cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Ratios for Unintended Pregnancy on Various Contraceptive Methods and AEDs in Women with Epilepsy: Interim Analysis from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (IN5-1.006)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy associated with various contraceptive methods (CMs) and categories of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in women with epilepsy (WWE). Background Contraception requires special consideration in WWE because contraceptive hormones have reciprocal interactions with AEDs that may affect seizures and CM efficacy. The relative efficacy of CMs in WWE in the community, however, has received little systematic investigation. Design/Methods: These retrospective data come from the first 350 WWE in the community, 18-47 years old, who completed the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry web-based survey that collected demographic, reproductive, contraceptive, epilepsy and AED data. We calculated prevalence ratios (probability of unplanned pregnancy on method / probability of unplanned pregnancy not on method) for CMs used by the survey population. We carried out univariate ANOVA to determine whether AED category (enzyme inducing EIAED, glucuronidated [lamotrigine, valproate] GLUAED, non enzyme inducing NEIAED and no AED) was a predictor of hormonal v non-hormonal CM failure. Results: Unintended pregnancies occurred in 125 (85.6%) of the 146 women who had pregnancies. Of the 340 pregnancies, 63.2%, were unintended as compared to 49% in a general U.S. population survey of 7,643 women (p = .0001). Prevalence ratios for unplanned pregnancy on various CMs is presented in decreasing order: no contraception - 10.45, withdrawal - 4.20, male condom - 0.72, oral contraceptive - 0.41 and depomedroxyprogesterone - 0.40. Prevalence ratios for AED categories was EIAED - 2.88, no AED - 0.91, GLUAED - 0.32, NEIAED - 0.28. In this interim analysis, ANOVA did not find AED category to be a significant predictor of hormonal versus non-hormonal CM failure. Conclusions: Unintended pregnancy may be more common among WWE than in the general population. Both the CM type and AED category impact the prevalence ratios of unintended pregnancies in WWE. Supported by: Epilepsy Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Herzog has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davis has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals and Schering Plough as an advisory board member.Dr. Davis has received research support from Bayer Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Hauser has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc, Ovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Valeant Pharmaceuticals as consultant. Dr. Saporta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cahill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fowler has nothing to disclose.
Pulse Tube Cryocooler Dynamics and Simulation

The Pulse Tube cryocooler is a relatively new device with a promising future in space grade cryogenics. Unlike many active cryocoolers, the pulse tube is a regenerative type cooler with no cold end moving parts. The lack of cold end moving parts permits it to be used in application with mechanically sensitive or high fidelity components. The pulse tube currently lacks adequate scientific literature and understandings that other space qualified cryocoolers have. A systematic approach to understand, model, and study is provided in this work. Further, the importance of a standardized convention of the dynamically complex pulse tube is elucidated to clarify conflicting accounts found in literature. Flow solutions of the pulse tube demands great conceptual understanding and are carried out though numerical simulation. A 2-D pulse tube is modeled in detail assuming axisymmetric conditions. It is found that flow initialization periods are substantially long in comparison to cycle time due to the great inertial resistance found in pulse tubes along with the large volume associated to the reservoir. During this period, the pulse tube section temperature profile is found to significantly rise prior to a refrigeration permitting profile. It is also found that porous medium (inertial) resistance coefficients can be utilized to sufficiently model long spans of inertance tubing without the need for increased computationally-demanding mesh size.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
My Life Philosophy

Editor’s IntroductionOriginally published in Volume 27, Number 2, Fall 1983, pages 5-12. Nobel laureate Paul Samuelson (1915-2009) was one of the most influential economists of the twentieth centur...
Electromagnetic Hybrid Model for Three-phase Three-leg Transformer DC Bias Based on Jiles-Atherton Hysteresis Theory

The DC current flows into earth as HVDC system runs in monopole,then the DC current flows into the AC transmission system through the neutral point of transformer,leading to the transformer DC bias.The key to DC bias analysis is to obtain accurately magnetic properties of transformer core and to establish the transient model for the transformer.For the transformer electromagnetic hybrid model,the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model based on physical mechanism is adopted to simulate core magnetization performance;the spatial structure of the core and coil of three-phase three-leg transformer is taken as the basis.The law of the exciting current and its harmonic under the condition of DC bias has been studied.Compared with the measured data,consequently,the computation results coincide well with the experiment results.This proposed electromagnetic hybrid model for transformer demonstrates certain feasibility,and improves the accuracy of the model for the magnetic circuit coupling transformer.
Theoretical Study of Photodimerization of Thymine

Thymine has great biological importance, because it is a constituent of the DNA of all living organ isms. Any photochemical event affecting thymine, before or after its incorporation into DNA, has the potential, not only to affect the present cell, but all future progeny of that cell.
Exploring the Influence of Neighborhood-Level Factors on Adolescent Birth Rates in California: A Social-Ecological Approach:

