cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures and orientation development in tubular film extrusion of syndiotactic polypropylene and isotactic polypropylene

The differences in behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) in tubular film extrusion are qualitatively described. The crystalline form and orientation in the films were characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns, pole-figure analysis and birefringence. The sPP films had the crystalline form of the disordered Form I and the a-crystallographic axis was found to be preferentially oriented in the film normal direction (ND) under the conditions of biaxial stresses. High transverse orientations were developed in the sPP films. In the iPP films, the monoclinic crystalline form was found and the b-crystallographic axis was preferentially oriented in the ND. The birefringence of the films showed trends very similar to the crystalline orientations characterized by WAXD in both iPP and sPP films.
Hatchery Flounder Going Wild: Authenticity, Aesthetics, and Fetishism of Fish in Japan

This article—based on ethnographic research on fish stocking and discourses surrounding authenticity, aesthetics, and taste of wild fish in Japan—examines the cultural production of the “wilderness.” While Japan's seafood culture has long historical roots, this fetishism of wild fish is a product of the recent advancement of fisheries technology, namely aquaculture and fish stocking. The expansion of aquaculture has shaped not only the notion of the “cultivated” but also that of the “wild.” Simultaneously, the development of fish stocking—the national project to enhance wild fish stocks by releasing hatchery-bred juveniles into the ocean—has also contributed to the reimagining of the authenticity of “wild” fish while complicating it. By looking at flounder, one of the most popular species for fish stocking, this article reveals that tasting “wilderness” is a multisensory experience that reflects not only gustatory but also visual dimensions.
Performance Evaluation of the Dual-Core Based SGI Altix 4700

The newest SGI Altix system is the 4000 series that uses dual-core Itanium-2 p9000 series processors. It differs from the Altix 3000 series in the processor architecture and in the type and number of the component modules. Here we compare and contrast between the Altix 4700 and Altix 3700/BX2 using a set of communication benchmarks, kernel benchmarks, and NSF application benchmarks. The communication benchmarks show that the 4700 has a higher effective bandwidth than the 3700/BX2 while the computation benchmarks show the two systems perform at comparable rates except where the application was able to take advantage of a larger L2 cache and faster memory bus on the 4700.
The Delayed Appearance of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a nontreatable viral disease of certain species of salmonid fish (Pilcher and Fryer, 1980). The disease, once confined to limited geographical areas, has in the past decade become widely disseminated. The virus has been responsible for important economic losses of cultured and wild fish in the Pacific Northwest of the USA (Groberg and Fryer, 1983), Disease caused by IHNV has increased significantly and control has become important to the successful culture of salmonids. Because there are no vaccines or drugs available, control depends on preventing horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus. This is done by egg incubation and rearing in virus-free water and propagation of eggs from virus-free parents (Groberg and Fryer, 1983). The efficacy of these methods of control is equivocal and often difficult to assess.
Hit identification and optimization in virtual screening: Practical recommendations based on a critical literature analysis

A critical analysis of virtual screening results published between 2007 and 2011 was performed. The activity of reported hit compounds from over 400 studies was compared to their hit identification criteria. Hit rates and ligand efficiencies were calculated to assist in these analyses, and the results were compared with factors such as the size of the virtual library and the number of compounds tested. A series of promiscuity, druglike, and ADMET filters were applied to the reported hits to assess the quality of compounds reported, and a careful analysis of a subset of the studies that presented hit optimization was performed. These data allowed us to make several practical recommendations with respect to selection of compounds for experimental testing, definition of hit identification criteria, and general virtual screening hit criteria to allow for realistic hit optimization. A key recommendation is the use of size-targeted ligand efficiency values as hit identification criteria.
Principles of Fuel Metabolism in Heart Muscle

The functions of metabolism in the heart are few in number and can be understood without detailed knowledge of elaborate chemical formulas. The primary function of the metabolism of energy-providing substrates is the rapid synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Under normal conditions, heart muscle covers its energy needs through the oxidation of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies or, to a lesser extent, amino acids. This chapter reviews the mechanisms of metabolic control and fuel selection, as they relate to the function of the heart. Particular emphasis is placed on the interaction between substrates and the control of the citric acid cycle, the final common pathway for all substrates providing reducing equivalents for the respiratory chain.
Vine and the Divine: Vine Deloria Jr. and the Holy

