cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of triphasic waves and alpha-coma pattern

The coexistence of triphasic waves and alpha-coma pattern in an EEG was observed in a 67-year-old comatose man following cardiopulmonary arrest, while his brain stem functions were intact. Although they may be diagnostically and prognostically significant, these EEG findings can be hard to recognize. These two distinct EEG patterns do not seem to be mutually exclusive.
β-Adrenergic agonist-induced long-lasting synaptic modifications in hippocampal dentate gyrus require activation of NMDA receptors, but not electrical activation of afferents

Abstract Isoproterenol induced long-lasting potentiation (LLP) of the medial perforant path-evoked excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) and long-lasting depression (LLD) of the lateral perforant path-evoked EPSP in the absence of perforant path activation. The NMDA receptor antagonist d -(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid [ d (−)APV] blocked the induction of LLP and LLD. After wash, a subsequent exposure to isoproterenol induced only LLP of medial perforant path EPSPs; LLD of lateral perforant path-evoked EPSPs did not occur. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that β-adrenergic agonist-induced synaptic modifications in the dentate gyrus arise from pre- and postsynaptic events.
Towards an objective assessment of the "maximal voluntary contraction" component in routine muscle strength measurements.

Routine measurements of muscle strength capabilities commonly use external dynamometers against which the subject exerts maximal voluntary contractions of muscles in static (isometric) tests. These tests require active cooperation of the subject, i.e., full motivation to “give the best”. At present, no practicable techniques exist that provide objective clues indicating that indeed a maximal effort is delivered, or if only a portion of the available strength is exerted. This paper describes experiments performed with 30 subjects which indicate that the rate of strength build-up in repeated exertions may provide objective criteria to judge whether or not a subject exerts full muscular strength in a routine test.
Three-Layer Dielectric Stripline Filter For Guided-Wave Applications

A novel wavelength filtering mechanism in a three-layer dielectric stripline structure is described. The waveguide consists of two high-index layers separated by a low-index layer in which the fields are evanescent perpendicular to the layer surfaces. The stripline is defined by a local extremum in the thickness of the middle, low-index layer. The analysis shows that upper or lower wavelength limits for propagation along the stripline can be set by proper choice of the thicknesses of the two high-index layers, if all layer refractive indices are specified. Outside these limits, the modes arc contained in the direction perpendicular to the layer surfaces, but are leaky in the direction parallel to them. The wavelength filtering mechanism is explained in terms of the wavelength dependence of the mode profile within and without the stripline. In this three-layer structure, for a particular mode, there is a critical wavelength for which the dependence of propagation constant on the thickness of the middle layer vanishes. At this wavelength, the mode does not see the stripline at all. On one side of this critical wavelength the effective index is at a local maximum along the stripline axis, while on the other it is at a local minimum. In the former case the structure acts as a dielectric stripline waveguide, containing the mode near the axis, while in the latter case the mode leaks away parallel to the layer surfaces. The structure gives sharp cutoffs in the transmittance vs. wavelength, with none of the oscillations beyond cutoff characteristic of distributed Bragg reflection filters.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions in School Settings: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Interest in contemplative science, particularly the use of mindfulness-based practices, has expanded rapidly in recent years. This special issue of Research in Human Development explores the potential effectiveness of mindfulness-based practices delivered in school settings. Articles included in this issue demonstrate how mindfulness can be used to help to improve student-teacher relationships, reduce ADHD symptomology, promote emotion regulation, and reduce stress among school-age youth. A final reflective commentary by Roeser (this issue) describes how study findings fit within the larger context of the contemplative sciences movement, followed by suggestions for future research.
Carcinoma of prostate presenting as symptomatic abdominal mass

Abstract We report on a patient with a chief complaint of a tender mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The mass proved to be due to pelvic lymph node metastases from prostatic cancer. This case report emphasizes that a symptomatic abdominal mass alone can be regarded as a not unexpected part of the natural history of cancer of the prostate.
Inositol phosphate biochemistry.

PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 C ONVENTIONAL PHOSPHA TIDYLIN OSITOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 PHOSPHOLIPASE C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 227 ACTIVATION Of PHOSPHOLIPASE C BY GaQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 227 ACTIVATI ON OF PLCy BY TYR OSINE PHOSPHORYLATI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATE 5-PHOSPHATASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1 INS ( 1 ,4,5)P3 3·KINASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATE I·PHOSPHATASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 INOSITOL POLYPHOSPHATE 4·PHOSPHATASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 INOSITOL P OLYPHOSPHATE 3·PHOSPHATASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 INOSITOL M ON OPHOSP HATA SE . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 236 INOSITOL ( 1 :2 CYCLIC) PHOSPHATE 2 PHOSPHOHYDROLASE AND IN OSITOL CYCLIC PHOSPHATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 OTHER ENZYMES OF IN OSITOL PHOSPHATE METAB OLISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 IN OSITOL PENTAPHOSPHATE AN D HE XAPHOSPHATE METAB OLISM . . . . . . . . . . 238 IN OSITOL PHOSPHATE-BIN DIN G PROTEINS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3·PHOSPHATE PATHWAy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
The Role of Gender and Gender Role Similarity in Readers' Identification with Story Characters.

