cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semiautomated intraocular laser surgery using handheld instruments

Background and Objective: In laser retinal photocoagulation, hundreds of dot-like burns are applied. We introduce a robot-assisted technique to enhance the accuracy and reduce the tedium of the procedure. Materials and Methods: Laser burn locations are overlaid on preoperative retinal images using common patterns such as grids. A stereo camera/monitor setup registers and displays the planned burn locations overlaid on realtime video. Using an active handheld micromanipulator, a7 � 7 grid of burns spaced 650mm apart is applied to both paper slides and porcine retina in vitro using 30 millisecomds laser pulses at 532 nm. Two scenarios were tested: unaided, in which the micromanipulator is inert and the laser fires at a fixed frequency, and aided, in which the micromanipulator actively targets burn locations and the laser fires automatically upon target acquisition. Error is defined as the distance from the center of the observed burn mark to the preoperatively selected target location. Results: An experienced retinal surgeon performed trials with and without robotic assistance, on both paper slides and porcine retina in vitro. In the paper slide experiments at an unaided laser repeat rate of 0.5 Hz, error was 125� 62mm with robotic assistance and 149� 76mm without (P < 0.005), and trial duration was 70� 8 seconds with robotic assistance and 97� 7 seconds without (P < 0.005). At a repeat rate of 1.0 Hz, error was 129� 69mm with robotic assistance and 166� 91mm without (P < 0.005), and trial duration was 26� 4 seconds with robotic assistance and 47� 1 seconds without (P < 0.005). At a repeat rate of 2.0 Hz on porcine retinal tissue, error was 123� 69mm with robotic assistance and 203� 104mm without (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Robotic assistance can increase the accuracy of laser photocoagulation while reducing the duration of the operation. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:264–273, 2010. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties

Abstract Five styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/clay nanocomposite or hybrid systems were synthesized via mechanical mixing of SBR using a Brabender mixer and a 2-roll mill in the presence of unmodified sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay, MMT modified with octadecylamine (C18amine), MMT modified with a zwitterionic surfactant, octadecyldimethyl betaine (C18DMB), and MMT modified with a polymerizable cationic surfactant, vinylbenzyl octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (VODAC) or vinylbenzyl dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (VDAC). The surfactant chain length and functional groups affected the dispersion of clay nanolayers in the matrix and the overall properties of the nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed peaks corresponding to intercalated structures; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations agreed well with XRD assessment of the composites. SBR/VODAC-MMT system exhibited the best dispersion among the nanocomposites studied. VODAC-MMT was partially exfoliated in SBR matrix and the a...
Margins of stability of inner-current loop of peak current-mode controlled PWM dc-dc converters

This paper presents expressions for the limiting value of the duty cycle and the minimum value of the slope compensation for marginally stable operation as well as for the normalized crossover frequency, the maximum duty cycle, and the value of the slope compensation at a required phase margin. These quantities describe the performance of the inner-current loop in peak current-mode controlled PWM dc-dc converters. The derivations are based on the Pade approximation of z = exp(sT s ). The results of this paper can be used for the design of the inner-current loop with a specified phase margin.
Inhibition of surfactant activity by Pneumocystis carinii organisms and components in vitro

This study examines the direct inhibitory effects of Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) organisms and chemical components on the surface activity and composition of whole calf lung surfactant (WLS) and calf...
The next generation of microarray research: applications in evolutionary and ecological genomics

Microarray technology is one of the key developments in recent years that has propelled biological research into the post-genomic era. With the ability to assay thousands to millions of features at the same time, microarray technology has fundamentally changed how biological questions are addressed, from examining one or a few genes to a collection of genes or the whole genome. This technology has much to offer in the study of genome evolution. After a brief introduction on the technology itself, we then focus on the use of microarrays to examine genome dynamics, to uncover novel functional elements in genomes, to unravel the evolution of regulatory networks, to identify genes important for behavioral and phenotypic plasticity, and to determine microbial community diversity in environmental samples. Although there are still practical issues in using microarrays, they will be alleviated by rapid advances in array technology and analysis methods, the availability of many genome sequences of closely related species and flexibility in array design. It is anticipated that the application of microarray technology will continue to better our understanding of evolution and ecology through the examination of individuals, populations, closely related species or whole microbial communities.
Housing tenure transitions of older households: Life cycle, demographic, and familial factors☆

