cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE REVEREND BAYES VS. JESUS CHRIST

The Bayesian perspective on historiography is commonsensical: If historiography is not certain like a priori knowledge or sense data, and it is not fiction, historiography is probable. Richard Carrier's book argues for a Bayesian, probabilistic interpretation of historiography in general and of the debate about the historicity of Jesus in particular. Jesus can be interpreted as a historically transmitted reference of “Jesus,” as a bundle of properties, or literally. Carrier devotes too much energy to debating literalism that confuses evidence with hypotheses. But evidence preserves information to different degrees; it is true or not. Carrier proposes to apply objective, frequentist Bayesianism in historiography despite the difficulties in assigning values. He argues that ranges of values can determine historiographical hypotheses. Carrier does not analyze in Bayesian terms the main method for Bayesian determination of posterior probabilities in historiography: inference from multiple independent sources. When the prior probability of a hypothesis is low, but at least two independent evidential sources, such as testimonies, support it, however unreliable each of the testimonies is, the posterior probability leaps. The problem with the Synoptic Gospels as evidence for a historical Jesus from a Bayesian perspective is that the evidence that coheres does not seem to be independent, whereas the evidence that is independent does not seem to cohere. Carrier's explanation of some the evidence in the Gospels is fascinating as the first Bayesian reconstruction of structuralism and mimesis. Historians attempted to use theories about the transmission and preservation of information to find more reliable parts of the Gospels, parts that are more likely to have preserved older information. Carrier is too dismissive of such methods because he is focused on hypotheses about the historical Jesus rather than on the best explanations of the evidence. I leave open questions about the degree of scholarly consensus and the possible reasons for it.
'Authoritarian Capitalism' in Post-Communist Russia and China: Regime Ideology-Building in Comparative Perspective

During recent years, there is growing scholarly attention on the so-called “authoritarian capitalism,” spearheaded by authoritarian capitalist regimes such as contemporary China and Russia. This idea, however, does not tell us much about these regimes and their respective developmental strategies. Whether “authoritarian capitalism” would one day become a credible alternative to capitalist liberal democracy depends, first and foremost, on these regimes’ ability or the lack thereof to develop a unique self-image and a clear sense of mission in the form of a distinctive regime ideology to guide their developmental paths and foreign policies. This paper specifically focuses on the common pressure they now face to come up with a clear and viable ideological alternative that could legitimize continuing regime rule and guide future regime actions. It examines two necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for successful regime ideology-building – the coherence of ideological repertoire, and the strength of elite commitment. It argues that For China, the biggest challenge is the increasingly incoherent ideological repertoire resulting from the fundamental contradictions between the regime’s party-state identity and its quest for continuing economic liberalization and globalization. Nevertheless, relatively strong elite commitment allows the regime to attempt to strengthen its legitimacy via building formal institutions. For Russia, the incoherence of its ideological repertoire that tries to blend statism, Russian ethnocentrism and market liberalism is further compounded by rather weak elite commitment, which is unlikely to change due to deeply entrenched patron-client relationships and weak institutions.
Weight-centrism in psychology: Implications and new directions from the field of fat studies

ABSTRACTThe authors explore the field of psychology’s adherence to a weight-centric model of health and the implications for propagating weight bias in research, education, and practice. Invoking the field of fat studies, they then suggest ways of reducing weight bias in these domains via use of alternative methods and materials. In doing so, they highlight the weight-neutral Health At Every Size® paradigm as a potential means of guiding scholarship, teaching, and applied work in psychology and related behavioral health science fields.
Pediatric Critical Care Transport as a Conduit to Palliative Care: A Case Series and Literature Review

To present a series of three successful pediatric palliative critical care transports from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care facility to home and to provide an overview of the existing literature on both pediatric and adult palliative critical care transports. Cases were identified from The Johns Hopkins Hospital Pediatric Transport database and the literature review was based on …
Comparison of two fixation methods of oblique lesser metatarsal osteotomies: a biomechanical study.

Two methods of internal fixation of oblique lesser metatarsal osteotomies were compared biomechanically using fresh-frozen human cadaver bones. Osteotomies were made obliquely through the metatarsal shafts and fixed with either crossed Kirschner wires or a single AO screw using the lag technique. The specimens were then fixed at their proximal end and loaded to failure using an axial torsion material testing system (MTS, Minneapolis, MN). Load displacement curves were obtained and the stiffness of the constructs were determined. Single-screw fixation was found to be significantly stiffer than the crossed wire configuration (P < .01). Single-screw fixation resulted in a stiffness of 211.2 +/- 111.7 N/cm (mean +/- SD), while stiffness of the crossed wire configuration averaged 56.9 +/- 25.1 N/cm.
Island pedicle graft in the correction of urethral meatal stenosis following hypospadias repair.

