cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are College Faculty and First-Generation, Low-Income Students Ready for Each Other?:

Utilizing current research on college readiness as well as the role of cultural agents as a conceptual framework, this qualitative study investigates student and faculty beliefs about readiness and the pedagogical practices that allow instructors to effectively serve as cultural agents for first-generation, low-income students. Three major findings that emerged from the study are as follows: (a) faculty beliefs about student readiness impact the degree to which faculty serve as cultural agents for FGLI students, (b) faculty who serve as cultural agents enact particular practices and dispositions that enable students to become more academically prepared, and (c) FGLI students arrive at college with diverse forms of readiness that require varying forms of nurturing and support. A key implication of the study is that colleges should bear a greater responsibility in supporting faculty and other campus cultural agents in nurturing the success of FGLI students.
Socio-Economic Implications of Drought in the Agricultural Sector and the State Economy

In 2011, the most severe drought in Texas history caused $7.62 billion in losses in the agricultural sector alone. This paper analyzes ripple effects of the 2011 drought in Texas agriculture on the entire state economy retrospectively in an effort to foster discussion on targeted mitigation measures in the long term. By using an Input-Output and social accounting matrix model, direct effects on livestock, cotton, sorghum, wheat, corn, hay, and timber production, as well as indirect effects on other related sectors, and finally induced effects from changing consumers behavior have been estimated. According to the results, the 2011 drought caused economic losses of $16.9 billion in the entire Texas economy and increased the unemployment by around 166,895 people. The agricultural sector alone lost around 106,000 jobs. The cotton farming experienced 91% of revenue losses (as compared to 2010), while the livestock production lost 32% in revenue. The decreased production yields and limited market supply directly influence market prices for those products, which might create additional spillover effects on export and import quantities. The presented analysis can be helpful for designing policies to launch mitigation programs for drought events in the future.
Data-Driven Feedback Beyond Next-Step Hints

Intelligent tutors have been shown to be as e↵ective as human tutors in supporting learning in many domains. Although they can be very e↵ective, the construction of intelligent tutors can be costly. One way to address this problem is to use previously collected data to generate domain models to provide intelligent feedback to otherwise non-personalized tutors. These data-driven methods for providing next-step hints have been successful in providing feedback to students in procedural problem solving tutors. We seek to expand on next-step hints with other data-driven methods. We outline three di↵erent interventions, all of which can be generated using previously collected student data.
274. One-Step Generation of Universal CAR T Cells

Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown remarkable clinical results in the treatment of leukemia and is one of the most promising new strategies to treat cancer. Current clinical protocols utilize autologous T cells that are collected by apheresis and engineered with retroviral vectors to stably express the CAR. This approach therefore requires patient-specific cell manufacturing, which unavoidably results in patient-to-patient variability in the final cell product. Widespread implementation of this approach will further require progress in automation and miniaturization of cell manufacturing to meet the demand for CAR T cells. Furthermore, current approaches utilize randomly integrating vectors, including gamma-retroviral, lentiviral and transposons, which all result in semi-random integration and variable expression of the CAR owing to transgene variegation. Position effects may result in heterogeneous T cell function, transgene silencing and, potentially, insertional oncogenesis. Thus, the conjunction of autologous cell sourcing and random vector integration is prone to generating cell products with variable potency. Here we utilize gene editing to generate histocompatible T cell products with consistent and homogeneous CAR expression. Different tailored nucleases, including CRISPR/Cas9 system, Zinc Finger Nucleases or TAL effector nucleases (TALENs), have been previously used for gene disruption in a wide range of human cells including primary T cells. In some instances, these nucleases have been used to generate so-called “universal T cells” for allogeneic administration, by disrupting T cell receptor (TCR) or HLA class I expression, but viral vectors or the sleeping beauty transposon were used to deliver the CAR cDNA, all of which result in semi-random transgene integration and its downstream consequences. We present here a novel strategy for one-step generation of universal CAR T cells. We first compared the efficiency of TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 to promote homologous recombination using AAV6 donor template in T cells and established conditions yielding more than 50% of universal CAR T cells combining target gene disruption and CAR insertion in a single single step. We molecularly confirmed the targeted integration of the CAR transgene, which results in highly homogeneous and stable CAR expression in human peripheral blood T cells. These T cells exhibited the same in vitro tumor lysis activity and proliferation than retrovirally transduced CAR T cells, which augur favorably for their in vivo anti-tumor activity. Deep sequencing analyses to evaluate off-target effects of the nucleases and random AAV integration are in progress, as are in vivo experiments comparing the anti-tumor activity and graft-versus-host disease potential of edited T cells vs conventional CAR T cells. The process we describe here, which combines the scalability of universal T cell manufacturing with the uniformity and safety of targeted CAR gene integration, should be useful for the development of off-the-shelf CAR therapy.
Correctness in multi-user hierarchically structured information systems.

