cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A greater analgesia, sedation, delirium order set quality score is associated with a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation in cardiovascular surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE Protocols and order sets for the delivery of analgesia, sedation, and delirium care of the critically ill, mechanically ventilated patient have been shown to improve outcomes but are not uniform in hospitals across geographic areas. The extent to which greater order set quality is associated with improved patient outcomes is not known. We hypothesized that cardiac surgery patients cared for at hospitals with a greater analgesia, sedation, and delirium order set quality score (more guideline-concordant order sets) would have a shorter average duration of mechanical ventilation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING All Washington State non-federal hospitals providing cardiac surgery. PATIENTS All mechanically ventilated cardiac surgery patients from January 1, 2008, until September 30, 2011. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We created a multivariable linear regression model to assess the relationship between a hospital's pain, agitation and delirium order set quality, as assessed by an expert-validated order set quality score, and the average duration of mechanical ventilation of its cardiac surgery patients, independent of other hospital and patient factors. A total of 19,561 patients underwent cardiac surgery at 16 Washington state hospitals during the study period. The order set quality scores ranged from 4 to 19 with a mean of 11.8 ± 4.5. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 27.0 ± 196.6 hours. In the multivariable model, independent of other patient and hospital factors, a 1-point increase in the order set quality score was associated with a 3.3 ± 0.9 hour (p < 0.01) decrease in average duration of mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac surgery hospitals with more guideline-adherent analgesia, sedation, and delirium order sets have patients with shorter mean durations of mechanical ventilation than hospitals with lower order set quality scores.
A General Approach to Mechanism in Multiproduct Reactions: Product-Specific Intermolecular Kinetic Isotope Effects

Here we report a general method for the measurement of 13C kinetic isotope effects at natural abundance for reactions that yield two or more products concurrently. We use, as an example, a recently reported Co-catalyzed reaction between cyclopentene and 1-phenyl-1-propyne. High-precision intermolecular 13C isotope effects are reported for both the formal [2+2] cycloaddition (major) and Alder–ene (minor) reaction products. Mechanistic possibilities that are in accord with observed isotope effect measurements are discussed.
Utility of the MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales in Detection of Simulated Underreporting Implications of Incorporating a Manipulation Check

We examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) underreporting Validity Scales in a simulation design with a sample of 257 undergraduate college students. Extending past research by Sellbom and Bagby, we added a manipulation check to determine whether individuals complied with instructions to underreport and examined the impact of underreporting on all of the MMPI-2-RF substantive scales. Results indicated that individuals who complied with instructions to underreport produced statistically significantly and meaningfully higher scores on the MMPI-2-RF underreporting Validity Scales (Uncommon Virtues [L-r] and Adjustment Validity [K-r]) when compared with those who received standard instructions and with individuals who did not comply with instructions to underreport. Moreover, in comparisons with both groups, participants who complied with instructions to underreport had lower scores on the majority of the substantive scales. L-r and K-r added incremental predictive utility (in reference to one another) in differentiating individuals who underreported from individuals who were given standard instructions.
"Squalid with joy": scobie, sex, and race in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria quartet.

Abstract Edward Said and others have identified the Orient as a space of sexual opportunity for western travelers and servants of empire, while more recently Joseph Boone and Rudi Bleys have focused on, respectively, the “homerotics of orientalism” and the “motives and conditions of homosexual exile.” In terms of both sexual and imperial politics, Lawrence Durrell's Scobie, “peddy-rast” and transvestite, presents a challenge. I have chosen to rehabilitate rather than deconstruct this determinedly transgressive figure, perhaps the most oddly privileged of all the characters in the Alexandria Quartet. Though Scobie may exhibit some orientalizing and colonial habits of mind, his more positive gestures, such as his relationship with Abdul, are unique in this sequence of novels. Within the limits of his time and generation, and within the confines of an imperial culture, he comes closest to reconciling East and West as he destabilizes gender roles and challenges racial division.
Conductance dip in the Kondo regime of linear arrays of quantum dots

Using exact diagonalization of small clusters and Dyson equation embedding techniques, the conductance $G$ of linear arrays of quantum dots is investigated. The Hubbard interaction induces Kondo peaks at low temperatures for an odd number of dots $N$ and a filling of one particle per dot. Remarkably, for $N=3,5,\dots{}$ the Kondo peak is split in half by a deep minimum, and the conductance vanishes at the gate voltage that induces particle-hole symmetry in the system. Tentative explanations for this unusual effect are proposed, including an interference process between two channels contributing to $G$, with one more and one less particle than the exactly solved cluster ground state. The Hubbard interaction and fermionic statistics of electrons also appear to be important to understand this phenomenon. Although most of the calculations used a particle-hole symmetric Hamiltonian and formalism, results also presented here show that the conductance dip exists even when this symmetry is broken. The conductance cancellation effect obtained using numerical techniques is potentially interesting, and other many-body techniques should be used to confirm its existence.
The Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Regulates Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Obesity

