cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OFF THE WASIIINGTON AND OREGON COASTS

The distribution of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton productivity off the Washington and Oregon coasts has been observed during 14 cruises of the RV Brown Bear from January 1961 to June 1962. Surface waters in the area covered by the Columbia River effluent generally contained more phytoplankton and had a higher rate of photosynthesis than ambient waters. The densest and most variable populations were found during summer in coastal upwelling areas and directly off the river mouth. Although there was little seasonal change in standing stock, production was quite variable, with minima in winter and summer, a large spring bloom, and a smaller autumn pulse. The major influence of Columbia River water on phytoplankton production appeared to be in the timing of events in the seasonal cycle. Phytoplankton development was noticeably affected by differences in the depth of the mixed layer and the sharp pycnocline during summer. However, total annual production both inside and outside the plume was similar (60 g C m−2a yr−1) . The nutrients introduced by river water appeared to be spent in high-production areas immediately off the mouth of the river. The seasonal variation of C14 uptake-chlorophyll a ratios was marked. Low values occurred during winter, and a maximum occurred during the spring bloom. “Dead” or inactive chlorophyll appeared to be negligible at all times, judging from regressions of these relationships.
A Male-Specific Genetic Map of the Microcrustacean Daphnia pulex Based on Single-Sperm Whole-Genome Sequencing

Genetic linkage maps are critical for assembling draft genomes to a meaningful chromosome level and for deciphering the genomic underpinnings of biological traits. The estimates of recombination rates derived from genetic maps also play an important role in understanding multiple aspects of genomic evolution such as nucleotide substitution patterns and accumulation of deleterious mutations. In this study, we developed a high-throughput experimental approach that combines fluorescence-activated cell sorting, whole-genome amplification, and short-read sequencing to construct a genetic map using single-sperm cells. Furthermore, a computational algorithm was developed to analyze single-sperm whole-genome sequencing data for map construction. These methods allowed us to rapidly build a male-specific genetic map for the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which shows significant improvements compared to a previous map. With a total of mapped 1672 haplotype blocks and an average intermarker distance of 0.87 cM, this map spans a total genetic distance of 1451 Kosambi cM and comprises 90% of the resolved regions in the current Daphnia reference assembly. The map also reveals the mistaken mapping of seven scaffolds in the reference assembly onto chromosome II by a previous microsatellite map based on F2 crosses. Our approach can be easily applied to many other organisms and holds great promise for unveiling the intragenomic and intraspecific variation in the recombination rates.
Genetic Applications of an Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction

A method is presented for the rapid in vitro amplification of DNA sequences that flank a region of known sequence. The method uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but it has the primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual orientation. The template for the reverse primers is a restriction fragment that has been ligated upon itself to form a circle. This procedure of inverse PCR (IPCR) has many applications in molecular genetics, for example, the amplification and identification of sequences flanking transposable elements. In this paper we show the feasibility of IPCR by amplifying the sequences that flank an IS1 element in the genome of a natural isolate of Escherichia coli.
Mode-matched ion-exchanged glass-waveguide bridge for high-performance dense wavelength division multiplexer

Data bit rate, 1-dB passband, and device dimensions are the key properties of dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) devices. For blazed-grating-based dense WDM devices, analysis shows that all these three properties can be enhanced by reducing the output fiber-array channel spacing. In this paper, we propose an ion-exchanged glass waveguide to reduce the output channel spacing. To fabricate the low-loss fiber-compatible waveguide, a field-assisted ion-exchange process is developed. The waveguides fabricated by this process have a propagation loss of 0.16 dB/cm and a coupling loss to single-mode fiber (SMF) of 0.1 dB. A 47-channel 100-GHz-spacing dense WDM integrated with the glass waveguide is then packaged and demonstrated. The device performance has verified the effectiveness of the proposed solution and the successfulness of the ion-exchanged glass-waveguide technique in this application.
The importance of doing trials right while doing the right trials.

Effort is being expended in investigating efficiency measures (i.e., doing trials right) through achievement of accrual and endpoint goals for clinical trials. It is time to address the question of impact of such trials in addressing cancer critical needs through effectiveness measures (i.e., doing the right trials?)
Enabling graph appliance for genome assembly

