cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graduated Application of Constitutional Protections for Aliens: Zadvydas and Beyond

In Zadvydas v. Davis, decided in June 2001, a narrow majority of the Supreme Court held that deportable aliens who had spent several years in this country may not be detained indefinitely if their country of nationality refuses their return, even if they have serious criminal records. The ruling technically rests on statutory construction but was heavily influenced, under the doctrine of constitutional doubt, by the Court's lengthy discussion of due process rights in this setting. At the same time, the Court basically reaffirmed the 1953 Mezei decision, which allowed indefinite detention of an excludable alien refused admission at the border. This paper explores several possible explanations for the Court's due process doctrine, and then draws on that exploration to suggest that graduated application of constitutional protection to aliens makes sense, but not according to the simple two-level model that much of the Zadvydas discussion seems to support. It identifies six different and sharply differentiated categories along the citizen/alien spectrum that are deeply rooted in American law and practice: citizen, lawful permanent resident alien, admitted nonimmigrant (admitted for a temporary stay), entrant without inspection, parolee, and applicant for admission at the border. Constitutional protection is logically graduated according to this hierarchy, and the division between lawful permanent residents and other aliens should be accorded greater significance than it has generally received. Also, those on the lowest levels should not necessarily be considered to have no constitutional protection. The article then applies the analysis to several specific constitutional questions: a closer look at indefinite detention of deportable and excludable aliens, whether some lawfully resident aliens should be considered immune to deportation, and under what circumstances the use of secret evidence should be judged constitutional in immigration cases.
A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Type 1 Interferon for Reduction of Relapse after HCT in High Risk AML

Introduction Relapse remains a significant challenge towards improving survival after allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (HCT) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) not in remission or possessing poor cytogenetic/molecular features. Insights from murine pre-clinical studies demonstrate a central role for CD8+ dendritic cells in cross-presentation of leukemia associated antigens (LAA) in mediating GVL without aggravating acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD)(Toubai, Blood 2013). We posited that enhancing LAA cross-presentation with exogenous Type I Interferon (pegIFNα) would promote GVL response and reduce rates of relapse after HCT. Methods We initiated a prospective, phase I/II, clinical trial of pegIFNα administration after myeloablative conditioning for prevention of relapse in pts with detectable AML at time of HCT (resistant to induction) or with cytogenetic/molecular features conferring high relapse risk and poor survival. Pts received up to four doses of 90mcg or 180mcg pegIFNα SubQ on d -1 and d 14, 28, 42 after PBSC or BMT. aGVHD prophy was tacrolimus + MTX or MMF. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of relapse in pts receiving the phase II dosage of pegIFNα. We hypothesized that 30 pts assigned to the same dose would provide 80% power to detect a difference between a promising day 180 relapse rate of 40% versus a rate of 60%. Results A total of 30 pts received study treatment at a median age of 60 years (17-72). Conditioning was myeloablative FluBu (n=9), CloBu (n=20) or FluCyTBI (n=1). At time of HCT, AML was detected in 28 pts and 2 pts enrolled for poor cytogenetic/molecular risk, complex/monosomal karyotype (n=1) and FLT3-ITD+ (n=1). There was no DLT at 90mcg (n=3) and one DLT (graft failure) after escalation to 180mcg (n=27). pegIFNα was well tolerated with ≥3 doses administered to 87% of pts. ≥Grade 3 SAEs during treatment include acute kidney injury(n=1), engraftment failure(n=1), bone pain/weakness(n=1), hypotension(n=1) and hypoxemia (n=1). 29 pts (97%) experienced primary engraftment and bone marrow exam at d 30 revealed CR in 100% of pts. Thirteen pts (43%) experienced infection. Grade II-IV aGVHD and grade III-IV aGVHD occurred in 35% (20 – 56%) and 11% (4 – 30%) by day 180. The incidence of TRM was 11% (3-30%) at day 180 and 19% (8-41%) at 1-yr. The day 180 (and 1-yr) incidence of relapse was 39% (24 – 60%) in the overall cohort and 36% (20 – 58%) in 27 pts treated at the phase II dose. At a median follow up of 19 months, the 1-yr OS was 42% (27 – 65%). Conclusion These data provide initial evidence of clinical translation for pegIFNα when administered prophylactically in an AML cohort at high risk for relapse. Type I Interferon did not significantly alter toxicity or aGVHD risk and produced relatively low rates of relapse suggesting a robust GVL response. The role of type 1 IFN in reducing clinical relapse and its underlying biological mechanisms warrants additional study.
Habitat structure influences the seasonality of nekton in seagrass