This article examines neighborhood-level factors to help explain why adolescent birth rate trajectories differ in certain communities in California, with rates in some areas remaining elevated or increasing while rates in other areas with similar demographic characteristics declined. Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 94 community stakeholders and 22 focus groups with 186 adolescents from five “promising” communities (with declining adolescent birth rates) and five “struggling” communities (persistently elevated or increasing rates). Promising communities had more employment prospects, better neighbor interactions, and greater educational opportunities for youth. Parent–child communication around sex and youth knowledge of clinics were also more common. In contrast, struggling communities tended to have higher perceived levels of crime and poverty and more negative attitudes toward youth. These findings illustrate the complexity of factors that influence adolescents’ lives and decision-making....
Language ideology, space, and place-based identity formation among the Tzotzil Maya of Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract In this paper we explore notions of within-group language variation in a Tzotzil Maya town of Chiapas, Mexico. Integrating GIS mapping, cultural domain analysis, and ethnographic research we find that the Tzotzil of Chenalho hold a center-diffusion model of language variation in their municipality. We show that, counter to dichotomous models of identity, people see variation between communities as continuous and use spatial distances as a proxy for estimating linguistic differences. However, contrary to our expectations, people do not estimate linguistic distances from their own community; instead, they use the presumed pre-conquest center of the larger ethnic group as a point of reference from which variation emerges. Estimations are further influenced by a notion of a linguistically homogeneous center as well as by socio-political knowledge and stereotypes. These findings suggest that spatial cognition, combined with social and historical factors, may play a pivotal role in processes of identity formation and maintenance. Linguistic ideologies inscribe both deeply buried histories as well as people's conceptualization of space and their place in it.
Modulating the Primary and Secondary Coordination Spheres within a Series of CoII-OH Complexes.

The interplay between the primary and secondary coordination spheres is crucial to determining the properties of transition metal complexes. To examine these effects, a series of trigonal bipyramidal Co–OH complexes have been prepared with tripodal ligands that control both coordination spheres. The ligands contain a combination of either urea or sulfonamide groups that control the primary coordination sphere through anionic donors in the trigonal plane and the secondary coordination sphere through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Variations in the anion donor strengths were evaluated using electronic absorbance spectroscopy and a qualitative ligand field analysis to find that deprotonated urea donors are stronger field ligands than deprotonated sulfonamides. Structural variations were found in the CoII–O bond lengths that range from 1.953(4) to 2.051(3) A; this range in bond lengths were attributed to the differences in the intramolecular hydrogen bonds that surround the hydroxido ligand. A similar trend w...
Dynamic Poisson Factor Analysis

We introduce a novel dynamic model for discrete time-series data, in which the temporal sampling may be nonuniform. The model is specified by constructing a hierarchy of Poisson factor analysis blocks, one for the transitions between latent states and the other for the emissions between latent states and observations. Latent variables are binary and linked to Poisson factor analysis via Bernoulli-Poisson specifications. The model is derived for count data but can be readily modified for binary observations. We derive efficient inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo, that scales with the number of non-zeros in the data and latent binary states, yielding significant acceleration compared to related models. Experimental results on benchmark data show the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art predictive performance. Additional experiments on microbiome data demonstrate applicability of the proposed model to interesting problems in computational biology where interpretability is of utmost importance.
Comparison of Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Waveforms and Latencies Between Nonlinear Measurement Techniques

The nonlinear differential technique is commonly used to remove stimulus artifact when measuring transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). However, to ensure removal of stimulus artifact, the...
Exocrine Drainage of the Transplanted Pancreas: A Review

Pancreas transplant is an important treatment option for insulin dependent diabetic patients as it may result in physiologic euglycemia. Improvements in surgical technique, graft preservation, immunosuppression, diagnosis and management of rejection, and management of post-transplant complications have led to improved patient survival. There are several technical variables to consider when performing a pancreas transplant. One is the type of exocrine drainage to be used. The most common types of exocrine drainage are enteric or bladder drainage. Gastric-exocrine drainage has also been recently introduced. The most commonly cited complications for bladder drainage include metabolic complications, urologic complications and the need for enteric conversion. Many complications related to bladder drainage can be managed non-operatively with Foley catheter drainage. For those complications that cannot be managed in this manner enteric conversion is an option. For enteric drainage complications include anastomotic leak and intra-abdominal abscess, although at rates lower than cited in early literature on the topic. Bladder drainage of exocrine secretions and enteric drainage of exocrine secretions, or a staged procedure with bladder drainage followed by indicated or elective enteric conversion are reasonable options for drainage of the exocrine secretions of the pancreas. Gastric-exocrine drainage is a promising therapy for future exploration.
On the Production of Alternative Music Places: Im-materiality, Labor, and Meaning

