cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of dielectric and metal loading on the dispersion characteristics for contrawound helix circuits used in high-power traveling-wave tubes

The theory developed by M. Chodorow and E.L. Chu (Stanford Univ. Tech. Rep. TR249, 1954) is expanded to include the problem of a contrawound helix interposed between two dielectric regions, symmetrically oriented inside a conducting cylinder. The single helix oriented in an identical fashion is simultaneously analyzed. Numerical results are presented in the form of dispersion diagrams over a wide range of parameters. Interesting behavior found within these diagrams is discussed and, whenever possible, comparable to experimental results. >
Voxel databases: a paradigm for parallelism with spatial structure

This paper concerns parallel, local computations with a data structure such as a graph or mesh, which may be structured or unstructured. The target machine is a distributed-memory parallel processor with vector or pipeline hardware on the processors, but software based on voxel databases also runs efficiently on shared-memory and uniprocessor machines with and without vector hardware. A voxel database (VDB) is a distributed shared memory where entities which share memory are those at the same geometric position. A VDB may be thought of as a dictionary of position-subscript pairs, so that data may be associated with points in space by using the subscript of that point as an index into data arrays. The use of subscripts allows ease of programming and vectorization. The shared memory at each point is weakly coherent and may be either single-writer, multiple-reader—also known as the ghost node method—or multiple-combiner, multiple-reader memory. The VDB may be sorted to put special points at the beginning or end of the subscript list, and also to reduce cache-miss inefficiencies. Support is also provided for arbitrary distribution of data entities between processors for load-balancing. The idea of VDBs and the corresponding software tool provide a clear and efficient way to program a large variety of mesh computations in Fortran or C, such that the execution of the program is independent of the distribution of data to processors, and the mesh may be topologically adapted and load-balanced. As an example we discuss the implementation of an unstructured finite-element elliptic solver using a conjugate gradient method. We also discuss the implementations of a finite-volume flux-split fluid solver and of local adaptive refinement for meshes of simplices such as triangles or tetrahedra.
Adapting AMDIS for autonomous spectral identification of hazardous compounds for ISS monitoring

The stand-alone Vehicle Cabin Atmospheric Monitor (VCAM) instrument was designed to provide an automated method of monitoring air quality within the International Space Station (ISS) via a miniaturized mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph system. The output of the device, a series of mass spectra as a function of time, is then processed via our implementation of the Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) method from the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) to generate potential identification with reference to a known library of hazardous chemicals. In this paper we discuss the modifications required to the AMDIS method for autonomous in-flight operation as well as additions beyond the original method. In particular, the original AMDIS method contains numerous parameters that were intended to be adjusted by an operator during the analysis to reduce false positives and adjust sensitivity. We have instead implemented solution filtration based on elution time and discuss possible arbitration algorithms for close similar matches to provide the user with a more succinct, single-valued answer.
Blind equalization of fast fading Ricean channels via the EMV algorithm

We propose a blind maximum-likelihood equalization method for frequency selective Ricean fading channels with finite coherence time. This method employs the expectation maximization Viterbi algorithm (EMVA) developed for blind channel estimation and signal detection. In our previous work, the Viterbi algorithm (VA) is used to implement the E-phase of an expectation-maximization (EM) iteration for an HMM which describes the noise corrupted output of a deterministic finite state machine (FSM) driven by the transmitted data. To apply the EMVA to Ricean fading channels, we extend the HMM to a class of random FSMs associated with a deterministic finite-state trellis, to which the VA is applicable. As a result, the EMVA can be used to obtain a blind maximum-likelihood estimate of unknown parameters. Simulation results show that the EMVA estimates accurately the channel specular part and exhibits a near-optimum error rate performance, as if all parameters were known.
Evaluation of a regional air quality forecast model for tropospheric NO 2 columns using the OMI/Aura satellite tropospheric NO 2 product

Abstract. Results from a regional air quality forecast model, AIRPACT-3, are compared to OMI tropospheric NO2 integrated column densities for an 18 month period over the Pacific Northwest. AIRPACT column densities are well correlated (r=0.75) to cloud-free (
On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion

Correlations of the recorded peak acceleration, velocity and displacement, and the Modified Mercalli intensity have been carried out for 57 earthquakes and 187 strong-motion accelerograms recorded in the Western United States. Correlations of peak acceleration with intensity, characterized by the data scatter exceeding one order of magnitude, have lead to average peak accelerations which are higher than those reported by a majority of previous investigators. New correlations, also characterized by scatter of data of about one order of magnitude, have been presented for peak velocities and displacements of strong ground motion versus Modified Mercalli intensity. Grouping of all recorded data according to the geology underlying the strong-motion accelerograph stations was carried out and permitted a study of the possible effects that local geology might have on the peaks of strong-motion acceleration, velocity, and displacement. Results of this analysis are as follows: (1) For ground shaking of a particular Modified Mercalli intensity, average peak acceleration recorded on hard rock is higher by a factor less than about two than the average peak acceleration recorded on alluvium; (2) the effect of local geology on the average peak velocity leads to marginally higher peak values on alluvium; and (3) the peak ground displacements are larger, by a factor less than two, when recorded on alluvium rather than on hard rock.
Aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 4412 airfoil section with flap in extreme ground effect