The sexually dimorphic distribution of adipose tissue influences the development of obesity-associated pathologies. The accumulation of visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) that occurs in males is detrimental to metabolic health, while accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) seen in females may be protective. Here, we show that adipocyte hyperplasia contributes directly to the differential fat distribution between the sexes. In male mice, high-fat diet (HFD) induces adipogenesis specifically in VWAT, while in females HFD induces adipogenesis in both VWAT and SWAT in a sex hormone-dependent manner. We also show that the activation of adipocyte precursors (APs), which drives adipocyte hyperplasia in obesity, is regulated by the adipose depot microenvironment and not by cell-intrinsic mechanisms. These findings indicate that APs are plastic cells, which respond to both local and systemic signals that influence their differentiation potential independent of depot origin. Therefore, depot-specific AP niches coordinate adipose tissue growth and distribution.
Transmembrane Activity Gradients of K and cl in the Muscle Fibres of Osmoconforming Marine Decapod Crustaceans

1.The resting membrane potentials (E m ) and the transmembrane activity gradients for K and Cl were measured in the muscle fibres of osmoconforming ( Callianassa and Cancer ) and weakly osmoregulating ( Pachygrapsus ) marine crustaceans acclimated to various osmotic conditions. 2.The muscle membranes of sea water acclimated crabs behave as good K electrodes. However, a slight contribution of Na to the resting potential was demonstrated in all species. The ratio P Na /P K was about 0.01. Equilibrium potentials (measured with ion-selective microelectrodes) for Cl were equal to E m , while E K was always more negative than E m as a result of the slight Na contribution. 3.Acclimation to dilute or concentrated sea water had little effect on the K electrode properties or Na permeabilities of these fibres. The muscle fibres were depolarized in crabs acclimated to concentrated sea water and were hyperpolarized in crabs adapted to dilute sea water. These changes resulted solely from alterations in (a K ) i / (a K ) O which were in turn brought about by changes in cellular and haemolymph hydration. 4.Since the Na contribution to E m was so small in all conditions, it was concluded that the distributions of K and Cl are best considered in terms of Donnan equilibria, and that the cellular K and Cl adjustments observed during salinity adaptation reflect the passive re-establishment of new equilibrium distributions for these ions.
Measuring Faculty Instructional Performance

The tenure or promotion of faculty are frequently dependent on the analytical outcome of student end-of-semester evaluation instruments. Faculty usually use the data to make adjustments in their classes, but deans and chairs use the data to determine which faculty are performing “below” average. The statistical measure used is typically the mean . The mean is invalid for ordinal scale items (like Likert scales), but the consensus, dissent, and agreement measures offer a more intuitive view of data and eliminate the need for the incorrect and morale damaging designation of substandard performance. Successful application of these new measures can permit faculty to measure the perceptions of their students with of colleagues in other schools such that appropriate mentoring can occur.
Clinical effects of unintentional pediatric buprenorphine exposures: experience at a single tertiary care center

AbstractContext: Exploratory buprenorphine ingestions in young children have been associated with clinically significant toxicity. However, detailed data on the clinical presentation and management of these patients are lacking. In an attempt to obtain more comprehensive data, we sought to examine a single center cohort of patients with report of buprenorphine exposure and provide descriptive analysis of rates of respiratory depression, time to respiratory depression, interventions, disposition, and outcomes.Study design: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a single pediatric tertiary care center of children between the age of 6 months and 7 years of age hospitalized between 1 January 2006 and 1 September 2014 with report of buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone exposure. Patients with possible exposure to more than one agent were excluded. We extracted clinical findings, including time to respiratory depression, interventions, and disposition from the medical record.Results: Eighty-eight patie...
Gender Policing During Childhood and the Psychological Well-Being of Young Adult Sexual Minority Men in the United States.

Hegemonic masculinities (i.e., sets of socially accepted masculine behaviors and beliefs within a given time and culture) may affect the well-being of sexual minority men, yet quantitative relation...
Interosseous Ligament and Transverse Forearm Stability: A Biomechanical Cadaver Study.