AbstractThis article critiques emphases on materiality to the exclusion of immateriality, and vice versa, in the study of place-making. It limns materiality in relation to immateriality, offered as im-materiality, in the creation of artist-initiated venues. On the one hand, musician-cum-venue proprietors harness labor not simply for economic expediency but also to make places commensurate with a web of ideology, belonging, and aesthetics predicated on distinction. On the other, the processes they enlist illustrate that fashioning sites entails im-materiality. The article argues for a fluid understanding of materiality and immateriality in the production of alternative music places that attends more fully to the symbiotic nature of motivations, labor, and social, political, and economic domains, with implications for a variety of arts contexts, scenes, and genres.
The efficacy and safety of adjuvant interferon-alfa therapy in the evolving treatment landscape for resected high-risk melanoma

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Patients with resected stage II or III melanoma are at high risk of recurrence, with 5-year mortality rate of 40–60%. Adjuvant interferon-alfa has demonstrated a small RFS and...
A framework for formal automated analysis of simulation experiments using probabilistic model checking

Simulation experiments contribute to scientific discovery due to the degree and extent of reproducibility that simulation systems provide. On the other hand, domain scientists may lack expertise in simulation programming and the use of effective methods for instrumenting, evaluating, and comparing models. By utilizing formal automated verification methods, we aim to improve the process of evaluating model assumptions against evidence, and to facilitate selection of new hypotheses to maximize information gain while reducing information processing requirements. To this end, to evaluate the results of a simulation experiment against expected regularities, a probabilistic model checking system is coupled with a Domain-Specific Language that expresses abstract finite state verification properties. These specification patterns are evaluated against the run-time Discrete-Time-Markov Chain model abstracted from the data obtained through aspect-driven automated instrumentation.
Physicochemical properties of air discharge-generated manganese oxide nanoparticles: comparison to welding fumes

Exposures to high doses of manganese (Mn) via inhalation, dermal contact or direct consumption can cause adverse health effects. Welding fumes are a major source of manganese containing nanoparticles in occupational settings. Understanding the physicochemical properties of manganese-containing nanoparticles can be a first step in understanding their toxic potential following exposure. In particular, here we compare the size, morphology and Mn oxidation states of Mn oxide nanoparticles generated in the laboratory by arc discharge to those from welding collected in heavy vehicle manufacturing. Fresh nanoparticles collected at the exit of the spark discharge generation chamber consisted of individual or small aggregates of primary particles. These nanoparticles were allowed to age in a chamber to form chain-like aggregates of primary particles with morphologies very similar to welding fumes. The primary particles were a mixture of hausmannite (Mn3O4), bixbyite (Mn2O3) and manganosite (MnO) phases, whereas aged samples revealed a more amorphous structure. Both Mn2+ and Mn3+, as in double valence stoichiometry present in Mn3O4, and Mn3+, as in Mn2O3 and MnOOH, were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the nanoparticles in the laboratory nanoparticles and welding fumes. Dissolution studies conducted for these two Mn samples (aged and fresh fume) reveal different release kinetics of Mn ions in artificial lysosomal fluid (pH 4.5) and very limited dissolution in Gamble's solution (pH 7.4). Taken together, these data suggest several important considerations for understanding the health effects of welding fumes. First, the method of particle generation affects the crystallinity and phase of the oxide. Second, welding fumes consist of multiple oxidation states whether they are amorphous or crystalline or occur as isolated nanoparticles or agglomerates. Third, although the dissolution behavior depends on conditions used for nanoparticle generation, the dissolution of Mn oxide nanoparticles in the lysosome may promote Mn ions translocation into various organs causing toxic effects.
The Flipped Classroom: Addressing the Ultrasound Curriculum Gap in Undergraduate Medical Education

Point-of-care ultrasonography has been shown to improve patient outcomes in a wide array of medical specialties. In response, many medical schools have added ultrasonography into their standard curriculum, while others note the additional time and cost of these courses are barriers to their implementation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new medical school ultrasound curriculum using the flipped classroom model with the primary aim to assess students’ adoption of the flipped classroom model and their perception of the educational benefit of this ultrasound curriculum design. One hundred seventy-nine first year medical students were given access to online ultrasound resources to review prior to five, 1-h, hands-on scanning sessions. After the course concluded, student perception of the flipped classroom design was obtained. On average, 84% of students reviewed the material prior to each session. Student satisfaction with this curriculum design was positive, with the most favorable response occurring when replying to, “This activity was preferable to the traditional lecture format.” Our study demonstrates that the flipped classroom model is an effective and preferable way to expand undergraduate medical education to include ultrasonography without adding to an already full lecture burden.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Kompetensi, dan Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Geotech Sistem Indonesia

