cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterization of soil phosphorus and organic matter in different cropping systems in Maine, U.S.A.

To minimize purchased inputs, sustainable agriculture systems often use green- or animal-manure as a nitrogen source for crops. The addition of these materials also have positive impacts on soil phosphorus (P) availability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of animal- and legume-based cropping systems in place for 5‐13 years on the chemistry of organic matter and soil P. Two cropping systems, Potato Ecosystem (ECO) located in Presque Isle, ME, U.S.A. and Grass Fertility (GF) located in Stillwater, ME, U.S.A. received animal manure. Two others, Liebman E Rotation (LER) in Stillwater, ME, U.S.A. and Porter Rotation (PR) in Presque Isle, ME, U.S.A. were primarily legume-based rotations. Estimated difference in carbon input (ha � 1 year � 1 ) between the amended and control plots were: ECO, 8100 kg C; GF, 1010 kg; LER, 950 kg C; and PR, 415 kg C. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was higher (P < 0.10) in the treatment that received animal manure than those which only received legume residue. The E2/E3 spectrophotometric test indicated that the DOC extracted from the ECO manure-treated plots was more humified than that from the ECO control plots. There were no significant differences between the amended and control treatments in Olsen P or total P for all the tested cropping systems. Similar to that of the DOC response, the ECO cropping system that received animal manure recorded higher concentrations of water soluble P (P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between DOC and water-soluble P concentrations of the soil:water extract across soils, indicating a positive relationship between them. To determine the effects of the different cropping systems on P bioavailability, a simulation model was used to study how changes in P soil chemistry may affect P uptake by crops. The simulation runs showed that predicted P uptake was greater for the animal manure based ECO and GF systems, but not for the legume based LER and PR systems (P < 0.05). This study shows that cropping systems that include animal manure may increase soil P availability. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dynamics of Remotely Forced Intraseasonal Oscillations off the Western Coast of South America

Abstract Six years of sea level observations at six locations along the South American coast from Peru to Chile were analyzed at intraseasonal frequencies (periodicity 1–2 months). A high-resolution, low-frequency numerical coastal model, having realistic shelf and slope topography and bottom friction and forced by an equatorial signal, was used to analyze the intraseasonal coastal dynamics at these latitudes. The following results were obtained. Lagged correlations between sea level stations imply a sea level poleward propagation of 250 km day−1. The frictionless vertical wall theory poleward phase speed was considerably less at 216 km day−1. Model runs with realistic bottom friction and shelf and slope bottom topography gave poleward phase speeds much closer to that observed. For typical parameters the phase speed was 253 km day−1. Both bottom friction and topography significantly affect the propagation speed. Past work has shown that the sea level amplitude should grow alongshore like |f| (f = Coriolis...
Ventricular access device placement in the fourth ventricle to treat malignant fourth ventricle brain tumors: technical note

Purpose Ventricular access devices (VADs) are commonly placed in the lateral ventricle but rarely placed in other ventricular compartments. This manuscript describes technical aspects of VAD placement into the fourth ventricle for the purpose of treating malignant posterior fossa brain tumors.
Chart of Dismissed Federal Holocaust Claims

This chart shows the trend in Nazi-looted art cases since the 2004 landmark Altmann case in the United States Supreme Court. It will be updated as significant events occur.
Low Efficacy and High Mortality Associated with Clofarabine Treatment of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abstract Background: Clofarabine, a second-generation nucleoside analogue, has been shown in prospective studies to have activity in relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, there are few data evaluating performance of the drug in populations of patients not enrolled in clinical trials. Methods: We reviewed clinical outcomes for 84 patients treated at our center off-study for relapsed or refractory AML (n=81) or MDS (n=3) with clofarabine as monotherapy (n=19) or in combination with cytarabine (n=65). Almost all patients (n=62) receiving combination therapy were administered cytarabine 1 g/m2/day on days 1-5 and clofarabine 40 mg/m2/day on days 2-6 (Faderl et al Blood 2005; 105:940), while monotherapy dosing ranged from 15-30 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Results: Median age of patients was 51 years; 54% were male. The median prior salvage regimens received was 1 (range, 0-5). Using International Working Group (IWG) response criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) of all treated patients was 21%, with a complete response rate with either complete or incomplete hematopoietic recovery (CRR = CR + CRi) of 14%. For combination therapy, ORR was 22% with CRR of 18%, and monotherapy patients had an ORR of 21% with CRR of 11%. Although limited by small numbers, subgroup analysis did not reveal significant variation in response rates when comparing age, performance status, or prior number of salvage regimens. 30-day mortality or induction death for all patients, combined therapy, and monotherapy was 21%, 23%, and 16% respectively. Overall median survival for all patients was 3 months; a subset of 12 patients who were able to go to allogeneic stem cell transplant had an 18-month median survival. Conclusion: Clofarabine’s efficacy in a "real-world" setting appears to be less than has been reported in clinical trials, and treatment is associated with a high early mortality rate. Clofarabine’s utility in relapsed/refractory AML/MDS may be primarily for cytoreduction in patients who have an allogeneic transplant option. Disclosures Off Label Use: Clofarabine- a second-generation nucleoside analogue approved for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia..
Volumetric Differences in Cerebellar Lobes in Individuals from Multiplex Alcohol Dependence Families and Controls: Their Relationship to Externalizing and Internalizing Disorders and Working Memory

