cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy neural network and fuzzy ARTMAP analyses of the affinity of inhibitors for HIV-1 protease

O satisfactory results with neural networks depends on the availability of large data samples. The use of small training sets generally reduces performance. We focus on the neuro-fuzzy prediction of biological activities of HIV-1 protease inhibitory compounds when inferring from small training sets. We propose two computational intelligence prediction techniques that are suitable for small training sets, at the expense of some computational overhead. Both techniques are based on the FAMR model. The FAMR is a Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) incremental learning system used for classification and probability estimation. During the learning phase, each sample pair is assigned a relevance factor proportional to the importance of that pair. The two proposed algorithms are: 1) The GA-FAMR algorithm, which is new, consists of two stages: a) optimizing the relevances assigned to the training data and b) training the FAMR. 2) The Ordered FAMR is derived from a known algorithm. Instead of optimizing relevances, it optimizes the order of data presentation. In our experiments, we compare these two algorithms with an algorithm not based on the FAM, the FS-GA-FNN. We conclude that when inferring from small training sets, both techniques are efficient, in terms of generalization capability and execution time. The computational overhead introduced is compensated by better accuracy. Finally, the proposed techniques are used to predict the biological activities of newly designed potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Long-term environmental drivers of DOC fluxes: Linkages between management, hydrology and climate in a subtropical coastal estuary

Abstract Urban and agricultural development of the South Florida peninsula has disrupted historic freshwater flow in the Everglades, a hydrologically connected ecosystem stretching from central Florida to the Gulf of Mexico, USA. Current system-scale restoration efforts aim to restore natural hydrologic regimes to reestablish pre-drainage ecosystem functioning through increased water availability, quality and timing. Aquatic transport of carbon in this ecosystem, primarily as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycling and food-web dynamics, and will be affected both by water management policies and climate change. To better understand DOC dynamics in South Florida estuaries and how hydrology, climate and water management may affect them, 14 years of monthly data collected in the Shark River estuary were used to examine DOC flux dynamics in a broader environmental context. Multivariate statistical methods were applied to long-term datasets for hydrology, water quality and climate to untangle the interconnected environmental drivers that control DOC export at monthly and annual scales. DOC fluxes were determined to be primarily controlled by hydrology but also by seasonality and long-term climate patterns and episodic weather events. A four-component model (salinity, rainfall, inflow, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) capable of predicting DOC fluxes (R 2 = 0.84, p
Identifying Relapsed AML Patients Most Likely To Benefit from Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant: A Statistical Subgroup Analysis.

Abstract Allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) is often recommended therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who either achieve a second complete remission (CR2), or who fail to do so, following salvage chemotherapy; however, there are few comparisons of transplant and continued chemotherapy without transplant in patients in CR2 or who fail to enter CR2. We thus performed such comparisons with our database consisting of all 490 patients followed after 1st salvage chemotherapy (54% of which contained cytarabine) given here from 1995 through 2004. Median age was 59, median first complete remission (CR1) duration was 22 weeks, and poor risk cytogenetics (CG) (-5 or -7 deletions, complex karyotype) were present in 59%. The CR2 rate after receiving a first salvage regimen was 23% (N=113) while 77% (N=377) did not achieve a second complete remission (failed CR2). Overall survival was compared between patients who underwent allogeneic transplant (N=130, 27%) and those who did not (N=360, 73%) for both the CR2 and failed CR2 cohorts. As shown in the accompanying figure, survival for alloSCT patients was superior in both subgroups (CR2: 11.7 months versus 5.6 months, p Download : Download high-res image (59KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
Subspecies delineation amid phenotypic, geographic, and genetic discordance in a songbird

Understanding the processes that drive divergence within and among species is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology. Traditional approaches to assessing differentiation rely on phenotypes to identify intra- and interspecific variation, but many species express subtle morphological gradients in which boundaries among forms are unclear. This intraspecific variation may be driven by differential adaptation to local conditions and may thereby reflect the evolutionary potential within a species. Here, we combine genetic and morphological data to evaluate intraspecific variation within the Nelson's (Ammodramus nelsoni) and saltmarsh (A. caudacutus) sparrow complex, a group with populations that span considerable geographic distributions and a habitat gradient. We evaluated genetic structure among and within five putative subspecies of A. nelsoni and A. caudacutus using a reduced-representation sequencing approach to generate a panel of 1,929 SNPs among 69 individuals. Although we detected morphological differences among some groups, individuals sorted along a continuous phenotypic gradient. In contrast, the genetic data identified three distinct clusters corresponding to populations that inhabit coastal salt marsh, interior freshwater marsh, and coastal brackish-water marsh habitats. These patterns support the current species-level recognition but do not match the subspecies-level taxonomy within each species– a finding which may have important conservation implications. We identified loci exhibiting patterns of elevated divergence among and within these species, indicating a role for local selective pressures in driving patterns of differentiation across the complex. We conclude that this evidence for adaptive variation among subspecies warrants the consideration of evolutionary potential and genetic novelty when identifying conservation units for this group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography: Impact of Abnormal Blood Potassium Levels on Cardiac Arrhythmias

