cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximum Expected Rates of Block-Fading Channels with Entropy-Constrained Channel State Feedback

We obtain the maximum average data rates achievable over block-fading channels when the receiver has perfect channel state information (CSI), and only an entropy-constrained quantized approximation of this CSI is available at the transmitter. We assume channel gains in consecutive blocks are independent and identically distributed and consider a short term power constraint. Our analysis is valid for a wide variety of channel fading statistics, including Rician and Nakagami-m fading. For this situation, the problem translates into designing an optimal entropy-constrained quantizer to convey approximated CSI to the transmitter and to define a rate-adaptation policy for the latter so as to maximize average downlink data rate. A numerical procedure is presented which yields the thresholds and reconstruction points of the optimal quantizer, together with the associated maximum average downlink rates, by finding the roots of a small set of scalar functions of two scalar arguments. Utilizing this procedure, it is found that achieving the maximum downlink average capacity C requires, in some cases, time sharing between two regimes. In addition, it is found that, for an uplink entropy constraint H <; log2 (L), a quantizer with more than L cells provides only a small capacity increase, especially at high SNRs.
Deconvolution of gel filtration chromatographs of human plasma lipoproteins.

Gel filtration chromatographs of lipoproteins represent a superposition, or convolution, of the intrinsic polydispersity of the solute and the dispersion due to transport phenomena. We describe a deconvolution technique for improving the resolution of gel filtration chromatographs applicable to lipoproteins and other polydisperse solutes. A matrix of spreading functions, characterizing the dispersive properties of the column, was determined by fitting chromatographic data from a series of monodisperse standards with the solution to the transport equations and interpolating between the fit parameters. A successive approximation scheme was used in which a test distribution was incrementally corrected by an amount proportional to the error between the measured chromatograph and that derived from the test distribution. A nonlinear relaxing function was used to constrain the correction term such that the solution remained physically realizable (i.e., nonnegative absorbance) as it evolved. Deconvolved chromatographs of lipoproteins provided resolution of peaks that were obscured by spreading in the original data. The distribution of particle sizes within each fraction was calculated and verified experimentally by further separating the contents of fractions by gradient gel electrophoresis. Our technique, however, provided comparable resolution of the peaks without the additional experimental procedure.
Synthesis of position, path and function generating 4-bar mechanisms with completely rotatable driving links

Abstract A unified treatment of the synthesis of position, path and function generating mechanisms with completely rotatable input links is presented in this paper. Algebraic-geometrical techniques are used to obtain all proper crank-rocker and drag-link linkage solutions with transmission angles in the range 45° ≤ μ ≤ 135°.
Recent upper respiratory tract infection and pityriasis rosea: a case‐control study of 249 matched pairs

SUMMARY A sample of 249 patients was drawn from an original population of 939 patients with pityriasis rosea identified in an earlier population-based study of pityriasis rosea in Rochester, Minnesota. A control was selected for each case, matched for age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Comparison was made with regard to recent immunization, history of atopy, and recent infection. A statistically significant number of patients had experienced recent upper respiratory tract infection (P<0.005). The association between recent infection and pityriasis rosea is discussed.
Energy Saving Alignment Strategy: Achieving energy efficiency in urban buildings by matching occupant temperature preferences with a building’s indoor thermal environment

Abstract Existing strategies for residential energy savings through physical renovation or motivating occupant energy conservation behavior can be costly and/or have transitory effects. Focusing on multi-family dwellings, an important subset of the urban residential sector, we propose an Energy Saving Alignment Strategy (ESAS) that has advantageous cost-effectiveness and a long-lasting influence. By aligning the distribution of residents’ thermostat preferences with the indoor temperature, ESAS aims to maximize thermal comfort and, accordingly, energy savings in multi-family buildings where indoor temperatures vary between apartments as a function of apartment orientation and floor level. Using a case study of a 1084-apartment public housing complex in New York, we classify both occupants’ thermostat preferences and apartments’ operative temperatures into five groups, and optimize energy efficiency by assigning each group of occupants to the group of apartments that best aligns with their thermostat preference. We test ESAS in eight cities representing all four U.S. census regions and six climate zones. Simulation results reveal 2.1–42.0% in energy savings compared to random apartment assignments depending on geographic location, with the highest energy reductions occurring in cities with mild climates, where the range of occupant thermostat preferences coincides with the natural indoor temperature range. We conclude by providing suggested guidelines on how ESAS might work in practice, and recommendations for extending ESAS research.
Sensor array processing techniques for super resolution multi-line-fitting and straight edge detection

A signal processing method is developed for solving the problem of fitting multiple lines in a two-dimensional image. It formulates the multi-line-fitting problem in a special parameter estimation framework such that a signal structure similar to the sensor array processing signal representation is obtained. Then the recently developed algorithms in that formalism can be exploited to produce super-resolution estimates for line parameters. The number of lines may also be estimated in this framework. The signal representation used can be generalized to handle problems of line fitting and of straight edge detection. Details of the proposed algorithm and several experimental results are presented. The method exhibits considerable computational speed superiority over existing single- and multiple-line-fitting algorithms such as the Hough transform method. Potential applications include road tracking in robotic vision, mask wafer alignment in semiconductor manufacturing, aerial image analysis, text alignment in document analysis, and particle tracking in bubble chambers. >
Tolerance of autologous and allogeneic bone grafts to therapeutic radiation in humans.