The presence of a seasonally variable biogenic habitat (eelgrass, Zostera marina) increased the spring–summer variability of associated nekton relative to unvegetated bare tidal flat. This spatio-temporal pattern emerged because most eelgrass-associated taxa tracked the decline in eelgrass biomass from summer to spring, but in one case reached greater density in spring when predation intensity was low. Among 21 taxa (26,884 individuals) captured, a strong correlation arose between structure association and summer dominance, and certain functional traits, in particular morphology and on- vs. off-bottom position, were strong predictors of eelgrass association. Structure-associated taxa were slender-bodied and pelagic schooling fishes, while habitat generalists or bare-associated taxa were more consistent seasonally, primarily benthic, and cryptically colored with sand. Estuarine use (transient, reproducing, or estuarine resident) was not a strong predictor of structure association or seasonality. Because an identical sampling design was used in five regions of Washington State, USA, coarse-scale (> 100 km) differentiation in nekton assemblages was identified, representing less of the total variation than across seasons but more than across different habitats. While regional nekton differences were attributable in part to geographic distance and eelgrass morphotypes, the most seasonally variable nekton were at sites with morphotypes adding the least vertical structure but highest density. These results support two mechanisms that increase seasonal variability of taxa using structured habitats, including both bottom-up provision of habitat and resources, and subsequent possibilities for negative interspecific interactions and top-down control.
Cross-transferability analysis of SSR markers developed from the American Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) to other Vaccinium species of agricultural importance

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) breeding is evolving as consumer demand increases for specialty products such as sweetened and dried cranberries. New varieties are needed with not only higher yield and better adaptations to biotic (e.g., fungal fruit rot) and abiotic (e.g., cold tolerance) stressors, but also with increased fruit quality for processing and human nutrition. Cranberry is one of the few species in the genus Vaccinium that is utilized as a crop. However, the genus is composed of many understudied and underused species, such as wild blueberries and cranberries, lingonberries, and deerberries. Many of these species are cross-compatible and possess an array of traits of high agronomical value that may be commercially exploited through intrasectional or intersectional interspecific breeding. In order to provide a toolset for Vaccinium breeders, we tested the cross-transferability of 507 V. macrocarpon simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on 17 different Vaccinium species. We found 61 SSR markers that consistently amplified and produced scorable bands across all 17 species tested. The ability of the markers to discriminate species based on their genetic relationships was tested for future use in phylogenetics. We genetically discriminated the different species and sections of the genus, providing an insightful look into the genetic relationship of species in this genus. These markers represent a working set of SSRs to use for the development of Vaccinium interspecific hybrids and to allow the development of population genetic studies of poorly understood species.
Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork.

In this work, we describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of purely mechanical miniature resonating structures that exhibit gyroscopic performance comparable to that of more complex microelectromechanical systems. Compared to previous implementations of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes, the present approach has the key advantage of using excitation and probing that do not require any on-chip electronics or electrical contacts near the resonating structure. More specifically, our design relies on differential optical readout, each channel of which is similar to the “optical lever” readout used in atomic force microscopy. The piezoelectrically actuated stage provides highly efficient excitation of millimeter-scale tuning fork structures that were fabricated using widely available high-throughput wafer-level silicon processing. In our experiments, reproducible responses to rotational rates as low as 1.8 × 103° h−1 were demonstrated using a benchtop prototype without any additional processing of the raw signal. The noise-equivalent rate, ΩNER, derived from the Allan deviation plot, was found to be <0.5° h−1 for a time of 103 s. Despite the relatively low Q factors (<104) of the tuning fork structures operating under ambient pressure and temperature conditions, the measured performance was not limited by thermomechanical noise. In fact, the performance demonstrated in this proof-of-principle study is approximately four orders of magnitude away from the fundamental limit. A Coriolis force vibratory gyroscope that relies entirely on mechanics demonstrates reduced noise. Micro-scale gyroscopes are used in a wide range of devices, and typically rely on mechanical and electrical principles to operate. However, the electrical component of their operation can interfere with the device, causing noise. Now, N.V. Lavrik from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and P.G. Datskos from National Renewable Energy Laboratory demonstrate an all-mechanical device with reduced noise, without the need for signal processing. Key to their design is the use of an optical readout, and a design that takes inspiration from how insects navigate. They achieve a reproducible response to rotational rates as low as 1.8 × 103° h−1, and a noise equivalent rate of 0.6° h−1 for a time of 103 s.
Rats genetically selected for low and high aerobic capacity exhibit altered soleus muscle myofilament functions.

Aerobic exercise capacity is critical to bodily health. As a model to investigate the mechanisms that determine health and disease, we employed low (LCR) and high (HCR) capacity running rat models ...
Higher incidence of manipulation under anesthesia following TKA associated with the periarticular infiltration of a liposomal bupivacaine cocktail compared to a modified Ranawat cocktail.

Background:The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of postoperative stiffness requiring manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) before and after switching from the intraoperative use of ...
The Agreement Between an iPad Visual Field App and Humphrey Frequency Doubling Technology in Visual Field Screening at Health Fairs.