In recent years, there has been a huge growth in the amount of genomic data available as reads generated from various genome sequencers. The number of reads generated can be huge, ranging from hundreds to billions of nucleotide, each varying in size. Assembling such large amounts of data is one of the challenging computational problems for both biomedical and data scientists. Most of the genome assemblers that have developed use de Bruijn graph techniques. A de Bruijn graph represents a collection of read sequences by billions of vertices and edges, which require large amounts of memory and computational power to store and process. This is the major drawback to de Bruijn graph assembly. Massively parallel, multithreaded, shared memory systems can be leveraged to overcome some of these issues. The objective of our research is to investigate the feasibility and scalability issues of de Bruijn graph assembly on Cray's Urika-GD system; Urika-GD is a high performance graph appliance with a large shared memory and massively multithreaded custom processor designed for executing SPARQL queries over large-scale RDF data sets. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on representing a de Bruijn graph as an RDF graph or finding Eulerian paths in RDF graphs using SPARQL for potential genome discovery. In this paper, we address the issues involved in representing de Bruin graphs as RDF graphs and propose an iterative querying approach for searching cycles to find Eulerian paths in large RDF graphs. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on real world ebola genome datasets and illustrate how genome assembly can be accomplished with Urika-GD using iterative SPARQL queries.
Abstract C06: Travel burden to breast biopsy facilities by race and disadvantage in Chicago

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis is to explore travel burden to biopsy facilities incurred by breast cancer patients. Methods: We geocoded patient residence and biopsy facility addresses from Breast Cancer Care in Chicago, a population-based study of breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2005-2008 (n=989). Street network based drive times from patient residence to the facility where the patient received biopsy services were calculated using ArcGIS. Public transportation times were obtained using Google Transit ‘best route’ and set to arrive at the facility by 11:00am on a Thursday. The percentage of households owning a vehicle for each patient9s census tract (US Census 2010) was used to calculate a weighted travel time from both driving and public transportation times. An additional ‘assigned’ travel time was set as the drive time when tract-level vehicle ownership was ≥50% and set as public transportation time when tract-level vehicle ownership was 1 SD above the mean) and affluence ( 1 SD above the mean), race/ethnicity (nH black, Hispanic, nH white), highest education received ( high school), annual household income ( 75k), insurance status (none, public, private) and region of the city (south side vs. north side). Results: Patient residence and biopsy facility locations were available for 890 patients. Average weighted travel time was 17 minutes (range 0.5 to 85) and average assigned travel time was 11 minutes (range 0.3 to 74), whereas average drive time alone was 9 minutes (range 0.3 to 58) and average public transportation time alone was 45 minutes (range 3 to 190). Non-Hispanic (nH) black and Hispanic women had longer travel times than nH white women for all types of travel time (all p Conclusions: Longer travel times to biopsy services could potentially serve as a barrier causing delays in diagnoses. Prior analysis among this study population found no meaningful differences in travel time to breast cancer care facilities using drive time alone. The addition of public transportation times provides a more realistic estimate of travel burden among women in Chicago. We found that women of greater disadvantage had longer travel times to their biopsy facilities. We also found longer travel times among women living on the south side of Chicago, which is where the most predominately nH black and socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods are located. Greater travel burden incurred by disadvantaged women may be contributing to Chicago9s racial disparity in breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Future analyses will explore how travel burden to breast cancer care facilities relates to breast cancer outcomes. Citation Format: Jenna A. Khan, Garth Rauscher. Travel burden to breast biopsy facilities by race and disadvantage in Chicago. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C06. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C06
Groin Pain Etiology: Athletic Pubalgia Evaluation and Management

Athletic pubalgia (sports hernia) is a fashionable moniker used by both patients and physicians to describe what is a poorly understood and often erratically treated patient condition. Athletic pubalgia can more clearly be defined as pain in the groin region brought on by aggressive physical activity and relieved by activity cessation. Rather than being a single-entity disease with a root cause and simple treatment plan, sports hernia is a cluster of different diseases that have both overlapping symptoms and common physical triggers. This chapter aims to describe the individual disease entities and describe the often-subtle physical signs and symptoms that are commonly lumped together as sports hernia.
Abstract IA18: Oncogene regulation of the autophagy machinery

It is well-established that many oncogenic growth signaling pathways negative regulate autophagy through a mechanism that has been presumed to be via activation of mTOR. However, it has been unknown whether oncogenes directly suppress the autophagy machinery and whether autophagy suppression contributes to oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis. We will discuss new findings indicating direct regulation of the Beclin 1 autophagy protein by the Akt oncoprotein and a role for Beclin 1 inactivation in Akt-driven tumorigenesis. The results presented will provide support for the concept that autophagy functions in tumor suppression and will demonstrate a specific biochemical mechanism by which autophagy is suppressed in human cancers with aberrant activation of the oncogenic Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling axis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Investigation on Sports Activity Condition of College Teacher in Zhejiang Province

