cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
9L gliosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in rats are suppressed by N-hydroxy-N′-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol) formamidine (HET0016), a selective inhibitor of CYP4A

The present study examined the effects of N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2 methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016), a selective inhibitor of the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE) on the growth of 9L rat gliosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. After 48 h of incubation, HET0016 reduced the proliferation of 9L in vitro by 55%, and this was associated with a fall in p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase phosphorylation and increased apoptosis. HET0016 inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and diminished phosphorylation of PDGF receptors. A stable 20-HETE analog increased 9L cell proliferation. In vivo, chronic administration of HET0016 (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 2 weeks reduced the volume of 9L tumors by 80%. This was accompanied by a 4-fold reduction in the mitotic index, a 3- to 4-fold increase in the apoptotic index, and a approximately 50% decrease in vascularization in the tumor. HET0016 treatment increased mean survival time of the animals from 17 to 22 days. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry experiments indicated that neither 9L cells grown in vitro nor 9L tumors removed produce 20-HETE when incubated with arachidonic acid. The normal surrounding brain tissue, however, avidly makes 20-HETE, and this activity is selectively inhibited by HET0016. These results suggest that HET0016 may be the prototype of a class of antigrowth compounds that may be efficacious for treating malignant brain tumors. In vivo, it may act in part by inhibiting the formation of 20-HETE by the surrounding tissue. However, the antiproliferative effects of HET0016 on 9L cells in vitro seem unrelated to its ability to inhibit the formation of 20-HETE.
Doubly augmented magic spheres

Magic spheres augmented by both iron and permanent magnets can be constructed to simultaneously fill all of the stringent requirements for electron beam focusing in certain high-power radiation sources. Such structures are described and compared with unaugmented and singly augmented magic spheres with regard to field strength and uniformity, structural bulk, working volume and sufficient access to the working space.
Oral gossypol in the treatment of metastatic adrenal cancer

Medical treatment of metastatic adrenal cancer is largely unsuccessful and has considerable toxicity. We previously demonstrated the activity of the plant toxin gossypol against human adrenal cancers in nude mice. We therefore examined the efficacy and toxicity of oral gossypol as a treatment for adrenal cancer in humans. Twenty-one patients with metastatic adrenal cancer received oral gossypol at doses of 30-70 mg/day. Patients were monitored for side effects of gossypol, changes in hormone secretion, and tumor response. Eighteen patients completed at least 6 weeks of gossypol treatment. Three of these patients, whose tumors were refractory to other chemotherapeutic agents, had partial tumor responses (> or = 50% decrease in tumor volume) that lasted from several months to over 1 yr. One patient had a minor response followed by resection of her remaining disease, 1 patient had stable disease, and 13 patients had disease progression. Three patients died of their disease without receiving sufficient gossypol to achieve detectable drug levels, and were eliminated from the final analysis. The side effects of gossypol were generally well tolerated; the only serious side effect was abdominal ileus that resolved when the drug was temporarily withheld and restarted at a lower dose. We conclude that oral gossypol can be used relatively safely on an outpatient basis for the treatment of metastatic adrenal cancer. The response rate is similar to the other agents currently available for adrenal cancer, and responses were seen in patients who had failed other chemotherapeutic regimens. This study provides the first indication that gossypol may have activity against cancer in humans, suggesting the need for further investigation of gossypol as an antitumor agent.
Computer-aided generation of nonlinear reduced-order dynamic macromodels. I. Non-stress-stiffened case

Reduced-order dynamic macromodels are an effective way to capture device behavior for rapid circuit and system simulation. In this paper, we report the successful implementation of a methodology for automatically generating reduced-order nonlinear dynamic macromodels from three-dimensional (3-D) physical simulations for the conservative-energy-domain behavior of electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. These models are created with a syntax that is directly usable in circuit- and system-level simulators for complete MEMS system design. This method has been applied to several examples of electrostatically actuated microstructures: a suspended clamped beam, with and without residual stress, using both symmetric and asymmetric positions of the actuation electrode, and an elastically supported plate with an eccentric electrode and unequal springs, producing tilting when actuated. When compared to 3-D simulations, this method proves to be accurate for non-stress-stiffened motions, displacements for which the gradient of the strain energy due to bending is much larger than the corresponding gradient of the strain energy due to stretching of the neutral surface. In typical MEMS structures, this corresponds to displacements less than the element thickness, At larger displacements, the method must be modified to account for stress stiffening, which is the subject of part two of this paper.
Interactions Between Compression and Prefetching in Chip Multiprocessors