Vine Deloria Jr., named in 1974 by Time Magazine as one of the twelve most important religious thinkers in the world, passed away 13 November 2005.1 The many accolades after his death, ranging from the obituary in the New York Times (“Champion of Indian Rights”) to the conference held one year after his passing at the University of Arizona (“Where do we go from here? The legacies of Vine Deloria, Jr.”), attest to the monumental contributions he made during his life in so many areas (for example, law, Indian studies, spirituality, political organization, metaphysics, and history); he was a Renaissance man.2 Deloria wrote numerous books that deal with spiritual themes: God Is Red comes to mind as one of the first. His recent book that deals with spirituality, The World We Used to Live In, was published in the spring of 2006, several months after his death. Deloria and I discussed spiritual and religious themes for almost three decades (from the time I took a graduate seminar with him until the summer before his passing). We engaged in an ongoing dialogue about religious freedom (in particular the free exercise clause) as well as the role of images of God in Western and non-Western traditions.3 This commentary’s primary purpose is to begin to examine how Deloria deals with the divine in particular and the holy in general.4 It was only during the last year of his life (through correspondence and conversations) and the year after his death (by reading his works and an unpublished manuscript
New Decision Support Concepts for the Pharmacy Application in the HELP System

Das Kliniksinformationssystem HELP ist im LDS-Hospital in Salt Lake City seit uber 20 Jahren im Routineeinsatz. Zur Entwicklung von Subsystemen wurden im Laufe dieser Zeit unterschiedliche Software Tools entwickelt, die den Aufbau von Datenerfassungsmodulen, die Generierung von Listen und die Wissensbankverwaltung unterstutzen. Aufgrund der historischen Entwicklung dieser Werkzeuge beruhen sie alle auf unterschiedlichen Syntaxdefinitionen. Unsere Bestrebungen konzentrieren sich zur Zeit auf die Einfuhrung einer neuen wissensgesteuerten Software-Architektur, basierend auf einer modularen objekt-orientierten Wissensbank. Die Definition einer umfassenden HELP-Sprachsyntax soll die Entwicklung von Subsystemen vereinheitlichen. Im Rahmen dieser Neukonzeption wurde auch das Arzneimittelverordnungssystem neu strukturiert. Die entscheidungsunterstutzende Komponente wurde um ein “intelligentes” Datenerfassungsmodul erweitert. Mogliche Parameter einer Medikamentenverordnung werden, basierend auf Informationen und Regeln in der Wissensbank und der Auswertung des aktuellen Patientenzustands bestimmt und in der Verordnungsmaske automatisch als Vorschlagswerte angezeigt. Wir beschreiben das Design des neuen Arzneimittelverordnungssystems, erlautern die Struktur der zugrundeliegenden Wissensbank und stellen die entwickelten Software-Werkzeuge zur Bearbeitung und Verwaltung der Wissensbank vor.
Classical appetitive conditioning in the pigeon: Partial reinforcement

Light and food were paired for two groups of pigeons, one consistently and the other partially reinforced in an equated-reinforcements design. The over-all level of response to light (stabilimetrically measured) was the same in the two groups, both in acquisition and in extinction, although a significant Groups by Trials interaction appeated in extinction. The relation of these results to those of other experiments on partial reinforcement in classical conditioning is noted, and their implication for the problem of adventitious reinforcement is considered.
Chapter 4.: Evidenced-Based Practice for Anxiety Disorders in College Mental Health

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concerns in the United States and they tend to be among the most frequently reported in college mental health. While efficacious research for the...
Studies on the Distribution of the Pit Scale Asterolecanium minus on Oak Trees

Samples of branches were taken from various parts of valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee) trees in the central coast region of California during the dormant and growing seasons in 1962 for determination of numbers of Aster olecanium minus Lindinger (Homoptera: Asterolecaniidae). Scale density was found to decrease in a linear manner as height in the tree increased and as age of wood increased from 1 to 7 years. Densities were consistently lower, however, on terminal twigs than on the growth made 1 year earlier. On both upward- and on downward-growing terminal twigs, scales tended to orient the body with the anterior end directed toward the base of the twig. An attempt was made to provide an explanation for each of the relationships described.
Amylase secretion by isolated pancreatic acini after chronic cholecystokinin treatment in vivo.

A single dose of synthetic cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8, 5 micrograms/kg) in a depot carrier was injected subcutaneously into rats 2 and 14 h before the removal of the pancreas and the preparation of isolated pancreatic acini. CCK8 treatment induced no significant change in body weight or total amount of pancreatic DNA, but pancreatic weight, total pancreatic protein and amylase, and the concentration of amylase and total protein relative to DNA were significantly decreased. In acini prepared from CCK8-pretreated rats, responsiveness to maximal and supramaximal concentrations of CCK8 was significantly increased, irrespective of whether the amount of amylase released was expressed relative to DNA or calculated as a percentage of the acinar content. The dose-response curves for CCK8 were similarly shaped in both CCK8-pretreated and control rats but shifted threefold toward higher concentrations of CCK8 2 or 14 h after CCK8 treatment. Specific 125I-CCK binding was significantly increased only for high-affinity binding sites. Although these observations suggest that alterations in pancreatic amylase release could be due to changes at the cholecystokinin receptor, the secretory responsiveness to maximal and supramaximal concentrations of carbachol was also increased without any change in the sensitivity. Moreover, in contrast to the cholecystokinin receptor, there was no change in the number of muscarinic receptors or in their affinity for either agonists or antagonists measured with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recent Developments: Vermont Yankee Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

Article provides a critique of 1978 U.S. Supreme Court decision Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
Congenital internal hernia.