Abstract We present our experience with the use of a vascularized island pedicle graft in the correction of urethral meatal stenosis following hypospadias surgery. In 5 patients treated with this new technique the stenosis was corrected and voiding flow patterns returned to normal
WHY (MOST) CONCEPTS AREN'T CATEGORIES

In the last century, hundreds of experiments were conducted by psychologists trying to discover how people “classify” or “categorize” items under kind (category) words such as dog, chair , and fruit. The position I have taken about such words is that they do not designate classes but rather units of an entirely different kind. A very few, uncompounded nouns that designate classes do exist, but words like dog, chair , and fruit are not among them. In this chapter I introduce this contrary viewpoint. I cannot attempt to defend it at any length in this short essay, but I will present a portion of this view, using the most intuitively understandable terms I can muster. The details are spelled out in On Clear and Confused Ideas ( Millikan, 2000 ), which I will refer to as OCCI.
(Re)centering street harassment – an appraisal of safe cities global initiative in Delhi, India

In 2012, New Delhi (India) was catapulted into the global limelight for the brutal gang rape of a 23-year old woman travelling in a bus. This wasn’t the first time that sexual violence had been per...
The personality context of relational aggression: A Five-Factor Model profile analysis

Relational aggression (RAgg) is a form of behavior intended to damage the victim's social status or interpersonal relationships through the use of purposeful interpersonal manipulation or social exclusion (Archer & Coyne, 2005). RAgg is impairing, stable, and largely defined by dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal interactions-all of which invokes comparisons to personality and, more specifically, personality pathology. Leveraging research using the Five Factor Model (FFM) in personality disorder (PD) work, the present study aims to understand the personality context of RAgg by applying this FFM profile approach in 2 ways: (a) by compiling a personality profile of RAgg based on a thorough review of the relevant literature and (b) by compiling a personality profile of RAgg based on expert ratings (N = 19). We then compared these profiles to each other and to existing personality profiles of Cluster B PDs to examine how RAgg fits into the personality space represented by Cluster B PDs. These analyses indicate that both FFM profiles of RAgg show substantial overlap with the FFM profile of narcissistic PD. The present study has important implications for bridging disjointed domains of research on personality pathology and RAgg and underscores the relevance of RAgg for early emergence of PD characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record
Excitons in Orthorhombic and Tetragonal Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites

The small exciton binding energy Eb in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) enables their extraordinary photovoltaic performance. The measured Eb in MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3), the most studied HOIP, is 50% smaller in the orthorhombic phase than estimated from the high-frequency dielectric constant and drops an additional 25% in the tetragonal phase. Here we show that these puzzling exciton behaviors can be quantitatively explained by incomplete screening arising from polar optical phonons (POPs) and randomly oriented MA ions. Emission/absorption of POPs introduces a virtual radius of electron (hole), within which the screening due to POPs is ineffective. Randomly oriented dipoles of MA ions in the tetragonal phase mediate an extra long-range coupling between the electron and hole. The exciton Hamiltonian is accurately solved by using variational hydrogenic wave functions as the basis set. Our results consistently account for the observed exciton properties and reveal the impact of polar coupling on exc...
The Role of R&D and Patent Signaling in Altering Firms’ Financing Constraints

Most scholars agree that firms which possess, and are able to exploit, critical R&D capabilities will often obtain a competitive advantage and superior firm performance. Yet, R&D is expensive and c...
Incidence and significance of true papillae in thyroid fine needle aspiration.

Introduction Whether true papillae without nuclear features of papillary carcinoma in thyroid fine needle aspirates should be diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is unclear. Methods The results of all thyroid FNAs performed from 2014-2016 with corresponding resections as well as aspirates from 2000-2016 with a diagnosis of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma or Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were reviewed. Results Papillae with fibrovascular cores were identified in 17 of 149 consecutive cases (11%), 3 of which had nuclear features of papillary carcinoma and were papillary carcinoma at resection. All 14 cases of papillae without nuclear features of papillary carcinoma were benign. Of 29 papillary carcinomas, papillae were identified in 8 (28%) and “swirls” were identified in 3 (10%) additional cases, all in cases of papillary carcinoma, NOS. Papillae and swirls were not identified in any cases of NIFTP (13 cases) or follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (15 cases). Conclusion True papillae are relatively common. Both papillae with nuclear atypia and swirls are highly specific for papillary carcinoma, NOS and are not seen in NIFTP. True papillae with fibrovascular cores but without cytologic features of papillary carcinoma are benign and should not be diagnosed as AUS.
Electromyography Data Processing Impacts Muscle Synergies during Gait for Unimpaired Children and Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Muscle synergies calculated from electromyography (EMG) data identify weighted groups of muscles activated together during functional tasks. Research has shown that fewer synergies are required to describe EMG data of individuals with neurologic impairments. When considering potential clinical applications of synergies, understanding how EMG data processing impacts results and clinical interpretation is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate how EMG signal processing impacts synergy outputs during gait. We evaluated the impacts of two common processing steps for synergy analyses: low pass (LP) filtering and unit variance scaling. We evaluated EMG data collected during barefoot walking from five muscles of 113 children with cerebral palsy (CP) and 73 typically-developing (TD) children. We applied low pass (LP) filters to the EMG data with cutoff frequencies ranging from 4 to 40 Hz (reflecting the range reported in prior synergy research). We also evaluated the impact of normalizing EMG amplitude by unit variance. We found that the total variance accounted for (tVAF) by a given number of synergies was sensitive to LP filter choice and decreased in both TD and CP groups with increasing LP cutoff frequency (e.g. 9.3 percentage points change for one synergy between 4 and 40 Hz). This change in tVAF can alter the number of synergies selected for further analyses. Normalizing tVAF to a z-score (e.g., dynamic motor control index during walking, walk-DMC) reduced sensitivity to LP cutoff. Unit variance scaling caused comparatively small changes in tVAF. Synergy weights and activations were impacted less than tVAF by LP filter choice and unit variance normalization. These results demonstrate that EMG signal processing methods impact outputs of synergy analysis and z-score based measures can assist in reporting and comparing results across studies and clinical centers.
Fork Protection and Therapy Resistance in Hereditary Breast Cancer