Abstract Understanding the housing choices of the older households will grow in importance as the baby boom generation starts to retire. This analysis utilizes a rich longitudinal data set (PSID) to provide insight into the reasons why older households make housing transitions. Because of the richness of the data, this analysis is able to control for life transitions, a household's income and wealth, and connection to one's children in predicting when a homeowner makes a housing transition. The results demonstrate that age is not related directly to housing tenure choice for older households. Instead, having lower health status and being a single head of household is the important predictor of housing tenure transitions. At the same time, very few life changing events immediately lead a homeowner to become a renter, although they do influence the decision to downsize or consumer home equity. Finally, living next to one's children lowers the probability of becoming a renter or downsizing, and having richer children increases the probability of downsizing and thereby consuming one's housing wealth.
Holocene foraminiferal radiocarbon record of paleocirculation in the Santa Barbara Basin

Differences in radiocarbon apparent ages between coexisting planktonic and benthic (B-P) foraminifers in the Santa Barbara Basin contain information about changes in the age (and thus the source) of water entering the basin. The Holocene sequence indicates a greater variability in circulation than previously detected. During the early Holocene, ca. 9 ka, B-P 1 4 C apparent age differences fluctuated between 220 and 560 1 4 C yr, similar to rapid variations seen during the Younger Dryas and the last glacial episode. During the relatively stable middle Holocene (8.5-2 ka), B-P 1 4 C apparent age differences averaged 440 1 4 C yr. After 2 ka, the average B-P 1 4 C apparent age difference increased to 620 1 4 C yr, which has persisted until the present. The shift in B-P 1 4 C apparent age differences likely represents a change in the strength or source of North Pacific Intermediate Water production and is concurrent with changes in regional climate patterns as well as with changes in temperature and accumulation rates measured in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core, suggesting large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation patterns.
The Role of Gender and Previous Participation in a Summer Program on Gifted Adolescents' Self-Concepts Over Time

The purpose of this study was to identify whether gifted adolescents' academic, general, and emotional stability self concepts would increase or decrease during time spent in a residential summer program for the gifted. Gender and previous summer program participation were also examined as potential moderators. Participants included 140 gifted adolescents enrolled in a 3-week summer program. Self concept was measured using the Self-Description Questionnaire II (Marsh, 1990). Results were analyzed using a series of repeated measures ANOVAs. Application of the results, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Data mining corrosion from Eddy current non-destructive tests

Quicker, more effective methods of corrosion prediction and classification can help to ensure a safe and operational transportation system for both civilian and military sectors. This is especially critical now as transportation providers attempt to meet the increased expense of repairing aging aircraft with smaller budgets. These budget constraints make it imperative to find corrosion and to correctly determine the appropriate time to replace corroded parts. If the part is replaced too soon, the result is wasted resources. However, if the part is not replaced soon enough, it could cause a catastrophic accident. The discovery of models that limit the possibility of a costly accident while optimizing resource utilization would allow transportation providers to efficiently focus their maintenance efforts. While our concern in this study was with aircraft, the results will also be useful to other transportation providers. This paper describes the discovery and comparison of empirical models to predict corrosion damage from non-destructive test (NDT) data. The NDT data were derived from eddy current (EC) scans of the United States Air Force's (USAF) KC-135 aircraft. While we might suspect a link between NDT results and corrosion, up until now this link has not been formally established. Instead, the NDT data have been converted into false color images that are analyzed visually by maintenance operators. The models we discovered are quite complex and suggest that with the appropriate data mining approaches we can sometimes more effectively handle noisy data through more complex models rather than simpler ones. Our results also show that while a variety of modeling techniques can predict corrosion with reasonable accuracy, regression trees are particularly effective in modeling the complex relationships between the EC measurements and the actual amount of corrosion.
Competitive 13C and 18O kinetic isotope effects on CO2 reduction catalyzed by Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl

Competitive 13C and 18O kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) on CO2 reduction catalyzed by Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl (1) under photocatalytic conditions and using Na(Hg) amalgam as a sacrificial reducing agent are reported. The analysis of the measured KIEs rules out the outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism and indicates that CO2 binding to the reduced rhenium complex is the rate determining step in the reduction of CO2 by 1 under these conditions.
Neural networks and fuzzy logic in intelligent control

An introduction to fuzzy controllers and neural network controllers is presented, and methods for merging their capabilities to design hybrid neurofuzzy controllers (NFCs) are discussed. NFCs provide the knowledge representation power of fuzzy controllers and the learning capabilities of artificial neural networks. Several examples are given to contrast the architecture of the NFCs with individual fuzzy controllers or neural network controllers. The major elements of neurocontrol, a term used to refer to the neural networks that serve as controllers, are reviewed, with special emphasis on the learning behavior of these networks. Recent research on integrating neural networks with fuzzy logic control is outlined. It is shown that both of these techniques can use interpolative reasoning, which enables them to go beyond the traditional true-false restriction of the artificial intelligence symbolic methods. >
Clofarabine combinations as acute myeloid leukemia salvage therapy.