Offspring from families with multiple cases of alcohol dependence have a greater likelihood of developing alcohol dependence and related substance use disorders. Greater susceptibility for these disorders may be related to cerebellar morphology. Because posterior regions of the cerebellum are associated with cognitive abilities, we investigated whether high-risk offspring would display regionally specific differences in cerebellar morphology and whether these would be related to working memory performance. The relationship to externalizing and internalizing psychopathology was of interest because cerebellar morphology has previously been associated with a cognitive affective syndrome. A total of 131 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumes of the cerebellar lobes obtained with manual tracing. These individuals were from high-risk (HR) for alcohol dependence families (N = 72) or from low-risk (LR) control families (N = 59). All were enrolled in a longitudinal follow-up that included repeated clinical assessments during childhood and young-adulthood prior to the scan that provided information on Axis I psychopathology. The Working Memory Index of the Wechsler Memory Scale was given at the time of the scan. Larger volumes of the corpus medullare and inferior posterior lobes and poorer working memory performance were found for the HR offspring relative to LR controls. Across all subjects, a significant positive association between working memory and total volume of corpus of the cerebellum was seen, controlling for familial risk. Presence of an internalizing or externalizing disorder interacting with familial risk was also associated with volume of the corpus medullare.
Reduced-Order Models for the Aeroelastic Analysis of the Ares Vehicles

This document presents the development and application of unsteady aerodynamic, structural dynamic, and aeroelastic reduced-order models (ROMs) for the ascent aeroelastic analysis of the Ares I-X ight test and Ares I crew launch vehicles using the unstructured-grid, aeroelastic FUN3D computational uid dynamics (CFD) code. The purpose of this work is to perform computationally-e cient aeroelastic response calculations that would be prohibitively expensive via computation of multiple full-order aeroelastic FUN3D solutions. These e cient aeroelastic ROM solutions provide valuable insight regarding the aeroelastic sensitivity of the vehicles to various parameters over a range of dynamic pressures.
Antiauthoritarianism and Freedom in Early America

These ambitious and thought-provoking essays present us with seemingly irreconcilable interpretations of the American Revolution. Michael Zuckerman attempts to convince us that conditions in colonial British America not only clashed with European ideals and habits of deference but had coalesced into a culture of "bumptious egalitarianism and antiauthoritarianism" well before the American Revolution. Rather than sounding the death knell for deference, Zuckerman argues, the Revolution offered a dramatic political reiteration of antiauthoritarian patterns ingrained in early American culture; it thus did little to reconstitute social relations. Aaron S. Fogleman marshals immigration statistics to point out that after the American Revolution, the proportion of bound labor entering the United States declined dramatically, doubling the likelihood that an immigrant would enjoy freedom from the moment of arrival. To the question of whether "permanent, significant change in American history result[ed] from the political, military, ideological, and other upheavals" of the Revolution, Fogleman replies in the affirmative for "the context of immigration."' Methodologically, temperamentally, and interpretively, these essays are as distinct as possible. Whereas Zuckerman argues through anecdote, example, and case study, teasing the mentaliti of indentured servants and laboring men from accounts they authored, Fogleman compiles quantitative data to identify major changes in immigration patterns, whose causes he must infer. Zuckerman persuades with insightful readings, passionate declarations, and the bon mot, Fogleman by keeping the reader focused on the striking shift in the condition of most immigrants.
Selective Surface Chemistry Using Alumina Nanoparticles Generated from Block Copolymers

Developing orthogonal surface chemistry techniques that perform at the nanoscale is key to achieving precise control over molecular patterning on surfaces. We report the formation and selective functionalization of alumina nanoparticle arrays generated from block copolymer templates. This new material provides an alternative to gold for orthogonal surface chemistry at the nanometer scale. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm these particles show excellent selectivity over silica for phosphonic and carboxylic acid adsorption. As this is the first reported synthesis of alumina nanoparticles from block copolymer templates, characterizations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy are presented. Reproducible formation of alumina nanoparticles was dependent on a counterintuitive synthetic step wherein a small amount of water is added to an anhydrous toluene solution of block copolymer and aluminum chloride. T...
Information as Ritual: James Carey in the Digital Age:

The relationship between the online and offline self is one of the most interesting questions faced by new media researchers. This article argues that James Carey’s ritual view of communication can...
SU-G-TeP2-12: IROCHouston and MDAPL SRS Anthropomorphic Phantom Results

Purpose: To report the results of SRS phantom irradiations Methods: Anthropomorphic SRS head phantoms were sent to institutions participating in NCI sponsored SRS clinical trials and institutions interested in verifying SRS treatment delivery. The phantom shell was purchased from Phantom Laboratory and altered to house dosimetry and imaging inserts. The imaging insert has 1.9 cm diameter spherical target. The dosimetry insert holds two TLD capsules and radiochromic film in the coronal and sagittal planes through the center of the target. Institutions were asked to image, plan and treat the phantom as they would an SRS patient. GammaKnife, CyberKnife and c-arm accelerator institutions were asked to cover the target with 15 Gy, 20 Gy and 25 Gy, respectively. Following these guidelines and typical planning protocols for these three types of machines gives roughly 30 Gy to the center of the target for all units. Submission of the DICOM digital data set was required for analysis. Criteria of 5% for TLD results and 85% of pixels passing 5%/3mm gamma analysis were applied beginning in 2013. Results: The phantom was analyzed 269 times between the beginning of 2013 to present. The pass rate is 81%. Nineteen of the irradiation results failed only the TLD criteria, 19 failed only the film criteria and 12 failed both. Irradiations included 32 CyberKnife 23 GammaKnife, 3 TomoTherapy and 211 c-arm units. Planning systems included Eclipse, Ergo, GammaPlan, Hi-Art, iPlan, Monaco, MultiPlan, Pinnacle, RayStation, XiO and XKnife. Irradiations that were not accompanied with DICOM data were not included in this analysis. Conclusion: The phantom is a valuable end-to-end test used to independently verify the accuracy of SRS treatment delivery. This investigation was supported by IROC grant CA180803 awarded by the NCI.
Initial Evaluation and Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor arising from the neural crest parafollicular, or C-cells, of the thyroid. MTC is much less common than differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), representing less than 5 % of thyroid malignancies diagnosed and has not had the same increase in incidence noted for DTC over the past decade.
Inherent Uncertainties in Atmospheric Models: Weather and Air Pollution

It is well known that there are reducible and irreducible uncertainties in both uncoupled and coupled meteorology-atmospheric chemistry models. Reducible (i.e., structural and parametric) uncertainties are attributable to our incomplete or inadequate understanding of the relevant atmospheric processes (e.g. chemical mechanism, PBL evolution, modeling domain, grid resolution, cloud treatment) and errors in model input data (e.g., emissions, boundary conditions). Inherent or irreducible uncertainties stem from our inability to properly characterize the atmosphere with appropriate initial conditions. When the initial state of the atmosphere is unknown, its future state cannot be predicted with great accuracy. There is an emerging need to properly assess these types of modeling uncertainties in order to improve the prediction accuracy of modeling systems. This work focuses on the assessment of inherent uncertainties in atmospheric and air quality modeling systems by estimating the impacts of various options for initial conditions on weather parameters and their consequent effect on atmospheric pollutant concentrations. Support for the modeling efforts is given by data collected from surface measurement networks for the meteorological and air quality parameters. We focus on the changes in atmospheric variables that strongly affect the fate and transport of air pollutants like ozone and aerosols.
Comparison of two different surgical approaches to increase peri-implant mucosal thickness: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Background Current evidence supports the positive effect of adequate peri-implant mucosal thickness (PMT) on both marginal bone level stability and esthetic outcomes. While the subepithelial connective tissue graft (sCTG) has been traditionally considered as the gold standard for peri-implant mucosal augmentation, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) may be a valid alternative. The primary aim of this randomized clinical trial was to determine the clinical efficacy of ADM in the augmentation of PMT as compared to an autologous sCTG. Methods Patients who could benefit from peri-implant mucosal augmentation at the time of implant placement were recruited. Participants were randomized to the control (simultaneous sCTG) or test (simultaneous ADM) group. The primary outcome in this study was changes in PMT between baseline and 16 weeks later. Keratinized mucosal width (KMW) changes, modified wound healing index (MWHI) variations and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were recorded, as well. Results A total of 20 participants were recruited per an a priori power analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline for any of the parameters analyzed. The gain in PMT at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm from the expected mucosal margin was 0.44 ± 2.04 mm, 1.20 ± 1.48 mm, and 1.20 ± 0.89 mm in the sCTG group, and 0.05 ± 1.57 mm, 0.85 ± 1.29 mm, and 1.45 ± 1.17 mm in the ADM group. No statistically significant differences in terms of PMT, KMW, and MWHI changes were observed between groups. The perceived discomfort was higher at 2 and 4 weeks for patients in the sCTG group. Conclusion ADM produces similar outcomes to sCTG in terms of mucosal augmentation at the time of implant placement.
Achieving higher-value obstetrical care