This study tested the hypothesis that adult readers would identify with story characters who display a similar gender role orientation. Male and female readers rated their identification with male and female characters who acted in either a masculine or feminine manner in short story vignettes. The primary finding was an interaction between gender role of reader and gender role behavior of character: as predicted, androgynous and undifferentiated readers identified equally with both masculine and feminine characters, masculine readers identified more strongly with masculine characters than feminine characters, and feminine readers identified more strongly with feminine characters than masculine characters. Further, androgynous readers identified somewhat more strongly with both types of characters than undifferentiated readers. However, the predicted effect of gender similarity between reader and character did not exert a strong influence on the identification process. In addition, feminine subjects reported greater identification across all four stories than masculine and undifferentiated subjects. Finally, of three questionnaire measures of empathy tested, only Davis's (1983) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Empathic Concern subscale) significantly predicted general level of identification; as expected, these scores were significantly correlated with femininity gender role scores.
Appraisal of parallel processing research at ICOT

Abstract A major goal of the Fifth Generation Computer Systems project was the development of high-performance multiprocessors for symbolic applications. The key technologies envisioned as critical were fine-grain concurrent languages and custom microprocessors for directly executing those languages. In contrast to this top-down design approach were most other research laboratories, concentrating on further refining scalable architectures by speeding up communication. One main evolutionary trend was towards threaded architectures that supported latency hiding by fast task switching and low-cost message passing. This article attempts to compare these top-down and bottom-up approaches.
Volume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy: Do myomas really grow?

Abstract Study objective To estimate changes in uterine myoma volume during pregnancy. Design Review of departmental electronic perinatal database and medical records. Canadian Task Force Classification II-3. Setting Obstetrical ultrasound unit in an academic tertiary care center. Patients One hundred-seven patients diagnosed with uterine myomas during pregnancy and who had two or more obstetrical ultrasounds in different periods of pregnancy. Interventions We analyzed the change in volume of uterine myomas between the first half of pregnancy (up until 19 weeks), third quarter (20–30 weeks), and last quarter (31 weeks to term). The volume of largest uterine myoma was calculated using the formula Volume (mm3) = Π/6 × (length mm) × (width mm) × (height mm). Measurements and main results The mean age of the population was 31 ± 6 years. Between the first and the second study periods, the percentage of uterine myomas that decreased in size was 55.1% (95% CI: 43–66), with a mean decrease in volume of 35% ± 4%; while the percentage of uterine myomas that enlarged was 44.9% (95% CI: 34–56), with a mean increase in volume of 69% ± 11%. Between the second and the third study periods, 75% (95% CI: 56–87) became smaller, with a mean decrease in volume of 30% ± 3%; while 25% (95% CI: 13–43) enlarged, with a mean increase in volume of 102% ± 62%. Conclusion Contrary to common belief, we found that uterine myomas commonly decrease in volume over the course of pregnancy.
The Impact of Family Assets and Debt on College Graduation

Abstract This study examines the influence of family financial assets and debt, both measured during the time of youth's college enrollment, on the chances of college graduation. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Results from analyses controlling for a number of student, parental, and institutional characteristics indicate that family assets are positively related to the chances of college graduation among White and Black students; family debt is negatively associated with the odds of college graduation among Black students, but neither family assets nor family debt is related to the chances of college graduation among Hispanic students. Overall, results indicate that family assets and debt explain a small portion of racial/ethnic gaps in college graduation. Policy implications are considered.
Generation of 1-37 and 1-38 forms of adrenocorticotropin by mono- and dipeptidyl serine carboxypeptidase activities in bovine pituitary secretory vesicles.

