cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting CAR-T cell Immunotherapy Success through ImmunoPET.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has generated unprecedented advances in the treatment of hematologic cancers, but readily translatable imaging approaches to visualize the in vivo dynamics of CAR-T cells are lacking. Noninvasive PET imaging is the ideal tool to monitor CAR-T cells.See related article by Simonetta et al., p. 1058.
A machine-learning framework for peridynamic material models with physical constraints

Abstract As a nonlocal extension of continuum mechanics , peridynamics has been widely and effectively applied in different fields where discontinuities in the field variables arise from an initially continuous body. An important component of the constitutive model in peridynamics is the influence function which weights the contribution of all the interactions over a nonlocal region surrounding a point of interest. Recent work has shown that in solid mechanics the influence function has a strong relationship with the heterogeneity of a material’s micro-structure. However, determining an accurate influence function analytically from a given micro-structure typically requires lengthy derivations and complex mathematical models. To avoid these complexities, the goal of this paper is to develop a data-driven regression algorithm to find the optimal bond-based peridynamic model to describe the macro-scale deformation of linear elastic medium with periodic heterogeneity. We generate macro-scale deformation training data by averaging over periodic micro-structure unit cells and add a physical energy constraint representing the homogenized elastic modulus of the micro-structure to the regression algorithm. We demonstrate this scheme for examples of one- and two-dimensional linear elastodynamics and show that the energy constraint improves the accuracy of the resulting peridynamic model.
Diabetes Mellitus Prediction Using Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques

The healthcare industry is inflicted with the plethora of patient data which is being supplemented each day manifold. Researchers have been continually using this data to help the healthcare industry improve upon the way major diseases could be handled. They are even working upon the way the patients could be informed timely of the symptoms that could avoid the major hazards related to them. Diabetes is one such disease that is growing at an alarming rate today. In fact, it can inflict numerous severe damages; blurred vision, myopia, burning extremities, kidney and heart failure. It occurs when sugar levels reach a certain threshold, or the human body cannot contain enough insulin to regulate the threshold. Therefore, patients affected by Diabetes must be informed so that proper treatments can be taken to control Diabetes. For this reason, early prediction and classification of Diabetes are significant. This work makes use of Machine Learning algorithms to improve the accuracy of prediction of the Diabetes. A dataset obtained as an output of K-Mean Clustering Algorithm was fed to an ensemble model with principal component analysis and K-means clustering. Our ensemble method produced only eight incorrectly classified instances, which was lowest compared to other methods. The experiments also showed that ensemble classifier models performed better than the base classifiers alone. Its result was compared with the same Dataset being applied on specific methods like random forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Multilayer perceptron, and Naive Bayes classification methods. All methods were run using 10k fold cross-validation.
Optimization of conditions for Greek style yogurt acid whey demineralization and its effects on filterability

Abstract Acid whey from Greek-style yogurt (GSY) is prone to fouling during concentration by reverse osmosis (RO), a phenomenon credited to its high calcium concentration. In this work, we sought to optimize the demineralization of GSY acid whey through precipitation of Ca by addition of base (NaOH) and phosphate salts. The effects of pH (6–10), calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio (0.3–1.3), temperature (40–70 °C), and holding time (10–60 min) GSY whey decalcification were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). Ca precipitation ranged from 62 to 97% and was significantly affected by pH and the Ca/P ratio. Optimal conditions for Ca removal were pH ≥ 9 and a Ca/P ratio of 0.55. Surprisingly, no improvement in RO flux was observed for GSY whey following decalcification.
Joint Nanoscale Communication and Sensing Enabled by Plasmonic Nano-antennas

With the advances in nanotechnology, novel nanosensing technologies can play a pivotal role in today's society. Plasmonic sensing has been proven to provide unprecedented detection reliability and resolution in a very compact form factor. Traditional plasmonic sensors leverage biofunctionalized metallic grating structures whose frequency response in transmission and/or reflection changes according to the presence of targeted biomarkers. However, these sensing setups require the use of bulky measurement equipment to couple light to and from sensors for excitation and detection. In parallel, for over a decade, the nanoscale electromagnetic communication community has been leveraging plasmonic structures to efficiently transmit information at the nanoscale. By combining the two realms, in this paper, the concept of joint nanoscale communication and sensing enabled by plasmonic sensing nano-antennas is proposed. First, the changes in the frequency response of a biofunctionalized plasmonic nano-antenna when exposed to different biomarkers are modeled. Then, a chirp-spread spectrum excitation and detection system is proposed as a way to enable simultaneous communication and sensing at the nanoscale. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed system.
A quantitative study of musical instrument digital interface (midi) over internet protocol (ip) protocols