Through using the method of literature,interview and mathematical statistics,this paper made investigation on sports activity of college teacher in university in Zhejiang province.The result shows that their understanding on content of national fitness program is unclear.The sport population is lower than the average level of whole nation.The middle-aged teachers participating in sports activity are poor and organized sports activity is not good.Based on the investigation,some suggestions are put forward.
Action of Metiamide on the Lower Esophageal Sphincter

The action of metiamide, an H2 antagonist, was tested for its effect upon lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function in the anesthetized opossum. Intravenous infusions of metiamide gave a dose-related increase in LES pressure. A maximum increase in pressure of 17 mm Hg was attained at 2.0 mg per kg-hr of metiamide. This dose of metiamide abolished acid secretion in response to gastrin I, but augmented the maximal LES response to this hormone. Studies in vitro showed that metiamide augmented the maximal LES muscle responses to gastrin I or histamine but had no effect on other agonist responses. Metiamide alone did not alter LES muscle tension. An inhibitory response to gastrin I or histamine could be demonstrated in the presence of atropine or diphenhydramine, respectively, on muscle which had first been depolarized with KCI. These inhibitory responses were antagonized by metiamide. These studies indicate that metiamide: (a) increases LES pressure; (b) selectively augments LES muscle excitatory responses to gastrin I or histamine; and (c) selectively antagonizes inhibitory muscle responses to histamine or gastrin I.
Prototype CoolCup cryolipolysis applicator with over 40% reduced treatment time demonstrates equivalent safety and efficacy with greater patient preference.

Background and objectives Cryolipolysis is a safe, effective non-surgical procedure to reduce fat. For most cryolipolysis treatments, tissue is pulled between parallel cooling plates with a treatment duration of 60 minutes. A novel contoured cup, medium-sized applicator was developed to increase tissue contact with reduced skin tension and reduced treatment time. This prototype contoured cup was investigated with a standard cryolipolysis applicator to evaluate safety, efficacy, and patient preference. Study design/material and methods A prototype CoolCup medium-sized vacuum applicator (CoolSculpting System, ZELTIQ Aesthetics) was used to treat n = 19 subjects in the flanks. Randomly assigned, one flank received standard treatment with the CoolCore applicator (-10°C for 60 minutes). The contralateral flank received treatment from the CoolCup (-11°C for 35 minutes). The clinical study primary efficacy endpoint was 70% correct identification of baseline photographs by independent physician review. Incidence of adverse device effects was monitored. Fat layer reduction was measured by ultrasound and subject surveys were administered 12 weeks post-treatment. Results Equivalent efficacy was demonstrated between the CoolCore standard treatment and the prototype CoolCup. Independent review from three blinded physicians found 81% correct identification of baseline photographs for the standard treatment and 79% for the CoolCup. Ultrasound measurements indicated mean fat layer reduction of 4.38 mm for the standard treatment and 4.40 mm for the CoolCup; no statistically significant difference was found when comparing treatment efficacy of the two applicators (P = 0.96). Patient questionnaires revealed 85% preferred CoolCup because of shorter treatment duration and greater comfort. Procedural assessments revealed 45% lower pain scores for CoolCup. Immediate post-treatment clinical assessments revealed 82% less bruising. Typical side effects, such as numbness and erythema, were similar. There were no adverse events. Conclusion This clinical study of a prototype medium-sized vacuum applicator with a cooled contoured surface indicates that the CoolCup produces equivalent safety and efficacy to the standard CoolCore cryolipolysis applicator. With a 42% reduction in treatment time, the procedure was found to be more comfortable because of lower vacuum skin tension and shorter treatment duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:63-68, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Satellite Observations to Characterize the Response of Estuarine Turbidity Maxima to External Forcing

This study explores the spatial and temporal character of turbidity maxima in the Columbia River Estuary (CRE) using satellite observations. Surface reflectance data measured by the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were calibrated against in situ measurements of surface turbidity (R 2 = 0.85 for 205 measurements). More than 1500 satellite images from 2000 to 2015 were then conditionally sampled to explore the physical processes that drive the spatial distribution of the turbidity field. We find satellite measurements are able to describe seasonal, spring–neap, and spatial features of the estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) that are not easily observable by other means. System-wide levels of turbidity are most sensitive to river flow and spring–neap tidal range, with a weaker correlation to wind and waves. Maximum surface turbidity is observed in winter during elevated flow from coastal tributaries and remains elevated during the spring freshet of the main stem Columbia. Two ETM with asymmetric along-channel profiles are observed, one in the North Channel and another in the South Channel. Turbidity distributions migrate downstream as tidal range and river flow increase but appear to become topographically trapped near topographic holes at river kilometers 15–20. Hence, depth-sensitive circulation processes like internal asymmetry and gravitational circulation are likely important mechanisms for trapping particles and determining ETM location. These conclusions confirm the theoretical result that along-channel distributions of turbidity should have an asymmetric distribution and emphasize the role of bottom topography.
Abstract 373: Cigarette Smoke Produces Phenotypic Modulation of Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Role of KLF4 and Epigenetic Control