Purpose The interosseous ligament (IOL) is known to be an important longitudinal stabilizer of the forearm. We hypothesize that it may also contribute to transverse stability, with pronosupination tensioning of the radius relative to the ulna. Therefore, when injured, we predict the interosseous space should widen in the transverse plane, enough to be appreciable on plain radiographs. A measurable difference in interosseous space, comparing an injured with an uninjured forearm, can potentially be of diagnostic and clinical value. Methods Ten fresh-frozen cadaver arms (from 5 individuals) were radiographed in 6 different positions of forearm supination, first in an uninjured state and then with the IOL sectioned, both partially (central band only) and completely. The transverse interosseous distance was measured on radiographs using edge detection software and compared using analysis of variance and contrast analysis. The maximum range of pronosupination was also compared before and after injury, using a paired t test. Results Average maximum supination increased from 84° to 106°, and pronation from 69° to 84°, after the IOL was sectioned completely. Sectioning of the IOL led to a statistically significant increase in the interosseous distance, a minimum of 2 mm, in all but one forearm position. Conclusions The IOL of the forearm plays an important role in providing transverse stability to the radius and ulna. When the IOL is sectioned, the forearm exhibits increased pronosupination range of motion. Radiographs of bilateral forearms taken in identical rotational position can reliably differentiate between an intact and torn IOL in cadavers. Clinical relevance The IOL's stabilizing role during forearm rotation suggests a novel strategy for diagnosing forearm IOL injury using comparative radiographic measurements.
Attachment, intimacy, and generativity

Shaver, P. R., Hazan, C., & Bradshaw, D. (1988). Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In R. J. Stemberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 68-99). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Simpson, J. A. (1999). Attachment theory in modem evolutionary perspective. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 115-140). New York: Guilford. Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (1994). Stress and secure base relationships in adulthood. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 181-204). London: Jessica Kingsley. Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1971 (pp. 136-179). Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. Trivers, R. L. (1974). Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist, 14, 249-264. van lJzendoom, M. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387-403. Williams, G. (1966). Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Zeifman, D., & Hazan, C. (1997). Attachment: The bond in pair-bonds. In J. A. Simpson & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolutionary social psychology (pp. 237-263). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Patronage-Democracy, Limited Information, and Ethnic Favourit

This chapter builds upon the link between limited information and ethnic categorization to develop a theory of individual decision making among benefit-seeking voters and office-seeking elites in patronage-democracies. Confronted with competing elites, how does a voter in a patronagedemocracy decide who is most likely to channel benefits to him individually? And confronted with different strategies for the distribution of benefits, how does an individual elite seeking to build a following decide whom to target? The voting decision in patronage-democracies, I argue, typically approximates a situation in which observers (voters) are forced to distinguish between individuals (the recipients of past patronage transactions) under severe information constraints. These severe information constraints produce a self-enforcing and reinforcing equilibrium of ethnic favouritism: voters expect co-ethnic elites to favour them in the distribution of benefits, and elites expect co-ethnic voters to favour them in the distribution of votes (see Figure 1.1, p. 12). The tendency of patronage politics to go hand in hand with expectations of ethnic favouritism has been noted in other theoretical and empirical work. According to Kearney, a student of Sri Lanka: “A common expectation seems to be that a person holding a public office or other position of power will use his position for the near-exclusive benefit of his ‘own’ people, defined by kinship, caste, ethnic community or personal loyalty.” According to Haroun Adamu, a student of Nigerian politics: “It is strongly believed in this country that if you do not have one of your own kind in the local, state and/or national decision-making bodies, nobody would care to take your troubles before the decision makers, much less find solutions to them.” Kenneth Post's description of elections in Nigeria emphasizes much the same point: It was rare for a man to stand for election in a constituency which did not contain the community in which he was born. It did not matter if he had been educated elsewhere and had his business interests outside the community in which he was born, so long as he regarded it as his home. He would still be a better representative for it than someone who came from outside, who could not even speak in the same tongue.
Partial-volume correction increases estimated dopamine D2-like receptor binding potential and reduces adult age differences.

The relatively modest spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) increases the likelihood of partial volume effects such that binding potential (BPND) may be underestimated. Given str...
Trace Amines and Their Potential Role in Primary Headaches: An Overview