The research, which is discussed in this dissertation, consists of the development and testing of a suite of ten Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and reliable Real Time Protocol (RTP) MIDI over IP (MOIP) protocols, and the subsequent implementations of musical duet collaboration systems based on the MOIP protocols. These MOIP protocols were subjected to a quantitative and statistically significant set of experiments using two experimental metrics or performance measurements. The statistical protocol winner of these experiments was used in the duet systems. We implemented the musical duet systems on two different hardware platforms with different and competing operating systems. The general hardware and software architectures of the musical duet collaboration systems were essentially platform independent. The procedural programming language C and the object-oriented programming language Java were utilized. Before a path leading to a modicum of success was found a number of roads to unsuitable protocols were explored and these lanes to nowhere are also discussed extensively in this dissertation.
DARPP-32, a dopamine-regulated phosphoprotein

Publisher Summary A dopamine-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) is a phosphoprotein specifically enriched in dopaminoceptive neurons possessing D-1 dopamine receptors. The chapter summarizes some studies in which DARPP-32 has provided useful information or holds promise for future research. Biochemical studies have shown that DARPP-32 functions as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 in vitro and that it may be involved in mediating some of the physiological effects of dopamine by inhibiting this enzyme in vivo . The regulation of the state of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 may also mediate specific interactions between the dopamine acting through cyclic adenosine monophosphate and other first messengers acting through calcium ion. The chapter shows the regional distribution of DARPP-32 in the rat central nervous system determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations of immunoreactive DARPP-32 are found in the substantia nigra, caudatoputamen, and globus pallidus, while slightly lower concentrations are found in the olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens.
Fast Food Television Advertisement Formats

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine favorite formats in hamburger television advertisements in order to assist companies in effectively communicating with their target audiences and to motivate those audiences to purchase products. The main findings of the study are that college students appear to prefer the special-effects format for presenting hamburgers in television advertisements. In addition, the testimonial format in television advertisements seems to motivate college students' purchase intentions for hamburgers more than other formats. Implications of the study regarding segmentation information usage, establishment of business image and individual purchase motivation, and the relationship between brand and format effects are discussed.
FATE OF ERGOSTEROL AND CHOLESTANOL IN PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS

Smith, Paul F. (University of South Dakota, Vermillion). Fate of ergosterol and cholestanol in pleuropneumonia-like organisms. J. Bacteriol. 84:534-538. 1962.-Cholesterol, an essential growth requirement of certain pleuropneumonia-like organisms, can be replaced by ergosterol or cholestanol. Since cholesterol is incorporated unchanged, determination was made of the fate of substituted sterols. Ergosterol-grown cells contained predominately ergosterol, as evidenced by physical and chemical characteristics. The other components were decomposition products arising from radiation and experimental treatments. Cholestanol-grown cells contained predominately cholestanol. Radiation- or aeration-induced decomposition products of cholestanol were formed to a greater extent in inoculated than in uninoculated culture media. Sterols capable of substituting for cholesterol are incorporated without significant biologically induced alterations and carry out the function of cholesterol.
Signal processing strategies in acoustic elastography

Elastography is a remote sensing technique for imaging the elastic properties of biological tissues. An essential feature is tissue deformation (strain) that is measured by cross correlating ultrasonic echo waveforms acquired before and after a weak static compression. To fully exploit the large object contrast available among body tissues, many dependent experimental parameters must be carefully adjusted. This paper outlines a strategy for selecting the applied stress field including boundary conditions, transducer frequency and bandwidth, and echo window length and overlap that minimize elastographic noise and maximize dynamic range for a given spatial resolution.
Effects of Crossbreeding on Production Traits in Dairy Cattle

Abstract Productive performance of 176 crossbreds, representing 15 groups, was compared to that of the purebred contemporary Brown Swiss, Guernseys, and Holsteins. The Guernsey×Holstein and Holstein×Guernsey crosses were bred to Swiss bulls to obtain three-breed crosses. A rotational system using Guernsey or Holstein bulls, or both, was followed to obtain third- and fourth-generation crosses. Most of the bulls used were young pedigree-selected sires. Data analyzed were the deviations of a crossbred record from records of contemporary purebreds. Crosses with Guernsey inheritance were usually above the Guernseys for milk, milk fat, and FCM, but below in milk fat test. The opposite was true when crosses with Holstein breeding were compared to Holsteins. Crosses with Brown Swiss inheritance exceeded the Brown Swiss in 66% of the comparisons. Two groups, Guernsey×Holstein×Guernsey, and Guernsey×Swiss×Guernsey×Holstein, showed negative heterosis for milk fat test. The Holstein×Guernsey×Swiss×Holstein×Guernsey group showed positive heterosis for milk fat and FCM. These results indicate that, in general, nonadditive genetic effects were not important for production traits in crosses among the Guernsey, Holstein, and Brown Swiss breeds.
The Common Law, Labor Law, and Reality: A Response to Professor Epstein