Wing-in-Ground vehicles and aerodynamically assisted boats take advantage of increased lift and reduced drag of wing sections in the ground proximity. At relatively low speeds or heavy payloads of these craft, a flap at the wing trailing-edge can be applied to boost the aerodynamic lift. The influence of a flap on the two-dimensional NACA 4412 airfoil in viscous ground-effect flow is numerically investigated in this study. The computational method consists of a steady-state, incompressible, finite volume method utilizing the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Grid generation and solution of the Navier-Stokes equations are completed using computer program Fluent. The code is validated against published experimental and numerical results of unbounded flow with a flap, as well as ground-effect motion without a flap. Aerodynamic forces are calculated, and the effects of angle of attack, Reynolds number, ground height, and flap deflection are presented for a split and plain flap. Changes in the flow introduced with the flap addition are also discussed. Overall, the use of a flap on wings with small attack angles is found to be beneficial for small flap deflections up to 5% of the chord, where the contribution of lift augmentation exceeds the drag increase, yielding an augmented lift-to-drag ratio.
acculturation and assimilation: a clarification

The purpose of this paper is to provide a clarification of the relationship between acculturation and assimilation through the development of a conceptual framework. By means of a careful review of theoretically relevant literature prevalent characteristics related to each concept are delineated and discussed in order to identify and synthesize common, as well as contrasting, elements. A comparison of these elements or characteristics is then undertaken pursuant to proffering a clarification. In short, then, this paper seeks to compare and contrast salient characteristics of the concepts of acculturation and assimilation in order to clarify and delineate the relationship between them.
Maximum entropy modeling of periodically correlated processes

When the covariance function of a periodically correlated process is known to a certain lag, we show it can be extrapolated in such a way that it maximizes the entropy. The process with the maximum entropy is a Gaussian periodic autoregressive process and is unique in distribution.
'Every good-bye ain't gone': Analyzing the cultural underpinnings of classroom talk

This article explicates the Cultural Modeling Framework for designing robust learning environments that leverage everyday knowledge of culturally diverse students to support subject‐matter‐specific learning. It reports a study of Cultural Modeling in the teaching of response to literature in an urban underachieving high school serving African‐American students from low‐income communities who are also speakers of African‐American English. The study is situated in the history of research on African‐American English as a resource for academic learning, particularly in relation to literacy. Results document the ways that African‐American rhetorical features served as a medium for complex literary reasoning and provided contextualization cues to enhance participation.
Authoritative school discipline: High school practices associated with lower bullying and victimization.

In this study we examined authoritative discipline theory, which posits that 2 complementary aspects of school climate—structure and support—are important for adolescents’ safety in school. Using a statewide sample of over 7,300 ninth-grade students and 2,900 teachers randomly selected from 290 high schools, we showed, using hierarchical linear modeling, that consistent enforcement of school discipline (structure) and availability of caring adults (support) were associated with school safety. Structure and support were associated with less bullying and victimization after we controlled for size of school enrollment and the proportion of ethnic minority and low-income students. These findings suggest that discipline practices should not be polarized into a “get tough” versus “give support” debate because both structure and support contribute to school safety for adolescents.
Propagation of internal gravity waves in fluids with shear flow and rotation

In a rotating system, the vertical transport of angular momentum by internal gravity waves is independent of height, except at critical levels where the Doppler-shifted wave frequency is equal to plus or minus the Coriolis frequency. If slow rotation is ignored in studying the propagation of internal gravity waves through shear flows, the resulting solutions are in error only at levels where the Doppler-shifted and Coriolis frequencies are comparable.
μ-Opioid Receptors Often Colocalize with the Substance P Receptor (NK1) in the Trigeminal Dorsal Horn

Substance P (SP) is a peptide that is present in unmyelinated primary afferents to the dorsal horn and is released in response to painful or noxious stimuli. Opiates active at the mu-opiate receptor (MOR) produce antinociception, in part, through modulation of responses to SP. MOR ligands may either inhibit the release of SP or reduce the excitatory responses of second-order neurons to SP. We examined potential functional sites for interactions between SP and MOR with dual electron microscopic immmunocytochemical localization of the SP receptor (NK1) and MOR in rat trigeminal dorsal horn. We also examined the relationship between SP-containing profiles and NK1-bearing profiles. We found that 56% of SP-immunoreactive terminals contact NK1 dendrites, whereas 34% of NK1-immunoreactive dendrites receive SP afferents. This result indicates that there is not a significant mismatch between sites of SP release and available NK1 receptors, although receptive neurons may contain receptors at sites distant from the peptide release site. With regard to opioid receptors, we found that many MOR-immunoreactive dendrites also contain NK1 (32%), whereas a smaller proportion of NK1-immunoreactive dendrites contain MOR (17%). Few NK1 dendrites (2%) were contacted by MOR-immunoreactive afferents. These results provide the first direct evidence that MORs are on the same neurons as NK1 receptors, suggesting that MOR ligands directly modulate SP-induced nociceptive responses primarily at postsynaptic sites, rather than through inhibition of SP release from primary afferents. This colocalization of NK1 and MORs has significant implications for the development of pain therapies targeted at these nociceptive neurons.
Contribution of diet to aggregate arsenic exposures: An analysis across populations