Kinerja karyawan di ukur dengan terpenuhinnya target, maka karyawan dituntut untuk dapat memperlihatkan kinerja yang baik, peningkatan kinerja karyawan ini memerlukan beberapa hal seperti motivasi yang tinggi, kompetensi yang memadai, kepemimpinan yang baik, dan lingkungan kerja yang mndukung karyawan untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Pengolahan data dalam penulisan penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 17.0. Metode Penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda dengan data yang diolah adalah Motivasi (X1), Kompetensi (X2), Kepemimpinan (X3), Kinerja (X4) dan Kinerja (Y). Data atau informasi yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner di PT. Geotech Sistem Indonesia. Dari 30 kuesioner yang disebar, kuesioner yang dapat diolah sebanyak 30 kuesioner atau sebanyak 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Koefisien Determinasi bahwa dari semua variabel independen Motivasi (X1), Kompetensi (X2), Kepemimpinan (X3) dan Kinerja (X4) memiliki kemampuan untuk menjelaskan variasi dari variabel dependen Kinerja (Y) sebesar 0,776 atau 77,6% sedangkan sisanya 0,224 atau 22,4% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini. Terdapat pengaruh variabel independen Motivasi (X1) Kompetensi (X2) dan Kepemimpinan (X3) serta Kinerja (X4) secara simultan signifikan mempengaruhi variabel dependen yaitu Kinerja (Y).
Inferring crustal viscosity from seismic velocity: Application to the lower crust of Southern California

Abstract We investigate the role of composition on the viscosity of the lower crust through a joint inversion of seismic P-wave ( V p ) and S-wave ( V s ) velocities. We determine the efficacy of using seismic velocity to constrain viscosity, extending previous research demonstrating robust relationships between seismic velocity and crustal composition, as well as crustal composition and viscosity. First, we calculate equilibrium mineral assemblages and seismic velocities for a global compilation of crustal rocks at relevant pressures and temperatures. Second, we use a rheological mixing model that incorporates single-phase flow laws for major crust-forming minerals to calculate aggregate viscosity from predicted mineral assemblages. We find a robust correlation between crustal viscosity and V p together with V s in the α-quartz regime. Using seismic data, geodetic surface strain rates, and heat flow measurements from Southern California, our method predicts that lower crustal viscosity varies regionally by four orders of magnitude, and lower crustal stress varies by three orders of magnitude at 25 km depth. At least half of the total variability in stress can be attributed to composition, implying that regional lithology has a significant effect on lower crustal geodynamics. Finally, we use our method to predict the depth of the brittle–ductile transition and compare this to regional variations of the seismic–aseismic transition. The variations in the seismic–aseismic transition are not explained by the variations in our model rheology inferred from the geophysical observations. Thus, we conclude that fabric development, in conjunction with compositional variations (i.e., quartz and mica content), is required to explain the regional changes in the seismic–aseismic transition.
Book review: Pius Malekandathil, Joy L. K. Pachau and Tanika Sarkar (eds), Christianity in Indian History: Issues of Culture, Power and Knowledge:

Pius Malekandathil, Joy L. K. Pachau and Tanika Sarkar (eds), Christianity in Indian History: Issues of Culture, Power and Knowledge, Primus Books, New Delhi, 2016, xiv + 283 pp., ₹1,750.
Radiation Safety and Nuclear Medicine Policies and Procedures

There is a growing concern over possible adverse effects from medical applications of ionizing radiation. Hospital personnel must be educated in procedures to minimize exposure to themselves and their patients. Basic radiation safety procedures to protect personnel and patients are discussed. Examples of the nuclear medicine policies and procedures used for lymphatic mapping are provided.
Phase Shifting and Life Span in the Codling Moth, Laspeyresia Pomonella (L)

Insects are sometimes useful as models in the study of effects of environmental factors on development and life span. At Beltsville, in the Chemical and Biophysical Control Laboratory, Sullivan et al. (1969) determined that manipulation of the photoperiod affects the rate of weight gain in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae (F.).
Direct Gaze as a Social Stimulus: The Example of Aggression

The study of gazes and glances, like research on other forms of nonverbal behavior, has developed without regard for traditional disciplinary lines. It has brought together ethologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists, and several subspecies of psychologists. This diversity has provided a healthy hybrid vigor, so that the study of nonverbal behavior is now flourishing even though 20 years ago it appeared to be nearly extinct. In some ways, however, the diversity has been more apparent than real; communication among investigators in different disciplines was initially facilitated by a number of shared assumptions. Paramount among these assumptions was the notion that the repertoire of nonverbal behaviors, including eye movements, constituted a set of signals, each of which had a specific and invariant meaning. Opinions diverged as to who had the capacity to read these meanings. For the ethologists, membership in the same species was considered a sufficient qualification. For the anthropologists after Darwin (1872) and the social psychologists before Tomkins (1962, 1963), Ekman (1972), and Izard (1971), membership in the same culture was regarded as necessary, and many doubted if even that was sufficient (Bruner & Taguiri, 1954). The psychiatrists and clinical psychologists tended to regard nonverbal behavior as a much more esoteric code, one which required special training and clinical insight to decipher.
Late Pleistocene and Postglacial Plant Communities of the Great Lakes Region