BACKGROUND. Outcome of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory. Clofarabine is a nucleoside analog with activity in adult AML. Combinations with cytarabine in AML are feasible and effective. Idarubicin is another active AML drug, which has not yet been tested with clofarabine. METHODS. The authors therefore designed a phase I study of clofarabinecytar- abine, plus idarubicin. Patients with primary refractory or first-relapse AML were assigned to either clofarabine plus idarubicin (CI) if previously exposed to cytara- bine with a response lasting <12 months, or clofarabine and idarubicin plus cytarabine (CIA) for responses � 12 months, or if never exposed to cytarabine. A standard ''3 1 3'' phase 1 design was followed to define maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Forty-four patients were treated (23 CI; 21 CIA). RESULTS. Dose-limiting toxicities were hyperbilirubinemia and hepatic transami- nase elevations for CI-treated patients in addition to mucositis and diarrhea for CIA-treated patients. MTD for CI was clofarabine 22.5 mg/m 2 intravenously daily 3 5 and idarubicin 10 mg/m 2 intravenously daily 3 3. MTD for CIA was clofara- bine 22.5 mg/m 2 intravenously 3 5, idarubicin 6 mg/m 2 intravenously 3 3, and cytarabine 0.75 g/m 2 intravenously 3 5 days.
The role of radiation therapy in the control of locoregional and metastatic cancer

High energy X-rays have been used for cancer therapy since their discovery in 1895. Major radiobiological discoveries and technological advances in radiation physics have greatly increased the accuracy of radiation. The recent integration of radiation therapy and imaging systems provides radiation oncologists with sophisticated dose delivery capability allowing continued improvements in the control of loco-regional and metastatic disease while decreasing toxicity. Key technical aspects of current radiation therapy are described with examples extending to several clinical areas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:627–638. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mixed Messages: Party Dissent and Mass Opinion on European Integration

Mass opposition to Europe may stem from mainstream as well as formally Euroskeptic parties. Large parties in the member states of the European Union (EU) tend to combine support for Europe with a h...
Qubit relaxation from evanescent-wave Johnson noise

In many quantum computer architectures, the qubits are in close proximity to metallic device elements. Metals have a high density of photon modes, and the fields spill out of the bulk metal because of the evanescent-wave component. Thus thermal and quantum electromagnetic Johnson-type noise from metallic device elements can decohere nearby qubits. In this Rapid Communication we use quantum electrodynamics to compute the strength of this evanescent-wave Johnson noise as a function of distance $z$ from a metallic half space. Previous treatments have shown unphysical divergences at $z=0$. We remedy this by using a proper nonlocal dielectric function. Decoherence rates of local qubits are proportional to the magnitude of electric or magnetic correlation functions evaluated at the qubit position. We present formulas for the decoherence rates. These formulas serve as an important constraint on future device architectures. Comparison with single-electron spin relaxation measurements shows that evanescent-wave Johnson noise may constitute the dominant relaxation mechanism in experiments performed at low magnetic field.
Self‐reported pain sensitivity: Lack of correlation with pain threshold and tolerance

Many recent studies and several reviews have highlighted the potential clinical applications of experimental pain testing (e.g., for predicting post-surgical pain, treatment responsiveness, etc.). However, the implementation of quantitative sensory testing of pain sensitivity on a broad scale is limited by requirements of time, equipment, and expertise, and their associated costs. One reasonable question is whether one can obtain, via self-report, a valid index of an individual's pain sensitivity and pain tolerance. We analyzed data from a large number of subjects (n=505) who had undergone standardized thermal pain testing, and found that while higher self-reported pain sensitivity was associated with higher scores on a measure of anxiety, no relationship was observed between subjects' self-report of pain sensitivity and subjects' actual pain threshold or tolerance. These findings suggest that circumventing psychophysical pain testing by assessing individuals' self-reported pain sensitivity is unlikely to be a useful strategy.
Practical Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy

Donald H. Johnson and Robert A. Pedowitz, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007. 1216 pages. $259.00. ISBN: 978-0-7817-5812-3. This comprehensive textbook covers many of the current topics in contemporary sports medicine. The easily readable chapters each begin with a list of key points that highlight the particular topic covered by the chapter. The multiple authors who collaborated and contributed to this book have brought a wealth of experience and an international perspective to their assigned topics. The book provides …
Super-Grid Modeling of the Elastic Wave Equation in Semi-Bounded Domains