Obstetrical care in the United States is unnecessarily costly. Birth is 1 of the most common reasons for healthcare use in the United States and 1 of the top expenditures for payers every year. However, compared with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, the United States spends substantially more money per birth without better outcomes. Our team at the Clinical Excellence Research Center, a center that is focused on improving value in healthcare, spent a year studying ways in which obstetrical care in the United States can deliver better outcomes at a lower cost. After a thoughtful discovery process, we identified ways that obstetrical care could be delivered with higher value. In this article, we recommend 3 redesign steps that foster the delivery of higher-value maternity care: (1) to provide long-acting reversible contraception immediately after birth, (2) to tailor prenatal care according to women's unique medical and psychosocial needs by offering more efficient models such as fewer in-person visits or group care, and (3) to create hospital-affiliated integrated outpatient birth centers as the planned place of birth for low-risk women. For each step, we discuss the redesign concept, current barriers and implementation solutions, and our estimation of potential cost-savings to the United States at scale. We estimate that, if this model were adopted nationally, annual US healthcare spending on obstetrical care would decline by as much as 28%.
Form 1-A

If Form C is the Swiss Army knife of disclosure documents, Form 1-A is a machete. The stakes are higher. You can solicit up to $50 million from anyone, not just accredited investors. (Certain investors are limited to investing only a certain percentage of their income, however.) While you have more freedom to talk about your offering on social media and via advertising, the overall audience is going to be more knowledgeable.
Long Term Results of High-Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Non-Amyloid Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disorders.

Abstract 4356 Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disorder (MIDD) is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which whole immunoglobulins or heavy or light chain subunits form non-fibrillar deposits in various tissues, causing organ dysfunction. Several studies have previously reported that high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) is safe and effective at achieving a complete hematologic response in this disease, but long term data is sparse. Hematological complete response is defined as normalization of serum free light chain ratio and concentration, bone marrow exam with less than 5% plasma cells, and absence of monoclonal gammopathy in serum and urine by immunofixation electrophoresis. Between 2003 and 2008, ten patients with MIDD were treated with HDM/SCT at a dose of 200mg/m 2 (n=6) or 100-140 mg/m 2 (n=4) depending upon age and clinical status and were assessed for hematologic responses and improvements in organ function at 3-6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter. The median age was 45 years (range, 34 to 70); all but one patient were male. Six patients had kappa clonal predominance and four patients had lambda clonal predominance. All ten patients had renal involvement, two were on dialysis and one had undergone a renal transplant. Two patients also had extrarenal manifestations with cardiac involvement. The median creatinine clearance was 26 mL/min (range 20 to 100) and the median 24 hour urine total protein excretion was 4,037 mg (range, 458 to 15,632). Peripheral blood stem cells were collected after GCSF mobilization and a median of 6.9 ×10 6 CD34cells/kg were collected. There was no treatment related mortality within 100 days of SCT. One patient developed end stage renal disease during the peri-transplant period. Of the seven patients who have had follow-up of at least a year, five (71%) achieved a complete hematological response (CR) and two (29%) had a partial hematological response. One patient died six months after HDM/SCT due to progressive disease. Clinical and organ responses were also evident after HDM/SCT in 5 out of 7 patients. The median creatinine clearance was 42 mL/min (range, 38-55) and the median 24 hour urine total protein excretion was 179 mg (range, 150 to 349) at 2 years after treatment. Of the five patients with hematologic CR, 3 (60%) have relapsed at a median of 3 years (range, 2-3). Two of the 5 patients continue to have hematologic CRs at four and six years after HDM/SCT. In summary, HDM/SCT in MIDD often results in hematological CRs, as well as an improvement in renal function. However, the 5-year relapse rate is high. This group of patients may benefit from maintenance anti-plasma cell therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
INTERROGATING RACE, CRIME, AND JUSTICE IN A TIME OF UNEASE AND RACIAL TENSION

This address has a twofold purpose. First, as the first African American to serve as president of the American Society of Criminology (ASC), I celebrate the contributions of scholars of color to the study of crime and criminal justice and to the ASC. I do so by pointing out the accomplishments of several African American scholars whose contributions are numerous and exemplary. I also emphasize that African Americans are joined in their efforts by scholars of multiple other colors, including, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asians. Second, in view of responses to apparent unrest and racial tension in U.S. society that is signaled by lethal violence between police and U.S. residents of color, I offer four recommendations regarding how we might proceed with our research, and report our findings, in ways that improve the likelihood of helping to inform societal debates and policy developments around crime and justice issues. In my conclusion, I encourage the ASC to 1) continue to grow the diversity of its membership and to integrate the research and findings of scholars of color into the mainstream of criminology; and 2) take further steps to conduct research and share findings with diverse audiences to ensure that post-truth does not become normative regarding crime and justice issues.
The Effect of Industrial Textile Effluent Interaction with both Laterite Soil and Expansive Soil