Precis This is the first exploratory study demonstrating the promising potential of app-based visual fields testing in a low-resource health fair setting for community screening of high-risk Latino adults. Purpose To compare the "Visual Fields Easy" (VFE) iPad application against the Humphrey Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) N-30-5 in detecting abnormal visual fields in a low-resource health fair setting. Methods Latinos aged 40 to 80 years were recruited at a health fair in Los Angeles, California, in November 2017. Both eyes were tested using VFE and FDT. To account for possible nested correlations between participants and eyes, linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the difference in test time and the association in percent of missed points. A Bland-Altman plot and receiver operator characteristic curve were constructed for further comparisons. Results Forty-five participants with a mean age of 58.5 years (SD=9.5 y) were recruited and both eyes were tested (90 eyes). VFE testing took on average 141 seconds longer per eye than FDT (95% confidence interval: 137-145 s), and FDT resulted in having 7.50% more missed points than VFE (95% confidence interval: 2.56%-12.43%, P=0.002). The Bland-Altman plot depicted reduced agreement with increasing average of percent of points missed. The sensitivity and specificity of VFE were 67% and 77%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.71. Conclusions In this exploratory study, VFE exhibited moderate discrimination for identifying Latino adults with abnormal visual fields compared with FDT. Agreement between FDT and VFE was greater for patients with mild-to-moderate visual field loss. Further software enhancements of app-based fields testing, in concert with other portable testing, represents promising screening methods for high-risk groups in resource-limited environments.
Can hedge funds time global equity markets? Evidence from emerging markets

This paper examines the ability of global hedge funds to time a particularly volatile asset class — emerging market equities. In particular, we study whether or not these funds can either time emerging markets as a whole, or time their exposures to different regions. Using both pooled and calendar-time approaches, we generally find no evidence of overall timing ability. However, we do find some evidence of period-specific timing ability during the financial crisis and subsequent recovery.
High Hopes: How High Schools Respond to State Accountability Policies

This report by the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE) focuses squarely on strategies for instructional improvement in American high schools. Specifically, this study examines how high schools that perform below average incorporate their state’s accountability goals into their own goals, identify their challenges, and search for strategies for instructional improvement. We focus on how high schools of differing performance levels and contexts, residing in states with different forms of high-stakes accountability and support systems, identify, understand, and respond to the gap between their current levels of performance and external expectations for their performance.
Leucine Aminotransferase III. ACTIVATION BY β-MERCAPTOETHANOL

Abstract Highly purified leucine transaminase from pig heart was observed to undergo activation in the presence of several thiol compounds. β-Mercaptoethanol was the most effective thiol compound tested. It yielded a 3- to 4-fold increase in activity when added either directly to the standard assay system or first incubated with excess enzyme alone and diluted out just prior to assay. Leucine transaminase was inhibited markedly by low concentrations of heavy metal ions and mercaptide-forming reagents. One of our most active preparations contained eight p-chloromercuribenzoate titratable sulfhydryl groups per 75,000 g of protein; however, about 90% of the residual activity (i.e. minus β-mercaptoethanol) was lost when only four had reacted with p-chloromercuribenzoate. β-Mercaptoethanol partially reversed inhibition by excess p-chloromercuribenzoate, restoring 75% of the initial activity. Enzyme centrifuged at an initial protein concentration of 7 to 8 mg per ml gave an s20,w value near 5.0 when examined either directly in phosphate buffer or first activated and then centrifuged in phosphate-0.1 m β-mercaptoethanol. If, however, the enzyme was first activated and the β-mercaptoethanol was removed by dialysis, heavier material with an s20,w of 6.8 appeared in the schlieren pattern along with the original peak. Aggregation was correlated with a loss of the increased activity generated by prior treatment with β-mercaptoethanol.
Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Particle Transport Problems

Particle transport problems arise in such diverse application areas as the modeling of nuclear reactors and of semiconductor devices, and in the remote sensing of underground geologic features. Conventional Monte Carlo methods solve such problems by using pseudorandom numbers to make decisions at the microscopic level in order to draw conclusions about the macroscopic behavior of the system. Application of quasirandom (low discrepancy) sequences to such problems encounters certain difficulties that must be overcome if predictable gains over the use of pseudorandom Monte Carlo are to be realized. This paper outlines several ideas for achieving this and presents the results of “model” problem analyses and numerical tests of these ideas.
Aspects of coiled tube heat transfer

Enhancement of heat transfer performance, beyond that normally achieved in curved tube flows, is demonstrated for pulsatile flows and for developing flows. In the former, increases of greater than 20% are obtained and in the latter, a maximum increase of 60% is obtained.
Redefining Hedge Fund Alpha and Risk Exposures after the Financial Crisis

The hedge funds industry has evolved tremendously in recent years. According to the CASAM CISDM Industry Report, assets under management in hedge funds had grown from less than USD 50 billion at the end of 1990 to over USD 2.1 trillion at the end of 2007. However, assets managed by hedge funds have dropped significantly since then to less than USD 1.3 trillion at the end of June 2009. Since hedge funds have been marketed to investors as risk diversifiers in addition to being return enhancers, the actual “manager skill” or “value added” or “alpha” deserves careful examination at this time. In this article we examine the validity of the concept of “alpha”. We use both single factor (Jensen’s alpha) and multi-factor models to estimate alpha. We use three different indices with vastly differing construction processes and compositions. Unlike most previous studies, we choose specific factors for each strategy. Our results show that strategy specific factors had greater explanatory power but were insufficient to explain the wide variety of fund exposures. Multi-factor models were an improvement but nevertheless insufficient. We conclude that quantitative analysis is generally insufficient when it comes to measuring manager skill (alpha). Manager skill or “alpha” should be determined in a qualitative setting as well. Unfortunately, there is no measure that encompasses both quantitative and qualitative attributes although hedge fund ratings agencies have made some headway in this regard.
Three brief studies: slovene and albanian