Background Guidelines suggest that an abnormal blood potassium level is a relative contraindication to performing dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). However, this has not been previously studied. Methods We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who had potassium testing within 48 hours of undergoing DSE for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia over a 10-year period ( N = 13,198). Normal potassium range in our laboratory is 3.6–5.2 mmol/L. Hemolyzed samples were not included. The association of potassium levels with the development of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was assessed. Results The incidence of clinically significant arrhythmias was very low (supraventricular tachycardia/atrial fibrillation, 4.9%; nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 2.9%; sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 0.1%), confirming the overall safety of DSE. Most arrhythmias (88%) occurred in patients with normal potassium levels, and arrhythmia rates remained low in patients with potassium abnormalities. Patients with hyperkalemia had a lower risk of developing mild (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.71) and severe (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.01–0.68) supraventricular arrhythmias as well as mild ventricular arrhythmias (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.83). Even though events were rare, patients with severe hypokalemia (potassium levels ≤ 3.1 mmol/L) had an increased risk of supraventricular arrhythmia and ventricular ectopy. Conclusions DSE is safe even in the setting of abnormalities in blood potassium concentrations, and hence cancellation of DSE in patients with potassium abnormalities does not appear warranted. Elevated potassium levels are associated with lower rates of clinically significant supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. While remaining at relatively low risk, patients with very low potassium levels (≤3.1 mmol/L) at the time of DSE have a modestly increased risk of arrhythmia. Consideration could be given to correcting severe hypokalemia prior to DSE.
The pilgrim’s badge: Water, air, and the flow of sacred matter

In the 1970s, thousands of medieval pilgrims’ badges were dredged from London’s River Thames. Further excavations in France and Germany revealed this was not an isolated case. Though no contemporary accounts directly attest the phenomenon, scholars have suggested that pilgrims tossed their badges into the river after pilgrimage as propitiatory or votive offerings. This essay expands on those theories by adopting a comparative approach focused on notions of flow and sacred materiality. It connects the practice of tossing badges into rivers with a similar post-pilgrimage tradition: the casting of badges onto church bells. Reading these badge practices into one another elicits richer understandings of both and helps to contextualize the river badges within broader discourses of purification ritual and fluid mechanics. Ultimately, this essay speculates that, for the medieval person, river badges comprised a communal deposit of sacred matter perceived to enact a flow of purifying blessings throughout the environment.
Triumph and Tragedy: The Inspiring Stories of Four Football Legends, Fred Becker, Jack Trice, Nile Kinnick, Johnny Bright

Review of: "Triumph and Tragedy: The Inspiring Stories of Four Football Legends, Fred Becker, Jack Trice, Nile Kinnick, Johnny Bright," by Mike Chapman.
Dlx1 and Dlx2 Promote Interneuron GABA Synthesis, Synaptogenesis, and Dendritogenesis

The postnatal functions of the Dlx1&2 transcription factors in cortical interneurons (CINs) are unknown. Here, using conditional Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx1&2 knockouts (CKOs), we defined their roles in specific CINs. The CKOs had dendritic, synaptic, and survival defects, affecting even PV+ CINs. We provide evidence that DLX2 directly drives Gad1, Gad2, and Vgat expression, and show that mutants had reduced mIPSC amplitude. In addition, the mutants formed fewer GABAergic synapses on excitatory neurons and had reduced mIPSC frequency. Furthermore, Dlx1/2 CKO had hypoplastic dendrites, fewer excitatory synapses, and reduced excitatory input. We provide evidence that some of these phenotypes were due to reduced expression of GRIN2B (a subunit of the NMDA receptor), a high confidence Autism gene. Thus, Dlx1&2 coordinate key components of CIN postnatal development by promoting their excitability, inhibitory output, and survival.
Patterns of oral Choice and Evaluation across secondary content areas

Our study focuses on Choice and Evaluation, two of Mohan's knowledge structures to uncover how teachers and students across content areas developed disciplinary knowledge through classroom talk. Pa...
Experimental design of a folded-structure energy-absorption system