In chip multiprocessors (CMPs), multiple cores compete for shared resources such as on-chip caches and off-chip pin bandwidth. Stride-based hardware prefetching increases demand for these resources, causing contention that can degrade performance (up to 35% for one of our benchmarks). In this paper, we first show that cache and link (off-chip interconnect) compression can increase the effective cache capacity (thereby reducing off-chip misses) and increase the effective off-chip bandwidth (reducing contention). On an 8-processor CMP with no prefetching, compression improves performance by up to 18% for commercial workloads. Second, we propose a simple adaptive prefetching mechanism that uses cache compressions extra tags to detect useless and harmful prefetches. Furthermore, in the central result of this paper, we show that compression and prefetching interact in a strong positive way, resulting in combined performance improvement of 10-51% for seven of our eight workloads
Diachrony of mammalian appearance events: Implications for biochronology

A multivariate biochronological analysis of the North American mammal fossil record has established an independent ordering of appearance events for all described genera and species. This geochronologically confirmed hypothesis shows that first and last appearances in different parts of the continent are highly diachronous. Additional results show that (1) despite this diachrony, the new event sequence is compatible with a previously hypothesized sequence of immigrant first appearances; (2) immigrant genera are not particularly widespread, abundant, or synchronous in their appearances; (3) last appearances, large-mammal appearances, and species-level appearances are the most reliable; and (4) most of the observed diachrony appears to result from undersampling. Because diachrony has little effect on the overall multivariate analysis, and because the differences among classes of events are not extreme, joint analyses of all known appearance events are preferable to the a priori selection of particular appearance events as time indicators.
Prebiotic protein design supports a halophile origin of foldable proteins.

There are significant challenges in forming testable hypotheses regarding abiogenesis (i.e., the origin of life); for example, the original environment on the early Earth during the process of abiogenesis is a matter of debate [although it was significantly different from the current environment (Oparin, 1952; Hazen et al., 2008)]. Furthermore, the process of abiogenesis occurred over a time scale that is impractical to replicate as a laboratory experiment. More difficult still is the likelihood that current life forms are far removed from the earliest “living systems”—which may well have utilized entirely different initial energetic, biochemical, and “genetic” systems. Despite such difficulties, there are potentially testable hypotheses regarding the origin of important classes of biomolecules from abiotic processes. A key biomolecule that emerged in abiogenesis is the foldable polypeptide, which ultimately evolved to provide essentially all of the important biochemical and structural machinery in living systems. Each of the generally-acknowledged abiotic chemical processes present during abiogenesis, including atmospheric spark discharge, hydrothermal vent chemistry, as well as deep-space synthesis and delivery of organic material via comet and asteroid bombardment, can produce a subset of the 20 common α-amino acids [for a summary see Longo and Blaber (2012)]. Such prebiotic amino acids would have provided the raw material for the earliest polypeptides (i.e., “proteogenesis”); thus, the properties of such amino acids and polypeptides are of special interest. As with all things related to abiogenesis, the set of prebiotic amino acids available for proteogenesis has been a matter of debate; however, a compilation of broad and diverse analyses is arguably converging upon a consensus set of 10 prebiotic α-amino acids (Figure ​(Figure11).
The Jack the Ripper murders: a modus operandi and signature analysis of the 1888–1891 Whitechapel murders

A number of females, commonly recognized as 11 victims, were murdered in separate events in Whitechapel, London between 1888 and 1891. An evaluation of the murders revealed that six of those murders were linked by a number of distinct, personal signature characteristics, including picquerism, overkill, incapacitation, domination and control, open and displayed, unusual body position, sexual degradation, mutilation, organ harvesting, specific areas of attack, preplanning and organization, and a combination of signature features. The signature characteristics observed in these infamous Jack the Ripper murders were compared to a 1981‐1995 cohort of 3359 homicide cases from Washington State’s HITS database. The analysis revealed that the signature displayed in six of the Whitechapel murders was extremely rare. There were only six records of female victims, one a prostitute, with probed, explored, or mutilated body cavities. There were only two cases, both females who were not prostitutes, where the body was left in an unusual position and body cavities were explored, probed, or mutilated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling nonverbal behavior of a virtual counselor during intimate self-disclosure

Humans often share personal information with others in order to create social connections. Sharing personal information is especially important in counseling interactions [2]. Research studying the relationship between intimate self-disclosure and human behavior critically informs the development of virtual agents that create rapport with human interaction partners. One significant example of this application is using virtual agents as counselors in psychotherapeutic situations. The capability of expressing different intimacy levels is key to a successful virtual counselor to reciprocally induce disclosure in clients. Nonverbal behavior is considered critical for indicating intimacy [1] and is important when designing a social virtual agent such as a counselor. One key research question is how to properly express intimate self-disclosure. In this study, our main goal is to find what types of interviewees’ nonverbal behavior is associated with different intimacy levels of verbal self-disclosure. Thus, we investigated humans’ nonverbal behavior associated to self-disclosure during interview setting (with intimate topics).
Cloning-based context-sensitive pointer alias analysis using binary decision diagrams