We develop a super-grid modeling technique for solving the elastic wave equation in semi-bounded two- and three-dimensional spatial domains. In this method, waves are slowed down and dissipated in sponge layers near the far-field boundaries. Mathematically, this is equivalent to a coordinate mapping that transforms a very large physical domain to a significantly smaller computational domain, where the elastic wave equation is solved numerically on a regular grid. To damp out waves that become poorly resolved because of the coordinate mapping, a high order artificial dissipation operator is added in layers near the boundaries of the computational domain. We prove by energy estimates that the super-grid modeling leads to a stable numerical method with decreasing energy, which is valid for heterogeneous material properties and a free surface boundary condition on one side of the domain. Our spatial discretization is based on a fourth order accurate finite difference method, which satisfies the principle of summation by parts. We show that the discrete energy estimate holds also when a centered finite difference stencil is combined with homogeneous Dirichlet conditions at several ghost points outside of the far-field boundaries. Therefore, the coefficients in the finite difference stencils need only be boundary modified near the free surface. This allows for improved computational efficiency and significant simplifications of the implementation of the proposed method in multi-dimensional domains. Numerical experiments in three space dimensions show that the modeling error from truncating the domain can be made very small by choosing a sufficiently wide super-grid damping layer. The numerical accuracy is first evaluated against analytical solutions of Lamb’s problem, where fourth order accuracy is observed with a sixth order artificial dissipation. We then use successive grid refinements to study the numerical accuracy in the more complicated motion due to a point moment tensor source in a regularized layered material.
The effects of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine as local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia on fetal heart rate monitoring parameters

Abstract The effects of saline-induced pressure-volume changes in the epidural space, and bupivacaine and chloroprocaine as local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia, on various fetal heart rate monitor parameters were investigated in 34 low-risk women. Epidural space praaure-volume changes, bupivacaine, and chloroprocaine had no effect on the incidence of pathologic periodic fetal heart rate changes, the level of the baseline fetal heart rate, or the level of uterine activity units. Epidural space pressure-volume changes and chloroprocaine did not affect fetal heart rate variability. The use of bupivacaine was associated with a significant increase in fetal heart rate variability. (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 141:717, 1981.)
Studies on the stimulation of hemopoiesis by batyl alcohol.

Abstract 1.1. The hemopoietic effects in normal rats of oral batyl alcohol consist of erythrocytosis, due to the production of microcytes, together with reticulocytosis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, and hyperplasia of all myeloid elements. 2.2. The erythrocytic response is identical with that induced by the thermostable, ether-soluble plasma erythropoietic factor and is not associated with increased hemoglobin or hematocrit levels. Batyl alcohol also fails to enhance the incorporation of iron 59 in hemoglobin of recipient rats or in vitro bone marrow cultures. 3.3. Larger amounts of batyl alcohol are required to elicit leukocytosis, which is primarily the result of a relative and absolute neutrophilia, than are needed to exert detectable erythropoietic and thrombopoietic activity. 4.4. It is suggested that batyl alcohol or some closely related substance may play an important role in the regulatory control of hemopoiesis.
Biological Control of Citrus Blackfly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Texas

Surveys of citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (1977–1982) indicated a widespread current distribution of the exotic parasite Encarsia opulenta Silvestri, and suggested competitive displacement of E. clypealis Silvestri and Amitus hesperidum Silvestri in most populations. Studies demonstrated the capability of E. opulenta to rapidly suppress high-density CBF infestations, and to maintain a stable coexistence with its host at equilibrium densities within the range from 0.001 to 0.005 CBF per leaf without periodic disruption.
Ion-Implantation Getiering of Impurities in CdTe

This is the first reported use of ion-implantation damage gettering of impurities in CdTe to provide high-quality substrates for the epitaxial growth of appropriate binary or ternary compounds, or for related applications. We describe the results of photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed on samples of Bridgeman-grown CdTe to study both the annealing behavior and gettering effects in this material. From the PL results, it was found that impurity gettering occurs at temperatures at which liquid phase epitaxy take place (~500°C) so that these two fabrication procedures are compatible. It was also found that the optimum anneal time at this temperature is four hours.
Violence and Memory: The Politics of Denial