Objectives: Cigarette smoke is one of the most important environmental factors associated with cerebral aneurysm formation and progression. Cigarette smoke causes phenotypic modulation of Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) which is considered an important underlying mechanism in cerebral aneurysm formation/progression. We studied epigenetic changes caused by Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) in VSMC differentiation marker genes. Methods: Rat cerebral VSMCs were treated with CSE at 40 ug/ml (optimal dosage based on preliminary data) dissolved in HEPES buffer (biological activity comparable to soluble components of cigarette smoke in humans) for 2 hours. Cells at 80-90% confluence were fixed with formaldehyde. DNA was sheared using sonication. Chromatin immune-precipitation was performed using following antibodies: 1) anti-KLF4 (Krupple Like Factor 4), 2) anti-HDAC2 (Histone Deacetylase 2), 3) anti-H3K9Ac (Histone 3 Lysine 9 Acetylation), 4) anti-H3K27triMe (Histone 3 Lysine 27 Tri-Methylation) and 5) anti-H4Ac (Histone 4-Acetylation). qPCR was performed with primers specific to CArG containing promoter regions of differentiation marker genes {(alpha-Actin and Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC)} and Myocardin. Results were normalized against input DNA. As part of in vivo experiments Pluronic Gel (40% w/v) containing CSE at 0.8 mg/ml was applied to rat carotid vessels for 6-8 hours. Vessels were harvested and frozen in liquid nitrogen and chromatin immune-precipitation was performed. Results: CSE stimulation promoted a non-differentiated phenotype of cerebral VSMCs. We demonstrated a marked increase in percent enrichment of alpha-actin, MHC and Myocardin promoters with KLF4, HDAC2, and H3K27triMe antibodies and decreased enrichment with H3K9Ac antibody. Although H4Ac antibody showed decreased enrichment at the alpha-Actin promoter, this was not observed for MHC and Myocardin promoters. This was consistent for both in vivo and in vitro studies. Conclusions: We previously demonstrated that CSE decreases expression of cerebral VSMCs marker genes and SRF co-activator, Myocardin and increases expression of transcription factor, KLF4. Further it promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Decreased expression of the above mentioned genes is a result of direct binding of KLF4 to the CArG containing promoter region. Further, KLF4 recruits HDAC2 which deacetylases H3K9 and H4 causing DNA compaction thereby repressing transcription. Our results provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in CSE-induced VSMC phenotypic modulation and provide future potential therapeutic targets applicable to cerebral aneurysms.
Developing a Unified Product Lifecycle Management Value Model

With the understanding of the enormous economic value inherent in next generation products, business enterprises repeatedly describe the value metrics and Return On Investment (ROI) of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) as difficult to assess, thus confounding their ability to quickly and strategically make decisions. Given that PLM initiatives are such sizable investments and interdisciplinary, executives are struggling to agree upon value metrics to measure throughout the project to understand an accurate value created. Thus a shortage of known ROI information is available to make the case for financing a PLM project; moreover unique industry and organizational variables make it unfeasible for companies to easily benchmark competitors and predetermine the values gained. A literature review reveals a void of information relative to quantifiable value metrics and ROI of PLM. This article proposes a framework to use Grounded Theory research methodology to capture value metrics and formulate models, contributing to future organizational decisions on PLM implementations.
Factors Related to Self-rated Health in Older Adults: A Clinical Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A growing population of older adults will require health care professionals to become increasingly knowledgeable in geriatric care. Patient ratings, functional measures, and emphasis on health and wellness should be part of geriatric physical therapy practice. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between self-rated health (SRH) and movement-related variables in older adults using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a research framework. Associations between body mass index (BMI), gait, and balance confidence were also explored. METHODS Thirty older adults (mean age = 74.1 years; 18 women and 12 men) participated in the study and completed the following questionnaires: SRH, Short Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Keele Assessment of Participation, and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, BMI, and isokinetic knee extensor strength were also assessed. RESULTS Bivariate results indicated significant associations between SRH and double-support time during gait (rs = -0.6, P < .001), gait speed (rs = 0.4, P = .05), step length (rs = 0.4, P = .05), BMI (rs = -0.4, P = .015), and hilliness of neighborhood (rs = -0.4, P = .015). Individual regression models, controlling for education and age, demonstrated that double-support time was the strongest predictor of SRH (R = 0.50, P = .001). Comparisons of the low versus high BMI groups indicated more favorable balance confidence and gait characteristics for the low BMI group, particularly in double support (t = -3.8, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS SRH should be considered as a quick, patient-focused assessment of health in older adults. Measures of double-support time and BMI may provide clinicians with useful information about their geriatric patients' overall health and function.
Changes in psychosocial measures after a 6-week field trial