Abstract Purpose: To examine the effect of perioperative irradiation on bone graft healing and functional integrity. Methods and Materials: Fifty-five bone grafts (10 autologus and 45 allogeneic) performed between 1978 and 1995 were evaluated retrospectively. Sixteen received preoperative radiation, 11 received postoperative, and 13 were treated with a combination of pre- and postoperative radiation. Fifteen nonirradiated grafts were randomly selected to serve as controls. Twenty-three of the grafts were placed in patients who received chemotherapy in the perioperative period. Functional graft survival and radiographic healing quality were evaluated. Results: Overall rates of graft survival at 1 year were 89% for autografts and 79% for allografts. Graft survival rates were 86% and 68% at 1 and 5 years for the irradiated group, and 67% and 58% for the control group. No significant difference was seen in the Kaplan-Meier graft survival curves of the two groups. There was a nonsignificant trend toward improved radiographic healing quality in the control group. No significant differences in outcome based on treatment chronology were found with survival rates of 88% for preoperative treatment and 100% for postoperative treatment. No relation between outcome and bone dose (preoperative + postoperative dose), graft dose (postoperative dose), or mean dose/day was found. There was a trend ( p = 0.0525) toward worse outcome seen in the Kaplan-Meier curves of patients who received chemotherapy. This difference, however, was not seen in the 1-year survival rates or healing quality. Tobacco use tended toward predicting failure, with 63% graft survival compared to 85% in nonsmokers ( p = 0.09). Healing quality was significantly lower in the smoking group. Conclusion: The low failure rate of grafts in irradiated sites, overall and compared to controls from this study and relevant literature, as well as the lack of dose and time effects, does not support significant deviation from the indicated treatment regimen for patients who have received or are expected to receive a graft. The trend toward decreased quality of radiographic bone healing, and data published in relevant literature indicating improved healing when radiation is withheld until 3–4 weeks postoperatively suggest this delay should be attempted when not expected to otherwise compromise patient outcome. A nonsignificant trend only for the effect of chemotherapy on bone grafts was seen, thus we do not recommend changes in its use as appropriate for disease management other than a preference against use during the immediate perioperative period.
An Experimental Investigation of Damage Evolution in a Ceramic Matrix Composite

The mechanical behavior of a glass-ceramic matrix composite, SiC/CAS (calcium aluminosilicate reinforced with unidirectional SiC fibers), is studied. Results based on uniaxial tension experiments are presented for specimens with fibers aligned in the loading direction. Axial and transverse strain gages on all four gage section surfaces and in situ acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave speed measurements were used to monitor the evolution of damage. All measurements were made with high-resolution, continuous data acquisition. Post-test optical and scanning electron microscopy was also used to identify the various micromechanisms of damage. The experimental results demonstrate the existence of “zones of deformation” which are associated with the onset of different damage mechanisms. It is shown that the observed stress-strain behavior can be explained in terms of the material properties of the matrix and the fiber, the material processing, and the postulated zones of deformation.
A minimal realization algorithm for matrix sequences

We give an algorithm for solving the Pade approximation problem for matrix sequences over an arbitrary field. The algorithm is a multivariate version of one first proposed by Berlekamp and Massey in a coding theory context, the extension being obtained using matrix-fraction descriptions of multivariable systems. The algorithm is recursive and seems to have some computational advantages. Furthermore, our results are in a form that permits easy determination of state-space models from the transfer functions, solving what is called the partial realization problem. Our algorithm also shows how to obtain a characterization of the invariants of this problem.
Microfossils and evidence of land plant evolution

Resolving the question of (1) land plant and (2) vascular land plant evolution is a complex problem. It requires a continued, multidisciplinary effort. We are all grateful to Dianne Edwards and her colleagues (Edwards et al. 1979) for pursuing one such line of research with careful attention to morphology and stratigraphy. Their efforts, however, are confined to one small part of the globe, and they perforce involve only one type of evidence effective with regard to questions of vascular plant evolution once the land estate has been reached. They do not deal with the basic question of vascular and non-vascular land plant origins. The so-called Přidoli benchmark that remained the sine qua nun for vascular plant evolution when Dianne Edwards began her studies has now been irrevocably breached. What other supposedly sacrosanct benchmarks will also crumble as the result of future discoveries, now that vascular plants have been recovered from lower Ludlovian strata? Nevertheless, pre-Devonian plant megafossils are too rare to yield definitive results with regard to the origin of land plants prior to the vascular estate, even though they could in principle (as emphasized by Edwards et al. 1979) provide the least ambiguous evidence. We must look elsewhere than to megafossils for evidence suggesting links in time between green algal ancestors, major groups of living green land Plants, and the many extinct groups of enigmatic higher land plants in the crucial Early Paleozoic time interval.
Targeted Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Guinea Pigs