state Data Base State S Figure 3.25. Conceptual relationship between data base operations and the semantic procedures. In our work, we view consistency somewhat differently. Let H be a process at level i. H is constructed of operations which operate on the information structures. The effect of these operations is well defined in the definitional language. As a result of refinement and the generation of the new level i+1, we divide the information structures into two parts, the abstract part and the real part. The abstract part of the structures is that portion of the structures which is refined and operated on by level i+1 or lower. The real part is that portion not refined. For example, assume that Figure 3.26 gives a logical structure used in level i and Figure 3.27 gives a refined structure used to support level i, then Figure 3.28 gives the abstract and real parts of the level i structures.
Caroline Norton (1808–1877): The Injured Wife, Scandal, and the Politics of Feminist Memory

Caroline Norton, the beautiful but scandal-scarred authoress, used her story as an injured wife to further her political goals. Conflicts over the identity she created for this purpose have shaped the depiction of her life ever since. The biographical endeavor by feminists to memorialize the pioneers of feminist advocacy have always expressed ambivalence about whether or not Norton should be included in this pantheon. The four major biographies of Caroline Norton have all appealed to a popular readership and emphasized Norton’s status as a society beauty compromised by scandal. This chapter demonstrates how the recent resurgence of literary interest in Norton’s fiction and poetry has finally begun to treat Norton’s career with the seriousness that her achievements and her authorial professionalism calls for.
Multifaceted functional implications of an endogenously expressed tRNA fragment in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of human arboviral diseases caused by dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Many studies have shown the potential roles of small RNA molecules such as microRNA, small interfering RNA and PIWI-interacting RNA in vector mosquitoes. The function of tRNA fragments (tRF), the newly discovered class of small RNAs, in mosquitoes is not known. In this study, we show that specific tRFs are expressed in significantly differential manner between males and females of Ae. aegypti strains. Specific tRFs also show differential response during developmental transition from larvae to adults, as well as after blood feeding of adult females. The expression pattern of tRFs upon blood feeding varied depending upon if the blood contained dengue virus, and also if the females were treated with antibiotic prior to feeding to cleanse of the gut bacteria. Our findings show that a single tRF derived from the precursor sequences of a tRNA-Gly was differentially expressed between males and females, developmental transitions and also upon blood feeding by females of two laboratory strains that vary in midgut susceptibility to dengue virus infection. The multifaceted functional implications of this specific tRF suggest that biogenesis of small regulatory molecules from a tRNA can have wide ranging effects on key aspects of Ae. aegypti vector biology.
Pregnancy, Birth, and Babies: Motherhood and Modernization in a Yucatec Village

We examine the medicalization of birth in a Mexican Yucatec Maya farming community over the past 65 years. Our findings are drawn from longitudinal demographic data collection (1992–2014) and 56 maternal ethnographic interviews. We describe and contrast the maternal experience of three cohorts of women whose reproductive careers transpired in the context of energetic and epidemiologic transitions: Cohort 1 women had their first birth from 1950 to 1977, under conditions of traditional midwifery, subsistence farming, and energetic stress; Cohort 2 women had their first birth from 1978 to 1999; a time of energetic transition as laborsaving technology and some medical care was introduced; and Cohort 3 women had their first birth from 2000 to 2014, a period of increasing modernization and epidemiologic transition. Hospital births have become increasingly common since the late 1990s and are associated with increased birth complications, medical interventions, nonelective cesarean section procedures, postpartum rest periods, and increased formula feeding, as well as decreased maternal intrapartum support. Still many Maya mothers retain several traditional practices; some visit the traditional birth attendant (midwife) for prenatal and postnatal care, and prolonged and intensive breastfeeding is still the norm. Infant mortality rates from Cohort 3 are higher than Mexico’s national average, but in Cohorts 1 and 2, they were lower than Mexico’s national average. A number of unique factors may have contributed to the maintenance of low maternal-infant mortality in this community, even in times of energetic stress and when biomedical care was lacking. These include the effective Maya midwifery system, intensive breastfeeding practices, and a sanitary water supply.
BALANCING ELDER CARE RESPONSIBILITIES AND WORK: THE IMPACT ON EMOTIONAL HEALTH