Abstract Cluster and migraine headaches are multifactorial complex neurovascular disorders, whose pathophysiologies have not been adequately defined. Both headaches can be clinically separated from each other; however, there is considerable overlap between the two conditions. The number of genetic studies on cluster headache is limited due to the low prevalence and complexity of the disorder, but migraine is a largely inherited disorder. Primary headaches are characterized by disturbances in both brain and/or vascular function. Recent studies have reported the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, disruption in tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, elevation of trace amines (tyramine, octopamine, and synephrine), and increase in the release of inflammatory neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, in both cluster headache and migraine patients. Here I hypothesize that increased trace amine levels along with high levels of neurotransmitters (glutamate and dopamine) may cause mitochondrial dysfunction that in conjunction with increased neuropeptide release may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Multiwavelength vertical cavity laser arrays by molecular beam epitaxy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses multiwavelength vertical cavity laser arrays by molecular beam epitaxy. A multiwavelength laser array is a monolithic array of single-wavelength lasers emitting distinct wavelengths with uniform wavelength spacings. They are promising sources for communication systems using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The VCSEL structure, having an ultrashort cavity and thus, a single Fabry-Perot (FP) mode, offers an inherent advantage for the making of multiwavelength laser arrays. This chapter discusses progress in multiwavelength VCSEL arrays. It describes the basic design principle, and discusses two fabrication techniques using MBE and their corresponding results. Moreover, it describes a location-resolvable optical in situ calibration technique with which the growth rates on different regions of the same wafer can be accurately measured. By using both the patterned-substrate growth and the in situ calibration techniques, multiple-wavelength VCSEL arrays with accurate and repeatable lasing wavelengths are illustrated. The chapter concludes that these devices are useful for making multiple-wavelength VCSEL arrays that are used for cost-effective WDM applications.
A Complex Variable Method to Predict an Aerodynamics of Arbitrary Shape Ballistic Projectiles

Ballistic projectiles (fragments, missiles) thrown due to the explosions can be a greater hazard than the blast wave. Safe distances from the blast can be readily calculated since it falls off as the cube root of distance. Far more complex is predicting how far fragments may be thrown. This work develops an engineering method to predict aerodynamics of explosive ballistic projectiles (EBPs) of arbitrary shapes. Incorporating the numerical solution of the equations of the dynamic motion of projectile with a complex variable method (“linearization of single-bonded area”), the velocities and the trajectories of arbitrary shape EBPs have been determined. The results are compared to previously developed model predictions and the fragment recovery tests results.
Laboratory simulation of backscattering by a hemisphere in a boundary wave-guide with an external source

While there have been various investigations of backscattering when a source and a target are situated in the same wave-guide, the situation when the source is external to the wave-guide is less well explored. For example, a target buried in a mud layer over sand [K. L. Williams, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140, EL504 (2016)], the mud layer may act as a wave-guide. The target signatures when the source is in the water column above the mud are modified. A laboratory experiment has been performed to isolate wave-guide effects on target backscattering, using a simplified wave-guide in water. The wave-guide is defined between a free water surface and a thin partially transparent acrylic plate placed below the water surface. A soft spherical target is half-exposed at the free-surface and source-receiver is below the plate. A geometric method-of-images model gives the timing arrivals of wave-guide echoes from an infinite number of back-scattering paths that undergo multiple reflections in the wave-guide and gives the f...
Studies of hormone action in the hippocampal formation: Possible relevance to depression and diabetes

Abstract Objectives: The goal is to review the plasticity and vulnerability of the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in episodic, declarative, contextual and spatial learning and memory, as well as its being a component in the control of autonomic and vegetative functions such as ACTH secretion. It discusses its possible role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, and the need of hippocampal neurons for glucose because of their high metabolic activity. The hippocampus is also vulnerable to damage by stroke and head trauma and susceptible to damage during aging and repeated stress, and is sensitive to the effects of diabetes. Methods: A summary of recent work in the author's laboratory and related work in the field using citations of literature based, in part, on Medline searches. Conclusions: In addition to its vulnerability, the hippocampus is also a plastic and adaptable brain region that is capable of considerable structural reorganization, including remodeling of dendrites and neurogenesis of dentate gyrus granule neurons in response to repeated stress. Animal models of Type 1 diabetes show accelerated remodeling of dendrites, and Type 2 diabetes remains to be studied in this regard. This is relevant to major depressive illness, in which a progressive atrophy of the hippocampal formation is reported and is accompanied by impairment of cognitive function in those subjects with hippocampal shrinkage. Therefore, hippocampal atrophy in depression, as well as in diabetes, may reflect either damage or plasticity involving structural reorganization that is potentially treatable.
PARTICLE-GAMMA ANGULAR CORRELATION FOR A NUCLEAR REACTION INITIATED BY A POLARIZED BEAM

At the Madison Symposium there was only one contributed paper1) in tthis area. Since then the increased availability of polarized-ion sources has led to a sharp upturn in interest. Because of the newness of the subject this presentation will be aimed at the non-expert and will begin with a review of the general theory. Important special geometries will then be considered and some experimental results for these special cases will be mentioned.
T1-Rho and T2-Rho Relaxometry in Multiple Sclerosis (PD6.007)