Industries are important role in the growth of the country on technology and economy part of it, at the same time it disposal hazards waste effluents after industrial processing, this may lead to environmental pollution and it is very dangers to human health, hence an attempt is made to control the environmental pollution by using industrial waste product into useful work, this is done by mixing the waste industrial effluent or particularly textile effluents to expensive and laterite soil in order to increment of strength characteristics of the soil, in this research work the Atterburg limit, free swelling, compaction values, optimum moisture content(OMC), and maximum dry density(MDD) and also Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for both expensive soil and laterite soil have been evaluated by mixing various percentage (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of textile effluents with a time period of zero to fifteen days, based on the experimental results made a comparative study in order to conclude the better performance soil for usage. From the investigation, it is observed that textile effluent is more effective for laterite soil compares to the expensive soil.Industries are important role in the growth of the country on technology and economy part of it, at the same time it disposal hazards waste effluents after industrial processing, this may lead to environmental pollution and it is very dangers to human health, hence an attempt is made to control the environmental pollution by using industrial waste product into useful work, this is done by mixing the waste industrial effluent or particularly textile effluents to expensive and laterite soil in order to increment of strength characteristics of the soil, in this research work the Atterburg limit, free swelling, compaction values, optimum moisture content(OMC), and maximum dry density(MDD) and also Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for both expensive soil and laterite soil have been evaluated by mixing various percentage (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of textile effluents with a time period of zero to fifteen days, based on the experimental results made a comparative study in order to conclude the better performance soil for usage. From the investigation, it is observed that textile effluent is more effective for laterite soil compares to the expensive soil.
Predictors of sleepiness in epilepsy patients.

Sleepiness, a common complaint of epilepsy patients, is frequently attributed to antiepileptic medications. To determine predictors of subjective sleepiness in epilepsy patients, we gave self-administered, validated surveys of sleepiness [Epworth sleepiness scale (our major outcome measure)] and sleep apnea [sleep apnea scale of the sleep disorders questionnaire (SA/SDQ)] to 158 epilepsy patients and 68 neurology patients without epilepsy (controls). An elevated Epworth score (>10) was more likely in epilepsy patients compared to controls after controlling for age and gender (p 0.10) of elevated Epworth score. Before attributing sleepiness in epilepsy patients to antiepileptic medications or uncontrolled seizures, clinicians should consider the possibility of a coexisting sleep disorder.
Challenges of Obtaining Evidence-Based Information Regarding Medications and Male Fertility.

In the clinic, the existing literature is insufficient to counsel our infertile men on medication use. Most studies have flaws that limit their application to evidence-based practice. In this chapter, we discuss the limitations of the current literature and the challenges to designing more useful studies. Among the most important weaknesses of existing studies is lack of power; that is, too few men are included to draw conclusions about the existence and size of medication effects. Adequate power is particularly important when confirming an absence of medication effect. Bias is also a problem in most studies. Early studies were rarely randomized, placebo-controlled, or blinded; a common example is patients receiving different medication regimes based on the severity of their symptoms—making it impossible to attribute differences between treated and untreated men to the medications. Additional bias is introduced by failing to include other factors that influence the outcome in the experimental design. A uniform population amenable to randomization and placebo-control are experimental species, and useful information has been gained from these models. However, application to humans is limited by differences from other species in route of drug administration, absorption of the drug, concentration in the male genital tract tissues, and genital tract physiology. To a lesser degree, there is variation among individual men in their response to drugs. In addition, drugs in the same class may have different effects, limiting the applicability of data across drugs of a single class. Complicating matters further, a toxic medication may seem to improve fertility endpoints by improving a disease condition that diminishes fertility. Finally, drug interactions have not been studied, and actual fertility data (pregnancy/fecundity) in humans are rare. A healthy dose of skepticism is warranted when evaluating studies of medications and male reproductive health.
Juvenile cerebral ischemia reveals age-dependent BDNF–TrkB signaling changes: Novel mechanism of recovery and therapeutic intervention:

Global ischemia in childhood often leads to poor neurologic outcomes, including learning and memory deficits. Using our novel model of childhood cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR), we investigate the mechanism of ischemia-induced cognitive deficits and recovery. Memory is impaired seven days after juvenile CA/CPR and completely recovers by 30 days. Consistent with this remarkable recovery not observed in adults, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired 7-14 days after CA/CPR, recovering by 30 days. This recovery is not due to the replacement of dead neurons (neurogenesis), but rather correlates with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, implicating BDNF as the molecular mechanism underlying impairment and recovery. Importantly, delayed activation of TrkB receptor signaling reverses CA/CPR-induced LTP deficits and memory impairments. These data provide two new insights (1) endogenous recovery of memory and LTP through development may contribute to improved neurological outcome in children compared to adults and (2) BDNF-enhancing drugs speed recovery from pediatric cardiac arrest during the critical school ages.
Race is associated with completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Completion of prescribed neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is paramount to patients obtaining full benefit from the treatment; however, factors affecting neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion are not known. We hypothesized that race is a predictor of completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS All patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy 2009-2016 at a single institution were stratified by completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and by race. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify patient and tumor characteristics that affected the rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion. RESULTS A total of 92 (74%) of 124 patients completed their prescribed neoadjuvant chemotherapy. On univariate analysis, white patients were more likely to complete neoadjuvant chemotherapy than non-white patients (76% vs 50%, P = .006). Non-white patients were more likely to have government insurance and larger prechemotherapy tumors (both, P < .05), but these factors were not associated with rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion. After controlling for age, insurance status, tumor size, and estrogen receptor status, whites remained associated with completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 3.65, P = .014). CONCLUSION At our institution, white patients with breast cancer were more likely than non-white patients to complete neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further investigation into the underlying factors impacting this disparity is needed.
Nucleobases and corresponding nucleosides display potent antiviral activities against dengue virus possibly through viral lethal mutagenesis

Dengue virus affects millions of people worldwide each year. To date, there is no drug for the treatment of dengue-associated disease. Nucleosides are effective antivirals and work by inhibiting the accurate replication of the viral genome. Nucleobases offer a cheaper alternative to nucleosides for broad antiviral applications. Metabolic activation of nucleobases involves condensation with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to give the corresponding nucleoside-5’-monophosphate. This could provide an alternative to phosphorylation of a nucleoside, a step that is often rate limiting and inefficient in activation of nucleosides. We evaluated more than 30 nucleobases and corresponding nucleosides for their antiviral activity against dengue virus. Five nucleobases and two nucleosides were found to induce potent antiviral effects not previously described. Our studies further revealed that nucleobases were usually more active with a better tissue culture therapeutic index than their corresponding nucleosides. The development of viral lethal mutagenesis, an antiviral approach that takes into account the quasispecies behavior of RNA viruses, represents an exciting prospect not yet studied in the context of dengue replication. Passage of the virus in the presence of the nucleobase 3a (T-1105) and corresponding nucleoside 3b (T-1106), favipiravir derivatives, induced an increase in apparent mutations, indicating lethal mutagenesis as a possible antiviral mechanism. A more concerted and widespread screening of nucleobase libraries is a very promising approach to identify dengue virus inhibitors including those that may act as viral mutagens.
Is the Teaching of Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations Dead or Alive in U.S. Public Administration

Despite widespread perceptions of a decline in teaching about federalism and/or intergovernmental relations in U. S. public administration and public affairs programs, this study finds that more th...
Metallurgical Analysis of Wrought Iron From the RMS Titanic

The discovery of the RMS Titanic has led to a number of scientific studies, one of which addresses the role that structural materials played in the sinking of the ship. Early studies focused on the quality of the hull steel as a contributing factor in the ship's rapid sinking, but experimental results showed that the material was state-of-the-art for 1911. Instead, it was suggested that the quality of the wrought iron rivets may have been an important factor in the opening of the steel plates during flooding. Here the quality of RMS Titanic wrought iron is examined and compared with contemporary wrought iron obtained from additional late 19th-/early 20th-century buildings, bridges, and ships. Traditional metallurgical analysis as well as compositional analysis, mechanical testing, and computer modeling are used to understand the variation in the mechanical properties of wrought iron as a function of its microstructure.
von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, and Tumor Vascularization

von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant, familial cancer syndrome that is characterized by the development of various benign and malignant tumors. The most frequent tumors are hemangioblastoma (HB) in the central nervous system (CNS), pheochromocytoma (Pheo), and renal-cell carcinoma of the clear-cell type (RCC). VHL families have been subdivided into those with a low risk of pheochromocytoma (type 1 VHL disease) and those with a high risk of pheochromocytoma (type 2 VHL disease). VHL type 2 disease is further classified into three categories: type 2A, type 2B, and type 2C. Type 2A VHL disease has pheochromocytoma and hemangioblastoma in the CNS, but not RCC. Type 2B exhibits pheochromocytoma, RCC, and hemangioblastoma. Type 2C disease has only pheochromocytoma, without hemangioblastoma or RCC.
Breast Cancer Screening Practices Among Black, Hispanic, and White Women: Reassessing Differences

