instructors want to help students, as well as professionals, design effective PowerPoint presentations. Toward this end, I compare the advice of academic and industry experts about effective PowerPoint presentation design to survey responses from university students about slide text, visual elements, animations, and other issues related to PowerPoint presentation design and delivery. Based on this comparison, I suggest some topics, such as PowerPoint's Slide Sorter view, that technical communication instructors and other presentation instructors might address when they cover presentations in their classes or seminars.