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which intervention with hearing aids, namely, a 6-week hearing aid field trial, can minimize the psychosocial consequences of hearing l...
A web application for evaluating Phase I methods using a non-parametric optimal benchmark

Background/aims:In evaluating the performance of Phase I dose-finding designs, simulation studies are typically conducted to assess how often a method correctly selects the true maximum tolerated dose under a set of assumed dose–toxicity curves. A necessary component of the evaluation process is to have some concept for how well a design can possibly perform. The notion of an upper bound on the accuracy of maximum tolerated dose selection is often omitted from the simulation study, and the aim of this work is to provide researchers with accessible software to quickly evaluate the operating characteristics of Phase I methods using a benchmark.Methods:The non-parametric optimal benchmark is a useful theoretical tool for simulations that can serve as an upper limit for the accuracy of maximum tolerated dose identification based on a binary toxicity endpoint. It offers researchers a sense of the plausibility of a Phase I method’s operating characteristics in simulation. We have developed an R shiny web applic...
Stress from trenches in semiconductor devices

It is common practice in the semiconductor industry to isolate neighboring devices from each other by constructing trenches that are lined with silicon dioxide insulating layers and then filled with polycrystalline silicon. These materials generally exert stress on the isolated devices as a result of thermal mismatch or because of internal structural changes that occur during processing. The stress in silicon can then cause changes in the band gap that alters the device behavior. In circuit designs in which the trench to device spacing is variable, this creates an undesirable variability in the device performance. Calculation of the stress from trench structures or from arrays of structures is a large, nontrivial 3D problem that is currently not feasible with finite difference or finite element methods.
Hemoglobin H Disease. A Family Study.

1. Three siblings with Hb H thalassemia disease have been observed in a family in which 17 members from 3 generations have been examined. Four additional family members have α-thalassemia minor. 2. A genetic examination of the family provides further evidence for the theory that Hb H thalassemia disease is due to the interaction of the α-thalassemia gene and another "silent" gene which, however, does appear to produce minor morphologic abnormalities when present alone. 3. Reevaluation of the effects of splenectomy indicate that this procedure may be of significant benefit only in the more severe cases of Hb H disease.
Infection Control and Prevention

Cancer center patients are frequently immune suppressed and are, therefore, at risk for a wide range of opportunistic pathogens in addition to common nosocomial pathogens that are a problem for patients throughout the hospital. A good infection control program is extremely important in this setting to reduce the risks of community- and hospital-acquired infections among patients. In addition to protecting patients, it is also important to protect health care workers, other employees, and visitors. This chapter focuses on general infection control measures, as well as infection control measures specific to patients, health care workers, and visitors in the cancer center setting. In addition, we discuss infection control measures directed at specific nosocomial infections that are of particular risk in this population. Finally, guidelines and examples for starting an infection control program will be given. The role for antimicrobial prophylaxis in infection prevention is discussed in chapter 10.
Phase transformation of metastable discontinuous precipitation products to equilibrium phases in U10Mo alloys

Abstract The discontinuous precipitation (DP) mechanism is prevalent in over 80 alloy systems. We report a new type of DP occurring along prior γ-UMo grain boundaries of an alloy of uranium with 10 wt% molybdenum (U10Mo) during annealing at 500 °C, forming alternate lamellae of Mo-enriched γ-UMo and α-U. During prolonged annealing, the metastable Mo-enriched γ-UMo lamellae gradually transform into a composite mixture of equilibrium γ′-U2Mo embedded in Mo-depleted γ-UMo. Using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, a comprehensive description of the structural and compositional changes of the metastable lamellar DP product to near-equilibrium phases is provided.
Venous Thromboembolism in Upper Extremity Fractures.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been studied in lower extremity fractures but little is known of its relation with upper extremity (UE) fractures. As an often overlooked but serious co...
Combination therapy in cachexia