The few available interglacial pollen studies from the southern Great Lakes region show developmental sequences and pollen assemblages with striking similarities to postglacial records. A five-stage cycle of glacial and interglacial vegetation phases is postulated and applied to data from this region. There is limited evidence, however, of late Pleistocene changes in genetic potential of certain species (e.g., Picea mariana). Also, some interglacial and interstadial (glacial age pollen records indicate that ranges of certain tree genera or forest communities extended beyond their modern ranges.
Strength and Energy Absorption Capability of Porous Magnesium Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofibers

Porous magnesium-carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites were manufactured to investigate the variation of compressive mechanical properties with the change of porosity and CNF concentration. When the CNF concentration changed from 0% to 2%, the average yield strength significantly increased for the porous composites with the porosity of either 24%, 34%, or 50%. The yield strength and the ultimate compressive strength decreased at an increasing rate with the increase of porosity. For each studied porosity, the addition of CNF to porous magnesium composite samples increased energy absorption capability when the samples underwent any given strain level. Four theoretical strengthening models were utilized to estimate yield strength of the studied porous composites and the results indicated that the shear lag model and the rule of mixture model provided better yield strength estimations than the Strengthening factor model and the Zhang & Chen model.
The Impact of Malicious Accounts on Political Tweet Sentiment

Twitter has been the go-to platform for political discourse, with politicians and news outlets releasing information via tweets. Since social media has become a staple of political campaigns, the spread of misinformation has greatly increased due to social bots. This study seeks to determine the effect social bots on Twitter had on public opinion of candidates during the 2016 U.S. election. To this end, we collected a tweet dataset consisting of 705,381 unique user accounts during the 2016 U.S. election cycle. Sentiment in the dataset is labeled using a convolutional neural network trained on the sentiment140 dataset. Bot accounts are identified and removed from the dataset and accounts are limited to a single tweet. Tweet volume and sentiment are examined both before and after the removal of bots to determine the effects social bots have on public opinion. When considering the Twitter platform demographic, our results show social bots significantly skew perception of candidates when using volume and sentiment as metrics.
A Flexible Distributed Optimization Framework for Service of Concurrent Tasks in Processing Networks

Distributed optimization has important applications in the practical implementation of machine learning and signal processing setup by providing means to allow interconnected network of processors to work towards the optimization of a global objective with intermittent communication. Existing works on distributed optimization predominantly assume all the processors storing related data to perform updates for the optimization task in each iteration. However, such optimization processes are typically executed at shared computing/data centers along with other concurrent tasks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient distributed optimization methods that possess the flexibility to share the computing resources with other ongoing tasks. In this work, we propose a new first-order framework that allows for this flexibility through a probabilistic computing resource allocation strategy while guaranteeing the satisfactory performance of distributed optimization. Our results, both analytical and numerical, show that by controlling a flexibility parameter, our suite of algorithms (designed for various scenarios) can achieve the lower computation and communication costs of distributed optimization than their inflexible counterparts. This framework also enables the fair sharing of the common resources with other concurrent tasks being processed by the processing network.
Conclusion: The Challenge of the Trans-boundary Game