In A Common Law for Labor Relations: A Critique of the New Deal Labor Litigation, Professor Epstein claimed to have undertaken serious criticism and review of the American system of labor relations as it has been structured by two pieces of New Deal era legislation. Although such a work could have been of great value to diverse disciplines, Epstein's lacks empirical scope and raises methodological questions. Instead of grappling with the subject matter seriously, Epstein merely uses the late nineteenth century form of the common law as a benchmark against which to compare the modern statutory schemes set forth in the Norris-LaGuardia Act and the National Labor Relations Act. As a result, he never answers the questions a genuine critical evaluation would have to address. In this response, the authors argue that Professor Epstein's work does not contribute in any way to our existing knowledge about labor law, it sheds no light on the reality of labor relations, and it adds nothing to our understanding of the impact labor law has had on society.
Exploring power attack protection of resource constrained encryption engines using integrated low-drop-out regulators

The power attack protection of encryption engines often comes at the expense of area, power, and/or performance overheads making the design of a low-power and compact but secure encryption engine challenging. This paper explores the feasibility of using an on-chip low dropout regulator (LDO) as a countermeasure to power attack of low-power and compact encryption engine. We design an area minimized implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using predictive 45nm node and show that lightweight implementations are more susceptible to power attack. Using behavioral modeling, we show that an on-chip LDO can enhance power attack resistance of this compact AES engine; however, the tradeoff between LDO performance and power attack protection is essential. Our analysis shows that LDO can increase power attack resistance of the compact AES by >800X with marginal area (1.4%) and power (5%) overheads.
Period–colour and amplitude–colour relations in classical Cepheid variables – IV. The multiphase relations

The superb phase resolution and quality of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) data on the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Cepheids, together with existing data on Galactic Cepheids, are combined to study the period-colour (PC) and amplitude-colour (AC) relations as a function of pulsation phase. Our results confirm earlier work that the LMC PC relation (at mean light) is more consistent with two lines of differing slopes, separated at a period of 10 d. However, our multiphase PC relations reveal much new structure which can potentially increase our understanding of Cepheid variables. These multiphase PC relations provide insight into why the Galactic PC relation is linear but the LMC PC relation is non-linear. This is because the LMC PC relation is shallower for short (log P 1) period Cepheids than the corresponding Galactic PC relation. Both of the short- and long-period Cepheids in all three galaxies exhibit the steepest and shallowest slopes at phases around 0.75-0.85, respectively. A consequence is that the PC relation at phase ∼ 0.8 is highly non-linear. Further, the Galactic and LMC Cepheids with log P > 1 display a flat slope in the PC plane at phases close to the maximum light. When the LMC period-luminosity (PL) relation is studied as a function of phase, we confirm that it changes with the PC relation. The LMC PL relation in V and I band near the phase of 0.8 provides compelling evidence that this relation is also consistent with two lines of differing slopes joined at a period close to 10 d.
Developing a Laboratory Model for the Professional Preparation of Future Science Teachers: A Situated Cognition Perspective.

Although laboratory activities are widely acknowledged as being fundamental to the teaching of science, many secondary science school teachers have limited knowledge of how to design and run effective teaching laboratories. Utilising a situated cognition theoretical framework, we discuss our collaborative efforts to develop a laboratory based model for the professional preparation of secondary level science teachers. Findings from the study suggest that the learning which occurs in the laboratory context may be transferred (with appropriate modifications) to the secondary science classroom. Implications also are presented for science teacher preparation, ongoing professional development, and further study.
Protein phosphorylation in human synaptosomal membranes: evidence for the presence of substrates for cyclic nucleotide guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinases.