This paper presents the first scalable context-sensitive, inclusion-based pointer alias analysis for Java programs. Our approach to context sensitivity is to create a clone of a method for every context of interest, and run a context-insensitive algorithm over the expanded call graph to get context-sensitive results. For precision, we generate a clone for every acyclic path through a program's call graph, treating methods in a strongly connected component as a single node. Normally, this formulation is hopelessly intractable as a call graph often has 10 14 acyclic paths or more. We show that these exponential relations can be computed efficiently using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). Key to the scalability of the technique is a context numbering scheme that exposes the commonalities across contexts. We applied our algorithm to the most popular applications available on Sourceforge, and found that the largest programs, with hundreds of thousands of Java bytecodes, can be analyzed in under 20 minutes.This paper shows that pointer analysis, and many other queries and algorithms, can be described succinctly and declaratively using Datalog, a logic programming language. We have developed a system called bddbddb that automatically translates Datalog programs into highly efficient BDD implementations. We used this approach to develop a variety of context-sensitive algorithms including side effect analysis, type analysis, and escape analysis.
Chemotactic Behavior of Azotobacter vinelandii.

Abstract Chemotaxis was exhibited by Azotobacter vinelandii motile cells. Exposure of cells to sudden increases in attractant concentration suppressed the frequency of tumbling and resulted in smooth swimming. Cells responded chemotactically to a chemical gradient produced during metabolism. Motility occurred over a temperature range of 25 to 37°C with an optimum pH range of between pH 7.0 and 8.0. The average speed of motile cells was determined to be 74 μm/s or 37 body lengths per s. The speed of cells appeared to increase as a function of attractant concentration. Chemotactic systems for fructose, glucose, xylitol, and mannitol were inducible. A. vinelandii exhibited chemotaxis for a number of compounds, including hexoses, hexitols, pentitols, pentoses, disaccharides, and amino sugars. We conclude from these studies that A. vinelandii exhibits a temporal chemotactic sensing system.
B-cell activating factor-receptor specific activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 and the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in lymphoma B cells

AbstractB-cell activating factor-receptor (BAFF-R) is the primary BAFF receptor that is responsible for promoting B-cell development and survival. Malignant B-cells exploit the BAFF/BAFF-R system, and high serum BAFF levels or genetic alterations in BAFF receptors have been found in B-cell cancers. BAFF signaling impacts pro-survival pathways. However, other than nuclear factor-κB2 (NF-κB2), little is known about the specific pathways activated by individual BAFF receptors. Using a novel BAFF-R expression model we have demonstrated that activation of BAFF-R, independent of transmembrane activator and cytophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), can induce phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Expression of an activated form of BAFF-R also enhanced a pro-survival gene expression pattern, including the novel BAFF-regulated gene Pin1, whose expression was phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent. Additionally, we showed that TRAF6 is essential for...
Kingdon trap for antihydrogen studies

Summary form only given. A Kingdon trap employs a combination of centrifugal and electrostatic forces to provide confinement of charged particles. The particles orbit a charged central conductor and travel with a drift speed that is much larger than the particles' thermal speed. The central conductor usually consists of a thin wire, although segmented electrodes might also be used. Particle confinement in the direction parallel to a wire is achieved using electrostatic mirrors. A theory is presented that describes particle confinement in terms of the formation of an effective potential energy well. The conditions required for forming the deepest effective potential energy well are determined. Criteria for confining particles that have a drifting Maxwellian velocity distribution are established. Various configurations are considered. A spherical configuration has a spherical central conductor. A current- carrying configuration has two or more closely spaced current-carrying charged wires or rods, which serve in place of the charged central conductor. For a two-wire configuration, the two wires would carry oppositely directed currents. The current-carrying configuration would produce a magnetic field with a large gradient. The presence of such a field may reduce the ratio of the drift speed to thermal speed that is required for keeping the charged particles away from the charged wires. Possible methods to trap antihydrogen are currently being developed. A Kingdon trap is considered for such an application. Cold antiprotons would be captured within a Kingdon trap, and positronium atoms would be introduced. Some high-field-seeking antihydrogen atoms may be produced in trapped orbits.
Nature Conservation: Natural Lands and Biological Diversity - Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)