IN MY WORK AS AN HISTORIAN I am drawn to matters of violence: torture, mass murder, sexual slavery, even genocide fascinate me.' Nor am I fond of happy endings-my research has been about Joan of Arc, other women persecuted as witches, women forced into military brothels, and married priests. Losers all. I do sometimes ask myself why I have this macabre turn of mind. Why, although I am a feminist who refuses to think of herself as a victim, still I write about women forced into sexual slavery, or burned at the stake-clearly, the most victimized of women. These are heavy topics, no matter what discipline one uses to analyze them. I am not trained in the academic study of religion; rather, I practice women's history and serve as a volunteer human rights observer. My work in both these fields forces me to think about violence.
Sizing and ranging criteria for SAR images of steel and wood specimens

The use of microwave and radar sensors in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of damaged materials and structures has been proven to be a promising approach. In this paper, a portable imaging radar sensor utilizing 10 GHz central frequency and stripmap synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging was applied to steel and wood specimens for size and range determination. Relationships between range and properties of SAR images (e.g. maximum amplitude and total SAR amplitude) were developed and reported for various specimens including a steel bar (2.5 cm by 2.5 cm by 28.5 cm), a wood bar (2.5 cm by 2.5 cm by 28.5 cm), a steel plate (39.7 cm by 57.9 cm by 1.75 cm), and a wood board (30.5 cm by 30.5 cm by 1.8 cm). Various ranges from 30 cm to 100 cm were used on these specimens. In our experiment, attenuation of radar signals collected by the imaging radar system on different material specimens was measured and modeled. Change in the attenuation of maximum SAR amplitude was observed in different materials. It is found that SAR images can be used to distinguish materials of different compositions and sizes.
Distribution drivers and physiological responses in geothermal bryophyte communities.

Premise of study Our ability to explain community structure rests on our ability to define the importance of ecological niches, including realized ecological niches, in shaping communities, but few studies of plant distributions have combined predictive models with physiological measures. Methods Using field surveys and statistical modeling, we predicted distribution drivers in geothermal bryophyte (moss) communities of Lassen Volcanic National Park (California, USA). In the laboratory, we used drying and rewetting experiments to test whether the strong species-specific effects of relative humidity on distributions predicted by the models were correlated with physiological characters. Key results We found that the three most common bryophytes in geothermal communities were significantly affected by three distinct distribution drivers: temperature, light, and relative humidity. Aulacomnium palustre, whose distribution is significantly affected by relative humidity according to our model, and which occurs in high-humidity sites, showed extreme signs of stress after drying and never recovered optimal values of PSII efficiency after rewetting. Campylopus introflexus, whose distribution is not affected by humidity according to our model, was able to maintain optimal values of PSII efficiency for 48 hr at 50% water loss and recovered optimal values of PSII efficiency after rewetting. Conclusions Our results suggest that species-specific environmental stressors tightly constrain the ecological niches of geothermal bryophytes. Tests of tolerance to drying in two bryophyte species corresponded with model predictions of the comparative importance of relative humidity as distribution drivers for these species.
The early laboratory diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses.

The early and accurate diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses remains a problem for the clinical laboratory. Reported here is the systematic compari­ son of the ability of three common glycosaminoglycanuria screening proce­ dure (the Berry spot test, the AMES MPS® spot test, and the gross acid albumin turbidity test) to detect the mucopolysaccharidoses. These tests were run on random urine samples obtained from 34 well characterized cases of mucopolysaccharidosis representing nine different mucopoly­ saccharidosis types. A few random urine samples from normals as well as from selected individuals with other genetic diseases were also tested in the same manner. The Berry spot test with the 10 iA application of urine detected all 34 of the confirmed cases of mucopolysaccharidosis. One of 12 normals and six of eight of the other genetic disorders tested positively at this level. The AMES MPS® spot test failed to detect several Type IV and Type VI mucopoly­ saccharidoses, and the gross acid albumin turbidity test missed several Type III, Type IV, and Type VI cases. The failure of the gross acid albumin turbidity test to detect reliably the most frequently occurring Type III mucopolysaccharidoses, as well as the rarer Type IV and Type VI disorders, renders questionable the use of this procedure for glycosaminoglycanuria screening. The AMES MPS® spot test appears to be capable in detecting Types I, II, and III disorders. Also, this test affords less false positives than the Berry spot test. Unfortunately, it cannot be relied upon to detect the glycosaminoglycanuria found in Type IV and VI disorders. The Berry spot test clearly has the highest sensitivity; however, because of its low specificity, it is concluded that it is imperative that it be used in conjunction with additional urinary glycosaminoglycan analyses in order to establish definitively the presence of glycosaminoglycanuria.
Analysis of detection of serum antibodies in suspected cases with parasitic dseases in Shenzhen city