OBJECTIVE: To measure T1-rho and T2-rho in MS and control subjects, and assess whether these parameters differ between normally-appearing white matter (NAWM) in MS and controls. BACKGROUND: Quantitative MRI techniques can provide more specific measures of relevant pathologic processes in MS (such as demyelination, neurodegeneration, and iron deposition) than conventional MRI methods. Adiabatic T1-rho and T2-rho utilize rotating frame relaxations to provide enhanced sensitivity to molecular motion and generate novel MRI contrasts. DESIGN/METHODS: We investigated T1-rho and T2-rho relaxometry in four relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and four age- and gender-matched controls. The study was performed at a 4-T/90-cm Oxford magnet interfaced to a Varian INOVA console. The T1-rho and T2-rho measurements were obtained as in (Tuite et al 2012, Parkinsonism Rel Disord 18:623). R1-rho and R2-rho maps were generated in a single axial brain slice just above the lateral ventricles. Regions of interest including T2 lesions (T2L) and NAWM were identified from T2-weighted images from the MS subjects, and the corresponding regions were compared on the R1-rho and R2-rho maps from MS patients and controls. RESULTS: T1-rho and T2-rho mapping showed systematic differences in MS brain tissue as compared to controls. In particular, T1-rho was significantly longer in MS patients as compared to controls, both in T2L and NAWM. T2-rho was also increased in T2L (to a lesser extent than T1-rho, however) but not in NAWM. CONCLUSIONS: T1-rho and T2-rho are novel MRI techniques that have been previously shown to reflect neuronal density and brain iron concentration, respectively. This pilot study shows that these techniques can detect tissue abnormalities in the MS brain, and should help improve our ability to detect and understand the focal and diffuse pathologic processes in MS. Supported by: University of Minnesota Academic Health Center faculty seed grant. Disclosure: Dr. Carpenter has received research support from Biogen Idec, Celgene, Serono, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Mangia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tyan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garwood is entitled to sales royalties from a technology license held by GE Healthcare through the University of Minnesota. Dr. Michaeli has nothing to disclose.
First Stage of VSS: People and Events

The objective of paper to present Variable Structure Control in historical perspective from the late fifties along with related research. The author tries to sketch the events that gave birth and were associated with the further development of this interesting research area. In many books, survey papers the authors mention that the research in this area were initiated in the former Soviet Union about 40 years ago and then the sliding mode control methodology has been receiving much more attention from the international control community within the last two decades. In author’s opinion this paper is a good chance to describe what happened before “the last two decades”, to demonstrate the initial ideas and to mention the researchers actively working at the initial stage. Their names and contributions deserve to be mentioned because the results were published mainly in Russian and practically unknown to the colleagues outside the Soviet Union.
Parsing = parsimonious covering?: abduction in logical form generation

Many researchers believe that certain aspects of natural language processing, such as word sense disambiguation and plan recognition in stories, constitute abductive inferences. We have been working with a specific model of abduction, called parsimonious covering, applied in diagnostic problem solving, word sense disambiguation and logical form generation in some restricted settings. Diagnostic parsimonious covering has been extended into a dual-route model to account for syntactic and semantic aspects of natural language. The two routes of covering are integrated by defining "open class" linguistic concepts, aiding each other. The diagnostic model has dealt with sets, while the extended version, where syntactic considerations dictate word order, deals with sequences of linguistic concepts. Here we briefly describe the original model and the extended version, and briefly characterize the notions of covering and different criteria of parsimony. Finally we examine the question of whether parsimonious covering can serve as a general framework for parsing.
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas: Critical Analysis of a Film Depiction of the Holocaust

Film depictions of the Holocaust have become a ubiquitous part of social studies education, as many states have mandated Holocaust or genocide curricula in recent years; however, the quality of suc...
Speculations on Nonlinear Speculative Bubbles

This paper reviews a variety of issues related to speculative bubbles, especially those involving nonlinear dynamics. Models of irrational bubbles, rational bubbles, and bubbles arising from heterogeneous agents with varying degrees of knowledge or rationality are examined. The latter are shown to be prone to nonlinear dynamics with catastrophic discontinuities, chaos, and other forms of complex phenomena. Empirical evidence regarding the existence of bubbles in various markets is reviewed, eventually examining strong evidence in closed-end country mutual funds markets.
Rehabilitation Variability After Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:Investigations specifically delineating the safest and most efficacious components of physical therapy after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow are lacking. As s...
Statistically and Computationally Efficient Change Point Localization in Regression Settings