The relative contribution of dietary arsenic (As) to aggregate daily exposure has not been well-characterized, especially in relation to the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 p.p.b. for As in drinking water. Our objectives were to: (1) model exposure to inorganic and total As among non-seafood eaters using subject-specific data, (2) compare the contribution of food, drinking and cooking water to estimated aggregate exposure in households with variable background tap water As levels, and (3) describe the upper distribution of potential dose at different thresholds of tap water As. Dietary As intake was modeled in regional study populations and NHANES 2003–2004 using dietary records in conjunction with published food As residue data. Water As was measured in the regional studies. Among subjects exposed to tap water As >10 p.p.b., aggregate inorganic exposure was 24.5–26.1 μg/day, with approximately 30% of intake from food. Among subjects living in homes with tap water As ≤10, 5 or 3 p.p.b., aggregate inorganic As exposure was 8.6–11.8 μg/day, with 54–85% of intake from food. Median inorganic As potential dose was 0.42–0.50 μg/kg BW/day in subjects exposed to tap water As >10 p.p.b. and less than half that among subjects exposed to tap water As ≤10 p.p.b. The majority of inorganic and total As exposure is attributable to diet in subjects with tap water As <MCL. Further research is needed to determine the potential toxicity and need for regulation of As in foods.
Maxwell–Dirac Equations in Four-Dimensional Minkowski Space

Abstract I derive the global existence and asymptotic behavior of small amplitude solutions to the system of massive coupled classical Maxwell–Dirac equations in the four-dimensional Minkowski space. Because the physically defined energy of the system is not positive definite, I transform it into an equivalent system of Maxwell–Klein–Gordon equations, which I study with a method based on gauge invariant energy estimates and geometric properties of the equations.
Work in Progress: Open Source Software as the Basis of Developing Software Design Case Studies

Case studies are often used as a vehicle to introduce fundamental principles and techniques in a software engineering course. However, finding a realistic yet manageable application as the basis of developing a case study is challenging to the instructors. We describe our preliminary experience with using an open source product, JUnit, to develop a case study. We also describe using a follow-up exercise to exploit potential benefits of such a case study. We believe that case studies based on open source software can help prepare our students for the real challenges of professional software development.
Decentralized Formation Tracking of Multi-Vehicle Systems with Consensus-Based Controllers

Control problems involving unmanned mobile vehicles have attracted considerable attention in the control community during the past decade. One of the basic motion tasks assigned to a mobile vehicle may be formulated as following a given trajectory [13] [25]. The trajectory tracking problem was globally solved in [20] by using a time-varying continuous feedback law, and in [2] [12] [16] through the use of dynamic feedback linearization. The backstepping technique for trajectory tracking of nonholonomic systems in chained form was developed in [6] [10]. In the special case when the vehicle model has a cascaded structure, the higher dimensional problem can be decomposed into several lower dimensional problems that are easier to solve [17].
An approximation algorithm for the maximum independent set problem in cubic planar graphs

A polynomial time approximation algorithm A for the problem of finding a maximal independent set for cubic planar graphs is presented. It is shown that MA > 6/7 in the case of cubic planar graphs and MA = 7/8 in the case of triangle free cubic planar graphs where MA is the worst-case ratio of the size of the independent set found by A to the size of the maximum independent set for the graph input to A.
The 3-Hour Therapy Criterion: A Challenge for Rehabilitation Facilities

Rehabilitation hospitals and units must meet certain requirements to be reimbursed by Medicare. Section 211 of the Medicare Hospital Manual specifies that at least 3 hours a day of physical and/or occupational therapy must be provided to each patient in addition to other required therapies and services. This article discusses the political and professional context surrounding the implementation of these guidelines and some of the practical issues that managers must address in the process. A case report is used to illustrate the management strategies and specific methods that have been implemented in the Occupational Therapy Department at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago in response to the 3-hour criterion. Data are presented to indicate how these efforts have contributed to raising our level of compliance with the criterion during the 1985-1986 fiscal year. The compliance data are discussed in relation to variation in both the number of patients and staff productivity over the course of the year.
Printable DNA Sensor using Organic Transistors

For the first time, we demonstrate organic transistor-based DNA sensors. DNA molecules are immobilized directly on the surface of organic semiconductors, producing an unambiguous doping-induced threshold voltage shift. With these shifts, single- and double stranded DNA are differentiated successfully. Factors that influence sensor sensitivity have been analyzed and optimum conditions have been determined using statistically designed experiments. In order to make DNA detection fast, we also demonstrate sub-millisecond on-chip electrically enhanced hybridization using the transistors. These technologies together enable the realization of disposable, rapid-turnaround tools for field-deployable genomic diagnosis.
Education and career preparation for youth with disabilities.