The BRCA-Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway preserves the genome and suppresses cancer and is a main determinant of chemotherapeutic efficacy. The hereditary breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in DNA double-strand break repair mediating distinct steps of homologous recombination (HR). More recently, independent of DNA repair, functions in the replication stress response have come to light, providing insight as to how the BRCA-FA pathway also balances genome preservation with proliferation. The BRCA-FA proteins associate with the replisome and contribute to the efficiency and recovery of replication following perturbations that slow or arrest DNA replication. Although the full repertoire of functions in the replication stress response remains to be elucidated, the function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in protecting stalled replication forks contributes along with HR to the sensitivity of BRCA-associated tumors to chemotherapy. Moreover, chemoresistance evolves from restoration of either HR and/or fork protection. Although mechanisms underlying the restoration of HR have been characterized, it remains less clear how restoration of fork protection is achieved. Here, we outline mechanisms of "rewired" fork protection and chemotherapy resistance in BRCA cancer. We propose that mechanisms are linked to permissive replication that limits fork remodeling and therefore opportunities for fork degradation. Combating this chemoresistance mechanism will require drugs that inactivate replication bypass mechanisms.
IN VITRO LYMPHOID CELL TRANSFORMATION BY ABELSON MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS

ABSTRACT. Abelson murine leukemia virus transforms lymphoid cells in vitro . Two transformation systems for the study of Abelson murine leukemia virus-lymphoid cell interaction are discussed in this paper. One system, in which mass cultures of hematopoietic cells are infected with Abelson virus, allows rapid isolation of large numbers of transformed cells. The second system allows quantitation of transformation and study of cells arising from single transformation events.
Smart Grid Security: Attacks and Defenses

Electric grids in the future will be highly integrated with information and communications technology. The increase in use the of information technology is expected to enhance reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of the future electric grid through the implementation of sophisticated monitoring and control strategies. However, it also comes at a price that the grid becomes more vulnerable to cyber-intrusions which may damage the physical system. This chapter provides an overview of cyberattacks on power systems from a system theoretical perspective by focusing on the tight coupling between the physical system and the communication network. It is demonstrated via several attack scenarios how the adversary may cause significant impacts on the power system by intercepting the communication channel and without possibly being detected. The attack strategies and the corresponding countermeasures are formulated and analyzed using tools from optimization, dynamical systems, and control theory.
Human Genetic Epidemiology Using R.

This chapter illustrates the biostatistical human genetics with an introduction to the T-Test, and the Manhattan Plots in statistics using Human Genetic Data concepts leading to procedures for Statistical Tests and Utilities for Genetic Association. Several R packages are chosen: iGasso, GenABEL, and HardyWeinberg. Other topics discussed include: Regression Decision Trees and Classifications Multi-dimensional Analysis in Genetic Epidemiology Regression Decision Trees and Classifications
Comparison of He 3 -, He 4 -, and C 12 -induced nuclear reactions in heavy-mass targets at medium excitation energies. I. Experimental cross sections

The excitation functions for the $^{197}\mathrm{Au}{(^{12}\mathrm{C},xn)}^{209\ensuremath{-}x}$ At, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}{(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)}^{212\ensuremath{-}x}$ At, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}{(\ensuremath{\alpha},xn)}^{213\ensuremath{-}x}$ At, $^{187}\mathrm{Re}{(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)}^{190\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Ir}$, $^{187}\mathrm{Re}{(\ensuremath{\alpha},xn)}^{191\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Ir}$, and $^{197}\mathrm{Au}{(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)}^{200\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Tl}$ reactions were obtained by the activation method employing the stacked-foil technique. The maximum laboratory kinetic energies were 70-MeV $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, 80-MeV $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, and 120-MeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ ions. The radiations accompanying the decay of the induced radioisotopes were detected by a calibrated Ge(Li) detector and the cross sections were deduced by the activation method.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)$, $^{187}\mathrm{Re}(^{3}\mathrm{He},xn)$, $x=2,6$, $E=20 \mathrm{to} 70$ MeV, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(\ensuremath{\alpha},xn)$, $^{187}\mathrm{Re}(\ensuremath{\alpha},xn)$, $x=2,6$, $E=20 \mathrm{to} 80$ MeV, $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(^{12}\mathrm{C},xn)$, $x=3,6$, $E=60 \mathrm{to} 120$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E)$.]
Strong immunoreactivity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin co-localizes with beta-amyloid protein and ubiquitin in vacuolated muscle fibers of inclusion-body myositis.