This paper describes the design and analysis of an energy-absorption-system container made of chevron-pattern folded paper for the purpose of encasing supplies to be dropped from moving aircraft without using a parachute. A mathematical model of the energy absorption system is developed. The constitutive properties of the system are ascertained experimentally, and the system is tested by dropping containers with different types of cargo and from the different altitudes and aircraft speeds without a parachute. Test results in a laboratory and actual drop tests from moving aircraft demonstrate that this energy-absorption system manufactured using the paper-folding machine, built at the Rutgers University, absorb the impact energy of the drop and protect the cargo from the collision forces that are encountered when the dropped container impacts the ground and tumbles. It is shown that the design can successfully protect items with different fragilities inside containers dropped from different altitudes up to 30 m with aircraft speeds up to 70 KIAS.
Estimation of effective thermal conductivity in U-10Mo fuels with distributed xenon gas bubbles

Abstract We simulate the influence of distributed xenon gas bubbles on the effective thermal conductivity of irradiated U-10Mo fuel using a two-dimensional finite element method (FEM). The effective thermal conductivity of the inhomogeneous materials is estimated by solving the heat equation on a two-dimensional domain and estimating the mean temperature and heat flux. Bubble size distributions representative of both intra- and inter-granular fission gas bubbles are simulated. A distribution consistent with a gas bubble superlattice is compared to less-ordered bubble distributions in the intra-granular case. For inter-granular bubbles, the bubbles' spatial and size distribution was estimated from a two-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of fission gas bubbles that had collected on grain boundaries. The obtained results are compared with some theoretical models and experimental results. The results indicate that the pressure inside the bubbles has minimal influence on the overall thermal conductivity. The effect of krypton concentration is also negligible compared to pure xenon bubbles. Bubble arrangement is also insignificant unless a relatively wide bubble-free path through the metal exists. However, the area fraction of xenon bubbles has a significant impact on the overall thermal conductivity.
Outcomes of Splinting in Pediatric Mallet Finger.

Purpose Excessive flexion at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disrupts the extensor mechanism, leading to mallet finger injuries. The goal of management is to restore active DIP joint extension. We sought to learn which variables (treatment technique, injury type, time to presentation, adherence to treatment) affect clinical outcomes of pediatric mallet finger injuries. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients who presented with mallet finger injuries during 2013 to 2017 at a large pediatric hospital. Patient characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and radiographic data were collected. Types of nonsurgical treatment, acute versus delayed (> 28 days) presentation, and compliant versus noncompliant patients were compared. Differences in extension lag and incidence of complications were evaluated. Results There were 94 patients with 99 mallet fingers, with a mean age of 13.7 years, 66 of whom were boys (70%) and 28 girls (30%). Most injuries occurred during recreation (78%). Ninety-nine percent of patients were treated nonsurgically with extension orthoses. The majority of injuries were bony mallets (80%). The outcomes resulted in a mean extension lag of 1°. Of patients presenting acutely, residual extension lag and complications occurred in 12% and 9%, respectively; the lag and complication rate for patients presenting after a delay was 25% and 19%, respectively. Treatment adherence was associated with better clinical outcomes, with nonadherent patients more likely to experience a residual extensor lag (11% vs 67%) and potentially clinically relevant complications (8% vs 50%). Conclusions The majority of pediatric mallet finger injuries can achieve good outcomes with nonsurgical treatment. Absolute indications for surgery in this population remain unclear. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Euphractus sexcinctus (Six-banded armadillo)

Skin biopsies of two males and one female were studied. The males originally from Brazil, were supplied and identified by Dr. A. Coimbra Filho, Zoological Garden, Rio de Janeiro. The biopsy of the female was sent from an animal captured in Uruguay by Dr. L. Branda, Montevideo. It was labeled “peludo”, a designation usually given Chaetophractus. The latter species is somewhat similar in phenotype but differs markedly in karyotype (ref. 1). Taxonomy of this group is not easy and few cytogenetic studies have been done to date.
Kidney in multiple myeloma and related disorders

Proteinuria was a major feature in the case of multiple myeloma described by Macintyre in 1850 [1]. Despite the excretion of 60 g of protein daily, the kidneys appeared normal on both gross and microscopic examinations. The kidneys had ‘proved equal to the novel office assigned them’ and had ‘discharged the task without sustaining, on their part, the slightest danger.’ Little attention was paid to this disease until 1889 when Otto Kahler [2] described a striking case with the same urinary characteristics that had been described by Henry Bence Jones in 1848 [3].
Treating Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Heart and Lung Disease

Fatigue is prevalent in chronic cardiorespiratory conditions. Fatigue is a symptom complex that affects the quality of life markedly. It correlates strongly with other measures of quality of life and depression. Change in muscle structure and function, deteriorated nutritional status, sleep deprivation, hypoxia (awake, exertional and nocturnal), adverse effects of medications, and comorbid conditions are among many pathophysiologic mechanisms that may promote fatigue in these patients. Comprehensive assessment of all the promoting causes is required for better understanding and management of fatigue in these patients. In the following sections, we will briefly review fatigue in cardiac and respiratory conditions and discuss the effect of disease-specific therapy on fatigue.
Simulating X-ray Absorption Spectra with Linear-Response Density Cumulant Theory.