ACTH is a 39-amino acid peptide synthesized in the pituitary as part of the precursor molecule, POMC. Analysis of bovine anterior pituitary homogenates and secretory vesicles revealed that in addition to ACTH-(1-39), ACTH-(1-37) and ACTH-(1-38) were also present in the lobe, indicating that carboxyl-terminal processing of ACTH-(1-39) occurred in vivo. Mono- and dipe;tidyl carboxypeptidase activities that cleaved ACTH-(1-39) were detected in bovine intermediate and anterior pituitary secretory vesicle membranes and characterized. The dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity liberated ACTH-(1-37) and the dipeptide, Glu-Phe, and the monocarboxypeptidase activity generated, to a smaller extent, ACTH-(1-38) and phenylalanine from ACTH-(1-39). Kinetic studies indicated that the formation of ACTH-(1-37) occurred within minutes, whereas the formation of ACTH-(1-38) occurred within hours. Both enzymatic activities had a pH optimum of 5.5 and a Km of 14-18 microM for ACTH-(1-39), and were inhibited by serine and some t...
Load distribution in extension saddle partial dentures

Abstract Various methods of partial denture construction have been discussed in relation to equalizing the tooth and soft tissue support. Three definite requirements have been stated which are necessary for obtaining optimum load distribution to the supporting structures. A method has been described which gives results that seem to fulfill these requirements.
Vascular depression: an early warning sign of frailty.

Objectives: Frailty is a common geriatric disorder associated with activities of daily living (ADL) impairment, hospitalization, and death. Phenomenological evidence suggests that late-life depression (Katz, 2004), particularly vascular depression, may be a risk factor for frailty. This study tests that hypothesis. Methods: We identified a sample of stroke-free women over the age of 80 from the Health and Retirement Survey. The sample included 984 respondents in 2000 (incidence sample). Of these, 459 were non-frail at baseline and still alive in 2004 (prevalence sample). Frail respondents experienced at least three of the following: wasting, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and falls. Vascular depression was represented using two dummy variables. The first represented respondents with either high cerebrovascular burden (CVB; at least two cerebrovascular risk factors) or probable depression (score ≥3 on the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)), and the second represented respo...
Continuous tuning of a color-center laser between 2 and 4 microm.

Efficient laser action is reported for the (F2+)A center in KI with tunability now extending from 2.38 to 3.99 μm. For the F2+ and (F2+)A centers coexisting in KI, the combined lasing range is 1.98–3.85 μm. The 1.73-μm line of a pulsed Er:YLF laser pumped both centers simultaneously.
Effect of Extrusion Temperature on Solubility and Molecular Weight Distribution of Wheat Flour Proteins

To study the molecular mechanism of protein interactions during extrusion processing, the changes in molecular weight distribution and quantity of soluble proteins in wheat extrudates as affected by extrusion temperature were investigated. Wheat flour was extruded at die temperatures of 160, 170, and 185 °C. After extrusion, the solubility of wheat proteins decreased dramatically in all tested solvents [water, 0.01 M sodium hydroxide, 0.5 M sodium chloride, 70% ethanol, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0 and 8.0), 6 M urea, 1% SDS, 2% mercaptoethanol] except for an aqueous solvent containing 1% SDS and 2% 2-mercaptoethanol, in which they were almost completely soluble. In the soluble-protein fractions of the extrudates, the content of disulfide bonds decreased dramatically and the content of sulfhydryl groups varied slightly. Both aggregation and fragmentation of wheat proteins occurred during extrusion processing as indicated by SDS−PAGE analysis. The synergistic effect betwe...
The adrenal: A new target organ of the calciotropic hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were demonstrated in the adrenal medulla by frozen-section autoradiography. The appearance of these target cells was age-dependent in neonatal mice. Immunocytochemical staining for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase revealed that both epinephrine and non-epinephrine cells concentrate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in their nuclei. In contrast, immunocytochemical staining for “vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein” (D-CaBP) demonstrated that D-CaBP immunoreactivity is localized in only a small percentage of adrenomedullary cells, in mice and rats. Comparison of PNMT and D-CaBP immunoreactivities in sequential sections showed that epinephrine-producing cells do not contain D-CaBP. These results indicate that adrenal medullary cells have receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may directly affect certain functions of these endocrine cells.
Oculodento-osseous dysplasia syndrome.

Abstract A case of oculodento-osseous dysplasia syndrome is presented. A review of the family history revealed other members with varying degrees of the syndrome.
Reliability and validity of a transverse horizontal axis location instrument

Previous studies have demonstrated a relatively accurate location of the transverse horizontal axis (THA) with several different instrument systems. This study statistically evaluated the reliability and validity of an instrument used to locate a known THA on a mannequin. Three experienced prosthodontists were the subjects. Each operator used 15 mm of interincisal arc to locate the THA. The mandibular stylus was aligned by the investigator with the known horizontal axis. The vertical microdot flags were positioned so the stylus was over a known coordinate and were repositioned so the operator could attempt to locate the axis. The known coordinates were varied with each of four trials. Subjects No. 1 and 3 demonstrated the best coefficient of reliability, 0.25. The 95% confidence interval for linear deviation from the known was 0.44 +/- 0.10 mm on the right side and 0.97 +/- 0.10 mm on the left side. These confidence intervals did not include zero. A statistically better result was achieved on the right side compared with the left side (F1,3 = 131.24, p = 0.0014). The results of this study indicate that a random error factor of 0.3 to 1.2 mm can be expected when this instrument system is used clinically.
A computer-aided GTO model for power electronic circuit design