In 10 of 10 inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients, including 1 hereditary case, vacuolated muscle fibers contained large or small cytoplasmic inclusions immunoreactive for (α1-ACT). All IBM muscle biopsies had characteristic cytoplasmic tubulo-filaments by electron microscopy. None of 17 control muscle biopsies contained the (α1-ACT) immunoreactive inclusions characteristic of IBM. In vacuolated muscle fibers, (α1-ACT) immunoreactive inclusions colocalized with β-amyloid protein and ubiquitin immunoreactivities. Our study provides the first demonstration of (α1-ACT) accumulations in abnormal human muscle, and it suggest that, as in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, (α1-ACT) may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBM.
Tuplex: robust, efficient analytics when Python rules

Spark became the defacto industry standard as an execution engine for data preparation, cleaning, distributed machine learning, streaming and, warehousing over raw data. However, with the success of Python the landscape is shifting again; there is a strong demand for tools which better integrate with the Python landscape and do not have the impedance mismatch like Spark. In this paper, we demonstrate Tuplex (short for tuples and exceptions), a Python-native data preparation framework that allows users to develop and deploy pipelines faster and more robustly while providing bare-metal execution times through code compilation whenever possible.
Correction to: Microbial Exchange via Fomites and Implications for Human Health

The article Microbial Exchange via Fomites and Implications for Human Health, written by Brent Stephens, Parham Azimi, Megan S. Thoemmes, Mohammad Heidarinejad, Joseph G. Allen, and Jack A. Gilbert, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal
A Cost-Minimization Analysis of Intraoperative Costs in Arthroscopic Bankart Repair, Open Latarjet, and Distal Tibial Allograft.

Background:The optimal surgical treatment of anterior shoulder instability remains controversial.Hypothesis:(1) Implants and facility-related costs are the primary drivers of variation in direct co...
Teaching, Practicing, and Performing Deliberative Democracy in the Classroom

Inspired by the Citizens Initiative Review Process in Oregon, Healthy Democracy, and the Living Voters Guide, this paper proposes that undergraduate educators should teach, practice, and perform deliberative democracy in the classroom. This paper will identify deliberation as a tool for resolving difficulties in current democratic practices and propose a specific classroom activity to teach deliberative skills. The sample undergraduate activity involves student research, local political leaders coming to speak and answer questions, and in-class deliberations. Using survey data collected from the students/participants, it was found that the activity had positive learning outcomes for students. Students reported feeling more knowledgeable and informed about the democratic process the ballot measure on which students deliberated (Missouri’s Proposition E from the 2012 election). Results also suggest that this activity allowed for students to learn about and gain confidence in argumentation, advocacy, deliberation, and democracy.
Relaxation of Extracellular Matrix Forces Directs Crypt Formation and Architecture in Intestinal Organoids

Intestinal organoid protocols rely on the use of extracellular scaffolds, typically Matrigel, and upon switching from growth to differentiation promoting media, a symmetry breaking event takes place. During this stage, the first bud like structures analogous to crypts protrude from the central body and differentiation ensues. While organoids provide unparalleled architectural and functional complexity, this sophistication is also responsible for the high variability and lack of reproducibility of uniform crypt-villus structures. If function follows form in organoids, such structural variability carries potential limitations for translational applications (e.g., drug screening). Consequently, there is interest in developing synthetic biomaterials to direct organoid growth and differentiation. It has been hypothesized that synthetic scaffold softening is necessary for crypt development, and these mechanical requirements raise the question, what compressive forces and subsequent relaxation are necessary for organoid maturation? To that end, allyl sulfide hydrogels are employed as a synthetic extracellular matrix mimic, but with photocleavable bonds that temporally regulate the material's bulk modulus. By varying the extent of matrix softening, it is demonstrated that crypt formation, size, and number per colony are functions of matrix softening. An understanding of the mechanical dependence of crypt architecture is necessary to instruct homogenous, reproducible organoids for clinical applications.
Brief Training on Medication-Assisted Treatment Improves Community Mental Health Clinicians' Confidence and Readiness to Address Substance Use Disorders.