We present a new approach for simulating X-ray absorption spectra based on linear-response density cumulant theory (LR-DCT) [Copan, A. V.; Sokolov, A. Yu. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2018, 14, 4097−410...
SOCIAL WORK WITH A DEPRESSED CLIENT

Mental health is a fragile area. One of the frequent psychical illnesses is depression which means decline, uneasiness, anxiety. Many people develop a psychical illness during their life, whereby the triggering mechanism can be different stressful situation. Thus, many people with psychical illness become clients of social services facilities. This way the client comes into contact with social workers, which should be ready for their work (or rather mission) professionally and personally. They should be familiar with a range of approaches, methods and techniques, which they can implement based on the client’s individual needs within social intervention, in order to improve the client’s quality of life. The aim of our research is to determine what approaches and methods are used in social work with depressed clients. As a research method we use the analysis of professional materials and case studies, which focused on the application of methods of social work with clients with depression. The article has theoretical and research parts. In the theoretical part we introduce the diagnostics and symptoms of depression. In the research part we analyze the approaches and methods, used in social work with a depressed client. Then we present case studies, which are focused on the application of methods of social work with clients with depression.
Cross Point Test Arrays for Development and Yield Ramp of Emerging Memories

New non-volatile memory types are becoming increasingly attractive for embedded and storage-class applications. Among the development challenges to insert memory elements between upper interconnect metals are long learning cycles and high wafer cost. We propose a short-flow based characterization of Memory Arrays using a Cross Point Array approach, which significantly reduces the Turn-Around Time and processing cost.
Mind the Gap: Improving Care in Pediatric-to-Adult Rheumatology Transition Through Education

Adolescence and young adulthood represents a vulnerable period in the life of patients with rheumatic diseases, many of whom struggle with self-management of their chronic disease and adjustment to care with adult rheumatologists. Many adult rheumatologists are uncomfortable caring for young adults, especially those with pediatric-onset diagnoses. The recent development of evidence-based best practices, expert opinion recommendations, and validated tools can assist pediatric and adult rheumatologists in caring for adolescent and young adult patients. Uptake of these guidelines and resources remains low, underscoring the need for rheumatologists and trainees to receive explicit training in the application of transition best practices.
Characterization of Liquid Cooled Cold Plates for a Multi Chip Module (MCM) and their Impact on Data Center Chiller Operation

Miniaturization of microelectronic components comes at a price of high heat flux density. By adopting liquid cooling, the rising demand of high heat flux devices can be met while the reliability of the microelectronic devices can also be improved to a greater extent. Liquid cooled cold plates are largely replacing air based heat sinks for electronics in data center applications, thanks to its large heat carrying capacity. A bench level study was carried out to characterize the thermohydraulic performance of microchannel cold plates which uses warm De-Ionized (DI) water for cooling Multi Chip Modules (MCM). A laboratory built mock package housing mock chips and a heat spreader was employed while assessing the thermal performance of three different cold plate designs at varying coolant flow rate and temperature. The case temperature measured at the heat spreader for varying flow rates and input power were essential in identifying the convective resistance corresponding to the cold plates. The flow performance was evaluated by the measuring the pressure drop across cold plate module at varying flow rates. Cold plate with the enhanced microchannel design yielded better results compared to a traditional parallel microchannel design. The experimental results were validated using a numerical model which is further optimized for improved geometric designs. Finally, an estimation of chiller operating cost was obtained for a 100% air cooled facility and compared their performance to that of a 60% warm water cooled facility.
Author response: Symptom burden among individuals with Parkinson disease: A national survey.

We appreciate the readers' comments on the prevalence and impact of apathy on quality of life among individuals with Parkinson disease. In constructing our survey instrument, we discussed the inclusion of apathy as a symptom. However, we ultimately opted against inclusion because of concerns about the specificity of terminology in our online survey. Patients and care partners may not be familiar with the term “apathy,”and near-synonyms such as “reduced motivation” have substantial overlap with other nonmotor features. Still, as the readers point out, apathy is extremely common and under-recognized. Similar to many of the nonmotor symptoms identified in our study,1 we agree that clinicians should be screening for apathy among those with Parkinson disease.
Reflecting the forgotten: teacher stories prior to the 2018 South Korea research trip

This study explores eight teacher narratives related to pre-trip preparation for the 2018 South Korea Research Trip sponsored by the Korean War Legacy Foundation (KWLF). The trip is an annual event...
Brownian motion of harmonic systems with fluctuating parameters: III Scaling and moment instabilities