This pilot study compared otoprotection provided by trans-tympanic formulations and systemic intraperitoneal administration of L-N-acetylcysteine from cisplatin-induced cochlear oxidative stress. Protection was assessed by measures of hearing loss and cochlear glutathione levels. All groups received an equivalent single dose of L-N-acetylcysteine followed by cisplatin.Cisplatin was administered subcutaneously for 3 days (5.5 mg/kg/day). Two hours prior to day 1 cisplatin, L-N-acetylcysteine was administered either intraperitoneally (250 mg/kg), trans-tympanic as 2% L-N-acetylcysteine in gel, or trans-tympanic as L-N-acetylcysteine–loaded nanocapsules in gel. Hearing was assessed prior to and 3 days after cisplatin followed by microdissection of cochlear tissue. The levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione in homogenized tissue supernatants were determined via luminometry.Intraperitoneal L-N-acetylcysteine administration preceding cisplatin resulted in less hearing loss and a higher GSH/GSSG...
Detecting Particular Genotypes in Populations Under Nonrandom Mating

We investigate the time to formation of particular genotypes in populations with nonrandom mating systems. We employ two main techniques. The first is a study of branching processes with “killing”; these are models which behave just like a standard Galton-Watson branching process with the added possibility of being terminated by the occurrence of a special event in the process. In our case, this special event corresponds to formation or detection of a group of individuals carrying a specific genotype. We then use these results and some natural approximation methods to analyze and interpret the gene formation problem in a simple way.
The effect of pregnancy in Parkinson's disease

Pregnancy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rare occurrence. Previous reports based on retrospective analysis suggest that pregnancy may have a deleterious effect on PD. We describe the effects of pregnancy on the symptomatology of a 33-year-old woman with PD using quantitative neurologic and quality-of-life scales prepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum. During her pregnancy, she was only treated with carbidopa/levodopa. The pregnancy resulted in a normal full-term vaginal delivery of a healthy infant. Significant worsening of this patient's motor symptoms occurred during pregnancy without return to baseline at 15 months postpartum. Pregnancy may exacerbate PD and may have a long-term negative impact on the course of the illness. This report may assist physicians in the counseling of patients with young-onset PD who wish to consider pregnancy.
Automated forward and reverse ratcheting of DNA in a nanopore at 5-A precision

A key obstacle to sequencing DNA as it passes through a nanopore is that the translocation rate is too fast to resolve individual bases. Cherf et al. solve this problem with an improved method for ratcheting DNA forward and backward through the nanopore using a DNA polymerase.
A Practical Flow Control Scheme Considering Optimal Energy Allocation in Solar-Powered WSNs

Using solar power in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) requires a different approach to energy consumption from networks with battery-based nodes. Since solar energy can be harvested periodically, our aim is to use this harvested energy efficiently for specific network-wide performance goals, not just to minimize the energy consumption to sustain the network lifetime. Therefore, we propose a flow control algorithm to maximize the amount of data collected by the network while cooperating with our energy allocation scheme in order to efficiently use the available solar energy which varies from time to time. Our algorithm runs on each node in a distributed manner using only information about its neighbors. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on a real solar-powered WSN.
Mediastinal hematoma and left main dissection following blunt chest trauma

A 40-year-old man sustained blunt chest trauma resulting in sternal fracture, mediastinal hematoma, and dissection of the left main coronary artery. Because of associated injury, the coronary angiogram was performed 7 days after the accident and off-pump coronary bypass surgery was performed immediately. Two months later, follow-up angiogram revealed completely healed left main dissection. The patient continues to do well 4 months postoperatively. Language: en
Effect of digoxin on contractility and symptoms in infants with a large ventricular septal defect