Objective To detect serum antibodies from suspected cases with parasitic diseases by using CDC detectionplatform and to provide technical basis for hospitals diagnosis and treatment. Methods Suspected cases of clonorchiasis,schistosomiasis, angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and echinococcosis from municipal hospitals and district hospitals, and fourkinds of their serum antibodies were detected by ELISA. Results The total positive rate of serum antibodies in 896 suspected cases was 14.1%(126/896). Positive rates of suspected cases from municipal hospitals and suspected cases fromdistrict hospitals were 13.6%(100/734)and 16.0%(26/162), and the difference between the two groups in positive rates wasnot statistically significant(χ2=0.646,P0.05). Positive rates of the serum antibodies against Clonorchis, Schistosoma,Angiostrongylus and Echinococcus were 16.2%(38/234),17.8%(48/269), 11.6%(22/189)and 8.8%(18/204)respectively.Conclusion There were cases infected with clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and echinococcosis inShenzhen city, heath education, monitoring and management of parasitic diseases should be strengthened.
Practice of the foreign ecological tax revenue and the enlightenment to China

Ecological environmental protection is strengthened abroad through levying carbon dioxide tax,sulfur dioxide tax,tax of development of resources,noise tax,crowded tax and environmental tariff,etc.,but China doesn't set up the ecological tax system which regards ecological environment protection as object yet at present.There exist subject tax category omission,relevant tax category environmental protection factor consider incompletely,ecological tax allowance form first-class issue.The paper proposes using external experience for reference according to the sustainable development theory,through levying the special environmental protection tax,reforming relevant tax categories,improving measures such as tax allowance,to construct the new system of tax system taking ecological tax revenue as main contents.
Building and accessing to WPI Database based on CGI Program in the college library

This paper expounds the building and accessing to WPI Database based on CGI Program in the college library and proposes two measures to be taken in planning and designing WPI Database.
Effects of P. aeruginosa-derived bacterial products on tracheal ciliary function: role of O2 radicals.

he purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of bacterial products derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the function of airway cilia and to assess the role of phagocytes and oxyge...
A Simple Technique for Removal of Eroded Penile Prostheses

AbstractErosion of a penile prosthesis into the urethra is an uncommon complication of implantation. However, such conditions as too large a prosthesis, iatrogenic injury to the urethra at operation, postoperative prosthetic infection and subsequent urethritis may result in this untoward effect. A simple technique for removal of an eroded malleable or self-contained, inflatable or mechanical prosthesis is reported. This procedure is performed without an incision and may be conducted at the bedside with intravenous sedation only.
TH-D-BRB-02: Eclipse Scripting Fundamentals in .NET

Scripting capabilities and application programming interfaces (APIs) are becoming commonly available in modern treatment planning systems. These links to the treatment planning system (TPS) allow users to read data from the TPS, and in some cases use TPS functionality and write data back to the TPS. Such tools are powerful extensions, allowing automation of routine clinical tasks and supporting research, particularly research involving repetitive tasks on large patient populations. The data and functionality exposed by scripting/API capabilities is vendor dependent, as are the languages used by script/API engines, such as the Microsoft .NET framework or Python. Scripts deployed in a clinical environment must be commissioned and validated like any other software tool. This session will provide an overview of scripting applications and a discussion of best practices, followed by a practical introduction to the scripting capabilities of three commercial treatment planning systems. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the scripting capabilities available in several treatment planning systems 2. Learn how to get started using scripting capabilities 3. Understand the best practices for safe script deployment in a clinical environment R. Popple, Varian Medical Systems has provided research support unrelated to the topic of this session.R. Cardan, Varian Medical Systems for grant research, product evaluation, and teaching honorarium.
Abstract 4272: Organoids and patient-derived tumor xenograft of pancreatic adenocarcinoma share morphological and genetic features with the primary tumor

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with a 5-year overall survival rate Histopathological comparison of sections from PDX tumor, organoids, and primary PDAC from a 63-year-old female patient were performed on paraffin embedded tissue. HE 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4272.
Closing the seams: Resolving frequently encountered issues in photogrammetric modelling

Photogrammetry provides an accessible, cost-effective means of creating a high-resolution, digital 3D record of archaeological artefacts. The methodology has been widely adopted, but a number of issues remain, especially in relation to model variability, and to misalignments that result in gaps in the models generated. Two new approaches are presented here that have been shown to increase standardisation during data capture and processing routines. This ensures that models are seamless and quantitatively accurate.
An integral form of the variational nodal method