Bernard Comrie, in his contribution on the Slavic languages to the volume edit­ ed by J. Gvozdanovic (p. 766), reports a fact of particular historical interest. In pre­ senting the forms and behavior of the 'teens amongst the numerals' Comrie states that two accentual patterns apply, an oxytone and a recessive, i.e. -n a jst and UNIT­ najst. However, he points out that exceptionally in the case of '1l' only en a jst the oxy­ tone occurs.
Application-Private Networks

Application-Private Networks extend the range of dynamics for protocol architectures by dynamically selecting protocol elements to meet application requirements in the face of dynamic conditions. Such a network architecture is not only desirable, it is technically achievable within the next decade. A broad range of new network uses would thereby be enabled.
Mitakuye Oyasin as a foundation for the well-being of animal life: reason, nature, and oppression in Horkheimer, MacIntyre, and Midgley

Neste artigo lanco tres tradicoes umas contra as outras para levantar algumas questoes de pesquisa futura sobre a natureza da razao e a razao da natureza. Max Horkheimer e Theodor Adorno, da Escola de Frankfurt, sustentavam que a razao tende a dominar a natureza e que a dominacao e parte da essencia da razao. Dirijo-me, entao, para examinar Aristoteles e aristotelicos contemporâneos, mais precisamente Mary Midgley e Alasdair MacIntyre, para mostar um recurso possivel na tradicao da filosofia ocidental na qual a razao emerge da natureza. Usando modernos estudos de animais, Midgley e MacIntyre ampliam a visao aristotelica sobre a natureza da razao como parte de nossa natureza animal. Por fim, discuto os Lakotas, Primeina Nacao dos povos da America do Norte, que tem uma visao da razao que e o espelho oposto daquela encontrada na modernidade. Essa comparacao sugere que dominar a natureza nao e essencial a razao. Abstract : I play three traditions against each other in this paper to raise some questions for future research about the nature of reason and the reason of nature. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno of the Frankfurt School contend that reason tends to dominate nature and that domination is part of the essence of reason. I then turn to examine Aristotle and contemporary Aristotelians, namely Mary Midgley and Alasdair MacIntyre, to show a possible resource within the tradition of western philosophy in which reason arises out of nature. Using modern animal studies, Midgley and MacIntyre extend the Aristotelian insight into the nature of reason as part of our animal nature. Finally, I discuss the Lakota, a First Nation people of North America, who have a view of reason which is the mirror opposite of that found in modernity. This comparison suggests that dominating nature is not essential to reason. Keywords : Reason, Nature, Oppression, Horkheimer, MacIntyre, Midgley.
Platelet-associated bleeding disorders.

Objective: To provide a review of platelet disorders, treatment, and nursing care. Data sources: Review articles and book chapters pertaining to quantitative and qualitative platelet disorders. Conclusions: Platelet-associated bleeding disorders are classified as quantitative (abnormal number), qualitative (abnormal function), or hypercoagulable states (errors in hemostasis). The resulting complications include thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulation, or bleeding dyscrasias. The administration of drugs, plasma, or platelet therapy may be beneficial to these patients. Implications for nursing practice: Patients with platelet disorders are at great risk of life-threatening hemorrhage and require close monitoring to prevent unnecessary sequelae. Patient instruction to prevent trauma is required.
The Mackworth Clock Test: A Computerized Version

The Mackworth Clock Test (MCT; N. H. Mackworth, 1948) was developed to evaluate vigilance in British Air Force radar technicians during World War II. Homemade versions of the MCT have since varied with respect to both the characteristics of the device and the procedures of its administration. This article is a report on a computerized version of the MCT developed by the authors to closely emulate Mackworth's test. MCT data were collected from 25 undergraduate students; their performance was found to be equivalent to Mackworth's participants' data. This is the first MCT version that has been validated against the original.
Comparative Studies of Human Recombinant 74- and 54-kDa L-Histidine Decarboxylases