Questions about the nature and adequacy of career preparation for youth with disabilities are especially salient today because the developments from research and demonstration efforts have dramatically altered the expectations for their employability. In sharp contrast to the isolated demonstrations of success stand the data on the employment status of adults with disability. Between 50 and 80% of working-age adults who report a disability are jobless (1,2). Although the normal methods of data collection probably result in undercounting employed persons with disabilities (3), similarly high rates of joblessness have been reported in follow-up studies of recent special-education graduates (4,5). Recent data also indicate that individuals served by publicly supported day or vocational services typically receive low wages, make slow progress toward employment, and are segregated from their nondisabled peers (6,7). High schools and adult services are confronting a changing population. Those adolescents with handicaps now in high schools constitute the first cohort of students who have enjoyed the benefits of the "right to education" legislation. A conservative estimate is that these students have had at least seven years of the free public education guaranteed by P.L.
Spatial Reconstructions and Comparisons of Historic Snow Avalanche Frequency and Extent Using Tree Rings in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Natural snow avalanches have periodically damaged infrastructure and disrupted railroad and highway traffic at the southwestern corner of Glacier National Park, Montana. The 94-year history of these disruptions constitutes an uncommon record of natural avalanches spanning over nine decades and presents a unique opportunity to examine how natural avalanche frequency and minimum extent have varied over time due to climatic or biophysical changes. This study compared the historic record of natural avalanches in one avalanche path with tree-ring evidence of avalanches from 109 cross sections and increment cores collected in the same path. Results from combined historic and tree-ring records yielded 27 avalanche years in the 1910–2003 chronology, with the historic record alone underestimating avalanche years by half. Mean return period was 3.2 years. Interpolated maps allowed for more spatially precise estimates of return periods throughout the runout zone than previous studies. The maps show return p...
Adherence and Dosage Contributions to Parenting Program Quality.

AbstractObjective: The 3 most examined elements of treatment fidelity are adherence, dosage, and quality. The relationships between these fidelity elements are complex, and additional research is needed to provide clarity. Improving clarity may be especially relevant to parenting programs, which tend to include direct explicit instruction (DEI) elements (i.e., instruction, modeling, and practice). The adherence to and dosage of these DEI elements are frequently assumed to improve program quality; however, little information is available to determine if adherence to and dosage of these DEI elements affect program quality. This study examines whether adherence to and dosage of DEI elements predict quality ratings for a widely disseminated, manualized parenting program. Method: Adherence is defined as the percentage of intervention tasks completed for each DEI element. Dosage is defined as the number of minutes and seconds spent in each intervention DEI element. Treatment fidelity is assessed for 36 of 144 s...
Current Research on the δ-Opioid Receptor: From Neuroprotection Against Hypoxia/Ischemia to Broad Neural Functions

The delta-opioid receptor (DOR) was traditionally thought to be primarily involved in modulating the transmission of messages along pain pathways. Therefore, most previous studies focused on its function in pain modulation. Although there were scattered studies on other functions, inconsistent results and contradicting conclusions were present in the past literature, especially in terms of DOR and neuroprotection against hypoxic/ischemic injury. Based on our observations on the evolutionary developmental distribution of DOR in the brain, and taking inspiration from the finding that the turtle brain exhibited a much higher DOR density and greater tolerance to hypoxic/ischemic insult, we clarified DOR’s specific role in the brain against hypoxic/ischemic injury and reconciled previous controversies in this aspect. Furthermore, we expanded our work to other neural functions and achieved significant progress. Our first finding showed that DOR is an endogenous inhibitor of sodium channels, and DOR signaling is involved in the maintenance of ionic homeostasis stabilization in physiological conditions as well as under hypoxic/ischemic stress. DOR activation upregulates the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters and increases astrocytic ability to clean up extracellular glutamate accumulation. DOR signals promote the function of Nrf2 in both neurons and glia. DOR can also exert a beneficial action against Parkinson’s disease and its activation reduces α-synuclein overexpression and oligomer formation in in vitro models of Parkinson’s disease. DOR activation prevents the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby reducing cell injury. In addition to DOR neuroprotection against ischemic injury in the model of ischemic stroke, DOR acts as a major mediator in electroacupuncture-induced brain protection against cerebral ischemia. The DOR system may also serve as an inhibitor of epileptic hyperexcitability through the inhibition of sodium channel function, which would explain the positive effects electroacupuncture has on epilepsy. Apart from our research, recent studies from other independent laboratories consistently show a variety of functions for DOR that are mostly beneficial, including neurogenesis, in the brain and heart. On the other hand, dysfunction of DOR may be involved in the pathophysiological events of many diseases. An in-depth understanding of DOR’s functions and the underlying mechanisms and development of more effective DOR ligands will eventually open a door for the prevention and treatment of many neurological and other diseases in the future.
Elastic Constants and Related Properties of the Group III-Nitrides