Abstract BOEHME, D. H., R. KOSECKI AND N. MARKS. Protein phosphorylation in human synaptosomal membranes: Evidence for the presence of substrates for cyclic nucleotide guanosine 3′–5′-monophosphate dependent protein kinases . BRAIN RES. BULL. 3 (6) 697–700, 1978.—Synaptosomal membranes prepared from different anatomical regions of postmortem human brain readily incorporate phosphate when incubated with labelled ATP in vitro. Separation of proteins on SDS slab gels indicated up to 30 protein bands stained by Coomassie blue of which ten incorporated label, as detected by radioautography (mol. wt. range 16–110 K with a major double band at 49–50 K). Incorporation into the 110 K region appeared to increase in older persons, and that into the 49–50 K region decreased. Human but not rat membranes subjected to similar conditions of treatment failed to respond to the addition of cAMP at 10 −5 –10 −7 M but were highly sensitive to the addition of cGMP at 10 −6 M, which led to intensification of existing bands and the appearance of a major band at 60 K. The 110 K band present in high concentration in white matter striatum, caudate nucleus, and putamen was insensitive to cGMP addition. The presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase substrates has not previously been reported in synapses, and it may be of significance in view of the known sensitivity of this system to biological regulatory agents.
Overexpression of Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTG) in Rat Hepatocytes Causes Profound Activation of Glycogen Synthesis Independent of Normal Hormone- and Substrate-mediated Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract Protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), also known as PPP1R5, is a widely expressed member of a growing family of proteins that target protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) to glycogen particles. Because PTG also binds to glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase, it has been suggested that it serves as a “scaffold” for efficient activation of glycogen synthesis. However, very little is known about the metabolic effects of PTG. In this study, we have used recombinant adenovirus to overexpress PTG in primary rat hepatocytes, a cell type with high glycogenic capacity. We find that overexpression of PTG potently activates glycogen synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. Surprisingly, the glycogenic effect of PTG is observed even in the complete absence of carbohydrates or insulin in the culture medium. Furthermore, glycogenolytic agents such as forskolin or glucagon are largely ineffective at activating glycogen degradation in PTG overexpressing hepatocytes, even though large increases in cAMP levels are demonstrated. These metabolic effects of PTG overexpression are accompanied by a 3.6-fold increase in glycogen synthase activation state and a 40% decrease in glycogen phosphorylase activity. Our results are consistent with a model in which PTG overexpression “locks” the hepatocyte in a glycogenic mode, presumably via its ability to promote interaction of enzymes of glycogen metabolism with PP-1.
The Effectiveness of Weather Forecasts in Decision Making: An Example

Abstract Decision models involving prescribed fire (the use of fire as a silvicultural tool) were used to analyze the utility of four types of weather information as forecasts: climatology, current weather observations (used as a persistence forecast), special fire-danger forecasts issued by the National Weather Service, and a combination of the current weather observations and the fire-danger forecast. Data from three seasons of observations (collected at weather stations between 6 500 and 8 000 ft in elevation in New Mexico and Arizona) were used in decision models to indicate that decisions based upon the combination of current weather observations and fire-danger forecasts have the greatest utility. Forecasts for complex events (i.e., those involving temperature, humidity, and wind speed) showed lower utility gains than simple prescriptions (i.e., those based on temperature alone).
Holographic Recording in Cross-Linked Polymeric Matrices through Photoacid Generation

We report a novel strategy for writing volume holograms by photoacid generation and subsequent acid-catalyzed degradation leading to increased free volume/refractive index modulation in the exposed regions of a cross-linked rigid polymeric matrix. This strategy offers nondestructive read out and high diffraction efficiency and allows optical-quality, millimeter thick films to be fabricated that possess excellent thermal and dimensional stability. A key feature of this approach is the efficient acid-catalyzed degradation of functional groups in the cross-linked matrix leading to release of volatile products which diffuse readily out of the thick films. Furthermore, the reported data storage material is lightweight and inexpensive and can be easily processed into different shapes, making it an attractive candidate for data storage applications.
Characterization of the promoter of the Brugia malayi 12 kDa small subunit ribosomal protein (RPS12) gene

Unravelling gene regulatory mechanisms in human filarial parasites will require an understanding of their basic promoter structure. Only a single promoter from a human filarial parasite has been characterised in detail, the 70 kDa heat shock promoter of Brugia malayi (BmHSP70). This promoter was found to lack features found in a typical eukaryotic promoter. To determine if this was unique to the BmHSP70 promoter, a detailed analysis was undertaken of the promoter for the B. malayi small subunit 12 kDa ribosomal protein (BmRPS12) gene. The BmRPS12 promoter contained a unique tandem repeat structure. Deletion of these repeats resulted in the loss of 80% of promoter activity. Block replacement mutagenesis identified five regions outside the repeat which were essential for promoter activity. No predicted binding sites for proteins that normally associate with the typical eukaryotic core promoter domains were found in the essential domains or the repeat region. However, the repeat region contained many putative binding sites for GATAA transcription factor family proteins. Of 20 upstream domains of other ribosomal protein genes, one contained a repeat structure similar to that found in the BmRPS12 promoter, and the majority encoded putative GATAA transcription factor binding sites. This study demonstrates that the BmRPS12 promoter, like the BmHSP70 promoter, is distinct from a typical eukaryotic promoter.
Techno-economic evaluation of coal-to-liquids (CTL) plants with carbon capture and sequestration

Coal-to-liquids (CTL) processes that generate synthetic liquid fuels from coal are of increasing interest in light of the substantial rise in world oil prices in recent years. A major concern, however, is the large emissions of CO2 from the process, which would add to the burden of atmospheric greenhouse gases. To assess the options, impacts and costs of controlling CO2 emissions from a CTL plant, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment model of CTL plants has been developed, capable of incorporating technology options for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The model was used to study the performance and cost of a liquids-only plant as well as a co-production plant, which produces both liquids and electricity. The effect of uncertainty and variability of key parameters on the cost of liquids production was quantified, as were the effects of alternative carbon constraints such as choice of CCS technology and the effective price (or tax) on CO2 emissions imposed by a climate regulatory policy. The efficiency and CO2 emissions from a co-production plant also were compared to the separate production of liquid fuels and electricity. The results for a 50,000 barrels/day case study plant are presented.
Methadone but not Morphine Inhibits Lubiprostone-Stimulated Cl − Currents in T84 Intestinal Cells and Recombinant Human ClC-2, but not CFTR Cl − Currents