An integral form of the variational nodal method is formulated, implemented, and tested. The method combines an integral transport treatment of the even-parity flux within the spatial node with an odd-parity spherical harmonics expansion of the Lagrange multipliers at the node interfaces. The response matrices that result from this formulation are compatible with those in the VARIANT code at Argonne National Laboratory. Spatial discretization within each node allows for accurate treatment of homogeneous or heterogeneous node geometries. The integral method is implemented in Cartesian x-y geometry and applied to three benchmark problems. The method's accuracy is compared to that of the standard spherical harmonic formulation of the variational nodal method, and the CPU and memory requirements of the two approaches are compared and contrasted. In general, for calculations requiring higher-order angular approximations, the integral method yields solutions with comparable accuracy while requiring substantially less CPU time and memory than the spherical harmonics approach.
The importance of tying up loose (DNA) ends

In this issue of Blood , Shi et al 1 demonstrate the importance of Ssb1 and Ssb2, 2 highly conserved single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)–binding proteins, in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genome integrity and blood system function. Strikingly, the authors demonstrate that compound loss of Ssb1 and Ssb2 leads to rapid induction of interferons (IFNs) and HSC depletion, underwritten by severe replication stress and genomic instability in HSCs. As many bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes arise from defects in DNA repair, 2 these findings provide new insights into the events and signals that initiate HSC depletion in this context.
Handmaidens to Capitalism

Although I wholeheartedly agree with Gloss, Carr, Reichman, Abdul-Nasiru, and Oestereich (2017) that a focus on those living in the deepest forms of poverty is sorely needed in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, the real issue is not so much who we serve but how we serve, and specifically how we continue to neglect the systemic failures of capitalism at the root of poverty. Ultimately, it is this global market system that determines not only the distribution of wealth but also how wealth is often achieved at the expense of another's poverty. Moreover, it is this system that constrains and undermines capabilities. For these reasons, I am skeptical of the authors’ proposal for mitigating the pervasive POSH bias in our field, especially because this bias seems premised on a pervasive neglect of capitalism the authors fail to fully address.
Photons and polaritons in a broken-time-reversal nonplanar resonator

The combination of twisted resonators with Rydberg polaritons is experimentally explored to simultaneously break inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Besides showing how to design a low-loss optical isolator, the work provides tools for the exploration of topological many-body physics from light.
Modeling Impact of Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters on Income Distribution in the United States

Economic damage due to hurricane activities has been shown to impact income inequality in the coastal states of the United States. We consider 17 other natural hazards, in addition to hurricanes, that affected the entire United States for the period 1970–2013. Two fixed effects models were developed to quantify the relationship between income inequality and economic and demographic variables, including crop and property losses from natural hazard-induced disasters. These models include state-by-year and region-by-year fixed effects models. Our findings show that the damages from all natural hazards impact income distribution across the United States, not only in hurricane-affected areas, but also in non-hurricane states. The results of our study have important implications for the insurance industry and government policymakers.
Explaining Cyberstalking Victimization Against College Women Using a Multitheoretical Approach: Self-Control, Opportunity, and Control Balance:

The foci of the present study are to estimate the extent of cyberstalking victimization, and develop, specify, and test a theoretically based model of cyberstalking victimization among college women. A pursuit- and fear-based measure of victimization was utilized, and three leading theories—self-control, opportunity, and control balance—were tested as explanations of cyberstalking victimization. Key concepts from each theoretical perspective were operationalized using primary survey data from a probability sample of college women (N = 1,987) from two large universities. Results show that approximately 3.4% of female students were victims of cyberstalking during the academic year. Findings from a path model revealed significant direct effects for opportunity and having a control deficit on cyberstalking. The effects of self-control were indirect through these two measures, whereas having a control surplus was not related to victimization risk. Overall, findings support the application of these three theore...
Assessment of failure to rescue after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program procedure-targeted data set

Abstract Objective Open aortic repair (OAR) is associated with higher risk of mortality compared with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The aim of this study was to compare failure to rescue (FTR) after major predischarge complications in patients undergoing OAR and EVAR. Methods Patients who underwent OAR or EVAR in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2011 and 2015 were selected. Patients with ruptured aneurysm and those with type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysms were excluded. The primary outcome was FTR, defined as 30-day mortality in patients who developed at least one complication during their hospital stay. Univariable and multivariable statistics were used. Results A total of 9097 patients underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Of those, 3291 (36.2%) had at least one major predischarge complication, 82.5% after OAR (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.9%-84.1%) vs 21.3% after EVAR (95% CI, 20.4%-22.3%; P Conclusions Although EVAR has fewer complications and lower in-hospital mortality than OAR, FTR after major predischarge complications does not depend on the type of surgical approach. When an in-hospital major complication occurs after EVAR, surgeons should be alert that FTR risk resulting in mortality is similar to that of OAR. Therefore, there is no safety net with EVAR.
Rhetoric and Legitimation