Abstract We have expressed and characterized human recombinant 74-kDa (rHDC74) and 54-kDa (rHDC54) L-histidine decarboxylases (HDCs) in Sf9 cells. By immunoblot analysis, rHDC74 and rHDC54 were shown to be localized predominantly in the particulate and soluble fractions, respectively. rHDC74 exhibited histamine-synthesizing activity equivalent to that of rHDC54. The existence of 74- and 54-kDa HDCs was also confirmed in the particulate and supernatant fractions of the cell lysate, respectively, from the human basophilic leukemia cell line KU-812-F. The ratio of HDC activity to immunoreactivity was similar for the two forms of the enzyme. The specific activity of purified rHDC54 (1.12 μmol/mg/min) was comparable to those of HDCs from other mammalian tissues or cells. The purified rHDC54 was eluted as a monomer form from a Superdex-200 column; the molecular mass of the enzyme was approximately 54 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without 2-mercaptoethanol. The HDC activity of rHDC54 significantly decreased on dialysis against buffer without pyridoxal 5′-phosphate; addition of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate to the dialysate readily increased in the enzyme activity to the original activity. Taken together, these results suggest that human HDC functions as both 74- and 54-kDa forms having equivalent HDC activity, which are localized in the particulate and soluble fractions, respectively, and that the latter form exhibits its activity as a monomer form.
Gravimetric determination of osmium with 1:2:3-benzotriazole

Abstract A method for the direct gravimetric determination of osmium with 1:2:3-benzotriazole in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer is presented. The method is accurate and reproducible, and the conditions used in the determination are not critical. The precipitate is a stoichiometric compound which is stable from room temperature up to 200°. It appears that 1:2:3-benzotriazole is probably the first organic reagent to be used successfully in the direct gravimetric determination of osmium.
Notes on approximation

Definition intrinseque des espqces de fonctions splines de Schoenberg et de Birkhoff. Inegalite du type de Bernstein pour les sommes d'exponentielles
A different approach to information management by exceptions (toward the prevention of another Enron)

We review the fall of Enron and other bankruptcies from the perspective of information management by exceptions (MBE) for insights into how to prevent another collapse. We entertain the idea that a group of special employees in an institution such as Enron can be analogously equated to a malignant tumor in human body, which can grow abnormally to bring the institution to collapse. Following this general analogy, we examine the biological spectrum for insights into a business framework for an MBE in the wrong doing detection. Such a model can be used to insure the institution's stability, growth and therefore profitability.
Gestational nicotine exposure exaggerates hyperthermic enhancement of laryngeal chemoreflex in rat pups

Abstract Laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) apnea occurs in infant mammals in response to water or other liquids in the laryngeal lumen and is suspected to contribute to some cases of the sudden infant death syndrome. We have previously found that the LCR is prolonged in neonatal piglets and rats that are warmed 1–3 °C above their normal body temperatures and that this prolongation is exaggerated in rat pups whose mothers have been exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. We have therefore examined the effects on the LCR of combined prenatal nicotine exposure and brief postnatal hyperthermia. Nicotine was infused in pregnant rats via implanted osmotic minipumps (6.5 mg/kg per day) from gestational day 3 (G3) until G21, the day of delivery. Control animals received saline infusions. On postnatal days 4–12, LCR apnea and respiratory disruption, elicited by intralaryngeal water, were measured with and without hyperthermia in anesthetized pups. The results indicate that prenatal exposure to nicotine significantly exaggerates the hyperthermic prolongation of the LCR.
Challenges of social cognitive network science: network science collaborative technology alliance perspective

This paper reviews challenges and summarize the progress accomplished by the Social Cognitive Networks Academic Research Center of the Network Science Collaborative Technology Alliance. The focus is on potential impact that this research may have on unique needs of military, foremost the US Army, to effectively and efficiently operate in the increasingly complex and interconnected networks of societies and their component communities. The review of the progress and current status of research of the center provide state-of-the-art view of the relevant areas of social cognitive network science.
Improving the Accuracy of Defect Diagnosis by Considering Fewer Tests

Experimental results indicate that the addition of diagnostic tests to a fault detection test set may sometimes result in a larger set of candidate faults. Experimental results also indicate that a defect diagnosis procedure does not require the complete observed response of a faulty chip in order to produce accurate diagnosis results. Motivated by these observations, this paper augments a defect diagnosis procedure with a process that removes from consideration tests whose effects on the results of diagnosis may be negative. The augmented procedure runs the underlying defect diagnosis procedure several times in order to decide which tests should be removed from consideration. Experimental results indicate that this results in smaller sets of candidate faults and improved accuracy of diagnosis.
ENDOGENOUS CORTICOSTEROIDS AND LUNG MATURATION IN THE FETAL RABBIT