Abstract We examine the stability properties of equilibrium moments of all orders for the damped mechanical oscillator with a delta correlated fluctuating frequency. A Markovian master equation is derived startimg from a frequency fluctuation process with finite correlation time τc and the limit τc→0 is taken. To approach this limit systematically, the oscillator and frequency fluctuation parameters are expressed in terms of a dimensionless scaling parameter. We derive exact integer moment transport equations in the limit of vanishing correlation time. These equations, and hence the moments, depend only on the second cumulant of the frequency fluctuations and not on the higher cumulants. The conjecture of Bourret et al.1) that for given frequency fluctuations, however weak, all moments beyond a certain order diverge is proved. We therefore conclude that the equilibrium distribution of the oscillator displacement and momentum cannot be Gaussian. A simple algebraic relation is established between the order of the lowest unstable moments and the system parameters.
A 30-year analysis of National Institutes of Health–funded cardiac transplantation research: Surgeons lead the way

Abstract Objectives Obtaining National Institutes of Health funding for heart transplant research is becoming increasingly difficult, especially for surgeons. We sought to determine the impact of National Institutes of Health–funded cardiac transplantation research over the past 30 years. Methods National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results was queried for R01s using 10 heart transplant–related terms. Principal Investigator, total grant funding amount, number of publications, and citations of manuscripts were collected. A citation-based Grant Impact Metric was assigned to each grant: sum of citations for each manuscript normalized by the funding of the respective grant (per $100K). The department and background degree(s) (MD, PhD, MD/PhD) for each funded Principal Investigator were identified from institutional faculty profiles. Results A total of 321 cardiac transplantation R01s totaling $723 million and resulting in 6513 publications were analyzed. Surgery departments received more grants and more funding dollars to study cardiac transplantation than any other department (n = 115, $249 million; Medicine: n = 93, $208 million; Pathology: 26, $55 million). Surgeons performed equally well compared with all other Principal Investigators with respect to Grant Impact Metric (15.1 vs 20.6; P = .19) and publications per $1 million (7.5 vs 6.8; P = .75). Finally, all physician-scientists (MDs) have a significantly higher Grant Impact Metric compared with nonclinician researchers (non-MDs) (22.3 vs 16.3; P = .028). Conclusions Surgeon-scientists are equally productive and impactful compared with nonsurgeons despite decreasing funding rates at the National Institutes of Health and greater pressure from administrators to increase clinical productivity.
Evaluation of an Organizational Intervention to Improve Osteoarthritis.

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious public health problem that affects millions in the United States (Hootman & Helmick, 2006). National health objectives indicate an urgent need to increase the number of people educated about the causes, prevention, and treatment of OA (Sleath, Cahoon, Sloane, & Callahan, 2008). The most effective OA reduction strategies include health education, health promotion, and self-management education (Schulz, et al., 2015). Studies examining the design and implementation of education are limited. Researchers have established the a link between improving knowledge and improved health outcomes; reduced pain, increased mobility, improved joint health, and delayed surgery (Szychlinska, Leonardi, Al-Qahtani, M., Mobasheri, & Musumeci, 2016). Beneficial interventions may decrease the disability associated with OA and the need for more invasive treatments (Sharma, 2016). In our previous article titled Components of an Effective Osteoarthritis Self-Management Program, provided components needed for program implementation and how to measure the program's success by using the nursing Health Belief Model. Objective The purpose of this program evaluation is to improve program information and increase patient knowledge. Method This evaluation used two mixed methods: (a) standardized survey (Figure 1), (b) instructor interview (Figure 2). Both evaluations were conducted by the authors with defined methods and conditions discussed under sections Participant Survey Method and Instructor Interview Method. Results The program evaluation goal was met with positive reviews from all 67 participants who attended the program. Instructor interviews uncovered reasons for volunteering and gathered data used for future recommendations. Conclusion This program evaluation will provide tools for program implementation and evaluation by health organizations with the long-term aim of reducing the burden of OA and healthcare costs.
A pilot study of lenalidomide maintenance therapy after autologous transplantation in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma

ABSTRACT For patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), salvage chemotherapy followed by consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains the standard of care. Even with this aggressive treatment strategy, 5-year progression-free survival is ≤50%, and there remains interest in maintenance strategies to improve long-term disease-free survival. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with demonstrated activity in multiple subtypes of lymphoma including cHL, and has also been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival as maintenance therapy after ASCT in multiple myeloma. This multicenter study evaluated maintenance lenalidomide after ASCT for patients with cHL. Patients were enrolled 60 to 90 days post-transplant and received oral lenalidomide on days 1 to 28 of 28-day cycles for a maximum of 18 cycles. Lenalidomide was started at 15 mg daily and increased to maximum of 25 mg daily if tolerated. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of this regimen, with a goal
It Just Got Harder to Make a Difference in China: A Harsh New NGO Law Has Foreign Organizations Scarmbling

On April 28, China’s national legislature adopted the highly controversial Law on the Management of Domestic Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations, also known as its overseas NGO law. The enactment of the law, which has been in the works for over a year, sets the stage for months of anxiety and jockeying as thousands of foreign, Hong Kong, and Taiwanese NGOs, foundations, universities, trade associations, and other nonprofits try to divine how new restrictive rules on registration and operations will affect their work in mainland China.
Healthcare Needs of U.S. Rural Latinos: A Growing, Multicultural Population.