Detecting when the underlying distribution changes from the observed time series is a fundamental problem arising in a broad spectrum of applications. Change point localization is particularly challenging when we only observe low-dimensional projections of high-dimensional random variables. Specifically, we assume we observe $\{ x_t, y_t\}_{t=1}^n$ where $ \{ x_t\}_{t=1}^n$ are $p$-dimensional covariates, $\{y_t\}_{t=1}^n $ are the univariate responses satisfying $E(y_t)=x_t^\top \beta_t^*\text{ for all }1\let\le n$ and that $\{\beta_t^*\}_{t=1}^n $ are the unobserved regression parameters that change over time in a piecewise constant manner. We first propose a novel algorithm called Binary Segmentation through Estimated CUSUM statistics (BSE), which computes the change points through direct estimates of the CUSUM statistics of $\{\beta_t^*\}_{t=1}^n $. We show that BSE can consistently estimate the unknown location of the change points, achieving error bounds of order $O (\log(p)/n) $. To the best of our knowledge, this is a significant improvement, as the state-of-the-art methods are only shown to achieve error bounds of order $O(\log(p)/\sqrt n)$ in the multiple change point setting. However, BSE can be computationally costly. To overcome this limitation, we introduce another algorithm called Binary Segmentation through Lasso Estimators (BSLE). We show that BSLE can consistently localize change points with a slightly worse localization error rate compared to BSE, but BSLE is much more computationally efficient. Finally, we leverage the insights gained from BSE to develop a novel "local screening" algorithm that can input a coarse estimate of change point locations together with the observed data and efficiently refine that estimate, allowing us to improve the practical performance of past estimators. We also justify our theoretical finding in simulated experiments.
Dynamics of contracting filaments

With multiscale simulations we study contracting filaments of aspect ratios O(1)-O(1000) and Ohnesorge numbers 0.0001-10. Breakup modes of inviscid, intermediately viscous, and highly viscous filaments are clarified, highlighting the key role of capillary wave interactions in the intermediate case.
Community reintegration following holistic milieu-oriented neurorehabilitation up to 30 years post-discharge.

Background The primary goal of neurorehabilitation for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) is successful community reintegration, which commonly focuses on home independence, productivity, and social engagement. Previous research has demonstrated that holistic treatment approaches have better long-term outcomes than other treatment approaches. Holistic approaches go beyond the fundamental components of neurorehabilitation and address metacognition and self-awareness, as well as interpersonal and functional skills. Objectives The present study aimed to examine community reintegration of individuals with ABI who completed holistic milieu-oriented neurorehabilitation at the Center for Transitional Neuro-Rehabilitation (CTN), Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) at up to 30-years post-discharge. We evaluated (a) functional independence, (b) productivity and driving status, and (c) psychosocial profiles of the brain injury survivors. Method Participants included 107 individuals with ABI with heterogeneous etiologies who attended holistic milieu-oriented neurorehabilitation between 1986 and 2016. These participants completed the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) and a long-term outcome questionnaire (LOQ) specifically developed for this study. Results The results demonstrate that 89% of participants were productive at up to 30 years post-discharge (73% engaged in competitive work and/or school) after excluding the retired participants. Almost all of the participants who were engaged in work and/or school reported using compensatory strategies on a long-term basis. Furthermore, only 14% out of 102 study participants were driving at the time of program admission; whereas 58% out of 96 were driving at the time of discharge; and impressively, 70% out of 107 participants were driving at the time of follow-up. Regression analyses revealed that older age at the time of injury, shorter duration between injury and treatment, and better functionality indicated by lower MPAI-4 Ability Index scores significantly predicted a return to driving status at the time of study participation. Psychosocial data from the LOQ revealed positive findings with respect to patients' marital status, living situation, income, and quality of social life. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that functional gains made during holistic neurorehabilitation have enduring effects and that patients can benefit highly from holistic milieu therapy beyond the early post-acute phases of their recovery. Additionally, they provide evidence that there is potential to return to driving, years after treatment completion.Our holistic milieu treatment approach addressing metacognition, self-awareness, social and coping skills training, and actively transitioning to community settings, is thought to have contributed to the exceptional and long-lasting outcomes in this study.
The expectation of the Vandermonde product squared for uniform random variables

Abstract Let X 1 , X 2 , … , X n be independent random variables, each uniformly distributed on the interval ( 0 , 1 ) . We compute the expectation of ( X 1 X 2 ⋯ X n ) k ⋅ ∏ 1 ≤ i j ≤ n ( X j − X i ) 2 . The result relies on operators, the extended Vandermonde determinant and the hook formula for standard Young tableaux.
Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Surgical Management and Outcomes

Rates of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) approach 100%. A combination of surgical interventions and aggressive systemic and topical therapy is required for the adequate treatment of CF CRS. Appropriate CRS treatment reduces sinonasal colonization of pathogenic bacteria and delays gram-negative pulmonary infections.
Efficient simulation of generalized SABR and stochastic local volatility models based on Markov chain approximations