Introduction We examine racial and ethnic variations in use of jeening mammography. We first review recent literature on Blacks’, Hispanics’, and non-Hispanic Whites’ mammography use. Here we extend that body of literature through use of a comprehensive national database and discussion of the implications of race- and nonrace-stratified mammography modeling. Methods: Data were extrapolated from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey. Using the Transtheoretical Model as a conceptual guide, we derived a woman’s stage of mammography adoption by integrating screening history with intention to have a future mammogram. The outcome variables included (1) not being screened at regular intervals and (2) not intending to have a mammogram in the future. Analyses were stratified by three groups: Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites. Results The results from the multiple logistic regressions demonstrate that race continues to be a factor influencing mammography use. Across all three groups, women who reported less regular cancer screening by clinical breast exam (CBE), Pap smear testing, or breast self-examination were less frequest users of mammography. However, the magnitude of the associations varied for the groups being compared. The findings also demonstrate that there were unique factors associated with not being screened routinely and not intending to have a mammogram in the future for all three racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Researchers must give explicit attention, both empirically and methodologically, to how race and ethnicity interact with sociodemographic factors, health practices, and access to health care to refine our understanding of barriers to breast cancer screening. Common barriers to routine screening may be perceived differently by Black, Hispanic, and White women and may contribute to underuse of mammography in distinct ways.
A generalized α-cut

For a fixed value α ∈ (0, 1), we introduce the relation α-sharpness and a measure of α-fuzziness of fuzzy sets. Then we propose an approximation of a fuzzy set A by its generalized α-cut Gα(A). A generalized α-cut of A is a special type of fuzzy set that is α-sharper than A and less α-sharp than the crisp approximation of A by its ordinary α-cut Aα. Attention will be given to the generalized α-cuts of fuzzy numbers.
Thermo-Tactile Interactions: Effects of Touch on Thermal Localization

It has long been known that spatial discrimination is much better in the tactile sense than in the thermal senses (Pritchard, 1931). Results like those of Cain (1973), who discovered that 20 percent of the time subjects fail to distinguish between radiant heat stimulation of the stomach and back, teach us that the thermal senses do not function as spatially discriminative senses. There is little reason they should: thermal stimulation commonly affects large areas of the body, as in the case of radiant or convective heating and cooling. When thermal stimulation is discrete, as in the case of conductive heating and cooling, the accompanying tactile stimulation supplies an accurate cue to locus. But there appears to be more to the perception of combined thermo-tactile stimulation than a simple spatial coincidence of the two sensations. The diffuse nature of thermal sensation prevents exact spatial coincidence, yet we routinely perceive thermal sensations as limited to the area of mechanical stimulation. The phenomenon described here, in which a tactile stimulus adopts the thermal quality of an adjacent conductive thermal stimulus, reveals a mechanism whereby relatively diffuse thermal sensations combine with tactile sensations to form discrete and unitary perceptions.
Incremental Search Methods for Reachability Analysis of Continuous and Hybrid Systems

In this paper we present algorithms and tools for fast and efficient reachability analysis, applicable to continuous and hybrid systems. Most of the work on reachability analysis and safety verification concentrates on conservative representations of the set of reachable states, and consequently on the generation of safety certificates; however, inability to prove safety with these tools does not necessarily result in a proof of unsafety. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach, which aims at the fast falsification of safety properties; this approach provides the designer with a complementary set of tools to the ones based on conservative analysis, providing additional insight into the characteristics of the system under analysis. Our algorithms are based on algorithms originally proposed for robotic motion planning; the key idea is to incrementally grow a set of feasible trajectories by exploring the state space in an efficient way. The ability of the proposed algorithms to analyze the reachability and safety properties of general continuous and hybrid systems is demonstrated on examples from the literature.
Trump v. Hawaii on the Travel Ban

The travel ban imposed by President Donald Trump raised constitutional challenges to the exclusion of immigrants and visitors from several Muslim countries such as Libya, Syria, and Somalia. The constitutional question is whether the ban is legitimately grounded in the President’s broad powers as Commander in Chief under Article II as well as specific powers over immigration granted by Congress, or is the ban instead grounded in animus against Muslims, in violation of the First Amendment? The Court’s decision to uphold the travel ban as a reasonable security restriction will increase the power of the presidency, but does not provide a blank check when First Amendment rights are implicated.
Vendor-specific microbiome controls both acute and chronic murine lung allograft rejection by altering CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cell levels