A model is presented of the gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO), which can be matched to measured data and incorporated in the SPICE computer-aided-analysis program. The model consists of a circuit containing two transistors and three resistors, which is the circuit configuration need to simulate the S-type negative-differential-resistance (NDR) I-V characteristics of the GTO. The authors give a method for selecting the resistors and transistor parameter in order to achieve a specified forward breakover voltage, holding current, and turn-off gain. Examples of the SPICE-generated static and dynamic performance are given. >
A new perspective on trait differences between native and invasive exotic plants

Functional differences between native and exotic species potentially constitute one factor responsible for plant invasion. Differences in trait values between native and exotic invasive species, however, should not be considered fixed and may depend on the context of the comparison. Furthermore, the magnitude of difference between native and exotic species necessary to trigger invasion is unknown. We propose a criterion that differences in trait values between a native and exotic invasive species must be greater than differences between co-occurring natives for this difference to be ecologically meaningful and a contributing factor to plant invasion. We used a meta-analysis to quantify the difference between native and exotic invasive species for various traits examined in previous studies and compared this value to differences among native species reported in the same studies. The effect size between native and exotic invasive species was similar to the effect size between co-occurring natives except for studies conducted in the field; in most instances, our criterion was not met although overall differences between native and exotic invasive species were slightly larger than differences between natives. Consequently, trait differences may be important in certain contexts, but other mechanisms of invasion are likely more important in most cases. We suggest that using trait values as predictors of invasion will be challenging.
Mutual Interference Between Statistical Summary Perception and Statistical Learning

The visual system is an efficient statistician, extracting statistical summaries over sets of objects (statistical summary perception) and statistical regularities among individual objects (statistical learning). Although these two kinds of statistical processing have been studied extensively in isolation, their relationship is not yet understood. We first examined how statistical summary perception influences statistical learning by manipulating the task that participants performed over sets of objects containing statistical regularities (Experiment 1). Participants who performed a summary task showed no statistical learning of the regularities, whereas those who performed control tasks showed robust learning. We then examined how statistical learning influences statistical summary perception by manipulating whether the sets being summarized contained regularities (Experiment 2) and whether such regularities had already been learned (Experiment 3). The accuracy of summary judgments improved when regulari...
Global Neurodynamics and Deep Brain Stimulation

The study of coma and brain death necessarily involve the study of consciousness. A taxonomy of conscious states, and their correlation to the clinical conditions of persistent vegetative state, hyperkinetic mutism, delirium and akinetic mutism is currently lacking (see Watt and Pincus for a preliminary effort).1 The neurobiological mechanisms and processes underlying conscious states are just now becoming better understood, and emerging technologies (electrical, magnetic, and chemical modulation) may help us to better understand the origins of consciousness, as well as enhance the consciousness of severely impaired or comatose patients.
Impairment of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct formation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin

Reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) are generated in the myocardium in cardiac disease. 4HNE and other toxic aldehydes form adducts with proteins, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize toxic aldehydes such as 4HNE into nontoxic metabolites. Both ALDH levels and activity are reduced in cardiac disease. We examined whether reduced ALDH2 activity contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). These mice exhibited most of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM): increased blood glucose levels depicting hyperglycemia (415.2 ± 18.7 mg/dL vs. 265.2 ± 7.6 mg/dL; P < 0.05), glucose intolerance with normal plasma insulin levels, suggesting insulin resistance and obesity as evident from increased weight (44 ± 3.1 vs. 34.50 ± 1.32 g; P < 0.05) and body fat. Myocardial ALDH2 activity was 60% lower in these mice (0.1 ± 0.012 vs. 0.04 ± 0.015 µmol/min/mg protein; P < 0.05). Myocardial 4HNE levels were also elevated in the hyperglycemic hearts. Co-immunoprecipitation study showed that 4HNE formed adducts on myocardial ALDH2 protein in the mice exhibiting metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM, and they had obvious cardiac hypertrophy compared with controls as evident from increased heart weight (HW), HW to tibial length ratio, left ventricular (LV) mass and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was correlated inversely with ALDH2 activity (R (2 )= 0.7; P < 0.05). Finally, cardiac dysfunction was observed in mice with metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM. Therefore, we conclude that reduced ALDH2 activity may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice presenting with some of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM when on a high-fat diet and low-dose STZ injection.
Specificity of Neurotensin Metabolism by Regional Rat Brain Slices