From the perspective of each individual’s subjective view, the fact that each individual is a player in the social game can be likened to each of them playing their own “game of life” within society. By participating in the social game, they reference, whether consciously or unconsciously, the way to play the game that is taken for granted in their world, in other words the “de facto rules of the game (systems).” However, as I have repeatedly stated, this is not the entirety of our experience. There are rich diversities and disparities in the images that people harbor about the forms of the social game. Individual factors, such as DNA and personal histories, affect the shaping of the image regarding the game, and the resultant awareness of the issues and inclinations for problem-solving. Also involved in the results of the selected actions are factors such as the local environment and occurrences surrounding the individual as well as chance, luck, and misfortune. Thus, the playing of the game of life contains “stories” inherent to each person.
Phase 1/2 study of fractionated dose lutetium-177-labeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 (177 Lu-J591) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background Prostate cancer is radiosensitive. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is selectively overexpressed on advanced, castration-resistant tumors. Lutetium-177-labeled anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody J591 (177 Lu-J591) targets prostate cancer with efficacy and dose-response/toxicity data when delivered as a single dose. Dose fractionation may allow higher doses to be administered safely. Method Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer refractory to or refusing standard treatment options with normal neutrophil and platelet counts were enrolled in initial phase 1b dose-escalation cohorts followed by phase 2a cohorts treated at recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) comprising 2 fractionated doses of 177 Lu-J591 2 weeks apart. 177 Lu-J591 imaging was performed after treatment, but no selection for PSMA expression was performed before enrollment. Phase 2 patients had circulating tumor cell (CTC) counts assessed before and after treatment. Results Forty-nine men received fractionated doses of 177 Lu-J591 ranging from 20 to 45 mCi/m2 ×2 two weeks apart. The dose-limiting toxicity in phase 1 was neutropenia. The RP2Ds were 40 mCi/m2 and 45 mCi/m2 ×2. At the highest RP2D (45 mCi/m2 ×2), 35.3% of patients had reversible grade 4 neutropenia, and 58.8% of patients had thrombocytopenia. This dose showed a greater decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and longer survival (87.5% with any PSA decrease, 58.8% with >30% decrease, 29.4% with >50% decrease; median survival, 42.3 months [95% confidence interval, 19.9-64.7]). Fourteen of 17 (82%) patients with detectable CTCs experienced a decrease in CTC count. Overall, 79.6% of patients had positive PSMA imaging; those with less intense PSMA imaging tended to have poorer responses. Conclusion Fractionated administration of 177 Lu-J591 allowed higher cumulative radiation dosing. The frequency and depth of PSA decrease, overall survival, and toxicity (dose-limiting myelosuppression) increased with higher doses.
A Compact 24-32 GHz Linear Upconverting Mixer with -1.5 dBm OP1dB using 0.13-μ SiGe BiCMOS Process

This work demonstrates a 24-32 GHz upconverting mixer implemented in SiGe process technology. The mixer uses double-balanced Gilbert cell architecture with on-chip transformer-based baluns for the LO input and RF output ports. With LO power of 6 dBm, the mixer achieves a maximum conversion gain of 13.7 dB at 26.5 GHz, a 24-32 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, IF-bandwidth of 0.25-1.25 GHz on both side-bands with 27 GHz LO frequency and OP1dB of -1.5 dBm at 28 GHz. It occupies an area of $468-\mu {m}\times 465-\mu{m}$ consuming 90 mW from a 2.5 V power supply. The performance is comparable to any state-of-the-art mixers in similar silicon technologies.
Data Analysis for Atomic Shapes in Nuclear Science

We consider the problem of detecting a unique experimental signature in time-series data recorded in nuclear physics experiments aimed at understanding the shape of atomic nuclei. The current method involves fitting each sample in the dataset to a given parameterized model function. However, this procedure is computationally expensive due to the nature of the nonlinear curve fitting problem. Since data is skewed towards non-unique signatures, we offer a way to filter out the majority of the uninteresting samples from the dataset by using machine learning methods. By doing so, we decrease the computational costs for detection of the unique experimental signatures in the time-series data. Also, we present a way to generate synthetic training data by estimating the distribution of the underlying parameters of the model function with Kernel Density Estimation. The new workflow that leverages machine learned classifiers trained on the synthetic data are shown to significantly outperform the current procedures used in actual datasets.
The Biodiversity Heritage Library: Unveiling a World of Knowledge About Life on Earth

The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is an international consortium making research literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Through its extensive network of Members, Affiliates, and Reciprocal Partners, over 56 million pages of biodiversity literature are openly available through the BHL portal. Created in 2006, the BHL was a direct response to the needs of the taxonomic community for access to early literature. The original BHL organizational model, based on United States and United Kingdom partners, provided a template for what is now over 80 global partners. In the international digital library world, BHL collaborates with, and aggregates content to national and pan-national digital libraries including Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America.
Acute severe iatrogenic hyponatremia.

The patient is a 68-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer metastatic to the testicles and obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms who failed medical management and multiple partial transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP). Prior to the operation, his plasma sodium was measured at 141 mmol/L. He underwent a repeat TURP with a plan for definitive radiotherapy to follow. The operation lasted approximately 90 minutes. Early in the case, several small blood vessels were transected and cauterized, resulting in minor bleeding with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL. During the procedure, the patient underwent continuous bladder irrigation with approximately 15 L of sorbitol. Immediately postoperatively, his plasma sodium was measured to be 95 mmol/L (normal 135–145 mmol/L). Measured serum osmolality was 268 mOsm/kg and calculated osmolality was 303 mOsm/kg (osmolal gap 68). His anion gap was 14 mmol/L. His arterial blood gases were acidotic with pH 7.2. His glucose was normal at 100 mg/dL. 1. Lasix drip. 2. Dialysis. 3. Rapid correction of sodium with hypertonic saline. C. Rapid correction of sodium with hypertonic saline. TURP syndrome is a type of severe iatrogenic hyponatremia (serum sodium <120 mmol/L) that can occur during endoscopic urologic or gynecologic procedures requiring continuous irrigation. Hypotonic solutions (1.5% glycine, 3% sorbitol, or 5% mannitol) are required for the use of unipolar …
Assessing Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics Using Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