Since Cancer cachexia is defined as a "multifactorial syndrome", an effective therapeutic approach might be comprehensive multi-faceted treatment that targets different pathophysiological mechanisms simultaneously. The defining features of cancer cachexia, such as weight loss, reduced food intake, and chronic inflammation, might provide both a framework for classification of cachexia and a rationale for identifying multiple therapeutic targets. Past efforts to treat cachexia with nutritional or medical interventions may have disappointed because they were directed at a single domain of the syndrome, such as anorexia or muscle wasting, usually with a single therapeutic agent. Preliminary trials combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy have been shown to be feasible and also to improve selected clinical outcomes. The choice of specific pharmacological agents has varied based on mechanistic considerations or on prior promising single intervention or multimodal trials. Despite the variations in therapy composition, most multimodal regimens share a common purpose in simultaneously modulating the major mechanisms causing cachexia, identifying patients early in the illness trajectory, and including supportive care measures such as symptom management, exercise, and nutritional counseling/supplementation.
Determining the Nonperturbative Collins-Soper Kernel From Lattice QCD

At small transverse momentum ${q}_{T}$, transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) arise as genuinely nonperturbative objects that describe Drell-Yan like processes in hadron collisions as well as semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. TMDPDFs naturally depend on the hadron momentum, and the associated evolution is determined by the Collins-Soper equation. For ${q}_{T}\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ the corresponding evolution kernel (or anomalous dimension) is nonperturbative and must be determined as an independent ingredient in order to relate TMDPDFs at different scales. We propose a method to extract this kernel using lattice QCD and the large-momentum effective theory, where the physical TMD correlation involving light-like paths is approximated by a quasi-TMDPDF, defined using equal-time correlation functions with a large-momentum hadron state. The kernel is determined from a ratio of quasi-TMDPDFs extracted at different hadron momenta.
Biological Interaction of Extremely-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

Evidence is growing for a central role of cell membranes in the reception, transduction and amplification of signals imposed by ELF fields. A major challenge for the future will be the elucidation of specific molecular pathways through which these fields can influence transmembrane signaling events and affect the functional and proliferative states of cells and organized tissues. Of particular importance will be studies on possible mechanisms through which ELF fields may play a role in the development of tumors. At the present time there is little evidence for a promoting or copromoting effect of ELF magnetic fields on tumor development, with the possible exception of mammary tumors in which endocrine alterations resulting from field exposure may play an important role. Further research is needed to gain an understanding of the ELF signal characteristics that are the most biologically effective, and to define the threshold field parameters above which predictable biological responses occur. Recent laboratory studies have provided a number of clues on the pathways through which ELF fields may operate at the cellular and subcellular levels. However, a great deal of research lies ahead in order to fully characterize the molecular substrates of ELF field interactions and the resultant cascade of electrical and biochemical signals that lead to cellular and tissue responses, including possible carcinogenic effects.
The lateral-directional characteristics of a 74-degree Delta wing employing gothic planform vortex flaps

The low speed lateral/directional characteristics of a generic 74 degree delta wing body configuration employing the latest generation, gothic planform vortex flaps was determined. Longitudinal effects are also presented. The data are compared with theoretical estimates from VORSTAB, an extension of the Quasi vortex lattice Method of Lan which empirically accounts for vortex breakdown effects in the calculation of longitudinal and lateral/directional aerodynamic characteristics. It is indicated that leading edge deflections of 30 and 40 degrees reduce the magnitude of the wing effective dihedral relative to the baseline for a specified angle of attack or lift coefficient. For angles of attack greater than 15 degrees, these flap deflections reduce the configuration directional stability despite improved vertical tail effectiveness. It is shown that asymmetric leading edge deflections are inferior to conventional ailerons in generating rolling moments. VORSTAB calculations provide coarse lateral/directional estimates at low to moderate angles of attack. The theory does not account for vortex flow induced, vertical tail effects.
Diabetes-Induced NF-κB Dysregulation in Skeletal Stem Cells Prevents Resolution of Inflammation

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) imposes a significant health burden by negatively affecting tissue regeneration during wound healing. The adverse effect of diabetes is attributed to high levels of inflammation, but the cellular mechanisms responsible remain elusive. In this study, we show that intrinsic skeletal stem cells (SSCs), a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, are essential for resolution of inflammation to occur during osseous healing by using genetic approaches to selectively ablate SSCs. T1D caused aberrant nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in SSCs and substantially enhanced inflammation in vivo. Constitutive or tamoxifen-induced inhibition of NF-κB in SSCs rescued the impact of diabetes on inflammation, SSC expansion, and tissue formation. In contrast, NF-κB inhibition in chondrocytes failed to reverse the effect of T1D. Mechanistically, diabetes caused defective proresolving macrophage (M2) polarization by reducing TGF-β1 expression by SSCs, which was recovered by NF-κB inhibition or exogenous TGF-β1 treatment. These data identify an underlying mechanism for altered healing in T1D and demonstrate that diabetes induces NF-κB hyperactivation in SSCs to disrupt their ability to modulate M2 polarization and resolve inflammation.
Updata: Post-Neoliberalism:

Updating my earlier engagement with post-neoliberalism, this article looks at the “after” of neoliberalism as a “post” neoliberalism under construction. It is addressed to our “discursive confusion...
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in an Adult Patient With Kabuki Syndrome.