Regional differences in neurotensin metabolism and the peptidases involved were studied using intact, viable rat brain microslices and specific peptidase inhibitors. Regional brain slices (2 mm x 230 microns) prepared from nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, and hippocampus were incubated for 2 h in the absence and presence of phosphoramidon, captopril, N-[1(R,S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate, and o-Phenanthroline, which are inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase 24.11, angiotensin-converting enzyme, metalloendopeptidase 24.15, and nonspecific metallopeptidases, respectively. Neurotensin-degrading proteolytic activity varied by brain region. Significantly less (35.0 +/- 1.6%) neurotensin was lost from hippocampus than from caudate-putamen (45.4 +/- 1.0%) or nucleus accumbens (47.8 +/- 1.1%) in the absence of inhibitors. Peptidases responsible for neurotensin metabolism on brain slices were found to be predominantly metallopeptidases. Metalloendopeptidase 24.15 is of major importance in neurotensin metabolism in each brain region studied. The relative contribution of specific peptidases to neurotensin metabolism also varied by brain region; angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 activities were markedly elevated in the caudate-putamen as compared with the nucleus accumbens or hippocampus. Interregional variation in the activity of specific peptidases leads to altered neurotensin fragment formation. The brain microslice technique makes feasible regional peptide metabolism studies in the CNS, which are impractical with synaptosomes, and provides evidence for regional specificity of neurotensin degradation.
Saddle-node dynamics for edge detection

We demonstrate how the formulation of a nonlinear scale-space filter can be used for edge detection and junction analysis. By casting edge-preserving filtering in terms of maximizing information content subject to an average cost function, the computed cost at each pixel location becomes a local measure of edgeness. This computation depends on a single scale parameter and the given image data. Unlike previous approaches which require careful tuning of the filter kernels for various types of edges, our scheme is general enough to be able to handle different edges, such as lines, step edges, corners and junctions. Anisotropy in the data is handled automatically by the nonlinear dynamics. >
Towards a Specific Theory of Task-Technology Fit for Mobile Information Systems

Mobile information systems hold great potential to support organizational processes. This paper addresses how to realize that potential, the issues involved, the challenges to overcome, and accordingly, the effective strategy to deploy. Based on Goodhue and Thompson’s (1995) general theory of task-technology fit and on Zigurs and Buckland’s (1998) specific theory for task-technology fit for group support systems, we propose a specific theory of task-technology fit for mobile information systems. Task-technology fit is determined as a three-way match between the profiles of managerial tasks (operationalized by difficulty, interdependence and time-criticality), mobile information systems (operationalized by functionality as notification, com-munication, information access, and data processing; form factors; and location-awareness), and individual use context (operationalized by distraction, movement, quality of network connection, and previous experience). The analysis shows that use situations characterized by high distrac-tion and poor quality of network connection are particularly challenging for the design and de-velopment of mobile information systems, requiring special attention to form factors (intuitive user interfaces and simple menu structures), and verification features.
Symmetry and quasi‐symmetry: An example in modelling pairs of sounds from children's early speech

The models of symmetry and quasi-symmetry may have use in the analysis of categorical data in square tables where the row and column classifications are the same. Under the model of symmetry, the probability that an observation falls in, say, the (i,j) cell of a square table is the same as the probability that it falls in the (j,i) cell. The model of symmetry requires that the expected marginal total for any one row of the table be the same as the expected marginal total for the corresponding column. The model of quasi-symmetry, which is a generalization of the model of symmetry, does not require this equality of expected row and column totals. In this paper, we illustrate the use of the models of symmetry and quasi-symmetry in the analysis of categorical data that summarize pairs of sounds in infants' and toddlers' early utterances. In the past, the complexity of infants' early vocalizations has been difficult to measure because of a lack of methods to quantify prelinguistic phonetic variables. We use the models of symmetry and quasi-symmetry as a first attempt to quantify the complexity of infants' early speech. We hope that the discovery of models appropriate for quantification of language development in normal children will have later use in identification of children at risk for communicative disorders.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy)-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments Depend on the Age of Exposure during Early Development