In clinical trials, methadone, but not morphine, appeared to prevent beneficial effects of lubiprostone, a ClC-2 Cl− channel activator, on opioid-induced constipation. Effects of methadone and morphine on lubiprostone-stimulated Cl− currents were measured by short circuit current (Isc) across T84 cells. Whole cell patch clamp of human ClC-2 (hClC-2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells and in a high expression cell line (HEK293EBNA) as well as human CFTR (hCFTR) stably expressed in HEK293 cells was used to study methadone and morphine effects on recombinant hClC-2 and hCFTR Cl− currents. Methadone but not morphine inhibited lubiprostone-stimulated Isc in T84 cells with half-maximal inhibition at 100 nM. Naloxone did not affect lubiprostone stimulation or methadone inhibition of Isc. Lubiprostone-stimulated Cl− currents in hClC-2/HEK293 cells, but not forskolin/IBMX-stimulated Cl− currents in hCFTR/HEK293 cells, were inhibited by methadone, but not morphine. HEK293EBNA cells expressing hClC-2 showed time-dependent, voltage-activated, CdCl2-inhibited Cl− currents in the absence (control) and the presence of lubiprostone. Methadone, but not morphine, inhibited control and lubiprostone-stimulated hClC-2 Cl− currents with half-maximal inhibition at 100 and 200–230 nM, respectively. Forskolin/IBMX-stimulated hClC-2 Cl− currents were also inhibited by methadone. Myristoylated protein kinase inhibitor (a specific PKA inhibitor) inhibited forskolin/IBMX- but not lubiprostone-stimulated hClC-2 Cl− currents. Methadone caused greater inhibition of lubiprostone-stimulated currents added before patching (66.1 %) compared with after patching (28.7 %). Methadone caused inhibition of lubiprostone-stimulated Cl− currents in T84 cells and control; lubiprostone- and forskolin/IBMX-stimulated recombinant hClC-2 Cl− currents may be the basis for reduced efficacy of lubiprostone in methadone-treated patients.
Thermochemistry of lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore

A thermodynamic study was carried out to resolve discrepancies in the enthalpy of formation and related parameters for lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore. The homogeneity field for single phase pyrochlore formation was determined to be ~33–35 mol% La2O3 at 1500 °C. High-temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry was performed in sodium molybdate and lead borate solvents on three compositions ranging from La1.98Zr2.01O7 to La2.07Zr1.95O7. The enthalpy of formation from oxides at 25 °C, ?H0f,ox, for stoichiometric lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore is -107.3 ± 5.1 kJ/mol, and the standard enthalpy of formation from elements, ?H0f,el, is -4102.2 ± 6.0 kJ/mol. La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore was found by differential thermal analysis to be stable up to its melting point. The melting point and the fusion enthalpy of La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore were measured as 2295 ± 10 °C and ~350 kJ/mol, respectively.
Radiation‐Induced Surface Conductivity in an Alkaline‐Earth Boroaluminosilicate Glass Measured with Elevated‐Temperature Scanning Probe Microscopy

A 50 mW 325 nm He:Cd laser was used to irradiate the fracture surface of a commercial alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate display glass (Corning Code 1737) held at temperatures above 800 K. After this treatment, the surface of the glass was found to be conductive for several hours in a temperature range between room temperature and 850 K. The conductivity shows an activation energy of 0.18 eV. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements indicate that the glass surface is semiconducting with a bandgap of ∼4.4 eV. It is possible to form topographical images of the surface of the glass using the electron tunneling current; the observed topography corresponds to that acquired using atomic force imaging from the same area.
Activity enhancement and selectivity change in propene oxidation by the catalytic effect of hot electrons

Abstract Catalytic effect of hot-electron flow through a catalyst was investigated for propene oxidation. Increase of overall reaction rate as well as selectivity change were found experimentally during flow of hot electrons and above a certain threshold of current density. Selectivities of 36.4% for propylene oxide and 9% for CO 2 were observed on gold surfaces.
Electron and hole polaron asymmetry in a two-band Peierls-Hubbard material

A combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the quasi-one-dimensional mixed-valence insulator (Pt(en){sub 2})(Pt(en){sub 2}Cl{sub 2}){center dot}(ClO{sub 4}){sub 4} (en=N{sub 2}C{sub 2}H{sub 8}) is given. Three intragap absorptions, observed directly by near- and mid-infrared single-crystal transmission experiments and indirectly by resonance-Raman excitation profiles, can be {ital quantitatively} accounted for with an extended Peierls-Hubbard chain model incorporating 3/4-filling of two bands, with striking asymmetry between electron and hole polarons. Analogies are drawn to modeling other strong-correlation novel materials, including oxide superconductors.
The role of the anterior limb of the anterior commissure in olfaction

Abstract Behavioral measures were used to investigate the effects of lesions of olfactory system structures upon olfactory function in rats. Performance in odor discrimination and detection paradigms was not affected by unilateral bulb removal, or by unilateral or bilateral commissural lesions destroying less than 50% of both anterior limbs. A complete loss of discriminative performance followed bilateral commissural transection, though the habit was reestablished with retraining. Such loss also occurred in animals trained in the odor detection paradigm, indicating that a loss of discriminative ability per se was not responsible for postoperative performance deficits. A successively increased threshold followed unilateral commissural transection, unilateral bulb removal, and bilateral commissural transection, whereas all three procedures produced the same decrease in adaptation rates. It was concluded that two anatomically and functionally discrete systems course through the anterior limb of the anterior commissure. The first, consisting of decussating fibers, summates intensitive functions of each half of the olfactory system. The second, consisting of commissural fibers, mediates a central component of olfactory adaptation.
Antecedents and concomitants of parenting stress in adolescent mothers in foster care.

Abstract Objective This study's aim was to examine variables associated with different short-term trajectories in multiply disadvantaged adolescent mothers by investigating antecedents and concomitants of parenting stress. Method We followed 49 adolescent mothers (ages 14–18 at study outset) who were wards in Illinois foster care using a longitudinal correlational design. We examined whether parenting variables (childrearing beliefs, quality of parent-child interactions, and child abuse risk) and personal adjustment variables (emotional distress and social support) at initial assessment predicted parenting stress measured at follow-up (a mean of 22.5 months later). We also examined concurrent relationships between parenting stress and mothers’ adaptive functioning in educational, social support, and childbirth areas at follow-up. Results We found that parenting variables, but not personal adjustment variables, predicted later parenting stress. Results also showed that current adaptive functioning was significantly related to parenting stress. Specifically, educational status and social support predicted concurrent parenting stress, whereas number of childbirths did not. Conclusions These findings extend the small literature on the link between parenting difficulties and parenting stress to adolescent mothers in foster care. Parenting challenges, particularly as reflected in unrealistic childrearing expectations, appear to be markers for later parenting stress. Considering the longitudinal relationships observed, early and periodic assessment of adolescent mothers’ parenting knowledge, skills, and interactions is recommended. Also, given that this study found concurrent social support and educational status to covary with current parental stress, these variables, and others for which they may serve as proxy, are implicated for careful monitoring.
A multiple-method knowledge-acquisition shell for the automatic generation of knowledge-acquisition tools

Abstract The use of predefined models of problem-solving methods is receiving considerable attention from researchers in the area of knowledge acquisition. Using these models, developers of knowledge-acquisition tools are able to prescribe the roles in which knowledge is used in completing a given task. A number of method-oriented architectures based on a single problem-solving method have been developed by various research groups. Because the methods are domain-independent, methodoriented architectures are limited by the fact that knowledge roles that depend on domain-specific considerations cannot be represented using the model of problem solving. In addition, the interface between the knowledge-acquisition tool and the application expert cannot convey adequately the role of each knowledge type in the task model. PROTEGE-II is a knowledge-acquisition shell that we are building to generate knowledge-acquisition tools automatically without presupposing a specific model of problem solving. The shell manages a library of mechanisms—procedures of grain size smaller than that of problem-solving methods. Mechanisms can be combined in PROTEGE-II to construct problem-solving methods and to define the roles of knowledge that depend on domain considerations. Furthermore, PROTEGE-II utilizes the concept of adaptation in interfaces to allow the knowledge engineer to produce interfaces that are task- and domain-specific. In this paper, we present the PROTEGE-II shell and examine the components of its architecture. We also demonstrate the use of PROTEGE-II with a running example and discuss the design techniques used to overcome the limitations of method-specific architectures.
Defective nitric oxide production impairs angiotensin II-induced Na-K-ATPase regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Angiotensin (ANG) II via ANG II type 1 receptors (AT1R) activates renal sodium transporters including Na-K-ATPase and regulates sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. It is reported that at a high ...
On the Cauchy problem for the transport equation with random noise

Abstract We establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the Cauchy problem for the transport equation with random noise in R d . When the vector field is time-periodic and the noise is multiplicative and nondegenerate, we show the existence of a time-periodic measure, which includes an invariant measure as a special case.
A Parametric Study on Particulate Al-SiC Composite Bolted Joints