The elastic constants of the Group-III nitrides, c-BN, AlN and GaN were calculated from first-principles using the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method and local density approximation. The relation between the elatic constants in zincblende and wurtzite is studied by means of a tensor coordinate transformation approach. The latter combined with a correction for the internal displacement of the rotated tetrahedra is found to provide good results for the Ch11 Ch12 and Ch44 but not for Ch13 and Ch33. These two require explicit calculations involving distortions along the c-axis. The calculations also provide information on the transverse optical phonons. By deriving Keating model parameters we show that BN is much stiffer against bond-angle distortions than the other nitrides.
Lumbar clinical adjacent segment pathology: predilection for proximal levels.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE To evaluate reoperations for lumbar adjacent segment pathology (ASP) during a 10-year period. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA ASP after lumbar arthrodesis is an important clinical problem. There remains controversy, however, on the distribution of the most commonly affected levels. METHODS Thirty-one patients undergoing revision operation for ASP in the lumbar spine were included in this study. Patients' charts were evaluated for demographic data including age at index and revision operations, time to revision operation, and index and revision levels fused. RESULTS L4-L5 was the most commonly instrumented level in both single-level (n = 12), and multilevel (n = 13) index fusions. The mean length of time from the index operation to revision surgery was 81 months (range, 11-570 mo). Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted a disease-free survival rate of 32.3% at 5 years and of 12.9% at 10 years after the index operation. L3-L4 was the most commonly affected level by ASP with 75% (16/20) requiring reoperation. L2-L3 was the next most commonly affected level at 52% (14/27). The L5-S1 disk was relatively protected from ASP, with only 4/17 (24%) disks at risk developing ASP. A subgroup analysis of patients undergoing revision after a single-level L4-L5 arthrodesis revealed ASP at L3-L4 in 83% (10/12) of patients, compared with only 3/12 (25%) at L5-S1 (P < 0.05). Of all cases of ASP, the proximal segments were involved 90% of the time. CONCLUSION ASP most commonly affects proximal levels in the lumbar spine. In this cohort of patients undergoing revision fusion for ASP, 90% of affected levels were rostral to the index level(s). In patients undergoing L4-L5 single-level arthrodesis, L3-L4 is at high risk, whereas L5-S1 is somewhat protected. Surgeons should pay particular attention to proximal levels when planning a lumbar arthrodesis, however, motion segments distal to fusion may not be as protected as previously thought. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Ion exchange characteristics of commercial guard columns for ion chromatography and their application to determination of sulfate ion in mineral spring water as preconcentration columns.

3種類のプレカラム(Dionex製HPIC-AG3,HPIC-AG4,HPIC-AG5)についてフッ化物イオン,塩化物イオン,亜硝酸イオン,硝酸イオン,リン酸イオン,硫酸イオンの6種類の陰イオンに関するカラムのイオン交換特性を求めた.同じカラムでも陰イオンの種類により交換容量も異なった.標準混合陰イオン溶液をカラムに通すとフッ化物イオンや塩化物イオンはほとんどカラムに捕集されないのに対し,リン酸イオンや硫酸イオンはカラムに捕集された.又,HPIC-AG5では塩化物イオンが約2mg共存していても定量的に硫酸イオンを捕集することができた.そこでイオンクロマトグラフィーによる鉱泉水中の微量の硫酸イオンの定量における前濃縮に本プレカラムを応用した.
Dissipative Dynamics of Laser-Induced Torsional Coherences

We present a model for strong field coherent control of torsional modes of molecules with a focus on exploring the controllability of molecular torsions subject to dissipative media and understanding how phase information is exchanged between torsional modes and a dissipative environment. Our theory is based on a density matrix formalism, wherein dissipation is accounted for within a multilevel Bloch equation model. Our results point to new and interesting phenomena in wavepacket dissipation dynamics that are unique to torsions and also enrich our general understanding of wavepacket phenomena. In addition, we suggest guidelines for designing torsional control experiments for molecules interacting with a dissipative bath.
THE KLUGE-KERFOOT PHENOMENON-A STATISTICAL ARTIFACT.