Despite the availability and effectiveness of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for substance use disorders (SUDs), utilization of these medications remains suboptimal, especially in public sector settings. A key limitation is clinicians’ reluctance to include MAT in their routine practice due, in part, to low confidence about managing SUDs and limited awareness of the disease model of addiction. This study evaluates the impact of a 1-day MAT training for community mental health clinicians using a 30-item pre- and post-training questionnaire. Of the 109 clinicians who attended the training, 107 completed the pre- and post-training questionnaires. Factor analysis of the questionnaire identified two domains: readiness to address SUDs among patients (factor 1) and understanding SUDs as diseases (factor 2). Post training, there was a significant change in both factor 1 (p = .00001) and factor 2 (p = .00003), indicating that a brief MAT training can increase clinicians’ confidence and readiness to address SUDs and improve their understanding of the disease model of addiction.
Rationing of End-of-Life Care

There are well-educated providers, ethicist, and lawyers who continue to debate the ethicality of rationing end-of-life care. Those in support of rationing end-of-life care look at it through a uti...
EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION AND BIOMARKERS OF MYONECROSIS, INFLAMMATION AND VASOCONSTRICTION

Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between quantitative measures of myocardial perfusion (myocardial flow reserve [MFR] and stress myocardial blood flow [MBF]) and biomarkers of myonecrosis (high sensitivity troponin I [hsTnI]), vasoconstriction (endothelin-1[ET1]) and inflammation (
Catheter Ablation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock and Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia.

Background: There is paucity of data regarding radiofrequency ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with cardiogenic shock and concomitant VT refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs on m...
Qualitative Insights into Organic Food: Perceptions of Indian and U.S. Consumers: An Abstract

The organic movement has gained a lot of momentum in the last two decades and currently underlies a huge global market. Hand-in-hand with the growth in consumption of organic food around the world, academic research on organics has also made great strides. However, there seems to be a dearth of studies focusing on organic food consumption in emerging economies (Hughner et al. 2007). Specifically, it becomes important to understand and identify consumer perceptions regarding consumer behavior surrounding the concept of “organic” in emerging markets vis-a-vis developed economies. This paper takes a qualitative approach in order to better understand how people in India and the United States perceive organic products, along with the consumer behavior processes surrounding them. Four focus groups in total were conducted—two with American respondents separated into low and high involvement consumers; and, two with Indian respondents separated into low and high involvement consumers.
Directed evolution reveals the mechanism of HitRS signal transduction in Bacillus anthracis

Bacterial two component systems (TCSs) have been studied for decades; however, most work has focused on individual domains or proteins. Systematic characterization of an entire TCS could provide a mechanistic understanding of these important signal transduction systems. Here, genetic selections were employed to dissect the molecular basis of signal transduction by the HitRS system that has been implicated in detecting cell envelope stress in the pathogen Bacillus anthracis. Numerous point mutations were isolated within HitRS, 17 of which were in a 50-residue HAMP domain. Mutational analysis revealed the importance of hydrophobic interactions within the HAMP domain and highlighted its essentiality in TCS signaling. In addition, these data defined residues critical for activities intrinsic to HitRS, uncovered specific interactions among individual domains and between the two signaling proteins, and revealed that phosphotransfer is the rate-limiting step for signal transduction. This study establishes the use of unbiased genetic selections to study TCS signaling, provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of an entire TCS, and lays the foundation for development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics against this important infectious threat.
Incidence and outcomes of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary sequestration.

Abstract Background Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) has long been identified in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), however the reported incidence in the literature varies widely and is not based on large series. Methods Version 4 of the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CDHSG) included questions specifically identifying BPS-associated cases. The data were prospectively collected between 2015 and 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes for CDH+BPS patients were compared to patients without BPS using univariate and multiple regression analyses. Results Out of 2118 total patients, 72 had a pulmonary sequestration (3.4%). The amount of CDH+BPS with high-risk (CDHSG type C and D) defects was significantly greater than those without BPS (68.0% vs 49.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). The need for ECLS (35/72, 48.6%) and overall mortality (21/72, 29.2%) was significantly higher in CDH+BPS. When corrected for hernia size, cardiac and chromosomal anomalies, the need for ECLS (OR 2.2, p = 0.004) and mortality (OR 2.0, p = 0.015) was significantly greater in CDH+BPS. Conclusions This is the largest series to look at the incidence of BPS in children with CDH. They are associated with larger defect sizes, a greater need for ECLS and higher mortality than those patients without BPS.
How Often Do People Vote While Incarcerated? Evidence from Maine and Vermont

Recent debates about enfranchising incarcerated people raise the question of how many additional votes such policies would generate. Existing research finds very low voter participation among previ...
A Irrelevância da Filosofia Acadêmica Contemporânea para o Direito: Redescobrindo a Tradição Retórica