The effect of digoxin on contractility and symptoms in infants with a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) is controversial. Nineteen infants with symptoms of congestive heart failure due to a VSD were studied with load-independent indexes during 4 study periods: (1) before any medication; (2) while on chronic diuretics; (3) while on both diuretics and digoxin; and (4) while on diuretics alone, to determine if digoxin: (a) increases "contractility" when added to diuretic therapy; and (b) improves symptoms. Symptoms, signs (heart and respiratory rates, and weight gain), shortening fraction, preload (left ventricular end-diastolic dimension), afterload (left ventricular end-systolic wall stress) and contractility were measured at each period. The difference between the measured and predicted velocities of circumferential fiber shortening for the measured left ventricular end-systolic wall stress served as an index of contractility. Eighteen infants also underwent catheterization. Mean pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 3:1. When digoxin was added to diuretics, contractility index was significantly greater than in control subjects (0.13 +/- 0.15 vs 0.0 +/- 0.12 circ/s, p = 0.04). When patients were again on diuretics alone (after discontinuation of digoxin), contractility index was no longer different. Symptoms and signs were not significantly improved by either diuretics or digoxin. It is concluded that in infants with a large left-to-right VSD shunt and receiving digoxin and diuretics, contractility index was significantly greater than in control subjects. However, neither diuretics alone nor in combination with digoxin improved symptoms significantly.
The Initial Stages of Silicide Epitaxy - Nucleation and Morphology

The initial stages of epitaxial silicide formation are described in terms of the nucleation properties. The reaction process is divided into the stages of interdiffusion, nucleation, and growth and coalescence. The aspects of the nucleation from the interdiffused regions are described. Results are presented for Pd and Pt deposited on clean Si surfaces. The initial thickness where silicide compound formation is observed is related to he critical cluster size of the nucleation model. The epitaxial morphology can be strongly influenced by heterogeneous nucleation involving the substrate interface, and this effect is demonstrated by reaction with metal overlayers less than the critical thickness.
Regulation of progesterone-binding breast cyst protein GCDFP-24 secretion by estrogens and androgens in human breast cancer cells: a new marker of steroid action in breast cancer.

We have previously demonstrated that androgens are potent inhibitors of breast cancer cell proliferation under both basal and estrogen-induced incubation conditions, while they suppress expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for the antagonism between androgens and estrogens in breast cancer and to obtain a new tumor marker for the actions of these two steroids, we have investigated the effects of androgens and estrogens on expression of the major protein found in human breast gross cystic disease fluid, namely GCDFP-24. This study was performed in ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. After a 9-day incubation period, physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol stimulated proliferation of ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 cells by 2- to 3.5-fold while simultaneously exerting a marked 70–90% inhibition of GCDFP-24 secretion. The estrogenic effects on GCDFP-24 secretion and cell proliferation were both competitively blocked by simultaneous incubation ...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells Survive and Mature in the Nonhuman Primate Brain

SUMMARY The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opens up the possibility for personalized cell therapy. Here, we show that transplanted autologous rhesus monkey iPSC-derived neural progenitors survive for up to 6 months and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating oligodendrocytes in the brains of MPTP-induced hemiparkinsonian rhesus monkeys with a minimal presence of inflammatory cells and reactive glia. This finding represents a significant step toward personalized regenerative therapies.
Testing for parentage and kinship.

Purpose of review Parentage analyses are of interest to workers in health care, law enforcement, immigration and other fields. This review describes recent applications, technical advances, and quality improvements. Recent findings Mutations at short tandem repeat sequence loci confound interpretations of genetic data used to assess all blood relationships. Rates of the usual mutation type (change in repeat number) are probably related to specific alleles at each locus as well as to allele length, locus, and gender. Short tandem repeat sequences have relatively limited information content per locus. Intermediate tandem repeat sequence loci may be better. In immigration proceedings, probabilities can be calculated for excluding parentage in blood relatives who might impersonate the biologic parent. Unrelated immigrants from a subpopulation may appear to be related, but it is now possible to statistically determine the effect of population substructure on kinship determinations. In forensic analyses, sex chromosomal (X and Y) short tandem repeat sequences and mitochondrial DNA sequence variations have helped identify the parental lineages of human remains. Recent laboratory quality improvements include a way to estimate the frequency of common mother-child specimen mislabeling in routine paternity cases. In prenatal testing there are now methods for avoiding erroneous assignment of contaminant maternal alleles to the fetus. False paternity exclusions can be avoided by adhering to a standard of the American Association of Blood Banks requiring duplicate DNA isolation and retesting of excluded men. Summary Laboratory technology and quality have advanced, but genetic tests with greater information content are needed. Better communication is highly desirable between persons requesting tests and parentage laboratories.
Examining the Divergence Across Self-report and Official Data Sources on Inferences About the Adolescent Life-course of Crime

Both self-report and official crime data have known limitations, leading to the critical question as to whether inferences about the adolescent life-course of crime are different across these data sources. Using both official and self-report arrest data on a sample of subjects drawn from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) longitudinal cohort study, this paper examines the extent to which individual age-arrest curves are comparable across these data sources. Particular attention is given to examining whether criminal career dimensions, namely participation, frequency of arrest, age of onset, and continuity in behavior, are similar across data sources. Additionally, this paper examines whether the key predictors of youth crime (e.g., family processes, peer influence, and neighborhood disadvantage) function similarly across measurement types. Findings reveal that a sizable number of youth self-report being arrested without having a corresponding official arrest record, and a sizable proportion of those youth with an official arrest record fail to self-report that they had been arrested. Despite significant differences across the two arrest measures on many criminal career dimensions, the effects of family supervision, parent–child conflict, and neighborhood disadvantage operate similarly across data types.
Radiation Effects in Type-Two Antimonide Superlattice Infrared Detectors