The current study investigated the effects of balancing elder care and work on emotional health. Responses from 43 retired caregivers, 211 not retired caregivers, 49 retired non-caregivers, and 224 not retired non-caregivers, who had participated in the national Health and Retirement Study, served as the data base. Results indicate that Caregiver Status (Caregiver vs. Non-caregiver) and Retirement Status (Retired vs. Not Retired) interact, depending on the measure of emotional health. The relationship between the number of depression symptoms reported and Caregiver Status depended on whether the respondent was also retired or employed; a significant interaction was not found when emotional health was measured with one overall item. A significant difference was not found between employed caregivers and employed non-caregivers, in terms of emotional health. Employed caregivers who gave more caregiving hours did report poorer emotional health than employed caregivers who gave fewer hours. Female caregivers reported more depression symptoms than male caregivers. The results suggest that employers may need to develop interventions which may help caregivers who are highly involved with caregiving responsibilities.
ATP bioluminescence assay for estimation of microbial populations of fresh-cut melon.

Estimation of microbial numbers in foods by conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster methods that can give results in minutes. Research was undertaken to investigate the use of bioluminescent ATP determination and a firefly luciferase assay to estimate the initial population of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut melons immediately after preparation and during storage at 5 or 15°C for up to 12 days. Populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on fresh-cut cantaloupe prepared immediately from unsanitized whole melons averaged 3.42 log CFU/g, corresponding to an ATP value of 5.40 log fg/g. Populations for fresh-cut honeydew prepared from unsanitized whole melon averaged 1.97 log CFU/g, corresponding an ATP value of 3.94 log fg/g. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from cantaloupe or honeydew melons sanitized with either chlorine (200 ppm free chlorine) or hydrogen peroxide (2.5%) had similar ATP values: 3.1 log fg/g (corresponding to bacterial counts 1.7 log CFU/g) for ca...
BOLD hemodynamic response function changes significantly with healthy aging

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to infer age-differences in neural activity from the hemodynamic response function (HRF) that characterizes the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal over time. BOLD literature in healthy aging lacks consensus in age-related HRF changes, the nature of those changes, and their implications for measurement of age differences in brain function. Between-study discrepancies could be due to small sample sizes, analysis techniques, and/or physiologic mechanisms. We hypothesize that, with large sample sizes and minimal analysis assumptions, age-related changes in HRF parameters could reflect alterations in one or more components of the neural-vascular coupling system. To assess HRF changes in healthy aging, we analyzed the large population-derived dataset from the Cambridge Center for Aging and Neuroscience (CamCAN) study (Shafto et al., 2014). During scanning, 74 younger (18–30 years of age) and 173 older participants (54–74 years of age) viewed two checkerboards to the left and right of a central fixation point, simultaneously heard a binaural tone, and responded via right index finger button-press. To assess differences in the shape of the HRF between younger and older groups, HRFs were estimated using FMRIB's Linear Optimal Basis Sets (FLOBS) to minimize a priori shape assumptions. Group mean HRFs were different between younger and older groups in auditory, visual, and motor cortices. Specifically, we observed increased time-to-peak and decreased peak amplitude in older compared to younger adults in auditory, visual, and motor cortices. Changes in the shape and timing of the HRF in healthy aging, in the absence of performance differences, support our hypothesis of age-related changes in the neural-vascular coupling system beyond neural activity alone. More precise interpretations of HRF age-differences can be formulated once these physiologic factors are disentangled and measured separately.
Semiclassical wave packet dynamics in nonuniform electric fields

We study the semiclassical theory of wave packet dynamics in crystalline solids extended to include the effects of a nonuniform electric field. In particular, we derive a correction to the semiclassical equations of motion (EOMs) for the dynamics of the wave packet center that depends on the gradient of the electric field and on the quantum metric (also called the Fubini-Study, Bures, or Bloch metric) on the Brillouin zone. We show that the physical origin of this term is a contribution to the total energy of the wave packet that depends on its electric quadrupole moment and on the electric-field gradient. We also derive an equation relating the electric quadrupole moment of a sharply peaked wave packet to the quantum metric evaluated at the wave packet center in reciprocal space. Finally, we explore the physical consequences of this correction to the semiclassical EOMs. We show that in a metal with broken time-reversal and inversion symmetry, an electric-field gradient can generate a longitudinal current which is linear in the electric-field gradient, and which depends on the quantum metric at the Fermi surface. We then give two examples of concrete lattice models in which this effect occurs. Our results show that nonuniform electric fields can be used to probe the quantum geometry of the electronic bands in metals and open the door to further studies of the effects of nonuniform electric fields in solids.
Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mg-Nd-Y High Strength Magnesium Alloy Using Organic Inhibitor