Kluge and Kerfoot (1973) reported that for seven vertebrate data sets the relative amount of interlocality differentiation for a given morphometric variable was positively correlated with the amount of its within-population variation. Since that time this empirical relationship (now called the "Kluge-Kerfoot phenomenon," Sokal, 1976) has been demonstrated in a number of data sets for a wide variety of organisms (insects, mollusks, fish, protozoa, and birds). In almost every study in which this relationship was examined some positive association was found. The underlying premise of Kluge and Kerfoot (1973) was that, if there were a positive relationship between the measures of variation within and among populations, it must be attributable at least in part to the variability of
Wear Mechanism of Ni-Based Super-Alloy by Laser Cladding

The paper adopts Nickel-based Super Alloy powder as prepared layer,new typical wear resistance and frication coating is formed on the CrMo cast iron by laser cladding process.Uniform experiment design is presented.The wear mechanism is studied and the wear mechanism map is established.The main wear form includes slight and serious wear,and the wear mechanism of laser cladding layer are delamination,adhesive wear,abrasive wear and oxide wear.The safe working conditions are in that the load is under 4 MPa;the velocity is more than 1.5 m/s,and the load is more than 4MPa;the velocity is from 1～1.5 m/s.
Print in the time of Parliament: 1625–1629

In 1628 Henry Burton, the godly rector of St. Matthew's Church in Friday Street, London, noted a changing climate for preachers and religious writers that had begun, he said, seven years past: Yea, what a Metamorphosis have wee seene already in these our daies? How unlike is the present time to the former which we have seene? For, as I told the L. Bp. of London , it was a pitifull thing to see the strange alteration of these times within this 7 yeares, from those former. For formerly, not a Popish, nor Arminian booke durst peepe out; but now, such onely are countenanced and published, & Orthodox bookes suppressed. It was not wont to be so, my Lord, quoth I. And … [some] hath dared of late dayes to encroach even upon the liberty of Preaching itselfe, that [ sic ] in the most publicke place of the Kingdome. Preachers have been beene forced sometime before, to show their Sermons before they were preached, and some were not suffred to preach for their very texts sake … Therefore you see the case is altered. As a conforming Calvinist, which he indeed was in 1628, Burton here expresses concern not only with the changing conditions of print culture that were occurring in the 1620s but also with the increasingly divisive climate within the Church of England as two rival factions struggled with what precisely it meant to be “Orthodox.”
Quantity and Quality of Gestural Input: Caregivers’ Sensitivity Predicts Caregiver–Infant Bidirectional Communication Through Gestures

Children's use of pointing and symbolic gestures—early communication skills which predict later language—is influenced by frequency of adults’ gestures. However, we wonder whether, like language, the sensitivity of adult–child interactions is also important for encouraging child gesturing, rather than simply quantity of adult gestural input. Furthermore, children's use of gestures influences qualities of adult–child interaction, eliciting greater responsiveness and richer communication. Thus, we investigated the moderating role of nonparental caregiver sensitivity on the relationship between caregivers’ and infants’ use of pointing and symbolic gestures. We observed 10 infants (ages 6–19 months) over 8 months with a total of 24 student caregivers completing short-term internships, recording adult and child use of pointing and symbolic gestures. We used longitudinal growth models to examine change in gesturing and moderating roles of caregiver sensitivity in the relations between caregiver and child gesturing behavior. Caregivers’ sensitivity moderated effects of caregivers’ symbolic gestures on infants’ pointing and symbolic gestures, and the effects of infants’ pointing and symbolic gesture frequency on caregivers’ gesture use. Thus, caregivers’ gestures are most effective in supporting child gestures when in the context of sensitive interactions. Sensitivity is central to supporting children's early communicative behaviors, including pointing and symbolic gestures.
Competition and Career Concerns

In this paper, I model an interdependence of fund managers' career concerns. My model contrasts with a theoretical literature where the threat of outflows arises from competition among managers (such that money leaving one fund would tend to flow in to other funds). Here, investors face uncertainty about the aggregate ability of hedge fund managers. Inferences from industry performance impact all managers, making the intensities of managers' career concerns correlated and time-varying. After the industry performs poorly, managers fly toward safer assets and risky asset prices fall. Price impacts are persistent. Asset price volatilities are nonmonotonic in the level of reputation risk. Moderately risky assets have the most volatile prices; managers endogenously treat them as safe assets in good times, but as risky assets in bad times. Investors learn about their own manager's ability in part by looking at other managers' performance, so the motive to "share the blame" reverses. I fi nd support for this predicted reversal in hedge fund flow data.
Rehabilitation Considerations in Regenerative Medicine

Rehabilitation and regenerative medicine therapies has shown improved outcomes for tissue regeneration. Regenerative rehabilitation guides protocols regarding when to start therapy, types of stimuli administered, and graded exercise programs, taking into account biological factors and technologies designed to optimize healing potential. Although there are currently no evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation, fundamental physical therapy principles likely apply. Immobilization tends to have deleterious effects on musculoskeletal tissues; mechanical loading promotes tissue healing and regeneration. Common physical therapy interventions may provide beneficial effects after the application of regenerative therapies. Research is needed to determine optimal rehabilitation protocols to enhance tissue healing and regeneration.
Post-MT Term Swapper: Supplementing a Statistical Machine Translation System with a User Dictionary