Abstract We propose a novel Monte Carlo simulation method for two-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE) systems based on approximation through continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs). Specifically, we propose an efficient simulation framework for asset prices under general stochastic local volatility (SLV) models arising in finance, which includes the Heston and the stochastic alpha beta rho (SABR) models as special cases. Our simulation algorithm is constructed based on approximating the latent stochastic variance process by a CTMC. Compared with time-discretization schemes, our method exhibits several advantages, including flexible boundary condition treatment, weak continuity conditions imposed on coefficients, and a second order convergence rate in the spatial grids of the approximating CTMC under suitable regularity conditions. Replacing the stochastic variance process with a discrete-state approximation greatly simplifies the direct sampling of the integrated variance, thus enabling a highly efficient simulation scheme. Extensive numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of our estimator, which outperforms both biased and unbiased simulation estimators in the literature in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE) and computational time. This paper is focused primarily on the simulation of SDEs which arise in finance, but this new simulation approach has potential for applications in other contextual areas in operations research, such as queuing theory.
UNC-45A Is Highly Expressed in the Proliferative Cells of the Mouse Genital Tract and in the Microtubule-Rich Areas of the Mouse Nervous System

UNC-45A (Protein unc-45 homolog A) is a cytoskeletal-associated protein with a dual and non-mutually exclusive role as a regulator of the actomyosin system and a Microtubule (MT)-destabilizing protein, which is overexpressed in human cancers including in ovarian cancer patients resistant to the MT-stabilizing drug paclitaxel. Mapping of UNC-45A in the mouse upper genital tract and central nervous system reveals its enrichment not only in highly proliferating and prone to remodeling cells, but also in microtubule-rich areas, of the ovaries and the nervous system, respectively. In both apparatuses, UNC-45A is also abundantly expressed in the ciliated epithelium. As regulators of actomyosin contractility and MT stability are essential for the physiopathology of the female reproductive tract and of neuronal development, our findings suggest that UNC-45A may have a role in ovarian cancer initiation and development as well as in neurodegeneration.
A Single-Ended Coupler-Based VSWR Resilient Joint mm-Wave True Power Detector and Impedance Sensor

This letter presents the design of a coupler-based VSWR-resilient mm-wave joint impedance/true-power detector integrated together with a wideband power amplifier (PA) in a 45-nm CMOS SOI process. At 38 GHz, the sensor measures the antenna impedance for up-to 3:1 VSWR with a maximum $\vert \Gamma \vert $ and $\angle \Gamma $ error of 0.238° and 28.9°, respectively. The coupler network also measures the real power delivered to the standard 50- $\Omega $ antenna load with an error within ±0.5 dB for a 16-dB dynamic range, as well as sensing the real power delivered to a complex antenna load (up-to 3:1 VSWR) with less than ±3.35-dB error. The PA testbed has a 3-dB bandwidth of 37.5% (26–38 GHz) and OP1dB bandwidth of 36.3% (27–39 GHz). The PA achieves a peak Psat of 17.29 dBm, OP1 dB of 16.33 dBm, and peak PAE of 29.77% at 37 GHz. The PA with a sensor occupies an area of $1.31\times1.36$ mm2, while the sensor takes an area of $0.47\times0.971$ mm2. This work enables future built-in-self-testing (BiST) and in situ machine learning-based rapid performance optimization of mm-wave transmitter (TX) elements or TX arrays with element couplings.
AUTOMATIC GENERATION AND CONTROL OF FINITE ELEMENT MESHES

This paper discusses recent developments of finite element modeling techniques that, when properly combined, hold the promise of automating the vehicle design finite element modeling process. The areas considered are fully automatic mesh generation, geometric modeling needs of automated finite element modeling, and adaptive finite element analysis. Finally, consideration is given to how the user can expect to see finite element modeling evolve from its current interactive mode of operation to fully automatic operation. For the covering abstract see IRRD 863693.
Scientific Basis of Human Movement

(1977). Scientific Basis of Human Movement. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, Including Leisure Today, pp. 68-75.
Improving the Quality of Data in Surgical Registries

15. Holt PJ, Poloniecki JD, Khalid U, Hinchliffe RJ, Loftus IM, ThompsonMM. Effect of endovascular aneurysm repair on the volume-outcome relationship in aneurysm repair. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009;2(6):624-632. 16. Eckstein HH, Bruckner T, Heider P, et al. The relationship between volume and outcome following elective open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in 131 german hospitals. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;34(3):260-266.
China and the Global Financial Crisis

Despite China's strong current financial and economic position, a focus on China can help highlight how this current global crisis is just another step in the evolution and improvement of the world’s governance systems. China cannot make the mistake of viewing this crisis as a sign of weakness in the political and economic systems that have emerged over centuries in the world’s most scientifically and commercially advanced nations. Those systems are still works in progress, and China needs urgently to learn as much as it can from them—including the lessons they are gleaning or hopefully will glean from this current financial and economic crisis.
Selective medium for Pseudomonas aeruginosa that uses 1,10-phenanthroline as the selective agent