Use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) has increased dramatically in recent years, yet little is known about its effects on the developing brain. Neonatal rats were administered MDMA on days 1–10 or 11–20 (analogous to early and late human third trimester brain development). MDMA exposure had no effect on survival but did affect body weight gain during treatment. After treatment, body weight largely recovered to 90–95% of controls. MDMA exposure on days 11–20 resulted in dose-related impairments of sequential learning and spatial learning and memory, whereas neonatal rats exposed on days 1–10 showed almost no effects. At neither stage of exposure did MDMA-treated offspring show effects on swimming ability or cued learning. Brain region-specific dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine changes were small and were not correlated to learning changes. These findings suggest that MDMA may pose a previously unrecognized risk to the developing brain by inducing long-term deleterious effects on learning and memory.
Among All These Dreamers: Essays on Dreaming and Modem Society

Among All These Dreamers: Essays on Dreaming and Modem Society. Kelly Bulkeley. ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. 259 pp.
Invariant features for 3-D gesture recognition

Ten different feature vectors are tested in a gesture recognition task which utilizes 3D data gathered in real-time from stereo video cameras, and HMMs for learning and recognition of gestures. Results indicate velocity features are superior to positional features, and partial rotational invariance is sufficient for good performance.
Relapse After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Therapy

Disease relapse remains a major cause of mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Over the past decade, our understanding of the biology underlying the graft-versus-tumor/leukemia (GVT) effect has increased greatly; however, several other factors affect the occurrence and outcome of relapse, including conditioning regimen, type of allograft, and the histology, status, and sensitivity to chemotherapy of the disease being treated. The mainstay of relapse treatment is donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), but the efficacy of DLI is quite variable depending on disease histology and state. As such, there is a significant need for novel therapies and strategies for relapse following allogeneic HCT, particularly in patients for whom DLI is not an option. The National Cancer Institute is sponsoring an international workshop to address issues and research questions relative to the biology, natural history, prevention, and treatment of relapse following allogeneic HCT.
NUMERICAL INVISCID ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR AIRFOIL RESPONSE TO IMPINGING HIGH-INTENSITY HIGH-FREQUENCY GUST

The paper extends the previous nonlinear inviscid analysis of an airfoil response to a finite-amplitude vortical gust, to higher reduced frequencies. The study, aimed at investigating the limits of validity for conventional (linear) unsteady aerodynamic and aeroacoustic analyses, is implemented by applying a nonlinear high-order prefactored compact code. The unsteady response of cambered, loaded Joukowski airfoil is examined in the parametric space of gust frequency and amplitude.
China in Latin America: Law, Economics, and Sustainable Development (China en América Latina: Derecho, Economía y Desarrollo Sostenible)

The growing economic and political ties between China and Latin America have sparked controversy among scholars, pundits, and policy-makers. Some scholars contend that China is a rising imperial power engaged in a scramble for the resources of the developing world and a competitive threat to Latin America. Others applaud China’s unorthodox development strategies and portray China as a successful model for developing countries. This paper interrogates the competing narratives about China’s growing influence in Latin America and examines the implications of China’s rise for the future of international economic law and international environmental law. Los crecientes vinculos economicos y politicos entre China y America Latina han desatado controversias entre academicos, eruditos en la materia, y personas encargadas de elaborar politicas. Algunos academicos afirman que China es una potencia imperial emergente, comprometida en la lucha por obtener los recursos del mundo en desarrollo, y una amenaza competitiva para America Latina. Otros aplauden las estrategias de desarrollo chinas, pragmaticas y poco ortodoxas, y las describen como un modelo exitoso para los paises en desarrollo. El presente articulo pone en duda las narratives predominantes sobre la cresciente influencia de China en America Latina, e interroga las implicaciones del surgimiento de China para el futuro del derecho economico internacional y del derecho ambiental internacional.
Practice Pattern Variation in the Care of Children With Acute Asthma.

Objectives Pediatric asthma is a highly prevalent disease, affecting over 7 million U.S. children and accounting for 750,000 annual emergency department (ED) visits. Guidelines from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program recommend limited use of chest radiography (CXR), complete blood counts (CBCs), and antibiotics when managing acute exacerbations of asthma. However, studies suggest frequent overutilization of these resources. The objective was to evaluate differences between pediatric and general EDs in rates of CXRs, CBCs, and use of antibiotics for pediatric asthma exacerbations. Methods This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2000 through 2010 of CXR, CBCs, and antibiotics during ED visits for pediatric acute asthma exacerbations. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify differences in asthma management by ED type (pediatric vs. general) after adjusting for demographic covariates. Results There were 3,313 observations, representing an estimated 10.9 million (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.7 to 12.1 million) ED visits for acute asthma without bacterial coinfection. Of these, 17.4% occurred in pediatric EDs. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that visits to pediatric EDs were less likely to include CXRs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.60), CBCs (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.80), and antibiotics (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.82) after adjustment for race/ethnicity, triage level, academic ED, metropolitan statistical area, and geographic region. Conclusions There are substantial differences in diagnostic testing and antibiotic usage for management of acute exacerbations of asthma by ED type, suggesting potential resource overuse in general EDs. Future studies should focus on evaluating the effect of quality improvement efforts for ED asthma management.
Cerebral Lupus Erythematosus