A statistical machine translation (SMT) system requires homogeneous training data in order to get domain-sensitive (or context-sensitive) terminology translations. If the data contains various domains, it is difficult for an SMT to learn context-sensitive terminology mappings probabilistically. Yet, terminology translation accuracy is an important issue for MT users. This paper explores an approach to tackle this terminology translation problem for an SMT. We propose a way to identify terminology translations from MT output and automatically swap them with user-defined translations. Our approach is simple and can be applied to any type of MT system. We call our prototype Term Swapper. Term Swapper allows MT users to draw on their own dictionaries without affecting any parts of the MT output except for the terminology translation(s) in question. Using an SMT developed at Microsoft Research, called MSR-MT (Quirk et al., (2005); Menezes & Quirk (2005)), we conducted initial experiments to investigate the coverage rate of Term Swapper and its impact on the overall quality of MT output. The results from our experiments show high coverage and positive impact on the overall MT quality.
Protein arginine methyltransferases interact with intraflagellar transport particles and change location during flagellar growth and resorption

Protein arginine methyl transferases are located at specific sites in the flagellum. They change location during changes in flagellar dynamics (i.e., resorption and regeneration) via interaction wi...
On the density of coprime tuples of the form (n, [f1(n)],...,[fk(n)]), where f1,...,fk are functions from a hardy field

Let \(k \in \mathbb{N}\) and let f1, …, f k belong to a Hardy field. We prove that under some natural conditions on the k-tuple ( f1, …, f k ) the density of the set $$\displaystyle{\big\{n \in \mathbb{N}:\gcd (n,\lfloor \,f_{1}(n)\rfloor,\ldots,\lfloor \,f_{k}(n)\rfloor ) = 1\big\}}$$ exists and equals \(\frac{1} {\zeta (k+1)}\), where ζ is the Riemann zeta function.
Biochemie und Physiologie der hypothalamischen Hormone

Darf ich Ihnen zunachst meine grose Freude uber die ehrenvolle Einladung zur Teilnahme an diesem Kongres ausdrucken. Meine verehrten Vorredner haben bereits das Problem der anatomischen Beziehungen zwischen Diencephalon und Hypophysenvorderlappen sowie einige der Regulationsmechanismen besprochen, mit denen das Zentralnervensystem an der Sekretion der verschiedenen Hypophysenhormone beteiligt ist. Darum mochte ich mich direkt dem Kern meines Vortrages zuwenden, namlich der Natur hypothalamischer Informationen, die, wenn sie das Parenchym der Adenohypophyse erreichen, dort spezifisch die Freisetzung und Sekretion spezifischer Hypophysenhormone auslosen.
Three decades of studies to understand the functions of the ubiquitin family.

Many intracellular proteins are metabolically unstable or can become unstable during their lifetime in a cell. The in vivo half-lives of specific proteins range from less than a minute to many days. Among the functions of intracellular proteolysis are the elimination of misfolded or otherwise abnormal proteins; maintenance of amino acid pools in cells affected by stresses such as starvation; and generation of protein fragments that act as hormones, antigens, or other effectors. One major function of proteolytic pathways is the selective destruction of proteins whose concentrations must vary with time and alterations in the state of a cell. Short in vivo half-lives of such proteins provide a way to generate their spatial gradients and to rapidly adjust their concentration or subunit composition through changes in the rate of their degradation. The regulated (and processive) degradation of intracellular proteins is carried out largely by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (Ub system), in conjunction with autophagy-lysosome pathways. Other contributors to intracellular proteolysis include cytosolic and nuclear proteases, such as caspases, calpains, and separases. They often function as “upstream” components of the Ub system, which destroys protein fragments that had been produced by these (nonprocessive) proteases. Ub, a 76-residue protein, mediates selective proteolysis through its enzymatic conjugation to proteins that contain primary degradation signals (degrons (1)), thereby marking such proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, an ATPdependent multisubunit protease. Ub conjugation involves the formation of a poly-Ub chain that is linked (in most cases) to the e-amino group of an internal Lys residue in a substrate protein. Ub is a “secondary” degron, in that Ub is conjugated to proteins that contain primary degradation signals. Ub has nonproteolytic functions as well. The design of the Ub system is summarized in Fig. 1.
Removal of Copper from White Wine: Imidazole-Based Polymers Are Efficient at Copper Adsorption