Este breve ensaio foi originalmente publicado como parte de uma obra em celebracao ao aniversario de 75 anos do artigo “On Philosophy in American Law” de Karl Llewellyn. Argumenta-se que a filosofia academica e irrelevante para os juristas e que os juristas possuem pouca relevância para a investigacao filosofica. Essa situacao pode ser corrigida pelo retorno aos aspectos retoricos e hermeneuticos da pratica juridica e pela recuperacao dessas antigas tradicoes do pensamento filosofico.
Konzepte zur professionellen Kundenintegration: Customer-Relationship-Management

CRM steht fur Customer-Relationship-Management, einem Organisationsmodell, das auf Kundenbindung, wirtschaftlicher Kundeninteraktion und damit auf Kundenprofitabilitat ausgerichtet ist. Mehr uber das CRM-Konzept in diesem Artikel, erganzt um ein konkretes Fallbeispiel.
Microwave ablation for colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and intermediate-term efficacy of percutaneous microwave (MW) ablation for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) at a single institution. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all CRLM treated with MW ablation from 3/2011 to 7/2020 (102 tumors; 72 procedures; 57 patients). Mean age was 60 years (range, 36-88) and mean tumor size was 1.8 cm (range, 0.5-5.0 cm). The patient population included 19 patients with extra-hepatic disease. Chemotherapy (pre- and/or post-ablation) was given in 98% of patients. Forty-five sessions were preceded by other focal CRLM treatments including resection, ablation, radiation, and radioembolization. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) and multivariate analysis (Cox Proportional Hazards model) was used to test predictors of OS. Results Technical success (complete ablation) was 100% and median follow-up was 42 months (range, 1-112). There was a 4% major complication rate and an overall complication rate of 8%. Local tumor progression (LTP) rate during the entire study period was 4/98 (4%), in which 2 were retreated with MW ablation for a secondary LTP-rate of 2%. LTP-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 93%, 58%, and 39% and median LTP-free survival was 48 months. OS at 1, 3, and 5 years was 96%, 66%, 47% and median OS was 52 months. There were no statistically significant predictors of OS. Conclusions MW ablation of hepatic colorectal liver metastases appears safe with excellent local tumor control and prolonged survival compared to historical controls in selected patients. Further comparative studies with other local treatment strategies appear indicated.
Employee Advocates: Unlocking Their Power Through Internal Communication

Despite the interest generated by employee advocacy among communications and marketing practitioners, it remains an understudied topic in the public relations literature. Hence, this chapter focused on identifying employee advocacy’s definition, importance, drivers, and relationship with internal communication. Employee advocacy can be understood as a verbal and nonverbal behavior driven by three factors: individual (e.g., job attitudes, person-organization fit, personality), group (e.g., leader-member relationship and group cohesion), and organizational (e.g., communication management, top management, and organizational culture). Given the importance of employee advocacy, the chapter looked at how internal communication can influence this behavior through corporate communication strategies and employee advocacy management factors.
Regulation of Tim-3 function by binding to phosphatidylserine

Tim-3 is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed on subsets of chronically stimulated CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, with more transient expression during acute activation and infection. Tim-3 is also constitutively expressed by multiple types of myeloid cells. Like other TIM family members, Tim-3 can bind to phosphatidylserine displayed by apoptotic cells, and this interaction has been shown to mediate uptake of such cells by dendritic cells and cross-presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells. In contrast, how the recognition of PS by Tim-3 might regulate the function of Tim-3+ T cells is not known. In their recent paper, Lemmon and colleagues demonstrate for the first time that recognition of PS by Tim-3 leads to enhanced T cell activation.
Bayesian Estimation of PLDA in the Presence of Noisy Training Labels, with Applications to Speaker Verification

This paper presents a Bayesian framework for estimating a Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) model in the presence of noisy labels. True class labels are interpreted as latent random variables, which are transmitted through a noisy channel, and received as observed speaker labels. The labeling process is modeled as a Discrete Memoryless Channel (DMC). PLDA hyperparameters are interpreted as random variables, and their joint posterior distribution is derived using mean-field Variational Bayes, allowing maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of the PLDA model parameters to be determined. The proposed solution, referred to as VB-MAP, is presented as a general framework, but is studied in the context of speaker verification, and a variety of use cases are discussed. Specifically, VB-MAP can be used for PLDA estimation with unreliable labels, unsupervised PLDA estimation, and to infer the reliability of a PLDA training set. Experimental results show the proposed approach to provide significant performance improvements on a variety of NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) tasks, both for data sets with simulated mislabels, and for data sets with naturally occurring missing or unreliable labels.
Algebraic Curves over Finite Fields

1. Algebraic curves and function fields 2. The Riemann-Roch theorem 3. Zeta functions 4. Applications to exponential sums and zeta functions 5. Applications to coding theory Bibliography.
Fracture of Coated Plates and Shells under Thermal Shock