Endogenous glucocorticoids are known to influence pulmonary development. We studied factors affecting the availability of cortisol (F) and corticosterone (B) to lung tissue of fetal rabbits during the last week of gestation. The adrenal content of F+B was 3.33 ± 0.7, 6.34 ± 1.2 and 8.74 ±0.5 ng/adrenal at 23, 27 and 30 d, respectively, with an F:B ratio of 0.5:1. Plasma F+B was maximal (2.32 ± 0.11 μg/dl) at 23 d, and decreased progressively to 0.72 ± 0.05 at 28-30 d; the F:B ratio was 3.7:1 between 21 and 28 d and 1.5:1 at 29-31 d. Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) capacity decreased from 36.0 μg F bound/dl at 23 d to 2.1 g/dl in the newborn, whereas maternal levels increased from 6.2 ± 0.6 to 40.8 ± 0.8 μg/dl. Fetal levels of albumin, a low affinity binder, increased from 1.13 to 2.29 g/dl. Plasma free F (by charcoal absorption) was 0.04 μg/dl at 23 d and 0.02 at 31 d. The dissociation constant (KD) of F and B for nuclear binding in cultured explants of lung was 7.3 ± 0.1 and 70.6 ± 9.2 nM, respectively, and binding was decreased in the presence of either albumin or serum. Receptor concentration assayed both in vitro and in culture increased 48% from 23-30 d. We conclude that F is the physiologically important corticosteroid in the fetal rabbit, but unlike other species, there is no developmental increase in the free circulating concentration. We suggest that factors other than adrenal production and serum binding determine whether there is an increase in F within the lung during development.
Adaptive trust negotiation and access control

Electronic transactions regularly occur between business partners in separate security domains. Trust negotiation is an approach that provides an open authentication and access-control environment for such transactions, but it is vulnerable to malicious attacks leading to denial of service or leakage of sensitive information. This paper introduces an Adaptive Trust Negotiation and Access Control (ATNAC) framework to solve these problems. The framework combines two existing systems, TrustBuilder and GAA-API, to create a system with more flexibility and responsiveness to attack than either system currently provides.
RECOGNITION OF 16 BASE PAIRS IN THE MINOR GROOVE OF DNA BY A PYRROLE-IMIDAZOLE POLYAMIDE DIMER

Cell-permeable small molecules that bind predetermined DNA sequences with affinities and specificities comparable to those of natural DNA-binding proteins have the potential to regulate the expression of specific genes. Recently, an eight-ring hairpin pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamide which binds six base pairs of DNA was shown to inhibit transcription of a specific gene in cell culture. Polyamides recognizing longer DNA sequences should provide more specific biological activity. To specify a single site within the 3 billion base pair human genome, ligands which specifically recognize 15-16 base pairs are necessary. For this reason, recognition of 16 base pairs represents a milestone in the development of chemical approaches to DNA recognition. We examine here the affinity and specificity of a Py-Im polyamide dimer which targets 16 contiguous base pairs in the minor groove of DNA.
Marketing of plantain in Owerri agricultural zone of Imo State, Nigeria

The study focused on the marketing of plantain in Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to determine the rural- urban price ratio (farmers share) of plantain marketing in the study area. Data were collected from 60 traders from four markets in Owerri area namely: Eke Ukwu Owerri, Owerri relief market, Orie Amokohia and Nkwo Ukwu Ihiagwa. The study revealed that women play a major role in the marketing of plantain than men with the major motive of supplementing their family income. The farmers' share of 0.40 was obtained and this suggests that the farmers are not getting a fair share of the urban consumer price for plantain marketing in the study area. Keywords : market, farmers share, plantain, income, consumers Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(2) 2004: 35-39
Unpacking the Social Origins of Terrorism: The Role of Women's Empowerment in Reducing Terrorism

The author's prior cross-national research found a negative relationship between the percent of the workforce that is female and terrorism. One explanation of this finding suggests that women are violence-averse and work to mitigate acts of political violence. Alternatively, women in the workforce may simply proxy for an economy with robust employment with fewer grievances or proxy for modernizing forces (e.g., democracy, secularism) that moderate traditionalism. The author examines the relationship between women in the workforce and terrorism and finds that while modernization factors are important, terrorism is nonetheless explained by the unique nonviolent influences of women in public society.
The effects of optical vergence, contrast, and luminance on the accommodative response to spatially bandpass filtered targets

The steady-state monocular accommodative response was measured using a new type of stimulus, a spatially bandpass filtered luminance distribution known as a difference of Gaussian or DOG. The independent variables were: spatial frequency, optical vergence, contrast, and mean luminance. High-contrast DOGs of varying peak spatial frequencies were presented monocularly over a range of target optical vergences. In addition, DOGs were presented at a fixed dioptric vergence (1) over a range of contrasts with a constant mean luminance, and (2) over a range of mean luminances with a constant contrast. The magnitude of the accommodative error was found to depend on the total stimulus condition, i.e. the particular level of each independent variable. Changes in retinal-image contrast from the background (zero-defocus) level, which were brought about by the errors of accommodation under the various stimulus conditions, were mathematically determined and were used to calculate the "accommodative (contrast discrimination) Weber fractions". Comparisons between accommodative and psychophysical contrast discrimination data revealed that there are limits to the degree of shared processing of contrast discrimination information between accommodation and visual perception.
Replication of herpesvirus DNA IV: Analysis of concaterners

At late stages of the infective process, pseudorabies virus DNA replicates in the form of large, tangled masses. These tangles have been analyzed by cleavage with restriction endonucleases. The results of these experiments show that the tangled masses contain concatemeric forms of linear arrays of unit size molecules in head-to-tail alignment.
Integrating thermocouple sensors into 3D ICs