Introduction Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition which predominantly occurs in adolescents. SCFE is extremely rare in adults, and nearly all previous reported cases have been associated with an endocrine disorder. Methods We present a case of a 19-year-old man with Kabuki syndrome who was diagnosed with an unstable SCFE requiring surgical fixation. A literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar was done looking for all published cases of delayed-onset SCFE. All previous reported cases were reviewed to determine the likely cause of the SCFE. Results No previous cases of SCFE were described in patients with Kabuki syndrome. Literature review revealed 27 articles describing 32 cases of delayed-onset SCFE. Thirty-one of these cases were associated with endocrine disorders or pituitary tumors. Endocrine disorders associated with delayed-onset SCFE included hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and panhypopituitarism. Pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas were also associated with delayed-onset SCFE. Discussion This is the first reported case of SCFE in a patient with Kabuki syndrome. Kabuki syndrome is a genetic disorder known to cause delayed growth, resulting in delayed physeal closure, placing the patients at risk of SCFE even into adulthood. The literature search revealed that nearly all previously described delayed-onset SCFE cases were associated with endocrine disorders or pituitary tumors. We recommend that all patients diagnosed with delayed-onset SCFE be evaluated for endocrine disorders, pituitary tumors, and/or genetic disorders which can cause delayed skeletal maturation as these disorders can range from severe endocrine disorders to intracranial tumors.
Evolution of fiber access networks

Abstract In this chapter, we start with the introduction of commercial fiber access technologies and their applications in deployed production networks today, and discuss the drivers leading to next-generation fiber access technologies. Today, passive optical networks (PONs) is used almost synonymously to mean fiber access networks, although it is only one and probably the most important one of the many architecture options. For this reason, this chapter will be mostly devoted to the discussion of the evolution of future PON technologies. We cover the development work of new PON standards under various standard organizations, their performance targets, and implementation challenges. Traditional PON systems have adopted the time-division multiplexing (TDM) approach to share a common transmission medium with multiple users. Scaling with TDM alone becomes harder and harder in signal transmission as the baud rate increases. The latest PON standards started to adopt combinations of TDM and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) techniques to overcome some of the transmission challenges with TDM scaling alone. WDM brings both benefits and new challenges in fiber access networks, which will be discussed in this chapter. TDM and WDM together will enable new levels of access network scaling and different network economy afforded by the so-called super-PON networks, which is now within the reach of commercial applications. As the baud rate of fiber access networks increases, optical components with demanding performances are also needed. Since the cost of optical transceivers accounts for the majority of the fiber access networks, in the recent years, new modulation schemes and electronic processing techniques that can offset the demanding requirements of optical components in future fiber access networks are also being explored as possible ways to scale optical access networks. These techniques will be discussed as part of this chapter.
Failure to Maintain Acetate Homeostasis by Acetate-Activating Enzymes Impacts Plant Development

The metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA links anabolic and catabolic processes and coordinates metabolism with cellular signaling by influencing protein acetylation. In this study we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two distinctly localized acetate-activating enzymes, ACETYL-COA SYNTHETASE (ACS) in plastids and ACETATE NON-UTILIZING1 (ACN1) in peroxisomes, function redundantly to prevent the accumulation of excess acetate. In contrast to the near wild-type morphological and metabolic phenotypes of acs or acn1 mutants, the acs acn1 double mutant is delayed in growth and sterile, which is associated with hyperaccumulation of cellular acetate and decreased accumulation of acetyl-CoA-derived intermediates of central metabolism. Using multiple mutant stocks and stable isotope-assisted metabolic analyses, we demonstrate the twin metabolic origins of acetate from the oxidation of ethanol and the nonoxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, with acetaldehyde being the common intermediate precursor of acetate. Conversion from pyruvate to acetate is activated under hypoxic conditions, and ACS recovers carbon that would otherwise be lost from the plant as ethanol. Plastid-localized ACS metabolizes cellular acetate and contributes to the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and Leu; peroxisome-localized ACN1 enables the incorporation of acetate into organic acids and amino acids. Thus, the activation of acetate in distinct subcellular compartments provides plants with the metabolic flexibility to maintain physiological levels of acetate and a metabolic mechanism for the recovery of carbon that would otherwise be lost as ethanol, for example following hypoxia.
Are Your Students Writing or Authoring? Young Author’s Milieux