The MIC of 1,10-phenanthroline for 35 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was 128 micrograms/ml, whereas 32 micrograms or less per ml inhibited all other microorganisms tested. On the basis of these results, a selective agar for P. aeruginosa which contained 15 g of Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems), 15 g of agar, and 0.1 g of phenanthroline per liter was formulated. Forty-four P. aeruginosa strains yielded a mean efficiency of plating on this medium of 79% of the counts obtained on Trypticase soy agar, which was significantly higher than that obtained with pseudomonas isolation agar or Pseudosel agar. Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, representatives of 13 other genera (including gram-negative rods, gram-positive rods, and cocci), and a yeast were not recovered within 48 h at 35 degrees C when approximately 10(7) CFU were plated on this medium. Only small colonies from one strain each of P. fluorescens and P. putida could be seen at 3 and 7 days, respectively, and they had an efficiency of plating of only less than 0.001%. When 10(7) CFU of either of these strains was plated with 10(2) CFU of P. aeruginosa, it did not interfere with the quantitative recovery of P. aeruginosa.
Improving Access to Commercial Websites Under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act

In 1990, Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") — one of the most comprehensive set of antidiscrimination laws to date. Title III of the ADA requires private businesses to make reasonable efforts to ensure that disabled individuals are able to access their "place[s] of public accommodation." However, as the internet has grown more ubiquitous in Americans’ lives, there have been debates whether a commercial website is a place of public accommodation under Title III. In order to help ensure that the disabled community is not left behind as the nation’s dependence on web-based technology increases, Congress enacted the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act ("CVAA"). This Note examines conflicting interpretations of Title III, and how the CVAA may affect the ADA’s application to commercial websites. This Note concludes by arguing that a broad definition of “place of public accommodation” is in line with the history and purpose of the ADA, and federal regulations imposing uniform technical accessibility standards are needed in order to diminish the accessibility barriers to websites that fall within the scope of Title III.
Some Recent Results in the Theory of an Ideal Plastic Body

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some aspects of the mathematical theory of a perfectly plastic body. The “general and complete” plane problem of perfectly plastic isotropic body is defined. The main problem considered is an introduction to the theory of the “general and complete” plane problem. To study general yield conditions or to study the plane problem under assumption of a general yield condition must be derived from a physically correct three-dimensional setup. The chapter discusses simple waves, stress and velocity, the theory of the characteristics of the complete problem, the approximate solution of some initial value problems in case of real characteristics, and boundary value problems based on the theory exposed on the assumption of plane strain. Some specific features of boundary value problems of plasticity theory are illustrated. It is preferable to derive the plane problem as a particular solution of the three-dimensional one to make sure that the important cases of plane stress and plane strain are taken care of and that enough generality is achieved, together with necessary restrictions.
The Laboratory on 53rd Street: Victor D’Amico and the Museum of Modern Art, 1937–1969

This essay addresses the pioneering work of Victor D’Amico, the first director of education at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and an influential art educator. During his tenure at MoMA, D’Amico explored the role of museums in developing creativity through direct aesthetic experience and the larger social implications of art museum education. Victor D’Amico led the Education Project at MoMA, which began as a part-time school partnership program in 1937. By the time he retired in 1969, he had become an internationally recognized leader in the field of art museum education. Yet today his influence is little known and seldom discussed. This essay focuses on two important programs he developed at MoMA: his most widely acclaimed and influential program, the Children’s Art Carnival (1942-1969), and the groundbreaking art education television series Through the Enchanted Gate (1952-1953).
Abandoned agricultural land and its potential for short rotation woody crops in Latvia

Abandoned agricultural land in Latvia offers high potential for renewable energy production, especially for short rotation woody crops (SRWC). The objective of this study is to understand the main reasons why agricultural lands remain abandoned, and whether these reasons could pose any obstacles to the establishment of SRWC. The study was carried out in the Latgale planning region, with estimated 75,530 ha of abandoned agricultural land suitable for SRWC. Qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used to study the phenomenon. The results show that the primary reason for agricultural land abandonment is the absentee landowners who do not reside in the municipality (e.g., heirs, urban dwellers, intermediaries, and/or investors). Other reasons are: (1) perception of a greater future value from other types of land use; (2) environmental and biophysical characteristics of the land; (3) policy obstacles; (4) social behavior; and, (5) financial and economic constraints. The study also reveals that the establishment of SRWC on abandoned agricultural lands will depend on policies guiding land acquisition and agricultural land use, as well as social and economic policies that encourage small holder production, especially in Latgale.