In this paper, we present a novel architecture for embedding bi-metallic thermocouple based temperature sensors into 3D IC stacks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work addressing this specific integration problem. Our architecture uses dedicated vias to thermally couple sensors in the metal layer with the hotspots to be monitored in the active layer throughout the multi-stack structures. We propose a low cost solution by leveraging a fraction of existing thermal TSVs for this purpose. Through thermal modeling and simulation using a state-of-the-art tool (FloTHERM), we demonstrate that we can achieve high accuracy (less than 1°C error) in temperature tracking while still maintaining the effectiveness of the thermal TSVs in heat management (conforming to a fixed peak temperature threshold of 95°C).
CAD representation of the systems ZrO2-MgO-TiO2 and ZrO2-MgO-YO1.5

Abstract Phase relationships in the ZrO2-MgO-TiO2 and ZrO2-MgO-YO1.5 systems are displayed in three dimensions using high resolution color graphics on a CAD system. Study in three dimensions allows inconsistencies in the diagrams to be resolved and aids in understanding the diagrams.
Ceo change and firm performance in large corporations: Succession effects and manager effects

This paper argues that the succession/performance relationship is a function of two distinct, complementary concepts: manager effects and succession effects. Hypotheses are tested using a cross-sectional/longitudinal research design, with a sample of 209 large corporations. The results suggest that announcements of CEO changes are typically associated with a reduction in the value of the firm, as reflected in the perceptions of the stock market, and that CEO successors tend to significantly influence the production and investment decisions of their firms. These results hold for both insider and outsider succession.
Using an environment chain model to teach inheritance in C

Inheritance is a central topic in most introductory object-oriented programming courses and frequently the most challenging for students to comprehend. The difficulties students experience often center around the rather complicated and obscure dynamic method invocation algorithms used in languages like C++ and Java. We present a visual model for teaching inheritance that captures the essential aspects of these algorithms yet is easy for students to comprehend and apply.
Binding and transport of aluminum by serum proteins

Abstract There is a broad consensus that most of the aluminum in serum is bound to protein. A series of ultrafiltration studies indicate that about 85–90% of the aluminum in normal serum is protein bound. This percentage drops to about 80% in uremic serum. It appears that most, if not all, of this aluminum is bound to the iron transport protein transferrin, which has an aluminum binding constant of about 1013. The Al-transferrin complex binds to the transferrin receptor, and receptor-mediated cellular uptake appears to be an important factor in the uptake of aluminum by other tissues, including brain. There have been reports that aluminum is also bound in serum to albumin. While there is evidence for weak binding of aluminum to purified albumin, there is still no convincing evidence that albumin binds a significant amount of aluminum in serum. Administration of the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) results in a sharp increase in ultrafilterable aluminum in serum. This is usually attributed to the formation of the very stable Al-DFO complex. However, some research groups have proposed that the administration of desferrioxamine results in the complexation of aluminum by either an 18 kDa protein named albindin, or by an even smaller 8 kDa protein.
Infant shoulder sonography: technique, anatomy, and pathology.

Background: In the infant, shoulder injury due to birth trauma and infection in joint and bone may be difficult to detect radiographically. Shoulder ultrasound provides a dynamic, noninvasive method of evaluation.
27.3: Fully Addressable, Self‐Assembled Microcavity Plasma Arrays: Improved Luminous Efficacy by Controlling Device Geometry

Addressable, self-assembled Al electrodes enclosed by Al2O3 have been fabricated by wet chemical processes. Square 4″ × 4″ panels comprising two electrodes having microcavities with a diameter of 50–150 μm are formed by precisely controlled electrochemical processes suitable for low cost manufacturing. This presentation reports the feasibility of high resolution plasma displays and improved luminous efficacy in xenon by optimization of the device geometry and microcavity shape.
Metallography—How it started and where it's going

Metallography has always been a complex subject, one that has involved different combinations of man's knowledge at different times. I t has been interactive, more concerned with bringing together parts of science and practical experience than it has been with pushing the fundamental frontiers of any one part of science. I t has an ecological quality and has involved synthesis quite as much as analysis. The late nineteenth century discoveries of the range of diverse microstructures in metallic materials under different conditions underlay the twentieth century development of a deeper physics of metals. In my more optimistic moments, I think that modern metallographers concerned with the interplay between many levels of inorganic structure may interact with biologists, who are now returning to the study of whole organisms after the recent superb disclosure of the molecular basis of it all, to suggest and develop new structural principles of the very broadest application. No present science does this. Science up to the present has been mainly analytical, and it has been most effective when it has studied rigidly defined interactions on a single level. I t has been superbly effective, but its success has been so great tha t the nature of its limitations are at last becoming visible. The world is complex and analysis inevitably omits some valid aspects of it. The nature of science may be changing. The communication of ideas via a scientific paper should be as logically exact as possible, but every
Molecular basis of neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental defects in Menkes disease