Purpose: From 2000 to 2050, the Latino population in the United States (U.S.) is expected to grow by 273%. Health outcomes vary widely among Latino subgroups and health disparities more adversely affect rural residents. The commonly used “one-size-fits-all” approach assumes that the U.S. Latino population is homogeneous. Sample, Method: Rural Latinos in four study states: Arizona (AZ), California (CA), Florida (FL) and Texas (TX) were the focus of this study. This research describes changes in the Latino population in rural counties of the U.S. in two dimensions: 1) change in population by number, and 2) change in population by country of origin using data from 2000-2017. Findings: The following themes emerged: 1) the overall Latino population grew in each state; 2) rural Latino populations in each state also increased but at a higher rate; 3) there is a variety of diversity in the countries of origin of rural Latinos based in each state; and 4) a considerable proportion of Latinos living in rural areas are of unknown Latino origins. Conclusions: As the largest racial or ethnic minority in rural populations and as the second largest group in the nation, Latino health has a significant influence on the U.S. healthcare system. For nurses, evidence-based strategies can be tailored to address diverse Latino subpopulations to reduce specific disparities for various ethnic populations. Keywords: nursing, cultural competence, Latino health, Hispanics, rural health, treatment barriers DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.658
Emergency Online Learning: College Students’ Perceptions during the COVID-19 Crisis

Students who took classes during Spring 2020 went through an unprecedented upheaval due to the impact of COVID-19 on their higher education experience. This research measured the impact and changes students experienced as they transitioned from the typical learning delivery of a traditional on-campus semester to an online learning delivery in response to COVID-19. Students completed an online survey which measured exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy. Students also answered questions connected to COVID-19 changes and the transition from traditional to remote learning. The top barriers students encountered during the online portion of the semester were connected to Wi-Fi quality, finding a quiet space, and finances. Beyond academics, students decreased their social connections with peers, professors, and the college community and their healthy habits connected to exercise and eating during the remote portion of the term. The results indicated that students were more exhausted and generally felt more cynicism relative to other studies/databases. Our results showed that moving to remote learning had implications that went beyond academics and affected social connections, motivation, and healthy behaviors. We recommend that universities consider implementing strategies to address these problems, promote healthy habits, and decrease exhaustion and cynicism.
Hacer La Muerte Más Fácil Hace La Vida Más Difícil (Making Death Easier Makes Life Harder)

Spanish Abstract: Hay un fuerte argumento de calidad de vida que debe plantearse siempre que se este debatiendo cualquier derecho al suicidio. Cada retiro de la proteccion contra el suicidio pone en peligro no solo las vidas, sino tambien la dignidad humana y las relaciones de apoyo a las personas que intentan vivir con enfermedades agobiantes. Solamente cuando nuestra ley y nuestra cultura tratan el suicidio como una eleccion tragica en lugar de benigna, y se niegan a facilitarlo, es probable que estos mas necesitados reciban ayuda compasiva, en lugar de resentimiento, de sus allegados. English Abstract: A culture of disdain for disabled and elderly persons is more likely to come about if we embrace a right to assisted suicide. Each endorsement of suicide endangers not only the lives but also the human dignity and the quality of support relationships of persons with burdensome infirmities. Once suicide becomes readily available and accepted, dependent persons who refuse to choose death will be blamed for voluntarily burdening their caregivers, and for burdening society as well, thus filling the end of their lives with new sorts of suffering.
Active Cell Divisions Generate Exotic Fourfold Orientationally Ordered Phase in Living Tissue

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMorphogenesis, the process through which genes generate form, establishes tissue scale order as a template for constructing the complex shapes of the body plan. The extensive growth required to build these ordered substrates is fuelled by cell proliferation, which, naively, should destroy order. The active mechanisms that couple cellular and physical processes to generate and maintain global order, thereby reconciling this seeming contradiction, remain elusive. Using live imaging and tissue cartography, we quantitatively analyze the dynamics of fourfold tissue ordering in the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis. We show that cell divisions are the main drivers of tissue flow leading to a fourfold orientationally ordered phase. Waves of anisotropic cell proliferation propagate across the embryo with precise choreography, such that defects introduced into the nascent lattice by cell divisions are healed by subsequent divisions through active defect climb. Orchestrating cell proliferation rates and orientations enables cell divisions to organize, rather than fluidize, the tissue. The result is a robust, active mechanism for generating global orientational order in a non-equilibrium system that sets the stage for the subsequent development of shape and form.
International Telepractice: Encouraging Equity, Partnership, and Sustainability