The article analysises the results from the 8th Cofnerence of the Parties to CMS, including notable developing such as enhancing the synergy of the regime and other wildlife conservation regimes, e.g. the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species; how to address climate change impacts on migratory species; and new listings under the CMS.
Survival Tactics of Waste Paper Pickers in Istanbul

This study examines migration, ethnicity, stratification, and the informal economy by focusing on Waste Paper Pickers (WPPs) as an informal occupational group in Istanbul. I conducted a yearlong fieldwork project among WPPs in Istanbul, collecting ethnographic, observational, participant observational and interview data to develop a description of the everyday lives of WPPs and how they organize their daily work routines. This paper identified most WPPs as immigrants enmeshed in family, friend and compatriot relationships and examined differences and similarities among WPPs. Three main factors account for immigrants entering this occupation: (1) kinship / relative / friend and compatriot relations, (the WPPs’ social capital); (2) the easy entry to this occupation; and, (3) the ‘mafia’ or hiring WPPs on daily basis. Rather than only one type of WPP, they can better be understood as falling into five different types. WPPs in each type differ in their work, the way they work, the money they earn, and their relations with local people. Among my informants, some WPPs can be seen to fit into more than one type while others fall only into one. These types are: (1) Old-hand WPPs, (2) Beginner WPPs, (3) Drunk WPPs, (4) Hired WPPs, and (5) Seasonal WPPs.
Upsides of the American Trial's 'Anticonfluential' Nature: Notes on Richard K. Sherwin, David Foster Wallace, and James O. Incandenza

This essay is an invited response to Richard K. Sherwin’s article, “Law’s Screen Life.” Although legal topics and tropes are commonplace in popular culture, and their prevalence is the source of much commentary, less well known is whether and how popular culture affects law. The latter is the complex question that Sherwin takes up in his provocative article, where he explores the effects on law when it adopts the “expressive forms” of the “visual mass media.” He tells a cautionary tale about a series of negative epistemic and moral consequences for law from this interaction.This essay picks up Sherwin’s cautionary tale from the opposite direction and examines how different forms of legal decision-making may respond to the concerns he discusses, with a particular focus on factual decision-making at trial. I first discuss a number of epistemological aspects underlying Sherwin’s account in order to clarify, challenge, and extend some of the analysis. I next examine the narratives of the visual mass media and a particular response to these narratives in contemporary fiction. Here I discuss the work of David Foster Wallace and his novel Infinite Jest. I argue that, in some ways surprisingly similar to Wallace’s novel, the American trial structures narratives in ways that respond to the problematic narrative forms of the visual mass media at the heart of Sherwin’s cautionary tale and that the trial often provides a better forum for counteracting these problems than other types of legal decision-making.
Role of skeleton and kidney in fluoride absorption in rat.

SummaryTwo studies were conducted in an attempt to learn more concerning the effect of bilateral nephrectomy and previous exposure to fluoride upon rate of fluoride absorption in the rat. The first study was conducted in weanling animals having no previous exposure to fluoride and indicated that bilateral nephrectomy significantly decreased the rate of fluoride absorption by 41.9% during the first 2 hours after fluoride administration and by 41.7% 4 hours thereafter. In the second study, this effect was substantiated using animals exposed to 2 different levels of fluoride. Previous exposure to 125 mg of fluoride decreased the rate of fluoride absorption by 21.9% and when the animals were in addition nephrectomized, a further decrease of 13.7% was noted. After exposure to 250 mg of fluoride, the rate of fluoride absorption was decreased by a similar value of 21.9%. Nephrectomy further decreased the rate of fluoride absorption and the combination of previous exposure and nephrectomy decreased the rate of fl...
Optobiology: optical control of biological processes via protein engineering

Enabling optical control over biological processes is a defining goal of the new field of optogenetics. Control of membrane voltage by natural rhodopsin family ion channels has found widespread acceptance in neuroscience, due to the fact that these natural proteins control membrane voltage without further engineering. In contrast, optical control of intracellular biological processes has been a fragmented effort, with various laboratories engineering light-responsive properties into proteins in different manners. In the present article, we review the various systems that have been developed for controlling protein functions with light based on vertebrate rhodopsins, plant photoregulatory proteins and, most recently, the photoswitchable fluorescent protein Dronpa. By allowing biology to be controlled with spatiotemporal specificity and tunable dynamics, light-controllable proteins will find applications in the understanding of cellular and organismal biology and in synthetic biology.
Leukemic myelomatosis (plasma cell leukemia)