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can be separated into primary events [neuropsychiatric lupus (NL)] resulting directly from immune-mediated injury to the CNS and secondary events resulting from disease in other organs and/or complications of therapy.
Public speaking as cultural ideal: Internationalizing the public speaking curriculum

ABSTRACTInstitutes of higher education around the world respond to the challenge of globalization by internationalizing their curricula. We argue that adding an element of cultural reflection to curriculum design is an important step toward internationalization. We use ethnographic analysis to highlight the cultural gap between Anglo-American and non-Anglo interpretations of public speaking. We begin by reconstructing the Anglo cultural ideal of public speaking from a historical overview of the evolution of the public speaking textbook (Sproule, J.M. [2012]. Inventing public speaking: Rhetoric and the speech book, 1730–1930. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 15, 563–608.). Then, we review alternative cultural models of public speaking. Finally, we identify directions for future research and curriculum design.
Guns, Crime Control, and a Systemic Approach to Federal Sentencing

Recent scholarship about the role of sentencing reform in reducing high levels of incarceration has focused on evidence-based, offender-specific solutions, such as how to better assess offenders’ risk of recidivism and their amenability to diversionary programs. This Article proposes a new, systemic approach. In particular, it suggests that in cases where the primary rationale for steep sentences is crime reduction, as opposed to retributive notions of harm and blameworthiness, judges ought to engage in an evidence-based examination of how the government is making “use” of the sentences it seeks in its law enforcement efforts. And where the government’s efforts fall short, so too should the sentences. The proposal would not only result in more rational and just sentences, it also has the potential to enhance public safety.Although law enforcement and prosecutorial strategy have conventionally been viewed as the exclusive territory of the Executive Branch, this Article contends that judges are in fact appropriate and competent institutional actors to examine them. This Article explores these issues in the context of the federal government’s most formal and direct intervention into the prosecution of street crime, Projects “Triggerlock” and “Safe Neighborhoods,” which, in the name of crime control, have resulted in a ten-fold increase in the number of federal “felon-in-possession” prisoners over the past twenty years.
Co-adjoint orbits of the generalised S1(2), S1(3) KdV hierarchies

Abstract In this paper we develop two co-adjoint orbit constructions for the phase spaces of the generalised Sl(2) and Sl(3) KdV hierarchies. This involves the construction of two group actions in terms of Yang-Baxter operators, and a hamiltonian reduction of the co-adjoint orbits. The Poisson brackets are reproduced by the Kirillov construction. From this construction we obtain a “natural” gauge fixing proceedure for the generalised hierarchies.
A Closed-Loop Flight Control Experiment using Active Flow Control Actuators

Closed-loop pitch control on a moving 1-DOF wing model is investigated in wind tunnel experiments. The model's attitude is controlled over a broad range of angles of attack when the baseline flow is fully attached using bi-directional pitching moment that is effected by flow-controlled trapped vorticity concentrations on the pressure and suction surfaces near the trailing edge. In the present work, the model is trimmed using a position feedback loop and a servomotor actuator. Once the model is trimmed, the position feedback loop is opened and the servomotor acts like an inner loop control to alter the dynamic characteristics and to introduce disturbances. Position control of the model is achieved by the flow control actuation using an arbitrary reference model based adaptive outer loop controller. The control architecture employs a neural network based adaptive element that permits adaptation to both parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics.
Longitudinal assessment of MRI in hip osteoarthritis using SHOMRI and correlation with clinical progression