Current concepts of the unusual and frequently complex problems of internal hernia are reviewed, and the results of 8 cases are reported.
The Influence of Experimental Method on English Syllabification

A number of experimental methods have been used to elicit metalinguistic judgments about syllable division, a good deal of which deals with the syllabification of English words. However the syllabification literature is largely silent on the issue of intratask reliability, that is, whether the tasks all yield the same kinds of intuitions from speakers. Cote and Kharlamov (2011) gathered data from Russian speakers who syllabified nonce words in four different experimental conditions. When the results were compared they observed widely different results in many instances. This suggests that syllabification preferences are highly influenced by the particular task used to elicit them, which in turn casts doubt on the intratask reliability of syllabification studies. In order to test the reliability of different experimental methods in English, syllable divisions of 120 English words were elicited with eight different experimental tasks. In a mixed-effects logistic regression, no main effect of experimental method was found, although the method showed some interaction with stress and the legality of the consonant cluster word-initially and word-finally. Reasons why these results differ from those of Cote and Kharlamov are discussed, some of which are due to methodological flaws in their analysis.
Tales of Two Cities (in the Second-Century BCE): Jerusalem and Nineveh

This article reviews the two roughly contemporary deutero-canonical works from the second century BCE: the book of Judith and the book of Tobit. Both of these books agree in making Nineveh/Assyria the antagonist, even though the Medes had destroyed that city more than four hundred years before. This article proposes that Nineveh, ‘the evil city’, functions as an antipodal to the Holy City of Jerusalem. Despite the seemingly irresistible imperial power of Assyria embodied in its seventh-century capital, God's plans prophesied through the anti-Assyrian oracles of Isaiah and other prophets will not prove false. This peripeteia culminates in an eschatological New Jerusalem with its thoroughly renewed Temple for its God.
Extracorporeal Support During Bilateral Sequential Lung Transplantation in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: Risk Factors and Outcomes

Objective To identify preoperative predictors of extracorporeal support in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) undergoing bilateral sequential lung transplantation (LTx), and to examine outcomes associated with the use of extracorporeal support. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Single organ transplantation and tertiary care university medical center. Participants Adults with PH (preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP)≥25 mmHg) who underwent primary bilateral sequential LTx during 2007 to 2013. Measurements and Main Results Of 262 patients with PH undergoing LTx, extracorporeal support was initiated intraoperatively in 149 (57%). Preoperative severe right ventricle (RV) dysfunction and moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) were associated with extracorporeal support. In the remaining 208 patients without those factors, increasing preoperative oxygen requirement (odds ratio [OR] 1.30 per 1 L/min, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.11-1.52, p = 0.001), presence of RV dilation (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.28-6.02, p = 0.010), and mPAP (OR 1.33 per 5-mmHg increase in mPAP, 95% CI 1.04-1.70, p = 0.021) were associated independently with extracorporeal support in the multivariable model. Analysis of 49 propensity-matched pairs showed longer intensive care unit (5 v 14 days, p = 0.006) and hospital stays (27 v 39 days, p = 0.016) and increased need for tracheostomy (16% v 41%, p = 0.017) in patients exposed to extracorporeal support but no differences in 30-day mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, or dialysis. Conclusions Severity of RV dysfunction, TR, RV dilatation, increasing oxygen requirement, and increasing mPAP showed significant associations with the need for extracorporeal support during LTX in patients with PH. Extracorporeal support was associated with increased length of stay and tracheostomy but not with mortality or other complications. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Insulin delivery using solid micro needle patches in diabetic rats

D mellitus is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States. In 2011, 17 million patients received treatment for type 2 diabetes and 700,000 additional patients begin treatment each year. The US annual economic burden for diabetes care reached $218 billion in 2007, and continues to rise. Insulin is delivered by subcutaneous injection, but this route has a negative effect on glycemic control in two ways. First, insulin uptake from the subcutaneous space is slow and often results in post-meal hyperglycemia and delayed hypoglycemia. Second, many patients resist insulin therapy due to a fear of needles and subcutaneous injections. Therefore, an alternative insulin delivery method may become paramount in maintaining adequate glycemic control. Current efforts to develop alternative insulin delivery methods (e.g., oral or inhaled) have had limited clinical impact due to variable uptake, poor bioavailability, long-term safety concerns, and poor acceptance from patients and clinicians. As an alternative novel approach, we developedsolidmicroneedle patches for insulin delivery. Microneedlesrange in length from 150 – 900 mmand have been developed to create transport pathways for small drugs, macromolecules, and fluid flow in a painless manner. The microscopic length permits delivery of fluid to capillaries but limits the extension into the abundant nerve-ending region of the dermis, thereby minimizing pain. Fluid delivery through a microneedle has been shown to be relatively painless as compared to a hypodermic needle. We delivered insulin to diabetic rats subcutaneously and through a solid microneedle patch and found that rats receiving insulin via the microneedle patch achieved statistically higher insulin levels and a greater reduction in glucose levels.
Volume management by the book: the NAStore Volume Manager