One-MeV proton irradiation of antimonide superlattice infrared detectors intended for use in space decreases the quantum efficiency, increases leakage and decreases the activation energy for carrier diffusion. Still, the devices show high radiation tolerance: The fluence at which noticable degradation is observed, 5 × 1011 H+/cm2, is equivalent to about 1 Mrad(Si).
Aging, Primary Care, and Self-Sufficiency: Health Care Workforce Challenges Ahead

A combination of "environmental factors" in the U.S. has led to an increased demand for health care professionals. However, there has been a significant decrease in the number of U.S. medical graduates selecting careers in family medicine and general internal medicine, thus driving demand for international medical graduates. At the heart of our national workforce policy needs to be good domestic and foreign policies, such as self-sufficiency approaches that include strategies to incentivize rural and underserved practice for U.S. medical graduates.
When More Alternatives Lead to Less Choice

This paper shows that when the alternatives offered to consumers span the preference space (as it would be chosen by a firm), search or evaluation costs may lead consumers not to search and not to choose if too many or too few alternatives are offered. If too many alternatives are offered, then the consumer may have to engage in many searches or evaluations to find a satisfactory fit. This may be too costly and result in the consumer avoiding making a choice altogether. If too few alternatives are offered, then the consumer may not search or choose, fearing that an acceptable choice is unlikely. These two forces result in the existence of a finite optimal number of alternatives that maximizes the probability of choice.
An Empirical Investigation of Gender Wage Differences in Information Systems Occupations: 1991 - 2008

This paper investigates the gender earnings gap, adjusted for key determinants, for individuals employed in clerical and professional level information systems positions for the period from 1991 through 2008. It explores changes in the earnings gap for IS workers, and specifically examines changes which occurred relative to the so-called internet "bubble" observed during the late 1990s. Empirical analysis of the wage gap is based on data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Examination of these data suggests that the gender earnings gap is persistent, despite frequent claims to the contrary from industry surveys. It is narrower for professional level positions. Furthermore, the data suggest that professional level female IS workers may have indeed experienced a beneficial effect from the internet "bubble" of the late 1990s, but it is unknown whether or not that effect may be fading in the internet "bust" of the early 21st century.
Sentiment analysis based on appraisal theory and functional local grammars

Much of the past work in structured sentiment extraction has been evaluated in ways that summarize the output of a sentiment extraction technique for a particular application. In order to get a true picture of how accurate a sentiment extraction system is, however, it is important to see how well it performs at finding individual mentions of opinions in a corpus. Past work also focuses heavily on mining opinion/product-feature pairs from product review corpora, which has lead to sentiment extraction systems assuming that the documents they operate on are review-like — that each document concerns only one topic, that there are lots of reviews on a particular product, and that the product features of interest are frequently recurring phrases. Based on existing linguistics research, this dissertation introduces the concept of an appraisal expression, the basic grammatical unit by which an opinion is expressed about a target. The IIT sentiment corpus, intended to present an alternative to both of these assumptions that have pervaded structured sentiment analysis research, consists of blog posts annotated with appraisal expressions to enable the evaluation of how well sentiment analysis systems find individual appraisal expressions. This dissertation introduces FLAG, an automated system for extracting appraisal expressions. FLAG operates based on a three step process: (1) identifying attitude groups using a lexicon-based shallow parser, (2) identifying potential structures for the rest of the appraisal expression by identifying patterns in a sentence's dependency parse tree, (3) selecting the best appraisal expression for each attitude group using a discriminative reranker. FLAG achieves an overall accuracy of 0.261 F1 at correctly identifying appraisal expressions, which is good considering the difficulty of the task.
Erignathus barbatus (Bearded seal)

Solid tissue cultures were prepared by Dr. Francis H. Fay and Mr. D. Ritter, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, from biopsies collected by Mr. J. J. Burns, Alaska Department Fish and Game, from specimens captured in the Chukchi Sea. The metaphases were kindly supplied by Dr. Ulfur Arnason, Lund, Sweden. The Y chromosome is the smallest element and may have minute short arms. The satellited marker chromosomes are #10 in these karyotypes.
Comments on the Paper by Lawrence White: 'On Truly Privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: Why It's Important and How to Do It'

Larry White has created a highly useful paper that clearly lays out the reasons to privatize Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (F&F) and offers a roadmap for doing so. I agree fully with the goal and his reasons for it, although below I will indicate I have a different perspective on how best to "do it."
On the Critical Body Temperature in Bodily Reactions during Hyperthermia