Summary Goals: Spray management in the vineyard and enological techniques for mitigating sulfur off-odors may lead to detectable accumulation of copper (Cu) in wine. Although widely used in winemaking, this transition metal may be detrimental to wine aromatics postbottling, has legal limits in many countries, and may be a health hazard if consumed in enough quantity. Cu concentration is therefore monitored, and, when necessary, reduced. To assess the efficacy of commercially available products at removing Cu from wine, a selection of both traditional and novel fining agents were tested. Key Findings: Of the seven fining products used, those comprising a polyvinyl imidazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer (PVI-PVP) were most effective in reducing Cu concentrations, removing up to 94% of added Cu after 72 hrs. Agents composed of yeast, potato protein, and bentonite showed little capacity for removing added Cu from wine. Impact and Significance: Winemakers in past decades have relied on various methods to reduce Cu concentrations in wine; among these is a treatment known as “blue fining”, a procedure requiring ferrocyanide that can generate a toxic by-product. Alternative methods yielded substantial reduction in added Cu(II) from white wine with PVI-PVP-containing fining agents. These agents represent promising and safe alternative methods of Cu removal. The addition of PVI-PVP agents following Cu treatments of wines may be the most practical method for reducing Cu concentrations, and will subsequently inhibit postbottling formation of hydrogen sulfide and prevent possible illnesses associated with Cu consumption.
Thematic Analysis of YouTube Comments on Disclosure of Animal Cruelty in a Luxury Fashion Supply Chain

While consumers’ increasing demands for luxury leather goods drives luxury brands to secure supplies of exotic and high-quality animal skins, animal welfare activists have attempted to raise the public’s awareness of cruelty in the luxury fashion supply chains. Adopting the attribution theory, this study aims to uncover the pattern of consumers’ responses to the issue of animal cruelty in the luxury fashion industry. Data were collected from consumers’ responses to animal cruelty as revealed in PETA (People of Ethical Treatment of Animal)’s video on YouTube. Data analysis revealed distinct blame attributions and coping strategies, which depend heavily on viewers’ attitude toward the video content. Findings from this study suggest that consumers’ blame attributions are dispersed among different stakeholders, with luxury fashion brands and their customers treated as the causes of animal cruelty, slaughterhouse workers, and humans in general treated as perpetrators, and PETA and commenters that support PETA’s message treated as accusers. Implications for the luxury fashion business and animal welfare promotion are discussed.
Compliance in 2017 With Federal Calorie Labeling in 90 Chain Restaurants and 10 Retail Food Outlets Prior to Required Implementation

Objectives. To examine early compliance with the delayed federal calorie labeling regulation that requires posting calories on menus and menu boards at retail food chains with 20 or more establishm...
Usefulness of Doppler Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Valvular Heart Disease

The concepts necessary to intelligently apply Doppler echocardiography to clinical cardiology are simple but must be thoroughly understood.
Phosphonolipids in Tetrahymena cilia

Abstract The lipid fraction extracted from isolated cilia of Tetrahymena , pyriformis contains a high proportion of phosphonolipids and much smaller amounts of phospholipids. The major components are an alkoxy acyl glycerol ester of 2-aminoethyl-phosphonate (AEP), and corresponding deacylated derivative. By contrast, other organelles of these cells contain large amounts of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin, in addition to phosphonolipids.
Cellular gatekeepers of the humoral immune response

The spleen is critical for eliminating bloodborne pathogens and preventing systemic infection. In the marginal zone (MZ), the site in which splenic antibody responses are first initiated, we have discovered a dendritic cell (DC) ‘hairnet’ architecture that is responsible for extracting two unrelated viral antigens from the perfusing blood and importing them into B cell follicle to initiate IgM and IgG responses. The IgM response was independent of T-cell help, and proceeded via DC display of conformationally intact antigen in the absence of MHC proteins. Interestingly the DC-antigen captures and importing mechanism are solely governed by the glycan of the antigens. Taking all together, we propose that DC hairnet architecture, inshealthing the MZ, constitutes a filtering device that capture and concentrates protein antigens in a glycan-dependent manner from solution and catalyzes their delivery to B cells follicle to initiate humoral immune responses.
Reenacting Shakespeare in the Shakespeare Aftermath

This chapter summarizes the book’s eight chapters and outlines its rationale, premises, and preferred terminology. Aftermath is construed here as a performative space and condition of awareness wherein all things Shakespearean are available for reassembly and reenactment. Reenactment signifies both an undoing and a redoing, above all a doing differently of what continues to be enacted as the same. This transformational approach to models of the past is rooted in the modernist avant-garde and is carried forward by theater artists and filmmakers whose work this book assesses and explores. The chapter concludes with case studies of the richly textualized stagings of Hamlet Joyce transacts in two episodes of Ulysses and of Asta Nielsen’s cross-gendered displacement of canonical Shakespeare in her silent film Hamlet.
State Succession and the International Financial Institutions: Political Criteria or Sound Management?

The International Monetary Fund and World Bank faced many difficult questions as a result of the break-up of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. They were required to balance the competing influences of the political interests of their members with their need to protect themselves from default on the outstanding loan obligations of the former Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. This article examines how the International Monetary Fund and World Bank answered the questions of State succession by balancing these competing interests and navigating through the complex law of State succession to arrive at a new precedent for the “conditional succession” of member States. This article also identifies the dangers involved in the adoption of this new conditional succession approach.