A study on corrosion inhibition mechanism has been performed on rare earth containing WE43 magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl containing 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ). After an initial increase in corrosion rate due to the formation of sparingly soluble MgQ2 complex, it was found to decrease owing to inhibition effect of the complex. Scanning electrochemical microscopic analysis showed a decrease in corrosion currents and enhanced resistance to pitting corrosion was observed for WE43 samples in the presence of HQ after an exposure of 48 h. With time, the MgQ2 thus generated formed a protective layer on the Mg alloy surface to prevent further corrosion. The corrosion rate of WE43 samples decreased by ~ 50% in HQ containing medium after a constant exposure of 28 days (from ~ 0.22 mg/cm2 day in no HQ to ~ 0.11 mg/cm2 day in HQ). For the WE43 samples in the presence of HQ, formation of MgO and MgQ2 was detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Shallower and smaller pits appeared on the magnesium alloy with HQ in the solution as compared to deeper and larger pits on the samples with no HQ in the solution. The significance of metal-complexing organic agent, hydroxyquinoline, in initial acceleration and subsequent prevention of Mg corrosion via protective MgQ2 complex layer formation is demonstrated.
Biomimetic non-uniform nanostructures reduce broadband reflectivity in transparent substrates

The remarkable broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflectivity observed in the glasswing butterfly arises from the random array of nanopillars present on their wings. In the present study, analogous structures have been replicated on transparent substrates using a scalable, low-cost method that exploits surface dewetting of silver thin films on silica substrates to form an etch mask. Directional etching was applied with high selectivity between Ag and SiO2 using CHF3, allowing large aspect ratios to be achieved with 20 min etches. Single-sided nanostructuring of glass by this method improved the transmission of light by 2–8% for viewing angles of 25°, 45°, and 65°.
Potential energy and climate benefits of super-cool materials as a rooftop strategy

Abstract For decades, reflective rooftops have been used and advocated as cost-effective measures to mitigate the urban heat and reduce building cooling loads. However, their effectiveness has always been limited by shortwave reflectivity and long-wave emissivity of commercially available technologies. Recent advances in coating materials with engineered spectral properties have resulted in inexpensive “super-cool” technologies that can be applied to most surfaces and have albedo and emissivity values greater than 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. This study is an effort to quantify the potential benefits of applying the newly developed materials on building rooftops. To do so, we conducted whole-building energy simulations of archetypical residential and commercial buildings to calculate rooftop surface temperature, sensible heat flux to the ambient, cooling energy saving, and heating energy penalty in 8 U.S. cities with urban heat mitigation plans that include use of high albedo materials. Our results suggest that in all climates, the surface temperature of the super-cool rooftop remains below the ambient air temperature throughout the year, resulting in a negative average daily sensible heat flux of 30–40 W.m−2. In addition, we found that the new technology can double the cooling energy saving (and heating energy penalty) compared to typical white roofs.
California Districts and Schools Underutilize Websites to Demonstrate Compliance to a Physical Education Lawsuit.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Quality physical education (PE) reaches many objectives (e.g., knowledge, physical fitness, and physical skills) and could provide at least half the dose of recommended daily physi...
Rational points on K3 surfaces and derived equivalence

We study K3 surfaces over non-closed fields and relate the notion of derived equivalence to arithmetic problems.
Construction of Random Sequences

There are situations in which it is natural to construct probability spaces by first specifying certain conditional distributions and then showing that there is a unique underlying (unconditional) distribution consistent with those specifications. The tool for doing this is Theorem 3. Several specific examples are included along with three general classes of examples: exchangeable sequences, Markov sequences, and Polya urns.
The Impact of Pharmacist-delivered Motivational Interviewing on Chronic Kidney Disease Identification and Management in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Low Socioeconomic Status.

Purpose: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, noncompliance with the recommended annual screening is common. Increased screening among high-risk patients is important to identify the early stages CKD, potentially resulting in earlier treatment, slower progression, fewer complications, and decreased healthcare expenditures. Motivational interviewing (MI) has previously been shown to be effective for various behaviors, such as smoking cessation and cholesterol level control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-delivered MI compared to typical education (TE) methods in increasing CKD screening and subsequent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) initiation in high-risk patient populations. Methods: Pharmacists screened diabetic patients within their chronic disease management clinic to identify patients that are at high-risk for CKD, indicated by a score of 4 or greater on the validated SCORED screening tool. High-risk patients were randomized to one of four groups to receive either one or two face-to-face education sessions from a pharmacist or student pharmacist using either MI or TE methods. Patients were then given the option to have their urine tested with a dipstick to detect albumin and creatinine, provided at no cost. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of urinary albumin testing, and the secondary outcome was to determine the rate of ACE-I or ARB initiation in patients found to have albuminuria. Results: There were no significant differences in the rates of urinary albumin screening (87% in TE vs. 100% in MI, P = 0.4828) or subsequent ACE-I/ARB initiation (100% in TE and 50% in MI, P = 1.000) between education groups. Of the high-risk patients who underwent urinary albumin screening, 54% (n=15) were found to have proteinuria Conclusions: While it appears that MI does not impact patient acceptance rates of microalbuminuria screening and ACE-I/ARB initiation, this study demonstrates the feasibility of pharmacist-delivered microalbuminuria screening in patients at high-risk for CKD in the outpatient setting. Article Type: Practice-Based Research
The benefits of marine omega-3s for preventing arrhythmias