Background and purpose Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are commonly used in heart failure patients. These devices carry risk for presumably embolic and additionally hemorrhagic stroke. Alterations in blood flow play a key role in stroke pathophysiology, and we aimed to learn more about hemodynamic compromise. In this study, we used transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound to define hemodynamics of commonly used nonpulsatile MCS devices, as well as pulsatile devices, with special attention to the total artificial heart (TAH). Methods From 2/2013 through 12/2016, we prospectively enrolled patients with MCS who underwent TCD imaging. We analyzed TCD parameters, including peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility indices (PIs), and number of high-intensity transient signals. Waveform morphologies were compared between various MCS devices. Results We performed 132 TCD studies in 86 MCS patients. Waveforms in patients supported by venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation demonstrated continuous flow without clear systolic peaks with an average (±SD) PI of .43 (±.2). PIs were low in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices with a mean PI of .32 (±.13). Impella patients had morphologically distinct pulsatile waveforms and a higher mean PI of .65 (±.24). In intra-arterial balloon pump patients, mean PI was 1.01 (±.16) and diastolic upstrokes were pronounced. In TAH patients, mean middle cerebral artery velocity of 79.69 (±32.33) cm/seconds and PI of .74 (±.14) approached normal values. Conclusion TCD can detect characteristic waveforms in patients supported by various MCS devices. These device-specific TCD patterns are recognizable and reproducible.
A Way Forward

This essay develops elements of an agreement to limit and reduce nuclear forces that would succeed the New start Treaty. The successor arrangements would be more complicated than the bilateral inf,...
Decentralized Optimal Merging Control for Connected and Automated Vehicles with Optimal Dynamic Resequencing

A complete solution to a decentralized optimal merging problem for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) was provided in earlier work, based on a First In First Out (FIFO) assumption over a given Control Zone (CZ). In this paper, we relax the FIFO assumption and propose a decentralized Optimal Dynamic Resequencing (ODR) algorithm to further improve the performance of all merging CAVs in terms of time and energy. Specifically, we introduce a Resequencing Zone (RZ) prior to the CZ within which every CAV can execute the ODR algorithm. We determine the latest possible time for triggering ODR so as to minimally affect the CAV’s operation. Simulation results show significant ODR benefits in CAV travel times and energy consumption over the merging and main roads, outperforming earlier results under different resequencing schemes.
When the Dodo Spoke French: Eco-memory in Le Clézio’s Alma

The narrative model of Le Clezio’s Alma exemplifies what Rosanne Kennedy calls “multidirectional eco-memory.” In the novel, memories of slavery and indenture in Mauritius appear alongside the imagi...
Large rotations of the grain-scale stress tensor during yielding set the stage for failure

Abstract The stress-state within individual grains in a polycrystal determine the fate of the aggregate including mechanical failure. By tracking the evolution of the stress tensor throughout the elastoplastic transition, large rotations of the stressstate, which have long been theorized to occur, are observed experimentally for the first time. These stress rotations (∼15°) are more than an order of magnitude larger than the concomitant crystallographic lattice reorientations (∼0.9°) well-known to occur during metal plasticity. Furthermore, these rotations are accompanied by a decrease in stress triaxiality within certain grains, promote strain softening, and set the stage for failure at an early stage of deformation. These results provide a completely new perspective through which to contemplate the question of “hot-spots” responsible for failure of high-performance structural materials.
Strengthening Existing Airport Pavements

Design criteria for different methods of strengthening, considering construction of overlays and inlay sections, together with some of limitations of various methods of strengthening as related to pavement structure.
Impact of Copper Through-Package Vias on Thermal Performance of Glass Interposers

In this paper, the thermal performance of glass interposer substrate with copper through-package vias (TPVs) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Copper via arrays with different via pitches and diameters were fabricated in 114.3 mm $\times \,\, 114.3$ mm $\times \,\, 100\mu \text{m}$ glass panels using low-cost laser drilling, electroless plating, and electroplating for copper deposition. The thermal performance of such a structure was quantified by measuring an effective thermal conductivity which combines the effect of copper and glass. The effective thermal conductivity of fabricated samples was determined with infrared microscopy and compared with finite-element analysis on unit TPV cell. Using the effective thermal conductivity, further numerical analyses were performed on a 2.5-D interposer, which has two chips mounted side by side with a total heat generation of 3 W. Interconnects and TPV layers in the interposer were modeled as homogeneous layers with an effective thermal conductivity. Using the developed model, the effect of copper TPVs on the thermal performance of silicon and glass interposers was compared. To further characterize the thermal performance of the 2.5-D glass interposer structure, the effects of pitch of interconnects and TPVs and the TPV diameter are presented.
A comparative survey of proteins from recalcitrant tissues of a non-model gymnosperm, Douglas-fir