It is well known that hyperthermia above 41°C rarely occures in ordinary pysiological state and that, the course of patient will be always grave with fatal outcome under high body temperature exceeding 42°CDuring induced-hyperthermia above 42°C, animal (dog or monkey) evidenced respiratory depression, insufficiency of cardiovascular system, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, elevation of serum enzymes, lacticidemia and hyperkalemia.In clinical investigations of fatal cases with hyperthermia (Malignant hyperthermia and heatstroke), thrombcytopenia and disturbances of clotting factors were observed, and autopsy findings consisted of widespread haemorrhages, congestion and cellular degeneration in numerous organs, oedema in brain and lung, and nerosis in brain and kidney.These investigations revealed that hyperthermia exceeding about 42°C involving all organs caused multiple organ failure and irreversible changes in tissues.So, it is suggested that body temperature of about 42°C is critical temperature for living body under hyperthermia.These organ failure and tissue damage occuring in fatal hyperthermia might be explained by heat-induced cellular damage that, under high temperature, fat and protein in the cell undergo irreversible conformational changes.
Host Plant Resistance to Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in Diverse Soybean Germplasm Maturity Groups V Through VIII.

Initially discovered in Georgia in 2009, the exotic invasive plataspid, Megacopta cribraria (F.), has become a serious pest of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Managing M. cribraria in soybean typically involves the application of broad-spectrum insecticides. Soybean host plant resistance is an attractive alternative approach; however, no commercial soybean cultivars have been identified as resistant. During 2013 and 2014, we compared 40 and 44 soybean genotypes, respectively, for resistance to M. cribraria in a split-plot design under natural insect infestation in small-plot experiments. Soybean genotypes were selected to maximize diversity with respect to maturity group, pubescence type, leaf shape, seed size, nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance, seed protein content, and pest resistance. Megacopta cribraria egg masses, nymphs, and adults were counted during the growing season to identify potentially resistant soybean genotypes. Soybean seed yield was measured in insecticide-protected and unprotected conditions to determine tolerance to M. cribraria feeding. In both years, a range of host plant resistance was observed. The fewest M. cribraria adults and nymphs were found on narrow-leaf, small-seeded cultivars ‘N7103’ and ‘Vance,’ as well as the nonnodulating cultivar ‘Nitrasoy.’ Additionally, N7103 and Vance were among the least susceptible genotypes to M. cribraria oviposition in the field. Most ‘Benning’ cultivar insect-resistant near-isogenic breeding lines also displayed moderate levels of resistance to M. cribraria . Seed yields of Vance and N7103 were less affected by M. cribraria in 2013 than most other soybean genotypes. These results may be useful to soybean breeders to develop cultivars with resistance to M. cribraria.
Emulsifier for intravenous cyclosporin inhibits neurite outgrowth, causes deficits in rapid axonal transport and leads to structural abnormalities in differentiating N1E.115 neuroblastoma.

The emulsifier for cyclosporin in clinical i.v. formulations, Cremophor EL, has recently come into question as a possible source of neurotoxic side effects in immunosuppressant therapy. To address this issue we tested Cremophor EL and cyclosporin on an in vitro neuronal model, the differentiating N1E.115 neuroblastoma cell. In terms of effects on elaboration of neurites by these cells, Cremophor accounted for nearly all the neurotoxicity of clinically formulated cyclosporin. At a concentration of 0.005% (v/v), Cremophor EL halved the number of cells that extended neurites after 48 hr in serum-free medium. Average neurite length was also reduced substantially. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth first became apparent 24 hr after exposure to Cremophor EL. Neurites that did grow in the presence of Cremophor were disfigured by a series of regularly spaced, gross dilatations (beads) filled with large (0.2-0.5 microns) lipid vesicles. Abnormalities of rapid axonal transport were documented in the beaded neurites by means of video-enhanced contrast, differential interference-contrast microscopy. Velocity of retrograde transport remained normal, but the velocity of anterograde transport and the total bidirectional flux of organelles were both reduced. It seems likely that the inhibition of neurite outgrowth, the swellings of the neurites and the abnormalities of transport are interrelated phenomena.
Accelerating NCUC Via Binary Variable-Based Locally Ideal Formulation and Dynamic Global Cuts

This paper presents tighter formulations and dynamic global cutting plane solution approaches for accelerating network-constrained unit commitment (NCUC) problems, as the computational bottleneck of NCUC problems is always a concern to independent system operators (ISOs)/regional transmission owners (RTOs). Specifically, this paper explores tighter mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based NCUC formulations, via locally ideal reformulation for piece-wise linear cost functions of generators and valid cover inequalities by linking system load balance/power flow constraints with generation capacity limits. The paper also discusses an enhanced solution approach by dynamically generating global cutting planes at infeasible/suboptimal nodes of the branch-and-cut (BAC) tree, which would prevent similar infeasible/suboptimal nodes from being explored repeatedly. Since the major computational complexity of NCUC is caused by the large number of binary UC variables, the proposed strategies, being directly related to binary UC variables, could quickly identify infeasible/suboptimal binary solutions, reduce the search space in the BAC tree, and in turn improve the computational performance. Numerical case studies show that the proposed approach could significantly reduce the overall computational time as compared to the traditional NCUC approach.
Research process of the catalase in pathogenic fungi