This paper aims to differentiate between writing and authoring. In order to teach young authors, we believe transforming our thinking and our language surrounding the act of writing is necessary. This paper works in opposition to top-down, scripted, and pre-set curriculum guides. Instead, this process centered, inquiry-based view of authoring views the teacher as an accompanist to student learning and creation. Using Teale and Sulzby’s (Emergent literacy: writing and reading, Ablex, Norwood, NJ, 1986) stages of writing development as a springboard, we provide 6 milieux; each offering a snapshot of the authoring, the theory, and the teacher moves that support student learning.
Growth performance, body composition and plasma thyroid hormone status of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in response to short-term feed deprivation and refeeding

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of short-term feed deprivation on inducing compensatory growth and changes in thyroid hormone levels of channel catfish. Feeding treatments consisted of the following four regimes of 2-week duration: satiate feeding (control), no feed for 3 days then feeding to apparent satiation for the next 11 days, no feed for 5 days then feeding to apparent satiation for 9 days, and no feed for 7 days then feeding to apparent satiation for 7 days. These regimes were repeated three times over the 6-week trial in which 25 channel catfish fingerlings, initially averaging 15 g each, were stocked into each of 12, 38-l glass aquaria supplied with supplemental aeration and flow-through water. Depriving fish of feed had a pronounced effect in that fish lost weight in as little as 3 days. Returning the fish to a satiate feeding regime caused a resumption of growth, equal to control growth only in the case of the 3-day deprived treatment, but all periods of feed deprivation failed to induce a period of catch-up growth adequate to compensate for previously lost weight. Feed efficiency also was not improved by the periods of feed deprivation, and restricting feed in excess of 3 days lowered feed efficiency. Fish condition indices were not altered at the termination of the trial. Muscle lipid, muscle protein and liver protein also were not different among feeding regimes. Liver lipid was elevated in fish deprived of feed for more than 3 days every 2 weeks. Plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were equally depressed by 3 days from the onset of feed deprivation. Both hormones rose significantly within 24 h of realimentation, with the greatest increase observed in animals subjected to the briefest feed deprivation. These results support a role for thyroid hormones in the promotion of growth in channel catfish. Whereas feed deprivation appears to rapidly reduce activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, the high correlation observed between T4 and T3 in all treatments suggests that peripheral deiodinating systems are capable of rapidly generating T3 from T4 upon realimentation. More rapid recovery of thyroid hormone production following realimentation may minimize the effects of feed deprivation on growth and feed efficiency of fish subjected to the 3-day deprivation treatment when compared to longer periods.
African-American Males and Serious Emotional Disturbance: Some Personal Perspectives:

With numbers that exceed their proportions in the general school population, African-American males are the number one candidate for placement in programs for students with serious emotional distur...
Gallai-Ramsey numbers for graphs with five vertices of chromatic number four

Given a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge1$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $GR_k(H)$ is defined to be the minimum integer $n$ such that every $k$-edge coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different colored) triangle or a monochromatic copy of $H$. In this paper, we determine the Gallai-Ramsey numbers for connected graphs with five vertices of chromatic number four.
Asymmetric lipid bilayers from the perspective of three-dimensional liquid crystal theory

The classical theory for asymmetric lipid bilayer surfaces is revisited from the vantage point of three-dimensional liquid crystal theory. Independent tangential motions of the leaflets comprising the bilayer are accommodated in a framework that allows for distinct leaflet properties.
Phishing for Long Tails: Examining Organizational Repeat Clickers and Protective Stewards:

Organizational cybersecurity efforts depend largely on the employees who reside within organizational walls. These individuals are central to the effectiveness of organizational actions to protect ...
A Concurrent Computing Algorithm for Real-Time Decision Making.

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the real-time decision making associated with and the control of discrete-event systems. The primary characteristics of real-time decision making are first described, and the real-time production scheduling problem for a flexible manufacturing system is cited as a specific example. A real-time decision-making and control framework is then introduced and is shown to consist of the four concurrent functions: problem assessment, performance improvement, control execution, and system monitoring. It is then demonstrated that each of these four basic functions is also comprised of concurrent computing processes. One potential conceptualization of the framework is then discussed, defining the essential information flows among the four primary functions as well as their component computing processes. The essential role of real-time, discrete-event simulation within the proposed framework is illustrated. Additional issues, including system stability and hierarchical coordination, are discussed. The paper concludes with the steps that have been taken to implement the proposed decision-making/control architecture.