Six cases of leukemic myelomatosis (plasma cell leukemia), are reported. A spectrum of leukemic plasmacellular proliferation was observed in this group: in two cases the plasmacytic leukemia was a terminal event of multiple myeloma, in one of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and in the remaining three cases the peripheral blood plasmacytosis was a presenting manifestation of an acute immunocytic dyscrasia. The clinical features, frequencies of extraosseous plasmacytic infiltrations, hypercalcemia and Bence Jones proteinuria, and cytomorphologic difficulties in differentiating plasmacytic from chronic lymphocytic leukemia are discussed.
Anaphylaxis in the dog

1. Dogs in severe anaphylactic shock have been bled to death, and the blood has been used to transfuse normal dogs. No symptoms of any kind have been produced. Hence the conclusion is drawn that the symptoms of anaphylaxis are not due to the presence of toxic substances in the blood.2. The liver of sensitized dogs has been perfused with normal blood by means of anastomosis of the portal vein with the carotid of another dog. The blood, as it flows from the inferior cava, clots within a few minutes. If the antigen (horse serum) is injected into the connecting tubing, the blood in the cava soon becomes less coagulable, or quite incoagulable. The conclusion is drawn that the incoagulability of the blood is due, at least in part, to the reaction of the sensitized liver cells to the antigen.3. Peptone shock has long been known to resemble anaphylactic shock closely, and the inference has generally been drawn that the latter is due to the production and circulation of peptone-like bodies. But the transfusion exp...
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY.

One case of May-Hegglin’s anomaly has been described with characteristic findings present also in the mother of the reported case. The propositus showed typical stigmata of the condition: characteristic crescentic, pyroninophilic cytoplasmic patches in a high proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, thrombocytopenia, and giant platelets. The patient’s mother, however, had characteristic patches in only 6 per cent of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and had giant platelets, but was not thrombocytopenic. This is the first patient reported to have such a small proportion of affected polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and suggests that there is variable expression of this genetically determined error of cell differentiation. Other family members did not show hematologic abnormalities. The ultrastructure of leukocytes and platelets from the propositus was investigated, and it was found that: 1. No ultrastructural abnormalities were identified in the lymphocytes and monocytes. 2. Polymorphonuclear neutrophiles had irregular cytoplasmic areas which lacked specific granules and which contained small granules probably glycogen, 50 A. diameter filaments, and amorphous densities. 3. The fibrils found in the characteristic patches probably consist of RNA. 4. Platelets have apparently normal ultrastructure, but are twice the normal diameter.
Intraoperative Transit Time Flow Measurement:in Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Objective:Transit time flow measurement is frequently used during coronary artery bypass with and without cardiopulmonary bypass to detect the quality of anastomosis in off-pump coronary artery bypass. Methods:Ninty one patients operated on using off-pump technique were included in the study.One hundred and seven pa- tients operated on using on-pump technique.The mean flow and the pulsatile index were measured in every graft in both groups. Results:The average flow was 25.94±12.84 ml/min and 30.29±11.42 ml/min(P0.05)and the average pulsatile in- dex was 2.06±0.76 and 2.12±0.78(P0.05)in both groups.Except left internal thoracic artery to anterior descending ar- tery and diagonal territory which showed significantly lower mean flows in off-pump technique(P0.05),there were no differ- ences in pulsatile index in both groups. Conclusion:The quality of anastomosis using off-pump coronary artery bypass technique might be reliable.
Object Frequency and Predictability Effects on Eye Fixation Durations in Real-World Scene Viewing

During text reading, the durations of eye fixations decrease with greater frequency and predictability of the currently fixated word (Rayner, 1998; 2009). However, it has not been tested whether those results also apply to scene viewing. We computed object frequency and predictability from both linguistic and visual scene analysis (LabelMe, Russell et al., 2008), and Latent Semantic Analysis (Landauer et al., 1998) was applied to estimate predictability. In a scene-viewing experiment, we found that, for small objects, linguistics-based frequency, but not scene-based frequency, had effects on first fixation duration, gaze duration, and total time. Both linguistic and scene-based predictability affected total time. Similar to reading, fixation duration decreased with higher frequency and predictability. For large objects, we found the direction of effects to be the inverse of those found in reading studies. These results suggest that the recognition of small objects in scene viewing shares some characteristics with the recognition of words in reading.
Diachronic Changes in Jazz Harmony: A Cognitive Perspective

The present study examines both gradual and rapid changes occurring in 20th-century jazz harmonic practice. A newly-assembled corpus of 1,086 jazz compositions was used to test the idea that jazz music exhibits a mid-century decline in traditionally “tonal” chord usage. Evidence was found for slow, incremental changes in zeroth-order chord quality distributions, consistent with gradual, unconscious changes in harmonic usage. Typical tonal chord-to-chord transitions became less common between the 1920s and the 1960s, consistent with the hypothesis of tonal decline. Finally, use of root motion of an ascending perfect fourth dropped suddenly in the 1950s, suggesting that chord-to-chord transitions might be more susceptible to rapid change than chord frequency. Possible constraints on stylistic evolution are discussed.
Fast Fourier Transforms