Catalase generally exists in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms for anti-oxidation.This characteristic has its advantage:to protect the cell from damaging by oxygen-derived free radicals and repress the apoptosis induced by oxidation.On the other hand,it has its disadvantage:to protect the pathogenic microorganisms(including fungus) from damaging by oxidative system of the host.As a possible pathogenic mechanism,there were a lot of reports abroad,but few study in China.This article summarized the relative research process of the catalase in pathogenic fungi.
Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamic Trend of High Quality Super Rice Variety Songjing No.9

The dry matter weight of single stem,shoot in full heeding stage and spikes in mature stage of Songjing No.9 were significant higher than thoes of the other two check varieties.According to the correlation analysis,the dry mater weight of single stem in mature stage,dry mater weight of shoot in full heading time and dry matter weight of spikes in mature stage were very significant positive correlated to yield.
Marginal Zone B Cell Development

Upon arriving in the spleen, newly minted transitional B cells differentiate into either follicular or marginal zone (MZ) B cells. This decision depends on integration of signals from the B cell antigen receptor, B cell activating factor (BAFF)-dependent activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, Notch2-driven gene expression as well as integrin-mediated retention. Whether such signals are received simultaneously or in a sequential manner is currently unknown. It is also unclear whether integrin-mediated retention is a pre- or postlineage commitment event. The exact anatomic location in the spleen where MZ precursors receive these signals is also not known. It is also unclear as to how much of what has been learned about mouse MZ B cell development can be directly applied to human MZ B cells.
Linkage Analysis for Complex Diseases Using Variance Component Analysis

Variance component linkage analysis has become one of the most popular tools for the analysis of poly genic phenotypes. In particular for cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, variance component analysis holds some unique advantages. This analysis approach is versatile, affording the user the ability to incorporate the interplay between risk factors, genetic susceptibility, the effect of environmental factors, or the joint analysis of multiple phenotypes in the analysis. In this chapter, we present as an introduction the statistical background of variance component analysis as implemented in the genetic analysis package SOLAR.
Overestimation of close friend drinking problems in the prediction of one's own drinking problems

Abstract Background Overestimation of the amount that other students drink is related to alcohol-related problems. Although beliefs concerning students' friends tend to be stronger predictors of drinking than beliefs regarding students generally, little research has focused on overestimation of friends' drinking-related problems. Objectives Test hypotheses that students overestimate a close friend's drinking-related problems and that such overestimation would relate to more frequent drinking and related problems. Method Participant/Friend pairs ( N = 55) completed online measures of drinking-related beliefs and behaviors. Results Participants overestimated the alcohol-related problem severity experienced by their friends. Greater overestimation of friends' problems was related to greater participant alcohol-related problems and binge drinking. Conclusions/Importance Cognitive distortions regarding a friend's drinking-related behaviors may be useful therapeutic targets.
Root growth responses of three Great Basin perennials to intra and interspecific contact with other roots

Summary Competition between plants for soil resources such as water and nutrients can be affected by the spatial arrangement of neighbouring root systems. Avoidance of root overlap by one or more species would lessen competition. Here, we test whether the roots of three Great Basin perennials are capable of detecting the presence of other roots, and whether root growth rate is thereby negatively affected. Root growth rates were measured for Pseudoroegneria spicata, Agropyron desertorum and Artemisia tridentata ‘test’ plants, as they encountered and made contact with roots of other plants of each of the three species (‘target’ plants). The root growth responses were compared with roots that did not make contact with other roots and those that contacted simulated roots made of braided dacron line. Of the twelve test-target combinations, only Pseudoroegneria roots exhibited a highly significant reduction in growth rate upon contact with roots of Agropyron. Root growth rate of two Pseudoroegneria plants of a different genotype was not affected by contact with Agropyron roots. The ability to alter root growth behaviour according to the presence or absence of specific neighbours could be beneficial if it makes resources available that would not otherwise be. It remains to be seen whether or not ‘root recognition’ is an important phenomenon dictating root behaviour in the field, given resource patchiness and mycorrhizal associations.
Big Data Made Personal

We are in a new age of personal measurement due to the proliferation of a vast array of new instruments and technologies. Never before have we been able to continually or affordably monitor and log so many aspects of our lives. One downside of this fast developing space is that there are as many data types and repositories as there are devices and brands, so now we are faced with a new forest of disparate datasets all collecting and reporting partial information about individuals. Consequently, making sense of and leveraging this data for any given individual presents a new data challenge. The theme of this symposium raises the question: Now that we have all this data, how do we get our hands on it, make sense of it and use it to derive personal value? In this paper we will introduce a personal health and wellness data value chain, demonstrate some examples of this chain in action and propose some extensions to this chain that we believe will be of interest to researchers and practitioners.
Lactase Non-persistence and Lactose Intolerance.