The NAStore Volume Manager provides controlled access to removable media under UNIX. It is compatible with the latest informal consensus of the IEEE Storage System Standards Working Group. The modular design allows it to manage robotic and manual drives of various types in many locations: a UNIX daemon fields requests and passes them to the appropriate 'Repository Controller' based on the medium and location of the volume. At NAS the repositories are a vault and a farm of StorageTek ACS robots. Access permissions are handled analogously to the UNIX file system, with noaccess-read-readwrite separately assignable for owner, group, and world. A suite of user utilities allows volume allocation, mounting, moving, listing, access modification, and deallocation to be performed on the UNIX command line; a programmatic interface allows programs (such as a file migration manager) to accomplish the same functions. Initial testing, operational experience, and possible improvements are discussed. >
Selenium levels in human breast carcinoma tissue are associated with a common polymorphism in the gene for SELENOP (Selenoprotein P)

Selenium supplementation of the diets of rodents has consistently been shown to suppress mammary carcinogenesis and some, albeit not all, human epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse association between selenium and breast cancer risk. In order to better understand the role selenium plays in breast cancer, 30 samples of tumor tissue were obtained from women with breast cancer and analyzed for selenium concentration, the levels of several selenium-containing proteins and the levels of the MnSOD anti-oxidant protein. Polymorphisms within the genes for these same proteins were determined from DNA isolated from the tissue samples. There was a wide range of selenium in these tissues, ranging from 24 to 854ng/gm. The selenium levels in the tissues were correlated to the genotype of the SELENOP selenium carrier protein, but not to other proteins whose levels have been reported to be responsive to selenium availability, including GPX1, SELENOF and SBP1. There was an association between a polymorphism in the gene for MnSOD and the levels of the encoded protein. These studies were the first to examine the relationship between selenium levels, genotypes and protein levels in human tissues. Furthermore, the obtained data provide evidence for the need to obtain data about the effects of selenium in breast cancer by examining samples from that particular tissue type.
Molecular Insights on the CH4/CO2 Separation in Nanoporous Graphene and Graphene Oxide Separation Platforms: Adsorbents versus Membranes

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to gain fundamental molecular insights on the concentration-dependent adsorption and gas transport properties of the components in a CH4/CO2 gaseous mixture in single- and double-layered nanoporous graphene (NPG) and graphene oxide (NPGO) separation platforms. While these platforms are promising for a variety of separation applications, much about the relevant gas separation mechanisms in these systems is still unexplored. Based on the gas adsorption results in this work, at least two layers of CO2 are formed on the gas side of both NPG and NPGO, while no adsorption is observed for pure CH4 on the single-layered NPG. In contrast, increasing the CH4 concentration in the CH4/CO2 mixture leads to an enhancement of the CH4 adsorption on both separation platforms. The through-the-pore diffusion coefficients of both CO2 and CH4 increase with an increase in the CH4 concentration for all NPG and NPGO systems. The permeance of CO2 is smaller than that of CH4, suggestin...
Approaches to Retroperitoneal Dissection During Pancreatoduodenectomy

Because of the infiltrative nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as the proximity of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) to the head and uncinate process of the pancreas, cancer cells frequently infiltrate into the surrounding perineural and lymphatic tissues of the retroperitoneum toward the SMA. Thorough clearance of these soft tissues, known as the retroperitoneal or uncinate dissection, is therefore required to enhance the likelihood of a margin-negative resection. In this chapter, we describe and illustrate technical approaches to retroperitoneal dissection during pancreatoduodenectomy for patients with PDAC and discuss important considerations regarding the resection of tumors with vascular involvement.
Therapy of the Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome and Metastatic Islet Cell Carcinoma

The variable symptom complexes associated with malignant carcinoid tumors and the peptide-producing metastatic islet cell carcinomas have posed therapeutic challenges to clinicians since they were first discussed in the medical literature more than three decades ago. These malignant diseases produce a constellation of clinical problems which create unique difficulties in management for the surgical and medical oncologist.
Barotrauma in fish and barotrauma metrics.