The main objective of this study is to predict theoretically the stress distributions around the holes in a bolted joint made of particulate metal matrix composite and to investigate the associated load transfer efficiencies both for a single and double lap bolted joints. A three-dimensional finite element parametric model has been developed to examine the effects of various design parameters on the structural performance of such joints. The main feature of this model is explicit modeling of the sliding interfaces between the connected plates and the washers, and those between the hole and the bolt. The model response showed an excellent agreement with a closed form solution as well as experimental data. The results indicated that unsymmetric configuration of single lap joints causes bending as the load is applied, which is opposite of the double lap joints. This research quantifies the relationship between the stress developed around the hole and washer diameter, tightening pressure, and clearance between the bolt and hole. It was also observed that variations in Young's modulus have no significant effect on the stress concentration around the hole.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effect of Atmospheric Contaminants on Paper Chromatography of Urinary Indole and Phenol Acids

SAMPLES of human urine have been examined for indole and phenol acids as a matter of routine in this laboratory for several months; the methods used for extraction and two-dimensional paper chromatography were described earlier1,2. The chromatograms were satisfactory until certain days in April, when the normally pink and purple spots given by indoles with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde showed a diminished colour intensity and brown discoloration. The colours became so weak in May that indole spots could not be seen with certainty. Unlike the indoles, the phenolic acids gave colours which were normal immediately after spraying with diazotized sulphanilic acid, but which faded and were discoloured afterwards to an increasing extent. No improvement was obtained when the components of the chromatographic solvents were purified extensively.
Species-specific patterns of glycoprotein expression in the developing rodent caudoputamen: association of 5'-nucleotidase activity with dopamine islands and striosomes in rat, but with extrastriosomal matrix in mouse.

The glycoprotein 5′-nucleotidase is a cell surface phosphatase and represents a new marker for striosomes in the adult rat caudoputamen. We report here on its developmental expression in the rat and mouse striatum, and show an unexpected converse 5′-nucleotidase chemoarchitecture of the caudoputamen in these closely related species. In the rat, 5′-nucleotidase activity was first visible as neuropil staining in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopamine islands of the midstriatum on postnatal day 1, and by the end of the first postnatal week, 5′-nucleotidase-positive dopamine islands also appeared rostrally. This compartmental pattern persisted thereafter, so that in adult animals, in all but the caudal caudoputamen, zones of enhanced 5′-nucleotidase staining were restricted to calbindin-D28k-poor striosomes. Weak 5′-nucleotidase activity also emerged in the matrix. In striking contrast, in the mouse striatum, enhanced 5′-nucleotidase activity was preferentially associated with extrastriosomal tissue. Enzymatic reaction first appeared on embryonic day 18, and developed over the first postnatal week into a mosaic pattern in which the matrix was stained but the dopamine islands were unstained. The matrix staining itself was heterogeneous. After the second postnatal week, most of the caudoputamen was stained, and in adult mice only rostral striosomes expressed low 5′-nucleotidase activity. We conclude that in rats, 5′-nucleotidase represents one of the few substances that maintains a preferential dopamine island/striosome distribution during striatal development. In mice, 5′-nucleotidase activity is expressed preferentially in the matrix during development, and its compartmental pattern is gradually lost with maturation, except very rostrally. These findings do not suggest an instructive role of the enzyme in striatal compartment formation in either species, but do suggest the possibility that 5′-nucleotidase contributes to the differentiation of striatal compartments during development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dramatic effects of speech task on motor and linguistic planning in severely dysfluent parkinsonian speech

In motor speech disorders, dysarthric features impacting intelligibility, articulation, fluency and voice emerge more saliently in conversation than in repetition, reading or singing. A role of the basal ganglia in these task discrepancies has been identified. Further, more recent studies of naturalistic speech in basal ganglia dysfunction have revealed that formulaic language is more impaired than novel language. This descriptive study extends these observations to a case of severely dysfluent dysarthria due to a parkinsonian syndrome. Dysfluencies were quantified and compared for conversation, two forms of repetition, reading, recited speech and singing. Other measures examined phonetic inventories, word forms and formulaic language. Phonetic, syllabic and lexical dysfluencies were more abundant in conversation than in other task conditions. Formulaic expressions in conversation were reduced compared to normal speakers. A proposed explanation supports the notion that the basal ganglia contribute to formulation of internal models for execution of speech.
The effects of Clostridiumperfringens enterotoxin on intracellular levels or transport of uridine, thymidine and leucine do not fully explain enterotoxin-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in vero cells

Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin (CPE) has been shown previously to inhibit the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into acid-insoluble material but the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. It has also been shown that extracellular calcium is required for some CPE effects. In this report, it is shown that CPE completely and virtually simultaneously inhibits incorporation of precursors into RNA, DNA and protein in either the presence or absence of extracellular divalent cations and that changes in intracellular precursor levels did not consistently correlate with this CPE-induced inhibition of incorporation. These results strongly suggest that CPE can inhibit macromolecular synthesis, not just inhibit precursor transport. It is inferred from this that CPE can affect DNA and RNA synthesis, and possibly protein synthesis, by altering other cellular processes besides, or in addition to, precursor transport and these effects then lead to a shutdown of macromolecular synthesis.
B2B e-commerce adoption decisions in Taiwan: The interaction of cultural and other institutional factors

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce has become an important initiative among firms in the last few years. This study is based on data derived from over 20 interviews with CEOs, CIOs, and MIS managers in electronics and textile companies in Taiwan. This study contributes to existing literature by describing the degree to which various organizational, industrial, governmental and cultural factors influence B2B e-commerce adoption decisions in Taiwan. It is one of the first studies investigating the interaction of B2B e-commerce adoption decision factors and provides insights into the impact of Chinese culture on B2B adoption. Results indicate that organizational, industrial, governmental, and cultural factors do indeed influence B2B e-commerce adoption decisions. In addition, the nature of the cultural influence is dictated by industry conditions.
Optional shift, and discrimination learning with redundant relevant dimensions: Predictions of an attentional model

Abstract The Zeaman-House-Lovejoy (ZHL) model for discrimination learning involves interacting perceptual and response learning processes, with rate parameters ϕ and θ, respectively. This paper describes a number of predictions of the ZHL model for the optional shift paradigm. Kendler and Kendler showed that the proportion of subjects who learn an optional shift as a reversal increases with subject's age, and Campione and others have argued that this trend may reflect developmental variation in parameters like ϕ and θ. Our main result is a formula specifying the dependence of reversal probability on ϕ and θ for the ZHL model.
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 activity sheds the ectodomain of the amyloid precursor-like protein 2 and regulates protein expression in proximal tubule cells

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a zinc protease that mediates ectodomain shedding of numerous receptors including Notch and members of the amyloid precursor protein family (APP, AP...
Quantitative measurement of food spreadability using the vane method

This study was performed to describe an application of the vane method for the rapid, quantitative measurement of spreadability, a subjective, textural property. Yield points of thirteen commercial food items were determined and related to spreadability using models HBTDV-I and 5X HBTDV-I Brookfield viscometers equipped with three different vanes. Spreadability strongly impacts consumer approval of a food. This textural property has been linked to the yield stress of a material, but observations support that strain at yielding may also be important. A textural map, showing yield stress and yield strain of the selected foods was created to chart regions of spreadability.
Medical libraries in developing countries

(1969). Medical libraries in developing countries. International Library Review: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 423-429.
Single-wavelength phasing strategy for quasi-racemic protein crystal diffraction data.

Racemic protein crystallography offers two key features: an increased probability of crystallization and the potential advantage of phasing centric diffraction data. In this study, a phasing strategy is developed for the scenario in which a crystal is grown from a mixture in which anomalous scattering atoms have been incorporated into only one enantiomeric form of the protein molecule in an otherwise racemic mixture. The structure of a protein crystallized in such a quasi-racemic form has been determined in previous work [Pentelute et al. (2008), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 9695–9701] using the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. Here, it is shown that although the phases from such a crystal are not strictly centric, their approximate centricity provides a powerful way to break the phase ambiguity that ordinarily arises when using the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) method. It is shown that good phases and electron-density maps can be obtained from a quasi-racemic protein crystal based on single-wavelength data. A prerequisite problem of how to establish the origin of the anomalous scattering substructure relative to the center of pseudo-inversion is also addressed.
Inspiratory nasal obstruction secondary to alar and nasal valve collapse: Technique for repair using autogenous cartilage

Summary Inspiratory nasal obstruction secondary to alar and nasal valve collapse results because of inadequate support of the lateral nasal wall and ala. This support can be restored by using curved autogenous cartilage supporting grafts placed in precisely shaped recipient pockets.
Raingage Network Requirements from a Simulated Convective Complex Weather Modification Experiment

Abstract A convective complex weather modification experiment was simulated using Monte Carlo techniques. The purpose was to estimate the optimum raingage density for evaluation of a possible future experiment. The data base consisted of radar volume scans made within 150 km of Miles City, Montana, during May–July 1977. A total of 103 convective complexes were identified and tracked from radar data. Raingage networks of various densities were simulated under the lowest-tilt radar scans to estimate total rainfall accumulation from each complex. Randomly chosen rainfall amounts were increased by given percentages to simulate assumed seeding treatments. A Monte Carlo scheme yielded estimates of the number of experimental units required for various combinations of α- and β-probability levels, treatment effects (percentage of increases) and raingage densities. Applying these results to the numbers of operationally available convective complexes as a function of area gave estimates of the optimal spacing and se...