Most research in plants and other organisms has, for the sake of convenience, focused on the use of model species to identify mechanisms that are conserved throughout the whole kingdom. Nevertheless, unique features and processes such as those related to plant cell wall and fiber formation, and to wood quality, sometimes need to be studied directly in the non-model organism of interest. Such organisms, like the economically and ecologically important gymnosperm Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), which is one of the crucial softwood timber species in Northern America, are often difficult to investigate. High phenolic, resin, and tannin contents in the woody tissues, as well as an incompletely sequenced genome, have contributed greatly to the species' recalcitrance for molecular biology investigations. In this study, we present a complete procedure detailing protein sample preparation, separation, and proteomic analysis based on cross-species identification of Douglas-fir. Proteins from the cambial zone, mature needles, and in vitro callus were extracted, purified, and separated via 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE. One-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with ESI-MS/MS was used for cross-species protein identification in order to evaluate the potential of this approach and reveal major differences in protein profiles among tested tissues. Identified proteins were functionally and developmentally compared. The likely contribution of these proteins to the properties of the cell wall and wood is indicated and discussed.
Penicillinase (β-Lactamase) Induction in Bacillus licheniformis Under Pseudogratuitous Conditions by 2-(2′-Carboxyphenyl)-Benzoyl-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid

Induction of penicillinase (β-lactamase) in Bacillus licheniformis 749 by 2-(2′-carboxyphenyl)-benzoyl-6-aminopenicillanic acid (CBAP) was examined, since this compound was reported to be a gratuitous inducer of penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus. The specific activity of enzyme optimally induced by CBAP is slightly more than that formed in response to cephalosporin C and threefold the level induced by benzylpenicillin. The optimal inducer concentration of CBAP was not inhibitory toward the growth of penicillinase-deficient mutants, unlike benzylpenicillin or cephalosporin C which showed marked toxicities. CBAP is hydrolyzed by the Bacillus penicillinase, but as indicated by its “physiological efficiency” (Vmax/Km), CBAP is a poor substrate at low concentrations. At very high concentrations, CBAP inhibited benzylpenicillin hydrolysis. The overall effectiveness of CBAP as an inducer can be attributed to its low “physiological efficiency” which enables the use of nontoxic levels of CBAP for induction without its rapid hydrolysis. Although CBAP is not a true gratuitous inducer, operationally it approaches gratuity for induction of B. licheniformis penicillinase better than other known inducers.
Prenatal Psychosocial Risk Assessment using Event History Calendars with Black Women

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the clinical acceptability and perceptions of use of a prenatal event history calendar (EHC) for prenatal psychosocial risk assessment in Black pregnant women. Design A qualitative descriptive study focused on interviews and prenatal EHCs completed by Black pregnant women. Setting Inner city hospital prenatal care clinic in Southeastern Michigan. Participants Thirty 18–35 year old pregnant Black women receiving prenatal care at the participating clinic. Methods Women completed the prenatal EHCs and their perceptions of its use were obtained through face to face interviews. The constant comparative method of analysis (Glaser, 1978, 1992) revealed themes from participants' descriptions about use of a prenatal EHC for prenatal psychosocial risk assessment. Results Three main themes emerged describing how the prenatal EHC enhanced communication. The prenatal EHC provided "an opening" for disclosure, "an understanding with you," and a way for providers to "know you, your life, and future plans." The participants' completed prenatal EHCs included information regarding their pre‐pregnancies, trimester histories, and future plans. These completed prenatal EHCs showed patterns of change in life events and behaviors that included worries, stressors, and risk behaviors. The participants perceived the prenatal EHC as an easy to use tool that should be used to improve communication with health care providers. Conclusions The prenatal EHC allows the patient and provider to "start on the same page" and provides an additional avenue for discussion of sensitive psychosocial issues with Black pregnant women. As a clinical tool, the prenatal EHC facilitated patient‐provider communication for pregnant women often marked by health disparities. The prenatal EHC is a clinically acceptable tool to assess for psychosocial risk factors of Black women in a prenatal clinical setting.
Public Transportation and the Environment

This chapter examines how public transportation systems can be viewed from an environmentally conscious perspective. The next section defines what is meant by a public transportation system. The following section then examines the relationship between environmental impacts and transit system planning and operations. This relationship not only includes the physical impacts that result from the construction and operation of such systems, but also the important symbiotic relationship between transportation accessibility and land use, which over the long term can affect the overall sustainability of a metropolitan area. The last section of the chapter concludes with important observations relating to a more environmentally conscious approach to public transportation planning and system design.