In general terms, barotrauma is defined as an injury or disorder resulting from the establishment of a pressure difference across the wall of an anatomical structure or an injury of a body part or organ as a result of changes in pressure. In fish, barotrauma is physiological damage to nonauditory tissue. Barotrauma may be expressed as physical injury or changes in behavior and may result in immediate or delayed direct or indirect mortality.
Relationship of DNA Lesions and their Repair to Chromosomal Aberration Production

Though the roles of some specific DNA lesions in the production of chromosomal aberrations is clearly established, those of others remain unclear. While the study of aberration production in human genetic DNA repair deficiency diseases has been extremely rewarding already, eukaryotic repair systems are obviously complex, and one is tempted to feel that such studies may have raised as many questions as they have provided answers. For example, the “standard” sort of xeroderma pigmentosum is chromosomally sensitive to ultraviolet light and to those chemical agents inducing ultraviolet-type DNA repair. But both it and the variant form have been reported to also be sensitive to the crosslinking agent mitomycin C in one study [18], implying a common step or steps in the repair of pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers and DNA crosslinks. However, just to complicate matters, another study of chromosomal aberration production in xeroderma pigmentosum cells had found them no more sensitive to mitomycin C than normal cells [50]. Similarly, Fanconi’s anemia cells, which are chromosomally sensitive to crosslinking agents, and appear to be defective in the “unhooking” of linked polynucleotide strands [15, 16, 49, 51], are reported to be chromosomally sensitive to ethyl methanesulfonate as well [29], and to be sensitive to ionizing radiation [7, 19, ]0], again implying overlapping repair systems. It seems certain that further study of chromosomal aberration production in repair deficient cells by agents inducing various DNA lesions will reveal even greater complexity in eukaryotic DNA repair systems and their role in chromosomal aberration production. Nevertheless, there seems hope, at least, that such studies may also ultimately lead to a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved.
Closure and Lower Closure Theorems under Weak Convergence

If X is a normed linear space over the reals with norm ‖x‖, let X* be the dual of X, that is, the space of all linear bounded operators x* on X, the linear operation being denoted by (x*, x), or X* × X → R. A sequence [x k ] of elements of X then is said to be convergent in X to x provided ‖x k – x‖ → 0 as k → ∞. A sequence [x k ] of elements of X is said to be weakly convergent in X to x provided (x*, x k ) → (x*, x) as k → ∞ for all x* ∈ X*.
Hyper-selectivity, Racial Mobility, and the Remaking of Race

Recent immigrants to the United States are diverse with regard to selectivity. Hyper-selectivity refers to a dual positive selectivity in which immigrants are more likely to have graduated from college than nonmigrants in sending countries and the host population in the United States. This article addresses two questions. First, how does hyper-selectivity affect second-generation educational outcomes? Second, how does second-generation mobility change the cognitive construction of racial categories? It shows how hyper-selectivity among Chinese immigrants results in positive second-generation educational outcomes and racial mobility for Asian Americans. It also raises the question of whether hyper-selectivity operates similarly for non-Asian groups. While there is a second-generation advantage among hyper-selected groups, hyper-selectivity has not changed the cognitive construction of race for blacks and Latinos as it has for Asians.
A Brief History of the Prevention and Public Health Fund: Implications for Public Health Advocates

The nation’s first broad-based, mandatory investment in public health and prevention, the Prevention and Public Health Fund (the Fund), has had a brief and controversial history.Advocates for the F...
AAV Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery to Rodent Hearts

Currently, gene therapy is one of the most promising fields in biomedicine, with great therapeutic potential for an array of inherited and acquired diseases. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have emerged as promising tools to deliver selectively a therapeutic payload to target organs, including the heart. In this chapter, we describe the production and quality control of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors of the serotype 9, the most cardiotropic AAV serotype when delivered systemically in rodents. We also describe the systemic administration of rAAV vectors and the local delivery of rAAV vectors by direct intramyocardial injection. Taken together, the methods described in this chapter will allow the reader to deliver efficiently therapeutic genes to the rodent heart, both globally and regionally.
Prototyping optimization problems for digital breast tomosynthesis image reconstruction with a primal-dual algorithm

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is an emerging semi-tomographic modality that is gaining widespread popularity for mammographic screening. As the modality has only recently, in the last 10 years, been employed in the clinic, there is much variation amongst the vendors in DBT scan configuration and, accordingly, image reconstruction algorithm. In recent research there has been interest in developing iterative image reconstruction (IIR) based on gradient-sparsity regularization and for inclusion of physical modeling of detector response and noise properties. Due to the various motivations in designing IIR algorithms, there can be a great variety of optimization problems of interest. In this work, we employ a general optimization problem form where the objective function is a convex data discrepancy term and all other aspects of the imaging model are formulated as convex constraints. This general form of optimization can be efficiently solved using the primal-dual algorithm developed by Chambolle and Pock. We use the general optimization formulation together with this solver to prototype alternate imaging models for DBT; a least-squares data discrepancy with a modified total variation (TV) constraint is shown to be of particular interest in preliminary results.
On Asian American Ice Queens and Multigeneration Asian Ethnics

(1999). On Asian American Ice Queens and Multigeneration Asian Ethnics. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 181-186.
Sleep disturbances in orthopaedic trauma patients.