Publisher Summary The fast Fourier transform (FFT) computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) using a reduced number of arithmetic operations as compared to brute-force evaluation of the DFT. The method is efficient, because it eliminates redundancies that result from adding certain data sequence values after they have been multiplied by the same factors of fixed complex constants during the evaluation of different DFT transform coefficients. The efficiency is achieved at the expense of reordering the data sequence and/or transform sequence, but the additional expense is small compared to the reduction in multiplications and additions. The chapter reviews one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) DFTs, presents 2-D flow diagrams and the equivalent operations in matrix format, and explains DFT and FFT matrix representation. The first FFTs result from a mixed-radix integer representation (MIR) that includes binary, decimal, and octal integers. The chapter presents a comparison of number of arithmetic operations required to compute various FFT algorithms. Many real-time FFTs are mechanized with dedicated, fixed-point hardware. The chapter also discusses the determination of the number of bits to fully utilize these FFT processors and presents a simple, easy to visualize graphical techniques i to specify digital word lengths in a typical spectral analysis system.
The mate switching hypothesis

Abstract Leaving one mating relationship and entering another, serial mating, is commonly observed in many cultures. An array of circumstances can prompt a mate switch. These include (1) unanticipated costs inflicted by one's mate, or ‘relationship load,’ not apparent on the initial mate selection; (2) changes in the mate value of either partner, creating discrepancies where none previously existed; and (3) the arrival of a new and interested potential mate of sufficiently incremental value to offset the costs of a breakup. The mate switching hypothesis suggests that these circumstances created adaptive problems throughout human evolution that forged adaptations to anticipate and appraise opportunities to mate-switch, implement exit strategies, and manage challenges confronted in the aftermath. We review several studies that support various aspects of the mate switching hypothesis: The cultivation of ‘back-up mates,’ assessing mate-inflicted costs that comprise relationship load, monitoring selfishly-skewed welfare tradeoff ratios in a partner, gauging mate value discrepancies, and anticipating sexual, emotional, and economic infidelities. The mate switching hypothesis provides both a complementary, and in some instances a competing, explanation to the ‘good genes’ hypothesis for why women have sexual affairs, and parsimoniously explains a host of other mating phenomena that remain inexplicable on alternative accounts.
Improved cross-calibration of Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission with ECH on DIII-D

Thomson scattering produces ne profiles from measurement of scattered laser beam intensity. Rayleigh scattering provides a first calibration of the relation ne ∝ ITS, which depends on many factors (e.g., laser alignment and power, optics, and measurement systems). On DIII-D, the ne calibration is adjusted against an absolute ne from the density-driven cutoff of the 48 channel 2nd harmonic X-mode electron cyclotron emission system. This method has been used to calibrate Thomson ne from the edge to near the core (r/a > 0.15). Application of core electron cyclotron heating improves the quality of cutoff and depth of its penetration into the core, and also changes underlying MHD activity, minimizing crashes which confound calibration. Less fueling is needed as “ECH pump-out” generates a plasma ready to take up gas. On removal of gyrotron power, cutoff penetrates into the core as channels fall successively and smoothly into cutoff.
Time interval from diagnosis to treatment of breast cancer at an NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center: Survival and associated demographic factors

A9 Introduction >Disparities in breast cancer outcomes are prevalent among different population groups. Race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors contribute to barriers to quality care. These barriers disrupt connection along screening, diagnosis, and treatment for breast cancer. Programs, such as patient navigators, have been proposed to reduce the barriers at multiple levels, from individual patient to providers and health systems levels, to ensure timely connection to the following steps of cancer care in underserved population. >We hypothesized that delay in the time interval between pathologic diagnosis and initiation of treatment in female breast cancer patients would indicate disruption in the continuity of care. We aimed to investigate whether extension of this time interval is associated with increased mortality and to identify individual demographic factors that determine delay to treatment. > Methods >Newly diagnosed stages 0 to III female breast cancer patients treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) from 1998 to 2005 were included in this study. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from the hospital cancer registry. A total of 2646 patients who received their first course of treatment at JHH within 6 months of diagnosis were used in our analysis. Length of time interval between pathologic diagnosis and initiation of treatment was calculated from the date of diagnosis and the date of visit for the first course of treatment provided by the cancer registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between survival and delayed time to initial treatment. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify individual factors associated with the time interval. > Results >After adjusting for race, age, stage, hormone receptor status, histology, and receipt of adjuvant treatment, a one-week delay in this time interval was associated with 3.7% increased risk of death after breast cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.07). Black race (5.7 days longer than the White, 95% CI 3.2 - 8.2), older age at diagnosis, area of residence along with site and year of diagnosis were associated with increased time interval. > Conclusions >We suggest that the increased time interval between diagnosis and initiation of treatment indicates disconnection in the continuum of breast cancer care that is associated with unfavorable survival outcome. Shortening this time interval would be an achievable and realistic strategy to reduce disparities in cancer care, and further to improve the outcome of breast cancer at the provider and systemic level.
Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer.