To evaluate the clinical and nutritional significance of genetically determined lactase non-persistence and potential lactose and milk intolerance in 65–70% of the world’s adult population. Milk consumption is decreasing in the USA and is the lowest in countries with a high prevalence of lactase non-persistence. The dairy industry and Minnesota investigators have made efforts to minimize the influence of lactose intolerance on milk consumption. Some lactose intolerant individuals, without co-existent irritable bowel syndrome, are able to consume a glass of milk with a meal with no or minor symptoms. The high frequency of lactase persistence in offspring of Northern European countries and in some nomadic African tribes is due to mutations in the promoter of the lactase gene in association with survival advantage of milk drinking. Educational and commercial efforts to improve calcium and Vitamin D intake have focused on urging consumption of tolerable amounts of milk with a meal, use of lowered lactose-content foods including hard cheeses, yogurt, and lactose-hydrolyzed milk products.
Funktionsverbesserung und -verschlechterung nach Hirnschädigungen

Bei einer Vielzahl neuropathologischer Lasionen und Erkrankungen zeigen langfristig e Verlaufsuntersuchungen kontinuierliche, dynamische Veranderungen bei hirngeschadigten Patienten. Eine Funktionsrestitution ist selten vollstandig, dennoch ist das Gehirn ein dynamisches Organ, das einer kontinuierlichen Veranderung sowohl zum Besseren als auch zum Schlechteren unterliegt. Deshalb ist die Beobachtung von Geschwind (1985) so wichtig.
Post-pellet liquid application fat disproportionately coats fines and affects mixed-sex broiler live performance from 16 to 42 d of age

Abstract The effect of 2 fat application sites (FAS) and 2 levels of fines on feed manufacturing parameters and broiler live performance from 16 to 42 d was studied. The FAS included mixer-added fat (MAF) and post-pellet liquid application (PPLA) of fat. While the MAF diets had all fat added to the diet prior to pelleting, the PPLA diets were pelleted with 0.5% MAF, and the remaining 3.5% fat was added subsequent to pellet cooling. The levels of fines included 0 and 30%. A total of 32 pens was placed with 8 males and 8 females (mixed-sex) in each pen. Broiler chicks were fed a common crumbled starter for approximately 16 d and then transitioned to one of the 4 dietary treatments. The PPLA pellets were more durable than were MAF pellets (P
The Impact of a Peer Navigator Program in Addressing the Health Needs of Latinos With Serious Mental Illness

Objective:The impact of a peer navigator program (PNP) on efforts to address the health needs of Latinos with serious mental illness was examined in a randomized controlled trial.Methods:Latinos wi...
Spectral unmixing through part-based non-negative constraint denoising autoencoder

Spectral unmixing is to decompose the hyperspectral data into endmembers and abundances. It has been known to be a challenging and ill-posed task due to the corruption of noise as well as complex environmental conditions. In this paper, we propose a part-based denoising autoencoder with unique structure that solves the unmixing challenges. The effective l 21 norm and denoising constraints are applied on the network to better handle noise, while at the same time reducing the reconstruction error and redundant endmembers simultaneously. A back propagation optimization method powered with the Armijo rule is proposed to project the weights to the non-negativity space that guarantees the sum-to-one constraint. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach is able to outperform several state-of-the-art methods for highly noisy data.
Clinicopathologic factors, treatment patterns, and outcomes in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (UC).

439Background: Micropapillary UC remains rare yet with an aggressive phenotype. Limited data exists regarding the optimal management of this variant in the contemporary era. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to identity patients (pts) with micropapillary UC at the Cleveland Clinic (1997-2017). Demographic, clinico-pathological, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes, e.g. progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS) data were collected. Results: A total of 102 pts with median age 70.5 (46-90) at diagnosis, 84%, men, 17% never smokers were identified. Stage at diagnosis for 68 pts with available data was T1 in 29, T2 in 36, T3 in 1, T4 in 2, N+ in 5, and M+ in 4 pts, respectively. Twelve pts were initially treated with intravesical therapy for NMIBC with 58% progressing to higher stage. Overall, 81% of pts had cystectomy; of those 19% had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; 81% cisplatin-based, median 3 cycles), 21 pts received adjuvant chemotherapy and 3 pts adjuvant radiation. Of 12 pts...
Education for Leisure-Centered Living. By Charles K. Brightbill and Tony A. Mobley

(1979). Education for Leisure-Centered Living. By Charles K. Brightbill and Tony A. Mobley. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 343-344.