Objectives To determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances in orthopaedic trauma patients 3 months following surgery and to identify any subset(s) of patients at high risk for prolonged sleep disturbance. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Level 1 Trauma Center. Patient/participants All patients at an orthopaedic trauma clinic from May 3, 2016 to Feb 23, 2017. Main outcome measurements Baseline patient Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores compared to PSQI and ISI scores 3-months postoperatively. Both gender and age stratified data analyses were performed. Results Sixty-six patients met our inclusion criteria and completed both baseline and 3-month surveys. There were 44 males and 22 females. There was a significant increase in PSQI and ISI scores from baseline to 3 months across all patients. Further analysis revealed significant increases from baseline to 3 months in both PSQI and ISI scores for female patients but not male patients. There was a significant difference from baseline to 3 months in patients 50 years old and under but not for patients above 50 years old. No patients required revision surgery in the first 3 months. Conclusions More than half of all patients reported continued sleep disturbance 3 months postoperatively. Females are at particularly increased risk for sleep disturbance. These findings demonstrate that sleep disturbances merit attention in the early stages of the postoperative recovery process. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level II.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model for nutrient regulation of ovarian function

Observed in a wide variety of organism, from invertebrates to mammals, nutritional status modulates the energetically costly effort of producing female gametes. Despite this long-standing link between nutrition and ovarian function, relatively little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie how dietary components modulate egg production. Drosophila melanogaster, with its powerful and extensive genetic tools as well as its well-characterized ovarian response to diet, has proven to be instrumental in addressing this issue. This review covers what we currently know about the dietary control of oogenesis in Drosophila and the salient features of the fruit fly that make it a model for nutritional control of ovarian function.
Direct estimation of the parameters of a delayed, intermittent activation feedback model of postural sway during quiet standing.

Human postural sway during quiet standing has been characterized as a proportional-integral-derivative controller with intermittent activation. In the model, patterns of sway result from both instantaneous, passive, mechanical resistance and delayed, intermittent resistance signaled by the central nervous system. A Kalman-Filter framework was designed to directly estimate from experimental data the parameters of the model’s stochastic delay differential equations with discrete dynamic switching conditions. Simulations showed that all parameters could be estimated over a variety of possible data-generating configurations with varying degrees of bias and variance depending on their empirical identification. Applications to experimental data reveal distributions of each parameter that correspond well to previous findings, suggesting that many useful, physiological measures may be extracted from sway data. Individuals varied in degree and type of deviation from theoretical expectations, ranging from harmonic oscillation to non-equilibrium Langevin dynamics.
The Animal Novel That Therefore This Is Not

This chapter examines how a number of contemporary novels contest the idea of “the animal” as the singular other against which “the human” has been constructed. Focusing attention not only on the pernicious effects of speciesism and its intersections with forces of racism and sexism, these novels acknowledge how our understanding of humanity has been shaped against, but also, and more importantly with non-human animals. By representing our deep and varied relations with those unable to represent themselves, or at least unable to do so in human language, the authors included consider the effects of speaking for those silenced others—human and animal—and ask how we might acknowledge—and give value to—the ways they speak to us.
Why Rural Matters 2018-2019: The Time is Now: Interview with Authors Jerry Johnson, Daniel Showalter, and Sara Hartman

TRE editor Erin McHenry-Sorber recently spoke with three of the authors of the biennial report on the status of rural education published by the Rural School and Community Trust in partnership with the College Board and AASA: The School Superintendents’ Organization. Why Rural Matters 2018-2019 The Time is Now examines the state of rural education in each of the 50 states in the United States. The authors describe the significance of the report and its implications for policy and practice.
Tap Dance as Medium for Composition: Notation and Technology

While there are sources for preserving and documenting movement, there are not many clear options for memorization and disseminating notation for tap dance. Two sources are more widely known: Labanotation and Kahnotation. The former attempts to use a diagram of the human body to express how it should move over time. The latter uses images sequentially to convey movement. Labanotation is typically used for more classical and modern genres like ballet and contemporary dance. Kahnotation was devised specifically for tap dance. While both are no more complex than music notation, they are vastly different and do not crossover into how a musician understands reading music. This paper aims to comprehensively analyze both notation systems by comparing and contrasting with modern music notation. Additionally, I propose a new form of notation for both tap dancers and musicians which is inspired by elements of rudiments for percussion. Ultimately, I apply three suggested methods for composing for tap dance in addition to creating a unique Max 4 Live device which allows tap dancers to actively interact with the computer (Ableton) and change tempo with effortless precision.
The Great Italian Masquerade.

Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are both granulomatous diseases centered on the lung but capable of myriad extrapulmonary manifestations. Because of substantial similarity in their presentations, thes...
Antidepressants Produce Persistent Gαs-Associated Signaling Changes in Lipid Rafts after Drug Withdrawal.