Purpose The following commentary outlines the principles of international telepractice with regard to speech-language pathology and audiology services. Additionally, this commentary provides critic...
Plasticity as Globality and Authenticity: The Re-represented Chinese Brazilians in Cidade de Plástico/ 荡寇/蕩寇/Plastic City (2008)

The present article contends that the cinematic representation of the Chinese enclave in Sao Paulo, Brazil, along with the Chinese Brazilian characters in Plastic City (2008), are the product of a (self)-orientalization and exoticization process. While the plot takes place in Brazil, it is built on collective imaginations from Asia through plasticity, which has two dimensions. The definition of the first dimension draws on Bhaskar Sarkar’s theory of plasticity and globalization, which focuses on the mutability and flexibility of representations in a global context (452). As Plastic City is a cross-border collaboration from Asia for Asian spectators that engages these global representations, this research investigates how the transnational production process re-represents an exotic Orient in Sao Paulo. The other dimension of plasticity is based on Walter Benjamin’s theory of reproduced products and their auras (4) with a focus on how the re-representing process presents itself as an attempt to construct historical authenticity. This topic is symbolized through pirated goods and the film’s transnational production process, distribution, and reproducibility of plastic goods. This article also takes a cue from studies of the representation of Asia and Asian characters in Spanish and Latin American cinema, which is an area gaining increasing interest in recent years (Lu, Davila Goncalves, Vazquez Vazquez), by calling into question the often ignored or stigmatized population of the films.
An Assessment of the Virtual Mass Force in RELAP5/MOD3.3 for the Bubbly Flow Regime

One-dimensional two-fluid models used for the simulation of large, industrial-scale problems require many simplifying assumptions to make a closed model that is tractable, applicable to a wide vari...
Effective clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from the central nervous system requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for the clearance of virus from the central nervous system following infection with the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus. Development of antiviral antibodies requires the presence of CD4+ T cells but appears to play a minimal role in the reduction of virus. The data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that clearance of JHM virus is mediated by virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which appear to require the presence of CD4+ T cells.
Crop competitive ability contributes to herbicide performance in sweet corn

Summary Crop variety effects on herbicide performance is not well characterised, particularly for sweet corn, a crop that varies greatly among hybrids in competitive ability with weeds. Field studies were used to determine the effects of crop competitive ability on season-long herbicide performance in sweet corn. Two sethoxydim-tolerant sweet corn hybrids were grown in the presence of Panicum miliaceum and plots were treated post-emergence with a range of sethoxydim doses. Significant differences in height, leaf area index and intercepted light were observed between hybrids near anthesis. Across a range of sub-lethal herbicide doses, the denser canopy hybrid Rocker suppressed P. miliaceum shoot biomass and fecundity to a greater extent than the hybrid Cahill. Yield of sweet corn improved to the level of the weed-free control with increasing sethoxydim dose. The indirect effect of herbicide dose on crop yield, mediated through P. miliaceum biomass reduction, was significant for all of the Cahill’s yield traits but not Rocker. These results indicate that a less competitive hybrid requires relatively more weed suppression by the herbicide to not only reduce weed growth and seed production, but also to maintain yield. Sweet corn competitive ability consistently influences season-long herbicide performance.
A comparison of isokinetic muscle strength and power in visually impaired and sighted individuals

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the isokinetic strength characteristics of visually impaired with sighted individuals. Thirty age-matched participants who met the criteria for blind and partially sighted were matched according to age, height, and sex. Participants were evaluated on a Cybex Isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 90 and 180 deg/sec. The main outcome measures were peak torque normalized by body weight; and power adjusted by body weight. Data was analyzed by using separate 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (group x gender x muscle x velocity) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Separate ANOVAs were performed because of the relatively low number of subjects used in the investigation. Results demonstrated significant group, velocity and muscle main effects; sighted individuals had significantly greater values for peak torque and power than individuals with visual impairments. In conclusion, it appears that individuals with visual impairments are deficient in strength and power compared to sighted individuals. Interventions programs should begin early in an individual's development and stress developing muscular strength and power.
Empirical Quantile CLTs for Time-dependent Data