ATP7A mutations impair copper metabolism resulting in three distinct genetic disorders in humans. These diseases are characterized by neurological phenotypes ranging from intellectual disability to neurodegeneration. Severe ATP7A loss-of-function alleles trigger Menkes disease, a copper deficiency condition where systemic and neurodegenerative phenotypes dominate clinical outcomes. The pathogenesis of these manifestations has been attributed to the hypoactivity of a limited number of copper-dependent enzymes, a hypothesis that we refer as the oligoenzymatic pathogenic hypothesis. This hypothesis, which has dominated the field for 25 years, only explains some systemic Menkes phenotypes. However, we argue that this hypothesis does not fully account for the Menkes neurodegeneration or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Here, we propose revisions of the oligoenzymatic hypothesis that could illuminate the pathogenesis of Menkes neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental defects through unsuspected overlap with other neurological conditions including Parkinson's, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia.
Further studies on the long-term depletion of striatal dopamine in iprindole-treated rats by amphetamine.

(+) Amphetamine was more potent than (−) amphetamine in causing persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in iprindole-treated rats. This effect of amphetamine was not mimicked by EXP561, a structurally related compound that is more potent than amphetamine as an inhibitor of dopamine uptake. The depletion of striatal dopamine at 1 week after amphetamine injection in iprindole-treated rats was prevented by amfonelic acid, an inhibitor of uptake into dopamine neurons. The depletion of dopamine by amphetamine was prevented when amfonelic acid was given at the same time as amphetamine or as long as 4 hr after amphetamine but not when amfonelic acid was given 24–48 hr after amphetamine. Amfonelic acid antagonized the depletion of dopamine by amphetamine but not the depletion of serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine; fluoxetine antagonized the depletion of serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine but not the depletion of dopamine by amphetamine. Pretreatment with α-methyltyrosine to block dopamine synthesis antagonized the persistent depletion of dopamine by amphetamine, but pretreatment with an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase to increase the dopamine concentration had no effect. The possibility that prolonged release of dopamine from intraneuronal storage granules leads to deleterious effects on dopamine neurons is discussed.
Two models for retrieval system design

The dispute concerning the appropriateness of Boolean Algebra as a model for retrieval system design is examined and attention brought to bear upon a set of residual problems affecting the choice of formalism. It is argued that this set of problems insinuates irrelevant considerations into the critical discussion and leads to unnecessary delay in rejecting the Boolean model in favor of more realistic theories. In support of this contention, an argument is examined which purports to distinguish between two interpretations of Boolean Algebra in such a way as to elevate one of them (the class calculus) to the status of a genuine model, while denying the same status to the other (the propositional calculus). This argument is criticized as being unsound and irrelevant. It is held that the elimination of such artificial controversies is a useful prolegemenon for the construction of better theories.
Reciprocal Activation of Two Evoked Potential Components in the Olfactory Bulb

In field potentials in the olfactory bulb, evoked by lateral olfactory tract (LOT) stimulation, a component (EPL facil.) was found in the external plexiform layer, which showed facilitation with double pulse stimulation during a period where all other components are inhibited. With increasing stimulus intensities and with increasing depth of nembutal anesthesia the facilitation of component EPL facil. was delayed while the inhibition of component 1 measuring mitral cell activity, and components 2 EPL and 2 GRL, measuring granular cell activity was prolonged. The peak of facilitation in component EPL facil. occurred between 20–80 msec delay time. Following its maximum the facilitation of component EPL facil. declined in parallel with the inhibition of component 2 EPL. With increasing frequencies of repetitive stimulation component EPL facil. became facilitated as soon as components 2 EPL ansd 2 GRL became alternatingly suppressed. The maximal response of component EPL facil. occurred between 15–40 cps. At higher frequencies the responses of component EPL facil. declined to its non facilitated magnitude. In alternating responses the magnitude of component EPL facil. showed an inverse relation to that of component 2 EPL. A model is proposed in which component EPL facil. is due to a depolarization of tufted cells, which are inhibited in single responses and become disinhibited during the double pulse recovery curve and in alternating responses.
The preparation, recrystallization and characterization of potassium tris(malonato)cobalt(III) tetrahydrate

Potassium tris(malonato)cobalt(III) tetrahydrate, K3[Co(C3H2O4)3]·4H2O, has been prepared and completely characterized. Earlier reports in the literature concerning this compound need to be modified. The compound has d-d absorption bands at 607·5 nm and 423·5 nm indicating that the malonate ion and oxalate ion produce essentially equivalent ligand fields. However, the malonate ion yields a smaller Racah B parameter, 464 cm−1.
Synchronous oscillatory activity in sensory systems: new vistas on mechanisms

Abstract The origin and nature, as well as the functional role, of synchronous oscillatory activity in the cortex are among the major unresolved issues in systems neurobiology. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying oscillations include the description of intrinsically bursting pyramidal cells in striate cortex vivo and the discovery of inhibitory interneurons that fire spike doublets to induce synchrony. The behavioral consequences of coordinated activity in cortical neurons remain poorly understood.