Termination of antidepressant therapy often has negative consequences. Although symptoms of antidepressant withdrawal are widely recognized, the molecular processes that underlie them are not well characterized. We show that certain aspects of Gαs signaling remain suppressed after antidepressant withdrawal, even after others have reverted to baseline. Antidepressant treatment causes translocation of Gαs protein from lipid rafts to nonraft membrane regions. This results in augmented Gαs signaling, including facilitated activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP accumulation. Using CC6 or SK-N-SH cells and a lipid raft–localized cAMP sensor, we show that Gαs signaling is reduced in lipid rafts, even while signaling is enhanced elsewhere in the cell. These signaling changes mirror the changes in Gαs localization observed after antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, we show that suppression of Gαs signaling in lipid rafts persists at least 24 hours after cessation of antidepressant treatment. Gαs localization was quantified after membrane isolation and sequential detergent extraction. We show that suppression of lipid raft Gαs signaling persists for an extended time period after antidepressant withdrawal, whereas increased nonraft membrane Gαs signaling reverts partially or fully upon cessation of antidepressant treatment. Translocation of Gαs out of lipid rafts is also persistent. These events may reflect cellular adaptations to antidepressant treatment that contribute to antidepressant discontinuation syndromes and may aid in the discovery of new treatments and strategies to mitigate the symptoms of depression and antidepressant withdrawal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work explores, for the first time, the effects of antidepressants on Gαs signaling after drug withdrawal. This provides novel insight into the cellular and molecular processes affected by antidepressant drugs and their persistence after discontinuation of treatment.
Loss of the GARP but not EARP protein complex drives Golgi sterol overload during dendrite remodeling

Abstract Membrane trafficking is essential for sculpting neuronal morphology. The GARP and EARP complexes are conserved tethers that regulate vesicle trafficking in the secretory and endolysosomal pathways, respectively. Both complexes contain the Vps51, Vps52, and Vps53 proteins, and a complex-specific protein: Vps54 in GARP and Vps50 in EARP. In Drosophila, we find that both complexes are required for dendrite morphogenesis during developmental remodeling of multidendritic class IV da (c4da) neurons. Having found that sterol accumulates at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in Vps54KO/KO neurons, we investigated genes that regulate sterols and related lipids at the TGN. Overexpression of oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) or knockdown of the PI4K four wheel drive (fwd) exacerbates the Vps54KO/KO phenotype, whereas eliminating one allele of Osbp rescues it, suggesting that excess sterol accumulation at the TGN is, in part, responsible for inhibiting dendrite regrowth. These findings distinguish the GARP and EARP complexes in neurodevelopment and implicate vesicle trafficking and lipid transfer pathways in dendrite morphogenesis.
Highlights on the mechanical pre-refining step in the production of wood cellulose nanofibrils

This work investigates the effects of PFI mill refining and especially, its contribution to the defibrillation of cellulose fibers, as the mechanical pretreatment step in the production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Hardwood and softwood kraft pulps were refined at varying PFI mill revolutions and further processed using an ultrafine-friction grinder at predefined low specific energy conditions to produce aqueous CNF suspensions. The degree of fibrillation of the CNFs was assessed by studying the properties of the suspensions and anisotropic foams prepared by ice templating. The differences in aspect ratios of the hardwood and softwood CNFs refined at different PFI mill revolutions resulted in anisotropic foams of distinct porous structures and mechanical performance. The lower the CNF aspect ratio, the weaker the anisotropic foams. Softwood CNF foams demonstrated higher mechanical performance than hardwood foams, mainly due to the inherent differences in structure and morphology between these two fiber types. The presence of hemicelluloses in the CNF suspensions, however, also explained the observed differences in compressive behavior, by their action on the fibril-fibril interactions in the foam cell walls. This study thus sheds light on the role of PFI mill refining as a mechanical pretreatment for CNF production. Low PFI mill revolutions were preferred for optimal fibrillation of both hardwood and softwood fibers prior to the high-shear mechanical treatment. Conversely, a too intense pre-refining resulted in CNF materials with poor performance, due to a sharp decrease in the fiber aspect ratio that inhibited the formation of a percolating network and fibril-fibril interactions.
Psychopharmacologic Services for Homeless Veterans: Comparing Psychotropic Prescription Fills Among Homeless and Non-Homeless Veterans with Serious Mental Illness.

Using national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data, this study evaluated differences in psychotropic medication use between homeless and non-homeless adults with serious mental illness (SMI) who used VHA services in 2010. The adjusted mean number of psychotropic prescription fills associated with homeless individuals were identified using regression models adjusted for socio-demographics, diagnoses, and use of health services. Of the 876,989 individuals with SMI using VHA services, 7.2 % were homeless at some time during 2010. In bivariate analysis, homeless individuals filled more psychotropic medication prescriptions compared with non-homeless individuals. However, after adjusting for potentially confounding variables, homeless individuals were found to have filled 16.2 % fewer prescriptions than non-homeless individuals when all psychotropics were analyzed together (F = 6947.1, p < .001) and for most individual classes of psychotropics. Greater use of residential/inpatient mental health services by the homeless was the most important single factor associated with filling more psychotropic prescriptions than non-homeless individuals.
Starvation ketosis after rehydration with diet soda.