Omega-3s have been theorised to increase membrane fluidity by reducing compression of the acyl chains of membrane phospholipid fatty acids, which can lead to a reduction in the ‘spring-like’ tension on membrane ion channels. This spring-like tension can reduce the ability of ions to freely move in and out of the ion channel and hence reduce its conductance. This is known as the ‘Andersen membrane spring-like tension hypothesis’ and is just one way marine omega-3s may prevent arrhythmias.1 This theory states that the phospholipid cell membrane curves near the ion protein channel in order for the hydrophobic domains of the cell membrane to match up. The hydrophobic length of ion channel proteins is slightly less than the hydrophobic length of the acyl chains in the phospholipid bilayer, which causes a slight bend in the membrane, and this bend compresses the ion channel decreasing the space that ions can freely move in and out of the channel. However, supplementing with fish oil can prevent or reduce this compression increasing the movement of ions in and out of the channel.1 Other antiarrhythmic benefits of omega-3s include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)’s ability to be a competitive substrate for the enzymes that metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) to proinflammatory eicosanoids, which is partly how marine omega-3s reduce inflammation.2 EPA metabolites are also antiarrhythmic, whereas almost all metabolites from AA (and linoleic acid) are proarrhythmic.3 Dietary omega-3s are mainly consumed as triglycerides, which are absorbed as free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These fats then get rapidly resynthesised in the intestine and liver back to triglycerides with subsequent integration into chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL can actually deliver omega-3s to tissues via LDL receptors). The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can also be liberated from lipoproteins via lipoprotein and hepatic …
Endocrine Effects of Cytokines During Severe Infection

There are complex dynamics involving the endocrine and immune system. Cytokines are a key component of the immune system response to infection. The hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) and the hypothalamus-anterior pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis have significant dynamics with cytokines. In this paper there is a discussion on the background on the physiology of cytokines affects on the adrenal hormones and glands and on the reproductive hormones and glands. Pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling are important to understanding HPA and HPG axis responses to infection. In the second section of this research paper, effects of severe infection on production of cytokines are explored with a discussion on the negative feedback of cortisol on the production of cytokines, hence methods of treating sepsis to improve positive outcomes. The next section involved effects of cytokines during severe inflection on the adrenal axis and the reproductive axis with an interesting discussion on fertility issues with severe infection. In the last section, potential manipulations of cytokines for therapies for sepsis are investigated relating to adrenal dysfunction, neonatal sepsis and treatment for improved outcomes of critically ill patients with severe infection.
Nanoparticle size and natural organic matter composition determine aggregation behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated platinum nanoparticles

Engineered nanoparticle (NP) size and natural organic matter (NOM) composition play important roles in determining NP environmental behaviors. The aim of this work was to investigate how NP size and NOM composition influence the colloidal stability of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated platinum engineered nanoparticles (PVP-PtNPs). We evaluated PVP-PtNP aggregation as a function of the NP size (20, 30, 50, 75, and 95 nm, denoted as PVP-PtNP20–95) in moderately hard water (MHW). Further, we quantified the effect of the hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) fraction of NOM on the aggregation of PVP-PtNP20 and PVP-PtNP95 using 6 NOM samples from various surface waters, representing a range of NOM compositions and properties. NOM samples were characterized for bulk elemental composition (e.g., C, H, O, N, and S), specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), and molecular level composition (e.g., compound classes) using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) was employed to monitor the aggregation of PVP-PtNPs at 1 μg PVP-PtNP per L and 1 mg NOM per L concentrations. PVP-PtNP aggregate size increased with decreasing primary PVP-PtNP size, likely due to the lower zeta potential, the higher number concentration, and the higher specific surface area of smaller NPs compared to larger NPs at the same mass concentration. No aggregation was observed for PVP-PtNP95 in MHW in the presence and absence of the different NOM samples. PVP-PtNP20 formed aggregates in MHW in the presence and absence of the six NOM samples, and aggregate size increased in the presence of NOM likely due to interparticle bridging of NOM-coated PVP-PtNPs by divalent counterions. PVP-PtNP20 aggregate size increased with the increase in NOM elemental ratio of H to C and the relative abundance of lignin-like/carboxyl rich-alicyclic molecules (CRAM)-like compounds. However, the aggregate size of PVP-PtNP20 decreased with the increase in NOM molecular weight, NOM SUVA254, elemental ratio of O to C, and the relative abundance of condensed hydrocarbons and tannin-like compounds. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the composition and sources of NOM are key factors that contribute to the stability of PVP-PtNPs in the aquatic environment.
Cheating Death: A Statistical Survival Analysis of Publicly Available Python Projects