Abstract Purpose To assess the evolution of MR imaging findings in normal volunteers and subjects with hip osteoarthritis (OA) over 1.5 years described by the semi-quantitative Scoring Hip OA with MRI (SHOMRI) scoring system and their correlation with the evolution of clinical parameters. Materials and methods Hip MRI studies of 18 subjects with [Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) score=2/3; mean age=54.4 ± 11.2 years; 27.8% women] and 36 controls without radiographic OA [KL = 0/1; mean age=43.7 ± 12.8 years; 50.0% women] were assessed at baseline and after 1.5 years by using SHOMRI, and their clinical status was evaluated by using Harris Hip Score and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). Imaging and clinical parameters at baseline and their change over time were compared between groups using Mann–Whitney U and Fisher׳s exact tests. Spearman׳s rank correlations and generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and KL were used to assess associations between imaging and clinical findings. Results At baseline, OA subjects had significantly higher SHOMRI total scores than controls [median (IQR): 12.5 (6–19.5) vs. 7 (4–13.5); p = 0.024]. Over 1.5 years, only the progression rate of subchondral cysts was significantly higher in OA subjects than in controls (16.7% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.033), while no significant differences were found for any of the other SHOMRI subscales. Baseline bone-marrow edema pattern (BMEP) was significantly associated with worsening pain (HOOS subscale; p = 0.018) and hip-related quality of life (HOOS subscale; p = 0.044). Progression of subchondral cysts was significantly associated with worsening symptoms other than pain (HOOS subscale, p = 0.030). Baseline KL did not significantly correlate with worsening of any clinical symptoms (each, p > 0.05). Conclusion In this relatively young study population without or with mild to moderate radiographic hip OA, only minimal differences were found between groups regarding the progression of hip abnormalities as assessed by SHOMRI over 1.5 years. However, BMEP predicted clinical worsening and subchondral cyst progression was associated with worsening symptoms. Although longer follow-up periods are required, this suggests that SHOMRI is a useful tool to monitor hip abnormalities and their progression longitudinally.
RESEARCH OF LEAKING CAUSED BY CORROSION OF EXPANSION JOINT OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER

In order to characterize the leakage failur of an expansion joint of 0Cr18Ni9 austenite stainless steel for a current transformer by a power station,chemical analysis,metallography,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractormeter are used to examme the chemical composition and microstructure of the materials near by the leakage as well as that of the sound place.On the basis of the experiments,the cause of the leakage for 0Cr18Ni9 austenite stainless steel expansion joint is investigated.The results indicate that the failure is due to pitting corrosion caused by the external environment.The surface discontinuity of the expansion joint,the moist environment containing hamful elements such as S and Cl are mainly responsible to the pitting corrosion.
Use of the fascial sling for neurogenic incontinence : lessons learned

AbstractExperience using the fascial sling to manage incontinence in 10 patients with a neurogenic bladder is described. The sling was constructed from rectus abdominus fascia in the first 5 cases. Because of 2 sequential failures attributed to inadequacy of the fascial material fascia lata was used in the last 5 cases. Six patients underwent bladder augmentation concomitant with sling construction.Of the 10 patients 9 were perfectly dry immediately after surgery, although with longer followup several patients became wet. The source of the fascial material used to make the sling did not affect the long-term outcome. Of the 6 patients who underwent augmentation at the time of sling construction 4 remain dry at long-term followup. On the other hand, only 1 of the 4 patients who did not undergo augmentation when the sling was positioned had a good long-term result. Erosion of the fascial sling was suspected in 3 patients who had difficulty with catheterization after surgery. Three patients required bladder a...
Westward intensification of surface currents

All the great civilizations of the past arose in lands protected from the cold, the eternal foe of life. It is true that more recent European civilization originated on a continent less endowed with the warmth of the Sun, but it, too, seemed to be protected from the pernicious breath of the north by an invisible friendly hand. Since time immemorial, a mysterious force has twisted the air over the Atlantic Ocean into huge eddies — cyclones that have brought warmth and life giving moisture to the continent. On their way over Europe, cyclones have driven the biting frost and the searing heat deep into the interior of the Asian continent. For centuries, Europeans had no idea of the source of their mellow climate, and it was only after the beginning of the exploration of America that they met their benefactor face to face. It was the Gulf Stream — the powerful warm current that cuts across the North Atlantic from south-west to north-east.
[A brief summary of the work done in carrying out > by the supervision departments for medical devices].

Based on the deeper understanding of >, the paper summarizes a year's work done by the departments of supervision and administration for medical devices in regard to carrying out > and the effect it has produced. Besides, I am here to say a few words about my personal experiences, and some problems remaining to be resolved for us.
The Phosphorylation of the Microtubule-Associated Tau Proteins

Extracellular signals, including a variety of neurotransmitters and hormones produce diverse physiological responses in neurons but until recently, little was known about the molecular mechanims that underlie these responses. There is now considerable evidence indicating that protein phosphorylation plays an important role in neuronal responses to extracellular messengers (for review see 1). Protein phosphorylation is involved in a shuttle: i) the substrate protein is phosphorylated when a protein kinase transfers the terminal phosphate from ATP to the substrate protein; the addition of the charged phosphate group to the protein modulates its function, presumably by changing its conformation; ii) the phosphate group can be removed from the protein by a phosphatase restoring the protein to its original functional state. Such a shuttle is now evident in microtubule proteins. Microtubules are one of the major constituents of neuronal cytoskeletons and play important roles in regulating cell morphology, intracellular transport processes and secretions. The microtubules are polymers of tubulin and they also contain accessory proteins, notably MAP1, MAP2, and the tau proteins.2