S.L. is a 55-year-old man who presents to your office for a routine refill of his antihypertension medication. He also takes a statin and an antidepressant. Although he smokes, his blood pressure and cholesterol are well controlled. His history and physical examination are unremarkable.
Assessing the Impact of Speed-Limit Reduction near Signalized High-Speed Intersections Equipped with Advance-Warning Flashers

AbstractAn advance-warning flasher alerts drivers of the imminent onset of a yellow light at a signalized intersection, and it is widely used to reduce crash frequency and severity. Recently, a mor...
Different Tales: The Role of Gender in the Oral Narrative-Reading Link Among African American Children

Evidence suggests that oral narrative skills are a linguistic strength for African American children, yet few studies have examined how these skills are associated with reading for African American boys and girls. The current study uses longitudinal data of a sample of 72 African American 4-year-olds to examine how preschool oral narrative skills predict reading from first through sixth grades and explores differences by gender. Findings indicate that although girls demonstrated stronger narrative skills, their narrative skills did not moderate change in reading. For boys, narrative skills moderated change in reading over time such that as preschool narrative skills increased, their reading scores showed greater change over time. Educational implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Mortality and reduced brood production in walnut twig beetles, Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), following exposure to commercial strains of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum

Abstract Thousand cankers disease (TCD), caused by the walnut twig beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis , and its associated fungal symbiont, Geosmithia morbida , is a disease of economic and ecological concern on eastern black walnut, Juglans nigra . Numerous attacks and gallery formation by the WTB and subsequent development of cankers caused by the fungus result in progressive crown dieback. The disease can kill affected trees in a few to several years following initial infestation and very few management options are available for preventing or reducing impact of TCD on black walnut trees. Since advanced development of TCD requires multiple WTB generations and numerous beetle attacks, control strategies that reduce beetle attacks and brood production, without completely eliminating infestation, could still significantly benefit tree health and survival. We evaluated the use of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum against the WTB. Laboratory and field studies showed that WTB adults are susceptible to commercial strains B. bassiana GHA and M. brunneum F52. Exposure of beetles to sprayed walnut bolts resulted in reduced brood production, primarily due to the death of parental adults from fungal infection prior to egg laying. Spraying walnut bolts with B. bassiana GHA and M. brunneum F52 prior to field exposure to natural WTB populations reduced emergence of next generation adults by up to 98% and 96%, respectively, due to a combination of fewer beetle attacks and mortality among those that tunneled. These results demonstrate the potential use of entomopathogenic fungi in the integrated management of TCD in walnut trees.
Live demonstration: A compact all-CMOS spatiotemporal compressed sensing video camera

A compact all-CMOS spatiotemporal compressed sensing (CS) video camera is demonstrated. This CS-based framework [1], implemented on integrated circuits, is able to achieve 20-fold reduction in the readout speed and consumes only 14μW to provide 100 fps videos. Taking advantage of dictionary learning and sparse recovery, this prototype image sensor (127×90 pixels) can reconstruct 100 fps videos from the coded images sampled at 5 fps.
A knowledge and reasoning toolkit for cognitive applications

This paper presents a knowledge and reasoning toolkit for developing cognitive applications which have significant requirements for managing structured and semi-structured data. Our system provides enhanced querying and reasoning capabilities along with natural language processing support and the ability to automatically extract data from PDF documents. We also have the capability to manage ontologies in a user-friendly way. Our system is implemented as a set of Web services, and we provide enhanced clients to allow applications to easily access our knowledge and reasoning toolkit.
History of the antibody workshops

At a critical period in the history of contemporary immunology, a handful of biochemists and fringe immunologists formed a group known as the Antibody Workshop. They had a major impact on the field by attracting molecular biologists who worked to reduce the study of cellular and organ level immunology to the molecular level. This had a dramatic effect on the field both conceptually and practically by providing the targets for clinical manipulation. The story of the origin and development of this group over time is recounted here.
Reply: Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in a Case Series of 10 Patients with Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Prospective trial is on its way.