We establish empirical quantile process CLTs based on n independent copies of a stochastic process {X t : t ∈ E} that are uniform in t ∈ E and quantile levels α ∈ I, where I is a closed sub-interval of (0, 1). The process {X t : t ∈ E} may be chosen from a broad collection of Gaussian processes, compound Poisson processes, stationary independent increment stable processes, and martingales.
National Culture and Entrepreneurship : A Review of Behavioral Research:

Conceptual arguments for the association between cultural characteristics and entrepreneurship have existed for decades but only in the last 10 years has this relationship been the focus of empiric...
Thermal Additions and Epifaunal Organisms at Chalk Point, Maryland

Two sets of test panels, one in the intake and the other in the effluent canal of a steam-generating station, were submerged at montly intervals in 1967. The panels were analyzed for epifaunal species composition, abundance, seasonal attachment, and total biomass production. The average surface-water temperature rose 6.3 C above ambient on the effluent side, and the biomass production of the epifaunal organisms found there increased nearly three times that of the intake. An earlier and larger set of some attached organisms occurred in the effluent, but there was little change in species composition between the intake and effluent canals. During the summer when high surface-water temperatures prevailed, there seemed to be a reduced number and/or disappearance of flatworms and colonial hydroids, along with increased barnacle growth. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00BY035 00006
Separation of proteolytic enzymes, vitamin B12 binders and intrinsic factor from human gastric mucosa on DEAE cellulose column.

Abstract Seventeen extracts from the mucosa of the fundus and body of 11 human stomachs were fractionated by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose columns at pH 7.2 with a sodium chloride gradient ranging from 0.01 to 0.4 M. The bulk of the carbohydrate-rich materials was eluted below molarity 0.06. The elution of carbohydrates continued, however, through 0.06–0.016 molarity, and gradually came to low levels with increasing molarity. Some B12 binders were eluted at a mean molarity of 0.06, while the peaks of IF activity and B12 binding were eluted somewhat later at mean molarity of 0.12 M (range 0.07–0.14 M). Proteolytic activity was well separated from IF activity, being eluted at 0.30–0.40 M. The major portion of the proteases (83% on the average) active at pH 2.0 was eluted at 0.30–0.35 M and only 16% at molarity 0.35–0.40, while respect. 60% and 37% of the protease active at pH 3.5 was here eluted. Relatively more protease active at pH 3.5 was thus eluted at higher molarities than of protease active at pH 2.0. A significant enrichment in proteolytic proenzymes was obtained in eluates at higher molarities, 0.35–0.40. No support was obtained for the relationship of IF to pepsinogen and the by-products of its activation in man.
Oxidative damage caused by free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation: Protective effects of O-methylation and melatonin

Catecholamine autoxidation produces reactive oxygen species that have been implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region of the brain that occurs during normal aging and in Parkinson's disease. In the present study, the potential protective effects of catecholamine O-methylation and of melatonin against catecholamine autoxidation-induced protein damage were assessed in vitro using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The rate of oxidation of the fluorescent protein porphyridium cruentum beta-phycoerythrin (beta-PE) caused by the oxidizing agent CuSO4 was shown to be accelerated by addition of the catecholamines dopamine and L-dopa. Replacement of dopamine and L-dopa in the assay with their O-methylated metabolites 3-O-methyldopamine and 3-O-methyldopa significantly decreased the rate of beta-PE oxidation. When melatonin was added to the ORAC assay in combination with dopamine or L-dopa, the rate of beta-PE oxidation was decreased as well. These findings were consistent with the following interpretations: (1) O-methylated catecholamines are less susceptible to autoxidation than their nonmethylated precursors, and (2) melatonin, which has recently been shown to be a powerful antioxidant, is capable of scavenging free radicals produced during catecholamine autoxidation. These findings suggest that O-methylation and melatonin may be important components of the brain's antioxidant defenses against catecholamine autoxidation and may protect against consequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
New Multilevel Parallel Preconditioning Strategies of Sparse Matrix for Speeding up CAD Systems

ABSTRACTIn the modeling and transformation research of 3D human body organs and tissues based on medical images, according to 3D scene characteristics of huge amount volume in spatial data processing, the parallel computing of large sparse matrices has important significance for performance calculation of speeding up CAD system. In this paper, to avoid the parallel implementations difficulty encountered in the independent set search strategy of CAD system, a new parallel multilevel MSP (Multistep Successive Preconditioning strategies) pre-conditioner is presented. In each level, we use a diagonal value based strategy to permute the matrix into a 2 by 2 block from. During the preconditioning phase, we do forward and backward preconditioning to improve the performance of the pre-conditioner. In our experiments, MMSP shows better algorithmic CPU time and scalability for solving an actual case of CAD matrix with n = 1003 and nnz = 6940000, and the better convergence behavior of MMSP confirms the scaling of pe...