Pediatricians often tell parents to give their children clear liquids for hydration during acute gastroenteritis. Since the release of aspartame (Nutrasweet) in 1981, the composition of some clear liquids for hydration of children has changed. Although 12 ounces of sucrose-sweetened carbonated beverage contains about 100 calories, the same volume of aspartame-sweetened beverage contains about one calorie. Therefore, using aspartame-sweetened beverage to support hydration in children with diarrhea theoretically increases the potential for a starvation state to develop. A case of oral rehydration associated with starvation ketosis is described. CASE HISTORY In the 3 weeks preceding admission, a 5-year-old boy had been treated with oral cephalexin (Keflex) for a knee infection (septic arthritis vs cellulitis).
Vitamin B6 deficiency and the lymphoid system. II. Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency in utero on the immunological competence of the offspring.

Abstract Results of this study indicated that an absence of vitamin B6 from the diet of pregnant rats led to reduced immunological competence in the offspring. While the numbers of cells in the thoracic duct lymph (TDL) of rats approximately 3 months old and progeny of vitamin B6-deficient mothers were nearly equivalent to control values, such cells had a reduced capacity to respond in the mixed lymphocyte and normal lymphocyte transfer reactions. It is suggested that this reduction may have reflected (i) an alteration in the capacity of TDL cells or their precursors to give rise to immunologically competent cells, (ii) a shift in the proportions of T and B cells in the TDL, and/or (iii) an absence or ineffectiveness of a humoral factor required for the development of immunologically competent lymphocytes.
Continued Investigation of Small-Scale Air-Sea Coupled Dynamics using CBLAST Data

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to obtain a more thorough understanding of the dynamics of coupled boundary layers air-sea transfer (CBLAST) at relatively small spatial scales, by performing direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) together with large-wave simulation (LWS) for both air and ocean turbulent flows with surface waves. The primary focus and an ultimate goal is to obtain the physical foundation for the characterization and parameterization of the momentum, mass and heat transfer within the atmosphere-ocean wave boundary layer (WBL).
Interaction of an air-cushioned vehicle with an elastic guideway.

TWO BASIC TYPES OF GUIDEWAYS (SIMPLY SUPPORTED STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES RESTING ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS) ARE CON- SIDERED IN THIS ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR AN AIR-CUSHIONED VEHICLE SUPPORTED BY AN ELASTIC GUIDEWAY. THE RESPONSE OF THE VEHICLE WAS STUDIED IN RELATION TO PASSENGER CONFORT CRITERIA. EQUATIONS ARE PRESENTED AND THEIR DERIVATIONS ARE EXPLAINED. THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IS DISCUSSED. A PARAMETIC STUDY IS DESCRIBED IN WHICH CERTAIN PARAMETERS (PHYSICAL PARAMETERS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE HIGH-SPEED AIR-CUSHIONED RESEARCH VEHICLE BEING TESTED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION) WERE HELD CONSTANT WHILE OTHERS WERE VARIED. GRAPHS ARE PRESENTED WHICH ILLUSTRATE SOME OF THE OBSERVATIONS.
Influence of bone marrow composition on measurements of trabecular microstructure using decay due to diffusion in the internal field MRI: Simulations and clinical studies

Purpose Decay due to diffusion in the internal field (DDIF) MRI allows for measurements of microstructures of porous materials at low spatial resolution and thus has potential for trabecular bone quality measurements. In trabecular bone, solid bone changes (osteoporosis) as well as changes in bone marrow composition occur. The influence of such changes on DDIF MRI was studied by simulations and in vivo measurements. Methods Monte Carlo simulations of DDIF in various trabecular bone models were conducted. Changes in solid bone and marrow composition were simulated with numerical bone erosion and marrow susceptibility variations. Additionally, in vivo measurements were performed in the lumbar spine of healthy volunteers aged 23–62 years. Results Simulations and in vivo results showed that 1) DDIF decay times decrease with increasing marrow fat and 2) the marrow fat percentage needs to be incorporated in the DDIF analysis to discriminate between healthy and osteoporotic solid bone structures. Conclusions Bone marrow composition plays an important role in DDIF MRI: incorporation of marrow fat percentage into DDIF MRI allowed for differentiation of young and old age groups (in vivo experiments). DDIF MRI may develop into a means of assessing osteoporosis and disorders that affect marrow composition. Magn Reson Med 72:1499–1508, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High power window tests on a 500 MHz planar waveguide window for the CESR upgrade

We describe the low power and high power performance of planar waveguide windows designed and fabricated by Thomson Tubes and tested at LNS. These windows are intended for use in the phase III upgrade of CESR.