REPLY: We thank Bela Denes and Peter Gardiner from BlueEarth Diagnostics, Inc., for their interest in our case series ([1][1]) and their relevant letter. BlueEarth Diagnostics, Inc., showed recently with great success how to get a PET probe approved by the Food and Drug Administration ([2][2]). We
The association between program credibility, expectancy, and acceptability with baseline pathology and outcome for a body acceptance prevention program.

OBJECTIVE The current study sought to investigate whether credibility, expectancy, and acceptability of the Body Project is impacted by level of disordered eating pathology and whether perceived credibility, expectancy, and acceptability impacts treatment outcomes. METHODS The sample included 170 undergraduate women from a large public university. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on perceived credibility, expectancy, treatment acceptability, and disordered eating measures. A random subset of 51 participants provided 3-month follow-up measurements. RESULTS Analyses revealed that post-prevention credibility, expectancy, and treatment acceptability scores were negatively associated with baseline thin-ideal internalization, baseline weight, and shape concerns, and positively associated with baseline body satisfaction and the baseline restraint subscale of the EDEQ. Perceived credibility, expectancy, and treatment acceptability were not associated with session attendance or 3-month follow-up disordered eating scores. DISCUSSION The Body Project is effective at reducing disordered eating regardless of whether participants liked the program or not.
Case 5: Hyperkalemia During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

A 76-year-old male (5 ft 8 in. and 82 kg) is scheduled for a three vessel CABG and Aortic valve replacement. His past history is significant for three vessel CAD (70% LAD, 70 Circ, and 70% RCA). The aortic stenostic valve area is 0.69 cm2 and the gradient is 36 mmHg. The patient also has chronic renal insufficiency with a (Cr) of 1.4–1.9 in the past year. He also is a non-insulin diabetic and has obstructive sleep apnea. Surgery is now indicated because of increased shortness of breath on minimal exercise. His medication was gemfibrozil, amitriptyline, aspirin, HCTZ, and atenolol. On physical exam, you find a cardiac murmur at right upper sternal border radiating to the carotids. The lungs are clear and EKG shows NSR with no ischemic changes. The ECHO shows an ejection fraction of 55–60%. The laboratory values are within normal levels with a K of 4.4 mmol/L, but the Cr is 1.4.
Michelle Obama: American—Whether You Like It or Not

In the presidential campaign of 2008, Michelle Obama emerged as the only potential First Lady who had a background or experiences that were so similar to the writer. Duster could relate to Michelle Obama as she could no other woman who had ever been in her position. During the course of the campaign, Michelle Obama endured numerous attacks, insults, scrutiny and criticism which captured Duster’s attention and wreaked havoc on her emotions. In this essay, Duster examines a few of the numerous messages that were used to imply that Michelle Obama was not a patriot or “true American” and why she found those messages hit home. The wide variety of emotions that she experienced during the campaign included trepidation, caution, hope, disappointment and ultimately pride.
Vitamin A and Other Carotenoids

Abstract Carotenoids are beneficial for human health, serving as antioxidants in lipophilic environments and blue light filters in the macula of the human retina. Certain carotenoids are the natural precursors of retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites), which are essential for reproduction, cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as immunity. These lipids must be absorbed in the intestine, transported to target tissues, and—in the case of retinoid function—metabolically converted to biologically active compounds. Ultimately, these lipids must be eliminated to maintain a physiological state. In recent years, knowledge about molecular players in this process has tremendously increased. Studies in experimental animals have unraveled the nature of interaction between these bioactive lipids and their receptors, binding proteins, transporters, and metabolizing enzymes. The emerging scheme reveals a complex molecular script at work. This chapter summarizes some general principles about this metabolism with a particular emphasis on genetic aspects related to disease.
GENDER BASED DISPARITIES FOR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE READMISSION FOLLOWING TRANS CATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the most common cause of readmission following TAVR. However, it is unknown if gender affects CHF-related readmissions following TAVR. Patients who underwent TAVR at the Cleveland Clinic during 2014-2017 were followed until the end of 2018. Outcomes were compared
Technological Tribal Territories: How Culture Influences Learning Beyond Content in Educational Technologies: A Narrative Review of Literature

As learners and educators embrace educational technology tools, it is advantageous for content creators and designers to understand how culture affects learners’ engagement with content. Learners interact with educational technology content in various ways, and this technology is rarely free of cultural values: intentional or not. That is, culture deeply impacts how learners interact with technology. Using a narrative review of literature, this paper examines research on the impact of culture on educational technology tools and how this affects learning of content. This review suggests that educational technology content creators and instructors should be aware of the varying cultures of learners if learners are to fully engage with this content.