The main interest in this study is in the subcritical crack propagation and fracture of coated materials under repeated thermal shock. First it is shown that the crack problem for a cylindrical shell may be approximated by a plate on an elastic foundation. Then the thermal shock problem for a layered plate supported by an elastic foundation and containing two cracks of arbitrary sizes and locations is considered.An additional factor studied is the effect of surface cooling rate on the stress intensity factors at the crack tips.
Beach Ridges as Favored Locales for Human Settlement on Pacific Islands

Coastal beach ridges have been favored locales for human habitations on Pacific islands since initial human settlement. Their smooth crests shaped by surf action form sandy substrates that differ in morphology from eolian dunes. Island beach ridges that were accreted to island cores during post-mid-Holocene drawdown in regional hydro-isostatic sea level include coastal spits that partially enclose backbeach wetlands, tombolos that tie previously separate islets together, and cheniers that form elongate elevated tracts on accretionary coastal plains. Some beach ridges were accreted directly to the flanks of bedrock islands, but others grew at varying distances from ancestral bedrock shorelines to trap remnants of offshore lagoons as lakes or swamps and marshes between the beach ridges and exposures of island bedrock. Composite chenier plains formed by the successive lateral accretion of multiple beach ridges over time are prominent locally as broad coastal lowlands. Longshore sand transport driven by prevailing trade winds influences beach ridge evolution but beach dynamics reflected by beach sand textures confirm the dominance of onshore sand movement from wave attack for the morphology of the beach ridges.
Nerve Growth Factor-induced Growth Arrest and Induction of p21 in NIH-3T3 Cells Expressing TrkA

Abstract Treatment of NIH-3T3 cells expressing human TrkA with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in a rapid cessation of growth. Cells stopped dividing within 24 h of NGF treatment and failed to divide as long as NGF was present, accumulating in the G1 stage of the cell cycle. NGF caused a prolonged activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase relative to EGF. NGF treatment of cells greatly increased levels of the p21 protein, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, without affecting levels of p27 or p16. Levels of p21remained elevated for at least 48 h following NGF addition. EGF had little effect on p21 expression in the same parental cells expressing the human EGF receptor. NGF treatment of cells completely inhibited the activity of the cyclin-dependent protein kinases CDK2 and CDK4. Inhibition correlated with a 10-20-fold increase in the amount of p21 complexed with CDK2 and CDK4. Levels of CDK2 and CDK4 were decreased following NGF treatment of cells; however, levels of cyclin E and cyclin D were increased. These data indicate that NGF can induce cell cycle arrest of NIH-3T3, perhaps through modulation of p21 levels. The data also show that distinct signals are generated by TrkA versus the EGF receptor in NIH-3T3 cells.
Fidelity of in vitro transcription of T3 deoxyribonucleic acid by bacteriophage T3-induced ribonucleic acid polymerase and by Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase.

Abstract The fidelity of in vitro transcription of bacteriophage T3 DNA by T3 RNA polymerase and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase have been studied by DNA-RNA hybridization-competition studies with regard to (a) asymmetry of transcription and (b) the region of the T3 DNA transcribed by either polymerase. RNA transcribed by T3 RNA polymerase hybridized exclusively with the H strand of T3 DNA—the only strand that is copied in vivo at all times following T3 phage infection. In contrast, RNA transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase hybridized with both the H and the L strands of T3 DNA, although a high proportion of RNA chains (g70%) hybridized with the H strand. Approximately 15 to 20% of RNA chains hybridized with the L strand, the strand that does not appear to be copied in vivo. The ratio of H to L strand copying by E. coli polymerase was unaltered by the presence of either excess σ or ρ factor or by changes in the ratio of polymerase to DNA in the reaction mixture. Competition-hybridization studies between RNA synthesized in vitro and RNA isolated after T3 phage infection indicate that RNA transcribed in vitro by T3 RNA polymerase contained all of the sequences present in late in vivo RNA. In addition, all sequences present in early in vivo RNA were also present in in vitro T3 RNA polymerase products. Thus, in vitro, T3 RNA polymerase transcribed the entire early and late regions of the T3 genome. RNA transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase contained all sequences present in early in vivo RNA. In addition, such in vitro RNA also contained nearly 50% of the sequences present in late in vivo RNA. In contrast, RNA transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase in the presence of termination factor ρ contained all of the sequences present in early in vivo RNA, but contained very few late RNA sequences. These results demonstrate that E. coli RNA polymerase, in the absence of ρ factor, can read through early termination signals to transcribe part of the late regions. The presence of ρ factor restricts E. coli RNA polymerase to copying primarily early regions. In agreement with the above results, it was observed that RNA synthesized either by T3 RNA polymerase or by E. coli RNA polymerase could direct in vitro synthesis of both early and late T3 phage-specific enzymes—S-adenosylmethionine-cleaving enzyme and lysozyme, respectively—in an in vitro protein-synthesizing system. When RNA transcribed by E. coli RNA polymerase in the presence of ρ factor was used as messenger, lysozyme synthesis was markedly depressed.
Radiated electric field measurements in U.S. Army helicopters