We apply survival analysis methods to a dataset of publicly-available software projects in order to examine the attributes that might lead to their inactivity over time. We ran a Kaplan-Meier analysis and fit a Cox Proportional-Hazards model to a subset of Software Heritage Graph Dataset, consisting of 3052 popular Python projects hosted on GitLab/GitHub, Debian, and PyPI, over a period of 165 months. We show that projects with repositories on multiple hosting services, a timeline of publishing major releases, and a good network of developers, remain healthy over time and should be worthy of the effort put in by developers and contributors.
Thermal Properties of Bayfol® HX200 Photopolymer

Bayfol® HX200 photopolymer is a holographic recording material used in a variety of applications such as a holographic combiner for a heads-up display and augmented reality, dispersive grating for spectrometers, and notch filters for Raman spectroscopy. For these systems, the thermal properties of the holographic material are extremely important to consider since temperature can affect the diffraction efficiency of the hologram as well as its spectral bandwidth and diffraction angle. These thermal variations are a consequence of the distance and geometry change of the diffraction Bragg planes recorded inside the material. Because temperatures can vary by a large margin in industrial applications (e.g., automotive industry standards require withstanding temperature up to 125°C), it is also essential to know at which temperature the material starts to be affected by permanent damage if the temperature is raised too high. Using thermogravimetric analysis, as well as spectral measurement on samples with and without hologram, we measured that the Bayfol® HX200 material does not suffer from any permanent thermal degradation below 160°C. From that point, a further increase in temperature induces a decrease in transmission throughout the entire visible region of the spectrum, leading to a reduced transmission for an original 82% down to 27% (including Fresnel reflection). We measured the refractive index change over the temperature range from 24°C to 100°C. Linear interpolation give a slope 4.5×10−4K−1 for unexposed film, with the extrapolated refractive index at 0°C equal to n0=1.51. This refractive index change decreases to 3×10−4K−1 when the material is fully cured with UV light, with a 0°C refractive index equal to n0=1.495. Spectral properties of a reflection hologram recorded at 532 nm was measured from 23°C to 171°C. A consistent 10 nm spectral shift increase was observed for the diffraction peak wavelength when the temperature reaches 171°C. From these spectral measurements, we calculated a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 384×10−6K−1 by using the coupled wave theory in order to determine the increase of the Bragg plane spacing with temperature.
Racial Capitalism and Racial Intimacies: Post-Emancipation British Guiana in David Dabydeen’s The Counting House

Racial capitalism is, among other things, a “technology of antirelationality”, one that reduces collective life to a set of relations that benefits neoliberal capitalism (Melamed, 2015). Colonial c...
Modeling Uncertainty in Multi-Modal Fusion for Lung Cancer Survival Analysis

Fusion of multimodal data is important for disease understanding. In this paper, we propose a new method of fusion exploiting the uncertainty in prediction produced by the individual modality learners. Specifically, we extend the joint label fusion method by taking model uncertainty into account when estimating correlations among predictions produced by different modalities. Through experimental study in survival prediction for non-small cell lung cancer patients who received surgical resection, we demonstrated promising performance produced by the proposed method.
Sensing the human: biometric surveillance and the Japanese technology industry:

This article examines the Japanese biometrics industry and its discourse, with a focus on the language of biometric ‘sensing’ that has shaped its development over the past two decades. Rooted in th...
Building and Sustaining School Leadership Capacity

This chapter presents our approach to building and sustaining leadership capacity with attention to three areas: (1) personal capacity and commitment to growth; (2) interactions and interpersonal capacity grounded in a culture of trust, collective responsibility and appreciation of diversity, and (3) organizational capacity in high functioning teams that take responsibility for a child-centered vision and help diffuse that vision throughout the school. Leadership in high capacity schools incorporates both formal and informal leadership capacities (Mitchell and Sackney, 2009). Team leadership is essential for building and sustaining leadership capacity in a shared direction for continous school development and diffusion of educational improvements throughout the school. As formal leaders leave to take on new positions in the district or elsewhere, the shared direction and culture of continous improvement helps to sustain progress. In this chapter, we discuss our experiences with building and sustaining leadership capacity in teams that work to develop and diffuse a shared direction for continuous school development. We begin with a discussion of the research-based content from ISSPP and other studies that informed our project. The balance of the chapter presents application in our research-practice approach in the Arizona project (AZILDR) as well as lessons learned with case examples.
Targeting ischemia-induced KCC2 hypofunction rescues refractory neonatal seizures and mitigates epileptogenesis in a mouse model.