Despite standardized postoperative care, some lung transplant patients suffer multiple episodes of acute and chronic rejection while others avoid graft problems for reasons that are poorly understood. Using an established model of C57BL/10 to C57BL/6 minor antigen mismatched single lung transplantation, we now demonstrate that the recipient microbiota contributes to variability in the alloimmune response. Specifically, mice from the Envigo facility in Frederick, Maryland contain nearly double the number of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs ) than mice from the Jackson facility in Bar Harbor, Maine or the Envigo facility in Indianapolis, Indiana (18 vs 9 vs 7%). Lung graft recipients from the Maryland facility thus do not develop acute or chronic rejection. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics decreases Tregs and increases both acute and chronic graft rejection in otherwise tolerant strains of mice. Constitutive depletion of regulatory T cells, using Foxp3-driven expression of diphtheria toxin receptor, leads to the development of chronic rejection and supports the role of Tregs in both acute and chronic alloimmunity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the microbiota of certain individuals may contribute to tolerance through Treg -dependent mechanisms and challenges the practice of indiscriminate broad-spectrum antibiotic use in the perioperative period.
Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world

We measure financial literacy using questions assessing basic knowledge of four fundamental concepts in financial decision making: knowledge of interest rates, interest compounding, inflation, and risk diversification. Worldwide, just one in three adults are financially literate—that is, they know at least three out of the four financial concepts. Women, poor adults, and lower educated respondents are more likely to suffer from gaps in financial knowledge. This is true not only in developing countries but also in countries with well‐developed financial markets. Relatively low financial literacy levels exacerbate consumer and financial market risks as increasingly complex financial instruments enter the market. Credit products, many of which carry high interest rates and complex terms and conditions, are becoming more readily available. Yet only around half of adults in major emerging countries who use a credit card or borrow from a financial institution are financially literate. We discuss policies to protect borrowers against risks and encourage account holders to save.
Plasmonic gel nanocomposites for detection of high energy electrons

Radiation therapy is a common treatment modality employed in the treatment of cancer. High energy photons are the primary source of radiation but when administered, they leave an exit dose resulting in radiation damage to the adjacent healthy tissues. To overcome this, high energy electrons are employed in cases of skin cancer to minimize radiation induced toxicity. Despite these advances, measurement of delivered radiation remains a challenge due to limitations with existing dosimeters including labor intensive fabrication, complex read-out techniques and post-irradiation instability. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel colorimetric plasmonic gel nanocomposite for the detection of therapeutic levels of radiation delivered in electron beam therapy. The plasmonic nanocomposite consists of an agarose gel matrix encapsulating precursor gold ions, which are reduced to gold nanoparticles as a result of exposure to high energy electrons. The formation of gold nanoparticles renders a change in color to the agarose matrix, resulting in the formation of plasmonic gel nanocomposites. The intensity of the color formed exhibits a linear relation with the delivered electron dose, which can be quantified using absorbance spectroscopy. The plasmonic gel nanocomposites were able to detect doses employed in fractionated electron therapy, including in an anthropomorphic phantom used for planning radiation treatments in the clinic. Furthermore, the use of glutathione as a quenching agent facilitated qualitative and quantitative spatial mapping of the delivered dose. Our results indicate that the ease of fabrication, simplicity of detection and quantification using absorbance spectroscopy, determination of spatial dose profiles, and relatively low cost make the plasmonic gel nanocomposite technology attractive for detecting electron doses in the clinic.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus With Microfracture and Platelet-Rich Plasma-Infused Micronized Cartilage Allograft

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are difficult to treat. Arthroscopic microfracture augmented with micronized cartilage (BioCartilage; Arthrex, Naples, FL) and platelet-rich plasma is emerging as a treatment for moderate-sized, well-contained full-thickness OLTs. This treatment may provide superior histologic results and is less technically demanding and yields less morbidity than an open osteochondral allograft or autograft transfer. This technique guide presents the senior author's preferred strategy for treatment of a moderate-sized OLT with arthroscopic microfracture and placement of micronized cartilage and platelet-rich plasma.
"Learning for the Rise of China": Exploring Uses and Gratifications of State-Owned Online Platform

In January 2019, the Chinese Communist Party launched the online platform XueXi QiangGuo, which translates into "Learning for the Rise of China." Within two months, XueXi became the top-downloaded item of the month on Apple's App Store in China. In response, we conducted an interview study with 28 active XueXi users to investigate their uses and gratifications of this state-owned online platform. Our results reveal seven key motivations: compliance, self-status seeking, general information seeking, job support, entertainment, patriotism, and learning. This state-owned platform introduced a new model for official information dissemination and political communication through direct surveillance and monitoring, leveraging and fostering emotional attachment, and offering heterogeneous apolitical content. We discuss the intended and unintended ramifications of these components, highlighting the importance of future CSCW research to critically engage with pluralist political narratives situated in varied societies, especially non-Western democracies.