Despite its control over neither “the sword or the purse,” the United States Supreme Court wields a great deal of power. Through its opinions - its use of language -- the Court has affected areas ranging from the fate of snail darters to the power of the executive branch. Judicial scholars, relying on textual exegesis to understand the judicial process, are recognizing increasingly the value of rhetorical criticism. Marc Gold, for example, has argued; “When conjoined with more traditional forms of analysis, a rhetorical perspective should significantly enhance our understanding of the judicial process.”2 The goal of this paper is to respond to Gold’s challenge by illustrating how rhetorical criticism can unlock legal texts. In particular, the critical objects of this analysis are direct reversals by the Supreme Court. However, before begining this critique, we must first establish what is meant by “rhetoric,” and suggest the value of rhetorical criticism. Next we shall demonstrate that judicial opinions are in fact rhetorical texts and direct reversals uniquely rhetorical moments. Evaluation of West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, an instance in which the Court maintained its legitimacy as “the” interpretor of our law while reversing its own prior decision, closes this analysis.
On the Expected Amount of Information from a Non‐Linear Model

An approach to quantifying the amount of information that an experimenter expects to learn from a non-linear model is given. An expected utility for an experiment, E, motivated by the asymptotic form of Shannon information gain between prior and posterior, is defined. This leads to a characterization of the experimenter who expects to learn the most from a non-linear model. Such an experimenter has the design-dependent Jeffreys prior. Sufficient regularity conditions for the equivalence with asymptotic Shannon information gain are given
Implementing Gaze-corrected Videoconferencing.

Lack of gaze awareness is a key failure that hinders the widespread acceptance of videoconferencing. GazeMaster is a project which attempts to provide a software solution to gaze awareness and eye contact. Previous publications have described the general approach of GazeMaster. This paper describes our implementation experience, giving more details of our software architecture, and explaining our approach to head modeling. Our results with respect to video, graphics, and networking are solid. Our computer vision technology, while promising, is still immature, and requires further research.
The Creation and Evolution of the Transcription Center, Smithsonian Institution's Digital Volunteer Platform:

This article discusses the technical design considerations in creating and evolving a digital volunteer platform for transcribing historic documents and collection records. We outline the thought p...
193 PROMOTING HEALTHY BEHAVIOR CHANGES.

Purpose To promote healthy lifestyle changes in overweight residents of Sheridan, MT, and to increase awareness of healthy living behaviors within the general population of Sheridan, MT. Methods An article was written in the weekly local newspaper that included five simple lifestyle changes to promote increase in physical activity, awareness of a healthy diet, and tobacco use cessation. Additionally, a handout was designed for discussion with patients who came into the clinic that fit the target population. Patients were classified as part of the target population if they were overweight or on the cusp of being overweight. Also, patients who came in with conditions that could benefit from the suggested lifestyle changes were considered for possible intervention. Results The patients expressed interest in healthy lifestyles through questions about the handout and about aspects of healthy living pertinent to them. Additionally, the general response from individuals who reviewed the suggestions was that these suggestions are achievable. The effectiveness of the newspaper article is uncertain as when printed, the article had a different title and key formatting was lost. However, there was a positive response about the article from people who had read it. Conclusion An intervention to promote healthy lifestyle changes was done through an article in the local newspaper and one-on-one counseling with clinic patients. The counseling sessions were most effective, as judged by patient feedback; and although the effectiveness of the newspaper article on behavior change is uncertain, it served as an educational piece on awareness of healthy living.
An anisotropic continuum damage model for high-cycle fatigue

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to develop an anisotropic continuum damage model for high-cycle fatigue. A viscodamage model, which can handle frequently observed brittle damage phenomena, i...
Federalist and Anti-Federalist: Two Divergent Concepts of Politics

This article provides a theoretical framework to help us understand the controversies between the federalist and anti-federalists in the early history of the United States of America during the Federal Convention in 1787 as a conflict of two political philosophical traditions. The sources of these opposed traditions may be traced back to the disputes in ancient Greek philosophy, in thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle who defined politics in different ways. Plato grounds his definition of politics in episteme, which means that society should be ruled by the wisest. The federalist argued the best form of government is one where the people could avoid decision-making and leave the wisest representatives to handle politics. In opposition to this, Aristotle believes that politics should be inspired by the notion of phronesis, which means that decisions should be considered collectively. Similarly, the anti-federalist believed that the government tends to be corrupted, and citizens should be suspicious of the government. They believed the ideal way to govern society is to have everyone involved in decision-making.