Neonatal seizures pose a clinical challenge in their early detection, acute management, and long-term comorbidities. They are often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and are frequently refr...
IT Penetration in the Government Workforce: A Resource-based Analysis Comparing the Fifty U.S. State Governments

Information technology (IT) penetration in the workforce is an important measure of the extent of IT or e-Government 1 adoption in government organizations. Different state governments in the United States (U.S.) have achieved different levels of workforce IT penetration. This paper seeks to examine whether these differences may be explained as a result of disparities amongst state governments in the distribution of certain resources that enable workforce IT penetration. This research finds that disparities in the distribution and deployment of two key enabling resources, namely IT management capability and IT budget size, do not account for differences in workforce IT penetration. Some secondary contributions of this study are: it categorizes the fifty U.S. state governments according to 1) their relative positions along two dimensions of workforce IT penetration, and 2) relative levels of the two enabling resources mentioned above.
Enhancing protein disulfide bond cleavage by UV excitation and electron capture dissociation for top-down mass spectrometry

The application of ion pre-activation with 266 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation combined with electron capture dissociation (ECD) is demonstrated to enhance top-down mass spectrometry sequence coverage of disulfide bond containing proteins. UV-based activation can homolytically cleave a disulfide bond to yield two separated thiol radicals. Activated ECD experiments of insulin and ribonuclease A containing three and four disulfide bonds, respectively, were performed. UV-activation in combination with ECD allowed the three disulfide bonds of insulin to be cleaved and the overall sequence coverage to be increased. For the larger sized ribonuclease A with four disulfide bonds, irradiation from an infrared laser (10.6 µm) to disrupt non-covalent interactions was combined with UV-activation to facilitate the cleavage of up to three disulfide bonds. Preferences for disulfide bond cleavage are dependent on protein structure and sequence. Disulfide bonds can reform if the generated radicals remain in close proximity. By varying the time delay between the UV-activation and the ECD events, it was determined that disulfide bonds reform within 10-100 msec after their UV-homolytic cleavage.
Mandatory HIV testing of newborns in New York State: what are the implications?

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of a public health law (Ma-ternal-Pediatric HIV Prevention and Care Program) enacted by New York State in 1997 and how it strives to reduce the vertical transmission of AIDS. This policy is twofold. First, it strongly encourages voluntary HIV testing of all pregnant women. Secondly, it mandates HIV testing for all newborns. Those found to be positive are referred for medical care. This paper analyzes the State's implementation of this law to determine if it will: exert control over poor, mostly minority women; provide health care for infected woman and infants; protect public health; prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS; or sacrifice a woman's privacy. The potential benefits and shortfalls of this policy are discussed as other states may consider adopting similar legislation.
Three Cultural Boundaries of Science, Institutions, and Public Policy: A Theory of Co-Production

In Cultural Boundaries of Science (1999), Thomas Gieryn provides many examples of the ways in which the boundaries among science, institutions, and public policy are culturally constructed. But, because he uses a “thickly described” atheoretical account of culture, Gieryn is not able to identify different kinds of cultural boundaries of science nor can he explain why these boundaries are constructed when and where they are. This paper uses Sheila Jasanoff’s concept of co-production and Mary Douglas’s cultural theory to identify four recurring states of knowledge, specifying political cultural conditions for the co-production of science, institutions, and public policy and the co-production of scientific, cultural, institutional, and policy change. Then, re-casting Douglas’s cultural theory as a theory involving three critical social and institutional boundaries – demarcating collectives, divisions within hierarchical organizations, and the personal space of individuals – this paper shows how members of political subcultures use pollution and purity claims to align themselves and the domain of science with scientists whose constructs of nature are functional for their preferred social and institutional relations, while excluding scientists from subcultures and from the domain of science whose constructs are not functional for those relations. The plausibility of this theory is illustrated with examples from the cultural co-production of the boundaries of science surrounding forest and wildlife science and management in the Pacific Northwest.
Peer teaching in gross anatomy: reducing contact hours while maintaining student learning (721.12)