Aircraft systems and medical devices generate electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can cause faulty operation of aircraft systems or medical devices and endanger patients or aircraft crewmembers. A ground and inflight study was conducted to describe the electromagnetic fields in typical operations. Broadband isotropic field sensors measured electric fields from 5 kHz to 3 MHz, 3 to 500 MHz, and 0.5 MHz to 6 GHz. Fields were measured at 0.5 m space intervals in JOH-58A, JUH-1H, and JUH-60A helicopters with systems off, operating RPM, 5-ft hover, 50-ft hover, and cruise. Electric fields in the environment were homogeneous and less than 0.1 V/m. Fields in the helicopters increased during ascent, but remained less than 2 V/m except during radio transmissions. EMI effect of the Physio Control Lifepack 8 was demonstrated during FM radio transmission. The results are useful in evaluating electromagnetic emissions and predicting operations that may result in an inflight malfunction of a medical device or aircraft system.
Children's Attitudes towards Peers with Disabilities: Associations with Personal and Parental Factors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the following: (i) associations among children's prior contact with people with disabilities and the three dimensions of children's attitudes towards people with disabilities: children's understanding of and their feelings about people with disabilities and their behavioural intentions to make inclusion decisions; (ii) the relation between children's behavioural intentions to make inclusion decisions and the demands of activity contexts and the types of disabilities; and (iii) the association between parents' attitudes and children's attitudes. Participants included 94 typically developing four- and five-year-old preschoolers. Children's understanding of disabilities and their prior contact with people with disabilities were found to be positively related to their feelings about people with disabilities; children's understanding of disabilities was a significant moderator of the relation between their behavioural intentions and activity contexts or types of disabilities. The hypothesized association between parents' attitudes and children's attitudes was not significant. Preschoolers may benefit from having more regular contact with people with disabilities to develop positive feelings towards their peers with disabilities, which is also related to their understanding of disabilities. Children's behavioural intentions to make inclusion decisions need to be understood in relation to their understanding of disabilities, the demand of activity contexts, and types of disabilities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer engineering technology-a new option

A new curriculum option has been added to the EET (Electrical Engineering Technology) program with an emphasis on computers-CpET. This paper describes the rationale for initiating such an option and the lengthy process to establish the content and obtain approval. In addition to presenting the final curriculum, it discusses the impact the change has had on the regular EET program and suggests that a general increase in enrollment is due in part to the new option.
No-Drop Prosecution in Domestic Violence Cases: Survivor-Defined and Social Change Approaches to Victim Advocacy

The feminist debate on no-drop prosecution is long-standing. However, the ways liberal and radical feminist perspectives inform advocacy in applied settings are limited in the extant research. Drawing from interviews with 26 domestic violence (DV) victim advocates, the current study examines perspectives and practices of victim advocates in no-drop prosecution cases. Two predominate themes emerged—a survivor-defined approach to advocacy emphasizing the individual situations and choices of battered women, and a social change approach focusing on changing the social structures that tolerate violence against women. Findings indicated the relationship between such practices was complex, overlapping, and at times contradictory. While advocates generally supported no-drop prosecution with the goal of social change, survivor-defined approaches superseded social change efforts for a majority of advocates. Survivor-centered advocacy and no-drop prosecution at times conflicted with one another. Advocates described ...
The CORC experience: survey of founding libraries. Part I

This survey, conducted in late 1999, found that CORC founding libraries shared a strong interest in controlling Internet resources and finding ways to catalog such resources quickly. Many cataloged in MARC. Although only a small number of them experimented with Dublin Core, many of them wanted to explore its potential for organizing Internet resources. Other metadata schemes were also used by some libraries. Overall, the founding libraries considered their CORC experience positive, but had several concerns. Their experience suggests that more work is needed to make fast, automated cataloging a reality. Since the findings of this study reflect experience with CORC at the developmental stage, the researchers proposed that CORC usage be monitored to identify trends in organizing Internet resources. A survey of CORC subscribers could be conducted to understand usage patterns and guide CORC’s development and improvement.
THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCORTISONE ON THE WATER UPTAKE OF EMBRYONIC CHICK TIBIOTARSI IN ORGAN CULTURE.

Abstract The effect of very low concentrations of hydrocortisone has been studied on cartilaginous embryonic chick tibiotarsi in vitro. Concentrations of hydrocortisone in the range of 0.01 μg per ml of medium prevented the excessive, terminal waterlogging which is characteristic of embryonic bones in vitro. If hydrocortisone was added to the medium after several days of growth in vitro, there was little, if any, inhibition of growth by the tibiotarsi while waterlogging was prevented. This concentration of hydrocortisone did not affect the DNA content of the bones in vitro. Hydrocortisone suppressed the excessive hypertrophy of the diaphyseal chondrocytes. This suppression, probably mediated through a stabilizing effect on lysosomal membranes, prevented disruption of the cell and consequent destruction of the surrounding matrix.