In an effort to reduce course contact hours in Gross Anatomy Lab at Indiana University Bloomington, students now dissect in every other lab and peer teaching is used to ensure all students are familiar the entire dissection. In traditional dissections, students were present for every dissection. This study examines the peer teaching process to determine if it is as effective or more effective for student learning as traditional lab dissection. Interviews were conducted with individuals (i.e. instructors and select students) who have experienced both peer teaching and traditional dissection in lab. Interviews revealed both advantages and disadvantages to the use of peer teaching in lab; however, instructors and students indicated an overall preference for peer teaching. Additionally, a survey was completed by current medical students examining their perceptions of peer teaching. Inclusion of peer teaching has had positive benefits in the gross anatomy lab, but additional research concerning best peer teach...
Wound healing and regenerative strategies.

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 541–549 Wound healing is a complex biological process that affects multiple tissue types. Wounds in the oral cavity are particularly challenging given the variety of tissue types that exist in close proximity to one another. The goal of regenerative medicine is to facilitate the rapid replacement of lost or damaged tissue with tissue that is functional, and physiologically similar to what previously existed. This review provides a general overview of wound healing and regenerative medicine, focusing specifically on how recent advances in the fields of stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and oral disease could translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Diagnostic yield of head computed tomography for the hospitalized medical patient with delirium.

BACKGROUND Delirium is common in hospitalized patients and warrants early diagnosis and treatment. Often the evaluation of delirium includes head computed tomography imaging. However, in hospitalized medical patients, the yield of head computed tomography is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic yield of head computed tomography when evaluating a hospitalized medical patient with delirium in the absence of a recent fall, head trauma, or new neurologic deficit. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective medical record review at a large academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS We reviewed all medical records for head computed tomography scans performed from January 2010 through November 2012 in patients on the general medicine or medical subspecialties units. MAIN OUTCOMES A “positive” head computed tomography was defined as an intracranial process that could explain delirium. An “equivocal” head computed tomography was defined as the presence of a finding of unclear significance in relation to delirium. RESULTS There were 398 patients hospitalized for >24 hours who underwent head computed tomography for delirium. Two hundred twenty head computed tomography studies met eligibility criteria, with 6 (2.7%) positive and 4 (1.8%) equivocal results. All positive and equivocal findings resulted in change in management. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic yield of head computed tomography in determining the cause of delirium in hospitalized patients is low. Due to the low rate of positive findings, head imaging is unnecessary in the majority of cases of delirium. However, there may be a subset of high-risk individuals in which head imaging is indicated. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:497–501. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Diffraction-Limited Holography

Experimental determinations of the size of the Airy disk for real image reconstructions of holograms of limited extent have yielded values comparable with those given by diffraction limitation. The holograms used are transmission, side-band holograms of low carrier frequency and are constructed in the far field of the object (~3-μm extent). In reconstruction, the real image is focused, with unit magnification, onto a rotating ground-glass plate and viewed through a microscope with 400× magnification. Comparisons of the reconstructed image with the actual object are made for holographic speeds ranging from f/10 to f/2 using visual, photographic, and photoelectric recordings. Photographic resolution tests, using standard bar patterns, yield a value of 1.05 for the ratio of the observed radius of the Airy disk to that corresponding to diffraction limitation. These tests are in disagreement with photoelectric measurements, the discrepancy being quantitatively ascribable to contrast enhancement in the film.
Scaling behaviors of α-zein in acetic acid solutions.

Whether the concentration scaling behavior of a protein solution is similar to that of neutral polymer solutions, polyelectrolyte solutions, or neither still remains unclear. In this paper, the structure and rheological properties of α-zein in acetic acid solutions have been investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), rheology, and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Through the investigation of the radii of gyration, the secondary structure, and the solution viscosities of α-zein in acetic acid solutions as a function of α-zein concentration, we observed two distinct scaling regions with an identical threshold. This critical concentration is close to the bulk density of the α-zein in very dilute solution. The scaling relationships are close to the theoretical predictions for polyelectrolyte solutions, but obvious discrepancies still exist. The phenomena presented here may be widely present in other protein solutions, which can stimulate more attentions on the understanding of the scaling behav...
Evidence for a role of endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of acute and tonic pain sensitivity

The competitive CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A was used to test the hypothesis that endogenous cannabinoids modulate tonic pain sensitivity. Pretreatment with the antagonist significantly enhanced the response to a chemical nociceptive stimulus in the formalin test. Postreatment with the antagonist 5 min following the induction of tonic pain produced hyperalgesia during the tonic phase only. These findings suggest that endogenous cannabinoids serve naturally to modulate the maintenance of pain following repeated noxious stimulation.